.. 60
1970:
, 12 2010
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46 51 75
, , - 1975 , - 1976
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2
, , . , . . , . . . . , . . , , . . , . , .
3
, , , , . , . . ( ) . ; ; ; 1973; ; - ; , 54% 1974, 1981;
4
, . , . , : , . . . , , . D. Close R. Clogg,1 . . , (transition)
,
1
D. Close, , 1945-2004. , , , , , 2006. R. Clogg, , 1770-2000, ,
, 2003.
5
. , ,2 , .3 , .4 : , . , , ( , , , ). 2
. , , , , 2008. . , . , 1974-1988, , , 2001. . , (1974-1988), ,
, 1989. 3 P. W. Drake, Labor Movements and Dictatorships. The
Southern Cone in Comparative Perspective, , Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1996. N. Diamandouros, Regime Change and the
Prospects for Democracy in Greece (1974-1983), G. ODonnel et al
(.), Transitions from Authoritarian Rule. Southern Europe, , Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1986, . 138-162. P. Ioakimidis, Greece:
From Military Dictatorship to Socialism, A. Williams (.) Southern
Europe Transformed. Political and Economic Change in Greece, Italy,
Portugal and Spain, , Harper & Row, 1984, . 33-60. 4 .. C.
Jecchinis, The Role of Trade Unions in the Social Development of
Greece, E. Kassalow & U. Damachi, The Role of Trade Unions in
Developing Societies, , International Institute for Labour Studies,
1982, . 52-66.
6
,5 ,6 .7 , ( & ) , . , - - , . , - - .8 ,
5
, . 5 , 1979-1984, , , 1984. & , , , , 1984. 6 , 1973. 10 ,
, , 1984. 7 (3 .), , , 2003. 8 . , , , , 1996. . , (1947-1987), , ,
.. . , : (1938-1984), , , 1994.
7
( ), , . : , : , , , , , , , . - . , , , . , , 1968 ,9 ,
9
Liakos, A., Contentious Historisation. The Conference on 1968,
Forty Years Later, Historein, . 9, 2009, . 152-53.
8
, , .10 , 1968.11 , , . , . , , .12 , , E. P. Thompson
10
.. G. Eley, Forging Democracy. The History of the Left in
Europe, 1850-2000, , Oxford University Press, 2002, . 341-365. .
Hobsbawm, , , , 1999. 11 C. Crouch & A. Pizzorno (.), The
Resurgence of Class Conflict in Western Europe Since 1968 (2 .), ,
Macmillan Press, 1979. 12 . , . , 1908-1936, , , 2005. . , : ,
1950-1967, , , 2009.
9
.13 ( , , Thompson, , - - , .14 .) , . , , , , . , .
13
E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, ,
Penguin, 1991. History Workshop Journal, Social History Past and
Present. 14 E. P. Thompson, Eighteenth Century English Society:
Class Struggle without Class?, Social History, . 3, . 2 ( 1978), .
146-164. P. Joyce (.), Class, , Oxford University Press, .
133142.
10
1970 1980 , . , , , , , ,
. , . - - Close , , ,15 . ( 25 1976 , ) , , , , , , , , , .
15
D. Close, , .., . 219.
11
- - . , , . 1981 , , , . , , , , , . ; 1970; - ; 12
; , , ; ; 1980; ; , , , .
, , , , 1975, , , - , . , . ; . , , , ( ) 13
, . , , , . , , . . ( ), ( ), , , , , . , , . , 14
. , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , , , , , , 1970. , , . , . , , ,
, , , , 15
, , , . , , , , . , , ,
, , , , . . , ,
. , - 1936, , () 1941-44 - , ,
16
. , .16 , , , , , 1968 . , , , , , (), , . , , 1973, , , , ,
.17
16
, , .. 1936 , , . , , . , , . 17 , S. Ioannidis, The Industrial
Committees Movement in Athens, 1974-79, University of Sussex, 2008,
.
17
, 1968. , , , . , , , , , , . , , ( 28 25 , )
, .
18
. , . (Clogg, Close ..), ( & ..). , , . , . , . E. P.
Thompson Gareth Stedman Jones , . , , 1975 1976. 19
, , , . , . 1970.
20
. , , ,
, - , , , . ( ) . , , , . . 21
, . , . , , , , . , . , ( ,
, ..) . , - , . ( ) 22
, 1970. , . - , , . ,
18
, . . , , . , , , . , . , . 18
Paul Thompson, The Voice of the Past, , Oxford University Press,
2000, . 6.
23
,
, , . , . ( ), . , ,
. , , -
. D. Close R. Clogg, , 24
. , ,
(, , ) . - - , . , . . - . ( ), 1974 25
, , . , - - . , 1973 ( , , 1963 , ). , 1970 1980 . : , , , ,
, , ,
, .19 , , 19
Diamandouros, Prospects for Democracy, .., . 143. , , .., .
113-117.
26
, , 1975, ( , ), , 1974 . , , , , . , , , , . , , .
27
1980, 1981, .
, ( ) . . , , : 1974; , , , ; , , . 28
, . , ; . , , . , . : ) ( ) , ( ). , .
29
. Clogg Close P. W. Drake.20 ) , -
, , . - - . , . . . . , . , . . ( , , . ,
20
. . . N. Mouzelis, Capitalism and Dictatorship in Post-war
Greece, New Left Review, . 96 (- 1976), . 57-81. , . , . . , , . ,
, , . 257 ..
30
, D. Close , .) , . , . , , . - - , . , , . . , , ( ) () .
31
, . , , : , , , . -, . D. Close R. Clogg, . Close . , , .21 ,
Clogg 21
D. Close, , .., . 195. . . , .
32
. , Close, .22 P. W. Drake. , , . . , , . Drake
- , , . , .23
, , , ,24 ,
22 23
R. Clogg, , .., . 194. Drake, Labor Movements, .., . 75. Drake .
24 , . , , 1974-2009. , , , 2010, . 12.
33
, . Close
, .25
- - . , . , . :
, [] , , . , , 25
Close, , .., . 219.
34
, .26
. , .27
, . :
. , . , . , . [] [ ] , , , .28
26 27
Diamandouros, Prospects, .., . 153. . , , .., . 66. 28 , , .., .
115-116.
35
. , . .29 , . , , , . , , Close Clogg, , . , , ,
, , , ( , , ).
29
. , , . , , , 1978. . , - , 1870-2001, , ..., 2008, . 126. . ,
20 . , , , .. W. Fischer et al., (1936-1974), , , 1974, . 125 ..
.
36
, . ( Clogg) , ,
. , C. M. Woodhouse Caramanlis, the Restorer of Greek Democracy,
30 , , , . , . ; Close Clogg . , ( ) . : , 30
C. M. Woodhouse, Karamanlis: The Restorer of Greek Democracy, ,
Oxford University Press, 1984.
37
1974, 54% . , , , . .31 . , ( ;) . , . . . ( ) . ( , ,
31
Clogg, , .., . 200-201.
38
).32 , , , ( ). ,
, , , , [;] . , 25 1976 . .33 , , , . :
( ) , . [] []
32 33
& , , .., . 13. , . 20-22.
39
, [ ] .34
( ,35 )
, , . , , ( , ) . ( ); ; ; , ; ; ;
34 35
. S. Ioannidis, The Industrial Committees, ..
40
. . ( , 1968. ). . , ,
( ) - - , . [] . [] 41
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, .
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42
. , , . , , ( !) , .37 , , . : . . , , . , ( ), ,
.
37
S. Ioannidis, The Industrial Committees, ..
43
(, ..) .38 - - . , . ( ) , , , , 1981. , , . , . , , . wie es
eigentlich38
, , .., . 138-139.
44
gewesen, , , , , . , . . .
45
, . , , , , .39 , , Sussex 1969 1970 , Hobsbawm :
, , , : , . , , , , .40
39
, G. Eley, Playing it Safe. Or: How is Social History
Represented? The New Cambridge Social History of Britain, History
Workshop, . 35, ( 1993), . 206220. 40 E. J. Hobsbawm, Class
Consciousness in History, I. Meszaros (.) Aspects of History and
Class Consciousness, , Routledge, 1971, . 3.
46
. 1980, , .41 . 1990, . Patrick Joyce, , , , Eley Nield, :
. [ ] ; Eley Nield , , 41
Eley, Playing it Safe, .., . 207.
47
. [] [] [] [] . [] [ ] , . , , , Eley Nield.42
() , , , .43 19 , . ,42
P. Joyce, The End of Social History? A Brief Reply to Eley and
Nield, Social History, . 21, . 1, ( 1996), . 97. 43 . , , , , , ,
1984, . 35.
48
(, ...) , , .44 , 19 ( ) . ( ) , . , - - , . 1980 1990 ( ,
, ) (.. ,
44
. . (E. P. Thompson, Hobsbawm ..) ( ).
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, ) (
) , - . , , , . - - . : , . , ( , , , ). , , , 19 18 , ( , ,
...) 50
. , , , . , . ,
, , () , , E. P. Thompson , Gareth Stedman Jones, .
: . 20 , . , , 51
( , , , . ). , - . . . , . , , :
, , , , , .45
, E. J. Hobsbawm,
45
. & . , , , , 1999, . 54.
52
.46 ,
, . , . . .47
, , , . ,
, , . ,
46 47
E. J. Hobsbawm, Class Consciousness in History, .., . 6. .
Meszaros, Contingent and Necessary Class Consciousness, I. Meszaros
(.) Aspects of History, .., . 85. .
53
, , , , - , , , , .48
, , , . : ) ( ), ) () - , ) , , ( ) ) ( ).
48
K. Marx & F. Engels, The Holy Family, or Critique of
Critical Critique, , Lawrence and Wishart, 1957, . 73.
54
. , , ( ) ( ), , . , , , , ... , , . , , . ; ;, 1901. ; 55
1902. . , , , . , , . . ; , , , .49 , , , ( ) . , 49
. . , ; , , , 1977, . 43.
56
, , . , .50 , ( ; ). .51 . , , , . , , .
, ,
50 51
, . 38-40. , . 48.
57
( , ). 52 (
) . , ( ), . , , :
()
, 19 :
, , 52
, . 91.
58
. -, []. , , . [] .53
- [ ] , , .54 , , , .55 , - .56 , [ ] ,53 54
, . 39. . . 39. 55 , . 53. . 56 , . 105.
59
, . , .57 , , , , . , ,
, . , , . , , .58
57 58
, . 87. , . 89.
60
, . , ; . , . , , ( ) ( ).
[] , , () .59
, , , .60
59 60
, . 83. , . 110, 153.
61
, , , . , , .61 , 1960 1970 ( , , ).
, , , . , , , , E. P. Thompson, . ( - Thompson - , , , , 61
, . 157, 162.
62
, ). 1905 , , (). , , , , 1906 1905, . : , , , , . ,
() ( ), , (, ). ( )
63
, .62 , , , . , : , . , , , . . ,
.63
62 63
P. Froelich, Rosa Luxemburg. Her Life and Work, , Victor
Gollancz, 1940, . 146-156. , . 164.
64
, , ( ) , . , . ,
, , 1906. , .
, , , , .
65
, , .64
, , , , . , .65
:
. , .
64 65
. et al, 1905, , , 2005, . 104-105. , . 117. .
66
. , . , , , , , .66
, , , . , , .67 , [] .68 1917, , ,
66 67
, . 118. . 68 , . 60.
67
, :
, , , , . , . , . - , , . , , , . : ,
68
,
,
. .69
, , , . , , . . , , . , , , , , . .70 ( ) .
69 70
. , , . , , , 2003, . 10. . , , , , 2001, . 131.
69
, , . , -, , , . , . , ,
(.. ) , . : , , , .71
71
, . 161.
70
. , .
, . [] , . [] , .72
, . , [] .73 , , .74
72 73
, . 156-158. , . 158. 74 , . 172.
71
. .75 . , , ( ) , .76 , , , 1968. , , (, , ;). :
:
[]: 75 76
A. Gramsci, Soviets in Italy, , Institute for Workers Control,
.. . , , , , , , 1984 (. . , , , , 2005). E. Mandel, Introduction,
E. Mandel (.), Contrle Ouvrier, Conseils Ouvriers, Autogestion, ,
Maspero, 1970, . 7-45.
72
: 77
:
( ) , , ( ) ( ). - - []. , , . , .78
( ) , 1968 , , ,
77 78
, , .., . 42-43. , . 43.
73
. . . ( ), , , , :
, , , . , , . , , . . . 74
, , .79
, . . , , , - , , .
: E. P. Thompson Gareth Stedman Jones E. P. Thompson . The
Making of the English Working
79
E. Mandel, Contrle Ouvrier, .., . 9.
75
Class, 80 , . , , . , Thompson, . Thompson , , - ( Katznelson
81) . Thompson , , . . Thompson .
80 81
E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, .. I.
Katznelson, Working Class Formation: Nineteenth-Century Patterns in
Western Europe and the United States, , Princeton University Press,
1986, . 14-23. P. Joyce (.), Class, .., . 142-149.
76
- , Thompson . , , , Thompson , , , . , Thompson ( ) , , .
Thompson , . , , , . Thompson . Thompson - , . 77
. Thompson ( ...). , , Thompson , , .82 , Patrick Joyce, ,
Gareth Stedman Jones, . Joyce, Stedman Jones , , . Languages of
Class, Rethinking Chartism, - , History Workshop.83 , Stedman Jones
( ) , ,
82
M. W. Steinberg, A Way of Struggle: Reformations and
Affirmations of E. P. Thompsons Class Analysis in the Light of
Postmodern Theories of Language, The British Journal of Sociology,
. 48, . 3 ( 1997), . 471-492. 83 G. Stedman Jones, Languages of
Class. Studies in English Working Class History, 1832-1982, ,
Cambridge University Press, 1983.
78
.84 Stedman Jones - ( ). ( Stedman Jones ) . , Stedman Jones (
85), . Stedman Jones , , ( ) ( ). (). , , Stedman Jones . , ,
84 85
Stedman Jones, .., . 94. .
79
. (.. ), , , .86
[. ] , [ ].87
Stedman Jones E. P. Thompson
, , . . . Thompson
86 87
, . 97. , . 95.
80
, - . [] , . , , .88
Stedman Jones Patrick Joyce , -, , . , , (
88
, . 101. .
81
, 89). , , Mayfield Thorne Stedman Jones Joyce, , , . Mayfield
Thorne .90 Stedman Jones Joyce () ( - ). , Kirk Neville,91 , , . ,
, , . Stedman Jones , , , 89
J. Lawrence & M. Taylor, The Poverty of Protest: Gareth
Stedman Jones and the Politics of Language - A Reply, Social
History, . 18, . 1, . 1-15. Mayfield Thorne Stedman Jones. 90 D.
Mayfield & S. Thorne, Social History and its Discontents:
Gareth Stedman Jones and the Politics of Language, Social History,
. 17, . 2, . 165-67. 91 K. Neville, History, Language, Ideas and
Post-modernism: A Materialist View, Social History, . 19, . 2 (
1994), . 221-240.
82
( Stedman Jones ). , , , ( ). , , , , ... , Stedman Jones , ( )
. , , Stedman Jones , - . - - . , , , 83
. Stedman Jones, , , .92 Stedman Jones , . Maurice Godelier, , (
, , Stedman Jones):
, , , , , . , , : , . 92
Raphael Samuel , Stedman Jones - , . R. Samuel, Reading the
Signs: II. Fact-Grubbers and Mind Readers, History Workshop, . 33 (
1992), . 225.
84
, . , , .93
93
M. Godelier, The Ideal in the Real, R. Samuel & G. Stedman
Jones (.), Culture, Ideology and Politics, , Routledge, 1982, .
15.
85
,
( ) 1964 . 22 , -. , , ( 680 2008 ). , 300 , , . . , , 800-1000
. . ( ), 1983. 1992, . , 1994 , 1997 . 1998 , . 86
220 , , , .. . , : , , ( , , ...).
. , , , ) , ) , ) , ) , ) - . , , , . 87
, , , . , , , .
, . , , , ( ). . 100-150 . : () (). : ( ), ( , ) , . 88
, , , ( ) , . . ( ) , (
) , . , . , 1970 , . . ,
, , , . , , . 94%. , . 89
, , , . , . , , , - , . , ( , , ). , . , , . , , , . , , , , . ,
, .
90
() , 99%, - , . , . , . . , 70% . 19, 19 ( ). , . , (). , . , .
, . . , .
91
, ( ) . 3%-4%, 7%-8%, . , . , , , . , , , , . , . , . . , , , ,
. . , , , 92
. , , . , . . , . , , , , . , , , , , , . ,
. , . . , , () , , . , , , 93
. , , . , . , . , , . , . ,
, , , , : , . , 94
. , , , ( ), , : , , . . ( ) . - - , . , . , , . . , . , ,
95
. , .
, 1975, . , . , , . , . , , . . , 96
. , . , . , ( , , ) , . , , - - , . () , , , , ( 97
). , , , , , , . , . , . . , ,
, , . , , , , 98
, . , , , , , . , , . - . - , , . , . . , , , 99
. , , , , . , ( , . 103) , : , , , . . , 1942 , 1971 , . , 1977,
, 1997. , 1976 . , 100
, . , , , , , . , 1950 , 1974 , . 1992, . , , - ( ) 1980. 1986 .
. , . . . , , , - , . , , 101
-, , , . , , . , . , , .94
, - 1975 - 1970. , , , .
94
P. Thompson, The Voice of the Past, .., . 144 ..
102
. . 1975, , [] , , . . . ( , , ).95 20 ( ). , , . . , , , , ,
,
95
, .. [. 1].
103
, .96 , . ( 15% 16%, , , ). ,
, ( ), ( 20 . ).97 27 , , 20 () 1 . 3 , , .98 4 , , , ,
96
, , . . 97 , .. , , 7 1975. 98 : , , 8 1975.
104
.
5 .99 , 10 , , , , , 1 , 48 .100 16 , , 15 , .101 , , .102 , , .
, 1975 , ( ,
99
, , 13 1975. , , 13 1975. 101 : 6 , , 22 1975. 102 - , ,
..100
105
). , 1970, 1975 . , , ( ) . , .103 . . , . 1 18%-20% , 7.000 .,
40% , 220 . , , 15%,
103
, S. Ioannidis, Law is the Right of the Worker: Workers
Perception of Democracy in Post-dictatorial Greece, ECPR, 31
2010.
106
. , . . , , 1 , , . , 4 , . ( 24 ), , , , -, , , .104 , , , . ,
,
104
, .. , , 5 1975.
107
. , , . . , , . . , , , 1600 . , 9 400 . . ( ). . , 108
. , , . , , . , . . . , , . , , .
. , , 109
, , , . , , . 24 , , . , , , . ( ) 325 , . . , , , , . , 110
, , -. , , . ,105 , .
.106 , .107 , , , .
105 106
, , 6 1975. - , .. 107 , , . . , , .. , , 27 1975.
111
, , .108 , , , . 37 , , , :
, , , , .109
16 , ,
108
, , .. .., , 23 1975. 109 .., , 16 1975. .., , 16 1975.
112
.110 (), 7 .111 , 5 , , , () . , , [...] .112 ( ) , , .113
110 111
, , .. , , 12 1975. 112 . . ., 5 1975. 113 .., , 23 1975.
113
, :
.. . , , . , . . . , . .114
114
[].
114
, E. P. Thompson 20 , .115 , , . , ( , , , , ..). , , . , .
,
115
E. P. Thompson, Eighteenth Century English Society, ..
115
116 , , . 14 117 15
. 17 , .118 , , , , , , : , , , . , , , . , . , (
116
25 , 1975: . , , , ... . 117 , , 19 1975. 118 , ..
116
) , .119 , , . 27 , , .
, . , , , , , , , . , .120 , , . .
119 120
. , 13 1975. , , , 4 1975. , . 2, 28 1975. , , 4 1975.
117
, , : , - . , . , , . 30 , , ,121 . , . . , , ( ). , , , 121
- . , , 3 1975.
118
, .122 , , , , . , : , ,
, . 4 , -, . , , .123 , , . , : , ,
122 123
, , 11 [] 1975. , , . . , . 2, . .
119
. , ( ). , , . , , . . , 6 , ,
. , , , , .124 , 10 11 .125 --- . . , ,
124 125
.., , 8 1975. , , . . , , 12 1975.
120
20%-40% 15%, 40 , . . , , , - , , . , . 20 , . . , ( , ).126 ,
,
126
! 8 , , 25 1975. , , 8 1975.
121
.127 - .128 , 21 , , . , , . . , , . , , . , , ( ). - , - : ,
,
127 128
, , .. : (). , , , 19 1975.
122
. , , , . , , , . , . , , . , ( , ) . , , - - . , , . , 123
, . , : 22 , .129 28 - 1940, . , .130 , , , :
. , , . . .
129 130
, .. , , , 27 1975.
124
[]. . , . 4 . 21 . , , . 28 40 . .131
, , , . . , . , , - , 131
, . 2, 28 1975. .
125
( , , . , ). , , , . - . , , , . . , , , . , ,
, , . , , , . 126
1960. , 1970. . , , , - - . , ( , , ), 1970 , , . . - . 1968 , .
, 1968 . 127
, , , . , - , - , , . , , , . , . ,132 .133
132 133
, , 17 1975. - , , 7 1975. , , 29 1975.
128
, , , , . , , 29 , . ( ) .134 , , .135 , , .. , .136 , , , , . ,
, ,
134 135
, , . . : , , 29 1975. 136 , , 12 1975.
129
, , , .
(, , ) .137 , . , ( , , ) .138 . , 1 . .139 , 31 , .140
137 138
, , 30 1975. , , . . 139 : , , 30 1975. 140 , , 31 1975.
130
, , , 1 . , , . 3 , .141 - 2 , /, .142 . ( ) . ( ) . , , 17 ,
141
, , 1 1975. 142 , , 2 1975. 3 , , .
131
. , ( ) , . , . , , .143 , 18%-24% - ( ) 500 . (, , , ).
2.500.000 . , ( 8.000 . ). , , .
143
, , . .
132
3 , , , , . , .144 , , [sic] .145 , . , . , de facto , . , ,
144 145
.., , 4 1975. , , 3 1975.
133
, . , , , , : . , , . , . , , , . , , . , , . . 134
. ( ) . . , , , . , , , . . . , . , : , . , , , , . , 135
(, , , 1968). , . , 1970, . , , (.. , ...) 17 ( , , . , . , , ,
. , , 4 , ,
136
.146 8 .147 5 ( - ). , , , :
. , , , .148
, , , ( , ). 6 , , ,
146 147
, , . . , . . 148 , , 5 1975. .
137
. . , . .149 , 7 , . , , .150 . .151 . ( , 152) , 8 ,
149 150
, , . . , , 8 1975. , , .. 151 : . ., , 14 1975. , , .. 152 , ,
7 [1975].
138
,153 - .154 . , , , . , . . , ( , ) . - , , , , , . , 8 , ,
,
153 154
: , , , 1975. , , 8 1975.
139
, . , . 9 . , , .
.155 , 11 , , 70 . ,
155
, .. : , ..
140
73 . .156 ,
, 2 . , , . .. .157
, , , ,
156 157
, , 11 1975. , , 12 1975.
141
. , . . , . , , , . ( , , ). . , , . , , (
, , ). . . 142
.158 , , , , - , , ,
.159 . ( ), . , , , , 17 . 160 . 19 , , 158
, , 13 1975. 159 : , , .. 160 , , . .
143
. 22% - 26% , 600 - 1.100 . , -, . ( ), ( , , ) . , .161 , . ,
(274 , 7 4 ) .162 , ,
161
, , 22 1975. !, , 21 1975. , , . . , 21 1975. 162 , , . . , .
.
144
, 20 .163 , .
, - 1976 , , . , , . : , , , . , . , , 4 ( ) .
163
. , , , 21 1975.
145
, . . 5 1976, . 8 , . , ( ), , ( , ). , , 2.500 . . 15 ( 15 ). ,
4 15 . 164 , ,
164
: , , 24 1976. , . 2, 1976.
146
( -, ). 13 , - 18 . , . . , . , . 19 173 .165 . , 330, . , . .
.
165
, , 21 1976. , , 6 1976. , . 2, ..
147
27 , . , . .166 9 , . , , 2.500 ., . , : , , , . - - . . , .167
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166
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