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1 網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所
WCDMA TechnologyWCDMA TechnologyPast, Present and FuturePast, Present and Future
Part III:WCDMA Mobile Communication System
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所2
Part III:WCDMA Mobile Communication
System• Overview of WCDMA• WCDMA System Architecture• WCDMA Protocols & Service Channels
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所3
WCDMA Basic (1/4)• Goal :
– an integrated seamless networkintegrated seamless network that ensures global personal connectivity and enables access to broadband wireless multimediabroadband wireless multimedia communications and services by anyone, from anywhere, at any by anyone, from anywhere, at any timetime. (source: UMTS Forum)
• Data Rate Requirements
Source: ITU-R Circular LetterEdit: CHT-TL
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所4
WCDMA Basic (2/4)
• Frequency band (ITU Allocation)– FDD : Downlink 1885-1980 MHz, Uplink 2110-2170 MHz
(Extended Band: 806-960 MHz, 1710-1885 MHz, 2500-2690 MHz)
– TDD : 2010-2025 MHz
• Features of spread spectrum– Spread the information bits into the whole carrier space
(white noise)– Channelisation by using the OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spr
eading Factor) codes– Processing gain– Security– Anti-jamming
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所5
WCDMA Basic (3/4)Duplexing FDD
Chip Rate (Mcps) 3.84
Channel Spacing (MHz) 5
Frame Length (ms) 10 (38400 Chips)
Slots/per Frame 15 (1slot=2560 Chips)
Multi-rate ConceptVariable Spreading Factor (OVSF Code)
and/or Multi-code
Data Modulation QPSK
Spreading ModulationUL: QPSK; DL: QPSK
Complex Spreading
Spreading factors from 256 to 4 with uplink
from 512 to 4 with downlink
Channel CodingConvolutional Coding (r = 1/2, 1/3; K = 9)
Turbo Code (r=1/3; K=3)
UL: Uplink; DL: Downlink
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所6
WCDMA Basic (4/4)
• 3GPP– www.3gpp.org
• WCDMA– FDD mode– TDD mode
• Release– R99 (200003 freeze)– R4 (200103 freeze)– R5 (200203-06 freeze)– R6 (200306-12 freeze)– R7 (2004-)
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所7
WCDMA System Architecture (1/2)
UEUE RANRAN CNCN Existing NetworkExisting Network
USIM
ME
Node B
Node B
Node B
Node B
Cu
RNC
RNC
MSC/VLR
SGSN
HLR
GMSC
GGSN
PSTN
Internet
Uu Iub Iur
Iu CS
Iu PS PSDomain
CSDomain
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所8
WCDMA System Architecture (2/2)
• Major Components to form the Network– UE (User Equipment)– UTRAN (UMTS Radio Access Network)
• Node B and RNC
– CN (Core Network) (R99)• Inherit the GPRS/GSM Core Network• SGSN/GGSN (GPRS)• MSC/HLR/VLR (GSM)
• Two Switching Domain– Packet Switch Domain– Circuit Switch Domain
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所9
CN (Core Network)
• MSC as upgraded CN for CS domain• SGSN as upgraded CN for PS domain• Existing network elements like HLR or GGSN w
ill be modified and reused• Existing interfaces like E, Gn … will probably re
used
Ref: Tektronix
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所10
RNC (Radio Network Controller)
Control of one or more Node B Interface with the CN (3G-MSC and 3G-
SGSN) Control the use and the integrity of the
radio resources of UTRAN Terminated RANAP, NBAP, RNSAP as well as
RRC/RLC/MAC The central element of an UMTS
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所11
Node-B (BS) A logical node like BTS in GSM Perform the air interface L1 processing Responsible for transmission and reception in
one or more cells to/from the User Equipment Terminate the Iub interface, i.e. NBAP RF power control Control a number of cells
Ref: Tektronix
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所12
WCDMA Bearer Services
TETE MTMT UTRANUTRAN CN(Iu EN)
CN(Iu EN)
CN(GT)CN
(GT)TETE
Utra FDD
Radio Bearer Iu Bearer
Radio Access Bearer CN Bearer
UMTS Bearer External BearerTE/MT Local
Bearer
End-to-End Bearer
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所13
WCDMA—Protocol Architecture (1/2)
PDCPRLCMAC
RRC
IubPlane
ATM
IuPlane
Iub Plane Iu Plane
RRCRLCMAC
NBAP ALCAP
SSCF-NNIALCAP
Iub FP
AAL2
ATM
PHYRadio Q.2630.1
Q.2150.1Uu
Plane
Iub Plane
Q.2630.1
Q.2150.1
GMMMMCC SM
UDPTCPIP
PPP
Applications
CS PS U
C C
ALCAPRANAP RANAP IuUPIuUP
MTP3B
SCCP SCCP
SSCF-NNISSCOP
GTP-U
UDP
IP
AAL5ATM
AAL2
Iu Plane
U
Applications
RRC
RLCPDCP
MACPHY
Radio Interface
GMMMMCC SM
UDPTCPIP
PPP
CS PS UU
C C
Uu Plane
NASAS
UE Node-B RNC CN
Uu Interface Iub Interface Iu Interface
Application Protocol
NAS Signaling
AS Signaling
AAL5
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所14
WCDMA—Protocol Architecture (2/2)
• Access Stratum• Non-Access Stratum• User plane protocols• Control plane protocols
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所15
W-CDMA UE 端通訊協定架構
W-CDMA PHY SW/HW
W-CDMA UE Control Module
CPHY
PDCPLayer
BMCLayer
RRC Layer
Transport Channels
RABMLayer
MM Layer
CM Layer
USIMModule
USIM
Control Interfaces CS/PS Data Interfaces
W-CDMA L2(Uu Interface)
(Uu Interface)
W-CDMA L3
RLC Layer
MAC Layer
UserPlane
ControlPlane
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所16
UE 端 NAS 通訊協定架構
CCSub-layer
SMSub-layer
SSSub-layer
GSMSSub-layer
CBSSub-layer
CM Layer
MMSub-layer
GMMSub-layer
MM Layer
RABMLayerUSIM
Module
W-CDMA AS Protocol
W-CDMA UE Control Module
USIM
Nt GC DC PDCP
PSData
CBSCtrl
GSMSCtrl
SSCtrl
SMCtrl
CCCtrl
MMCtrl
BMC
CSData
CS
UMTS NAS
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所17
UE 端 AS 通訊協定架構
PDCPLayer
W-CDMA PHY SW/HW
W-CDMA NAS Protocol
Nt GC DC PDCPBMC
UMTS AS
BMCLayer
RRCLayer
RLC Layer
MAC Layer
CPHY
CS
Transport Channels
Logical ChannelsCMAC
CRLC
CBMC
CPDCP
Radio Bearers
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所18
PHY 層基頻信號處理功能方塊
CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching
CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching
CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching
CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching
CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching
CRC Attachment,Channel Coding,1st Interleaving,Rate Matching
Transport Channel MUXTransport Channel MUX
TransportChannel #1
TransportChannel #2
TransportChannel #N
CCTrCH
Physical Channel Segmentation,2nd Interleaving,
Physical Channel Mapping
Physical Channel Segmentation,2nd Interleaving,
Physical Channel Mapping Spreading&
Gain Weighting
Spreading&
Gain Weighting
PhCH #1
PhCH #2
PhCH #3
PhCH #4
DPCCH
Σ
Σ⊕⊕
j
ScramblingScrambling
Pulse ShapingPulse Shaping
ModulationModulation
To RF
I + jQ
I
Q
(DPDCH)
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所19
WCDMA Radio Interface Protocol Architecture (1/2)
PHY(W-CDMA)PHY(W-CDMA)
RLCRLC
RRCRRC
PDCPPDCP
L1
L2
L3
Control
Control Plane User Plane
Transport Channels
Logical Channels
Physical Channels
Radio Bearers
MACMAC
BMCBMC
U-plane Radio
Bearers
Signalling Radio Bearers
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所20
WCDMA Radio Interface Protocol Architecture (2/2)
• The radio interface protocol (access stratum) is layered into three protocol layers:– Layer 1: Physical Layer– Layer 2: Data link Layer --- split into two
main sub-layers• Radio Link Control (RLC)• Medium Access Control (MAC)
– Layer 3: Network Layer• Radio Resource Control (RRC)
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所21
Radio Resource Mapping Concept
• Signalling Radio Bearer (SRB):– RB#1~RB#4 are used for RRC signallin
g• Radio Access Bearer (RAB):
– RAB is from the NAS viewpoint for User-plane services
– one RAB may contain more than one RBs (RB#5~RB#31)
• Logical Channel– information to be transferred (ITU-
R M.1035) • Transport Channel
– information transfer method
• Physical Channel– corresponds to a specific carrier
frequency, spreading code, and on the uplink, relative phase (0 or /2)
Ph
yC
H(R
L)
L1
TrC
H(D
CH
)
TrC
H (D
CH
)
TrC
H (D
CH
)
TrC
H (D
CH
)
RLC
MAC
SRBs
Lg
CH
RB
Lg
CH
RB
Lg
CH
RB
Lg
CH
RB
Lg
CH
RB
Lg
CH
RB
RAB
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所22
Logical Channels• Control Channel
– BCCH : A downlink channel for broadcasting system information
– PCCH : A downlink channel that transfers paging information
– CCCH : A bidirectional channel for transmitting control information between a UE and the network
– DCCH : A point-to-point bidirectional channel that transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network
• Traffic Channel
– DTCH : A point-to-point channel, dedicated to one UE, for transfer of user information
– CTCH : Point-to-multipoint unidirectional channel for transfer of dedicated user information for all or group of specified UEs
Logical Channel
Control Channel
BCCH
PCCH
CCCH
DCCH
Traffic Channel
DTCH
CTCH
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所23
Transport Channels• Dedicated Transport Channel(DCH)
– Carries all the information intended for the given user, including data and signals
– Optimizes Radio Performance• Fast Power Control• Fast Data Rate Change on Frame Basis• Soft Handover
– Needs some extra time to setup channel before using
• Common Transport Channel– BCH : DL, relatively high power, low and fixed rate– PCH : DL, relatively high power, low and fixed rate,
low power consumption– RACH/FACH : Open Loop Power Control or Fixed
Power• Common Packet Transport Channel(CPCH)
– Extension to the RACH– Fast Power Control without Soft handover
• Shared Transport Channel(DSCH)– Similar to FACH– Fast Power Control without Soft handover
Transport Channel
Dedicated Transport Channel
Common Transport Channel
Shared Transport Channel
DCH
BCH
PCH
RACH
FACH
DSCH
Common Packet Transport Channel
CPCH
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所24
Physical Channels • Common Physical Channels:
– Synchronization Channels (SCH, DL)• Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH)• Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH)
– Common Pilot Channel (CPICH, DL)– Common Control Physical Channels (CCPCH,
DL)• Primary common physical channel (P-CCPCH)• Secondary common physical channel (S-
CCPCH)– Indication Channel
• Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH, DL)• Page Indication Channel (PICH, DL)• CPCH Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator
Channel (AP-AICH, DL)• CPCH Collision Detection Channel Assignment
Indicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH, DL)• CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH, DL)
– Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH, UL)
– Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH, UL)
• Dedicated Physical Channels:– Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH,
DL&UL)– Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH,
DL&UL)
DPCCH
Physical Channel
Dedicated Physical Channel
Common Physical Channel
DPDCH
PCCPCH
SCCPCH
PRACH
PCPCH
PDSCH
PICH
AICH
CPICH
SCH
AP-AICH
CD/CA-ICH
CSICH
網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所25
Radio Resource Mapping
MAC-b MAC-c/sh MAC-d
Broadcast ControlChannel(BCCH)
Paging ControlChannel(PCCH)
Broadcast ControlChannel(BCCH)
Common ControlChannel(CCCH)
Common TrafficChannel(CTCH)
Dedicated ControlChannel(DCCH)
Dedicated TrafficChannel(DTCH)
BroadcastChannel(BCH)
Paging Channel(PCH)
Forward linkAccess Channel
(FACH)
Random AccessChannel(RACH)
Common PacketChannel(CPCH)
Downlink SharedChannel(DSCH)
DedicatedChannel(DCH)
Primary CommonControl Physical
Channel(PCCPCH)
SynchronisationChannel(SCH)
Common PilotChannel(CPICH)
Secondary Common Control PhysicalChannel
(SCCPCH)
Paging Indication Channel(PICH)
Physical RandomAccess Channel
(PRACH)
AcquisitionIndication Channel
(AICH)
Physical CommonPacket Channel
(PCPCH)
CPCH StatusIndication Channel
(CSICH)
Collision Detection/Channel Assigment
Indication Channel(CD/CA-ICH)
Access Preamble- Acquisition
Indication Channel(AP-AICH)
Physical DownlinkShared Channel
(PDSCH)
Dedicated PhysicalData Channel
(DPDCH)
Dedicated PhysicalControl Channel
(DPCCH)
LogicalChannel
TransportChannel
PhysicalChannel
CCTrCH CCTrCH CCTrCH
MAC Layer
PHY Layer