© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

English Brushup, English Brushup, 3E3E

John LanganJohn Langan

Other Punctuation MarksOther Punctuation MarksChapter 11

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

End Marks

• A sentence always begins with a capital letter. It always

– a period

– a question mark, or

– an exclamation point.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Period (.)

Use a period after a sentence that makes a statement.

Sam is seven feet tall.

Use a period after most abbreviations.

Dr. Butcher M.D.

Ms. Marple A.M.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Question Mark (?)Use a question mark

after a direct question.

“What color is that Martian?” Ed asked.

Do not use a question mark after an indirect question.

Sue asked how Ed’s therapy was going.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Exclamation Point (!)

Use an exclamation point after a word or sentence that expresses strong feeling.

Wow! This liver is tasty!

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

• The colon is often a mark of introduction. Use The colon is often a mark of introduction. Use the colon at the end of a the colon at the end of a COMPLETECOMPLETE statement to do the following:statement to do the following:

1. Introduce a list which explains the complete statement.

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: The music store sells a wide variety The music store sells a wide variety of items: compact discs, cassettes, and clothes.of items: compact discs, cassettes, and clothes.

Colon (:)Colon (:)

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. Introduce a long quotation.

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: The policy is stated on the doorThe policy is stated on the door:: All All our merchandise is considered valuable. Those our merchandise is considered valuable. Those who enter this store are responsible for their who enter this store are responsible for their behavior. This includes children, who must be behavior. This includes children, who must be supervised. If any customer damages any supervised. If any customer damages any merchandise, he must pay for it.merchandise, he must pay for it.

Colon (:)Colon (:)Colon (:)Colon (:)

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

SEMICOLON (;)SEMICOLON (;)

• The semicolonsemicolon is used to join two complete thoughts that are so closely connected that you want to write them as one sentence.

Marty was not a cashier; he was a sales Marty was not a cashier; he was a sales associate.associate.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

HYPHEN (-)There are two uses for the hyphen.

1 . With two or more words that act as a single unit describing a noun.

The one-of-a-kind Christmas wreaths were very The one-of-a-kind Christmas wreaths were very expensive.expensive.

2. To divide a word at the end of a line of writing or typing.

The salespersons attended training sessions to in-sure The salespersons attended training sessions to in-sure that even when customers are antagonistic, that even when customers are antagonistic, the staff the staff responds politely.responds politely.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

PARENTHESIS ( )PARENTHESIS ( )• Use parentheses to set off extra or incidental

information from the rest of a sentence.In modern malls the food court (once a simple soda In modern malls the food court (once a simple soda

fountain) has become a meeting place for friends.fountain) has become a meeting place for friends.

NOTE:NOTE: Sometimes parentheses enclose letters or numbers that signal items in a series.

SPECIAL NOTE:SPECIAL NOTE: DO NOT USE PARENTHESES TOO OFTEN. They can make you sound uncertain or hesitant.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Punctuation Review

Americans debate whether the citizens could accept a woman as president yet women have ruled numerous countries throughout history.

Insert punctuation where necessary. (Click to see the answer.)Insert punctuation where necessary. (Click to see the answer.)

Answer: Americans debate whether the citizens could accept a

woman as president,, yet women have ruled numerous countries throughout history.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

When Octavian later known as the Roman When Octavian later known as the Roman Emperor Augustus declared war against Emperor Augustus declared war against Cleopatra and Mark Anthony the queen Cleopatra and Mark Anthony the queen insisted on taking part in the military insisted on taking part in the military campaign.campaign.

Insert punctuation where necessary.Insert punctuation where necessary.

Punctuation Review

Answer: When Octavian When Octavian ((later later known as the Roman Emperor known as the Roman Emperor

AugustusAugustus)) declared war against Cleopatra declared war against Cleopatra

and Mark Anthonyand Mark Anthony,, the queen the queen insisted on taking part insisted on taking part

in the military campaign.in the military campaign.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Mark Anthony who was deceived by a false Mark Anthony who was deceived by a false report of the death of Cleopatra could not face report of the death of Cleopatra could not face life without her and committed suicide.life without her and committed suicide.

Insert punctuation where necessary.Insert punctuation where necessary.

Punctuation Review

Answer:- Personal preference -- either comma, parentheses, or even dashes. One good solution:

Mark AnthonyMark Anthony,, who was deceived by a false report of the death of who was deceived by a false report of the death of

CleopatraCleopatra, , could not face life without her and committed suicide.could not face life without her and committed suicide.Note:: There is no comma before the “and” because

there are not two complete sentences.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Catherine the Great was not the first Catherine the Great was not the first empress of Russia named Catherine she empress of Russia named Catherine she was the second of that name.was the second of that name.

Insert punctuation where necessary.Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer: Catherine the Great Catherine the Great was not the first empress of was not the first empress of

Russia named CatherineRussia named Catherine; ; she was the second of that name.she was the second of that name.

Punctuation Review

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Catherine the Great established new Catherine the Great established new institutions in Russia the first Russian institutions in Russia the first Russian school for girls a medical college and school for girls a medical college and health care for her subjects.health care for her subjects.

Insert punctuation where necessary.Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer :Answer : Catherine the Great Catherine the Great

established new institutions in Russiaestablished new institutions in Russia::

the first Russian school for girlsthe first Russian school for girls,, a medical collegea medical college,, and and

health care for her subjects.health care for her subjects.

Punctuation Review

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

People believe that Marie Antoinette said Let them eat People believe that Marie Antoinette said Let them eat cake.cake.

Insert punctuation where necessary.Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer : People believe that Marie Antoinette People believe that Marie Antoinette

saidsaid,, ““Let them eat cake.Let them eat cake.””

Punctuation Review

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Kerry replied When the Habsburg family Kerry replied When the Habsburg family reigned in Europe, one very successful ruler reigned in Europe, one very successful ruler was a woman. What was her name?was a woman. What was her name?

Kerry replied___ ___When the Habsburg family Kerry replied___ ___When the Habsburg family reigned in Europe, one very successful ruler reigned in Europe, one very successful ruler was a woman. What was her name?___was a woman. What was her name?___

Insert punctuation where necessary.Insert punctuation where necessary.Answer : , comma/ “open quote /Answer : , comma/ “open quote /

” ” closed quoteclosed quote

Punctuation Review

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Kerry replied When the Habsburg family Kerry replied When the Habsburg family reigned in Europe, one very successful reigned in Europe, one very successful ruler was a woman. What was her ruler was a woman. What was her name?name?

Insert punctuation where necessary.Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer: Kerry replied Kerry replied, “, “When the Habsburg When the Habsburg family reigned in Europe, one very successful family reigned in Europe, one very successful

ruler was a woman. What was her nameruler was a woman. What was her name?”?”

Punctuation Review

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

I always get confused Bernie said about I always get confused Bernie said about Mary Queen of Scots.Mary Queen of Scots.

Insert punctuation where necessary.Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer: “ “I always get confusedI always get confused,”,” Bernie saidBernie said,, ““about Mary Queen of Scotsabout Mary Queen of Scots.”.”

Punctuation Review

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Pocahontas was an influential character in Pocahontas was an influential character in American history our own princess.American history our own princess.

Pocahontas was an influential character in Pocahontas was an influential character in American history___ our own princess.American history___ our own princess.

Insert punctuation where necessary.Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer : - dashAnswer : - dash

Punctuation Review

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Pocahontas was an influential character in Pocahontas was an influential character in American history our own princess.American history our own princess.

Insert punctuation where necessary.Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer: Pocahontas was an Pocahontas was an influential character in American influential character in American

historyhistory – – our own princess.our own princess.

Punctuation Review