1

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri

socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti

maswavlebelTa saWiro da mosalodneli raodenobis Sesaxeb kvleva

2008weli

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kvleviTi proeqtis samuSao jgufi:

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri:

sofio gorgoZe _ centris direqtori

paata sirbilaZe _ proeqtebis koordinatori

maia araviSvili _ kvlevebis koordinatori

nika cimakuriZe _ registraciis koordinatori

socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti:

iago kaWkaWiSvili _ centris direqtori

lali suTiaSvili _ kvlevebis menejeri

mamuka nadareiSvili _ statistikosi

lia mezvriSvili _ sociologi/analitikosi

ivane mindaZe _ konsultanti

© maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri

3

s arC e v i

I maswavlebelTa arsebul da saWiro raodenobebs Soris balan-sis kvleva (monacemTa bazebis statistikuri analizi)

I. monacemTa bazebis analizis meTodologia................................................5

II. arsebuli situaciis analizi..................................................................................10

III. cxrilebi.....................................................................................................................................21

II maswavlebelTa arsebuli nakadis kvleva:saqarTvelos saSualo skolebis maswavlebelTa gamokiTxvis Sedegebi kvlevis meTodologia...........................................................................................................36

I. saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis Sefaseba...............................................................................................................39

II. damokidebuleba maswavlebelTa sertificirebis mimarT..........44

III. maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi da skolaSi muSaobis alternativa.....................................................................................................................................57

IV. saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi arsebuli problemebi..............74

ZiriTadi Sedegebi da daskvnebi..................................................................................78

III maswavlebelTa mosalodneli nakadis kvleva:saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis studentTa da kurs-damTavrebulTa gamokiTxvis Sedegebi

kvlevis meTodologia..........................................................................................................83I. saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis Sefaseba..............................................................................................................90

II. damokidebuleba maswavlebelTa sertificirebis mimarT.........93

III. saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis problemebi;

4

maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi...............................................................96

IV. skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebis survili; maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebis damatebiTi pirobebi; maswavlebloba versus sxva saqmianoba................................................................102

V. ganaTlebis magistraturis Taviseburebebis Sefaseba; ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis survili; sasurveli minimaluri xelfasebi...........................................................................122

ZiriTadi Sedegebi da daskvnebi................................................................................133IV Semajamebeli daskvna....................................................................................................138

5

maswavlebelTa arsebul da saWiro raodenobebs Soris balansis kvleva

(monacemTa bazebis statistikuri analizi)

I. monacemTa bazebis analizis meTodologia

1.1. skolebSi arsebuli maswavleblebis raodenobis gamoTvla

saqarTvelos skolebSi dRes arsebuli maswavleblebis raode-nobis daTvlisas gamoyenebul iqna saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier gadmocemuli skolebisa da maswav-leblebis monacemTa baza.

arsebuli situaciis analizis procesSi maswavleblebis raodenobebi daiTvala mxolod imaTgan, vinc, gadmocemuli baze-bis mixedviT, amJamad aswavlis erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT (2007-2008 saswavlo wlis mdgomareobiT) gaTvaliswinebul aucilebel sagnebs. es sagnebia:

1. qarTuli ena da literatura;2. mSobliuri ena (araqarTuli skolebisaTvis);3. maTematika;4. fizika;5. qimia;6. biologia;7. istoria8. geografia;9. ucxo ena (rusuli, inglisuri, germanuli, franguli da sxv.);10. xazva1;11. SromiTi swavleba2;12. samoqalaqo ganaTleba;13. musika;14. saxviTi xelovneba;15. fizikuri aRzrda.

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maswavleblebis raodenobaSi aseve CaTvlilia dawyebiTi kla-sis maswavleblebi;

monacemTa bazaSi zogierT pedagogs miTiTebuli hqonda, rom is aris bunebismetyvelebis maswavlebeli. Tu am maswavlebels miTiTebuli hqonda, rom is aswavlis mxolod dawyebiT klasebs, maSin is CavTvaleT dawyebiTi klasebis maswavleblad, sxva SemTx-vevaSi es maswavleblebi arcerT konkretul sagans ar mivakuTneT da maTi raodenoba calkea daTvlili (vfiqrobT, am kontingentis gamoyeneba SegveZleba yvela im vakansiis Sesavsebad, rac calkeu-li sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis swavlebas SeiZleba axldes ama Tu im regionis/raionis skolebSi).

garda am sagnebisa, monacemTa bazaSi miTiTebuli iyo erovnu-li saswavlo gegmis mixedviT Semdegi arasavaldebulo sagnebi: ekonomika, qoreografia, metyveleba da logika, eTika, filosofia da religia, sasceno xelovneba, socialuri fsiqologia, astro-nomia, fsiqologia, sazRvargareTis literatura, sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi, esTetika, soflis meurneobis safuZ-vlebi, usafrTxoeba, sagangebo situaciebi da samoqalaqo Tavdacva, dawyebiTi samxedro momzadeba, agroteqnika, avtosaqme, samedicino sanitaruli momzadeba, religiebi da sazogadoeba, Jurnalistika, politologia. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, am sagnebis maswavlebelTa raodenoba ar aris CaTvlili skolis maswavlebelTa saerTo raodenobaSi.

1,2 – xazva 2008-2009 saswavlo wlis erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi amoRebulia, xolo SromiTi swav-leba gaerTianebulia saganSi – saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovneba.

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zogierT SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebels miTiTebuli hqonda, rom igi aswavlis ramdenime sagans. imisaTvis, rom ar momxdariyo or-magi daTvla (anu, erTi da igive maswavlebeli ramdenjerme ar yofiliyo CaTvlili) da Tanac gaTvaliswinebuliyo is faqti, rom mocemul skolas aRniSnuli sagnebis maswavlebeli hyavda, gamoviyeneT Semdegi midgoma: yovel pedagogs ganesazRvra erTi saStato erTeuli. Tu pedagogi aswavlis ramdenime, programiT gaTvaliswinebul sagans, maSin am maswavleblis saStato erTeuli Tanabrad ganawilda aRniSnul sagnebze. magaliTad, Tu bazaSi ped-agogs ewera, rom igi aswavlis rogorc qimias, ise biologias, Cven vTvlidiT, rom am skolaSi aris 0.5 saStato erTeulze momuSave biologiis maswavlebeli da 0.5 saStato erTeulze momuSave qimi-is maswavlebeli, anu, saboloo jamSi, erTi maswavlebeli da ara _ ori. amiT Tavidan avicileT maswavlebelTa arsebuli raodeno-bis xelovnurad gazrdis safrTxe.

TiToeul saganSi, skolaSi momuSave maswavlebelTa raode-noba daiTvala rogorc am saganSi dakavebuli maswavleblebis saStato erTeulebis jami.

1.2. skolebSi saWiro maswavleblebis raodenobis gamoTvla

skolaSi saWiro maswavleblebis raodenobis daTvlisas visargebleT saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saminis-tros mier 2007 wels miRebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT, sadac mocemulia 2007-2008 saswavlo wels moqmedi saaTobrivi bade.

vinaidan aRniSnul dokumentSi ar aris miTiTebuli me-XII klasis saaTobrivi bade, amitom gamoTvlebis procesSi daSvebu-lia, rom me-XII klasSi saaTebi sagnebis mixedviT isevea ganawile-buli, rogorc me-XI klasSi.

gamoTvlebis procesSi visargebleT Semegi midgomiT:

1. dawyebiT klasebad gansazRvrulia I–VI klasebi. CavTvaleT, rom skolaSi unda iyos imdeni dawyebiTi klasis maswavlebeli, ramdeni dawyebiTi klasicaa (anu erT klass unda hyavdes erTi maswavlebeli) da TiToeulma masze gapirovnebul klasSi unda aswavlos yvela sagani _ ucxo enis, musikis, fizikuri aRzrdis da

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saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis garda. am SemTxvevaSi, dawye-biTi klasebis maswavleblis datvirTva meryeobs kviraSi 16-dan 18 saaTamde, klasebis mixedviT.

2. VI-XII klasebSi yovel j-ur saganSi skolaSi Casatarebeli jamuri saaTebis raodenobis daTvlisas, visargebleT formu-liT:

sadac pi aris paralelebis raodenoba i-ur klasSi;sij – i-ur klasSi j-ur saganSi Casatarebeli programiT gaT-

valiswinebuli aucilebeli saaTebis raodenoba.

3. skolaSi saWiro maswavleblebis raodenoba daviTvaleT sami gansxvavebuli midgomiT:

pirveli varianti (minimaluri):

vinaidan skolaSi maswavleblis sruli ganakveTi Seadgens kviraSi 18 saaTs, amitom j-ur saganSi saWiro maswavleblebis raodenoba Mi gamoTvlil iqna am saganSi skolaSi Casatarebeli jamuri saaTebis Ti raodenobis 18-ze gayofiT:

(1)am formuliT miRebuli maswavleblebis raodenoba maTemati-

kurad zustia, magram misi gamoyenebiT miRebuli Sedegi, SesaZloa, ver asaxavdes realobas, vinaidan yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli yvela maswavleblis sruli StatiT datvirTva. amas SeiZleba sx-vadasxva mizezi hqondes:

• maswavlebeli aswavlides im sagans (sagnebs), romelTa moculoba ar utoldeba 18 saaTian kvireul datvirTvas. aseTi sagnebi SeiZleba iyos yvela is sagani, romelzec SedarebiT naklebi saaTebia gamoyofili;• skolaSi klasebis raodenoba iyos arasakmarisi imis-aTvis, rom yvela maswavlebels SeeZlos normatuli dat-virTvis Sesruleba (es viTareba tipuria soflis skoleb-isaTvis).

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, am variantiT daTvlili maswav-

∑=i

ijij spT

18j

j

TM =

9

leblebis raodenoba, cxadia, ar miuaxlovdeba pedagogTa realur ricxvs, aramed iqneba bevrad ufro naklebi. skolebis optimizaci-is politikam SeiZleba Seamciros sxvaoba am meTodiT daTvlil da realur raodenobebs Soris. Tumca, am sxvaobis minimumamde dayvana mainc SeuZlebelia.

garda amisa, aRniSnuli formuliT miRebuli Sedegi SeiZleba ar iyos mTeli ricxvi.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, skolaSi saWiro maswavleblebis raodenoba davTvaleT meore midgomiTac.

meore varianti (maqsimaluri):

Tu skolaSi romelime saganSi Casatarebeli saaTebis raode-noba naklebia 18-ze, CavTvaleT, rom skolas am saganSi sWirdeba erTi maswavlebeli.

Tu skolaSi romelime saganSi Casatarebeli saaTebis raode-noba 18-ze metia, maSin am saganSi saWiro maswavleblebis raodeno-ba gamoiTvleba (1) formuliT miRebuli Mi ricxvis damrgvalebiT. magaliTad, Tu (1) formulis Tanaxmad skolas sWirdeba 1.7 bi-ologiis da 3.2 maTematikis maswavlebeli, maSin CavTvliT, rom am skolaSi unda aswavlos biologiis orma da maTematikis samma maswavlebelma.

es aris maswavlebelTa is maqsimaluri raodenoba romelic sWirdeba skolas.

mesame varianti (optimaluri):

Teoriulad SesaZlebelia, rom qalaqSi maswavleblebi srulad iyvnen datvirTulni. kerZod, Tu maswavlebels erT skolaSi ar hyofnis saaTebi sruli datvirTvis Sesasruleblad, es danaklisi SesaZlebelia Seivsos imave qalaqis sxva skolaSi muSaobiT. sof-lis SemTxvevaSi es SedarebiT rTulia gadaadgilebis probleme-bis gamo. am daSvebis gaTvaliswinebiT, skolaSi saWiro maswavle-blebis raodenobis dasaTvlelad gamoviyeneT mesame midgomac: qalaqis skolebSi maswavleblebi daviTvaleT pirveli variantiT, xolo soflis skolebi _ meore variantiT. mesame varianti war-moadgens Sualedurs pirvelsa da meores Soris.

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II. arsebuli situaciis analizi

2.1. maswavleblebis arsebuli raodenoba

raionSi/regionSi saWiro/arsebuli maswavleblebis raodeno-ba warmoadgens mocemuli raionis/regionis skolebSi saWiro/ar-sebuli maswavleblebis jams.

dReisaTvis saqarTvelos 2,462 skolaSi erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT (2007-2008 saswavlo wlisTvis) gaTvaliswinebul aucileb-el sagnebs aswavlida 71,192 maswavlebeli.

maswavleblebis raodenoba regionebis da sagnebis mixedviT mocemulia diagramebze #1 da #2, xolo maswavlebelTa raodeno-ba calkeul sagnebSi, raionebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrilSi #1.

D

diagrama #1

maswavleblebis raodenoba regionebis mixedviT

6,431

14,025

5,703

7,898

4,571

7,355

2,609

7,665

11,406

2,2521,276

kaxe

Ti

Tbi

lis

i

Sid

a qa

rT

li

qvem

oqa

rT

li

samc

xe-

java

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a

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ia

same

grel

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Ti

imer

eTi

raW

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mi,

qvem

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vane

Ti

mcxe

Ta

mTia

neT

i

11

maswavleblebis raodenoba regionebis mixedviT

6,431

14,025

5,703

7,898

4,571

7,355

2,609

7,665

11,406

2,2521,276

kaxe

Ti

Tbi

lis

i

Sid

a qa

rT

li

qvem

oqa

rT

li

samc

xe-

java

xeT

aWar

a

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ia

same

grel

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zem

o s

vane

Ti

imer

eTi

raW

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mi,

qvem

o s

vane

Ti

mcxe

Ta

mTia

neT

i

15 753

9 097

766

6 821

2 624 2 222 2 454 2 332 4 560

11 661

2 068 2 211 3 169 1 496 1 075 2 109

771

zoga

di d

awye

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uli

sxva

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ri en

a

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geog

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ika

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Rzr

da

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miT

i sw

avle

ba

bune

bism

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ele

ba

maswavleblebis raodenoba sagnebis mixedviT

diagrama #2

2.2. maswavlebelTa mier ramdenime sagnis swavlebis SemTxveva.

monacemTa bazaSi fiqsirebuli, sabaziso da saSualo skolis aucilebeli sagnis 56,980 maswavleblidan 11,827 (maswavleblebis 20.8%) or da met sagans aswavlis. qalaqSi es ricxvi SedarebiT pataraa (12.2%), maSin roca soflis maswavleblebis 28.1% erTze met sagans aswavlis.

9,294 maswavlebeli aswavlis or sagans (maswavlebelTa 16.3%), 1,958 sam sagans (3.4%), 574 sam da met sagans.

yvelaze xSirad iTavseben sagans “samoqalaqo ganaTleba”. am sagnis 2,908 maswavleblidan 2,589 (89.0%) sxva sagansac aswavlis. rogorc Cans, es sagani ZiriTadad SeTavsebuli aqvT istoriis mas-wavleblebs. aRniSnuli sagnis 76.1% istoriasac aswavlis (2,214 SemTxveva).

aseve tipuria xazvis SeTavseba. xazvis maswavleblebis 82.7% sxva sagansac aswavlis. xazvis maswavleblebis 33.9% aswavlis maTematikasac, 25.0% saxviT xelovnebas, an 16.9% Sromas.

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Sromis maswavleblebis 62.9% aswavlis sxva sagansac. ZiriTa-dad biologias (14.3%), maTematikasa(13.6%) da fizikur aRzrdas (12.3%).

aseve xSiria istoriisa da geografiis (729 SemTxveva), maTema-tikisa da fizikis (1,085 SemTxveva), biologiisa da qimiis (1,135 SemTxveva) SeTavseba.

2.3. maswavlebelTa demografia.

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, maswavlebelTa ZiriTadi nawili qalia. kacebi Seadgenen pedagogebis 12.9%-s. maTi xvedriTi wili yvelaze naklebadaa warmodgenili TbilisSi (5.5%) da yvelaze metad _ aWaraSi (20.4%).

maswavleblebis ganawileba sqesis mixedviT regionalur Wril-Si mocemulia diagramaze #3.

diagrama #3

pedagogebis ganawileba sqesis mixedviT regionalur

WrilSi

80% 81% 81% 83% 85% 85% 87% 89% 91% 92% 95% 87%

20% 19% 19% 17% 15% 15% 13% 11% 9% 8% 5% 13%

aWar

a

raW

a-l

eYxu

mid

a qv

emo

qvem

oqa

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li

samc

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xeT

i

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eTi

same

grel

o-z

emo

svan

eTi

Sid

aqa

rT

li

mcxe

Ta-

mTia

neT

i

kaxe

Ti

Tbi

lis

i

sul

kaci

qali

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maswavlebelTa saSualo asaki Seadgens 47.4 wels. yvelaze “axalgazrdulia” aWaris maswavleblebi (maTi saSualo asakia 44.8), xolo yvelaze “asakovani” _ raWa-leCxumis/qvemo svaneTis maswavleblebi (saSualo asakia 49.0 weli) (ix. diagrama #4).

diagrama #4

maswavleblebis saSualo asaki regionebis mixedviT

44.845.4

47.5 47.6 47.7 47.8 47.9 48.048.8 48.9 49.0

47.4

aWar

a

samc

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i

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li

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neT

i

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a-l

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mi d

aqv

emo

svan

eTi sul

2.4. maswavlebelTa arsebuli da saWiro raodenobebis Tanafar-doba

imisaTvis, rom dagvedgina, Tu ramdenad uzrunvelyofilia skolebi ama Tu im sagnis maswavleblebiT, skolaSi arsebuli mas-wavleblebis raodenobas gamovakeliT saswavlo procesis nor-maluri mimdinareobisaTvis saWiro maswavlebelTa raodenoba. Tu sxvaoba dadebiTia, es gviCvenebs, rom skolaSi mocemuli sagnis maswavlebeli saWiroze metia, xolo Tu sxvaoba uaryofiTia, es niSnavs, rom skolas am sagnis maswavlebeli aklia.

cxrilebSi calkea gamoyofili im maswavlebelTa raodenoba, romlebsac monacemTa bazaSi miTiTebuli hqondaT, rom aswavlid-nen bunebismetyvelebas an bunebismcodneobas. isini ar arian CaT-vlilni arc erT sxva sagnis maswavlebelTa raodenobaSi.

yvela gamoTvla Catarebulia zemoT aRniSnuli sami varian-tisTvis cal-calke.

14

arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raodenobebis Sedare-bam gviCvena, rom ZiriTadi problema, samive variantis SemTxveva-Si, iqmneba dawyebiTi klasebis maswavleblebiT dakompleqtebi-sas. es bunebrivia, radgan aqamde dawyebiT klasebad iTvleboda I-IV klasebi da amitom saWiro maswavleblebis raodenoba mniS-vnelovnad gaizarda.

pirveli varianti (ix. cxrilebi #2, #5 da #8)1:

diagrama #5

arsebul da saWiro maswavlebelTa raodenobebs Soris sxvaoba

qalaq/soflis WrilSi (varianti1)

-5000

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

zo

gad

id

awye

biT

i

qar

Tul

i

sxva

mSo

bliu

ri

ena

maT

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ika

fiz

ika

qimi

a

bio

lo

gia

geo

graf

ia

isto

ria

ucxo

ena

musi

ka

saxv

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ovn

eba

fiz

ikur

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zr

da

samo

qal

aqo

gana

Tl

eba

xaz

va

Sro

miT

isw

avl

eba

bune

bism

etyv

eleb

a qalaqi

sofeli

1 gawiTlebuli ujrebi cxrilebSi miuTiTebs, rom gvaqvs maswavlebelTa nakleboba.

15

arsebul da saWiro maswavlebelTa raodenobebs

Soris sxvaoba qalaq/soflis WrilSi (varianti2)

-5000

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

zo

gad

id

awye

biT

i

qar

Tul

i

sxva

mSo

bliur

ien

a

maT

emat

ika

fiz

ika

qimia

bio

lo

gia

geo

graf

ia

ist

or

ia

uc

xo

ena

musika

sax

viT

ixel

ovn

eba

fiz

iku

ri

aRz

rd

asam

oqa

laq

oga

naT

leb

a

xaz

va

Sr

omiT

iswav

leb

a

buneb

ismet

yvel

eba

qalaqi

sofeli

diagrama #8

mTlianobaSi, am variantis SemTxvevaSi, arsebuli maswavle-blebis raodenoba 9,786 erTeuliT aWarbebs saWiros.

TiTqmis yvela sagnis maswavlebeli ufro metia saWiroze _ dawyebiTi klasebis, fizikuri kulturis da musikis maswavle-blebis garda. es situacia meordeba praqtikulad yvela regionSi. mxolod samcxe-javaxeTis regionSia ucxo enis maswavleblebis mcire nakleboba. aqve aRsanisnavia, rom Tbilisis skolebSi fiq-sirdeba geografiis maswavleblebis nakleboba.

analogiuri situacia SenarCunebulia qalaq/soflis WrilSic (ix. diagrama #5).

16

umetes raionebSi, maswavlebelTa arsebuli jamuri raodenoba metia saWiroze. gamonakliss mxolod ramdenime raioni warmoad-gens. maTgan, maswavleblebis yvelaze didi deficiti aris dmani-sisa da mestiis raionebSi, sadac pedagogebis arsebuli raode-noba, Sesabamisad, 19.1% da 10.7%-iT naklebia saWiroze.

meore varianti (ix. cxrilebi #3, #5 da #8):

am variantis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebelTa arsebuli raodenoba 3,669-iT naklebia saWiroze.

arsebul da saWiro maswavleblebs Soris sxvaoba regionebisa da sagnebis mixedviT mocemulia diagramebze #6 da #7.

diagrama #6

arsebul da saWiro maswavlebelTa raodenobebs Soris

sxvaoba regionebis mixedviT (varianti2)

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

kaxeT

i

Tbi

lisi

Sid

a qa

rT

li

qvem

o q

arT

li

sam

cxe-

jav

axeT

aWar

a

gur

ia

sam

egr

elo

, z

emo

sva

neT

i

imer

eTi

raW

a-l

eCxumi,

qvem

osva

neT

i

mc

xeT

a mT

ian

eTi

17

arsebul da saWiro maswavlebelTa raodenobebs Soris

sxvaoba sagnebis mixedviT (varianti2)

-7000

-6000

-5000

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

zo

gad

i d

awye

biT

i

qar

Tul

i

sxva

mSo

bliur

i e

na

maT

emat

ika

fiz

ika

qimia

bio

lo

gia

geo

graf

ia

ist

or

ia

uc

xo

ena

musika

sax

viT

i x

elo

vneb

a

fiz

iku

ri a

Rz

rd

a

sam

oqa

laq

o g

anaT

leb

a

xaz

va

Sr

omiT

i s

wav

leb

a

diagrama #7

am variantSi, dawyebiTi klasebis, fizikuri aRzrdis da musi-kis maswavleblebis garda, pedagogebis nakleboba SeimCneva samo-qalaqo ganaTlebis, saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis maswav-leblebSi. naklebobaa, aseve, qimiis, biologiisa da geografiis maswavleblebSi. Tumca, mosalodnelia, rom maTi kompensireba garkveulwilad xdeba bunebismetyvelebis maswavleblebis xar-jze2.

am variantSi, maswavlebelTa yvelaze mwvave nakleboba SeimCne-va mTian raionebSi: mestiaSi, yazbegSi, axalgorSi, duSeTSi, walka-Si, dmanisSi, TeTriwyaroSi, xulosa da SuaxevSi, sadac arsebu-li pedagogebis saerTo raodenoba 30-60%-iT naklebia saWiroze. aRsaniSnavia, rom did qalaqebSi (Tbilisi, quTaisi, gori, baTu-mi, rusTavi, foTi), am variantSic ki, maswavlebelTa raodenoba saWiroze metia.

18

rac Seexeba regionebs, maswavleblebis naklebobaa yvela re-gionSi, garda Tbilisis, agreTve, kaxeTisa da Sida qarTlis re-gionebisa.

SesamCnevia (am variantisTvis) gansxvaveba qalaqsa da sofelSi arsebul mdgomareobas Soris. qalaqSi saWiroze 8.2%-iT meti mas-wavlebelia, maSin roca sofelSi pedagogTa raodenoba saWiroze 13.2%-iT naklebia (ix. diagrama #8).

mesame varianti (ix. cxrilebi #4, #7 da #8):

am variantis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebelTa arsebuli raodenoba mxolod 785-iT naklebia saWiroze. es kidev erTxel miuTiTebs imaze, rom mesame varianti yvelaze ufro adekvaturad asaxavs ar-sebul realobas.

mesame variantis SemTxvevaSi, arsebul da saWiro maswavleb-lebs Soris sxvaoba, regionebisa da sagnebis mixedviT, mocemulia diagramebze #9 da #10.

2 monacemTa bazaSi maswavleblebs registraciisas miTiTebuli aqvT bunebismetyvelebis maswavle-beli, bunebismetyvelebaSi ki gaerTianebulia qimia, biologia da fizika.

19

arsebul da saWiro maswavlebelTa raodenobebs Soris

sxvaoba regionebis mixedviT (varianti3)

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

kaxe

Ti

Tbi

lis

i

Sid

a qa

rT

li

qvem

o q

arT

li

samc

xe-j

avax

eT

aWar

a

gur

ia

same

grel

o, z

emo

svan

eTi

imer

eTi

raW

a-l

eCxu

mi, q

vemo

svan

eTi

mcxe

Ta

mTia

neT

i

arsebul da saWiro maswavlebelTa raodenobebs

Soris sxvaoba sagnebis mixedviT (varianti3)

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

zo

gad

id

awye

biT

i

qar

Tul

i

sxva

mSo

bliur

i

maT

emat

ika

fiz

ika

qimia

bio

lo

gia

geo

graf

ia

ist

or

ia

uc

xo

ena

musika

sax

viT

ixel

ovn

eba

fiz

iku

ri

aRz

rd

a

sam

oqa

laq

oga

naT

leb

a

xaz

va

Sr

omiT

iswav

leb

a

diagrama #9

diagrama #10

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2.5. maswavlebelTa saWiro raodenobis prognozireba

maswavlebelTa momavalSi saWiro raodenobis prognozireba ganxorcielda im daSvebiT, rom sapensio asaks miRweuli maswav-lebeli aucileblad gava pensiaze, xolo sxva mizeziT pedagogi samuSaos ar datovebs.

dReisaTvis sapensio asakisaa daaxloebiT 8,500 maswavlebeli. Cvens mier miRebuli daSvebis SemTxvevaSi, Semdeg wlebSi (2009-2018 ww.) daaxloebiT 1000-1500 axali maswavlebeli dagvWirdeba weliwadSi.

2018 wlisTvis, pirveli variantis SemTxvevaSi, dagvWirdeba daaxloebiT 11 aTasi, meore variantis SemTxvevaSi _ daaxloebiT 22 aTasi, xolo mesame variantis SemTxvevaSi _ daaxloebiT 20 aTasi axali maswavleblis momzadeba.

uaxloes 5 weliwadSi maswavlebelTa nakleboba mosalod-nelia Semdeg sagnebSi: musika, fizikuri aRzrda, samoqalaqo ganaTleba, saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovneba. rac Seexeba qimias da biologias, sadac aseve SeiniSneba maswavlebelTa nakleboba, maTi kompensireba SesaZloa moxdes im maswavleblebis xarjze, romelTac sagnis grafaSi monacemTa bazaSi miTiTebuli aqvT “bunebismetyveleba”.

saWiro maswavleblebis raodenoba da sxvaoba arsebul da saWiro maswavleblebs Soris wlebis mixedviT (regionalur da sagnobriv WrilebSi) mocemulia cxrilebSi ##9 – 162.

3 vinaidan axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, xazva amoRebulia, xolo Sroma gaerTianebu-lia saxviT da gamoyenebiT xelovnebaSi, prognozirebisas xazvis maswavlebelTa raodenoba gaTval-iswinebuli ar aris.

21

cxrilebi

cxrili #1: arsebuli maswavleblebis raodenoba calkeul sagnebSi, raion-ebis mixedviT

22

23

cxrili #2: arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaoba sagnebSi, raionebis mixedviT(pirveli varianti)

24

25

cxrili #3: arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaoba sagnebSi raionebis mixedviT(meore varianti)

26

27

cxrili #4: arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaoba sagnebSi raionebis mixedviT(mesame varianti)

28

29

cxrili #5: arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaoba sagnebSi, regionebis mixedviT(pirveli varianti)

cxrili #6. arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaoba sagnebSi, regionebis mixedviT(meore varianti)

30

cxrili #7. arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaoba sagnebSi regionebis mixedviT(mesame varianti)

31

cxrili #8: arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebi da maT Soris sxvaobebi sxvadasxva variantebSi, qalaq/soflis WrilSi

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cxrili #9: dReisaTvis momqmedi maswavleblebidan skolaSi damrCeni mas-wavleblebis raodenobis prognozi 2008-18 wlebSi, regionebis mixedviT

cxrili #10: 2009-18 wlebSi, arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raode-nobebis sxvaobis prognozi regionebis mixedviT (pirveli varianti)

33

cxrili #11: 2009-18 wlebSi, arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raode-nobebis sxvaobis prognozi regionebis mixedviT (meore varianti)

cxrili #12: 2009-18 wlebSi, arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raode-nobebis sxvaobis prognozi regionebis mixedviT (mesame varianti)

34

cxrili #13: dReisaTvis momqmedi maswavleblebidan skolaSi damrCeni mas-wavleblebis raodenobis prognozi sxvadasxva wlebSi, sagnebis mixedviT

cxrili #14: 2009-18 ww. arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaobis prognozi, sagnebis mixedviT (pirveli varianti)

35

cxrili #15: 2009-18 ww. arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaobis prognozi, sagnebis mixedviT (meore varianti)

cxrili #16: 2009-18 ww. arsebuli da saWiro maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaobis prognozi, sagnebis mixedviT (mesame varianti)

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maswavlebelTa arsebuli nakadis kvleva:

saqarTvelos saSualo skolebis maswavlebel-Ta gamokiTxvis Sedegebi

kvlevis meTodologia

kvlevis mizani iyo maswavlebelTa arsebuli nakadis ganwyobe-bis da molodinebis kvleva, rasac, saboloo jamSi, unda ganesaz-Rvra maswavlebelTa mobilobis _ skolaSi darCenis Tu skoli-dan gadinebis Taviseburebebi.

gamokvlevis tipi: erovnuli SerCevis raodenobrivi kvleva.

kvlevis meTodi: pirispir interviu.

kvlevis instrumenti; kiTxvari, romelic moicavda Ria, daxu-rul da naxevrad daxurul kiTxvebs.

kvlevis samizne jgufs warmoadgens saxelmwifo/kerZo sko-lebSi dasaqmebuli maswavleblebi.

aRniSnuli jgufi CaiTvala, rogorc damoukidebeli gener-aluri erToblioba, romlis mimarTac aigo reprezentatuli Ser-Ceva.

samizne jgufis Taviseburebebis Sesabamisad, SemuSavda kiTx-vari, romelmac moicva Semdegi Temebi:

37

• rogor afaseben maswavleblebi saSualo ganaTleb-is sistemaSi mimdinare reformebs? (upiratesobebi da nak-lovanebebi)

• miiReben Tu ara isini monawileobas sasertifikacio gamocdebSi, romelic daiwyeba 2010 wlidan?

• ra aris, maTi azriT, zogadad, saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis da, kerZod, maTi sakuTari skolebis ZiriTadi prob-lemebi, romlebic pirvel rigSi unda gadaiWras?

• apireben Tu ara, rom darCnen skolebSi, Tu datoveben skolas uaxloesi 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi?

• Seicvlian Tu ara samuSaos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gamoCn-deba sxva, ukeTesad anazRaurebadi samsaxuri?

• ra aris mTavari motivacia maTTvis, visac surs skolis datoveba? ra SemTxvevaSi Seicvlidnen gadawyvetilebas?

• ra aris skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobe-bi da ra alternativebi aqvs mas.

SerCeva

generaluri erToblioba: saqarTvelos skolebis maswavle-blebi.

SerCevis baza: ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier mowodebuli skolebis baza, maswavlebelTa raodenobebis miTiTe-biT.

SerCevis moculoba: 4000 dasrulebuli interviu.

SerCevis dizaini: orsafexuriani stratificirebuli SerCeva.

Tavdapirvelad SerCevis mTeli moculoba gadanawilda re-gionebze ise, rom TiToeuli regionisaTvis SerCeviTi cdomileba ar yofiliyo 5%-ze meti 95%-iani saimedoobiT. mTeli qveynis mas-StabiT, SerCevis modeli uzrunvelyofs Sefasebis maqsimum 2%-ian cdomilebas (ix. cxrili #1a):

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cxrili #1a

stratifikacia ganxorcielda ori niSnis mixedviT:

stratebSi interviuebis raodenoba gadanawilda maTSi maswav-leblebis raodenobis proporciulad.

SerCevis pirvelad erTeuls warmoadgenda skola. yovel Ser-Ceul skolaSi unda Catarebuliyo 10 interviu (garda dawyebiTi skolebisa, sadac tardeba 6 interviu)

skolebis SerCeva ganxorcielda PPS (Probability Proportional to Size) meTodiT.

sul SerCevaSi moxvda 403 saSualo skola, saqarTvelos 11 regionSi (ix. cxrili #1b):

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cxrili #1b

yovel SerCeul skolaSi interviuers ganesazRvra, romeli sag-nis maswavleblebi gamoekiTxa. skolebis (rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo) SerCeva ganxorcielda ise, rom yvela skolaSi gamoikiTxa TiTqmis yvela arsebuli sagnis erTi maswavlebeli mainc.

Tu skolaSi romelime sagans ramdenime maswavlebeli aswav-lida, maTgan respondenti SeirCa dabadebis TariRis principiT.

I. saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare re-formebis Sefaseba

maswavlebelTa gamokveTili umravlesoba (73.2%) sakuTari informirebulobis xarisxs, saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mim-dinare reformebis Sesaxeb, afasebs, rogorc `sakmariss~. sruli informaciis flobaze pretenzias mxolod 17.4% acxadebs. mas-wavlebelTa Soris yoveli meaTe aRiarebs, rom mwiri informacia gaaCnia mimdinare reformebze (ix. diagrama #1):

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diagrama #1

pedagogTa aseve gamokveTili umravlesobis (70.7%) ganwyoba, saerTo jamSi, gatarebuli reformebis mimarT dadebiTia: maTi az-riT, am reformebma xeli Seuwyo saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis gan-viTarebas saqarTveloSi. Tumca, isic aRsaniSnavia, rom pedagogTa am nawilis umciresobas Seadgenen isini, vinc erTmniSvnelovnad dadebiTad afasebs saSualo ganaTlebis reformas, anu fiqrobs, rom gatarebulma cvlilebebma mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli am sferos ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi. saerTo pozitiuri Sefasebis fonze, sayuradReboa isic, rom yoveli meoTxe gamokiTxuli peda-gogi Tvlis, rom gatarebuli reformebi xels uSlis saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebas. (ix. diagrama #2):

ramdenad sruli informacia gaqvT bolo wlebSi saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis

Sesaxeb?

maqvs sruli informacia

17.4%

maqvs sakmarisi

informacia73.2%

maqvs mwiri informacia

9.3%

informacia saerTod ar maqvs

0.1%

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cxrili #2

maswavleblebs saSualeba hqondaT, SeefasebinaT saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi gatarebuli esa Tu is konkretuli cvli-leba an RonisZieba. rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, peda-gogTa ganskuTrebul mxardaWeras imsaxurebs Semdegi cvlile-bebi Tu RonisZiebebi:

• erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis SemoReba;• erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis danergvis treningebi;• skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis

treningebi;• moswavleTa qcevis kodeqsis Seqmna;• axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis SemoReba.

dadebiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva, agreTve:• sameurveo sabWoebis Seqmna;• axali saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis danergva;• moswavleTa Sefasebis wesi.

pedagogTa gamokveTilad uaryofiT Sefasebas imsaxurebs mx-olod erTi cvlileba: 12 wliani saSualo ganaTlebis SemoReba.

uaryofiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva, agreTve, sagnebis trimes-truli swavleba.

pedagogTa Sefasebebi gaiyo (Tumca, ramdenadme uaryofiTi aq-centiT) iseT cvlilebebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa skolis direqtorTaA SerCevis axali wesi da dafinansebis vauCerul sistemaze gadasvla.

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Sedegebi detalurad mocemulia cxrilSi #3:

cxrili #3

reformebis mimarT pedagogTa pozitiuri damokidebuleba kidev erTxel vlindeba im konkretuli cvlilebebis Sefasebisas, romelTa gatarebac axlo momavalSi igegmeba. kerZod, laparakia or mniSvnelovan cvlilebaze:

I cvlileba: ara zogadad bakalavriatisa da magistraturis, aramed mxolod ganaTlebis bakalavriatis da ganaTlebis magis-traturis kursdamTavrebuls SeeZleba skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis dawyeba;

II cvlileba: ganaTlebis bakalavriatis kursdamTavrebuls SeeZleba aswavlos mxolod dawyebiT klasebSi (I-VI klasi), xolo ZiriTad da damamTavrebel klasebSi _ mxolod ganaTlebis magis-traturis kursdamTavrebuls.

rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, maswavlebelTa umrav-lesobas orive cvlilebis gatareba gamarTlebulad miaCnia. Tum-ca, gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom, sul mcire, yoveli mesame mas-wavlebeli met-naklebad gaumarTleblad miiCnevs maswavlebelTa kategoriul dayofas dawyebiTi da aradawyebiTi klasebis peda-gogebad.

1 pedagogTa 4.0% acxadebs, rom aRniSnuli treningebi ar gauvlia. 2 pedagogTa 11.7% acxadebs, rom aRniSnuli treningebi ar gauvlia.

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Sedegebi detalurad mocemulia cxrilSi #4:

cxrili #4

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II. damokidebuleba maswavlebelTa serti-ficirebis mimarT

2.1. sertificirebis zogadi Sefaseba da informirebulobis xarisxi

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom maswavlebelTa 2010 wl-isTvis dagegmili sertificirebis3, rogorc saSualo ganaTleb-is mimdinare reformis erT-erTi etapis, mimarT maswavlebelTa damokidebuleba araerTgvarovania. Tu pedagogTa Tvalsazriss mTlianobaSi SevafasebT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom respondentTa didi umravlesoba (TiTqmis 80%-mde), zogadad, sertificirebis momxrea. Tumca, pedagogTa am nawilSi ganwyoba, ZiriTadad, or gansxvave-bul pozicias Soris nawildeba: erTi poziciis Tanaxmad, maswav-lebelTa sertificireba 2010 wlisTvis drouli da aucilebelia, xolo, pedagogTa meore, ufro didi nawilis azriT, sertificireba saWiroa, oRond, ara am etapze.

sertificirebis mimarT kategoriulad uaryofiT damokideb-ulebas amJRavnebs TiTqmis yoveli mexuTe gamokiTxuli pedago-gi.

Sedegebi detalurad ix. diagramaze #2:

diagrama #2

rogoria Tqveni damokidebuleba maswavlebelTa sertificirebis (2010 wlisTvis) mimarT?

4%

19%

40%

6%

33%

maswavlebelTaserTificireba 2010

wlisTvisdagvianebulia

maswavlebelTaserTificireba 2010wlisTvis drouli

da aucilebelia

maswavlebelTaserTificireba

saWiroa, oRond araam etapze

maswavlebelTaserTificirebis

saWiroebas saerTodver vxedav

miWirs pasuxis gacema

3 rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro 2010 wels iwyebs mas-wavlebelTa sertificirebas. 2010-dan 2014 wlis CaTvliT, sertificireba iqneba nebayoflobiTi, xolo Semdeg _ savaldebulo. amasTan, maswavleblebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba, ramdenjerme gavidnen gamocdebze.

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pedagogTa poziciebi erTmaneTs daSorda im sakiTxSic, Tu ramdenad srulyofil informacias floben isini sertificire-basTan dakavSirebuli iseTi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, rogoricaa ser-tificirebis vadebi, kriteriumebis da a.S. gamokiTxvis SedegebSi ori urierTgamomricxavi Sefaseba prevalirebs: a) `maqvs met-nak-lebad sruli informacia~ da b) `maqvs mwiri informacia~

(ix. diagrama #3):diagrama #2

2.2. sertificirebis procesSi monawileoba

apireben Tu ara maswavleblebi sertificirebis procesSi monawileobas? gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom pedagogTa didi umravlesobis (86.3%)monawileobisTvis aris ganwyobili, Tumca, maTgan mxolod daaxloebiT naxevars aqvs myarad gadawyvetili, miiRos monawileoba (`aucileblad miviReb monawileobas~). aR-saniSnavia, rom maswavlebelTa mTel korpusSi mxolod 1.0% aR-moCnda iseTi, vinc uari ganacxada sertificirebaSi monawileoba-ze. damatebiT kidev 6.4% armonawileobisaken ixreba.

ramdenad sruli informacia gaqvT imis Sesaxeb, Turogor unda Catardes maswavlebelTa sertificireba?

miWirs pasuxis gacema

1%

maqvs amomwuravi informacia

5%

maqvs met-naklebad

sruli informacia

42%

maqvs mwiri informacia

44%

informacia saerTod ar

maqvs8%

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Sedegebi detalurad ix. diagramaze #4: diagrama #4

maswavlebelTa is mcire nawili (7.4%), romelmac uaryofiTi damokidebuleba gamoxata sertificirebis procesSi monawileoba-ze, ZiriTad mizezad imas asaxelebs, rom gamocdebis Cabarebis moTxovna maTTvis Seuracxmyofelia. dasaxelebulia sxva obieq-turi (mag. `isedac vapireb skolis datovebas~) Tu subieqturi (mag. `ar maqvs imedi, rom gamocdebi samarTlianad Catardeba~) mizezebic. Tumca, am azrs imdenad cota pedagogi iziarebs, rom misi generalizeba SeuZlebelia (ix. cxrili #5):

cxrili #5

miiRebT Tu ara monawileobas sertificirebisprocesSi?

jer ar gadamiwyvetia

6.3%

aucileblad miviReb

monawileobas 45.7%

albaT, miviReb

monawileobas 40.6%

albaT, ar miviReb

monawileobas6.4%

ar miviReb monawileobas

1.0%

47

SeniSvna: cxrilSi monacemebi daTvlilia pedagogTa mTeli SerCevidan; amasTan, respondentebs SeeZloT daesaxelebinaT er-Tze meti mizezi (amitom, pasuxTa jami 7.4%-s aWarbebs).

ramdenad myaria pedagogTa erTi nawilis uari sertificire-bis procesSi monawileobasTan dakavSirebiT? gamokiTxvis Sede-gebi aCvenebs, rom maswavlebelTa im jgufidan (7.4%), romelic uaryofiTadaa ganwyobili sertificirebisadmi, yoveli mesame aRi-arebs, rom mosalodnelia, Seicvalos pozicia da gavides saserti-fikacio gamocdebze. am SesaZleblobas ar miesalmeba aRniSnuli kategoriis respondentTa Uumravlesoba (56.0%, rac mTeli SerCe-visaTvis 4.1%-ia), Tumca, maT Sorisac ki ufro mcire nawils Sead-genen isini, vinc gadawyvetilad pasuxobs, rom pozicias ar Seicv-lis da ar miiRebs monawileobas sertificirebis procesSi. es nawili pedagogTa saerTo SerCevisaTvis 1.6%-s Seadgens. amdenad, gamokiTxvis monacemebiT irkveva, rom dRes dasaqmebul pedagogTa mxolod 1.6% ambobs uars sasertifikacio gamocdebis Cabarebaze da, uares SemTxvevaSi, es ricxvi SeiZleba 4.2%-mde gaizardos(ix. diagrama #5):

diagrama #5

ramdenad mosalodnelia, rom SeicvaloT poziciada miiRoT monawileoba sasertifikacio gamocdebSi?

1.7%

0.9%

2.6%

1.6%

0.6%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

savsebiTmosalodnelia

ufromosalodnelia,

vidre ara

ufro ar arismosalodneli,

vidre ki

ar arismosalodneli

miWirs pasuxisgacema

48

SeniSvna: am SekiTxvas pasuxobs pedagogTa 7.4%, vinc uaryofiT-adaa ganwyobili sertificirebis procesSi monawileobisaTvis.

sertificirebis mimarT negatiurad ganwyobil pedagogTa is nawili (5.2%), romelic ar gamoricxavs, rom SeiZleba pozicia Se-icvalos, sertificirebaSi monawileobis mTavar pirobad ayenebs imas, rom gamocdebi Catardes iseTi testebiT, romelTa Sinaarsi ganisazRvreba im sagniTa da klasiT, romelsac aswavlian. ram-denadme gasaTvaliswinebel pirobas warmoadgens, agreTve, serti-ficirebis gavlis Semdeg realuri privilegiebis miniWeba. danar-Ceni pirobebis xvedriTi wili umniSvneloa (ix. cxrili #6):

cxrili #6

SeniSvna: am SekiTxvas pasuxobs pedagogTa 5.2%, vinc ar gamor-icxavs, rom SeiZleba Seicvalos pozicia da miiRos monawileoba sasertifikacio gamocdebSi. amasTan, respondentebs SeeZloT, dae-saxelebinaT erTze meti piroba (amitom, pasuxTa jami 5.2%-s aWar-bebs).

pedagogTa im didi umravlesobidan (86.3%), vinc sasertifika-cio gamocdebis Cabarebas apirebs, ZiriTadi nawili (44.6%) amas 2010 wlisTvis gegmavs. sainteresoa, rom sakmaod did raodenobas (30%-mde) uWirs daasaxelos is weli, rodesac sasertifikacio gamocdebze gava (ix. diagrama #6):

49

diagrama #6

SeniSvna: pirvel svetSi Sedegebi daTvlilia maswavlebelTa im raodenobidan, romelic apirebs (`aucileblad~ an `albaT~) Caabaros sasertifikacio gamocdebi (aseTia 86.3%); xolo, meore svetSi monacemebi daTvlilia pedagogTa mTeli SerCevidan.

is, rom saqarTvelos maswavlebelTa ZiriTadi nawili ganwyo-

bilia sertificirebis procesSi monawileobisaTvis, imiTac das-turdeba, rom isini apireben xelmeored gavidnen gamocdebze, Tu maTi pirveli da Semdegi mcdelobac warumateblad damTavrda (ix. diagramebi ##7,8):

romel wels apirebT sertificirebis gavlas?

8.8%

29.6%

2.8%

8.3%

44.6%

5.9%

25.7%

7.5%

2.4%

5.1%

38.4%

7.2%

2010 wels

2011 wels

2012 wels

2013 wels

2014 wels

miWirs pasuxisgacema

% vinc apirebs CaabarossaserTifikacio gamocdebi

% mTeli SerCevidan

50

diagrama #7

SeniSvna: Sedegebi daTvlilia maswavlebelTa mTeli SerCe-vis im raodenobidan, romelic apirebs, Caabaros sasertifikacio gamocdebi (aseTia 86.3%).

Tu moxda ise, rom sertificirebis pirvelimcdeloba TqvenTvis warumateblad dasrulda,

apirebT Tu ara xelmeored CaabaroT gamocdebi?

vapireb83.1%

ar vapireb 8.1%miWirs

pasuxis gacema 8.8%

51

Tu moxda ise, rom sertificirebis meore mcdelobacTqvenTvis warumateblad dasrulda, apirebT Tu ara

kidev gaxvideT gamocdebze?

miWirs pasuxis gacema9.7%

ar vapireb12.9%

vapireb77.4%

diagrama #8

SeniSvna: Sedegebi daTvlilia maswavlebelTa im raodenobidan, romelic apirebs, xelmeored gavides sasertifikacio gamocdebze im SemTxvevaSi, Tu misi pirveli mcdeloba warumateblad dasrul-da (aseTia 83.1% maswavlebelTa mTeli SerCevis im raodenobidan, romelic, saerTod, apirebs, Caabaros sasertifikacio gamocdebi).

rogor afaseben sasertifikacio gamocdebisaTvis sakuTar Ses-aZleblobebs maswavleblebi (imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom maTi Ses-aZleblobebi obieqturad Sefasdeba)? rogorc gamokiTxvis Sede-gebi aCvenebs, gamocdebis verCabarebis (anu, konkursSi vergasvlis) SiSi pedagogTa Zalze mcire raodenobas awuxebs. sertificire-baSi monawileobis msurveli pedagogebi ZiriTadad or, TiTqmis

52

Tanabar kategoriad iyofian: a) isini, vinc fiqroben, rom gamocdebs uproblemod Caabareben, radgan maTi kvalifikacia maRalia da b) isini, vinc fiqroben, rom gamocdebs im SemTxvevaSi Caabareben, Tu amisaTvis damatebiT seriozulad moemzadebian.

Sedegebi detalurad ix. cxrilSi #7:

cxrili #7

SeniSvna: pirvel svetSi Sedegebi daTvlilia maswavlebelTa mTeli SerCevis im raodenobidan, vinc apirebs, Caabaros saserti-fikacio gamocdebi (aseTia 86.3%).

rogorc gamokiTxvis sxva Sedegebi aCvenebs, maswavlebelTa mier sakuTari Sansebis Sefaseba praqtikulad emTxveva maTive skolis maswavlebelTa saerTo SesaZleblobebis Sefasebas, sa-serTifikacio gamocdebis warmatebiT CabarebasTan dakavSirebiT. kerZod, respondnetTa didi umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom maTi sko-lis maswavlebelTa arsebuli Semadgenlobis TiTqmis 73.0% SeZ-lebs sertificirebis warmatebiT gavlas (ix. cxrili #8):

cxrili #8

53

is, rom pedagogebs sakmaod maRali warmodgena aqvT sakuTari kolegebis kvalifikaciaze, gamokiTxvis sxva monacemebiTac das-turdeba. respondentTa gamokveTili umravlesoba (60%-ze meti) maTi skolis maswavlebelTa kvalifikacias afasebs, rogorc `sa-Sualoze maRals~, 15% ki _ rogorc ̀ Zalze maRals~. praqtikulad aravin miuTiTebs pedagogTa Tundac saSualoze dabal kvali-fikaciaze (ix. diagrama #9):

diagrama #9

rac Seexeba pedagogTa molodins imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad samarTlianad Catardeba sasertifikacio gamocdebi, gamokiTxva sakmaod optimistur Sedegebs aCvenebs: sertificire-bis met-naklebad samarTlianad Catarebis molodini aqvs mas-wavlebelTa gamokveTil umravlesobas (64.8%). met-nakleb usa-marTlobas, am mimarTulebiT, respondentTaAgacilebiT naklebi raodenoba _ 16.0% _ elodeba. amasTan, TiTqmis yovel mexuTe peda-gogs uWirs, Seafasos sertificirebis samarTlianobis xarisxi (ix. diagrama #10):

rogor SeafasebdiT maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciisdones Tqvens skolaSi?

15.2%20.5%

0.5% 2.6%0%

61.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

ZalzemaRalia

saSualozemaRalia

saSualoa saSualozedabalia

Zalzedabalia

miWirspasuxisgacema

54

diagrama #10

pedagogTa poziciebi ramdenime nawilad gaiyo im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, Tu vin unda Caataros sasertifikacio gamocdebi. yvelaze meti momxre hyavs pozicias, rom gamocdebis Catareba uz-runvelyos Tavad skolis direqciam. gamokveTili mxardamWerebi hyavs sxva instituciebsac: ganaTlebis saministros resurs-cen-trebi da gamocdebis erovnuli centri. rogorc Cans, es sakiTxi maswavlebelTa arsebuli korpusis segregacias iwvevs (ix. diagrama #11):

rogor fiqrobT, samarTlianad Catardeba Tu aramaswavlebelTa sasertifikacio gamocdebi?

miWirs pasuxis gacema19.1%

samarTlianad Catardeba

21.5%

ufro samarTlianad

Catardeba, vidre

usamarTlod43.3%

ufro usamarTlod

Catardeba, vidre

samarTlianad12.4%

usamarTlod Catardeba

3.6%

64.8 %

16.0 %

55

diagrama #11

sertificirebasTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebi

gamokiTxvam gamokveTa pedagogTa poziciebi iseT sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa:

• sertificireba _ savaldebulo moTxovna, Tu pedagogis nebayoflobiTi arCevani?

• sertificirebis gavla, rogorc maswavleblis skolaSi darCenis mTavari piroba Tu alternatiuli midgomebis Sesa-Zlebloba?

• sertificireba, rogorc maswavleblebisTvis realuri privilegiebis miniWebis safuZveli, Tu _ misi profesional-izmis simboluri demonstrireba?

vin unda Caataros maswavlebelTa sasertifikaciogamocdebi?

0.4%

5.6%

35.4%

25.7%

26.0%

6.9%

ganaTlebissaministros

resurs-centrebma

ucxoelmadamoukidebelma

eqspertebma

gamocdebiserovnulma

centrma

Tavad skolisdireqciam

sxva

miWirs pasuxisgacema

56

aRniSnul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, maswavlebelTaAgamokveTi-li umravlesoba Semdeg midgomas emxroba: a) sertificireba unda iyos mxolod nebayoflobiTi; b) im pedagogebs, romlebic ver Caabareben gamocdebs, unda SeeZloT skolaSi darCena Sesabamisi vakansiis Seuvseblobis SemTxvevaSi; g) sertificirebul maswav-leblebs unda mieniWoT garkveuli privilegiebi (mag. gaezardoT xelfasi).

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi ufro detalurad mocemulia cxrilSi #9:

cxrili #9

57

III. maswavleblobis upiratesobebi da skolaSi muSaobis alternativa

skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi

pedagogebma skolaSi muSaobis yvelaze did upiratesobad CaT-vales bavSvebTan/axalgazrdebTan muSaobis SesaZlebloba. mniS-vnelovan upiratesobebad CaiTvala, agreTve, stabiluri samuSaos da meti Tavisufali drois qona ojaxisaTvis.

58

detalurad Sedegebi ix. cxrilSi #10:

cxrili #10

gamokiTxva aCvenebs, rom maswavleblebi, erTi mxriv, sakuTari profesiis prestiJs icaven, xolo, meore mxriv, ar isurvebdnen maTi ojaxis wevrisTvis skolaSi muSaobas. kerZod, maswavlebel-Ta gamokveTili umravlesoba (60.1%) miiCnevs, rom maswavleblo-ba sapatio profesiaa, romelsac adamianebi Segnebulad irCeven; yoveli meore gamokiTxuli maswavlebeli imasac eTanxmeba, rom maswavleblad muSaobas swavlaSi warCinebuli studentebi iwye-ben. Tumca, rodesac saqme arCevanze midgeba, pedagogebi TavianTi axloblebisaTvis sxva samsaxurSi dasaqmebas isurveben. cxadia, aseT disonanss respondentTa mosazrebebsa da praqtikul reko-mendaciebs Soris Tavisi mizezebi moeZebneba, romlebic, SesaZloa, saSualo ganaTlebis winaSe mdgari problemebiT iyos gamowveu-li (amaze cota qvemoT iqneba saubari).

59

ufro detalurad maswavlebelTa ganwyobebi pedagogis pro-fesiis Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb ix. cxrilSi #:11:

cxrili #11

skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis alternativa

rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, anazRaurebis faqtori Zalze mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom maswavleblebma alterna-tiul samsaxurze (samsaxuris gamocvlaze) ifiqron. igive anaz-RaurebiT sxva samsaxuris SeTavazebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebelTa umravlesoba myarad icavs Tavis statuss da ar apirebs Seelios maswavleblobas. pedagogTa mxolod Zalze mcire raodenoba gam-oicvlida siamovnebiT samsaxurs imave anazRaurebis pirobebSic ki. viTareba arsebiTad icvleba maSin, rodesac respondentebs sTavazoben ukeTesad anazRaurebad sxva iseT samsaxurs, romelic maT interesebsac pasuxobs. am SemTxvevaSi, yoveli meoTxe pedagogi (24.4%) samsaxuris gamocvlas upirobod Tanxmdeba, xolo, damate-biT, yoveli mesame (32.5%) _ samsaxuris Secvlisaken ixreba.

60

gamokiTxvam gamoavlina erTgul pedagogTa is nawili, romel-ic maswavleblobas arcerT sxva samsaxurSi ar gacvlida, Tundac ukeTesi anazRaurebis SeTavazebis sanacvlod. aseTia pedagogTa mTeli SerCevis meoTxedi (24.8%).

aRniSnul sakiTxze gamokiTxvis Sedegebi detalurad mocemu-lia diagramebze ##12,13:

diagrama #12daTanxmdebodiT Tu ara met-naklebad saintereso

samsaxurs igive anazRaurebiT?

araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar davTanxmdebo

di52.6%

albaT, ar davTanxmdebo

di31.2%

albaT, davTanxmdebo

di7.7%

aucileblad davTanxmdebo

di3.6%

miWirs pasuxis gacema4.9%

61

daTanxmdebodiT Tu ara met-naklebad sainteresosamsaxurs ukeT es i anazRaurebiT?

araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar davTanxmdebo

di24.8%

albaT, ar davTanxmdebo

di12.2%

albaT, davTanxmdebo

di32.5%

aucileblad davTanxmdebo

di24.4%

miWirs pasuxis gacema6.1%

diagrama #13

diagramaTa monacemebi kidev erT saintereso Sedegs iZleva: jamSi, im maswavlebelTa xvedriTi wili, romlebic sxva samsaxur-Si gadasvlas (imave, an ukeTesi anazRaurebis pirobebSi), sul cota, ar gamoricxaven mainc, 47.4%-ia, rodesac laparakia imave anazRau-rebiT sxva samsaxuris dawyebaze, da _ 75.2%, rodesac laparakia ukeTes anazRaurebaze.

maswavlebelTa am nawilma, gamokiTxvis procesSi, gansazRvra:

a) is minimaluri anazRaureba, romelic maTTvis iqneboda skolaSi maswavleblad darCenis sakmarisi piroba;

b) anazRaurebis is raodenoba, romlis SemTxvevaSic da-Tanxmdebodnen skolis datovebas da sxva samsaxurSi gadasv-las.

62

rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, minimaluri anazRaureba, romlebsac maswavleblebi skolaSi darCenisTvis asaxeleben, Tve-Si saSualod 690 laria (minimaluri anazRaurebis es moculoba daaxloebiT oTxjer metia, vidre dRes arsebuli minimaluri xe-lfasi _ 170 lari TveSi). sxva samsaxurSi gadasvlis `safasuri~ gacilebiT Zviria _ TveSi saSualod 1100 lari.

gamokiTxvis zusti Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilebSi ##12; 13; 14:

cxrili #12

SeniSvna: monacemebi daTvlilia maswavlebelTa im raodeno-bidan, romelmac SekiTxvaze: `daTanxmdebodiT Tu ara sxva sam-saxurs ukeTesi anazRaurebiT?~ gasca nebismieri pasuxi, garda erTisa: `araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar davTanxmdebodi~.

cxrili #13

SeniSvna: monacemebi daTvlilia maswavlebelTa im raodeno-bidan, romelmac SekiTxvaze: `daTanxmdebodiT Tu ara sxva sam-saxurs ukeTesi anazRaurebiT?~ gasca nebismieri pasuxi, garda erTisa: `araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar davTanxmdebodi~.

63

aRniSnuli monacemebiT irkveva, rom, 700 lariani minimaluri anazRaureba sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom dRes momuSave maswavle-belTa 60.7%-ma, vinc, sul cota, ar gamoricxavs, rom, SeTavaze-bis SemTxvevaSi, sxva samsaxurSi gadava, sakuTari Sromis ukugeba adekvaturad CaTvalos da gauCndes motivacia skolaSi darCe-nisTvis.

skolaSi darCenisTvis minimaluri anazRaurebis, iseve rogorc sxva samsaxurSi gadasvlisTvis sakmarisi anazRaurebis monace-mebi, SesaZlebelia, warmovadginoT finansuri intervalebis saxiT _ imaze miTiTebiT, Tu maswavlebelTa ra nawilisTvisaa sakmarisi esa Tu is finansuri anazRaureba skolaSi dasarCenad, an sxva sam-saxurSi gadasasvlelad (ix. diagramebi ##14;15):

diagrama #14

minimaluri anazRaureba skolaSi dasarCenad

50%60%

67%

76% 76%

93%

100%

18%

10%

1%

5%

19%

6%4%

6%4%

2%

8% 8%

32%

10%

7%9%

17%

7%5%

0.4%

10%

1%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

200laramde

200-300lari

301-400lari

401-500lari

501-600lari

601-700lari

701-800lari

801-900lari

901-1000lari

1000lari da

meti

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

maswavleblebi

64

SeniSvnebi:

1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia im maswavlebelTa procentu-li raodenobebi, romlebmac SekiTxvaze: „ra aris is minimaluri anazRaureba, romelic TqvenTvis skolaSi maswavleblad dar-Cenis sakmarisi piroba iqneboda?“ _ daasaxeles gansazRvruli Tanxa (aseTia maswavlebelTa saerTo SerCevis 60.7%).

2. lurj svetebSi im maswavlebelTa raodenoba, romleb-mac gansazRvruli Tanxa daasaxeles skolaSi darCenisTvis, warmodgenilia, rogorc calke erToblioba (100%) da pasuxebi gadanawilebulia am erTobliobis SigniT.

3. rux svetebze aRniSnuli procentebi aRwers maswavle-belTa im jamur moculobas, romelic skolaSi darCeba, Sesa-bamisi finansuri anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi. diagrama #15

sxva samsaxurSi gadasvlisTvis sakmarisi anazRaureba

maswavleblebi

17% 26%

34%

46% 47%

79%

100%

5%

2%1% 2%

8%

1%

13%

2% 3%

13%

8%

2%

32%

21%

5% 7%

5%

0.2%

20%

12%

8%

0.4%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

200laramde

200-300lari

301-400lari

401-500lari

501-600lari

601-700lari

701-800lari

801-900lari

901-1000lari

1000lari da

meti

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

65

SeniSvnebi:

1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia im maswavlebelTa procen-tuli raodenobebi, romlebmac SekiTxvaze: „ra anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi daTanxmdebodiT sxva samsaxurSi gadasvlas?“ _ gansazRvruli Tanxa daasaxeles (aseTia maswavlebelTa saer-To SerCevis 62.5%).

2. lurj svetebSi im maswavlebelTa raodenoba, romleb-mac gansazRvruli Tanxa daasaxeles sxva samsaxurSi gadasv-lisTvis, warmodgenilia, rogorc calke erToblioba (100%) da pasuxebi gadanawilebulia am erTobliobis SigniT.

3. rux svetebze aRniSnuli procentebi aRwers maswavle-belTa im jamur moculobas, romelic, Sesabamisi finansuri anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi, sxva samsaxurSi wamsvlelia.

minimaluri anazRaurebis Sesaxeb maswavlebelTa Tvalsazrisi korelaciaSia respondentTa mTeli SerCevis mier maswavleblis saSualo anazRaurebis gansazRvrasTan _ esaa, sruli ganakveTi-saTvis daaxloebiT 760 lari TveSi. rogorc Cans, minimalur da saSualo xelfass Soris sxvaoba daaxloebiT 70 laria (ix. cxrili #14):

cxrili #14

saSualo anazRaurebis Sesaxeb maswavlebelTa mosazrebebi SesaZlebelia, agreTve, warmovadginoT finansuri intervalebis saxiT _ imaze miTiTebiT, Tu maswavlebelTa ra jamuri nawilisT-visaa sakmarisi saSualo anazRaurebis esa Tu is finansuri mocu-loba (ix. diagrama #16):

66

diagrama #16

SeniSvnebi:

1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia im maswavlebelTa procen-tuli raodenobebi, romlebmac SekiTxvaze: „ramdeni unda iyos maswavleblis saSualo anazRaureba sruli ganakveTisaTvis?“ _ daasaxeles gansazRvruli Tanxa (aseTia maswavlebelTa saerTo SerCevis 94.9%).

2. lurj svetebSi im maswavlebelTa raodenoba, romleb-mac gansazRvruli Tanxa daasaxeles, warmodgenilia, rogorc calke erToblioba (100%) da pasuxebi gadanawilebulia am erTobliobis SigniT.

3. rux svetebze aRniSnuli procentebi aRwers maswavle-belTa im saerTo moculobas, romlis warmodgenac saSualo anazRaurebis Sesaxeb Tavsdeba Sesabamis finansur interval-Si.

maswavleblis saSualo anazRaureba sruli ganakveTisaTvis

maswavleblebi

40%

51% 58%

70% 71%

91%

100%

11%

4%

4%6%

28%

11%

7%

11%9%

30%

0.2%1.6%

19%

4%6%

20%

9%

2%

7%

11%

0.3%

11%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

200laramde

200-300lari

301-400lari

401-500lari

501-600lari

601-700lari

701-800lari

801-900lari

901-1000lari

1000lari da

meti

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

67

skolaSi darCenis survili

dRes skolaSi dasaqmebul maswavlebelTa did umravleso-bas surs skolaSi darCena. saqarTveloSi arsebuli umuSevrobis masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiT, es Sedegi savsebiT bunebrivia (ix. diagrama #17):

diagrama #17

pedagogTa 70%-s met-naklebad Camoyalibebuli pozicia aqvs imasTan dakavSirebiTac, Tu ramden xanSi daanebebs Tavs maswav-leblobas. rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, uaxloes 10 weliwadSi maswavlebelTa daaxloebiT meoTxedi (25.3%) apirebs skolidan wasvlas. amasTan, 10 wlian periodSi, skolidan wamsv-lelTa proporciebi calkeul wlebs Soris TiTqmis Tanabrad nawildeba. es niSnavs, rom aRniSnul periodSi, maswavlebelTa

gsurT Tu ara, dResdReobiT, skolaSi darCena?

miWirs pasuxis gacema8.7%

ara, ar msurs4.9%

diax, msurs86.4%

68

kadrebis gadinebis TvalsazrisiT, raime koliziebs ar unda ve-lodoT.

pedagogTa ZiriTadi nawili (45.5%) skolidan wasvlas 10 welze ufro gvian gegmavs. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom respondentTa sak-maod did raodenobas gauWirda imis gansazRvra, Tu rodis wava skolidan (ix. diagrama #18):

diagrama #18

kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa is ZiriTadi mizezebi, ris gamoc pedagogebi, uaxloes 10 wlian periodSi, skolidan wasvlas apire-ben:

a) pensiaSi gasvla;b) dabali anazRaureba.

mizezebis CamonaTvali detalurad mocemulia cxrilSi #15:

ramden xanSi daanebebT Tavs maswavleblobas?

1.5% 1.3%0.4%

10.9%

1.1%1.2% 1.4% 1.2%1.9%

4.3%

2009wels

2010wels

2011wels

2012wels

2013wels

2014wels

2015wels

2016wels

2017wels

2018wels

miWirs asuxis gacema

29.2%

ufro gvian 45.5%

1-dan 10 wlamde

25.2%

69

cxrili #15

regionebis WrilSi ganxiluli monacemebi aCvenebs, rom uaxloes 10 weliwadSi skolis datovebas guriisa da kaxeTis regionebis yoveli mesame maswavlebeli apirebs. skolidan wamsvlel peda-gogTa xvedriTi wili, sxva regionebTan SedarebiT, mniSvnelovnad klebulobs raWa-leCxumi/qvemo svaneTisa da samcxe-javaxeTis re-gionebis maswavlebelTa Soris (ix. diagrama #19):

diagrama #19

skolidan wamsvlel pedagogTa raodenoba TiToeul regionSi

(momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi)

25.4

33.1

25.8

11.8

11.4

24.7

28.1

25.0

23.9

32.7

21.4

Tbilisi

kaxeTi

Sida qarTli

qvemo qarTli

samegrelo/zemo svaneTi

aWara

guria

imereTi

raWa-leCx./qv. svaneTi

samcxe-javaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

70

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi skolidan wamsvlel pedagogTa Soris yvelaze did jgufs Sead-genen 56 wlis da ufrosi asakis maswavleblebi, xolo yvelaze mcirericxovan jgufs _ 36 wlamde pedagogebi (ix. diagrama #20):

diagrama #20

skolidan wamsvlel pedagogTa ganawileba asakis mixedviT

(momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi)

10.7% 11.3% 12.4%

24.7%

40.8%

35 wlisCaTvliT

36-42 wlis 43-48 wlis 49-55 wlis 56 wlis daufrosi

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rac Seexeba imas, Tu romeli sagnis maswavleblebi apireben ufro metad skolis datovebas 10 wlis periodSi, kvlevam aCvena, rom yoveli meore xazvis maswavlebeli amas apirebs (Tumca, isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom xazvis maswavlebelTa xvedriTi wili saerTo SerCevaSi Zalze mcirea _ 0.1%). sxva sagnebis maswavle-belTaA Soris gamoirCevian, agreTve, fizikisa da xatvis maswav-leblebi: TiTqmis yoveli mesame skolidan wasvlas gegmavs (ix. diagrama #21):

diagrama #21

skolidan wamsvlel pedagogTa xvedriTi wili sagnebis mixedviT

(momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi)

31.9%31.1%

28.2%28.2%27.6%27.1%26.6%

25.9%25.2%

24.0%22.9%22.9%

22.3%21.9%

21.3%20.2%

15.1%6.2%

53.3%xazva

fizika

xatva

maTematika

mSobliuri ena da literatura

rusuli

qimia

asazogadoebaT-mcodneoba

meore ucxo ena

geografia

biologia

istoria

Sroma

dawyebiTi

fizikuri aRzrda

astronomia

musika

sxva

informatika

72

73

74

IV. saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi arsebuli problemebi

im problemebs Soris, romlebic, rogorc zogadad saSualo ganaTlebis sferos, ise konkretulad saSualo skolebis winaSe dgas, pedagogebi erTmniSvnelovnad da upiratesad miuTiTeben dabali xelfasebis arsebobaze. es problema didi SualediT aRe-mateba danarCeni problemebis reitings.

skolebis winaSe arsebul problemebs Soris ikveTeba mwiri materialur-teqnikuri bazis problema. sagulisxmoa, rom am prob-lemaze, rogorc zogadad saSualo ganaTlebis sferos naklze, pedagogTa gacilebiT naklebi raodenoba miuTiTebs. aq uTuod igrZnoba PR kampaniis kvali: xSirad xdeba apelireba imaze, rom saSualo skolebis materialur-tenikuri baza saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda. Sesabamisad, maswavleblebi fiqroben, rom aRniSnuli bazis simwire aris ara tipuri problema, aramed _ mxolod calkeuli skolebis da, maT Soris, maTi skolisac.

aRniSvnis Rirsia, agreTve, respondentTa mier iseTi probleme-bis win wamoweva, rogoricaa moswavleTa dabali motivacia swav-lisaTvis, skolebSi disciplinis moSla da sxv.

problemaTa reitingebi mocemulia cxrilSi #20:

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cxrili #20

maswavleblebis gamokveTil umravlesobas sjera, rom uaxloes wlebSi dasaxelebuli prolemebis nawili gadaiWreba. ukidure-sad optimisturi („yvela problema gadaiWreba“), iseve rogorc pesimisturi prognozebis („viTareba ar Seicvleba“ da „viTareba gauaresdeba“) xvedriTi wili sakmaod dabalia

(ix. diagrama #22):

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moxdeba Tu ara problemebis gadaWra uaxloes wlebSi?

5.1%

1.9%

10.1%

15.0%

67.8%

yvela problemagadaiWreba

problemebisnawili gadaiWreba

viTareba arSeicvleba

problemebigaRrmavdeba da

viTarebagauaresdeba

miWirs pasuxisgacema

diagrama #22

aris Tu ara zemoaRniSnuli problemebi ufro metad sajaro, Tu kerZo skolebisTvis damaxasiaTebli da iwvevs Tu ara es problemebi maT Soris, swavlebis xarisxis TvalsazrisiT, mniS-vnelovan gansxvavebas? rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, mas-wavlebelTa Tvalsazrisi am sakiTxis garSemo erTmaneTs Sor-deba: SedarebiT ufro didi nawili (37.8%) Tvlis, rom swavlebis xarisxi daaxloebiT Tanabaria orive tipis skolebSi. gansxvave-bul poziciazea pedagogTa ori sxvadasxva jgufi, romlebic upi-ratesobas an sajaro skolas aZleven, an _ kerZos (ix. diagrama #23):

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diagrama #23

Tu SevadarebT, sad ufro maRalia swavlebis xarisxi - sajaro Tu kerZo skolebSi?

12%

38%

22%

28%

kerZo skolebSiufro maRalia,vidre sajaro

skolebSi

sajaro skolebSiufro maRalia,

vidre kerZoskolebSi

daaxloebiTTanabaria rogorckerZo, ise sajaro

skolebSi

miWirs pasuxis gacema

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ZiriTadi Sedegebi da daskvnebi

saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi gatarebuli reformebis mimarT pedagogTa gamokveTili umravlesoba (70.7%) dadebiTadaa ganwyo-bili da miiCnevs, rom am reformebma, saerTo jamSi, xeli Seuwyo saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi.

maswavlebelTa gansakuTrebul mxardaWeras imsaxurebs Sem-degi reformistuli cvlilebebi: erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis SemoReba; erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis danergvis treningebi; sko-lis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebi; moswavleTa qcevis kodeqsis Seqmna; axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis SemoReba.

pedagogTa gamokveTilad uaryofiT Sefasebas imsaxurebs mx-olod erTi cvlileba: 12 wliani saSualo ganaTlebis SemoReba. uaryofiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva sagnebis trimestruli swav-lebac.

pedagogTa Sefasebebi erTmaneTs daSorda (gaiyo) iseT cvli-lebebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa skolis direqtorTaA SerCevis axali wesi da dafinansebis vauCerul sistemaze gadasvla.

pedagogebi, ZiriTadad, gamarTlebulad miiCneven momavalSi dagegmil cvlilebebs, romelTa Tanaxmadac: a) skolaSi maswavle-blad muSaobis dawyeba SeeZlebaT mxolod ganaTlebis bakala-vriatis da magistraturis kursdamTavrebulebs da b) bakalavrs SeeZleba aswavlos mxolod dawyebiT klasebSi, xolo magistrs _ mxolod ZiriTad da damamTavrebel klasebSi. Tumca, am uka-nasknel (b) moTxovnas pedagogTa mesamedze meti ar miesalmeba.

2010 wlisTvis dagegmili sertificirebis mimarT maswavle-belTa damokidebuleba araerTgvarovania. Sefasebebi gaiyo ara sertificirebis principul saWiroebasTan, aramed imasTan dakav-SirebiT, Tu rodisaa mizanSewonili misi Catareba: pedagogTa erTi nawili miiCnevs, rom maswavlebelTa sertificireba 2010 wlisTvis drouli da aucilebelia, xolo, meore, ufro didi nawilis az-riT, maswavlebelTa sertificireba saWiroa, oRond, ara am etapze, aramed ufro gvian.

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sagulisxmoa, rom sertificirebis mimarT kategoriulad uaryofiT damokidebulebas amJRavnebs TiTqmis yoveli mexuTe gamokiTxuli pedagogi.

pedagogTa poziciebi erTmaneTs daSorda im sakiTxSic, Tu ramdenad srulyofil informacias floben isini sertificire-bis vadebis, kriteriumebis da a.S. Sesaxeb. aq ori sapirispiro Se-faseba ikveTeba: a) `maqvs met-naklebad sruli informacia~ da b) `maqvs mwiri informacia~.

myari gadawyvetileba sasertifikacio gamocdebSi monawileo-

bisTvis miRebuli aqvs pedagogTa 45.7%-s. Tumca, kidev 40.6% gan-wyobilia monawileobisaTvis (`albaT miviReb monawileobas~). rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, dRes dasaqmebul pedagogTa mxolod 1.6% ambobs uars sasertifikacio gamocdebis Cabarebaze da, uares SemTxvevaSi, es ricxvi SeiZleba 4.1%-mde gaizardos.

sertificirebaSi monawileobaze uaris ZiriTad mizezad peda-gogebi imas asaxeleben, rom gamocdebis Cabarebis moTxovna maT-Tvis Seuracxmyofelia.

sertificirebis mimarT negatiurad ganwyobil pedagogTa is nawili (5.2%), romelic ar gamoricxavs, rom SeiZleba pozicia Seicvalos, mTavar pirobad ayenebs imas, rom gamocdebi Catardes iseTi testebiT, romelTa Sinaarsi ganisazRvreba im sagniTa da klasiT, romelsac isini aswavlian.

pedagogTa ZiriTadi nawili (38.4%) sertificirebis gamocde-bze gasvlas 2010 wlisTvis gegmavs. yovel meoTxe pedagogs uWirs, daasaxelos is weli, rodesac gamocdebs Caabarebs. aRsani-Snavia, rom maswavlebelTa didi umravlesoba sertificirebaSi monawileobas im SemTxvevaSic gegmavs, Tu pirveli da meore mcde-lobac warumateblad damTavrda.

sertificirebis met-naklebad samarTlianad Catarebis molo-dini aqvs maswavlebelTa gamokveTil umravlesobas (64.8%). met-nakleb usamarTlobas, am mimarTulebiT, respondentTaAgacilebiT naklebi raodenoba _ 16.0% elodeba. amasTan, TiTqmis yovel mex-uTe pedagogs uWirs, Seafasos sertificirebis samarTlianobis xarisxi.

80

sasertifikacio gamocdebis verCabarebis SiSi pedagogTa Zalze mcire raodenobas awuxebs (3.2%). sertificirebaSi monawileobis msurveli pedagogebi ZiriTadad or, TiTqmis Tanabar kategori-ad iyofian: a) isini, vinc fiqroben, rom gamocdebs uproblemod Caabareben, radgan maTi kvalifikacia maRalia da b) isini, vinc fiqroben, rom gamocdebs im SemTxvevaSi Caabareben, Tu amisaTvis damatebiT moemzadebian.

pedagogTa poziciebi ramdenime nawilad gaiyo im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, Tu vin unda Caataros sasertifikacio gamocdebi. yvelaze meti momxre hyavs pozicias, rom gamocdebis Catareba uz-runvelyos Tavad skolis direqciam. gamokveTili mxardamWerebi hyavs sxva instituciebsac: ganaTlebis saministros resurs-cen-trebi da gamocdebis erovnuli centri.

gamoikveTa pedagogTa midgoma sertificirebasTan dakavSire-bul sxvadasxva sakiTxis mimarT: a) sertificireba unda iyos mx-olod nebayoflobiTi; b) im pedagogebs, romlebic ver Caabareben gamocdebs, unda SeeZloT skolaSi darCena Sesabamisi vakansiis Seuvseblobis SemTxvevaSi; g) sertificirebul maswavleblebs unda mieniWoT garkveuli privilegiebi (mag. gaezardoT xelfa-si).

skolaSi muSaobis mTavar upiratesobad maswavleblebi bavS-vebTan/axalgazrdebTan muSaobis SesaZleblobas miiCneven. mniS-vnelovan upiratesobebad CaiTvala, agreTve, stabiluri samuSaos da meti Tavisufali drois qona ojaxisaTvis.

kvlevam aCvena, rom maswavleblis profesis `idealuri~ (araem-piriuli) tipi ewinaaRmdegeba respondentTa warmodgenas am pro-fesiis empiriuli Rirebulebis Sesaxeb. respondentebi, erTi mxriv, Tvlian, rom pedagogoba sapatio profesiaa da mas ara xelmocar-uli, aramed warmatebuli adamianebi irCeven. Tumca, meore mxriv, pedagogebs ar surT, rom maTi ojaxis wevrma muSaoba skolis maswavleblad daiwyos. amis mizezi unda veZeboT im problemebSi, rac dRes saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis da, konkretulad, skoleb-is winaSe dgas. am problemebs Soris, gamokiTxvis SedegebiT, um-wvavesia dabali xelfasebis problema. ikveTeba, agreTve, skolebis materialur-teqnikuri bazis simwire. aRniSvnis Rirsia respon-dentTa mier iseTi problemebis win wamowevac, rogoricaa mos-wavleTa dabali motivacia swavlisaTvis, skolebSi disciplinis moSla da sxv.

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maswavleblebis gamokveTil umravlesobas sjera, rom uaxloes wlebSi dasaxelebuli prolemebis nawili gadaiWreba. ukidure-sad optimisturi, iseve rogorc pesimisturi prognozebis xvedri-Ti wili sakmaod dabalia.

rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, anazRaurebis faqtori Zalze mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom maswavleblebma alterna-tiul samsaxurze (samsaxuris gamocvlaze) ifiqron. igive anaz-RaurebiT sxva samsaxuris SeTavazebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebel-Ta umravlesoba (sul mcire, 52.6%) ar apirebs skolis daTmobas. viTareba arsebiTad icvleba maSin, rodesac respondentebs sTava-zoben ukeTesad anazRaurebad sxva iseT samsaxurs, romelic maT interesebsac pasuxobs. am SemTxvevaSi, yoveli meoTxe pedagogi (24.4%) samsaxuris gamocvlas upirobod Tanxmdeba, xolo damate-biT, yoveli mesame (32.5%) _ samsaxuris Secvlisaken ixreba.

jamSi, im maswavlebelTa xvedriTi wili, romlebic sxva sam-saxurSi gadasvlas (imave, an ukeTesi anazRaurebis pirobebSi), sul cota, ar gamoricxaven mainc, 47.4%-ia, rodesac laparakia im-ave anazRaurebiT sxva samsaxuris dawyebaze, da _ 75.2%, rodesac laparakia ukeTes anazRaurebaze.

gamokiTxvam gamoavlina erTgul pedagogTa is nawili _ TiTqmis 25%, anu yoveli meoTxe pedagogi _ romelic maswavleblobas ar-cerT sxva samsaxurSi ar gacvlida, Tundac ukeTesi anazRaurebis SeTavazebis sanacvlod.

is maswavleblebi, romlebic, sul cota, ar gamoricxaven, rom ukeTesi anazRaurebis pirobebSi skolas datoveben (aseTia, rogorc iTqva, 75.2%), asaxeleben minimalur anazRaurebas skolaSi darCenisTvis _ esaa, daaxloebiT, 690 lari TveSi. sxva samsaxurSi gadasvlisTvis finansuri piroba gacilebiT Zviria _ saSualod 1100 lari TveSi.

amrigad, 700 lariani minimaluri anazRaureba sakmarisia imis-aTvis, rom dRes momuSave maswavlebelTa 60.7%-ma, vinc, sul cota, ar gamoricxavs, rom SeTavazebis SemTxvevaSi sxva samsaxurSi ga-dava, sakuTari Sromis ukugeba adekvaturad CaTvalos da gauC-ndes motivacia skolaSi darCenisTvis (yovel SemTxveaSi, darCeba manam, vidre ar gamouCndeba sxva, minimum 1100 lariani samsaxuri TveSi).

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maswavleblis sasurveli minimaluri xelfasi korelaciaSia maswavleblis sasurvel saSualo anazRaurebasTan _ esaa daax-loebiT 760 lari TveSi sruli ganakveTisaTvis (rogorc Cans, minimalur da saSualo xelfass Soris sxvaoba daaxloebiT 70 laria).

dRes skolaSi dasaqmebul maswavlebelTa 86.4%-s surs sko-laSi darCena. pedagogTa 70%-s met-naklebad Camoyalibebuli pozicia aqvs imasTan dakavSirebiTac, Tu ramden xanSi daanebebs Tavs maswavleblobas. pedagogTa ZiriTadi nawili (45.5%) skoli-dan wasvlas 10 welze ufro gvian gegmavs. uaxloes 10 weli-wadSi maswavlebelTa daaxloebiT meoTxedi (25.3%) apirebs sko-lis datovebas. amasTan, 10 wlian periodSi, skolidan wamsvlelTa proporciebi calkeul wlebs Soris TiTqmis Tanabrad nawildeba (weliwadSi saSualod 2.5%). es niSnavs, rom aRniSnul periodSi, maswavlebelTa kadrebis gadinebis TvalsazrisiT, raime koliz-iebs ar unda velodoT.

pensiaSi gasvla da dabali anazRaureba dasaxelebulia im ZiriTad mizezebad, ris gamoc pedagogebi, uaxloes aTwlian peri-odSi, skolidan wasvlas apireben.

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maswavlebelTa mosalodneli nakadis kvleva:

saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis studentTa da kurs-damTavrebulTa gamokiTxvis Sedegebi

kvlevis meTodologia

gamokvlevis ZiriTadi mizani iyo maswavlebelTa mosalod-neli nakadis kvleva potenciur samizne jgufebSi, anu umaRlesi saswavleblebis ramdeni studentisa da kursdamTavrebulis moz-idvaa mosalodneli skolaSi maswavleblad.

gamokvlevis tipi: erovnuli SerCevis raodenobrivi kvleva.

kvlevis meTodi: pirispir interviu.

kvlevis instrumenti _ kiTxvari, romelic moicavda Ria, daxu-rul da naxevrad daxurul SekiTxvebs.

kvleva mimarTuli iyo or samizne jgufze:

1. umaRlesi saswavleblebis (rogorc pedagogiuri, ise arape-dagogiuri profilis) studentebi;

2. umaRlesi saswavleblebis (rogorc pedagogiuri, ise arape-dagogiuri profilis) kursdamTavrebulebi.

aRniSnuli jgufebi CaiTvala, rogorc damoukidebeli gener-aluri erTobliobebi. amdenad, reprezentatuli SerCeva aigo Ti-Toeul samizne jgufTan mimarTebaSi.

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kvlevis ZiriTadi Temebia:

• saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis Sefase-ba;

• damokidebuleba maswavlebelTa sertificirebis mimarT;• problemebi saSualo ganaTlebis sistemaSi;• maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi;• skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebis survili; maswav-

leblad muSaobis dawyebis damatebiTi pirobebi; maswavlebloba versus sxva saqmianoba;

• ganaTlebis magistraturis Taviseburebebis Sefaseba; ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis survili.

SerCeva:

a) studentebisaTvis

SerCeviTi erToblioba: saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavlebleb-is is studentebi, romlebic:

S1. amTavreben III kurss da 2008-09 wlebSi iqnebian bakala-vriatis damamTavre-beli (me-IV) kursis studentebi.

da S2. swavloben iseT specialobebze, rom potenciurad (sur-

vilisa da Sesabamisi sakvalifikacio gamocdis Cabarebis SemTx-vevaSi) Sansi aqvT, gaxdnen maswavle-blebi.

aseTi specialobebad miCneul iqna:

• sabunebismetyvelo specialobebi: maTematika, fizika, qimia, biologia, geografia;

• humanitaruli specialobebi: filologia (qarTuli, rusuli, inglisuri, germanuli, franguli, azerbaijanuli, somx-uri), istoria;

• fizikuri aRzrda;• musika da saxviTi xelovneba.

SerCevis baza: mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis saministros mier mowodebuli studentebis baza (umaRlesi saswavleblebisa da specialobebis miTiTebiT).

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SerCevis moculoba: 600 dasrulebuli interviu.

SerCevis dizaini: orsafexuriani stratificirebuli SerCeva.

bazis mixedviT, samizne (generaluri) erToblioba Seadgenda 3464 students.

stratifikacia ganxorcielda specialobebis mixedviT. sul gamoiyo 13 strata.

studentebis raodenoba, stratebis mixedviT, ase gamoiyureba (ix. cxrili #1a):

cxrili #1a

Tavdapirvelad SerCevis mTeli moculoba gadanawilda stratebSi, maTSi studentebis raodenobis proporciulad.

SerCevis pirvelad erTeuls (klasters) warmoadgens fakulte-ti. TiToeul SerCeul fakultetze gamoikiTxeba 5 studenti (gar-da musikisa da saxviTi xelovnebis fakultetebisa, sadac, Sesa-bamisad, gamoikiTxeba 2 da 3 studenti). SesarCevi fakultetebis

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raodenoba ganisazRvra strataSi Casatarebeli interviuebis 5-ze gayofiT.

fakultetebis SerCeva ganxorcielda PPS (Probability Propor-tional to Size) meTodiT.

SerCevis meorad erTeuls warmoadgens studenti.

studentebis SerCeva ganxorcielda martivi SemTxveviTi Ser-Cevis saSualebiT. Sedga damatebiTi sia. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu rome-lime SerCeul studentTan intervius Catareba ver moxerxda (kon-taqti ar Sedga an uari ganacxada interviuze), maSin mas Caenacvla imave klasteris studenti damatebiTi siidan.

b) umaRlesi saswvleblis kursdamTavrebulTaTvis

SerCeviTi erToblioba: saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavlebleb-is is kursdamTavrebulebi, romlebmac:

S1. daamTavres bakalavriati 2007 an 2008 wels. da S2. swavlobdnen iseT specialobebze, rom potenciurad

(survilisa da Sesabamisi sakvalifikacio gamocdis Cabarebis SemTxvevaSi) Sansi aqvT, gaxdnen maswavleblebi, magram jer ar muSaoben maswavleblad.

aseT specialobebad miCneul iqna:

• sabunebismetyvelo specialobebi: maTematika, fizika, qimia, biologia, geografia;

• humanitaruli specialobebi: filologia (qarTuli, rusuli, inglisuri, germanuli, franguli, azerbaijanuli, somx-uri), istoria;

• fizikuri aRzrda;• musika da saxviTi xelovneba.

SerCevis baza: mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis saministros mier mowodebuli studentebis baza (umaRlesi saswavleblebisa da specialobis miTiTebiT).

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SerCevis moculoba: 400 dasrulebuli interviu: 200 inter-viu 2007 wels kursdamTavrebulebTan da 200 interviu 2008 wels kursdamTavrebulebTan.

SerCevis dizaini: orsafexuriani stratificirebuli SerCeva.

bazis mixedviT samizne erToblioba Seadgenda 19122 kurs-damTavrebuls.

stratifikacia ganxorcielda specialobebis mixedviT. kurs-damTavrebulTa raodenoba stratebis mixedviT Semdegia (ix. cxrili #1b):

cxrili #1b

SerCeva gakeTda 2007 da 2008 wlebSi kursdamTavrebulebisaT-vis cal-calke.

Tavdapirvelad SerCevis mTeli moculoba gadanawilda stratebSi, maTSi studentebis raodenobis proporciulad.

SerCevis pirvelad erTeuls (klasters) warmoadgens fakulte-ti. TiToeul SerCeul fakultetze gamoikiTxa 5 kursdamTavrebu-li (garda musikisa da saxviTi xelovnebis fakultetebisa, sadac

88

gamoikiTxa 2 an 3 respondenti).

SesarCevi fakultetebis raodenoba ganisazRvra strataSi Casatarebeli interviuebis 5-ze gayofiT.

fakultetebis SerCeva ganxorcielda PPS (Probability Propor-tional to Size) meTodiT.

SerCevis meorad erTeuls warmoadgens studenti.

respondentebis SerCeva ganxorcielda martivi SemTxveviTi SerCevis saSualebiT.

Sedga damatebiTi sia. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu romelime SerCeul respondentTan intervius Catareba ver moxerxda (kontaqti ar Sedga an uari ganacxada interviuze), maSin mas Caenacvla imave klasteris respondenti damatebiTi siidan.

sabolood, SerCevis moculobebi stratebSi Semdegnairad gad-anawilda (ix. cxrili #1g):

cxrili #1g

SerCevis dizaini mocemulia cxrilebSi: ##2a,2b, regionebisa da umaRlesi saswavleblebis mixedviT:

89

cxrili #2a

cxrili #2b

90

I. saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare re-formebis Sefaseba

saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis Sesax-eb studentebisa da kursdamTavrebulebis informirebulobis xarisxi, maTive subieqturi TviTSefasebiT, praqtikulad erTnair-ia _ orive jgufis umravlesoba (60%-mde) acxadebs, rom sakmaris informacias flobs reformebis Sesaxeb. saerTo jamSi, kargad informirebulTa (maTive TviTSefasebidan gamomdinare) xvedriTi wili, orive jgufSi, mniSvnelovnad (orjer da ufro metad) sWar-bobs cudad informirebulTa xvedriT wils (ix. diagrama #1):

diagrama #1

orive samizne jgufis didi umravlesoba aRiarebs, rom gatare-bulma reformebma xeli Seuwyo saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi. uaryofiTad respondentTa mxolod mcire raodenoba afasebs (ix. diagrama #2):

ramdenad sruli informacia gaqvT bolo wlebSi saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis

Sesaxeb?

29.6

1.7

9.2

59.3

2.010.2

58.5

29.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

maqvs sruliinformacia

maqvs sakmarisiinformacia

maqvs mwiriinformacia

informaciasaerTod ar

maqvs

studentebi kursdamTavrebulebi

91

diagrama #2

rac Seexeba bolo wlebSi ganaTlebis sferoSi gatarebuli konkretuli reformistuli cvlilebebis Sefasebas, respondent-Ta aSkara mxardaWeras (orive samizne jgufSi) imsaxurebs Sem-degi cvlilebebi:

• erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis SemoReba (am cvlilebas yve-laze didi mxardaWera aqvs);

• skolebSi sameurveo sabWoebis Seqmna;• skolebis dafinansebis vauCerul sistemaze gadasvla.

ufro dadebiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva, agreTve, skolebisaT-vis axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis Seqmna.

rogor imoqmeda gatarebulma reformebma saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebaze saqarTveloSi?

14.7

3.09.5

18.9

60.3

1.2

8.7

16.9

55.8

10.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

mniSvnelovnadSeuwyo xeli

ufro xeli Seuwyo,vidre SeuSala

ufro xeli SeuSala,vidre Seuwyo

mniSvnelovnadSeuSala xeli

miWirs pasuxisgacema

studentebi kursdamTavrebulebi

92

respondentTa gamokveTilad uaryofiTi Sefaseba (orive sam-izne jgufSi) wilad xvda 12 wliani saSualo ganaTlebis SemoRe-bas. uaryofiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva skolis direqtorTa Ser-Cevis axali wesic.

rogorc studentebis, ise kursdamTavrebulebis azri gaiyo axali saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT: erT nawils es saxelmZRvaneloebi moswons, xolo meore, Sedare-biT mcire nawils _ ara.

Sedegebi ufro detalurad mocemulia cxrilSi #:3:

cxrili #3

orive jgufis respondentebs erTmaneTisTvis unda Seedare-binaT saSualo da umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoebSi Catarebuli cvlilebebi da aReniSnaT, romeli sferos reformireba aRmoCnda ufro warmatebuli. am sakiTze respondentTa poziciebi (orive jgufSi) araerTgvarovania. SeimCneva jgufebis Tvalsazrisebs Soris gansxvavebac. kerZod, yoveli mesame gamokiTxuli studenti

93

miiCnevs, rom ufro warmatebuli aRmoCnda umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi gatarebuli cvlilebebi. es pozicia am jgufSi ufro gamokveTilia. rac Seexeba kursdamTavrebulebs, am pozicias im-denive momxre hyavs, ramdenic alternatiul mosazrebas, romlis Tanaxmadac, orive sferoSi gatarebuli cvlilebebi erTnairad warmatebulia. orive sferoSi cvlilebebis warumateblobaze gamokiTxulTa mxolod mcire raodenoba miuTiTebs (ix. cxrili #4):

cxrili #4

II. damokidebuleba maswavlebelTa serti-ficirebis mimarT

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom maswavlebelTa sertificire-ba1 orive samizne jgufis respondentebi saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformis aucilebel etapad miiCneven. metic: gamokiTxulTa mniSvnelovani raodenoba Tvlis, rom 2010 wlisT-vis sertificirebis dagegmva dagvianebulic kia. am procesis ga-dadebas an saerTod mis arCatarebas gamokiTxulTa mcire nawili uWers mxars (ix. diagrama #3):

94

diagrama #3

maswavlebelTa sertificirebis mimarT respondentTa aSkara mxardaWera dadasturda gamokiTxvis sxva monacemebiTac:

• rogorc studentTa, ise kursdamTavrebulTa gamokveTili um-ravlesoba miiCnevs, rom sertificireba savaldebulo unda iyos maswavleblebisTvis;

• respondentTa umravlesobaSi erTsulovnebaa imasTan dakav-SirebiTac, rom sertificirebagavlil maswavleblebs mieceT priv-ilegiebi (mag. gaezardoT xelfasi da sxv.).

rogoria Tqveni damokidebuleba maswavlebelTa sertificirebis (2010 wlisTvis) mimarT?

6.5

7.4

8.2

31.2

46.7

8.9

4.7

49.9

26.1

10.4

serTificireba 2010wlisTvis

dagvianebulia

serTificireba 2010wlisTvis drouli

da aucilebelia

serTificirebasaWiroa, oRond ara

am etapze

serTificirebissaWiroebas saerTod

ver vxedav

miWirs pasuxis gacema studentebi kursdamTavrebulebi

1 rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro 2010 wels iwyebs mas-wavlebelTa sertificirebas. 2010-dan 2014 wlis CaTvliT, sertificireba iqneba nebayoflobiTi, xolo Semdeg _ savaldebulo. amasTan, maswavleblebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba, ramdenjerme gavidnen gamocdebze.

95

is, rasac gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba (orive jgufSi) ar eTanx-meba, esaa maswavlebelTaTvis, Tu isini sertificirebas ver gaiv-lian, skolaSi muSaobis akrZalva (Tumca, aseT simkacres mainc yoveli mesame gamokiTxuli iziarebs). respondentebi ufro metad ixrebian imisken, rom sertificirebagauvlel maswavleblebs mieceT skolaSi muSaobis ufleba, Tu mocemul saganSi pedagogis vakansia skolaSi ver Seivso.

ufro detalurad Sedegebi ix. cxrilSi #5:

cxrili #5

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III. saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis problemebi; maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi

3.1. saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis problemebi

saSualo ganaTlebis sistemaSi arsebul problemebs Soris pirveli adgili uWiravs maswavlebelTa dabali anazRaurebis problemas. amaze, rogorc studentTa, ise kursdamTavrebulTa gamokveTili umravlesoba miuTiTebs.

sxva problemaTa Soris met-naklebad gamoikveTa:

• skolebSi disciplinis moSla;• maswavlebelTa dabali kvalifikacia;• moswavleTa dabali motivacia swavlisaTvis;• mwiri materialur-teqnikuri baza.

sainteresoa, rom kursdamTavrebulTa jgufSi (studentebisa-gan gansxvavebiT) skolebSi korufciis problemis arsebobazec gaamaxviles yuradReba.

problemaTa sruli CamonaTvali mocemulia cxrilSi #6:

cxrili #6

97

SeniSvna: respondentebs miewodaT problemebis CamonaTvali, saidanac maT SeeZloT amoerCiaT sami, maTi azriT, yvelaze mniS-vnelovani problema. swored amitom, pasuxTa procentuli jami 100%-s aWarbebs.

respondentebi (orive jgufSi) sakmaris optimizms amJRavneben imasTan dakavSirebiT, moxdeba Tu ara saSualo ganaTlebis winaSe mdgari zemoaRniSnuli problemebis gadaWra uaxloes wlebSi. dominanturi pozicia am SemTxvevaSi isaa, rom uaxloes wlebSi problemebis mxolod nawilis gadaWra moxerxdeba. ukiduresad optimistur (`uaxloes wlebSi yvela problema gadaiWreba~) da, gansakuTrebiT, pesimistur prognozebs (`viTareba ar Seicvleba~, an `viTareba gauaresdeba~) respondentebi naklebad akeTeben. (ix. diagrama #4):

diagrama #4

moxdeba Tu ara saSualo ganaTlebis problemebisgadaWra uaxloes wlebSi?

6.4

1.0

7.5

18.8

66.3

6.0

1.7

70.7

14.6

6.9

uaxloes wlebSi yvela problemagadaiWreba

uaxloes wlebSi problemebis nawiligadaiWreba

problemebi problemebadve darCebada viTareba ar Seicvleba

problemebi gaRrmavdeba da viTarebagauaresdeba

miWirs pasuxis gacema studentebi

kursdamTavrebulebi

98

3.2. maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi

orive samizne jgufma skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis Ziri-Tad upiratesobebad (romelTa gamoc vinmem, SesaZloa, es profesia airCios) daasaxela:

• bavSvebTan/axalgazrdebTan muSaoba;• stabiluri samuSao;• meti Tavisufali dro ojaxisaTvis.

aRsaniSnavia, rom Zalze mcirea respondentTa is nawili (orive samizne jgufSi), romelic fiqrobs, rom skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobas aranairi upiratesoba ara aqvs.

detalurad Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilSi #:7

cxrili #7

SeniSvna: respondentebs SeeZloT daesaxelebinaT ori upi-ratesoba; aqedan gamomdinare, pasuxTa procentuli jami 100%-s aWarbebs.

99

gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom skolis pedagogoba, respondentTa um-ravlesobisaTvis, ar aris swavlaSi da saqmeSi xelmocarul-Ta `TavSesafari~. piriqiT, maTi azriT, skolaSi maswavleblobas ufro is kursdamTavrebulebi iwyeben, vinc umaRles saswavlebel-Si gamorCeuli studenti iyo da rom maswavlebloba warmatebuli adamianebis Segnebuli arCevania (ix. cxrili #8):

cxrili #:8

ismis kiTxva: aris Tu ara pedagogobis yvela is zemoaRniSnu-li xibli, razec respondentebi miuTiTeben, sakmarisi safuZveli imisTvis, rom maT sakuTari ojaxis wevrisaTvis maswavlebloba isurvon, sxva saqmianobis dawyebis sanacvlod? rogorc gamokiTx-vis Sedegebi aCvenebs _ ara. aq saqme gvaqvs erTgvar kognitur disonansTan, romelic SeiZleba ase aRiweros: maswavlebloba kargi profesiaa, magram arc imdenad, rom is sasurvel saqmianobad miviCnioT. es niSnavs, rom respondentebisTvis skolis pedagogoba pozitiuri simboluri xatia, Tumca, rogorc ki es xati realobas (anu, sakuTar gamocdilebas) `exeba~, misi dadebiTi Sinaarsi fer-mkrTaldeba (ix. cxrili #9):

100

cxrili #9

is, rom respondentebi realurad maswavleblis profesias ar aRiqvamen, rogorc konkurenturnarians, sxva profesiebTan Sedare-biT, dasturdeba gamokiTxvis im monacemebiT, romlebic, respon-dentTa TvalsazrisiT, sxvadasxva profesiaTa prestiJulobas gansazRvravs.

yvelaze prestiJul profesiaTa sia, studentTa da kurs-

damTavrebulTa azriT, ase gamoiyureba:

• eqimi;• biznesis administratori;• Jurnalisti;• mosamarTle;• umaRlesi saswavleblis pedagogi.yvelaze araprestiJul profesiebad respondentebma miiCnies

xelosnoba da baRis maswavlebloba2.

rac Seexeba skolis maswavleblobas, es profesia, orive jgu-fis respondentTa SefasebiT, prestiJulobis velSi moxvda. Tumca, misi reitingi 15 CamoTvlil profesias Soris me-10 adgils ikavebs da ufro dabali aRmoCnda, vidre, magaliTad, iseTi profesiebis, rogoricaa, sportsmenoba da msaxioboba.

Sedegebi detalurad mocemulia cxrilSi #10:

101

cxrili #10

SeniSvna: profesiaTa prestiJuloba Sefasebulia 5 qulian ska-laze, sadac cifri 1 aRniSnavs `yvelaze araprestiJuls~, xolo 5 _ `yvelaze prestiJuls~. skalis neitraluri punqtia 3. profe-siebi, romelTa reitingi <3-ze, araprestiJulobis velSi Tavsdeba, xolo, romelTa reitingi >3-ze _ prestiJulobis velSi.

2 respondentebma, mocemuli CamonaTvalis mixedviT, gansazRvres profesiaTa prestiJulobis done. profesiaTa sia Sedga imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mas moecva saqmianobis sxvadasxva sfero da tipi.

102

IV. skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebis survili; maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebis damate-

biTi pirobebi; maswavlebloba versus sxva saqmianoba

4.1. maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebis survili

SekiTxvaze: `gsurT Tu ara skolaSi maswavleblad muSao-bis dawyeba?~ _ studentebma da kursdamTavrebulebma gansxvave-bulad upasuxes. studentebis umravlesoba skolaSi muSaobis survils ar gamoxatavs, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa survilebi, am mimarTulebiT, gayofilia. aseTi sxvaoba unda aixsnas im gare-moebiT, rom studentebi, jerjerobiT, ar damdgaran samuSao adg-ilebis Sovnis sirTuleebis winaSe. amdenad, maTi survilebi am mimarTulebiT ufro `Tavisufalia~. rac Seexeba kursdamTavre-bulebs, isini ufro metad acnobiereben umuSevrobis saSiSroebas da, Sesabamisad, ufro metad `ufrTxildebian~ SesaZlo samuSao adgilebs (miT ufro, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom gamokiTxul kurs-damTavrebulTaASoris 80%-ze meti umuSevaria).

konkretuli Sedegebi mocemulia diagramaze #5

diagrama #5

gsurT Tu ara skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobisdawyeba?

miWirs pasuxis

gacema, 4.4

ar msurs / ufro ar

msurs, 53.6

msurs / ufro

msurs, 42.0

miWirs pasuxis

gacema, 3.0

ar msurs / ufro ar

msurs, 47.4

msurs / ufro

msurs, 49.6

studentebi

kursdamTavrebulebi

3 damwyebi maswavleblis sruli ganakveTi moicavs 18 saaTian datvirTvas kviraSi.

103

aris Tu ara sakmarisi maswavleblad muSaobis survili imis-aTvis, rom respondnetebi daTanxmdnen muSaobis dawyebas im xel-fasiT (170 lari), rac damwyebi maswavleblis Tviur anazRaurebas Seadgens srul ganakveTze3?

rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, respondentTa mzao-ba maswavleblobisTvis am SemTxvevaSi kidev ufro iklebs da orive jgufis umravlesoba uars acxadebs am xelfasiT muSaobis dawyebaze (es uari zogjer principulia (`ar davTanxmdebodi~), xolo zogjer _ naklebad principuli (`albaT ar davTanxmde-bodi~). samizne jgufebs Soris mcire gansxvaveba mainc SeimCneva: maTi xvedriTi wili, vinc zemoaRniSnuli anazRaurebiT maswavle-blobas emxroba , kursdamTavrebulTaASoris ufro metia, vidre studentTa Soris. savaraudoa, rom am SemTxvevaSic igive mizezi moqmedebs, razec zemoT iyo saubari (ix. diagram #6):

diagrama #6

daTanxmdebodiT Tu ara damwyebi maswavleblisxelfasiT (170 l. TveSi) skolaSi muSaobis dawyebas?

4.9

40.0

18.616.819.8

4.2

40.7

17.9

23.3

13.9

davTanxmdebodi albaT,davTanxmdebodi

albaT, ardavTanxmdebodi

ardavTanxmdebodi

miWirs pasuxisgacema

studentebi kursdamTavrebulebi

104

* * *sainteresoa erTi garemoeba: studentTa da kursdamTavreb-

ulTa mTel SerCevaSi arsebul ganawilebasTan SedarebiT, icv-leba Tu ara im respondentTa socialur-demografiuli suraTi, romlebic Tanaxma arian skolaSi muSaoba 170 lariani xelfasiT daiwyon?

gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT, socialur-demografiuli max-asiaTeblebi, romlebic sayuradRebo gansxvavebas iwveven, Semdegia: sqesi, umaRlesi saswavlebeli, specialoba, akademiuri moswreba da dasaqmebis statusi. kerZod:

• 170 lariani xelfasiT skolaSi muSaobis msurvelTa So-ris qalebis raodenoba matulobs, xolo mamakacebis, piriqiT, mcirdeba (mTel SerCevaSi arsebul ganawilebasTan Sedare-biT);

• am xelfasiT maswavleblobis dawyebis msurvelTa So-ris izrdeba pedagogiuri profilis umaRlesi saswavlebleb-is (ilia WavWavaZis sax. saxelmwifo universiteti, Telavis saxelmwifo universiteti, axlacixis instituti, quTaisis akaki wereTlis saxelobis universiteti) respondentTa (Zir-iTadad, studentTa) xvedriTi wili; piriqiT, am xelfasiT maswavleblobis msurvelTa Soris mcirdeba Tsu-s rogorc studentebis, ise kursdamTavrebulebis, stu-sa da soxumis universitetis studentebis xvedriTi wili.

• aRniSnuli anazRaurebiT maswavleblobis msurveleb-Si aSkarad izrdeba dawyebiTi ganaTlebis specialobis re-spondentTa raodenoba. matulobs, agreTve, qarTuli enisa da literaturis specialobis respondentTa ricxvic, rasac ver vityviT, vTqvaT, sabunebismetyvelo specialobebis responden-tebze.

• am anazRaurebiT maswavleblobis dawyebis msurvelTa Soris saSualo ganaTlebis respondentebs SedarebiT nak-lebad vxvdebiT.

• cxadia, am anazRaurebiT pedagogobis msurvelTa Soris umuSevar respondentTa xvedriTi wili, saerTo ganawile-basTan SedarebiT, aSkarad matulobs.

105

Sedegebi detalurad ix. cxrilSi #11:

cxrili #11

SeniSvnebi:

• cxrilSi mocemulia mxolod is maxasiaTeblebi, rom-lebic statistikurad mniSvnelovania saerTo SerCevaSi ar-sebul ganawilebasTan gansxvavebis TvalsazrisiT. amdenad, garkveul maxasiaTeblebTan (umaRlesi saswavlebeli, specia-loba) dakavSirebiT, pasuxTa procentuli jami 100%-s ar Seadgens.

106

• mocemul cxrilSi erTmaneTTan Sesadareblad aRebu-lia ori erToblioba: a) studentTa da kursdamTavrebulTa mTeli SerCeva (600 studenti da 400 studenti) da b) isini, vinc 170 lariani xelfasiT skolaSi muSaobaze Tanaxmani arian. ase rom, vTqvaT, cxrilSi mocemuli monacemi, rom (b) kategoriis studentTa Soris 30.8% ucxo enis pedagogebi arian, cxadia, ar niSnavs imas, rom ucxo enis specialobis studentTa 30.8% am xelfasiT skolaSi wamsvlelia. Tu am raodenobas mTeli SerCevisTvis daviTvliT, ucxo enis spe-cialobis mqone studentTa xvedriTi wili iqneba 5.2%.

4.2. maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebis damatebiTi pirobebi

orive jgufis im respondentebs, romlebsac ar gamouTqvamT principuli Tanxmoba skolaSi 170 larad maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebaze (anu, maT, vinc upasuxes: `albaT davTanxmdebodi~, `al-baT ar davTanxmdebodi“ da „ar davTanxmdebodi“), SesaZlebloba hqondaT, Ria SekiTxvaSi gamoexataT TavianTi pozicia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra iqneboda is minimaluri anazRaureba, romlis SemTxveva-Sic skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobas daiwyebdnen. respondentTa Tvalsazrisebi ase ganawilda (ix. cxrili #12):

cxrili #12

SeniSvna: cxrilSi monacemebi daTvlilia ara mTeli SerCevi-dan4, aramed respondentTa im raodenobidan, romelmac SekiTxvaze: „daTanxmdebodiT Tu ara damwyebi maswavleblis xelfasiT (170 lari) skolaSi muSaobaze?“ _ ar upasuxa „davTanxmdebodi“.

107

respondentTa mzaoba gazrdili anazRaurebis pirobebSi sko-laSi muSaobis dasawyebad, sxvadasxva finansuri intervalis mixedviT, ase ganawilda (ix. diagramebi ##7,8):

diagrama #7

minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblad muSaobis dasawyebad

studentebi

80%85%

88%

93% 93%98%

100%

67%

48%

25%

12%

8%

0% 1%

9%

39%

19%

13%

5%2%

5%

0%

4%2%

6%3% 3%

1%3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

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0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

4 mTeli SerCeva, anu a) 600 studenti da b) 400 kursdamTavrebuli.

108

diagrama #8

SeniSvnebi diagramebisTvis ##7,8:

1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia respondentTa is raodenoba, romelmac SekiTxvaze: „daiwyebdiT Tu ara skolaSi muSaobas damwyebi maswavleblis xelfasiT (170 lari) ?“ _ daasaxela gansazRvruli Tanxa (aseTia studentebis mTeli SerCevis 63.2%, xolo kursdamTavrebulebis mTeli SerCevis 53.4%).

2. lurj svetebSi respondentTa is raodenoba, romel-mac gansazRvruli Tanxa daasaxela, war-modgenilia, rogorc calke erToblioba (100%) da pasuxebi gadanawilebulia am erTobliobis SigniT.

3. rux svetebze gamoxatuli procentebi aRwers respon-dentTa im jamur xvedriT wils, romelic, Sesabamisi fin-ansuri anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavleblad muSaobaze daTanxmdeba.

minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblad muSaobis dasawyebad

kursdamTavrebulebi

78%

84%87%

90% 92%95%

100%

61%

42%

21%

11% 10%

1%3%

36%

19%17%

6%3% 3%

2%3%

5%4% 3%

2%2% 2%

6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

200laramde

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0%

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15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

109

4.3. maswavlebloba versus sxva saqmianoba

ismis kiTxva: ramdenad orientirebulia skolaSi muSaoba-ze samizne jgufebis is nawili, romelic, arsebuli Tu ukeTesi anazRaurebis pirobebSi, ar gamoricxavs skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebas (anu, es is nawilia, romelic ar irCevs pozi-cias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar daviwyebdi skolaSi muSaobas “)? rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, am poziciazea studentebis 11.2% da kursdamTavrebulebis - 8.3%.

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom am kategoriis studentebis 40.4%_isTvis, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa 38.9%-isTvis maswavle-bloba ar aris prioritetuli saqmianoba da mas siamovnebiT an umtkivneulod Caanacvlebdnen sxva, imave rangis da anazRaurebis samsaxuriT.

110

Mmaswavleblobas, imave rangis da anazRaurebis sxva samsax-urTan SedarebiT, met-naklebad prioritetulad Tvlis maswavle-blobis mimarT loialurad ganwyobili studentebis 44.3%, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa 48.6% (ix. diagrama #9):

diagrama #9

SeniSvna: diagramaze monacemebi daTvlilia ara mTeli Ser-Cevidan, aramed samizne jgufebis im raodenobidan, romelic ar irCevs pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar daviwyebdi skolaSi muSaobas“.

Tu, maswavleblobis garda, SemogTavavzeben sxva, met-naklebad saintereso, samsaxurs igive anazRaurebiT,

daTanxmdebodiT Tu ara?

15.3

19.8

24.5

11.7

28.7

12.4

21.6

29.2

9.7

27.0

aucilebladdavTanxmdebodi

albaT,davTanxmdebodi

albaT, ardavTanxmdebodi

araviTarSemTxvevaSi ar

davTanxmdebodi

miWirs pasuxisgacema

studentebi kursdamTavrebulebi

111

ra daskvna SeiZleba gamovitanoT am monacemebidan (igulisxmeba diagrama #9)?

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maswavleblobis kandidatTa xvedriTi wili, orive samizne jgufSi, kidev ufro gamoikveTa: studentTa Soris (mTeli SerCevis gaTvaliswinebiT) 39.3%, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa Soris _ 44.5% SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc maswavleblobis potenciur kandidatTa baza.

meore mxriv, rogorc monacemebi aCvenebs, studentTa am nawilidan mxolod 17.6% gamoxatavs maswavleblad dasaqmebis principul survils (es praq-tikulad is raodenobaa, romelic pedagogobaze arsebuli anazRaurebis pirobebSic Tanxmdeba). studentTa darCenili nawili (21.7%) maswavle-blobas sxva saqmianobasTan SedarebiT prioritetulad miiCnevs, Tumca, ara ualternativod. (rogorc irkveva, es is nawilia, romelic maswavle-blobaze mxolod gazrdili anazRaurebis pirobebSi Tanxmdeba).

rac Seexeba kursdamTavrebulebs (romlebic maswavleblobis met-nakle-bad realur kandidatebad moazrebian), maTgan mxolod 19.7%-ia maswavle-blobaze principulad orientirebuli, xolo 24.8% maswavleblobas pri-oritetulad miiCnevs, Tumca, ara ualternativo saqmianobad (maT Soris absolutur umravlesobas isini Seadgenen, vinc maswavleblad muSaobas mxolod gazrdili anazRaurebis pirobebSi daTanxmdeba).

maSasadame, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom studentebis da kursdamTavrebulebis dRes arsebul nakadSi maswavleblad dasaqmebisTvis yvelaze realuri raodenoba studentebs Soris aris TiTqmis 18%, xolo kursdamTavrebu-lebs Soris _ TiTqmis 20%. es maCveneblebi orive jgufisaTvis SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad gaizardos (maqsimaluri Teoriuli zRvari studentTa So-ris 40%-mdea, xolo kursdamTavrebulTaA Soris _ 45%-mde). amis mTavar pi-robas, rogorc iTqva, minimaluri xelfasis 300%-mde gazrda warmoadgens.

gamokiTxvis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda respondentTa im nawilis gamovlena, visTvisac maswavlebloba upirvelesi prior-itetia da mas sxva profesiaSi ar gacvlian. indikatorad gamoyen-ebul iqna respondentebis gadawyvetileba, Tu ras airCeven isini _ maswavleblobas Tu met-naklebad sainterso sxva samsaxurs ukeTesi anazRaurebiT.

112

unda aRiniSnos isic, rom am arCevanis winaSe dadgnen is re-spondentebi, romlebic ar gamoricxaven skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobas? (anu, es is nawilia, romelic ar iziarebs pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar daviwyebdi skolaSi muSao-bas.“).

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom maswavleblobis mimarT loialurad ganwyobili respondentebis _ rogorc studentebis, ise kursdamTavrebulebis _ mxolod mcire nawili amJRavnebs principul erTgulebas skolis pedagogis saqmianobis mimarT. studentebs Soris pozicias _ „araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar davTanxm-debodi sxva samsaxurs ukeTesi anazRaurebiT“ _ irCevs 4.5%, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa Soris 3.5.%. maswavleblobis aseT „upirobo siyvarulTan“ siaxloves amJRavnebs damatebiT respondentTa is nawili, vinc irCevs pozicias: „albaT ar davTanxmdebodi sxva sam-saxurs ukeTesi anazRaurebiT“ (ix. diagrama #10):

diagrama #10

SeniSvna: diagramaze monacemebi daTvlilia ara mTeli Ser-Cevidan, aramed samizne jgufebis im raodenobidan, romelic ar irCevs pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar daviwyebdi skolaSi muSaobas.“.

Tu, maswavleblobis garda, SemogTavavzeben sxva, met-naklebad saintereso, samsaxurs ukeTesi anazRaurebiT, daTanxmdebodiT Tu ara?

7.54.56.4

43.038.5

10.0

3.5

31.6

48.9

5.9

aucilebladdavTanxmdebodi

albaT,davTanxmdebodi

albaT, ardavTanxmdebodi

araviTarSemTxvevaSi ar

davTanxmdebodi

miWirs pasuxisgacema

studentebi kursdamTavrebulebi

113

Tu diagramaze mocemul maCveneblebs samizne jgufebis mTeli SerCevisTvis daviTvliT, aRmoCndeba, rom maswavleblobis „Tav-gadakluli“ msurvelebi studentTa arsebul nakadSi mxolod 4.0%-ia, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa Soris _ 3.2%. met-naklebad ase-Tive ganwyobisaa damatebiT studentebis 5.6% da kursdamTavreb-ulebis 5.5%.

4.4. maswavlebloba arakomfortul (an, „eqstremalur“) pirobebSi

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom orive jgufis im respon-dentTa gamokveTili umravlesoba (65%-ze meti), romlebic gad-aWriT ar ewinaaRmdegebian skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis daw-yebas (anu, ar irCeven pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar daviwyebdi skolaSi muSaobas.), maswavleblad wasvlaze ar Tanxmdeba, Tu amisTvis sakuTari sacsovrebeli adgilis Secvla mouwevs. aseT „msxverpls“ umtkivneulod gaiRebda studentTa mx-olod 10.6% da kursdamTavrebulTa 13.8%.

Sedegebi detalurad ix. diagramaze #11:

diagrama #11

daiwyebdiT Tu ara maswavleblad muSaobas im skolaSi, romelic Tqvengan sacxovrebeli adgilis

Secvlas iTxovs?

5.8

46.8

20.6

10.6

16.2

6.2

44.6

15.113.8

20.3

daviwyebdi yvelaSemTxvevaSi

albaT,daviwyebdi

albaT, ardaviwyebdi

ar daviwyebdi miWirs pasuxisgacema

studentebi kursdamTavrebulebi

114

SeniSvna: diagramaze monacemebi daTvlilia ara mTeli Ser-Cevidan, aramed samizne jgufebis im raodenobidan, romelic ar irCevs pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar daviwyebdi skolaSi muSaobas“.

rogorc irkveva, anazRaurebis faqtorma, SesaZloa, mniS-vnelovnad Secvalos im respondentebis ganwyoba, romlebsac ar surT maswavleblobisTvis sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvla. kerZod, TveSi 780 laramde minimaluri anazRaurebis pirobebSi, aseT studentTa 57.4% Tanxmdeba maswavleblad muSaobis dawye-bas sxva sacxovrebel adgilas. igives gaakeTebda am kategoriis kursdamTavrebulTa 61.1%, Tu minimaluri anazRaureba TveSi 830 laramde iqneboda

detaluri monacemebi ix. cxrilSi #13:

cxrili #13

SeniSvna: cxrilSi monacemebi daTvlilia samizne jgufebis ara mTeli SerCevidan, aramed im raodenobidan, romelic:

a) ar irCevs pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar daviwyebdi skolaSi muSaobas“;

b) SekiTxvaze: ̀ daiwyebdiT Tu ara maswavleblobas im skolaSi, romelic Tqvengan sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlas iTxovs?~ - ar pasuxobs `daviwyebdi~.

115

sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi, respondentTa mzaoba maswavleblobisaTvis, sxvadasxva finansuri intervalis mixedviT, ase ganawilda (ix. diagramebi ##12,13):

diagrama #12

minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblobisaTvis, sacxovrebeliadgilis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi

studentebi

43%

54%63%

69% 70%

87%

100%

19%

9%

3%5%

11%

1%

6%

1%

7%

10%

24%

9%

6%

1%

17%

13%

1%

5%

3%4%

8%

11%

0%

10%

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100%

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25%

116

minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblobisaTvis, sacxovrebeliadgilis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi

kursdamTavrebulebi

37%48%

57%

70%73%

86%

100%

18%

8%

3%

5%

9%

1%

7%

2%

7%

10%

18%

11%

13% 14% 14%

1%

5%6%

5%

7%

9%

2%

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12%

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16%

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20%

diagrama #13

SeniSvnebi diagramebisTvis ##12,13:

1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia respondentTa is raodenoba, romelmac SekiTxvaze: „ram-dens unda Seadgendes minimaluri anazRaureba imisTvis, rom daTanxmdeT maswavleblad muSao-bas sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi?“ _ daasaxe-la gansazRvruli Tanxa (aseTia studentebis 45.1%, xolo kursdamTavrebulebis 48.7%).

2. lurj svetebSi respondentTa is raodenoba, romel-mac gansazRvruli Tanxa daasax-ela, warmodgenilia, rogorc calke erToblioba (100%) da pasuxebi gadanawilebu-lia am erTobliobis SigniT.

3. rux svetebze gamoxatuli procentebi aRwers respon-dentTa im jamur xvedriT wils, romelic, garkveuli fin-ansuri anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavleblad muSaobaze daTanxmdeba.

117

kidev ufro mcirea studentebis da kursdamTavrebulebis mzaoba maswavleblad muSaobisaTvis maSin, Tu maT pedagogoba rTuli klimaturi pirobebis da mouwyobeli sacxovrebeli ga-remos (ugzooba, ugazoba da a.S.) viTarebaSi mouwevT. Tumca, am SemTxvevaSic ki, mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rTuli sacxovrebeli gare-mo respondentebs sakuTar regionSi xvdebaT, Tu _ sxva regionSi. sakuTar regionSi rTul klimatur sacxovrebel pirobebSi mas-wavleblobis msurveli Zalian cotaa, xolo sxva regionSi, praq-tikulad, ar arsebobs.

Sedegebi detalurad mocemulia diagramebze ##14,15:

diagrama #14

daiwyebdiT Tu ara maswavleblad muSaobas Tqveni regionis im nawilSi, romelic rTuli klimaturi da

sacxovrebeli pirobebiT gamoirCeva?

7.5

50.014.3

4.3

23.8

54.1

6.2

17.3

17.8

4.6daviwyebdi

albaT,daviwyebdi

albaT, ardaviwyebdi

ar daviwyebdi

miWirs pasuxisgacema

studentebi kursdamTavrebulebi

118

diagrama #15

SeniSvna: diagramebze monacemebi daTvlilia ara mTeli Ser-Cevidan, aramed samizne jgufebis im raodenobidan, romelic ar irCevs pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ardaviwyebdi skolaSi muSaobas“.

icvleba Tu ara respondentTa mzaoba maSin, rodesac saqmeSi anazRaurebis faqtori erTveba? gamokiTxva aCvenebs, rom rTul klimatur da sacxovrebel garemoSi maswavleblobis mimarT met-naklebad skeptikurad ganwyobil respondentTa (orive jgufSi) Soris:

a) sul mcire, yoveli meore5 Seicvlida pozicias da sakuTari regionis rTul pirobebSi daiwyebda maswavleblobas, Tu mini-maluri anazRaureba iqneboda, daaxloebiT, 820 lari (studentebis azriT) an 900 lari (kursdamTavrebulebis azriT);

b) sul mcire, yoveli mesame6 daTanxmdeboda sxva regionis rTul pirobebSi maswavleblobas, Tu minimaluri anazRaureba

daiwyebdiT Tu ara maswavleblad muSaobas sxva regionSi, romelic rTuli klimaturi da

sacxovrebeli pirobebiT gamoirCeva?

5.5

73.612.1

1.7

7.2

74.1

3.8

13.2

6.2

2.7daviwyebdi

albaT,daviwyebdi

albaT, ardaviwyebdi

ar daviwyebdi

miWirs pasuxisgacema

studentebi kursdamTavrebulebi

119

iqneboda daaxloebiT 1230 lari (studentebi), an _ 1310 laramde (kursdamTavrebulebi).

sakuTar an sxva regionSi rTulis sacxovrebeli garemos pi-

robebSi respondentTa mzaoba maswavleblobisaTvis, sxvadasxva finansuri intervalis mixedviT, ase ganawilda (ix. diagramebi ##16,17,18,19):

5 rTul pirobebSi muSaobis mimarT skeptikurad ganwyobili studentebis 54.8% da kursdamTavreb-ulebis 53.3%. 6 rTul pirobebSi muSaobis mimarT skeptikurad ganwyobili studentebis 37.4% da kursdamTavreb-ulebis 35.0%.

120

diagrama #16

diagrama #17

minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblobisaTvis, rTulisacxovrebeli garemos pirobebSi (sakuTar regionSi)

studentebi

38%

47%

58%

67% 68%

85%

100%

21%

11%

4%5%

8%7%

2%

9%10%

17%

9%

12%

9%

17%

15%

0.3%1%

4% 4%

5%

8%

0.7%

0%

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16%

18%

20%

minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblobisaTvis, rTulisacxovrebeli garemos pirobebSi (sxva regionSi)

studentebi

2% 6%

100%

62%

44%41%

31%

20%

14%3%

8%6%

10%

3%

18%

3% 6%

4% 3%2%0.8% 1%

12%

1%

38%

11%

2%

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121

minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblobisaTvis, rTulisacxovrebeli garemos pirobebSi (sakuTar regionSi)

kursdamTavrebulebi

40%

46%

57%

70%73%

84%

100%

20%

7%

3%

6%

10%

1%

7%6%

13%

21%

6%

10%

13%

3%

12%

16%

0.3%

3%

6%5%

6%

1%

0%

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25%

minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblobisaTvis, rTulisacxovrebeli garemos pirobebSi (sxva regionSi)

kursdamTavrebulebi

3%

100%

68%

49%46%

36%

23%

14%1%

3%

1%

10%

3%

11%9%

13%

10%

3%

19%

32%

6%4% 3%3%

0%

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diagrama #18

diagrama #19

122

SeniSvnebi diagramebisTvis ##16,17,18,19:

1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia respondentTa is raodenoba, romelmac SekiTxvaze: „ramdeni unda iyos minimaluri anaz-Raureba, rom maswavleblad daiwyoT muSaoba Tqvens/sxva re-gionSi rTuli sacxovrebeli garemos pirobebSi?“ _ daasaxe-la gansazRvruli Tanxa (aseTia studentebis 46.5% (sakuTari regioni) da 32.4% (sxva regioni), xolo kursdamTavrebulebis 46.7% (sakuTari regioni) da 31.5% (sxva regioni)).

2. lurj svetebSi respondentTa is raodenoba, romel-mac gansazRvruli Tanxa daasaxela, warmodgenilia, rogorc calke erToblioba (100%) da pasuxebi gadanawilebulia am erTobliobis SigniT.

3. rux svetebze gamoxatuli procentebi aRwers respon-dentTa im jamur xvedriT wils, romelic, garkveuli fin-ansuri anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavleblad muSaobaze daTanxmdeba.

V. ganaTlebis magistraturis Taviseburebebis Sefaseba; ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis

survili; sasurveli minimaluri xelfasebi

5.1. ganaTlebis magistraturis Taviseburebebis Sefaseba

orive samizne jgufis respondentebma, ZiriTadad, moiwones sa-Sualo ganaTlebis reformis farglebSi dagegmili axali ini-ciativebi:

I iniciativa: ara zogadad bakalavriatisa da magistraturis, aramed mxolod ganaTlebis bakalavriatisa da ganaTlebis mag-istraturis kursdamTavrebuls SeeZleba skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis dawyeba;

II iniciativa: ganaTlebis bakalavrs SeeZleba aswavlos mxolod dawyebiT klasebSi (I-VI klasi), xolo ZiriTad da damamTavrebel klasebSi _ mxolod ganaTlebis magistraturis kursdamTavre-buls.

rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, studentTa da kurs-damTavrebulTa gamokveTili umravlesoba (60-62%) aRniSnul ini-ciativebs gamarTlebulad (savsebiT an ufro) miiCnevs (ix. diagrama #20):

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diagrama #20

5.2. ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis survili

mas Semdeg, rac respondentebs miewodaT informacia ganaTlebis magistraturis xangrZlivobis (2 weli) da savaraudo safasuris (weliwadSi 1500 lari)Sesaxeb, maT daesvaT SekiTxva, Tu ramdenad mosalodnelia, rom isini, aRniSnuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Caabareben ganaTlebis magistraturaSi, raTa Semdeg daiwyon maR-al klasebSi maswavleblad muSaoba. studentTa da kursdamTavre-bulTa pasuxebi ase ganawilda (ix. diagrama #21):

ramdenad gamarTlebulad migaCniaT axaliiniciativebi?

29.6

7.2

7.4

63.1

59.4

33.1

61.2

62.2

33.7

32.5

5.0

5.2

I iniciativa

II iniciativa

I iniciativa

II iniciativa

I iniciativa

II iniciativa

studentebi kursdamTavrebulebi

ar aris gamarTlebuli (sruliad an ufro)

miWirs pasuxis gacema

gamarTlebulia (savsebiT an ufro)

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diagrama #21

rogorc diagramaze motanili monacemebi aCvenebs, orive sam-izne jgufSi TiTqmis Tanabari raodenoba, saSualod 17%, gamox-atavs gamokveTil mzadyofnas (arsebuli pirobebiT) ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis Sesaxeb. respondentTa umravlesoba am perspeqtivas uaryofiTad uyurebs.

im respondnetebma, romlebsac ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Ca-sabareblad gamokveTili mzadyofna ar aRmoaCndaT, daasaxeles sakuTari mizezebi amisaTvis. am mizezebs Soris ZiriTadad gam-oikveTa sami mizezi:

1. swavla fasiania;2. maswavlebloba ar Sedis Cems gegmebSi (ar vapireb maswavle-

blobas);3. ar Rirs Cabareba im xelfasis fasad, rasac maswavleblebs

uxdian.

ramdenad mosalodnelia, rom CaabaroT ganaTlebis magistraturaSi?

5.7

42.2

14.317.5

20.3

9.4

40.9

16.016.9 16.7

aucilebladCavabareb

albaT,Cavabareb

albaT, arCavabareb

ar Cavabareb miWirspasuxisgacema

studentebi kursdamTavrebulebi

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detalurad Sedegebi ix. cxrilSi #16:

cxrili #16

SeniSvna: cxrilSi monacemebi daTvlilia respondentTa im raodenobidan, romlebmac SekiTxvaze _ `ramdenad mosalodnelia, rom CaabaroT ganaTlebis magistraturaSi?~ ar upasuxes: ̀ aucile-blad Cavabareb~.

gamokiTxva iTvaliswinebda imis garkvevas, ramdenad izrdeba ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis motivacia samizne jgufebSi, Tu maTTvis SeTavazebuli iqneba Semdegi SeRavaTiani pirobebi:

• ganaTlebis magistraturaSi swavla iqneba ufaso;• magistraturis xangrZlivoba Semcirdeba erT wlamde;• magistraturis kursdamTavrebul maswavleblebs mniS-

vnelovnad gaezrdebaT xelfasi.

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom samive es piroba mniS-vnelovnad amaRlebs magistraturaSi Cabarebis motivacias da zrdis SesaZlo kandidatTa raodenobas. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom magistraturaSi swavlis safasuris gauqmebam gansakuTrebiT imoqmeda respodentTa ganwyobaze.

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gamokiTxvis Sedegebi, samive aRniSnuli SeRavaTiani pirobis gaTvaliswinebiT, samizne jgufebis mTeli SerCevisTvis, detalu-rad mocemulia cxrilebSi ##:17,18

cxrili #:17 studentebi

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cxrili #:18 kursdamTavrebulebi

ismis kiTxva: ramdenia im respondentTa xvedriTi wili, romelT-ac:

a) arc erTi zemoT dasaxelebuli piroba (ufaso magistratura, erTwliani magistratura, xelfasis momateba) cal-calke ar aris sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Caabaros?

b) am pirobebidan ar akmayofilebs ori piroba mainc imisaTvis, rom ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Caabaros?

Sedegebi, orive jgufis mTeli SerCevisTvis, ixileT cxrilSi #19:

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cxrili #19

rogorc Sedegebi aCvenebs, arc Tu ise didia im respondentTa xvedriTi wili, visTvisac romelime erTi dasaxelebuli SeRava-Tiani piroba iyos sruliad arasakmarisi imisTvis, rom magistra-turaSi Cabarebisken ubiZgos.

axla sainteresoa _ isini, visac ar akmayofilebs arcerTi calke aRebuli piroba magistraturaSi Casabareblad, Seicvlian Tu ara pozicias, Tu romelime ori piroba an samive erTad (kom-binaciaSi) iqna SeTavazebuli? (ix. cxrili #20):

cxrili #20

129

rogorc monacemebi aCvenebs, respondentTa es kategoria (anu, isini, visTvisac magistraturaSi Casabareblad sakmarisi motiva-cia ar aRmoCnda arc erTi SeTavazebuli piroba) sakmaod Zneli `gadmosabirebeli~ aRmoCnda da vercerTma SeTavazebulma kom-binaciam, ZiriTadad, Sedegi ver gamoiRo. erTgvar gamonakliss warmoadgens mxolod samive pirobis gaerTianebuli varianti: am variantma skeptikos respondentTa garkveul nawilSi magistra-turaSi Cabarebis mimarT interesi gaaCina.

rac Seexeba im mcirericxovan respondentebs (romlebic, cal-calke aRebul romelime or SeTavazebul pirobas arasakmarisad miiCneven), Tu SevTavazebT maT mier arasakmarisad gamocxadebul pirobaTa kombinacias, gansazRvruli nawili icvlis pozicias da magistraturaSi Cabarebisken ixreba.

Sedegebi orive jgufis mTeli SerCevisaTvis detalurad ix. cxrilSi #21:

cxrili #21

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gamokiTxvis Sedegebma gamoavlina, agreTve, im respondentTa xvedriTi wili, romlebic arcerTi zemoaRniSnuli (ix. cxrili #21) ori pirobis kombinacias sakmarisad ar miiCneven imisaT-vis, rom magistraturaSi CabarebisTvis pozitiurad ganewyon. esaa studentTa 5.0%, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa 8.2%. sakiTxavia, rogor moiqcevian es respondentebi, Tu maT SesTavazeben samive pirobis gaerTianebas, anu Tu magistratura iqneba ufaso, erTwliani da kursdamTavrebul maswavlebels xelfasic gaezrdeba? rogorc gamokiTxvis qvemoT motanili Sedegebi aCvenebs, am kategoriis re-spondentTa umravlesobaze aseTi SeRavaTi dadebiTad moqmedebs da maT magistraturaSi CabarebisTvis ganawyobs (ix. cxrili #22):

cxrili #22

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5.3. sasurveli minimaluri xelfasebi

ismis kiTxva: ra iqneboda maswavleblis sasurveli minimaluri xelfasi yvela im respondentisaTvis, romelic, ama Tu im pirobiT, ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebas pozitiurad uyurebs?

rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs:

• ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis msurvelTa mier maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebisTvis moTxovnili minimaluri xelfasi 500-dan 600 laramde meryeobs. es ramdenadme aWar-bebs (100-150 laris farglebSi) maswavleblobis `safasurs~ im SemTxvevisTvis, rodesac pedagogad muSaobis dawyebis pirobas ganaTlebis magistraturis gavla ar warmoadgens (rogorc adre aRiniSna, saSualo minimaluri sasurveli xel-fasi am SemTxvevaSi 500 laramdea). maSasadame, bakalavriatis studentebisTvis da kursdamTavrebulebisTvis ganaTlebis magistraturis gavlis aucilebeloba (skolaSi muSaobis dasawyebad) ramdenadme aZvirebs maswavleblis vakansias.

• maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebisaTvis minimaluri xel-

fasis raodenobis gansazRvraze gavlenas ar axdens ganaTleb-is magistrturaSi Casabareblad SeTavazebuli sxvadasxva SeRavaTiani piroba: arc is, rom magistratura iyos ufaso; arc is, rom misi xangrZlivoba Semcirdes erT wlamde da arc is, rom magistraturagavlil maswavleblebs gaezardoT xelfasi.

• rac Seexeba minimaluri xelfasis gansazRvris SesaZlo cvalebadobebs ganaTlebis magistraturis sxvadasxva SeRa-vaTiani pirobis kombinaciis SemTxvevaSi, gamokiTxvam daadas-tura, rom aseTi urTierTdamokidebuleba, praqtikulad, ar arsebobs.

ufro detalurad Sedegebi ix. cxrilSi #23:

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gamokiTxvis Sedegebi, orive samizne jgufis saerTo SerCevi-saTvis, aseTia (ix. cxrili #23):

cxrili #23.

133

ZiriTadi Sedegebi da daskvnebi

samizne jgufebis (studentebisa da kursdamTavrebulebis) um-ravlesoba dadebiTad afasebs bolo wlebSi saSualo ganaTleb-is sferoSi gatarebul reformebs da miiCnevs, rom am reformebma xeli Seuwyo saSualo ganaTlebis ganviTarebas saqarTvelo-Si. yvelaze didi mxardaWera (orive jgufSi) wilad xvda er-Tiani erovnuli gamocdebis SemoRebas. warmatebul cvlilebe-bad aRiqmeba skolebSi sameurveo sabWoebis Seqmna da skolebis dafinansebis vauCerul sistemaze gadasvla. dadebiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva, agreTve, skolebisaTvis axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis Seqmna.

respondentTa gamokveTilad uaryofiTi Sefaseba (orive sam-izne jgufSi) wilad xvda 12 wliani saSualo ganaTlebis SemoRe-bas. uaryofiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva skolis direqtorTa Ser-Cevis axali wesic.

maswavlebelTa sertificirebis moTxovnis mimarT orive jgu-fis respondentebSi aSkara mxardaWeraa: umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom sertificireba savaldebulo unda iyos maswavleblebisaTvis. amasTan, vinc sertificirebas gaivlis, unda mieniWos sxvadasxva privilegia (mag. gaezardos xelfasi). maTi azriT, sertificire-bagauvlel maswavlebels mxolod im SemTxvevaSi unda mieces skolaSi muSaobis ufleba, Tu mis saganSi pedagogis vakansia Seu-vsebeli darCeba.

saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi arsebul problemebs Soris yve-laze mwvave problemad orive samizne jgufSi maswavlebelTaAdab-ali anazRaureba dasaxelda. sxva problemaTa Soris met-naklebad gamoikveTa: skolebSi disciplinis moSla; maswavlebelTa dabali kvalifikacia; moswavleTa dabali motivacia swavlisaTvis; mwiri materialur-teqnikuri baza.

gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom orive jgufis respondentebSi maswav-leblis profesiis simboluri da realuri sazrisebi sakmaod Sordeba erTmaneTs. maswavleblis profesiis simboluri xati (anu, maswavlebloba, rogorc aseTi) realurze gacilebiT pozitiuria _ am xatis mixedviT, maswavlebloba sapatio profesiaa, romelsac swavlaSi warCinebuli da warmatebuli adamianebi Segnebulad

134

irCeven. Tumca, rodesac saqme exeba am profesiis sakuTari ojax-is wevrTa gamocdilebaSi `Semotanas~, es ukve aRar warmoadgens sasurvel perspeqtivas respondentTaTvis da maTi umravlesoba sxva profesiis dauflebas uWers mxars.

amis damadasturebelia isic, rom respondentebma aRiares mas-wavleblis profesiis naklebkonkurentuloba sxva profesiebTan SedarebiT. 15 CamoTvlil profesias Soris respondentebma mas-wavlebloba gacilebiT naklebprestiJulad miiCnies, vidre eqimis, biznesis administratoris, Jurnalistis, mosamarTlis, umaRlesi saswavleblis pedagogis. sportsmenis, mecnier-muSakis, msaxiobis da sxv. profesiebi. saboloo jamSi, 15 profesiisAreitingSi mas-wavleblobam me-10 adgili daikava.

studentTa arsebuli korpusidan, 170 lariani anazRaurebis pirobebSi, realurad SesaZlebelia daaxloebiT 17%-is rekrutire-ba maswavleblad. kursdamTavrebulTa Soris aseTi potenciis ma-tarebelia 23%. kvlevis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom maswavleblobis msurvelTa ricxvi orive samizne jgufSi mniSvnelovnad gaizrde-ba, Tu moxdeba minimaluri anazRaurebis SeTavazeba 460-470 laris farglebSi. gazrdili anazRaurebis pirobebSi studentTa damate-biT 63.5%, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa damatebiT 59% loaluria maswavleblis saqmianobis mimarT (anu, es nawili skolas ganixi-lavs, rogorc maTi dasaqmebis SesaZlo instituts).

is nawili, romelic gamoricxavs skolaSi maswavleblad muSao-bas (da am sakiTxs anazRaurebaze damokidebulad ar miiCnevs) studentTa Soris 11%-ia, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa Soris – 8%.

gamokiTxvis Sedegad kidev ufro gamoikveTaAmaswavleblobis kandidatTa baza studentTa da kursdamTavrebulTA Soris _ im respondentTa gamoyofiT,romelTac maswavlebloba, imave rangisa da anazRaurebis sxva samsaxurTan SedarebiT, met-naklebad pri-oritetulad miaCnia.

saboloo jamSi, irkveva, rom studentebisa da kursdamTavreb-ulebis dRes arsebul nakadSi maswavleblad dasaqmebisTvis yve-laze realuri raodenoba studentebs Soris aris TiTqmis 18%, xolo kursdamTavrebulebs Soris _ TiTqmis 20%. es maCveneblebi orive jgufisaTvis SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad gaizardos (maqsi-maluri Teoriuli zRvari studentTa Soris 40%-mdea, xolo kurs-

135

damTavrebulTaA Soris _ 45%-mde). amis mTavar pirobas, rogorc iTqva, minimaluri xelfasis 300%-mde gazrda warmoadgens.

gamokiTxvam gamoavlina maswavleblobis yvelaze erTgul re-spondentTa nawili, romelic am saqmianobas ar gacvlida sxva, ufro maRalanazRaurebad samsaxurSi. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, es nawili, orive samizne jgufSi, gacilebiT mcirea, vidre maswav-leblobis „Cveulebrivi“ msurvelebis: studentTa Soris aseTia 4.0% (romelsac, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba kidev 5.6% daematos) da kursdamTavrebulTa Soris _ 3.2% (romelsac, ukeTes SemTx-vevaSi, SeiZleba kidev 5.5% daematos).

studentTa da kursdamTavrebulTa mxolod mcire nawili (Ses-abamisad, 9.5% da 12.9%) gamoTqvams mzadyofnas imisaTvis, rom maswav-lebloba, dRes arsebuli anazRaurebis pirobebSi, sxva sacxovreb-el adgilas daiwyos. Tumca, anazRaurebis gazrdis SemTxvevaSi viTareba arsebiTad icvleba: Tu minimaluri anazRaureba TveSi daaxloebiT 780 lari iqneba, mosalodnelia, damatebiT studente-bis 45.1% daTanxmdes maswavleblobas sxva sacxovrebel adgilas. sacxovrebeli adgilis gamocvlas da maswavleblobis dawyebas SesaZleblad miiCnevs kursdamTavrebulebis 48.7%, daaxloebiT, 830 lariani minimaluri anazRaurebis pirobebSi.

kidev ufro „Zviri“ jdeba maswavlebloba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu respondentebs mis dawyebas sTavazoben rTul klimatur da sacx-ovrebel pirobebSi, miT ufro, sxva regionSi gadasvliT. am SemTx-vevaSi respondentTa mzaoba maswavleblobisaTvis (arsebuli anazRaurebis pirobebSi) uaRresad dabalia. Tumca, finansebi am SemTxvevaSic mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda respondentTa motivaciis zrdisTvis. gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac saqme sakuTar regionSi rTul pirobebSi muSaobas exeba _ yoveli meore studenti, minimum 820 lariani anazRaurebis pirobebSi, SesaZleblad miiCnevs maswav-leblad muSaobas. yoveli meore kursdamTavrebulisaTvis aseT viTarebaSi maswavleblobis safasuri cota ufro meti aRmoCnda _ minimum 900 laramde.

rac Seexeba maswavleblobis dawyebas sxva regionis rTul klimatur da sacxovrebel viTarebaSi _ anazRaurebis faqtori dadebiTi motivaciis gaCenisaTvis efeqturi aRmoCnda student-Ta da kursdamTavrebulTa, saSualod, mesamedisaTvis, Tumca, gac-ilebiT maRali minimaluri anazRaurebis fasad: studentebisTvis

136

es minimumi 1230 laria, xolo kursdamTavrebulebisTvis _ 1310 lari. orive jgufSi yoveli meore respondenti acxadebs, rom aranairi anazRaurebis fasad ar daiwyebda muSaobas sxva regio-nis sacxovreblad rTul garemoSi.

orive jgufis respondentTa umravlesoba iwonebs saSualo ganaTlebis reformis farglebSi dagegmil axal iniciativebs, romlebic iTvaliswinebs imas, rom a) skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis dawyeba SeeZleba mxolod ganaTlebis bakalavriatisa da magistraturis kursdamTavrebulebs da b) ganaTlebis bakala-vrs SeeZleba aswavlos mxolod dawyebiT klasebSi (I-VI klasi), xolo ZiriTad da damamTavrebel klasebSi _ mxolod ganaTlebis magistraturis kursdamTavrebuls.

ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis gamokveTil survils, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is iqneba orwliani da fasiani (weliwadSi 1500 lari), studentTa Soris TiTqmis 18%, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa Soris _ 17% gamoTqvams. respondentTa darCenili nawili, romel-sac aseTi survili ar gamouTqvams, amisaTvis sxvadasxva mizezs asaxelebs, romelTa Soris ikveTeba sami: a) swavla fasiania; b) maswavlebloba ar Sedis Cems gegmebSi; g) ar Rirs magistratura-Si Cabareba im xelfasis fasad, rasac maswavleblebs uxdian.

rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, ganaTlebis magistra-turaSi Cabarebis mimarT met-naklebad skeptikurad ganwyobil respondentTa `gadmosabireblad~ efeqturia iseTi SeRavaTebi, rogoricaa magistraturis safasuris moxsna, misi xangrZlivo-bis erT wlamde Semcireba da magistraturis gavlis safasurad maRali anazRaurebis SeTavazeba maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebi-sas. damatebiT, orive jgufis respondentTa mniSvnelovan nawils (meryeobs 33%-dan 48.0%-mde), ama Tu im dasaxelebuli SeRavaTis pirobebSi, gauCnda magistraturaSi Cabarebis mimarT interesi.

im respondentTa xvedriTi wili, romelTaTvisac sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda arc erTi, calke aRebuli SeRavaTiani piroba imisTvis, rom ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebaze ifiqros, studentTa Soris 9.7%-ia, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa Soris _ 6.6%. am nawilis gadmobireba, ZiriTadad, warumatebeli aRmoCnda iseTi `momxibv-leli~ SeTavazebebis miuxedavad, rogoricaa samive zemoaRniSnu-li pirobis (ufaso, erTwliani magistratura da misi dasrulebis Semdeg maRali anazRaureba), an maTgan romelime oris erTdrou-

137

lad dakmayofileba.

im respondentTa xvedriTi wili, romelTac magistraturis mi-marT interesi ar gauRviZa aRniSnuli sami pirobidan romelime, calke aRebulma orma pirobam, studentTa Soris 8.5%-ia, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa Soris _ 11.3%. am kategoriis respondentTa garkveul nawilSi efeqturad imuSava ori SeRavaTiani pirobis gaerTianebis SeTavazebam: studentTa Soris damatebiT 3.5%, xolo kursdamTavrebulTa Soris _ 3.1% dadebiTad ganewyo ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis mimarT.

gamokiTxvis Sedegad gamovlinda respondentTa kidev erTi mcirericxovani kategoria _ isini, visTvisac arc erTi rome-lime ori SeRavaTiani pirobis kombinacia sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda ganaTlebis magistraturis mimarT interesis gaCenisTvis (studen-tebSi aseTi 5.0%-ia, xolo kursdamTavrebulebSi _ 8.2%). Tumca, aR-moCnda, rom Tu am kategorias samive zemoaRiSnul SeRavaTs erTad SevTavazebT, maTma mniSvnelovanma nawilma, mosalodnelia, pozi-cia Seicvalos da magistraturaSi Caabaros (studentebs Soris poziciis Secvlis mzaobas gamoxatavs 3.7%, xolo kursdamTavre-bulTa Soris 5.0%).

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom ganaTlebis magistraturis gavlis aucilebloba pedagogad muSaobis dawyebis `safasurs~ ramdenadme aZvirebs: Tu, ganaTlebis magistraturis moTxovnis gareSe, sasurveli minimaluri xelfasi TveSi 500 laramdea, magis-traturaSi Cabarebis pirobis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi minimaluri xelfasis raodenoba 600 laramde matulobs. amasTan, minimaluri xelfasis raodenobis gansazRvraze gavlenas ar axdens ganaTleb-is magistraturaSi Casabareblad SeTavazebuli sxvadasxva SeRa-vaTiani piroba: arc is, rom magistratura iyos ufaso; arc is, rom misi xangrZlivoba Semcirdes erT wlamde da arc is, rom magis-traturagavlil maswavleblebs gaezardoT xelfasi.

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Semajamebeli daskvna1

1. maswavlebelTa arsebuli da saWiro raodenoba

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT (2007-2008 saswavlo wlebisTvis) gaTvaliswinebul aucilebel sagnebSi2 dRes maswavlebelTa ar-sebuli raodenobaa 71,191, xolo saWiro _ 71,976, anu maswavlebel-Ta saWiro raodenoba saqarTvelos skolebSi arsebulze 785-iT metia.

maswavlebelTa arsebuli da saWiro raodenobebi, regionebisa da sagnebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrilebSi ##1,2:

cxrili #1: maswavlebelTa arsebuli raodenoba

1 SeniSvna: Semajamebeli daskvnisTvis vixelmZRvanelebT skolebSi maswavleblebis saWiro raodenobis gansazRvris mesame variantiT, romelic, Cveni azriT, yvelaze ufro realisturad gam-oiyureba.

2 es sagnebia: qarTuli ena da literatura, mSobliuri ena (araqarTuli skolebisaTvis), maTematika, fizika, qimia, biologia, istoria, geografia, ucxo ena, xazva, SromiTi swavleba, samoqalaqo ganaTleba, musika, saxviTi xelovneba, fizikuri aRzrda

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cxrili #2: maswavlebelTa saWiro raodenoba

3 2009 wlis saswavlo gegmiT SromiTi swavleba gaerTianda saxviT da gamoyenebiT xelovnebaSi, amdenad maTi monacemebi erTadaa daTvlili. 4 samoqalaqo ganaTlebis maswavlebeli ar hyavs 590 skolas.

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2. maswavlebelTa nakleboba

maswavleblebTa nakleboba ZiriTadad modis iseT sagnebze, rogoricaa:

• fizikuri aRzrda (unda daematos 1703 pedagogi, anu ar-sebulis 53.7%);

• musika (unda daematos 979 pedagogi, anu arsebulis 47.3%);

• samarTali-samoqalaqo ganaTleba (unda daematos 544 pedagogi, anu arsebulis 36.1%);

aRniSnul sagnebSi4 maswavlebelTa nakleboba, SesaZloa, gamowveuli iyos Semdegi mizezebiT:

1. axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, zogierT sa-ganSi (mag. musika) saaTebis raodenoba gazrdilia.

2. moiTxoveba, rom dawyebiT klasebSi calke maswavlebeli hyavdes fizikur aRzrdas da musikas.

bevr skolas aRniSnul sagnebSi saerTod ar hyavs pedagogebi. Tavis mxriv, amis mizezebi, SesaZloa, iyos: a)skolebSi Sesabamisi infrastruqturis (sportuli darbazi, musikis, Sromis oTaxebi da sxv.) ararseboba; b) arsebuli stereotipi, rom aRniSnuli sagnebi ar aris mTavari; g) skolaSi muSaobis msurvel Sesabamis special-istTa nakleboba; d) zogierTi sagani (mag. samoqalaqo ganaTleba) SedarebiT axalia programisTvis da sxv. garda amisa, aRsaniSna-via, rom skolebi ganicdian deficitur sagnebSi specialistebis simcires. am sagnebs, rogorc wesi, iTavseben sxva disciplinebis maswavleblebi. kerZod, samoqalaqo ganaTlebis, maswavleblebi paralelurad arian sxva sagnebis maswavleblebic.

dawyebiTi klasebis maswavlebelTa mwvave naklebobaa saqarT-velos yvela regionis TiTqmis yvela skolaSi. amis mizezi isaa, rom tradiciulad dawyebiT klasebad iTvleboda I-IV klasebi, xolo axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT dawyebiT klase-bad iTvleba I-VI klasebi. aqedan gamomdinare, saWiro maswavle-blebis raodenoba, MmniSvnelovnad gaizarda.

specialurad unda aRiniSnos geografiis maswavlebelTa Ses-

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axeb: bazebis analizi aCvenebs, rom geografiis maswavleblTa ar-sebuli raodenoba saWiroze 435-iT naklebia (anu dasamatebelia arsebuli raodenobis 18.6%).

Tu maswavlebelTa danakliss regionul WrilSi ganvixilavT, TiTqmis yvela regioni imeorebs saqarTvelos masStabiT arsebul tendenciebs. Tumca, arsebobs garkveuli gadaxrebi:

• samoqalaqo ganaTlebis maswavlebelTa ara Tu danaklisi, aramed siWarbec kia Tbilisis skolebSi (samoqalaqo ganaTlebis 91 maswavlebeli zedmetia saWiro raodenobaze);

• damatebiT, saxviTi xelovnebis maswavleblebis nakleboba fiqsirdeba qvemo qarTlis (77 maswavlebliT), samcxe-javaxeTis (75-iT), aWaris (18-iT), raWa-leCxum/qvemo svaneTis (27-iT) da mcxeTa-mTianeTis (19-iT) skolebSi;

• samcxe-javaxeTis, raWa-leCxumis, qvemo svaneTis da mcxeTa-mTianTis skolebSi bunebismetyvelebis arsebul maswavlebelTa raodenoba ver akompensirebs peadagogTa naklebobas iseT sag-nebSi, rogoricaa fizika, qimia, biologia.

3. maswavlebelTa siWarbe

maswavlebelTa arsebuli raodenoba saWiro raodenobaze metia erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul Semdeg aucilebel sagnebSi:

• qarTuli ena da literatura (saWiro raodenoba 3,122 pedagogiT, anu 34.3%-iT naklebia arsebulze);

• mSobliuri ena araqarTuli skolebisaTvis (saWiro raodenoba 242 pedagogiT, anu 31.5%-iT naklebia arsebulze);

• maTematika (saWiro raodenoba 1,182 pedagogiT, anu 17.3%-iT naklebia arsebulze);

• fizika (saWiro raodenoba 423 pedagogiT, anu 16.1%-iT naklebia arsebulze);

• biologia (saWiro raodenoba 253 pedagogiT, anu 10.3%-iT naklebia arsebulze);

• istoria (saWiro raodenoba 875 pedagogiT, anu 19.2%-iT naklebia arsebulze);

• ucxo ena (saWiro raodenoba 2,649 pedagogiT, anu 22.7%-iT naklebia arsebulze);

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Tu maswavlebelTa siWarbes regionul WrilSi ganvixilavT, TiTqmis yvela regioni imeorebs saqarTvelos masStabiT arse-bul tendenciebs. Tumca, arsebobs garkveuli gadaxrebi. kerZod, saqarTvelos mTian regionebSi (samcxe-javaxeTi, mcxeTa-mTianeTi, raWa-leCxum/qvemo svaneTi) ucxo enis, fizikisa da biologiis mas-wavlebelTa naklebobaa:

1. ucxo enis pedagogebi saWiroze naklebia samcxe-javax-eTSi 89-iT, xolo mcxeTa-mTianeTSi - 24-iT;

2. biologiis pedagogebi saWiroze naklebia samcxe-javax-eTSi 41-iT, raWa-leCxum/qvemo svaneTSi - 24-iT, xolo mcxeTa-mTianeTSi - 15-iT;

3. fizikis pedagogebi saWiroze naklebia samcxe-javaxeT-Si 12-iT, raWa-leCxum/qvemo svaneTSi - 19-iT, xolo mcxeTa-mTianeTSi - 18-iT;

4. momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi maswavlebelTa raodeno-bis cvlilebis prognozi

maswavlebelTa momavalSi saWiro raodenobis prognozireba eyrdnoba Semdeg daSvebebs:

1. sapensio asaks miRweuli maswavlebeli aucileblad gava pensiaze, xolo sxva mizeziT pedagogi samuSaos ar da-tovebs;

2. saswavlo gegmebi arsebiTad ar Seicvleba;3. klasebis jamuri raodenoba arsebiTad ar Seicvleba.

Tu aRniSnuli daSvebebi dairRva (kerZod, Tu saswavlo sag-nebis saaTobrivi bade da klasebis jamuri raodenoba arsebi-Tad Seicvala, an Tu uaxloesi 10 wlis manZilze maswavlebel-Ta skolebidan masobrivi gadineba moxda), maSin maswavlebelTa raodenobis prognozirebis maCveneblebi moiTxovs Sesabamis ko-reqtirebas.

unda aRiniSnos, rom prognozirebis modelSi mizanSewonilad ar CaiTvala demografiuli suraTis, kerZod, Sobadobis maCven-eblebis gaTvaliswineba. aRsaniSnavia, rom maswavleblebis saWiro raodenoba mniSvnelovanwilad damokidebulia ara moswavleebis,

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aramed klasebis raodenobaze. marTalia, moswavleebisa da klase-bis raodenobaTa Soris garkveuli mimarTeba arsebobs, Tumca, es ar aris mWidro korelaciuri kavSiri _ moswavleTa saerTo raode-noba ar gansazRvravs klasebis raodenobas (magaliTad, sofelSi rogorc 5, ise 30 moswavleze erTi klasi gaixsneba, xolo 31 mos-wavleze ukve 2 klasis gaxsna iqneba saWiro).

zemoT aRniSnuli daSvebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi maswavlebelTa raodenobis cvlilebis prog-nozi aseTia:

dReisaTvis sapensio asakisaa, daaxloebiT, 8 500 maswavlebeli, romlebic (Cven mier miRebuli daSvebis _ pensiaSi gasvlis _ SemTxvevaSi) 2009 wlamde datoveben skolas. Semdegi 10 wlis pe-riodSi (2009-2018 ww.), amave mizeziT, weliwadSi, daaxloebiT, 1000-1500 maswavlebeli datovebs skolas.

es monacemebi Seesabameba maswavlebelTa gamokiTxvis Sedegebs, romelTa Tanaxmad, momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi, daaxloebiT, 18_20 aTasi maswavlebeli (anu maswavlebelTa saerTo raodeno-bis daaxloebiT 25%) apirebs sxvadasxva mizeziT (pensiaSi gasvla, xelfasis sicire da sxv.) skolis datovebas.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT maswavlebelTa dReisaTvis saWiro raodenobas da davuSvebT, rom es moTxovna ar Seicvleba uaxloe-si 10 wlis manZilze, 2018 wlisTvis, daaxloebiT, 20 aTasi axali maswavleblis momzadeba iqneba saWiro.

regionul WrilSi suraTi ar icvleba: 2009 wlidan yvela re-gionSi iqneba maswavlebelTa nakleboba.

uaxloes 3-4 weliwadSi maswavlebelTa SedarebiT naklebi raodenobis momzadeba iqneba saWiro iseT sagnebSi, rogoricaa: qarTuli ena da literatura, sxva mSbliuri ena (araqarTuli skolebisTvis), istoria, ucxo ena, maTematika, fizika.

2009 wlidanve maswavlebelTa nakleboba mosalodnelia Semdeg sagnebSi: musika, fizikuri aRzrda, samoqalaqo ganaTleba, aseve _ qimia, biologia da geografia.

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rogorc studentTa da kursdamTavrebulTa kvlevam aCvena, am samizne jgufebis daaxloebiT 20% gamoTqvams survils, arsebuli anazRaurebis pirobebSi daiwyos skolaSi maswavleblad muSao-ba.

2007 da 2008 wlebSi umaRles saswavlebelTa im fakultete-bis bakalavriati, romlebic studentebs saskolo disciplinebis profiliT amzadeben, daasrula daaxloebiT 19 000-ma studentma (9 500-ma weliwadSi), xolo bakalavriatis IV kursze gadavida aRniSnuli profilis 3 500-mde studenti5. es niSnavs, rom 2007 da 2008 wlebSi kursdamTavrebulTa Soris, daaxloebiT, 3 800 adami-ani gamoTqvams skolaSi muSaobis survils, xolo 2009 da Semdeg wlebSi kursdamTavrebulTa Soris maswavleblobis msurvelTa ricxvi Semcirdeba da iqneba, daaxloebiT, 600-700.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom skolebidan maswavlebelTa gadine-bis sakompensaciod yovelwliurad saWiroa, daaxloebiT, 2 000 pedagogi, maSin, savaraudoa, rom pedagogobis msurvelTa mosal-odneli nakadi ver Seavsebs pedagogTa momavalSi saWiro raode-nobas. gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom zogierT saganSi maswavlebelTa siWarbe (mag. qarTuli ena da literatura, ucxo ena, istoria) narCundeba momavali, sul mcire, 5 wlis ganmavloba-Si. Tumca am sagnebSi maswavlebelTa siWarbis miuxedavad, re-gionul WrilSi SeiZleba sxvagvari suraTi gvqondes da zogierT saswavlo disciplinaSi maswavleblis vakansia ar Seivsos.

5 kursdamTavrebulTa ricxvi 2007-2008 ww.-Si TiTqmis ganaxevrda, risi axsnac nawilobriv imiT SeiZleba, rom zogierTma umaRlesma saswavlebelma ver gaiara akreditacia.

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