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Worldwide survey of carotenoid supply for the food industry Dufossé L.1,2, Shum Cheong Sing A.2, Galaup P.1 and Ravishankar G.A.3 1 Laboratoire ANTiOX, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IUP Innovation en Industries Alimentaires, Pôle Technologique de Créac’h Gwen, F-29018 Quimper cedex, France
2 Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, ESIDAI, 15 avenue René Cassin, B.P. 7151, F-97715 Saint-Denis Messag. Cedex 9, La Réunion, France E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Dufossé)
3 Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore- 570 020, India Some of the carotenoids have been on the market for more than 25 years and are used extensively in food colouring. In recent years carotenoids have also gained outstanding importance in the nutraceutical and “over the counter” (OTC) medicine fields as many studies confirm their antioxidative properties and their positive effects on the health status of older people (chronic or degenerative diseases such as cancers, atherogenesis, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer, age-related macula degeneration). In many industrialized countries, the population is aging, and with an increasing standard of living, the consciousness of health increases also, which drives the markets for products beneficial for health. Carotenoids play an outstanding role in that sector and the world’s carotenoid market will break the €850 million barrier by 2009 and within it the European carotenoid market is forecast to accumulate €350 million in 2010 (€290 million in 2003) in close relationship with the increasing consumer awareness of the health benefits of these molecules. Most of the carotenoids are still produced by chemical synthesis. Eight out of the total of approximately 700 naturally occurring carotenoids are today produced synthetically on an industrial scale (e.g. lycopene, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and astaxanthin). Among natural sources, extraction from plants is effective with lutein production from marigold (Spain, China), lycopene from tomatoes (Israel), mixed carotenoids from palm oil (Malaysia), or bixin from annatto (Brasil)… Large scale production of microalgae gives access to carotenoids such as astaxanthin (cultures of Haematococcus in Hawaii) or β-carotene (open ponds of Dunaliella in Australia and in India). Fermentation routes are already available, mainly based on a fungus named Blakeslea trispora which is able to biosynthesize high amounts of β-carotene and lycopene. Scientists invested a lot of time and money in molecular biology without effective production at present time in host microorganisms such as Escherichia coli or Candida utilis. Metabolic engineering is based on an every day increasing number of gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of carotenoids isolated from various carotenogenic microorganisms. Last developments focus on concepts named directed evolution and combinatorial biosynthesis that could give the food industry access to more than 2,100 carotenoids.
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References Dufossé L. (2006). Microbial production of food grade pigments. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 44(3), In press. Dufossé L., Galaup P., Yaron A., Arad S. M., Blanc P., Chidambara Murthy K. N., Ravishankar G. A. (2005). Microorganisms and microalgae as sources of pigments for food use: a scientific oddity or an industrial reality? Trends in Food Science & Technology, 16(9), 389-406. Figures Fig. 1. Chemical synthesis of carotenoids (leading companies such as BASF, DSM or Allied).
[ from left to right: crystals of synthetic lycopene, β-carotene and lutein ] Fig. 2. Plant materials used for carotenoid production (leading companies such as LycoRed, Kemin).
[ from left to right: lycopene from tomato, lutein from marigold, bixin from annatto ] Fig. 3. Microorganisms producing carotenoids (leading companies such as DSM or Cognis).
[ from left to right: astaxanthin from the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, β-carotene from the microalgae Dunaliella salina, β-carotene from the filamentous fungi Blakeslea trispora ]
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IUFOST2006/1348Worldwide survey of carotenoid supply for the food industry
L. Dufossea, A. Shum Cheong Singb, P. Galaupc and G.A. RavishankardaLaboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (LCSNSA), Universite de La Reunion, ESIDAI, 15
avenue Rene Cassin, B.P. 7151, F-97715 Saint-Denis Cedex, FrancebUniversite de La Reunion, 15, avenue Rene Cassin BP 7151, 97715 Saint Denis, France
cLaboratoire ANTiOX, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Pole technologique de Creac’h Gwen, F-29018Quimper Cedex, France
dPlant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, 570 020 Mysore,India
Some of the carotenoids have been on the market for more than 25 years and are used extensively in foodcolouring. In recent years carotenoids have also gained outstanding importance in the nutraceutical and ”overthe counter” (OTC) medicine fields as many studies confirm their antioxidative properties and their positiveeffects on the health status of older people (chronic or degenerative diseases such as cancers, atherogenesis,cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer, age-related macula degeneration). In many industrialized countries, thepopulation is aging, and with an increasing standard of living, the consciousness of health increases also, whichdrives the markets for products beneficial for health. Carotenoids play an outstanding role in that sector andthe world’s carotenoid market will break the 850 million euro barrier by 2009 and within it the Europeancarotenoid market is forecast to accumulate 350 million euro in 2010 (290 million euro in 2003) in closerelationship with the increasing consumer awareness of the health benefits of these molecules. Most of thecarotenoids are still produced by chemical synthesis. Eight out of the total of approximately 700 naturallyoccurring carotenoids are today produced synthetically on an industrial scale (e.g. lycopene, β-carotene,zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and astaxanthin). Among natural sources, extraction from plants is effectivewith lutein production from marigold (Spain, China), lycopene from tomatoes (Israel), mixed carotenoidsfrom palm oil (Malaysia), or bixin from annatto (Brazil)... Large scale production of microalgae gives accessto carotenoids such as astaxanthin (cultures of Haematococcus in Hawaii) or β-carotene (open ponds ofDunaliella in Australia). Fermentation routes are already available, mainly based on a fungus named Blakesleatrispora which is able to biosynthesize high amounts of β-carotene and lycopene. Scientists invested a lot oftime and money in molecular biology without effective production at present time in host microorganisms suchas Escherichia coli or Candida utilis. Metabolic engineering is based on an every day increasing number ofgene clusters responsible for the synthesis of carotenoids isolated from various carotenogenic microorganisms.Last developments focus on concepts named directed evolution and combinatorial biosynthesis that could givethe food industry access to more than 2,100 carotenoids.
Number of words in abstract: 352Keywords: Foods designed for special news of different population categories (elderly, teens, kids) - Antioxi-dants, Chemical modifications - Antioxidants, Chemical modifications, Functional foodsTechnical area: When foods meet human health and well beingPresentation: Poster presentation preferred
