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© 2007 IBM Corporation
IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0
Becky GibsonWeb Accessibility Architect
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Web 2.0 Overview Web 2.0 Accessibility Concerns Addressing Web 2.0 Accessibility
– Technologies
– Tooling
– Testing Demo Summary
Agenda
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
What is Web 2.0?
Dynamic– Incremental updates, multimedia
Interactive– Maps, web services
Collaborative– Wikis, blogs
– Crowdsourcing – http://www.istockphoto.com
– Collective intelligence
– Amazon Mechanical Turk - http://www.mturk.com/mturk/welcome– Digg - http://www.digg.com/news– del.icio.us - http://del.icio.us/
“Thus, mastery of architectures of participation to create real value will be essential to success in the Web of the future.” Dion Hinchcliffe
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Google Maps
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
iStockPhoto
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Web 2.0 Technologies
JavaScript CSS – Cascading Style Sheets Ajax – Asynchronous JavaScript and XML Multimedia
Change in Web Technology Usage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
% U
sa
ge
JavaScript
CSS
Iframes
Frames
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Yahoo! – February 29, 2000
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Yahoo! – May 2, 2007
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
AOL – February 29, 2000
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
AOL – May 2, 2007
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Web 2.0 Accessibility Concerns
Rich Interface controls– Reliance on Mouse
– Lack of Semantics Incremental Updates via Ajax
– Unexpected / Unaware
– Unable to locate Changes in focus Excessive Navigation Multimedia
– Lack of captioning
– Interaction issues
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Addressing Web 2.0 Accessibility
Updated Web Technologies– Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA)
– IAccessible2 Development Tools
– Integrated Development Environments
– Toolkits Testing Tools
– Rule-based Accessibility Validation Environment (RAVEN)
– Functional Web Accessibility Evaluator (FAE) Assistive Technologies
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Updated Web Technologies - ARIA
Allows creation of rich user interface components Full keyboard navigation Non-intrusive notification of updated content
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Need for ARIA
Navigation– All components must be keyboard Accessible
– Remove reliance on tab key navigation
Notification of updated content
Assistive Technology (AT) Support– AT work via platform accessibility APIs
– Only basic HTML elements are supported– Scripted Web content is not supported
– Assistive Technology needs to:– Know active roles of scripted user interface components– Monitor states of scripted user interface components
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
ARIA Overview
Add role semantics to scripted user interface (UI) elements Update state information dynamically Make items focusable via tabindex attribute Add keyboard event handling
– Mimic the keyboard behavior of the rich client UI
– Minimize tab key navigation Add live region information and notification behavior* Extensible via RDF in future
*Live region support coming in Firefox 3
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
ARIA Support
Support for HTML and XHTML Implemented in Firefox 1.5 and later versions Supported by Window-Eyes and Jaws
– Window-Eyes 5.5 or later
– Partial support in JAWS 7.1, more in JAWS 8.0
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
ARIA Demo
Available at http://www.weba11y.com/AjaxDemo/sample.html
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Updated Web Technologies – Accessibility APIs
Each platform has Accessibility API to communicate with AT– Accessibility ToolKit (ATK) for GNOME
– Java Accessibility API
– Microsoft Active Accessibility (MSAA) for Windows
– UI Automation for Vista MSAA created many years ago
– No access to advanced functionality
– ATs rely on off-screen models and private application APIs
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Updated Web Technologies – IAccessible2
Extends MSAA to add missing functionality–rich text, tables, relations
–ARIA Live Regions Harmonizes with newer APIs of Java and Linux Interface donated to The Linux Foundation as
Open Standard Will be implemented in Firefox 3 Being integrated into Eclipse
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Development Tools
Web Toolkits– Dojo
– Scriptaculous
– Prototype
– Google Web Toolkit (GWT)
– Yahoo! User Interface (YUI)
– More….. Integrated Development Environments
– Rational Web Developer
– Ajax Toolkit Framework
– More…..
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Dojo
Open Source JavaScript Toolkit– “Easy” Ajax
– Data Binding
– Full event system
– Browser abstraction layer
– User Interface Widgets
– Dual Licensed– Academic Free License v2.1 – BSD License
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Dojo 1.0 Core Widgets (Dijit)
Fully Accessible via ARIA Techniques Internationalized Standard Look and Feel Developer Documentation
– API– User Manual
Supported Browsers– Firefox 2.0– IE 6+– Safari (latest)
Data Binding– Tree, Grid, Select
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Dojo Demo
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Accessibility Testing Tools
Test against published standards Many tools evaluate the “over the wire” HTML
– Bobby from Watchfire
– WebKing from Parasoft
– More … Difficult to evaluate server side technologies Issues with dynamic Web 2.0 content Need more interactive solutions
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
RAVEN Rule-based Accessibility Validation ENvironment
Set of Eclipse plug-ins Originally developed for validating Java GUIs
– Java AWT and Swing
– Eclipse SWT Integrates accessibility testing into development environment Operates via an XML based set of rules Supports Validation of Dynamic HTML
– Uses IAccessible2 Being updated to support ARIA
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IBM Emerging Technologies
Enabling an Accessible Web 2.0 | May 2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
Summary
Web 2.0 is dynamic and constantly evolving Accessibility of Web 2.0 is possible through
– Updated Technologies
– Toolkits and Development Environments
– Testing Tools