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© 2005 Clairmont Press© 2005 Clairmont Press
Chapter 4Chapter 4
1477-17521477-1752
ExplorersExplorers
Essential QuestionsEssential QuestionsWhich European countries
explored and attempted to colonize the Southeastern United States?
How did Native American culture change as a result of European exploration?
Day 1
The Amazing RaceThe Amazing Race of Discovery of Discovery
100010001000 Early Viking explorer Leif Ericson
arrives in North America.
120012001271 Marco Polo travels to China to get
spices, jewels, perfumes, and silks.
1295 Marco Polo returns from China with fascinating tales of the Far East.
130013001347 “Black Death,” a plague, kills one
third of Europe’s population.
140014001400 Small, light Portugese ships called
caravels explore the coast of Africa.
1400 Prince Henry builds a school of navigation. His ships find a route around the southern tip of Africa.
1450 Portugese build larger ships called - 1500 Merchant Ships to use for trade.
1488 Bartholomeu Dias wants to find an all- water route to Asia by heading around
Africa. He makes it as far as the southern tip of Africa.
140014001492 Christopher Columbus completes his
first voyage to San Salvador (Salvador means “Holy Savior.”)
1497 John Cabot wanted to find an all-water route to Asia by traveling north and west.
1498 Columbus completes voyages to South America.
1498 Vasco da Gama wanted to find an all-water route to Asia by heading around Africa.
1499 Amerigo Vespucci voyages to the Americas.
150015001506 Christopher Columbus dies
believing he had discovered an unknown part of Asia.
1507 Geographer Waldseemuller names the continent America after
mapmaker Amerigo Vespucci.
1513 Juan Ponce de Leon was looking for gold and the “fountain of youth”. He claimed Florida.
150015001513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa wanted to find
riches a way across America; first European to reach the Pacific Ocean.
1519 Hernando Cortes wanted to conquer the Aztecs for their gold and silver. He
conquered the Aztecs, stole their gold and silver, and claimed their land for Spain.
1519 - Ferdinand Magellan wanted to reach 1522 Indies by sailing west. Though he was
killed, his crew reached the Indies and sailed around the world.
150015001524 Giovanni da Verrazano wanted to find
a Northwest Passage to Asia. He explored the coast of North America from what is now the State of North Carolina up to Canada.
1531 Francisco Pizarro wanted to conquer the Incas and take all of their gold and silver.
1534 Jacques Cartier wanted to find a Northwest Passage to Asia. He discovered the Gulf
of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence River and claimed the area of France.
150015001539 Hernando de Soto explores the
Southeast, reaching the Mississippi River.
1540 Francisco de Coronado travels in the Southwest.
1550 England builds a speedy fleet of royal ships called Men-of-War.
150015001562 Jean Ribault explores Coast of
North Florida and Georgia.
1565 Pedro Menendez explores St. Augustine and established Spain’s 1st Successful Settlement.
1577 Sir Francis Drake was the first Englishman to sail around the world.
160016001608 Samuel de Champlain called the
“Father of New France,” is the first explorer of his day to see the Great Lakes.
1609 Henry Hudson investigates the Hudson River and Canada for
England.
1673 Father Jacque Marquette and Louis Joliet explore the upper Mississippi.
Day 2
11stst European Explorer European ExplorerLeif Ericson – Around 1000
1st European to set foot on North America
Viking ExplorerSailed from GreenlandLanded along the
coast of Canada.Settled Briefly,
but Returned to Greenland
Explorer Date Country Represented
Leif Ericson 1000 Viking
Territory Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Coast of Canada Settled Briefly, But Returned to Greenland
Age of DiscoveryAge of Discovery• For almost 3 centuries, European
nations would challenge each other for rights to the Western Hemisphere.
Europeans believed the world consisted of only 3 continents:
Far EastFar East• Europeans
were really interested in the Far East
(a region of Southeastern Asia that included India, China, and Japan).
Source of GoodsSource of Goods
• Silk
• Spices
• Tea
• Gems
• Muslim traders in western Asia, however, controlled the land and sea routes over which these goods were supplied to the west.
• The Age of
Discovery
began
because
European
nations
wanted
their own direct access to the Far East.
PortugalPortugal• Portugal took an early lead in this race.• Explored the western coast of Africa in search of
an eastern route to the Indies.• In 1497, Vasco de Gama was the first European to
journey to India by sea.
Explorer Date Country Represented
Vasco de Gama 1497 Portugal
Territory Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
western coast of Africa
Found Eastern Route to the Indies
SpainSpain• Christopher Columbus believed that only
ocean separated Europe from the Indies...
• King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella financed his great exploration.
• Columbus was
instructed to discover
and conquer any
islands or continents
he should find on
behalf of Spain.
Columbus Sets SailColumbus Sets Sail• Christopher Columbus and his crew
set sail aboard the The Nina, Pinta, and Santa
Maria.
• Journey
Took
6 Weeks
• Columbus discovered San Salvador Island (part of today’s Bahamas) on October 12, 1492.
Convinced that these were part of the Indies, Columbus called the dark-skinned natives – Indians (term Europeans came to apply to all natives in this newly discovered world.)
• Disappointed to find no silk, spices, or riches, except for native jewelry.
• Returned to Spain with the great news that a westward route had been found.
Columbus later explored the coasts of Central and South America and other Caribbean islands.
Explorer Date Country Represented
Christopher Columbus 1492 Spain
Territory Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Discovered North AmericaExplored the Island of San Salvador
Discovered the New World and Opened It for European Exploration
Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci Italian Businessman
Mapmaker
AmericaAmerica Convinced that a new continent had been
found Called the new region a New World named the
new land “America.” Soon other explorers discovered that
“America” was not just one continent but two...
Line of DemarcationLine of DemarcationAll lands east of this line could be claimed by Portugal, while land to the west (including Georgia) went to Spain.
England & FranceEngland & FranceOther European nations refused to accept Spain and Portugal’s division of the Americas between themselves. England and France prepared to make their own explorations.
EnglandEngland
In 1497, John Cabot sailed from England to the northeastern coast of North America.
Explorer Date Country Represented
John Cabot 1497 England
Territory Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Explored Coast of North America
Established England’s Claim to the Eastern Seaboard of NorthAmerica
The Race Is On...The Race Is On...Spain financed more than 80 voyages to the
New World during the 12 years after Columbus’s first voyage.
How much land could an How much land could an explorer claim and explorer claim and
for how long?for how long?Any first discovery claims had to be followed by
actual occupation It was not enough to plant a flag on the beach. To enforce a claim, settlers and soldiers from
the explorer’s country must follow and colonize (occupy and control) the land.
Did not require permission from Native Americans.
Felt a moral duty to convert the natives to Christianity.
Spain Spain Comes to Comes to
the the SoutheastSoutheast
Convert the Natives
Discover New Riches
Expand ItsEmpire
More Than Gold Changed Hands...
Juan Ponce de LeonJuan Ponce de LeonIn 1513, First explorer to set foot on the soil
of what today is the United States (Florida Coast/St. Augustine.
Came in search of riches, adventure, and a legendary fountain of youth
Explorer Date Country Represented
Juan Ponce de Leon 1) 15132) 1521
Spain
Territory Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
1) Eastern Coast of Florida
2) Western Coast of Florida
First Spanish Explorer to Set Foot on North American MainlandFailed to Find the Fountain of Youth
Lucas Vazquez de AllyonLucas Vazquez de AllyonA young Spanish lawyer Owner of a sugar cane plantation that was worked by Indian slaves Many of the slaves died from diseaseBegan looking to the north for more Indians to enslaveArrived in present-day South Carolina and then sailed southward Established a new settlement of men, women, children,
and Africans called San Miguel de Gualdape However, cold weather and Allyon’s death followed. Soon, San Miguel de Gualdape was abandoned.
Explorer Date Country Represented
Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon 1526 Spain
Territory Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Explored South Carolina and Georgia Coast
First European to Set Foot in GeorgiaUnsuccessfully Attempted a Settlement
Mission: Search for Gold & Conquer Hostile Indians
Hernando de SotoHernando de Soto
• In return, he would be given a title, land, and a portion of the colony’s profits.
In 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto, with hundreds of men, marched north from Tampa, Florida into southwest Georgia (near today’s Albany).
The MississippiansThe Mississippians• On this journey, the Spanish
encountered the Indian chiefdoms of the Mississippian period.
Journey of Death & Journey of Death & DisappointmentDisappointment
• Food was a continual problem.• Often seized stored food supplies from Indians.• Meat was in such short supply that the expedition reportedly even ate the dogs of some Indian villages.
De Soto’s weapons, plated armor, and horses overwhelmed the Native Americans; thousands of American Indians in Georgia died, many from disease brought by the Spaniards.
DiseasesDiseases The Native Americans were exposed for
the first time to European diseases against which they had little resistance.
MeaslesChicken poxSmall pox
During the two centuries following the discovery of
the New World, 90% of the Native
Population vanished.
DescendantsDescendants
CherokeesCreeks
The Spaniards marched across Georgia into South Carolina, but never found the gold they sought.
Explorer Date Country Represented
Hernando de Soto 1540 Spain
Territory Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Explored Georgia and Southeastern North America
Failed to Find Riches, Brought Death and Destruction to Indians
French Claims in the French Claims in the SoutheastSoutheast
• France was the 3rd European power to enter the race for North America.
• Giovanni de Verrazano believed that he could sail westward
from Europe to Asia.
• First, landed on
the Carolina coast.
Explorer Date Country Represented
Giovanni de Verrazano 1524 France
Territory Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Explored Coast of North America
Established France’s Claim to North America
Jean RibaultJean Ribault• Jean Ribault and a band of 150 Hugenots
(French Protestants) landed on Florida’s coast and sailed northward looking for a place to settle.
Charles FortCharles FortJust north of present-day Savannah, Ribault
discovered a protected inlet, which he named Port Royal.
The French constructed Charles Fort, the first European fort on the North American mainland.
Two years later a second group of Hugenots arrived and
built Fort Caroline.
Explorer Date Country Represented
Jean Ribault 1562 France
Territory Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Explored Coast of North Florida and Georgia
Established Charles Fort in the Carolinas, north of Present Day Savannah
Catholic Spain Was Catholic Spain Was Outraged! Outraged!
• Pedro Menendez and a large force of soldiers and colonists sailed from Spain.
• They quickly drove the French out and captured Fort Caroline and then executed the French Huguenots.
Spanish SettlementsSpanish Settlements• Menendez founded St. Augustine (Spain’s
first successful settlement in North America).
• In an attempt to convert the Indians to Christianity, Spain built Catholic Missions.
• Friars (Church missionaries) lived and worked with the Indians at these outposts.
Explorer Date Country Represented
Pedro Menendez 1565 Spain
Territory Discovered/Explored
Results of Exploration
Florida Founded St. Augustine, Spain’s first successful settlement in North America
Spanish Settlements in Spanish Settlements in GeorgiaGeorgia
• Georgia’s coast was divided into two Spanish provinces: