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Chapter 4

Telecommunications and the Internet

Information Systems TodayInformation Systems TodayLeonard Jessup & Joseph ValacichLeonard Jessup & Joseph Valacich

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Chapter 4 Objectives

Understand the role of telecommunications Understand the role of telecommunications in organizationsin organizations

Understand the evolution of computer Understand the evolution of computer networksnetworks

Understand the Internet and how it worksUnderstand the Internet and how it works Understand basic Internet servicesUnderstand basic Internet services Understand the use of the World Wide WebUnderstand the use of the World Wide Web

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The Role of Telecommunicationsand Networks in Organizations DefinitionsDefinitions

TelecommunicationsTelecommunications – – the transmission of all the transmission of all forms of information, including digital data, forms of information, including digital data, voice, fax, sound, and video, from one location voice, fax, sound, and video, from one location to another over some type of networkto another over some type of network

NetworkNetwork –– a group of computers and associated a group of computers and associated peripheral devices connected by a peripheral devices connected by a communication channel capable of sharing communication channel capable of sharing information and other resources (e.g., like a information and other resources (e.g., like a printer) between usersprinter) between users

BandwidthBandwidth – – the carrying capacity of the carrying capacity of telecommunications networkstelecommunications networks

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The Role of Telecommunicationsand Networks in Organizations

Interpersonal Communication ApplicationsInterpersonal Communication Applications E-mailE-mail Internet Relay Chat (IRC) = instant messagingInternet Relay Chat (IRC) = instant messaging Facsimile (fax)Facsimile (fax) Voice mailVoice mail VideoconferencingVideoconferencing

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The Role of Telecommunicationsand Networks in Organizations

Common Business ApplicationsCommon Business Applications E-CommerceE-Commerce Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) TelecommutingTelecommuting Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT)Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) Distance LearningDistance Learning TelemedicineTelemedicine

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Evolution of Computer Networking

Sharing InformationSharing Information Senders and receiversSenders and receivers Transmission mediaTransmission media Rules or protocolsRules or protocols

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Evolution of Computer Networking

Computer NetworksComputer Networks DigitizingDigitizing ModemModem

Centralized ComputingCentralized Computing TerminalsTerminals

Distributed ComputingDistributed Computing Collaborative ComputingCollaborative Computing

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Evolution of Computer Networking

Types of NetworksTypes of Networks Private Branch Exchange (PBX)Private Branch Exchange (PBX) Local Area Network (LAN)Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN)Wide Area Network (WAN)

Global NetworksGlobal NetworksEnterprise NetworksEnterprise NetworksValue-Added Networks (VANs)Value-Added Networks (VANs)Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)Personal Area Networks (PANs)Personal Area Networks (PANs)

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The Internet

How did the Internet Get Started?How did the Internet Get Started? ARPANETARPANET

U.S. DefenseU.S. DefenseAdvanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)

NSFNETNSFNETNational Science FoundationNational Science Foundation

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The Internet

Internet TechnologiesInternet Technologies Packet-Switching TechnologyPacket-Switching Technology TCP/IPTCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTransmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolIP DatagramIP Datagram

Connecting Independent NetworksConnecting Independent NetworksRoutersRoutersBackbone NetworkBackbone Network

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The Internet

Web Domain Names and AddressesWeb Domain Names and Addresses Uniform Resource Locator (URL)Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Common domain extensionsCommon domain extensions

.edu .org .mil .com .net.edu .org .mil .com .net .ca .th .no (country codes).ca .th .no (country codes)

IP AddressesIP Addresses

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The Internet

Who Manages the Internet?Who Manages the Internet? The Internet RegistryThe Internet Registry –– acts as a central acts as a central

repository for Internet-related repository for Internet-related information and which provides central information and which provides central allocation of network system identifiersallocation of network system identifiers

Domain Name System (DNS)Domain Name System (DNS) – a system – a system

used to associate Internet host names used to associate Internet host names with their Internet IP addresseswith their Internet IP addresses

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The Internet

Who Manages the Internet?Who Manages the Internet? Internet Corporation for Assigned Internet Corporation for Assigned

Names and Numbers (ICANN)Names and Numbers (ICANN) – – a non-a non-profit corporation manages IP addresses, profit corporation manages IP addresses, domain names, and root server system domain names, and root server system managementmanagement

InterNIC Registration ServiceInterNIC Registration Service – – assigns assigns Internet addressesInternet addresses

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The Internet

How Do You connect to the How Do You connect to the Internet?Internet?Internet Service Providers (ISPs)Internet Service Providers (ISPs) Network Access Points (NAPs)Network Access Points (NAPs)Internet backboneInternet backbone

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The Internet

How Fast Is Your Connection?How Fast Is Your Connection? Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Digital Subsciber Line (DSL)Digital Subsciber Line (DSL) Cable ModemsCable Modems Satellite ConnectionsSatellite Connections T1 LinesT1 Lines Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

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The Internet

Security in the Internet AgeSecurity in the Internet Age EncryptionEncryption FirewallsFirewalls AuthenticationAuthentication

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The Internet

State of the InternetState of the Internet What are people doing on the Internet?What are people doing on the Internet?

E-mailE-mail What next for the Internet?What next for the Internet?

Internet2Internet2Abilene network backboneAbilene network backbone

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The Internet Internet ToolsInternet Tools

E-mailE-mail TelnetTelnet File transferFile transfer ListservListserv UsenetUsenet ArchieArchie WAISWAIS GopherGopher Voice over IPVoice over IP

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World Wide Web Web browserWeb browser HypertextHypertext HyperlinksHyperlinks Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Web serversWeb servers Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Uniform Resource Locator (URL)Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

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World Wide Web World Wide Web ArchitectureWorld Wide Web Architecture World Wide Web ApplicationsWorld Wide Web Applications

Electronic brochureElectronic brochure Online orderingOnline ordering Electronic marketplacesElectronic marketplaces Online customer serviceOnline customer service