© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1 Technology In Action

© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1

Technology In ActionTechnology In Action


Technology In ActionTechnology In Action

Chapter 5Chapter 5

Using System Software: Using System Software:

The Operating System, Utility Programs, and The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File ManagementFile Management


TopicsTopics

• System softwareSystem software

• Operating systems:Operating systems:– Kinds of systems Kinds of systems – Common desktop systemsCommon desktop systems– User interactionUser interaction– Manage the processorManage the processor– Manage memoryManage memory


TopicsTopics

• Operating systems:Operating systems:– Manage hardwareManage hardware– Interact with application softwareInteract with application software– Start the computerStart the computer– Keep the computer organizedKeep the computer organized

• Desktop and windows featuresDesktop and windows features

• Utility programsUtility programs


System SoftwareSystem Software

Operating systemsOperating systems• Control computer Control computer

functions:functions:– Hardware Hardware – Memory Memory – Application programsApplication programs– System maintenanceSystem maintenance

• Provide user interfaceProvide user interface

System utilitiesSystem utilities• Programs that perform Programs that perform

computer housekeeping computer housekeeping tasks:tasks:– Manage system resourcesManage system resources– Improve efficiencyImprove efficiency– Virus preventionVirus prevention


Operating System CategoriesOperating System Categories

• Four categories:Four categories:– Real-Time (RTOS)Real-Time (RTOS)– Single-User, Single-TaskSingle-User, Single-Task– Single-User, MultitaskSingle-User, Multitask– Multi-userMulti-user


Real-Time Operating SystemsReal-Time Operating Systems

• Systems with a Systems with a specific purpose and specific purpose and a certain resulta certain result

• Uses include:Uses include:– Industrial machinesIndustrial machines– Robotic equipmentRobotic equipment– AutomobilesAutomobiles– Video game consolesVideo game consoles– Home appliancesHome appliances

• Minimal or no user Minimal or no user interaction is required.interaction is required.


Single-User Operating SystemsSingle-User Operating Systems

Single-task systemsSingle-task systems• Perform one task at a timePerform one task at a time• PDAs:PDAs:

– Pocket PCPocket PC– Palm OSPalm OS

• MS-DOSMS-DOS

Multitask systemsMultitask systems• Perform simultaneous tasksPerform simultaneous tasks• WindowsWindows• MAC OSMAC OS• LinuxLinux


Multi-user Operating Systems Multi-user Operating Systems

• Known as network operating systemsKnown as network operating systems• Allow access to the computer system by Allow access to the computer system by

more than one usermore than one user• Manage user requestsManage user requests• Systems include:Systems include:

– UNIXUNIX– Novell NetwareNovell Netware– Windows Server 2003Windows Server 2003


Desktop Operating SystemsDesktop Operating Systems

• Operating system combined with the Operating system combined with the processor is known as a platformprocessor is known as a platform– Microsoft Windows / IntelMicrosoft Windows / Intel– Apple Macintosh / MotorolaApple Macintosh / Motorola

• Desktop operating systems include:Desktop operating systems include:– Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows– MAC OSMAC OS– UNIXUNIX– LinuxLinux


Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows

• Market leader – 90% market shareMarket leader – 90% market shareClick to view the various Windows systemsClick to view the various Windows systems

Windows XP (2001)

Offers a new multi-user desktop as well as improved digital media features andInternet capabilities.

Windows ME (2000)

This upgrade to Windows 95 and Windows 98 includes system backup andmultimedia capabilities (such as Media Player).

Windows 2000

(2000)

This upgrade to Windows NT offers improvements to file security and Internet support.

Windows 98 (1998)

This upgrade includes additional file protection and incorporatesInternet Explorer 4.0, a customizable taskbar, and desktop features

Windows 95

(1995)

This operating system runs fasterand more efficiently, introduces Plug and Play capabilities, long file names, short-cutright-click menus, and a cleaner desktop.

Windows NT (1993)

Fundamentally different operating system with increased security, power,performance, and multitasking scheduler.

Windows 3.x

(1990-1992)

First widely used PC graphical user interface (GUI) operating system. Improvedpoint-and-click mouse operations and multitasking capabilities.

Windows 2.0

(1987)

Includes better graphics capabilities and introduces keyboard shortcuts andthe ability to overlap windows.

Windows 1.0

(1985)

Introduces point-and-click commands with a mouse and includes modestmultitasking capabilities and desktop applications.


MAC OSMAC OS• First operating system with point-and-click technology First operating system with point-and-click technology

(Graphical User Interface)(Graphical User Interface)• Excellent in:Excellent in:

– Graphics displayGraphics display– Processing capabilitiesProcessing capabilities– System reliabilitySystem reliability– Document recoveryDocument recovery

• Fewer software applicationsFewer software applications

MAC OS X


UNIXUNIX

• Multi-user, multitask operating systemMulti-user, multitask operating system

• Used primarily with mainframesUsed primarily with mainframes


LinuxLinux

• Open-source operating Open-source operating system system

• Based on UNIXBased on UNIX

• Stable systemStable system

• FreeFree

• May be downloaded May be downloaded through the Internetthrough the Internet


What the Operating System DoesWhat the Operating System Does

• Provides user Provides user interfaceinterface

• Manages the CPUManages the CPU• Manages memoryManages memory• Manages hardwareManages hardware• Coordinates Coordinates

application software application software with the CPUwith the CPU


The User InterfaceThe User Interface

• Enables you to Enables you to interact with the interact with the computercomputer

• Types of interfaces:Types of interfaces:– Command-driven Command-driven

interfaceinterface– Menu-driven Menu-driven

interfaceinterface– Graphical user Graphical user

interfaceinterface

Command-line

Menu-driven

Graphical


Process 4th

Process 3rd

Process 2nd

Process 1st

Processor ManagementProcessor Management

• Controls the timing of events the Controls the timing of events the processor works onprocessor works on– InterruptsInterrupts– Interrupt handlerInterrupt handler– Interrupt tableInterrupt table– Stack Stack

REQUEST

Operating

System


Memory ManagementMemory Management

• The operating system allocates space in The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and dataRAM for instructions and data

RAM

Operating

System


Virtual MemoryVirtual Memory

• Instructions and data are stored on the Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is fullhard drive when RAM is full– Swap fileSwap file– Paging Paging – Thrashing Thrashing

Operating

System

FULL


Hardware ManagementHardware Management

• Device drivers:Device drivers:– Programs that enable the Programs that enable the

operating system to operating system to communicate with communicate with peripheral devicesperipheral devices

– Provided by the Provided by the manufacturer of the device manufacturer of the device

• Plug and Play:Plug and Play:– Hardware and software Hardware and software

standardstandard– Facilitates the installation Facilitates the installation

of new hardwareof new hardware


Software Application CoordinationSoftware Application Coordination

• Application programming interfaces Application programming interfaces (APIs):(APIs):– Blocks of code contained in the operating Blocks of code contained in the operating

systemsystem– Coordinates the operating system with Coordinates the operating system with

software applicationssoftware applications• Similar toolbars and menusSimilar toolbars and menus

– Microsoft Direct XMicrosoft Direct X


Starting the ComputerStarting the Computer

The Boot ProcessThe Boot Process

• Step 1:Step 1: The basic input/output The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activatedsystem (BIOS) is activated

• Step 2:Step 2: A Power-on-self-test A Power-on-self-test (POST) checks attached (POST) checks attached hardwarehardware

• Step 3:Step 3: The operating system The operating system loads into memoryloads into memory

• Step 4:Step 4: Configuration and Configuration and customization settings are customization settings are checkedchecked

1

2

3

4


Handling Errors in the Handling Errors in the Boot ProcessBoot Process

• Non-system disk or disk Non-system disk or disk errorerror– Remove the floppy from the Remove the floppy from the

drive and press any keydrive and press any key• POST errorsPOST errors

– Single beep: Everything is Single beep: Everything is loading properlyloading properly

– Series of beeps: Hardware Series of beeps: Hardware problemproblem

• Safe modeSafe mode– Windows does not boot Windows does not boot

properlyproperly– Uninstall any new devices or Uninstall any new devices or

softwaresoftware


The DesktopThe Desktop

• Desktop features:Desktop features:– Shortcut iconsShortcut icons– My DocumentsMy Documents– Start buttonStart button– Quick launchQuick launch– Open programsOpen programs– TaskbarTaskbar– System traySystem tray– toolbartoolbar

SHORT CUT ICONSA

B

C

D

E G H

I

_______________

MY DOCUMENTS

MY COMPUTER

START BUTTON

QUICKLAUNCH

TASKBAR SYSTEM TRAY

TOOLBAR

____________

____________

____________

____________

_________ ___________

_________

F

OPEN PROGRAMS__________________

Click to view Desktop features


Start MenuStart Menu

AUSER NAME

ALL PROGRAMSBUTTON

SPECIAL FOLDERSSYSTEM AREAHELPMOST FREQUENTLY

USED LIST

USER LOG OFFSHUT DOWN/RESTART

G

F

E

D

C

BPINNED ITEMS LIST

_____________

___________

_______________

_______________

____________

_____________________________________________

_______________

Click to view Start menu features


Window Window A

B

C

D

E

F

G

SCROLL BARS

STATUS BAR

VIEW OPTIONS

TOOL BARS

MENU BAR

TITLE BAR

SIZING BUTTONS

__________

__________

__________

______________

____________

____________

_______________

Click to view Window features


File ManagementFile Management

• The operating system provides an The operating system provides an organizational structure to the computer’s organizational structure to the computer’s contentscontents

• Hierarchical structure of directories:Hierarchical structure of directories:– DrivesDrives

• FoldersFoldersSubfoldersSubfolders

» FilesFiles


Viewing and Sorting Viewing and Sorting Files and FoldersFiles and Folders

• Windows ExplorerWindows Explorer

– Tiles ViewTiles View



• Windows ExplorerWindows Explorer– Thumbnail ViewThumbnail View




– Icon ViewIcon View




– List ViewList View




– Detail ViewDetail View

– Sorted and Sorted and groupedgrouped


Naming FilesNaming Files

• Filename:Filename:– Name assigned plus Name assigned plus

filename extensionfilename extension

• only characters not only characters not legal in filenames are: legal in filenames are: \ ⁄ : * ? " < > ¦\ ⁄ : * ? " < > ¦

• all others are allowedall others are allowed

Bioreport.doc

or

Bio report.doc


File Name ExtensionsFile Name Extensions

• Filename Filename extensions:extensions:– Used by Used by

programsprograms

ExtensioExtension n

Type of Type of DocumentDocument

Application Application

.doc.doc Word processing Word processing documentdocument

Microsoft Word; Microsoft Word; Corel Word Corel Word PerfectPerfect

.xls.xls WorkbookWorkbook Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Excel

.ppt.ppt PowerPoint PowerPoint presentationpresentation

Microsoft Microsoft PowerPointPowerPoint

.mdb.mdb DatabaseDatabase Microsoft AccessMicrosoft Access

.bmp.bmp Bitmap imageBitmap image WindowsWindows

.zip.zip Compressed fileCompressed file WinZipWinZip

.pdf.pdf Portable Portable Document Document FormatFormat

Adobe AcrobatAdobe Acrobat

.htm .htm or .htmlor .html

Web pageWeb page Hypertext Hypertext Markup Markup LanguageLanguage


File pathFile path

• File pathFile path– Location of the fileLocation of the file

C: Tech in Action\TIA Pics\\My Documents\ dotmatrix.gif

Drive Primary folder

Secondary folders

Filename


Working with FilesWorking with Files

• File management File management actions:actions:– OpenOpen– CopyCopy– MoveMove– RenameRename– DeleteDelete

• Recycle binRecycle binSaving files


Utility ProgramsUtility Programs

• Small application programs that perform Small application programs that perform special functions:special functions:– Manage system resourcesManage system resources– Create pleasant environmentCreate pleasant environment– Improve efficiencyImprove efficiency


Display UtilitiesDisplay Utilities

• Change the appearance of:Change the appearance of:– DesktopDesktop– Windows colorsWindows colors– Font sizesFont sizes– Screen saversScreen savers– Screen resolutionScreen resolution


Add or Remove ProgramsAdd or Remove Programs

• Installation wizardInstallation wizard• Uninstall wizard:Uninstall wizard:

– Do not delete programsDo not delete programs


File Compression ProgramsFile Compression Programs

• Reduce the size of a Reduce the size of a file:file:– Removes Removes

redundanciesredundancies


System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities

• Disk cleanupDisk cleanup– Cleans unnecessary Cleans unnecessary

filesfiles



• Disk defragmenterDisk defragmenter• ScanDisk:ScanDisk:

– Error checkerError checker



• Task managerTask manager


System RestoreSystem Restore

• System Restore:System Restore:– Restores the Restores the

system settings system settings back to a specific back to a specific datedate


System BackupSystem Backup

• Backup:Backup:– Creates a copy of the Creates a copy of the

hard drive to another hard drive to another storage devicestorage device

• Task SchedulerTask Scheduler– Sets a time to run Sets a time to run

selected utilities selected utilities automaticallyautomatically


Accessibility UtilitiesAccessibility Utilities

• Utility manager:Utility manager:– Magnify screen imageMagnify screen image– Screen contents Screen contents

narrationnarration– On-screen keyboardOn-screen keyboard


Chapter 5 Summary QuestionsChapter 5 Summary Questions

• What software is included in system What software is included in system software?software?



• What are the different kinds of operating What are the different kinds of operating systems?systems?



• What are the most common desktop What are the most common desktop operating systems?operating systems?



• How does the operating system provide How does the operating system provide user interaction with the computer?user interaction with the computer?



• How does the operating system help How does the operating system help manage: manage: – The processor?The processor?– Memory and storage?Memory and storage?– Hardware and peripheral devices?Hardware and peripheral devices?– Application software?Application software?



• How does the operating system help the How does the operating system help the computer start up?computer start up?



• What are the main desktop and windows What are the main desktop and windows features?features?



• How does the operating system help keep How does the operating system help keep the computer organized?the computer organized?



• What utility programs are included in What utility programs are included in system software and what do they do?system software and what do they do?