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Jennifer Alane Tate
2002
The Dissertation Committee for Jennifer Alane Tate certifies that this is the
approved version of the following dissertation:
Systematics and Evolution of Tarasa Philippi (Malvaceae):
An enigmatic Andean polyploid genus
Committee:
Beryl B. Simpson, Supervisor David M. Hillis
Robert K. Jansen
Donald A. Levin
José L. Panero
Systematics and Evolution of Tarasa Philippi (Malvaceae):
An enigmatic Andean polyploid genus
by
Jennifer Alane Tate, B.S.
Dissertation
Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of
The University of Texas at Austin
in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements
for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
The University of Texas at Austin
August, 2002
iv
Acknowledgements
This dissertation certainly would not have come to fruition without the
assistance of many individuals. I would first like to thank my advisor, Beryl
Simpson, for her continual support and guidance through the years. My committee
members: Bob Jansen, Don Levin, José Panero, and David Hillis were each helpful at
various stages of my graduate career. I would also like to thank Alan Lloyd for
serving on my qualifying exam.
The botany graduate students at UT were a major factor in my decision to join
the program. My cohorts in the Simpson lab have provided an unparalleled
stimulating environment to work in over the years. Megan Helfgott was unbelievably
patient with me as a newcomer to the lab. She was ever encouraging and never
laughed at my ignorance in molecular ways. Martín Timaná, my Andean brother,
translated many Spanish documents for me and was a wonderful travel companion
during two trips to South America. Heidi Meudt and Mauricio López Langenbach
were likewise a great pair to travel with in Chile. Heidi’s enthusiasm for the natural
world is infectious. Mauricio (an honorary member of the Simpson lab) translated
Spanish and German documents and introduced me to the wonderful world of
empanadas! Fellow GOBOGS gals Katie Hansen, Andrea Weeks, and Leah Larkin
were always up for stimulating conversations over beer and offered many helpful
suggestions. Sarah Simmons knows me better than most and is still my friend.
Vaughan Symonds provided daily personal and professional support for which I am
most grateful. Many other graduate students were a welcome source of knowledge
and humor through the years, particularly Todd Barkman, Karen Clary, Jennifer
v
Clevinger, Geoff Denny, Doug Goldman, Joshua McDill, Gani Padolina, Anneke
Schulmann, Ruth Timme, and Brian Van den Heuvel.
I have benefited from the wisdom and generosity of many systematists
throughout my degree program. Mark Chase (Kew Gardens) sent DNA aliquot of
Tarasa humilis. John La Duke (University of North Dakota) sent DNA, ITS
sequences for the Malveae chapter, and lended advice for germinating mallow seeds.
Javier Fuertes Aguilar (Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid) and Tracey Slotta (Virginia
Polytechnic Institute) provided sequences for the Malveae chapter. Javier taught me
to “just add water”. Derrick Zwickl provided much needed assistance with using the
program Seq-gen and the use of his program Logreader. Zaiming Zhao taught me the
invaluable skill of identifying pollen mother cells in chromosome squashes. Jonathan
Wendel offered sequencing advice early in my study. Paul Fryxell provided his
amazing Malvaceae specimen and literature collection, as well as his superior
knowledge of the family many times.
Many staff members at UT were instrumental in various ways during the
dissertation process. I would particularly like to thank Theresa Barnes, Susan Cook,
John Lucio, Sandy Monahan, Tamra Rogers, Dena Sutton, and Paul Ward. John
Mendenhall took the SEM photos in Chapter 4. I would also like to thank the
curators of the herbaria from which I borrowed specimens (AAU, B, BM, C, CAS,
CONC, CORD, CTES, F, G, GB, GH, GOET, K, LPB, MEXU, MO, NY, OS, S,
SGO, SI, TEX/LL, UC, UPS, US, USM), particularly those that allowed me to
remove material for various studies. A special thanks is deserved to Tom Wendt for
all his efforts.
vi
I am particularly thankful that my family has always been encouraging of my
desire to pursue a botanical career. Their support of my nerdy endeavors has not
gone unnoticed.
Funding for this project was provided by the National Science Foundation,
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant; Botanical Society of America, J.S. Karling
Award; American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Graduate Student Research Award;
Sigma Xi, Grants-in-Aid of Research; University of Texas at Austin, Institute of Latin
American Studies, Faculty Sponsored Grant for Field Research in Latin America;
University of Texas at Austin, Department of Botany, Graduate Student Research
Award. I am also thankful for a University Continuing Fellowship that allowed me to
make great progress on my dissertation.
vii
Systematics and Evolution of Tarasa Philippi (Malvaceae):
An enigmatic Andean polyploid genus
Publication No._____________
Jennifer Alane Tate, Ph.D.
The University of Texas at Austin, 2002
Supervisor: Beryl B. Simpson
This work represents a progression from a large scale molecular phylogeny to
a species level study of breeding systems. A phylogenetic approach utilizing
molecular sequence data was employed to evaluate the current infratribal
circumscription and generic relationships within the tribe Malveae (subfamily
Malvoideae, Malvaceae). The resulting ITS phylogeny indicates that many of the
alliances as well as several genera are not monophyletic and suggests that the current
classification needs revision. An in depth phylogenetic examination of one Malveae
genus, Tarasa Philippi, and suggested close relatives, Nototriche Turcz. and
Sphaeralcea St.-Hil, was also conducted using nuclear and chloroplast sequence data.
The monophyly of Tarasa was rejected in both the nuclear and chloroplast trees.
Surprisingly, the morphologically similar tetraploid species also did not form a single
clade, which indicates that the tetraploids have been formed multiple times.
Geographic and molecular data suggest that the tetraploid species may have been
viii
derived from multiple encounters between different sympatric diploid annual species.
Although multiple origins of polyploidy in Tarasa is not a novel finding, the apparent
morphological convergence of the tetraploid species is most intriguing particularly
because they violate two traditional dogmas of polyploids: they are annuals and have
smaller pollen grains than their diploid relatives. A study of the breeding systems and
pollen characteristics for Tarasa diploid and tetraploid species also revealed
unexpected findings. Pollen/ovule (p/o) ratios were used as an indirect measure of
the degree of outcrossing versus selfing and greenhouse studies provided direct
evidence of self-compatibility as well as autogamy in the plants. Tarasa species
follow the predicted trend of low p/o ratios in autogamous species and high p/o ratios
in xenogamous species. However, the overall positive correlation observed in Tarasa
between p/o ratio and pollen size contradicts the expected negative relationship
between these two factors. Statistically significant differences were detected between
the tetraploids and diploid annuals and perennials for anther number per flower,
number of grains per anther, p/o ratio, and pollen size. The tetraploid species occupy
the highest elevation habitats in the Andes and have repeatedly adopted a floral
morphology which is typical of autogamous species.
ix
Table of Contents
List of Tables ........................................................................................................ xii
List of Figures .................................................................................................... xviii
Chapter 1: An introduction to the dissertation........................................................1
Chapter 2: Phylogenetic relationships within the Tribe Malveae (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) as inferred from ITS sequence data.............................................4 Abstract ...........................................................................................................4 Introduction.....................................................................................................4 Materials and Methods..................................................................................11
Taxon sampling....................................................................................11 DNA extraction and amplification.......................................................12 Sequence analysis ................................................................................18 Phylogenetic analysis...........................................................................18
Results...........................................................................................................19 Sequence characteristics and phylogenetic reconstruction ..................19
Discussion.....................................................................................................25 The traditional alliances (as well as several genera) are not
monophyletic...............................................................................25 Alliances and genera of Clade A .........................................................27 Alliances and genera of Clade B..........................................................29
Conclusions...................................................................................................32
Chapter 3: Molecular systematics of the polyploid Andean genus Tarasa Philippi (Malvaceae)...................................................................................................33 Abstract .........................................................................................................33 Introduction...................................................................................................34
Taxonomic history ...............................................................................34 Chromosomes, geography, and morphology .......................................35 Systematic position ..............................................................................37
Materials and Methods..................................................................................40
x
Taxon sampling....................................................................................40 DNA extraction and amplification.......................................................41 Sequence analysis ................................................................................47 Phylogenetic reconstruction.................................................................48 Chromosome counts.............................................................................50
Results...........................................................................................................52 New chromosome counts.....................................................................52 Chloroplast sequence characteristics ...................................................52 Chloroplast phylogeny reconstruction .................................................55 ITS sequence characteristics ................................................................60 ITS phylogeny reconstruction..............................................................62
Discussion.....................................................................................................65 Taxon sampling....................................................................................65 Urocarpidium albiflorum is not a Tarasa ............................................65 Chloroplast phylogeny.........................................................................66 ITS phylogeny......................................................................................70 Hypothesis testing and incongruent phylogenies.................................75 Recovering the organismal phylogeny: Gene trees versus species trees76
Chapter 4: Multiple origins of polyploidy and breeding system evolution in Tarasa (Malvaceae) ......................................................................................78 Abstract .........................................................................................................78 Introduction...................................................................................................79 Materials and Methods..................................................................................81
Pollen/Ovule ratios...............................................................................81 Self-compatibility in greenhouse grown plants ...................................84 Pollen characteristics ...........................................................................85
Results...........................................................................................................86 Pollen/ovule ratios ...............................................................................86 Self seed set..........................................................................................93 Pollen characteristics ...........................................................................94
Discussion...................................................................................................100
xi
A shift in breeding system follows polyploidization in Tarasa.........100 Tarasa tetraploid pollen size contradicts breeding system and ploidy
level expectations......................................................................103
Appendix A. Malveae ITS alignment ................................................................105
Appendix B. Tarasa and outgroups combined chloroplast data matrix ............126
Appendix C. Tarasa and outgroups ITS alignment ...........................................162
Literature cited .....................................................................................................172
Vita .....................................................................................................................183
xii
List of Tables
Table 2.1. Genera of the tribe Malveae (Malvoideae, Malvaceae), their alliance
associations, haploid chromosome numbers and geographic
distributions. Abbreviations for alliances are as follows: A =
Abutilon, AN = Anoda, AS = Anisodontea, BK = Bakeridesia, BT =
Batesimalva, F = Fryxellia, G = Gaya, H = Howittia, HE =
Herissantia, K = Kearnemalvastrum, M = Malva, MA = Malope,
MO=Modiola, MS = Malvastrum, N = Napaea, PG = Plagianthus,
PH = Phymosia, R = Robinsonella, SC = Sidalcea, SD = Sida, SP =
Sphaeralcea.........................................................................................6
Table 2.2. Historical classification of genera currently placed in tribe Malveae
(subfamily Malvoideae, Malvaceae)...................................................9
Table 2.3. List of included taxa, voucher information (or GenBank accession
number), and collection locality information. *Where two accession
numbers occur, the first corresponds to the ITS1 sequence and the
second to ITS2. JL indicates DNA provided by John La Duke
(University of North Dakota), JFA was provided by Javier Fuertes
Aguilar (Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid), and TBS indicates DNA
provided by Tracey Bodo Slotta. ......................................................13
Table 2.4 Analysis of ITS regions for taxa included in this study. Length and
GC content were calculated using MacClade v. 4.0 (Maddison and
Maddison 2000). Pairwise divergence values and number of
parsimony informative characters were found using PAUP* v.4.0b8
(Swofford 2002)................................................................................20
xiii
Table 2.5 Test for base composition bias of analyzed sequences (for entire data
set including outgroups). Values given are mean base frequency,
degrees of freedom (df), and P value (a value greater than 0.05
indicates that there is not a significant difference among the taxa in
the data set). ......................................................................................20
Table 3.1 Tarasa as circumscribed (Krapovickas 1954, 1960, 1971; Bates
1965) and chromosome numbers. Ploidy level was inferred for
species without previously published chromosome counts – see page
50 for details. ....................................................................................36
Table 3.2 Vouchers used in molecular analysis, their location and GenBank
accession number. An asterisk indicates voucher for chromosome
count. A letter designates separate populations sampled.................42
Table 3.3 List of primers used for PCR amplification and sequencing ............45
Table 3.4 Sequence statistics for species of Tarasa as calculated in MacClade
(length and GC content) and PAUP* (pairwise divergence). ...........53
Table 3.5 Test for base composition bias of analyzed sequences (for entire data
set including outgroups). Values given are mean base frequency,
degrees of freedom (df), and P value (a value greater than 0.05
indicates that there is not a significant difference among the taxa in
the data set). ......................................................................................54
xiv
Table 3.6 Results from the Independent Length Difference (ILD) Test (Farris
1994) for the molecular regions sequenced (ITS, matK-3’trnK
intron, psbA-trnH spacer, and trnT-trnL spacer). Data partitions
were defined in PAUP* and tested for homogeneity. The null
hypothesis (that the data partitions are homogenous) was rejected at
the 0.05 level.....................................................................................54
Table 3.7 Results from constraint analyses using parametric bootstrapping on
the ITS and chloroplast data sets. The first constraint forced all
traditionally circumscribed Tarasa to monophyly; the second
constraint was as the first but excluded the n=6 group of Tarasa
machupicchensis, T. mandonii, and T. spiciformis; the third
constraint forced monophyly of all tetraploids (chromosome number
known and inferred based on morphology and geography – see text
for details). The empirical tree length differences (=constrained-
unconstrained) were compared to a distribution of tree length
differences generated from 100 simulated data sets. The null
hypothesis (that the constraint tree is the true tree) was rejected when
the observed tree length difference was greater than 95% of the
simulated tree length differences. *For the chloroplast unconstrained
tree, gaps were coded as missing. .....................................................59
Table 3.8 Results of three incongruence tests as conducted in PAUP*. All
tests compared the strict consensus of the most parsimonious ITS
trees and the strict consensus of the most parsimonious chloroplast
trees. The null hypothesis that the data fit either tree equally well
was rejected at the 0.05 level. ...........................................................60
xv
Table 3.9 Hypothesized relationships for tetraploid species of Tarasa
(chromosomally known and inferred) based on nuclear (paternal
parent) and chloroplast (maternal) phylogeny reconstructions. An
asterisk indicates a tetraploid for which the chromosome number was
inferred. Hypotheses are based on the most closely related diploid
species to the tetraploid in each phylogeny. .....................................69
Table 3.10 Areas of sympatry between diploid species of Tarasa that are
potential tetraploid parents (see Table 3.9). Perennial species are
indicated by an asterisk. n/a indicates no apparent areas of overlap
in geographic distribution based on mapping of 1400 herbarium
specimen localities. ...........................................................................71
Table 4.1 Typical attributes of polyploid taxa as compared to Tarasa
polyploids..........................................................................................79
Table 4.2 Vouchers used in pollen/ovule ratio analysis....................................83
Table 4.3. Results of pollen/ovule ratio analysis for species of Tarasa. An
asterisk indicates inferred chromosome number on the basis of
morphology and geographic distribution (see text for explanation).
Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) are given for number
of grains per anther, number of anthers per flower, and number of
ovules per flower. Breeding system was determined by comparing
the empirical log p/o ratios to values reported by Cruden (1977) (X =
xenogamy, FX = facultative xenogamy, FA = facultative autogamy,
and OA = obligate autogamy) – see text for details..........................88
xvi
Table 4.4 Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) of anther number per
flower, number of grains per anther, and pollen/ovule ratio for ploidy
level and habit categories in Tarasa (see Table 4.3 for details).
Significance levels as detected by ANOVA are also given for these
categories. .........................................................................................92
Table 4.5 P-values for mean anther number per flower, number of grains per
anther, and P/O ratio as determined by Fisher’s PLSD and
Bonferroni/Dunn post hoc ANOVA for diploid (2n=10 only shown)
and tetraploid (2n=20) species of Tarasa. Calculated P values were
the same for each test. Significant differences are indicated as
follows: * indicates a p-value significant under Fisher’s PLSD at the
0.05 level, ** indicates a p-value significant under Bonferroni/Dunn
at the 0.05 level, *** indicates significant difference under both tests
(0.05 level). .......................................................................................93
Table 4.6 Self seed set in greenhouse grown individuals of Tarasa. Plants
were grown in the greenhouse at The University of Texas at Austin.
The number of fully mature seeds per schizocarp was counted for
fifty schizocarps on a single plant. Autogamous seed set is the
proportion of mature seeds produced to the number of carpels
present. Standard deviations are given in parentheses. An asterisk
indicates an inferred chromosome number on the basis of
morphology and geographic distribution (see text for details). ........94
xvii
Table 4.7 Results of pollen measurements utilizing light microscopy. Twenty-
five grains were measured per individual; when possible 2 or more
individuals were sampled to represent a species. An asterisk
inidicates an inferred chromosome number based on morphology
and geographic distribution (see text for details). Values given are
the mean and standard deviation for the polar and equatorial axis,
and the approximate number of apertures.........................................95
Table 4.8 Means and standard deviations for pollen grain size (polar and
equatorial diameters) for species of Tarasa studied. P values from
ANOVA are given for the categories of ploidy level and ploidy level
and habit for all taxa (chromosome number inferred) or
chromosomally known taxa only. .....................................................97
Table 4.9 Significance levels for mean pollen diameter (polar axis) as
determined by Fisher’s PLSD and Bonferroni/Dunn post hoc
ANOVA for diploid (2n=10 only shown) and tetraploid (2n=20)
species of Tarasa. Calculated P values were the same for each test.
Significant differences are indicated as follows: * indicates a p-
value significant under Fisher’s PLSD at the 0.05 level, ** indicates
a p-value significant under Bonferroni/Dunn at the 0.05 level, ***
indicates significant difference under both tests (0.05 level). ..........99
xviii
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 One of 53 most parsimonious trees based on ITS sequence data
[length=2992, CI= 0.2920 (excluding autapomorphies), RI= 0.6562,
and RC=0.2112]. Branch lengths are shown above the branches.
Alliance groupings are shown at right. .............................................21
Figure 2.2 The strict consensus of 53 most parsimonious trees based on ITS
sequence data. Bootstrap support (above 50) for 100 replicates is
indicated below the nodes.................................................................22
Figure 2.3 Clade A from one most parsimonious tree (see Figure 2.1). Branch
lengths are shown above the branches and bootstrap support (above
50) for 100 replicates is given below. Genera are colored according
to their alliance associations which also correspond to the bars on the
right. ..................................................................................................23
Figure 2.4 Clade B from one most parsimonious tree (see Figure 2.1). Branch
lengths are shown above the branches and bootstrap support (above
50) for 100 replicates is given below. Genera are colored according
to their alliance associations which also correspond to the bars on the
right. ..................................................................................................24
Figure 3.1 Distribution of Tarasa in the Americas. The map was generated
using the program DIVA-GIS (Hijmans et. al 2002). Localities are
based on label information from approximately 1400 herbarium
specimens. Diploid (2n=10) species are indicated by red dots;
tetraploid (2n=20) species are indicated by yellow dots...................38
xix
Figure 3.2 One of 15 most parsimonious trees based on chloroplast sequence
data (length=619, CI=0.713, RI=0.873, RC=0.735). Branch lengths
are given above the branches. Dashed branches collapse in the strict
consensus. Diploid (2n=10) perennial species of Tarasa are shown
in blue, diploid annual species are shown in red, and tetraploid
annuals are shown in green. The 2n=12 group is shown in orange.
An asterisk following a taxon name indicates inferred ploidy level
(see page 50 for details). Letters following taxon names indicate a
separate population sampled. ............................................................57
Figure 3.3 Strict consensus of 15 most parsimonious trees based on chloroplast
sequence data. Bootstrap support (above 50) for 100 replicates is
shown below the branches. Diploid (2n=10) perennial species of
Tarasa are shown in blue, diploid annual species are shown in red,
and tetraploid annuals are shown in green. The 2n=12 group is
shown in orange. An asterisk following a taxon name indicates
inferred ploidy level (see page 50 for details). Letters following
taxon names indicate a separate population sampled. ......................58
xx
Figure 3.4 One of 7 most parsimonious trees based on ITS sequence data
(length=348, CI=0.6084, RI=0.8360, RC=0.5677). Branch lengths
are shown above the branches. Dashed branches collapse in the
strict consensus. Diploid (2n=10) perennial species of Tarasa are
shown in blue, diploid annual species are shown in red, and
tetraploid annuals are shown in green. The 2n=12 group is shown in
orange. An asterisk following a taxon name indicates inferred ploidy
level (see page 50 for details). Letters following taxon names
indicate a separate population sampled; a number following the
name indicates clone number............................................................63
Figure 3.5 Strict consensus of 7 most parsimonious trees based on ITS sequence
data. Bootstrap support (above 50) for 100 replicates is shown
below the branches. Diploid (2n=10) perennial species of Tarasa
are shown in blue, diploid annual species are shown in red, and
tetraploid annuals are shown in green. The 2n=12 group is shown in
orange. An asterisk following a taxon name indicates inferred ploidy
level (see page 50 for details). Letters following taxon names
indicate a separate population sampled; a number following the
name indicates clone number............................................................64
Figure 4.1 Histogram of mean number of anthers per flower for all species of
Tarasa analyzed. ...............................................................................90
Figure 4.2 Histogram depicting mean number of grains per anther for all
species of Tarasa analyzed. ..............................................................91
Figure 4.3 Histogram of mean pollen/ovule ratio for all species of Tarasa
analyzed. ...........................................................................................91
xxi
Figure 4.4 Scanning electron micrographs of pollen grains for 6 species of
Tarasa (Malvaceae) demonstrating variation in grain size and spine
size and morphology. Magnification and scale bars are given in the
lower right corner of each panel. Panels A-C: Tetraploid annual
species, panels D-E: Diploid perennials, panel F: Diploid annual. ..96
Figure 4.5 Histogram of mean pollen diameter (polar axis) in micrometers for
the categories of diploid annual, diploid perennial, and tetraploid
annual................................................................................................99
Figure 4.6 Relationship between surface area of pollen grain (polar axis) and
pollen/ovule ratio for species of Tarasa studied (see Table 4.3).
Tetraploid annual species are shown in red, diploid annuals in light
blue, and diploid perennials in dark blue. Pearson correlation
coefficients (r) for the tetraploids, diploid annuals, and diploid
perennials are 0.519, -0.698, and 0.296, respectively.....................100
1
Chapter 1: An introduction to the dissertation
The purpose of this chapter is to serve as an overall introduction to the
dissertation. This work represents a progression from a large scale molecular phylogeny
to a species level study of breeding systems. As Chapters 2-4 are intended ultimately to
be separate publications, they are constructed as such with an abstract, introduction,
materials and methods, results, and discussion with a single literature cited compiled for
all chapters.
Chapter 2 involves a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Malveae
(subfamily Malvoideae, Malvaceae) using sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal
internal transcribed spacers (ITS). The phylogeny was reconstructed using newly
generated sequences, sequences deposited in GenBank, and sequences generously
provided by other Malvaceae workers (Javier Fuertes Aguilar, Tracey Bodo Slotta, and
John La Duke). The tribe Malveae is the largest in the subfamily Malvoideae, containing
approximately 75 genera (~1000 species). Various circumscriptions of the tribe have
been published over the past 150 years. Since 1968, however, the genera within it have
been assigned to twenty-one informal alliances on the basis of morphology and
chromosome number. The ITS phylogeny indicates that many alliances and also several
genera are not monophyletic. The basalmost lineage of the Malveae is occupied by the
genus Howittia which is sister to two larger clades containing the remaining members of
the tribe. According to the ITS phylogeny, chromosomal evolution appears to have been
quite complex within the tribe as aneuploid and polyploid lineages commonly occur.
Chapter 3 investigates in detail the systematics and evolution of one of the
Malveae genera (Tarasa) and its relatives. Tarasa Philippi is a genus found in the high
2
Andes from central Peru to southern Chile and adjacent Argentina with two species
disjunct in Mexico. The species exhibit a distinct geographic distribution that is
concordant with ploidy level: the diploids are found in pockets around the Andes at mid-
elevations (800-3000 m), while the tetraploids are widespread at the highest elevations
(3000-4200 m). The tetraploid species of Tarasa are unusual in that they are annuals and
have smaller morphological features than the diploids. Molecular phylogenies were
reconstructed for most species of the genus and several purportedly allied genera using
nuclear and chloroplast sequence data. The monophyly of Tarasa was rejected in both
the nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies. Also surprising was the result that the tetraploid
species did not form a monophyletic clade, which indicates that polyploidy has arisen
multiple times within the genus. While the independent origin of polyploids within a
genus is not unique to Tarasa, the apparent morphological convergence of the tetraploids
subsequent to polyploidy is intriguing. Based on the sequence data, it appears that
various combinations of the diploid annual species of Tarasa have formed these unusual
tetraploids.
The discoveries from Chapter 3 prompted a study of the breeding systems of
Tarasa species, which is presented in Chapter 4. Pollen/ovule ratios have often been
used as an indicator of the relative degree of outcrossing versus selfing in plants. For
many plant taxa, a negative correlation has been found between pollen/ovule ratios and
the degree of self-fertilization, pollen grain size, and stigmatic area relative to the pollen
bearing area of the pollinator (Cruden 1977, 2000). Species of Tarasa follow this trend
for breeding systems: the diploid perennials have the highest p/o ratios (xenogamous),
followed by the diploid annuals (xenogamous to facultatively xenogamous), and the
tetraploid annuals have the lowest p/o ratios (autogamous or facultatively xenogamous).
All pairwise comparisons were found to be statistically significant. Empirical data
3
indicate that the tetraploids not only have fewer anthers per flower, but also have fewer
pollen grains produced per anther. In the greenhouse, none of the diploid perennials (5
species studied) were self-compatible. Only one diploid annual species was available for
study and it was autogamous, but the resulting progeny were weak (likely a result of
inbreeding depression). All of the six tetraploid species studied were autogamous and
produced vigorous offspring. Thus, in Tarasa the multiple origins of polyploidy have
been accompanied by numerous shifts to an autogamous breeding system. An intriguing
earlier finding suggested that Tarasa tetraploids have smaller pollen grains than the
diploids (Tressens 1970). Because polyploidization is expected to increase cell size,
polyploids typically have larger pollen and guard cells than their diploid relatives
(Stebbins 1940). A thorough reexamination of pollen grain sizes for 27 of the 30 species
using light microscopy confirmed that the tetraploids do in fact have smaller grains than
the diploids. The difference in size is statistically significant between the tetraploids and
diploid annuals and perennials. These data are also surprising since, unlike most plant
groups, a positive correlation was found between pollen grain size and p/o ratio for the
tetraploids and diploid perennials (although the diploid annuals exhibited a negative
correlation). The unusual and recurring morphology exhibited by the tetraploids is quite
intriguing (annual habit, inconspicuous white flowers with few anthers). Potential
contributing factors during the evolution of these species are morphological adaptations
to a high elevation habitat, a reduction in pollinator abundance at such altitudes, and
adaptations that accompany a self-compatible breeding system.
4
Chapter 2: Phylogenetic relationships within the Tribe Malveae (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) as inferred from ITS sequence data
ABSTRACT
A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Malveae (subfamily Malvoideae,
Malvaceae) was undertaken using the internal transcribed spacer region of the 18S-26S
nuclear ribosomal repeat (ITS). This work represents the first exhaustive study to
evaluate the infratribal circumscription and generic affinities using molecular sequence
data. The ITS phylogeny indicates that the informal tribal alliances and several genera
are not monophyletic. Two main clades were reconstructed in the phylogeny: one clade
pertaining to the Abutilon, Bakeridesia, Batesimalva, Fryxellia, Gaya, Plagianthus,
Robinsonella, and Sida alliances, and a second large clade containing genera from the
Anisodontea, Callirhoe, Kearnemalvastrum, Malva, Malvastrum, Modiola, Napaea,
Phymosia, Sphaeralcea, and Sidalcea alliances.
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, morphological and molecular evidence have shown that many of
the traditional families of the Malvales are not monophyletic (Judd and Manchester 1997;
Alverson et al. 1998, 1999; Bayer et al. 1999). As a result, an expanded Malvaceae has
been proposed which is comprised of the subfamilies Bombacoideae (formerly
Bombacaceae), Sterculioideae (Sterculiaceae), Malvoideae (Malvaceae), and Tiliodeae
(Tiliaceae) (Bayer et al. 1999). Subfamily Malvoideae has consistently been supported as
a monophyletic group on the basis of both morphological and molecular data (Judd and
Manchester 1997, Alverson et al. 1999, Bayer et al. 1999). Although no classification for
the Malvoideae has yet been offered, I will here refer to this group as most recently
5
circumscribed: composed of the tribes Dechaschistieae, Gossypieae, Hibisceae,
Malvavisceae, and Malveae (Fryxell 1988).
As considered in the present study, the tribe Malveae includes approximately 75
genera (~1000 species) which encompass the majority of the morphological and
taxonomic diversity within the family (Table 2.1) (Fryxell 1997). Traditionally, members
of the Malveae have been characterized by a combination of several morphological
characters: schizocarpic fruits (sometimes a capsule), mericarps numbering 3 to over 20
and equal to the number of free styles, antheriferous apex of the staminal column, and the
absence of lysigenous cavities (“gossypol glands”) (Fryxell 1988). The genera of the
Malveae exhibit a broader geographic distribution and exploit a wider variety of habitats
than the other malvaceous tribes. While most of the other tribes are restricted to tropical
and subtropical zones of both hemispheres, more than 15 of the 75 Malveae genera have
mostly temperate distributions. However, some of the largest genera of the tribe
(Abutilon, Sida, Nototriche) have tropical distributions (Table 2.1).
The genera currently considered members of the tribe Malveae have not always
been placed in this tribe. Table 2.2 provides a synopsis of the major infratribal
classification schemes, beginning with Bentham and Hooker (1862), for the tribe
Malveae and for the genera currently considered members of the Malveae. Bentham and
Hooker divided the tribe into four subtribes on the basis of carpel arrangement and ovule
number and position: Abutilinae, Malopinae, Malvinae, and Sidinae (as Abutileae,
Eumalveae, Malopeae, and Sideae). Schumann (1890) reassigned three genera (Malope,
Kitaibelia, Palaua) to a separate tribe Malopeae due to the irregular arrangement of their
carpels into superimposed verticils (i.e., not in single whorl). The remaining genera of
the Malveae were placed into one of three subtribes (Abutilinae, Malvinae, or Sidinae
[Schumann 1890]) based on carpel morphology. This classification was followed by
6
Table 2.1. Genera of the tribe Malveae (Malvoideae, Malvaceae), their alliance associations, haploid chromosome numbers and geographic distributions. Abbreviations for alliances are as follows: A = Abutilon, AN = Anoda, AS = Anisodontea, BK = Bakeridesia, BT = Batesimalva, F = Fryxellia, G = Gaya, H = Howittia, HE = Herissantia, K = Kearnemalvastrum, M = Malva, MA = Malope, MO=Modiola, MS = Malvastrum, N = Napaea, PG = Plagianthus, PH = Phymosia, R = Robinsonella, SC = Sidalcea, SD = Sida, SP = Sphaeralcea.
GENUS ALLIANCE HAPLOID NUMBER
DISTRIBUTION
Abutilon Mill. A 7, 8, 14, 16, 18, 21, 36
Pantropical
Acaulimalva Krapov. SP 5 Andes Akrosida Fryxell & Fuertes SD NA Brazil Alcea L. M 21 Mediterranean to C Asia Allosidastrum (Hochr.) Krapov., Fryxell & D.M. Bates
SD 7 Neotropics
Allowissadula D.M. Bates A 8 Texas, Mexico Althaea L. M 14, 21, 25, 35, 42 Europe, Middle East, C Asia Anisodontea Presl AS 22 S Africa Anoda Cav. AN 13, 14, 15, 18,
30, 45 S US, Mexico, S Am
Asterotrichion Klotzsch PG NA Tasmania Bakeridesia Hochr. BK 15 Mexico, C Am Bastardia H.B.K. A 7, 14 Neotropics Bastardiastrum (Rose) D.M. Bates
A 15 W Mexico
Bastardiopsis (K. Schum.) Hassl.
A 14 S Am
Batesimalva Fryxell BT 12, 16 Mexico Billieturnera Fryxell A 8 S Texas to NE Mexico Briquetia Hochr. BT 7 Mexico, S Am Callirhoe Nutt. SC 14, 15, 21, 28,
30, 34, 35, 42, 56C United States to NE
Mexico Calyculogygas Krapov. SP 5 Uruguay Calyptraemalva Krapov. SP NA Brazil Corynabutilon (K. Schum.) Kearney
A 8 Temperate Chile & Argentina
Cristaria Cav. G 6, 12 Chile, also S Peru Dendrosida Fryxell SD 21 S Mexico, N South America Dirhamphis Krapov. BT 7, 15 W Mexico, Bolivia/Paraguay
7
Eremalche Greene SP 10, 20 S California, N Baja California
Fryxellia D. M. Bates F 8 W Texas, N Mexico Fuertesimalva Fryxell SP 5, 10, 15 Andes, Mexico Gaya H.B.K. G 6, 12 Neotropics (Mexico, West
Indies, Bolivia) Gynatrix Alef. PG NA Tasmania, S/SE Australia Herissantia Medik. HE 6, 7 Neotropics Hochreutinera Krapov. A 7 Mexico, Paraguay/Argentina Hoheria A. Cunn PG 21 New Zealand Horsfordia A. Gray BT 15 SW US, N Mexico, Baja
California Howittia F. Muell. H NA SE Australia Iliamna Greene PH 33 W US & Canada,
Illinois/Virginia Kearnemalvastrum D. M. Bates
K 16 Mexico to Costa Rica, Columbia
Kitaibelia Willd. MA 21, 22 E Europe Krapovickasia Fryxell SD 8 SW Texas & NE Mexico, S
Am Lavatera L. –Malva L. M 7, 18, 20, 21, 22,
42, 56 Mediterranean,
California/Baja California, Australia
Lawrencia Hook. PG NA Australia Lecanophora Speg. G 6, 12,18 Temperate Argentina Malacothamnus Greene PH 6, 17 California/Baja California &
Chile Malope L. MA 22, 25 Mediterranean Malvastrum A. Gray MS 6, 12, 18, 24 N Am & S Am Malvella Jaub. & Spach SD 16? W US & Mexico, S Am,
Mediterranean Meximalva Fryxell SD 8 S Texas to C Mexico Modiola Moench MO 9 Pantropical and subtropical Modiolastrum K. Schum. SP 5, 15, 50 S Am Monteiroa Krapov. SP 10 S Brazil, N Argentina Napaea L. N 15 E United States Navaea Webb & Berthelot M 21, 22? Macaronesia Neobaclea Hochr. A 8 Temperate Argentina Neobrittonia Hochr. PH 16 Mexico to Panama Nototriche Turcz. SP 5, 10, 15, 20 Andes Palaua Cav. SP 5 Coastal Peru & Chile Periptera DC. AN 13 W Mexico Phymosia Ham. PH 17 Mexico, Guatemala,
Carribean Plagianthus J.R. & G. Forst. PG 21 New Zealand Pseudabutilon R.E. Fr. A 8, 16 US to Argentina
8
Rhynchosida Fryxell SD 8 S Texas & N Mexico, Bolivia &
Argentina Robinsonella Rose & Baker f. R 16 Mexico to Costa Rica Sida L. (outliers) SD 8, 16 Pantropical Sida L. s.s. SD 7, 14, 28 Pantropical Sidalcea A. Gray SC 10, 20, 30 W United States and NW Mexico Sidasodes Fryxell & Fuertes SD 5 Colombia, Eucador, Peru Sidastrum Baker f. SD 16 Mexico & West Indies to Argentina Sphaeralcea St.-Hil. SP 5, 10, 15,
25 Temperate N & S Am
Tarasa Phil. (incl. Urocarpidium)
SP 5, 6, 10 Andes, Mexico
Tetrasida Ulbr. SD NA Ecuador & Peru Wissadula Medik. A 7 Neotropics
9
Table 2.2. Historical classification of genera currently placed in tribe Malveae (subfamily Malvoideae, Malvaceae)
Bentham and Hooker 1862
Schumann 1890
Edlin 1935
Kearney 1949/1951a
Hutchinson 1967
Bates 1968
Bates and Blanchard 1970
Fryxell 1988, pro parte
Tribe Malveae Tribe Malveae Tribe Malveae Tribe Malveae Tribe Malveae Tribe Malveae Tribe Malveae Tribe Malveae
Subtribe Abutilinae Subtribe Abutilinae
Subtribe Abutilinae Subtribe Abutilinae Subtribe
Corynabutilinae Abutilon alliance Abutilon alliance Abutilon alliance
Subtribe Malopinae Subtribe Malvinae
Subtribe Malvinae
Subtribe Corynabutilinae Subtribe Malvinae Anisodontea alliance Anisodontea alliance Anisodontea alliance
Subtribe Malvinae Subtribe Sidinae
Subtribe Sidinae Subtribe Malvinae Tribe Abutileae Anoda alliance Anoda alliance Anoda alliance
Subtribe Sidinae Subtribe Sidinae Subtribe Abutilinae Gaya alliance Bakeridesia alliance Bakeridesia alliance Subtribe Sidinae Howittia alliance Callirhoe alliance Batesimalva alliance
Kearnemalvastrum alliance Gaya alliance Fryxellia alliance
Tribe Malopeae
Tribe Malopeae Tribe Malopeae Tribe Malopeae Malacothamnus
alliance Howittia alliance Gaya alliance
Malope alliance Kearnemalvastrum alliance Herrisantia alliance
Malva alliance Malacothamnus alliance Howittia alliance
Malvastrum alliance Malope alliance Kearnemalvastrum alliance
Plagianthus alliance Malva alliance Malope alliance Sidalcea alliance Malvastrum alliance Malva alliance Sphaeralcea alliance Napaea alliance Malvastrum alliance Plagianthus alliance Modiola alliance Sidalcea alliance Napaea alliance Sphaeralcea alliance Phymosia alliance Plagianthus alliance Robinsonella alliance Sida alliance Sidalcea alliance Sphaeralcea alliance
10
Edlin (1935) and slightly modified by Kearney (1949, 1951) who erected a fourth
subtribe Corynabutilinae. In 1967, Hutchinson further restructured the family and tribes
by creating Abutileae (composed of subtribes Abutilinae and Sidinae), Malopeae, and
Malveae (subtribes Corynabutilinae and Malvinae). The tribe Abutileae was created to
accommodate genera with decurrent stigmas, while genera with apical stigmas remained
in the Malveae. In both tribes, the subtribes were distinguished by ovule number and
position. Bates (1968) completely revised the classification scheme by eliminating the
subtribes and, instead, created thirteen informal alliances within a single tribe Malveae.
These generic alliances were based on morphology and chromosome number that were
thought to reflect better phylogenetic affinities (Bates 1968). Bates and Blanchard (1970)
subsequently expanded this classification scheme to include sixteen alliances. The most
recent classification for the Malveae (in which palynological and comparative
morphology were also considered) was proposed by Fryxell (1988). Although only
Mexican genera were treated in this publication, several new alliances were created. The
major changes involved removing several genera from the Abutilon alliance and creating
three new alliances (Herrisantia, Robinsonella, and Sida), segregating Modiola from the
Sphaeralcea alliance into its own alliance, reassigning Callirhoe to the Sidalcea alliance,
renaming the Malacothamnus alliance as the Phymosia alliance, and creating two new
alliances for the newly described genera Batesimalva and Fryxellia. For the current
study, I have followed the taxonomy of Fryxell (1988) and have treated the non-Mexican
genera as in Bates and Blanchard (1970).
Recent molecular studies of the Malvales and the Malvoideae (as Malvaceae s.
str.) have provided preliminary evidence for phylogenetic relationships within the
subfamily as well as the tribe Malveae. The tribe Gossypieae was found to be sister to
the Malveae based on rbcL and atpB (Bayer et al. 1999) and ndhF (Alverson et al. 1999)
11
sequence data. However, a chloroplast DNA based phylogeny using RFLPs (La Duke
and Doebley 1995) placed the Malveae in a clade sister to the remaining tribes of the
family. Although La Duke and Doebley’s study did not support monophyly of the
Malveae alliances, it did indicate two major clades: one associated with the Abutilon and
Sida alliances and the other with the remaining alliances. A recent study (Fuertes Aguilar
et al. in press) based on ITS sequence data examined the phylogenetic relationships of the
Abutilon and Sida generic alliances. Although the sampling was not exhaustive, neither
alliance was supported as monophyletic (Fuertes Aguilar et al. in press).
Previous studies have demonstrated that sufficient variation exists in ITS to
resolve phylogenetic relationships within and between genera in the Malvaceae s. str.
(Seelanan et al. 1997) and particularly in the Malveae (Ray 1995; Andreasen and
Baldwin 2001; Whittall et al. 2000; Fuertes Aguilar et al. in press; and Chapter 3).
However, several of these studies have also revealed genera which are not monophyletic
as currently circumscribed. Among these are the Abutilon-Sida complex (Fuertes Aguilar
et al. in press) and the Malva-Lavatera group (Ray 1995). The main purpose of this
study was to reconstruct a phylogeny that would provide a framework for a discussion of
the diversity among Malveae genera. The traditional alliances and generic relationships
are here evaluated in the most comprehensive molecular-based phylogeny of the Malveae
to date.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Taxon sampling
Sixty-three genera representing twenty of the twenty-one infratribal alliances
(Bates and Blanchard 1970, Fryxell 1988) were included. Table 2.3 lists the taxa
included, their voucher and location or GenBank accession number if previously
12
published. When possible, two or more species of the same genus were included.
Gossypium and Thespesia (tribe Gossypieae) were the designated outgroups.
DNA extraction and amplification
Leaf material was collected in the field and dried in silica gel (Chase and Hills
1991) or sampled from herbarium specimens. In some cases, seeds removed from
herbarium specimens or collected in the field were grown in the greenhouse and fresh
leaf material was used. Total genomic DNA was extracted from fresh material by the
“rainforest” method of Scott and Playford (1996) or from herbarium material following
the modified small scale CTAB protocol (Doyle and Doyle 1987) of Loockerman and
Jansen (1996). The addition of a phenol extraction aided in obtaining clean DNA from
recalcitrant species (especially from older herbarium specimens).
The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 18S-25S nuclear ribosomal
repeat was chosen for phylogeny reconstruction. The ITS region was amplified by the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a 50 uL cocktail consisting of 1x MasterAmp Tfl
PCR buffer (Epicentre), 2.5 µM MgCl2, 0.8 µM DNTPs, 0.05 µM DMSO, 0.5 unit TFL
polymerase (Epicentre) and 0.4 µM forward and reverse primers. Amplification primers
used were 7A (A. Plovanovich and J. Panero unpublished) and 4 (White et al. 1990) or
for ITS 1 and ITS 2 separately, primers 7A and 2 (Kim and Jansen 1994) and primers 3
(Kim and Jansen 1994) and 4, respectively. After an initial denaturing step at 95° for 5
minutes (“hot start”), the reactions were held at 72° while polymerase was added to each
reaction. Amplification of the ITS proceeded at 94° for 3 min, 46-52° for 1 min., 72° for
1 min., followed by 35 cycles of 94° 1 minute, 46-52° 1 minute, 72° for 45 sec. + 3
sec/cyc. with a final 7-15 minute extension at 72°. Amplification products were
13
Table 2.3. List of included taxa, voucher information (or GenBank accession number), and collection locality information. *Where two accession numbers occur, the first corresponds to the ITS1 sequence and the second to ITS2. JL indicates DNA provided by John La Duke (University of North Dakota), JFA was provided by Javier Fuertes Aguilar (Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid), and TBS indicates DNA provided by Tracey Bodo Slotta.
Species Voucher* Locality
Abutilon andrewsianum W. Fitzg. Johnson and Thomas MRS 351 (TEX) Australia - Queensland Abutilon pubistamineum Ulbr. AJ251049/AJ274993 Abutilon theophrasti Medik. La Duke s.n. (GFND) USA - Minnesota – St. Paul Acaulimalva alismatifolia (K. Schum. & Hieron.) Krapov.
Sagástegui A. et al. 15772 (TEX) Peru - Cajamarca - Cajamarca
Acaulimalva dryadifolia (Solms) Krapov. Lewis 37150 (TEX) Bolivia - La Paz - Inquisivi Alcea rosea Linn. AF303022 Alcea rugosa Alef. AJ251164/AJ251170 Allosidastrum pyramidatum (Cav.) Krapov., Fryx., D.M. Bates
AJ274965/AJ274996
Allowissadula holosericea (Scheele) D.M. Bates AJ274963/AJ274994 Anisodontea capensis (L.) D.M. Bates AJ251165/AJ251171 Anoda crenatiflora Orteg. AJ251043/AJ274987 Bakeridesia gloriosa D.M. Bates Panero et al. 5968 (TEX) Mexico - Oaxaca - Tlacolula Bastardia bivalvis Kunth Werling 293 (LL) Mexico - Oaxaca - Tlacolula Bastardiastrum cinctum (Brandegee) D.M. Bates Van Devender 98-522 (TEX) Mexico – Sonora – Mcpio. San Javier Bastardiopsis densiflora Hassl. Arbo et al. 5902 (TEX) Argentina - Misiones - San Javier Batesimalva violacea (Rose) Fryx. Powell and Powell 3632 ((TEX) USA - Texas - Brewster county Billieturnera helleri (Rose ex Heller) Fryx. JL Briquetia sonorae Fryx. Felger and Straub 85-1315 (TEX) Mexico – Sonora (Cañon Nacapules) Briquetia spicata (Kunth) Fryx. Guillén and Roca 3557 (TEX) Bolivia – Santa Cruz – Velasco Callirhoe digitata Nutt. AJ304936 Callirhoe involucrata A. Gray Tate s.n. (TEX) USA - Texas Calyculogygas uruguayensis Krapov. Krapovickas and Cristobal 16169 (LL) Uruguay - Lavalleja
14
Corynabutilon vitifolium (Cav.) Kearney AJ274970/AJ275001 Cristaria andicola Gay Tate et al. 97 (TEX) Chile - II Reg. de Antofagasta - El Loa Dendrosida breedlovei Fryx. AJ251032/AJ274976 Dendrosida wingfieldi Fryx. AJ251033/AJ274977 Dirhamphis sp. JL Eremalche exilis Greene Morefield and McCarty 3395 (TEX) USA - California - Inyo county Eremalche parryi Greene AJ304938 Fryxellia pygmaea (Correll) D.M. Bates JL Fuertesimalva jacens (S. Watson) Fryx. Koch and Fryxell 77326 (LL) Mexico - Mexico – Mcpio. Tenango de
Arista Fuertesimalva limensis (L.) Fryx. Tate and Timana 60 ((TEX) Peru - Ancash - Yungay Gaya atiquipana Krapov. Tate et al. 106 (TEX) Peru – Arequipa - Caraveli Gaya calyptrata H.B. & K. AJ251048/AJ274992 Gossypium hirsutum Cav. U12719 Hochreutinera amplexifolia (DC.) Fryx. Rubio 1087 (TEX) Mexico - Queretaro - Mcpio. Landa Hoheria sp. JFA Cultivated - Real Jardin Botanico,
Madrid Horsfordia sp. JL Howittia trilocularis F. Muell. Craven s.n. (TEX) Cultivated - Australian National Botanic
Garden, Canberra Iliamna bakeri (Jepson) Wiggins AF271166 Iliamna lactibracteata Wiggins AF271183 Iliamna remota Greene AF271196 Iliamna rivularis Greene AF271201 Kearnemalvastrum sp. JL Kearnemalvastrum lacteum (Aiton) D. M. Bates Calzada 21569 (TEX) Mexico – Oaxaca – Mcpio. Santiago Kitaibelia vitifolia Willd. AJ274972/AJ275003 Krapovickasia physaloides (Presl) Fryx. AJ251047/AJ274991 Lavatera arborea L. AF303016 Lavatera occidentalis S. Watson AJ251167/AJ251173 Lavatera trimestris L. AF303027 Lecanophora chubutensis (Speg.) Rodrigo Tate et al. 72 (TEX) Argentina - Mendoza - Las Heras
15
Lecanophora heterophylla (Cav.) Krapov. Tate et al. 70 (TEX) Argentina - Mendoza - Las Heras Malacothamnus chilensis (Gay) Krapov. Meudt and Lopez 028 (TEX) Chile – Santiago – Prov. de Cordillera Malacothamnus fasciculatus Greene TBS Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden
14242 Malope sp. JFA Malva assurgentiflora (Kellogg) M.F. Ray AF303032 Malva dendromorpha M.F. Ray AF303020 Malva linnaei M.F. Ray AF303015 Malva nicaensis All. AF303028/AF303029 Malva wigandii (Alef.) M.F. Ray AF303019 Malvastrum amblyphyllum R.E. Fries Krapovickas et al. 47237 (TEX) Argentina – Formosa – Bermejo Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. Nee 50549 (TEX) Bolivia – Santa Cruz – Warnes Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke AJ274971/AJ275002 Malvella sagittifolia (A. Gray) Fryx. AJ251045/AJ274989 Meximalva filipes (A. Gray) Fryx. AJ251039/AJ274983 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G. Don Tate et al. 50 (TEX) Mexico - Puebla Modiolastrum lateritium (Hook.) Krapov. Tressens et al. 4592 (TEX) Argentina - Misiones - Guaraní Monteiroa glomerata (Hook. et Arn.) Krapov. Krapovickas and Cristobal 43703
(TEX) Brasil - Santa Catarina
Napaea dioica Linn. AJ304940 Navaea phoenicea Webb & Berth. AF303030 Neobrittonia acerifolia Hochr. JFA Nototriche anthemidifolia A.W. Hill Tate et al. 85 (TEX) Argentina - Salta - Santa Victoria Nototriche flabellata A.W. Hill Funk and Bernal H. 11289 (TEX) Bolivia - La Paz - Murillo Nototriche pedicularifolia (Meyen) Hill Tate et al. 102 (TEX) Peru - Arequipa - Arequipa Palaua camanensis R. Ferreyra & M. Chanco Tate et al. 103 (TEX) Peru - Arequipa - Islay Palaua rhombifolia R. Grah. Tate et al. 105 (TEX) Peru - Arequipa - Caraveli Periptera punicea DC. Torres and Ramirez 13674 (TEX) Mexico – Michoacán – Mcpio. ZitácuaroPhymosia umbellata (Cav.) Kearney JL Pseudabutilon umbellatum (L.) Fryx. AJ274964/AJ274995 Rhynchosida physocalyx (A. Gray) Frxy. AJ251046/AJ274990 Robinsonella sp. JL
16
Sida abutifolia Mill. AJ274961/AJ251617 Sida aggregata Presl AJ274943/AJ251599 Sida fibulifera Lindl. AJ251042/AJ274986 Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby JFA Sida hookeriana Miq. JFA Sida juissieana DC. AJ251036/ AJ274980 Sida linifolia Cav. AJ274959/AJ251613 Sida longipes A. Gray AJ251030/AJ274974 Sida odorata Monteiro AJ274960 Sida oligandra K. Schum. AJ274966/AJ274997 Sida platycalyx Benth. AJ251041/AJ274985 Sida xantii A. Gray AJ274946/AJ251602 Sidalcea cusickii Piper AF196546 Sidalcea hirsuta A. Gray AJ304896 Sidalcea multifida Greene AJ304910 Sidalcea stipularis J.T. Howell & True AJ304932 Sidasodes colombiana Fryx. & J. Fuertes AJ274969/AJ275000 Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryx. AJ251040/AJ274984 Sphaeralcea angustifolia G. Don Tate et al. 51 (TEX) Mexico - San Luis Potosi Sphaeralcea cordobensis Krapov. Tate et al. 79 (TEX) Argentina - Cordoba Sphaeralcea crispa Hook. ex Baker f. Tate et al. 77 (TEX) Argentina - La Pampa - Caleu Caleu Sphaeralcea philippiana Krapov. Tate et al. 71 (TEX) Argentina - Mendoza - Las Heras Sphaeralcea wrightii A. Gray Tate et al. 53 (TEX) Mexico - Tamaulipas Tarasa albertii Phil. Tate et al. 74 (TEX) Argentina - Mendoza - Malargüe Tarasa humilis (Gill. ex Hook. et Arn.) Krapov. Tate et al. 69 (TEX) Chile - IX Reg. de Araucania Tarasa machupicchensis Krapov. Timana and Tate 3771 (TEX) Peru - Cuzco - Urubamba Tarasa mandonii (Baker) Kearney Beck 14510 (TEX) Bolivia - Cochabamba - Ayopaya Tarasa operculata (Cav.) Krapov. Tate and Timaná 62 (TEX) Peru - Arequipa - Arequipa Tarasa rhombifolia Krapov. Tate and Symonds 109 (TEX) Peru - Cuzco - Urubamba Tarasa thyrsoidea Krapov. Tate et al. 107 (TEX) Peru - Arequipa - Caraveli Tarasa trisecta (Griseb.) Krapov. Tate et al. 91 (TEX) Argentina - Salta - Cafayate Tetrasida chachapoyensis (Baker f.) Fryx. & J. Fuertes Campos and Diaz 2369 (TEX) Peru - Cajamarca - San Ignacio
17
Tetrasida weberbaueri (Ulbr.) Fryx. & J. Fuertes Campos and Diaz 2367 (TEX) Peru - Cajamarca - San Ignacio Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell ex Dalzell & A. Gibson
U56779
Urocarpidium albiflorum Ulbr. Burandt 2340 (F) Peru - Moquegua Wissadula boliviana R.E. Fries Nee 48628 (TEX) Bolivia - Santa Cruz - Andrés Ibáñez Wissadula cruziana R.E. Fries Nee 47523 (TEX) Bolivia - Santa Cruz - Cordillera Wissadula periplocifolia Griseb. Hill and Horn 27076 (TEX) Guyana - Region IV - Demerara-
Mahaica district
18
separated on a 1% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide and visualized with UV on
a transilluminator. PCR products were cleaned using Qiagen QIAquick spin columns
following manufacturer’s instructions. Cycle sequencing was performed using Big Dye
terminator chemistry. Centri-sep sephadex columns were used to remove residual salts
and unincorporated nucleotides from the single-stranded products. Automated
sequencing using the forward and reverse amplification primers was conducted on an
ABI 3700 at the DNA Analysis Laboratory at the University of Texas at Austin.
Sequence analysis
The boundaries of ITS were determined by comparison to published Gossypium
sequences. Complementary strands were edited using Sequencher (Gene Codes
Corporation 1995). The sequences were aligned using Clustal X (Thompson et al. 1997)
with manual adjustments as needed. Sequences were examined for angiosperm-
conserved regions in ITS1 (Liu and Schardl 1994) and ITS2 (Hershkovitz and Zimmer
1996). These regions were used to align taxa and if sequences were found which did not
maintain these regions, they were considered to be paralogous copies and were discarded
from the phylogenetic analyses. Sequence length and GC content were calculated in
MacClade 4.0 (Maddison and Maddison 2000). Pairwise divergence values and the
presence of biased base composition were assessed using PAUP* (Swofford 2002).
Phylogenetic analysis
Because the 5.8S was not available for all sequences, the region was excluded
from the phylogenetic analyses. Maximum parsimony was used as the optimality
criterion in PAUP* version 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002). The data set was tested for
hierarchical structure by evaluating 10000 randomly generated trees (Hillis and
19
Huelsenbeck 1992). For phylogeny reconstruction, an heuristic search was employed
with 1000 random addition sequences, TBR branch swapping, ACCTRAN character-
state optimization and gaps coded as missing. To reduce the amount of time spent
swapping on suboptimal trees, only 5 trees were held at each replicate. The best trees
were then swapped to completion. Support for monophyly of the clades was determined
by 100 bootstrap replicates (Felsenstein 1985).
RESULTS
Sequence characteristics and phylogenetic reconstruction
One hundred sixteen sequences (65 of these new) were analyzed for Malveae taxa
representing twenty (Herrisantia alliance not represented) of the twenty-one infratribal
alliances (Appendix A). These sequences will be deposited in GenBank prior to
publication. ITS1 length varied between taxa from 240 to 296 base pairs (bp), while
ITS2 contained 184 to 232 bp in the included taxa. Mean GC content of ITS1 and ITS2
was 46.9 – 61.8% and 49.8 – 67.7%, respectively. Pairwise divergence between genera
ranged from 0.021-0.213. The aligned region including ITS1 and ITS2 contained 622
characters: 137 characters were constant, 95 were autapomorphic, and 390 were
parsimony informative. ITS1 contained 225 parsimony informative characters while
ITS2 contained 165. Evaluating 10000 random trees returned a g1 statistic of -0.315
[critical value for 25 taxa and 500 informative characters = -0.08 (0.05 level) and –0.09
(0.01 level)] which indicates significant structure to the ITS data set (Hillis and
Huelsenbeck 1992).
An heuristic search as described above recovered 53 most parsimonious (MP)
trees of length 2992 with a CI= 0.2920 (excluding autapomorphies), RI= 0.6562, and
RC=0.2112. Figure 2.1 is one of these MP tree (that is similar to the majority rule tree)
20
and Figure 2.2 is the strict consensus of the most parsimonious trees. Figures 2.3 and 2.4
highlight the alliances and genera of clades A and B, respectively, on one most
parsimonious tree (same as Fig. 2.1) (see discussion below).
Table 2.4 Analysis of ITS regions for taxa included in this study. Length and GC content were calculated using MacClade v. 4.0 (Maddison and Maddison 2000). Pairwise divergence values and number of parsimony informative characters were found using PAUP* v.4.0b8 (Swofford 2002).
Region Length GC content Parsimony informative
characters ITS1 240-296 46.9 – 61.8 % 225 ITS2 184-232 49.8 – 67.7 % 165
Table 2.5 Test for base composition bias of analyzed sequences (for entire data set including outgroups). Values given are mean base frequency, degrees of freedom (df), and P value (a value greater than 0.05 indicates that there is not a significant difference among the taxa in the data set).
Region A C G T df P
ITS 0.21927 0.27938 0.27115 0.23020 372 0.990
21
Malva.nicaensisMalva.linnaeiLavatera.occidentalisMalva.assurgenteaMalva.dendromorphaMalva.wigandiiLavatera.arboreaLavatera.trimestrisNavaea.phoeniceaMalope.sp.Kitaibela.vitifoliaAlcea.roseaAlcea.rugosaCallirhoe.digitataCallirhoe.involucrataNapaea.dioicaAnisodontea.capensisMalacothamnus.fasciculatusPhymosia.umbellataIliamna.rivularisIliamna.remotaPalaua.rhombifoliaPalaua.camanensisUrocarpidium.albiflorumFuertesimalva.jacensFuertesimalva.limensisSidalcea.cusickiiSidalcea.multifidaSidalcea.hirsutaSidalcea.stipularisEremalche.exilisEremalche.parryiIliamna.bakeriIliamna.latibracteataMalvastrum.americanumMalvastrum.amblyphyllumMalvastrum.coromandelianumMonteiroa.glomerataModiolastrum.lateritiumModiola.carolinianaCalyculogygas.uruguayensisKearnemalvastrum.sp.Kearnemalvastrum.lacteumAcaulimalva.dryadifoliaAcaulimalva.alismatifoliaMalacothamnus.chilensisTarasa.mandoniiTarasa.machupicchensisSphaeralcea.angustifoliaSphaeralcea.wrightiiSphaeralcea.crispaSphaeralcea.philippianaSphaeralcea.cordobensisTarasa.operculataTarasa.thyrsoideaNototriche.flabellataNototriche.anthemidifoliaNototriche.pedicularifoliaTarasa.trisectaTarasa.rhombifoliaTarasa.humilisTarasa.albertiiSidastrum.paniculatumMeximalva.filipesSida.platycalyxSida.fibuliferaAnoda.crenatifloraPeriptera.puniceaHorsfordia.exsitaBakeridesia.gloriosaBastardiastrum.cinctumWissadula.cruzianaWissadula.bolivianaWissadula.periplocifoliaTetrasida.chachapoyensisPseudabutilon.umbellatumAbutilon.pubistamineumBastardia.bivalvisBastardiopsis.densifloraAbutilon.LadukeAbutilon.andrewsianum
Briquetia.sonoraeHochreutinera.amplexifolia
Dirhamphis.sp.Gaya.calyptrataGaya.atiquipanaBillieturnera.helleriRobinsonella.sp.Sida.oligandraFryxellia.pygmaeaDendrosida.breedloveiDendrosida.wingfieldiSida.abutifoliaSida.odorataSida.linifoliaSida.aggregataSida.xantiiSida.longipesSida.jussieanaKrapovickasia.physaloidesRhynchosida.physocalyxNeobrittonia.acerifoliaBatesimalva.violaceaAllowissadula.holosericeaTetrasida.weberbaueriAllosidastrum.pyramidatumMalvella.sagittifoliaCorynabutilon.vitifoliumLecanophora.chubutensisLecanophora.heterophyllaCristaria.andicolaSidasodes.colombianaSida.hookerianaHoheria.sp.Sida.hermaphroditaHowittia.trilocularisGossypium.hirsutumThespesia.lampas
9
50
57
16
310
1319
2214
5107
9 31
2734
31 1218
3455
20
1
4
7
8
1645
21 30
940 6
912
11
73 16
2729 4
11
3
612 10
8
912
7 03
4
3
3
5
1116
16 4 03
832
23 23
5 1118
9 3 1212
1713
52 3
88
43 3
3
13 32
22
88
3 20
6
57 4
4
113 2
01
3
12
11 23
31
82 1
22
67
7 103
62
14
12
13
8
5
7
7
1821 10
9
9 1219
7
5
4
9
15
614 42
326 21
1622
1722 0
16 13
1730
95
21
17 2213
3 2211
108
302
14
542 8
1131
14 3143
18
33
914
7
06
28 61
21
71420
8 1523
1540
41 126
919 28
21
1714 31
1416 32
6018
218 15
2824
1335
185 9
1525
1055052
Malva
MalvaMalope
Sphaeralcea
Sphaeralcea
Sphaeralcea
Sphaeralcea
Sidalcea
SidalceaNapaeaAnisodontea
Phymosia
Phymosia
Phymosia
Sphaeralcea
Malvastrum
Kearnemalvastrum
Sida
AnodaBatesimalva
Abutilon
Sida
Sida
Sida
Batesimalva
BatesimalvaPhymosia
Bakeridesia
Abutilon
AbutilonGaya
Gaya
Abutilon
AbutilonSida
Sida
SidaFryxellia
Robinsonella
Plagianthus
Howittia
Clade B
Clade A
Figure 2.1 One of 53 most parsimonious trees based on ITS sequence data [length=2992, CI= 0.2920 (excluding autapomorphies), RI= 0.6562, and RC=0.2112]. Branch lengths are shown above the branches. Alliance groupings are shown at right.
22
Malva.nicaensisMalva.linneiLavatera.occidentalisMalva.assurgenteaMalva.dendromorphaMalva.wigandiiLavatera.arboreaLavatera.trimestrisNavaea.phoeniceaMalope.sp.Kitaibela.vitifoliaAlcea.roseaAlcea.rugosaCallirhoe.digitataCallirhoe.involucrataNapaea.dioicaAnisodontea.capensisMalacothamnus.fasciculatusIliamna.rivularisIliamna.remotaPhymosia.umbellataPalaua.rhombifoliaPalaua.camanensisUrocarpidium.albiflorumFuertesimalva.jacensFuertesimalva.limensisSidalcea.cusickiiSidalcea.multifidaSidalcea.hirsutaSidalcea.stipularisEremalche.exilisEremalche.parryiIliamna.bakeriIliamna.latibracteataMalvastrum.americanumMalvastrum.amblyphyllumMalvastrum.coromandelianMonteiroa.glomerataModiolastrum.lateritiumModiola.carolinianaCalyculogygas.uruguayensisKearnemalvastrum.sp.Kearnemalvastrum.lacteumAcaulimalva.dryadifoliaAcaulimalva.alismatifoliaMalacothamnus.chilensisTarasa.mandoniiTarasa.machupicchensisSphaeralcea.angustifoliaSphaeralcea.wrightiiSphaeralcea.crispaSphaeralcea.philippianaSphaeralcea.cordobensisTarasa.operculataTarasa.thyrsoideaNototriche.flabellataNototriche.anthemidifoliaNototriche.pedicularifoliaTarasa.trisectaTarasa.rhombifoliaTarasa.humilisTarasa.albertiiSidastrum.paniculatumMeximalva.filipesSida.platycalyxSida.fibuliferaAnoda.crenatifloraPeriptera.puniceaHorsfordia.exsitaBakeridesia.gloriosaBastardiastrum.cinctumWissadula.cruzianaWissadula.bolivianaWissadula.periplocifoliaTetrasida.chachapoyPseudabutilon.umbellatumAbutilon.pubistamineumBastardia.bivalvisBastardiopsis.densifloraAbutilon.LadukeAbutilon.andrewsianumBriquetia.sonoraeHochreutinera.amplexifoliaDirhamphis.sp.Gaya.calyptrataGaya.atiquipanaBillieturnera.helleriRobinsonella.sp.Sida.oligandraFryxellia.pygmaeaDendrosida.breedloveiDendrosida.wingfieldiSida.aggregataSida.xantiiSida.abutifoliaSida.odorataSida.linifoliaSida.longipesSida.jussieanaKrapovickasia.physaloidesRhynchosida.physocalyxNeobrittonia.acerifoliaBatesimalva.violaceaAllowissadula.holosericeaTetrasida.weberbaueriAllosidastrum.pyramidatumMalvella.sagittifoliaCorynabutilon.vitifoliumLecanophora.chubutensisLecanophora.heterophyllaCristaria.andicolaSidasodes.colombianaSida.hookerianaHoheria.sp.Sida.hermaphroditaHowittia.trilocularisGossypium.hirsutumThespesia.lampas
9596
99100100
72100
7775
94100
99
100 93
98
79100
90
100
62
73
99
72100
6876
99
9298
100
94100
93
10076
91
68
100
84 87
96
10063
100
9999
100
100
100
8475
7396
51
6684
100100
71
51
74
10082.
88100
5710052
58
53
100
99
51100
83
77
100
100
Figure 2.2 The strict consensus of 53 most parsimonious trees based on ITS sequence data. Bootstrap support (above 50) for 100 replicates is indicated below the nodes.
23
1351
Sidastrum.paniculatumMeximalva.filipesSida.platycalyxSida.fibuliferaAnoda.crenatifloraPeriptera.puniceaHorsfordia.exsitaBakeridesia.gloriosaBastardiastrum.cinctumWissadula.cruzianaWissadula.bolivianaWissadula.periplocifoliaTetrasida.chachapoyensisPseudabutilon.umbellatumAbutilon.pubistamineumBastardia.bivalvisBastardiopsis.densifloraAbutilon.LadukeAbutilon.andrewsianum
Briquetia.sonoraeHochreutinera.amplexifolia
Dirhamphis.sp.Gaya.calyptrataGaya.atiquipanaBillieturnera.helleriRobinsonella.sp.Sida.oligandraFryxellia.pygmaeaDendrosida.breedloveiDendrosida.wingfieldiSida.abutifoliaSida.odorataSida.linifoliaSida.aggregataSida.xantiiSida.longipesSida.jussieanaKrapovickasia.physaloidesRhynchosida.physocalyxNeobrittonia.acerifoliaBatesimalva.violaceaAllowissadula.holosericeaTetrasida.weberbaueriAllosidastrum.pyramidatumMalvella.sagittifoliaCorynabutilon.vitifoliumLecanophora.chubutensisLecanophora.heterophyllaCristaria.andicolaSidasodes.colombianaSida.hookerianaHoheria.sp.Sida.hermaphroditaHowittia.trilocularisGossypium.hirsutumThespesia.lampas
9
43
62
14
12
13
8
5
7
7
18
2110
9
912
19
7
5
4
9
15
6
1442
32
621
16
22
17
220
1
613
17
30
9
521
1722
13
322
11
10
8
302
14
5
428
11
31
1431
43
18
33
9
14
7
0
628
6
1
21
714
20
815
23
15
40
4112
6
9
1928
21
17
1431
14
1632
60
18
218
15
28
24
35
185
9
15
25
105
49
50
Clade B
100
9999
6684
71
100
100
74
10082
88100
57
10052
58
100
84
75
96
51
100
100
100
53
99
83100
77
51
100
100
73
Sida
Anoda
Batesimalva
Abutilon
Sida
Sida
Phymosia
Bakeridesia
Abutilon
Abutilon
Gaya
SidaFryxellia
Robinsonella
Batesimalva
BatesimalvaAbutilon
Abutilon
Sida
Gaya
Sida
Plagianthus
HowittiaSida
Figure 2.3 Clade A from one most parsimonious tree (see Figure 2.1). Branch lengths are shown above the branches and bootstrap support (above 50) for 100 replicates is given below. Genera are colored according to their alliance associations which also correspond to the bars on the right.
24
Malva.nicaensisMalva.linneiLavatera.occidentalisMalva.assurgenteaMalva.dendromorphaMalva.wigandiiLavatera.arboreaLavatera.trimestrisNavaea.phoeniceaMalope.sp.Kitaibela.vitifoliaAlcea.roseaAlcea.rugosaCallirhoe.digitataCallirhoe.involucrataNapaea.dioicaAnisodontea.capensisMalacothamnus.fasciculatusPhymosia.umbellataIliamna.rivularisIliamna.remotaPalaua.rhombifoliaPalaua.camanensisUrocarpidium.albiflorumFuertesimalva.jacensFuertesimalva.limensisSidalcea.cusickiiSidalcea.multifidaSidalcea.hirsutaSidalcea.stipularisEremalche.exilisEremalche.parryiIliamna.bakeriIliamna.latibracteataMalvastrum.americanumMalvastrum.amblyphyllumMalvastrum.coromandelianumMonteiroa.glomerataModiolastrum.lateritiumModiola.carolinianaCalyculogygas.uruguayensisKearnemalvastrum.sp.Kearnemalvastrum.lacteumAcaulimalva.dryadifoliaAcaulimalva.alismatifoliaMalacothamnus.chilensisTarasa.mandoniiTarasa.machupicchensisSphaeralcea.angustifoliaSphaeralcea.wrightiiSphaeralcea.crispaSphaeralcea.philippianaSphaeralcea.cordobensisTarasa.operculataTarasa.thyrsoideaNototriche.flabellataNototriche.anthemidifoliaNototriche.pedicularifoliaTarasa.trisectaTarasa.rhombifoliaTarasa.humilisTarasa.albertii
57
16
3
10
13
19
22
145
107
931
2734
311218
3455
20
1
4
7
8
1645
2130
940
69
1211
73
1627
29411
3
6
12108
912
703
4
3
3
5
11
1616
403
832
2323
51118
93
1212
1713
52
38
8
43
33
13 32
22
88
320
6
5
744
113
20
1
3
12
1123
31
82
12
26
7
7103
Clade A
9596
99100
100
100
77 72
75
94100
100
100
99
9298
84
62
73
10093
98
79100
90
100
72100
6876
99
99
6396
100
68
87
91
76
93100
100
Malva
Malva
Malope
Sphaeralcea
Sphaeralcea
Sphaeralcea
Sphaeralcea
Sidalcea
SidalceaNapaeaAnisodontea
Phymosia
Phymosia
Phymosia
Sphaeralcea
Malvastrum
Kearnemalvastrum
Figure 2.4 Clade B from one most parsimonious tree (see Figure 2.1). Branch lengths are shown above the branches and bootstrap support (above 50) for 100 replicates is given below. Genera are colored according to their alliance associations which also correspond to the bars on the right.
25
DISCUSSION
The traditional alliances (as well as several genera) are not monophyletic
Consistent with a previous chloroplast-based phylogeny (La Duke and Doebley
1995), the informal alliances of the Malveae are not monophyletic in the ITS phylogeny
(Figs. 2.1, 2.3, 2.4). Figures 2.1, 2.3, and 2.4 illustrate the general distribution of the
alliances on one most parsimonious tree. Overall, two main clades were reconstructed:
one clade (hereafter referred to as Clade A) containing the Abutilon, Bakeridesia,
Batesimalva, Fryxellia, Gaya, Plagianthus, Robinsonella, and Sida alliances; and a
second large clade (Clade B) consisting of genera from the Anisodontea, Callirhoe,
Kearnemalvastrum, Malva, Malvastrum, Modiola, Napaea, Phymosia, Sphaeralcea, and
Sidalcea alliances. Although many more genera were included here, the structure of the
ITS tree appears congruent with the cp-DNA tree of La Duke and Doebley (1995) in that
two main clades were reconstructed. None of the historical classification schemes are
reflected in the ITS phylogeny, however (Table 2.2). While some alliances are not
monophyletic, only one alliance (Phymosia) appeared in the two main clades. Therefore,
the alliances in general seem to indicate better generic affinities than the previous
subtribal classifications. In this case, chromosome number and general geographic
distribution seem to be more reliable indicators of phylogenetic relatedness than are some
of the previously emphasized morphological characters (particularly those of the carpel).
The tribe Malveae appears to be monophyletic, although sampling did not include
three of the other four tribes in the Malvoideae. To place the tribe definitively within the
family, sampling should include members of the tribes Dechaschistieae, Gossypieae,
Hibisceae, and Malvavisceae. However, as the ITS alignment even within the tribe
presented difficulties, the use of a more slowly evolving molecule for phylogeny
26
reconstruction would permit the inclusion of more distantly related taxa. Likewise, the
high homoplasy levels (CI=0.2920 excluding uninformative characters, RC=0.2112)
indicate that this marker may not be particularly well-suited for a tribal level phylogeny.
However, homoplasy levels have been shown to increase when a large number of taxa are
analyzed (Sanderson and Donoghue 1989).
The basal-most lineage of the Malveae is occupied by Howittia, a monotypic
genus from southeastern Australia. The systematic position of this genus has been
questionable for some time. Bentham and Hooker (1862) first placed the genus in the
subtribe Abutileae with other genera containing two to many ovules per carpel (e.g.,
Abutilon, Sphaeralcea, Modiola). Edlin (1935) proposed that perhaps this genus did not
belong in the Malveae since it possesses morphological features rather atypical for the
tribe (shrubby habit, staminal column antheriferous to the base, lack of stylar branches,
and non-disarticulating fruits). Instead, the tribe Hibisceae was thought to house this
unusual genus better (Edlin 1935). Bates (1968) placed Howittia in its own alliance
within the Malveae and allied the genus to other genera in the Abutilon alliance. Since
Howittia occupies a basal (or perhaps sister) lineage of the Malveae, it is particularly
unfortunate that the chromosome number is unknown (Bates [1968] suggested a base
chromosome number of 7 or 8 for the tribe).
Several genera were also resolved as non-monophyletic in the ITS phylogeny:
Abutilon, Iliamna, Lavatera, Malva, Malacothamnus, Sida, Tarasa, and Tetrasida.
Previous phylogenetic studies of the Abutilon-Sida complex (Fuertes Aguilar et al. in
press) and the Lavatera-Malva group (Ray 1995) similarly demonstrated a lack of
monophyly for these four genera. The issue of non-monophyly for the remaining genera
was unexpected. For the remainder of the discussion I will focus on the overall pattern of
alliance and generic relatedness within clades A and B, respectively.
27
Alliances and genera of Clade A
As previously mentioned, Clade A contains mostly members of the Sida and
Abutilon alliances, along with genera from the Bakeridesia, Fryxellia, Gaya, Phymosia,
and Robinsonella alliances (Figure 2.3). The Abutilon-Sida complex was the subject of a
recent phylogenetic investigation using ITS (Fuertes Aguilar et al. in press) in which the
two genera were found to be non-monophyletic. Sida (100 spp.) has long been
recognized as a heterogeneous assemblage (Fryxell 1985). Attempts to create a more
natural group have resulted in several segregate genera: Allosidastrum, Bastardiopsis,
Billieturnera, Dendrosida, Krapovickasia, Malvella, Meximalva, Rhynchosida,
Sidastrum, and Tetrasida. Consequently, it is not surprising that the remaining species of
Sida as well as the entire Sida alliance (12 genera) still do not form a monophyletic group
in this expanded ITS phylogeny (Figure 2.3). A “core” Sida clade was reconstructed,
which consisted of Sida abutifolia (section Spinosae), S. aggregata (section Muticae), S.
linifolia (section Stenindae), S. longipes (section Ellipticifoliae), S. jusseiana (section
Nelavagae), S. xanti (section Cordifoliae) along with Dendrosida. Fryxell (1997)
suggested Meximalva and Dendrosida were potential close relatives to Sida. In fact, both
genera are closely related to species of Sida although they occur in separate clades. The
remaining species of Sida are distributed throughout Clade A (Figure 2.3). Likewise, the
11 genera of the Abutilon alliance are scattered throughout clade A. The three species of
Abutilon (200 spp.) included here also did not form a monophyletic group. The potential
for non-monophyly appears high for alliances which are composed of many genera (e.g.,
Abutilon, Sida, Sphaeralcea). However, even a few of the smaller alliances are not
monophyletic in the ITS phylogeny: Gaya alliance (3 genera), Batesimalva alliance (4
genera), and the Phymosia alliance (1 sp. in clade A, the other 3 in clade B). In
particular, the placement of Neobrittonia of the Phymosia alliance (Fryxell 1988) sister to
28
Batesimalva was surprising, although the two share a chromosome number of n=16.
Bates (1968) originally placed Neobrittonia amongst the other pluriovulate genera of the
Abutilon alliance (e.g., Bakeridesia, Herissantia, Pseudabutilon, and Wissadula).
One of the other genera resolved as non-monophyletic in the ITS phylogeny was
Tetrasida. The genus currently contains four species (Fryxell and Fuertes Aguilar 1992)
found in Peru and Ecuador. Two species were included here to represent the genus: T.
chachapoyensis clusters with species of Wissadula, while T. weberbaueri is sister to
Allowissadula holosericea. Krapovickas (1969) included the species now considered as
Tetrasida in Abutilon section Tetrasida because he believed the condition of a four-
merous corolla (for which the genus was named) in the species was not sufficiently
consistent to merit generic recognition (Krapovickas 1969). However, Fryxell and
Fuertes Aguilar (1992) resurrected the genus including two species and later (Fryxell and
Fuertes Aguilar 1997) described two new species.
The most basal clade of Clade A contains a medley of taxa: Hoheria, Sidasodes
colombiana, Sida hermaphrodita, and Sida hookeriana. The placement of Hoheria, a
genus endemic to New Zealand, outside the remaining members of the Malveae seems
logical in terms of its geographic distribution. Very few genera in the tribe (only
members of the Plagianthus alliance and Howittia) are centered in the South Pacific
region. The placement of Hoheria with these “divergent” taxa is more likely a reflection
of the lack of sampling from Australia and New Zealand species, rather than a true
phylogenetic affinity. In fact, the inclusion of the remaining members of this alliance
provides additional resolution to the placement of this genus (Tate et al. in prep.). Also
included in this clade is Sida hookeriana (section Hookerianae), a species from
southwestern Australia (Fryxell 1985). The placement of this species near Hoheria is
intriguing and its basal position in the phylogeny could be evidence of South Pacific
29
origin for the tribe. However, two American species are also included in this clade:
Sidasodes colombiana (from the Andes of Colombia and Peru) and Sida hermaphrodita
(section Pseudo-Napaea) from the eastern United States. Fryxell and Fuertes Aguilar
(1992) noted the similarity of Sidasodes to Sida hermaphrodita on the basis of fruit
morphology. However, these taxa were not thought to share other features. Sidasodes
has a base chromosome number of x=5 which is common to members of the traditional
Sphaeralcea alliance, but the former is not closely related to any genera of the latter.
Instead, this species probably represents an aneuploid lineage of the clade.
Alliances and genera of Clade B
Clade B was resolved as a well-supported group (84% bootstrap support)
composed of genera from the Anisodontea, Kearnemalvastrum, Malva, Malvastrum,
Napaea, Phymosia, Sidalcea, and Sphaeralcea alliances (Figure 2.4). The clade contains
mostly American taxa, with the exception of Alcea (Mediterranean to central Asia),
Anisodontea (South Africa), Kitaibela (Europe), the Malva-Lavatera group (mainly north
temperate areas), Navaea phoenicia (Canary Island endemic) and Malope
(Mediterranean). Again, several of the alliances (Malva, Phymosia, Sidalcea,
Sphaeralcea), as well as several genera (e.g., Iliamna, Malacothamnus, Tarasa) are not
monophyletic in the ITS phylogeny.
The three genera with multiverticillar carpels (Kitaibela, Malope, and Palaua)
that were once placed in a separate tribe Malopeae were all members of clade B (Figure
2.4). However, these three genera did not form a monophyletic group, which implies that
this unusual morphological feature has evolved on three separate occasions. Bates (1968)
placed Palaua in the Sphaeralcea alliance with the other x=5 genera, while retaining
Kitaibela and Malope as the sole members of the Malope alliance. He also proposed that
30
the evolution of the carpels into superposed verticils in Palaua occurred independently
from that of Malope and Kitaibela, an hypothesis which is supported here.
One important finding within clade B is the sister relationship of Urocarpidium
albiflorum to the Fuertesimalva species. Urocarpidium albiflorum, the type species of
the genus, was placed in synonymy with Tarasa operculata due to its apically plumose
awns on the mericarps (Fryxell 1996). The genus Fuertesimalva was created to
accommodate the remaining species of Urocarpidium (Fryxell 1996). The results of the
ITS phylogeny (and also chloroplast data, see Chapter 3), do not support the separation of
U. albiflorum from the remaining species of Fuertesimalva nor its inclusion in Tarasa
operculata and argue for the original generic composition and name. In fact, calyx and
leaf vestiture seem to be a better indicator of phylogenetic relatedness for these species
than the presence of apical ornamentation on the mericarps. For example, in Tarasa the
calyx trichomes are stipitate stellate, whereas in Urocarpidium sensu lato, they are
hirsute. The two genera also differ in mericarp morphology: Urocarpidium mericarps
are indehiscent, glabrous, and typically laterally “ridged,” while Tarasa mericarps are
dehiscent (at least partially), have stellate pubescence on the dorsal and apical surfaces,
and the lateral walls may be smooth or reticulate. The occurrence of an apical awn on the
mericarps of these genera appears to be a convergent character and is found in other cases
as well (e.g., Tarasa species).
The sister relationship of a South American coastal genus (Palaua) to an Andean
genus (Fuertesimalva) is particularly interesting. Neither genus had been previously
suggested to be closely related to the other. Because the genera occurring in the high
Andes do not form a monophyletic clade (they are scattered within Clade A and Clade
B), multiple independent colonizations of the Andes by several Malveae genera are
inferred (e.g., Acaulimalva, Malvastrum, Nototriche, Sida, Sidasodes, and Tarasa).
31
Iliamna and Malacothamnus were both found to be not monophyletic (see
discussion of M. chilensis under Tarasa). Two species of Iliamna (I. bakeri and I.
lactebracteata) (x=33) which are endemic to northern California/southern Oregon are
more closely related to Sidalcea (x=5) and Eremalche (x=5) which are distributed along
the western coast of North America than to the remaining members of Iliamna. The other
two species included here (I. rivularis, found in the Rocky Mountains of the United
States and I. remota, found in Illinois, Indiana, and Virginia), cluster with Phymosia
(Mexico and Caribbean) (x=17) and Malacothamnus fasciculatus (California) (x=17).
Iliamna, Malacothamnus, Neobrittonia and Phymosia were grouped together in the
Phymosia alliance by Fryxell (1988). The Iliamna/Malacothamnus/Phymosia group is
currently being studied in greater detail (Slotta pers. comm.).
Among the non-monophyletic genera was Tarasa (x=5), a high elevation Andean
genus, which ranges from central Peru to southern Argentina and adjacent Chile, with 2
species disjunct in central Mexico (Krapovickas 1954). In the ITS phylogeny,
Malacothamnus chilensis was placed sister to Tarasa machupicchensis and T. mandonii
of Peru and Bolivia, respectively (a finding also corroborated by chloroplast data, see
Chapter 3). Malacothmanus chilensis (x=6) is the only South American species (southern
Chile) of a genus otherwise composed of x=17 North American species (Krapovickas
1952, Bates 1968, Bates and Blanchard 1970). Recent chromosome counts made during
a systematic study of Tarasa revealed that T. machupicchensis and T. mandonii share this
chromosome number of x=6 (see Chapter 3). Morphologically, these species also share a
shrubby habit and relatively large flowers. Based on the unusual shared chromosome
number, morphological evidence, and molecular phylogenetic results, these taxa merit
recognition at the generic level (Tate in prep.).
32
Even with the removal of the x=6 species from Tarasa, the genus is still not
monophyletic. Sphaeralcea (x=5), a North-South American temperate disjunct genus, is
sister to a clade containing the remaining species of Tarasa and the ultra-high elevation
(> 4000 m) Andean genus Nototriche (x=5). These three genera had been suggested to be
close relatives based on gross morphology and mitotic chromosome morphology
(Krapovickas 1960). The two North American Sphaeralcea species sampled cluster
together, as do the two South American taxa included. The species of Nototriche are
well-embedded within the Tarasa clade. Further sampling of these two genera is needed
to resolve the relationship among the species.
CONCLUSIONS
Results from this study, like several previous phylogenetic works, suggest that the
infratribal systematics and even generic boundaries of the Malveae need to be revised.
Before formal proposals are made, however, the phylogenetic relationships recovered in
the nuclear-based phylogeny should be compared to a chloroplast-based phylogeny. True
phylogenetic relationships may be obscured in situations where polyploidy
(allopolyploidy) and/or hybridization commonly occur (Doyle 1992, Wendel and Doyle
1998). The former at least appears to be a common speciation mechanism in many
lineages of the Malveae. The extent of hybridization between lineages within the tribe
remains untested to date. Future work which utilizes both nuclear and chloroplast
molecular data and which focuses on the systematics of closely related genera should
shed light on this issue.
33
Chapter 3: Molecular systematics of the polyploid Andean genus Tarasa Philippi (Malvaceae)
ABSTRACT
A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Andean genus Tarasa (Malvaceae) and
related genera yielded unexpected results regarding generic boundaries, the origins of
polyploidy, and the morphological attributes of the polyploid taxa. As currently
circumscribed, the 30 species of Tarasa (diploid and tetraploid) are morphologically
characterized by their magenta, lilac, or white flowers displayed in axillary scorpioid
cymes, apically aristate, completely dehiscent mericarps, and a base chromosome number
of x=5. The species are found across a range of elevations (800-4200 m) from central
Peru to southern Chile and adjacent Argentina, with two species disjunct in central
Mexico. The tetraploid species occupy higher elevation habitats in the Andes than the
diploids. Further, the tetraploids are unusual in that they are all annuals and have reduced
floral morphologies (smaller flowers and fewer anthers) compared to the diploid species.
Nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (psbA-trnH and trnT-trnL spacers, matK-3’trnK intron)
sequence data were used to reconstruct independent phylogenies to test monophyly of the
genus, determine its sister group(s), and investigate the origin of the polyploid species.
Neither the nuclear nor the chloroplast phylogeny supports monophyly of Tarasa as
currently circumscribed. The high Andean genus Nototriche and the North/South
American disjunct genus Sphaeralcea are placed within the Tarasa clade. Also, a clade
consisting of the shrubby species Tarasa machupicchensis, T. mandonii, and T.
spiciformis plus Malacothamnus chilensis (n=6) was placed outside of and sister to the
remaining species of Tarasa and included genera. Chromosome counts have verified that
these Tarasa species are n=6 and should not be considered part of Tarasa. Lastly, the
34
polyploid species of Tarasa do not form a monophyletic clade and thus have been
generated multiple times. These findings suggest that the shared morphological features
of the tetraploids are the result of convergent evolution and not shared ancestry.
INTRODUCTION
Taxonomic history
The genus Tarasa was first described by Philippi in 1891 for a single species,
Tarasa rahmeri Philippi, from Tarapacá, Chile. The genus (locally called ‘Tarasa’) was
primarily distinguished from other mallows by its completely dehiscent and apically
aristate mericarps. Philippi (1891) contrasted the genus with Cristaria with which it
shares apical mericarp ornamentation, but in Cristaria these appendages are broad and
wing-like. A second species, Tarasa albertii Philippi [as Tarassa alberti Philippi], from
the Andes of southern Argentina was added in 1893. In 1949, Kearney transferred
Sphaeralcea mandonii and Malva plumosa to Tarasa bringing the total number of species
to four. During the interim between Philippi’s descriptions and Kearney’s publication
and a few years thereafter, the remaining species now considered Tarasa were variously
described as species of Malva, Malvastrum, or Sphaeralcea. In a 1954 synopsis of
Tarasa, Krapovickas expanded the genus to include 24 species by proposing 13 new
combinations and describing 8 new species. Since then, six additional species have been
included in the genus (Bates 1965, Krapovickas 1960, 1965, 1970, 1979). As
traditionally circumscribed, the species of Tarasa are characterized by axillary scorpioid
cymes bearing lilac, magenta, or white flowers (except solitary in Tarasa humilis and
umbellate in Tarasa umbellata and Tarasa reichei), apically aristate and completely
dehiscent mericarps, and a base chromosome number of x=5 (Krapovickas 1954).
Krapovickas (1960) created two sections within Tarasa (Table 3.1): section Umbellatae
35
containing the two species (T. umbellata and T. reichei) in southern Chile that have
umbels and exserted anthers and stigmas, and section Tarasa composed of the remaining
species. The latter was further divided into three informal groups that differed in habit,
leaf morphology, and ploidy level.
Chromosomes, geography, and morphology
As part of his revision of the genus, Krapovickas (1954, 1960) conducted
cytological studies which revealed the presence of both diploids (2n=10) and tetraploids
(2n=20). These counts, combined with those made in this study total nineteen of the
thirty species: nine of these are 2n=10, two are 2n=12, and eight are 2n=20 (Table 3.1).
Polyploidy is particularly interesting in Tarasa because characters of the species violate
two axioms of polyploid groups. First, polyploids are typically perennials (Stebbins
1940, 1950), however, the polyploid species of Tarasa are all annuals (Krapovickas
1954, 1960). Second, because polyploidization leads to increased cell size, the gross
morphological features of polyploids described to date are larger than their diploid
relatives (Gustafsson 1948, Stebbins 1940, 1950). Yet, the tetraploid species of Tarasa
have an overall reduced morphology which includes smaller flowers with fewer anthers
than the diploid species (Krapovickas 1960, 1971). In a palynological study, Tressens
(1970) found the pollen of several tetraploid Tarasa species (range = 25-27 µm in
diameter) to be generally smaller than that of most diploid pollen (range = 27.5-32.0 µm
in diameter). Tetraploid pollen grains were found to have more apertures than diploid
pollen grains (6-10 versus 3-5) and were ovoid in shape (versus spherical in diploid
species) (Tressens 1970).
36
Table 3.1 Tarasa as circumscribed (Krapovickas 1954, 1960, 1971; Bates 1965) and chromosome numbers. Ploidy level was inferred for species without previously published chromosome counts – see page 50 for details.
Circumscription of Tarasa 2n published
2n inferred
Chromosome count reference
SECTION TARASA DIPLOID PERENNIALS T. albertii Phil. 10 Krapovickas 1949T. capitata (Cav.) Bates 10 Krapovickas 1960T. humilis (Gillies ex Hook. et Arn.) Krapov. 10 Krapovickas 1960T. machupicchensis Krapov. 12 This chapter T. mandonii (Baker) Kearney 12 This chapter T. operculata (Cav.) Krapov. 10 Krapovickas 1960T. rhombifolia Krapov. 10 T. spiciformis Krapov. 12 T. thyrsoidea Krapov. 10 This chapter DIPLOID ANNUALS T. cardenasii Krapov. 10 Krapovickas 1954T. heterophylla (Gris.) Krapov. 10 Fernandez 1974 T. latearistata Krapov. 10 T. meyeri Krapov. 10 Krapovickas 1954T. trisecta (Gris.) Krapov. 10 Krapovickas 1960TETRAPLOID ANNUALS T. antofagastana (Phil.) Krapov. 20 Krapovickas 1960T. cerrateae Krapov. 20 Krapovickas 1960T. congestiflora (Johnston) Krapov. 20 T. corrugata Krapov. 20 T. geranioides (Cham. et Schl.) Krapov. 20 This chapter T. marinii Krapov. 20 T. martiniana Krapov. 20 T. nototrichoides Krapov. 20 T. odonellii Krapov. 20 Krapovickas 1954T. pediculata Krapov. 20 T. tarapacana (Phil.) Krapov. 20 Krapovickas 1960T. tenella (Cav.) Krapov. 20 Krapovickas 1960T. tenuis Krapov. 20 Krapovickas 1954T. urbaniana (Ulbr.) Krapov. 20 Krapovickas 1960SECTION UMBELLATAE T. reichei (Phil.) Krapov. 10 T. umbellata Krapov. 10
37
In addition to these anomalous morphological features, the species of Tarasa
exhibit a distinct relationship between ploidy level and geographic distribution (Figure
3.1). The diploid species, many of which have restricted distributions, occur at mid-
elevations (between 800-3500 m) and form a discontinuous belt along both sides of the
Andean Cordillera (Krapovickas 1960, 1971). The tetraploids occupy the interior of the
diploid ring at higher elevations (2500-4200 m) and are usually weeds in disturbed or
cultivated habitats of the central Andean altiplano (Krapovickas 1954, 1960, 1971).
Areas historically subjected to disturbance typically have comparatively high occurrences
of polyploidy, especially those affected by the advance and retreat of Pleistocene ice
sheets (Stebbins 1950, Ehrendorfer 1980). Krapovickas (1971) suggested that the
morphological plasticity and greater stress tolerance of the tetraploids allowed them to
occupy new areas at higher altitudes that were previously not occupied by the genus. An
origin for the polyploid species was not suggested nor whether they were auto- or
allopolyploid derivatives (Krapovickas 1960, 1971).
Systematic position
Tarasa has been allied to other x=5 genera belonging to the Sphaeralcea alliance
in the tribe Malveae. In particular, the genera Sphaeralcea A. St.-Hil., Nototriche Turcz.
and Acaulimalva (Cav.) Krapov. were suggested to be close relatives (Krapovickas 1960,
1971). Sphaeralcea (40 species) occurs in temperate North and South America and has
similar mericarp morphology to Tarasa (Krapovickas 1960, 1971). Nototriche is a
distinctive Andean (Ecuador to Argentina) clade of approximately 100 perennial (rarely
annual) acaulescent species usually found at altitudes above 4000 m (Fryxell 1997). A
few tetraploid species of Tarasa share with Nototriche the unusual morphological
character of a sheath formed by fused stipules, petiole, and peduncle (Krapovickas 1960).
38
Figure 3.1 Distribution of Tarasa in the Americas. The map was generated using the program DIVA-GIS (Hijmans et. al 2002). Localities are based on label information from approximately 1400 herbarium specimens. Diploid (2n=10) species are indicated by red dots; tetraploid (2n=20) species are indicated by yellow dots.
39
Acaulimalva is also an Andean genus (19 species) of acaulescent perennial herbs
distributed at high elevations (2900-4800 m) from Venezuela and Colombia to Bolivia
and northwestern Argentina (Krapovickas 1974, Fryxell 1997). Tarasa humilis, the only
species in the genus with an acaulescent habit and solitary flowers, was suggested to be a
link between either the perennial species of Nototriche or the genus Acaulimalva
(Krapovickas 1960). In particular, Krapovickas (1971) noted that Sphaeralcea,
Nototriche, and Tarasa have mitotic chromosomes of similar size and morphology which
could indicate a close relationship among them. Urocarpidium albiflorum Ulbr., the type
species of that genus, was placed in synonymy with Tarasa operculata due to the
presence of an apically plumose awn on the mericarps (Fryxell 1996). The genus
Fuertesimalva Fryxell was created to accommodate the remaining species of
Urocarpidium (Fryxell 1996). Krapovickas (1949) earlier in a footnote had also
suggested that Urocarpidium could be synonymous with Tarasa since both were
separated from Malvastrum on the basis of apically aristate fruits (Ulbrich 1917).
However, it is not clear from his remarks whether he was able personally to examine any
specimens of Urocarpidium.
Previous molecular-based phylogenies provided preliminary evidence for the
systematic position of Tarasa. An earlier chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis of the
Malvaceae s.s. placed Sphaeralcea and Tarasa as sister taxa (La Duke and Doebley
1995). However, neither Nototriche nor Acaulimalva were included in this study. Our
recent and more inclusive ITS phylogeny of the tribe Malveae revealed surprising and
complex relationships of Tarasa to its allies (Figures 2.1 and 2.4, previous chapter.).
Unexpectedly, the genus was found not to be monophyletic due to the inclusion, in a
single well-supported clade with Tarasa, of Malacothamnus chilensis (Gay) Krapov. and
all species of Nototriche and Sphaeralcea sampled. Acaulimalva was not closely related
40
to this group, despite its similar geographic distribution, habit, and chromosome number.
The placement of Malacothamnus chilensis sister to Tarasa machupicchensis, T.
mandonii, and T. spiciformis was not anticipated, but is logical given its geographic
distribution, shared chromosome number of n=6 (M. chilensis, Bates and Blanchard
1970; T. mandonii, A. Krapovickas pers. comm. and Table 3.1, T. machupicchensis,
Table 3.1) and overall similar morphology to those Tarasa species. The remaining
species of Malacothamnus have a chromosome number of n=17 and are confined to the
western coast of North America from California to Baja California (Fryxell 1997). The
species of Sphaeralcea sampled (both North and South American representatives) formed
a monophyletic clade sister to the remaining species of Tarasa and Nototriche in that ITS
phylogeny.
The goals of this study were three-fold to: 1) assess further the monophyly of
Tarasa as currently circumscribed using both nuclear and chloroplast sequence data, 2)
determine the sister taxon to Tarasa, and 3) unravel the origins of the polyploid species
of Tarasa. In this chapter, I examine in more detail the phylogenetic relationships within
Tarasa and to the genera Nototriche and Sphaeralcea. Evidence is drawn from
morphological and cytological data as well as nuclear and chloroplast-based phylogenies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Taxon sampling
Outgroup choice was initially based on the suggested close relationship of Tarasa
to Acaulimalva, Nototriche, and Sphaeralcea (Krapovickas 1960, 1971). Only the most
closely related genera as determined from a larger ITS phylogeny of the tribe Malveae
have been included here (see previous chapter). Twenty-seven of the thirty species of
41
Tarasa were included and when possible multiple populations of wide-ranging taxa were
sampled (Table 3.2).
DNA extraction and amplification
Plant (leaf) material used in the molecular analyses was collected in the field and
dried in silica gel (Chase and Hills 1991) or sampled from herbarium specimens.
Alternatively, seeds removed from herbarium specimens or collected in the field were
grown in the greenhouse and fresh leaf material from them was used. Total genomic
DNA was extracted by the “rainforest” method of Scott and Playford (1996) or the
modified CTAB protocol (Doyle and Doyle 1987) of Loockerman and Jansen (1996).
The addition of a phenol extraction aided in obtaining clean DNA from recalcitrant
species (especially from older herbarium specimens). Vouchered DNAs of two species
were generously provided by Mark Chase at Kew Gardens (Tarasa humilis) and John La
Duke at The University of North Dakota (Tarasa cerrateae). Voucher specimens and
their locations are indicated in Table 3.2.
Three non-coding regions were used to reconstruct a chloroplast-based phylogeny
of the combined psbA-trnH spacer, trnT-trnL spacer, and the 3’ intergenic region
between matK and trnK. Primer sequences and their references are listed in Table 3.3.
Two primers (trnH2 and matK-M) were modified from previously published primers
specifically for this project and were based on Gossypium and Tilia sequences for these
regions, respectively. The program Primer3 (Rozen and Skaletsky 1997) aided in primer
design. Because the trnT-trnL region was approximately 1400 bp in length, it was
difficult to amplify for some taxa (especially those extracted from herbarium specimens)
and to sequence reliably the entire fragment. Thus, an internal primer (Table 3.3) was
42
Table 3.2 Vouchers used in molecular analysis, their location and GenBank accession number. An asterisk indicates voucher for chromosome count. A letter designates separate populations sampled.
Species Source/Voucher Locality
Fuertesimalva jacens (S. Watson) P.A. Fryxell Koch and Fryxell 77326 (LL) MEXICO - Mexico - Tenango de AristaFuertesimalva limensis (L.) P. A. Fryxell Tate and Timana 60 (TEX) PERU - Ancash - Yungay Malacothamnus chilensis (Gay) Krapov. Meudt et al. HM-028 (TEX) CHILE - Santiago Modiola caroliniana G. Don Tate and Simmons 50 (TEX) MEXICO - Puebla Modiolastrum lateritium (Hook.) Krapov. Tressens et al. 23-XI-93 (TEX) ARGENTINA - Misiones - Guaraní Monteiroa bullata (Ekman) Krapov. Krapovickas and Cristobal 43703 (TEX) BRASIL - Santa Catarina Nototriche anthemidifolia A. W. Hill Tate et al. 85 (TEX) ARGENTINA - Salta - Santa Victoria Nototriche flabellata A. W. Hill Funk and Bernal H. 11289 (TEX) BOLIVIA - La Paz - Murillo Nototriche pedicularifolia (Meyen) A. W. Hill Tate et al. 102 (TEX) PERU - Arequipa - Arequipa Sphaeralcea angustifolia G. Don Tate et al. 51 (TEX) MEXICO - San Luis Potosi Sphaeralcea cordobensis Krapov. Tate et al. 79 (TEX) ARGENTINA - Cordoba Sphaeralcea crispa Hook. Tate et al. 77 (TEX) ARGENTINA - La Pampa - Caleu CaleuSphaeralcea philippiana Krapov. Tate et al. 71 (TEX) ARGENTINA - Mendoza - Las Heras Sphaeralcea wrightii A. Gray Tate et al. 53 (TEX) MEXICO - Tamaulipas Tarasa albertii Phil. A Böcher et al. 978 (MO) ARGENTINA - Mendoza - Atuel ValleyTarasa albertii Phil. B Tate et al. 74 (TEX) ARGENTINA - Mendoza - Malargüe
43
Table 3.2 continued
Species Source/Voucher Locality Tarasa antofagastana (Phil.) Krapov. A Krapovickas and Cristobal 46656
(TEX) ARGENTINA - Jujuy - Tumbaya
Tarasa antofagastana (Phil.) Krapov. B Tate et al. 92 (TEX) ARGENTINA - Tucumán - Tafí Tarasa antofagastana (Phil.) Krapov. C Tate et al. 66 (TEX) MEXICO - Veracruz Tarasa capitata (Cav.) Bates A Tate and Timana 63 (TEX) PERU - Arequipa - Arequipa Tarasa capitata (Cav.) Bates B Candia 78 (LPB) BOLIVIA - Cochabamba - Quillacollo Tarasa cardenasii Krapov. Nee 44773 (TEX) BOLIVIA – Santa Cruz - Vallegrande Tarasa cerrateae Krapov. Treacy 794 (NY) PERU - Arequipa - Coporaque Tarasa congestiflora (Johnston) Krapov. Ricardi et al. 189A (CONC) CHILE - I Reg. de Tarapaca - Arica Tarasa corrugata Krapov. Tate and Symonds 110 (TEX) PERU - Cuzco - Calca Tarasa geranioides (Cham. et Schl.) Krapov. Rzedowski 31482 (NY) * MEXICO - Hidalgo - Tepeapulco Tarasa heterophylla (Gris.) Krapov. Krapovickas et al. 18830 (LL) BOLIVIA - Tarija - Tarija Tarasa humilis (Gillies ex Hook. et Arn.) Krapov. A Chase 3965 (K) ENGLAND - Kew Gardens Tarasa humilis (Gillies ex Hook. et Arn.) Krapov. B Tate et al. 69 (TEX) CHILE - IX Reg. de Araucania Tarasa latearistata Krapov. Nuñez 637 (MCNS) ARGENTINA - Salta - Cachi Tarasa machupicchensis Krapov. Timana and Tate 3771 (TEX) * PERU - Cuzco - Urubamba Tarasa mandonii (Baker) Kearney A Fortunato et al. 1893 (TEX) BOLIVIA- La Paz Tarasa mandonii (Baker) Kearney B Beck and Seidel 14510 (TEX) * BOLIVIA - Cochabamba - Ayopaya Tarasa marinii Krapov. Tupayachi 986 (MO) PERU - Cuzco - Urubamba
44
Table 3.2 continued
Species Source/Voucher Locality
Tarasa meyeri Krapov. Krapovickas et al. 22022 (F) ARGENTINA - Salta - Cachi Tarasa nototrichoides Krapov. Menhofer X-1093 (LPB) * BOLIVIA - La Paz - F. Tamayo Tarasa odonellii Krapov. Zamora and Quiroga 19 (LPB) BOLIVIA - La Paz - Murillo Tarasa operculata (Cav.) Krapov. A Dillon et al. 4790 (TEX) PERU- Moquegua - Mariscal Nieto Tarasa operculata (Cav.) Krapov. B Tate and Timana 62 (TEX) PERU - Arequipa - Arequipa Tarasa pediculata Krapov. Baumann 234 (CONC) CHILE – II Region – El Loa Tarasa rhombifolia Krapov. Tate and Symonds 109 (TEX) PERU - Cuzco - Urubamba Tarasa spiciformis Krapov. Weberbauer 7512 (F) PERU - Ayacucho - Huanta Tarasa tarapacana (Phil.) Krapov. Krapovickas and Shinini 35752 (CTES) ARGENTINA - Jujuy - Humahuaca Tarasa tenella (Cav.) Krapov. A Krapovickas 47722 (TEX) ARGENTINA - Jujuy - Humahuaca Tarasa tenella (Cav.) Krapov. B Solomon and Moraes 13401 (MO) BOLIVIA - La Paz - Murillo Province Tarasa tenuis Krapov. Aguilar s.n. (TEX) PERU - Puno - Amantani Tarasa thyrsoidea Krapov. A Dillon et al. 3243 (TEX) PERU - Arequipa - Caraveli Tarasa thyrsoidea Krapov. B Tate et al. 107 (TEX) PERU - Arequipa - Caraveli Tarasa trisecta (Gris.) Krapov. Tate et al. 91 (TEX) ARGENTINA - Salta - Cafayate Tarasa urbaniana (Ulbr.) Krapov. Leiva and Leiva 488 (F) PERU - La Libertad - Otuzco Urocarpidium albiflorum Ulbr. Burandt 2340 (F) PERU - Moquegua
45
Table 3.3 List of primers used for PCR amplification and sequencing
Region Primer
name Primer sequence (5'-3') Reference
ITS 7A GAGTCATCAGCTCGCGTTGACTA A. Plovanovich and J. Panero unpublishedITS 1A GGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGG Downie and Katz-Downie 1996 ITS (1) 2b CTC GAT GGA ACA CGG GAT TCT GC Based on Kim and Jansen 1994 ITS (2) 3 GCA TCG ATG AAG AAC GCA GC Kim and Jansen 1994 ITS 4 TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC White et al. 1990 trnT-trnL spacer A CAT TAC AAA TGC GAT GCT CT Taberlet 1991 trnT-trnL spacer B TCT ACC GAT TTC GCC ATA TC Taberlet 1991 trnT-trnL spacer IF GGA ATA CTC GAA CGG This publication trnT-trnL spacer IR CCG TTC GAG TAT TCC This publication psbA-trnH spacer psbA GTT ATG CAT GAA CGT AAT GCT C Sang et al. 1997 psbA-trnH spacer trnH2 CGC GCA TGG TGG ATT CAC AAT CC This publication matK-3' trnK intron matKM TCGACTTTCTGGGCTATC This publication matK-3' trnK intron trnK-2R AACTAGTCGGATGGAGTAG Johnson and Soltis 1994
46
designed in a conserved region approximately 1000 bp from the 5’ end in order to
amplify and sequence this region better. Likewise, some taxa were cloned (TOPO TA
cloning kit, Invitrogen) for this same region when insufficient polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) product was obtained for sequencing. Each chloroplast region was PCR amplified
in a 50 uL cocktail consisting of 1x MasterAmp Tfl PCR buffer (Epicentre), 2.5 µM
MgCl2, 0.8 µM DNTPs, 0.05 µM DMSO, 0.5 unit TFL polymerase (Epicentre) and 0.4
µM forward and reverse primers. After an intitial denaturing step at 95° for 5 minutes
(“hot start”), the reactions were held at 72° while polymerase was added to each reaction.
Amplification of each chloroplast region proceeded at 94° for 3 min, 46-52° for 1 min.,
72° for 1 min., followed by 35 cycles of 94° 1 minute, 46-52° 1 minute, 72° for 45 sec. +
3 sec/cyc. with a final 7-15 minute extension at 72°. Amplification products were
separated on a 1% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide and visualized with UV on
a transilluminator. PCR products were cleaned using Qiagen QIAquick spin columns
following manufacturer’s instructions. Cycle sequencing was performed using Big Dye
terminator chemistry and either the forward or reverse primer. Centri-sep columns were
used to remove residual salts and unincorporated nucleotides from the sequencing
products. Automated sequencing was performed on an ABI 3700 at the DNA Analysis
Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin.
The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 18S-25S nuclear ribosomal
repeat was chosen for nuclear phylogeny reconstruction. Amplification and sequencing
of the ITS region was conducted as for the chloroplast regions. Amplification primers
used were 7A (A. Plovanovich and J. Panero unpublished) and 4 (White et al. 1990) or
for ITS 1 and ITS 2 separately, primers 7A and 2b (Kim and Jansen 1994) and primers 3
(Kim and Jansen 1994) and 4, respectively. Primer sequences are given in Table 3.3.
The ITS region was cloned (TOPO TA cloning kit, Invitrogen) for individuals in which
47
the directly sequenced PCR product contained polymorphic sites, i.e., where two
discernible peaks appeared in the chromatogram. Colonies were screened for inserts
using PCR and among these, 5-10 clones per reaction were selected for sequencing.
Sequence analysis
The boundaries of each target sequence were determined by comparison to
published Gossypium (ITS, psbA-trnH, trnT-trnL) or Tilia (matK-3’trnK) sequences.
BLAST (Altschul et al. 1990) searches in GenBank were conducted to detect potential
contaminant sequences. Where multiple populations or accessions of the same taxon had
identical sequences (for ITS or chloroplast regions), only one sequence was used in the
analyses. Complementary strands were edited using Sequencher (Gene Codes
Corporation 1995). The sequences were aligned using Clustal X (Thompson et al. 1997)
with manual adjustments as needed. Sequence length and GC content were calculated in
MacClade 4.0 (Maddison and Maddison 2000). Pairwise divergence values and base
composition (biased) were assessed using PAUP* (Swofford 2002).
Although the ITS spacers are not protein coding regions, they are still constrained
to maintain a particular secondary structure for proper processing (Baldwin et al. 1995).
Nucleotide substitutions or insertion-deletion events which may alter the expected
secondary structure can be used as evidence of non-functional copies (Buckler and
Holtsford 1996, Mayol and Rosello 2001). Likewise, an excess of observed nucleotide
substitutions (particularly in conserved regions) in copies would indicate that nuclear
repeats exist which are not under selection (Li 1983, Mayol and Rosello 2001).
Therefore, cloned ITS sequences were examined in an attempt to identify non-functional
or divergent paralogues. Sequences were evaluated for angiosperm-conserved regions
within ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 (Liu and Schardl 1994, Hershkovitz and Zimmer 1996,
48
Mayol and Rossello 2001). If cloned sequences contained deviant nucleotide
substitutions in any of these conserved areas and/or if they contained an excess of
nucleotide substitutions overall (relative to the remainder of the data set and/or as
compared to the directly sequenced product), then they were considered to be paralogous
copies and were discarded from further analyses.
The program GeneConv (Sawyer 1999) was used to test for potential
recombination of ITS sequences between taxa (Smith 1999, Posada and Crandall 2001).
The cloned ITS data set was examined using the default settings (returning only
significant global fragments).
Phylogenetic reconstruction
Two data sets (ITS and all chloroplast regions combined) were analyzed
separately under the parsimony optimality criterion of PAUP* v. 4.0b10 (Swofford
2002). The Independent Length Difference Test (ILD) of Farris (1994), which is
implemented in PAUP* as the Partition Homogeneity Test, was first conducted to test for
homogeneity among data partitions. For the chloroplast data set, three partitions were
defined: matK-3’trnK intron, psbA-trnH spacer, and trnT-trnL spacer. A second test
compared each chloroplast region (pairwise). Finally, a test combining ITS and all
chloroplast regions examined two partitions (ITS and all chloroplast regions combined).
Because different numbers of sequences were available for the two data sets, the number
of ITS clones included were trimmed to mirror the species relationships recovered in
initial analyses of the chloroplast phylogeny (thus creating a molecular phylogeny
representative of a maternal lineage). For all ILD tests, 100 replications were performed.
Heuristic searches were employed with TBR branch swapping, ACCTRAN character
optimization and gaps coded as missing.
49
Additional tests were conducted in PAUP* to assess the apparent incongruence of
the chloroplast and ITS phylogenies (reviewed in Mason-Gamer and Kellogg 1996 and
Johnson and Soltis 1998). The compare-2, Templeton, and Kishino-Hasegawa tests were
conducted to test the null hypothesis that the data sets are congruent and that the observed
differences in the phylogenies are due to chance. For all three tests, the strict consensus
tree (either ITS or chloroplast) was designated as the constraint for the rival data set.
Each data set was tested for hierarchical structure by evaluating 10,000 randomly
generated trees and comparing the calculated g1 to critical values (Hillis and
Huelsenbeck 1992). Modiola and Modiolastrum were the designated outgroups in each
analysis. For phylogeny reconstruction under parsimony, an heuristic search was
employed with 1000 random addition replicates, TBR branch swapping, ACCTRAN
character-state optimization and gaps coded as missing (ITS) or recoded as binary
characters (combined chloroplast data matrix). Branch lengths of zero were collapsed.
Support for monophyly of the clades was determined by 100 bootstrap replications
(Felsenstein 1985).
The likelihood ratio test (Goldman 1993, Yang 1996, Huelsenbeck and Rannala
1997) was conducted to determine the model of evolution that best describes each data
set. Likelihood scores were calculated for the most parsimonious trees generated from an
heuristic search (1000 RAR, TBR branch swapping, ACCTRAN optimization in effect,
gaps treated as missing) in PAUP* for five increasingly complex models: Jukes-Cantor,
HKY-85, GTR, GTR+G, and GTR+G+I . Pairwise values [(more complex model - less
complex model)*2] were compared to a Chi square distribution. The best model
(GTR+G+I) as determined by the likelihood ratio test was then used in the constraint
analyses and simulations.
50
Initital phylogenetic analyses resulted in unexpected relationships. In order to test
alternative hypotheses of evolution in Tarasa, parametric bootstrapping (Hillis et al.
1996) was also conducted as follows: 1) all traditionally circumscribed species of Tarasa
were constrained to monophyly, 2) as 1, except excluding T. machupicchensis, T.
mandonii, and T. spiciformis (n=6 group), and 3) all known and suspected Tarasa
tetraploids constrained to monophyly. Chromosome number was inferred for species of
Tarasa lacking direct counts based on habit, geographic distribution, and floral
morphology. All perennials were considered diploid (2n=10) (excluding the n=6 group).
Annuals with a restricted geographic range, petal length greater than 3 mm, and anthers
numbering more than 30 were considered diploid (2n=10). Annuals with a wide
geographic range, petal length less than 3 mm, and anthers fewer than 20 were considered
tetraploid (2n=20). The single “best” constraint tree was then used as the model tree in
SeqGen (Rambaut and Grassly 1997). Zero branch lengths were added to the model tree
(before simulations in SeqGen) using the “Resolve tree” function in TreeEdit (Rambaut
and Charleston 2001). One hundred data sets were simulated in SeqGen (Rambaut and
Grassly 1997) using the model constraint tree and likelihood parameters. Each dataset
was then analyzed in PAUP* (with and without the appropriate constraint) employing
heuristic searches with 500 random addition sequences, TBR branch swapping, and gaps
coded as missing. Tree scores with and without the constraint were compared to the best
empirical unconstrained and constrained phylogenies.
Chromosome counts
Material used to conduct chromosome counts included personal collections, plants
grown from seeds harvested from herbarium specimens, or gifts (Krapovickas).
Permission was obtained from herbaria for judicious removal of seeds from specimens.
51
Seeds were considered mature if "full" and "healthy looking" (not collapsed). Seeds were
soaked in a 10% bleach solution for 10 minutes followed by 10 minutes in sterile water.
After soaking, the seed coats were nicked with a clean razor blade. For each species 3-4
seeds were placed in a petri dish with sterile water. The petri dish was wrapped with
parafilm, and placed in a lighted chamber (85° day/70° night) until germination. Seeds
from herbarium specimens up to 25 years old germinated and produced vigorous
individuals. When seedlings had completely emerged from the seed coats, they were
transplanted to a 2 1/2" plastic pot with a 3:1:1 mix of Scott's Metro Mix 500:fine
sand:coarse granite. The soil was thoroughly moistened and the pots placed in a domed
flat in the same lighted chamber. After the second set of true leaves emerged, the plants
were weaned from the high humidity environment by gradually exposing them to open
air. After several weeks in the 2 1/2" pots, the plants were transplanted to 4" clay pots.
Plants were watered daily to every other day and were given a weekly treatment of
commercial fertilizer.
A young inflorescence was removed from an individual plant and placed in 3:1
(absolute ethanol:glacial acetic acid) for 24 hours. The buds were then transferred to
70% ethanol and kept at 4° C until counts were conducted. A range of buds was
examined for the correct stage of meiosis. The anther mass was teased out of the buds
and placed on a clean microscope slide. A drop of the DNA-binding flourochrome DAPI
(4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) was placed on the slide and the anther mass was
macerated with the blunt end of a glass rod for 2-3 minutes. A cover slip was placed on
top and pressure was applied to spread out the chromosomes. Under UV on an Olympus
BX60 light microscope, a rapid low power scan (at 200x) was first conducted to ensure
that the cells were at the correct stage. Digital images were captured with an Optronics
Magnafire S60800 at high power (1000x).
52
RESULTS
New chromosome counts
Haploid chromosome counts were made for four species of Tarasa and are
included in Table 3.1: Tarasa thyrsoidea n=5, T. geranioides n=10, T. machupicchensis
n=6, T. mandonii n=6.
Chloroplast sequence characteristics
Sequences of the three chloroplast regions (matK-3’trnK, psbA-trnH, trnT-trnL)
were obtained for 27 of the 30 species of Tarasa (multiple populations sampled for 8
species), 5 species of Sphaeralcea, 3 species of Nototriche, 2 species of Fuertesimalva,
and 1 species each of Urocarpidium, Malacothamnus, Modiola, and Modiolastrum (53
sequences in total), except that only a portion of the trnT-trnL intergenic spacer was
sequenced for two species of Tarasa (T. cardenasii and T. congestiflora) and one species
of Nototriche (N. flabellata) (Appendix B). These sequences will be deposited in
GenBank prior to publication. Sequence statistics for each region [only for species of
Tarasa] are given in Table 3.4. The matK-3’trnK region sequenced for species of Tarasa
included approximately 774 base pairs (509 bp of the matK exon and 265 bp of the
intron). This region had the lowest pairwise divergence values (0-2.2% within Tarasa)
but the greatest mean GC content (33.3%) of the three chloroplast regions sequenced.
Variation within the matK-3’trnK region consisted entirely of nucleotide substitutions.
The trnT-trnL intergenic spacer was the longest of the three regions sequenced, varying
from 1261 to 1500 bp. This region had pairwise divergence values ranging from 0-4.4%
(within Tarasa) and a mean GC content of 21.1%. Both nucleotide substitutions and
insertion-deletion events were sources of variation within the trnT-trnL region. A total of
53
Table 3.4 Sequence statistics for species of Tarasa as calculated in MacClade (length and GC content) and PAUP* (pairwise divergence).
Region Length Mean GC content Pairwise divergenceITS 1 287-294 bp 52.9% 0 – 0.095 5.8S 164 bp 54.3% 0 ITS 2 227-229 bp 57.1% 0 – 0.092
matK-3’trnK intron 774 bp 33.3% 0 – 0.022 psbA-trnH spacer 475-545 bp 20.9% 0 – 0.089 trnT-trnL spacer 1261-1500 bp 21.1% 0 – 0.047
ten indels from this region were re-coded as binary characters. The psbA-trnH intergenic
spacer varied from 475 to 545 bp in length within Tarasa. This spacer had the lowest
mean GC content (20.9%), but the greatest pairwise divergence values (0-8.9%) among
the three chloroplast regions sequenced. Variation within the psbA-trnH spacer consisted
of nucleotide substitutions, indels, and a 30 bp inversion which was excluded from the
phylogenetic analyses (see below). Three insertion-deletion events were re-coded as
binary characters.
The aligned data matrix of the three chloroplast regions contained 3331 base
pairs. The majority of the sequence variation among taxa was in the form of nucleotide
substitutions, although a total of 13 (3 in psbA-trnH and 10 in trnT-trnL) insertion-
deletion (indels) events were coded as binary characters. A 30 bp perfect (no internal
nucleotide substitutions) inversion in the psbA-trnH spacer was omitted from the
analyses as it was found to occur homoplastically (as determined by mapping of the
inversion onto the phylogeny). No significant biases in base composition were detected
in the chloroplast data set (Table 3.5). The calculated g1 value for 10,000 randomly
generated trees using the chloroplast data matrix was –1.0705 [critical g1 values for 25
54
Table 3.5 Test for base composition bias of analyzed sequences (for entire data set including outgroups). Values given are mean base frequency, degrees of freedom (df), and P value (a value greater than 0.05 indicates that there is not a significant difference among the taxa in the data set).
Region A C G T df P ITS 0.17504 0.29006 0.27989 0.25501 153 1.00
matK-3’trnK intron 0.32057 0.13570 0.19728 0.34644 126 1.00 psbA-trnH spacer 0.36859 0.07962 0.12893 0.42286 126 1.00 trnT-trnL spacer 0.41458 0.09909 0.11440 0.37193 126 0.12
Table 3.6 Results from the Independent Length Difference (ILD) Test (Farris 1994) for the molecular regions sequenced (ITS, matK-3’trnK intron, psbA-trnH spacer, and trnT-trnL spacer). Data partitions were defined in PAUP* and tested for homogeneity. The null hypothesis (that the data partitions are homogenous) was rejected at the 0.05 level.
Comparison P Reject the null?
matK-psbA-trnT 0.02 Yes matK-psbA 0.20 No psbA-trnT 0.27 No matK-trnT 0.03 Yes
ITS-all chloroplast regions 0.01 Yes
taxa and 250 variable characters are -0.09 (p=0.01), -0.08 (p=0.05)] (Hillis and
Huelsenbeck 1992).
The results of the ILD test for both the nuclear and chloroplast regions are
compiled in Table 3.6. The null hypothesis (that the data partitions were homogenous)
could not be rejected only for the matK-psbA (p=0.20) and psbA-trnT comparison
(p=0.27). The remaining analyses detected significant heterogeneity between the data
55
partitions (matK-psbA-trnT, p=0.02; matK-trnT, p=0.03; ITS-all chloroplast, p=0.01).
Although significant heterogeneity was detected in the three chloroplast regions, when
analyzed separately each region did not produce radically conflicting phylogenies.
Therefore, the three regions were combined for phylogenetic analyses. The ITS and
chloroplast data sets were analyzed separately.
The results for the three topological incongruence tests (Compare-2, Templeton
test, and Kishino-Hasegawa test) are compiled in Table 3.8. The null hypothesis for the
Compare-2 test (that the difference in tree lengths is what would be expected from
random data) could not be rejected (p=0.18). The Templeton and Kishino-Hasegawa
tests rejected the null hypothesis (that the data fit either tree equally well) of the ITS data
fitting as well as the chloroplast data onto the chloroplast phylogeny, p<0.0001 for both
tests. However, the null could not be rejected for both tests when the chloroplast data
was constrained to fit the ITS phylogeny (p=0.8236 and p=0.7946, respectively).
Chloroplast phylogeny reconstruction
Under parsimony, 238 characters in the combined chloroplast matrix were
informative (gaps coded as binary characters), 2775 characters were constant and 287
were variable but not parsimony-informative. The matK-trnK intron contributed 31
parsimony informative characters, the psbA-trnH spacer contained 64, and the trnT-trnL
intergenic region had 157 parsimony informative characters. An heuristic search as
previously described resulted in 15 most parsimonious trees of 619 steps. The
consistency index (CI) excluding uninformative characters was 0.713, the retention index
(RI) was 0.873, and the rescaled consistency index (RC) was 0.734. Figure 3.2 is one of
the 15 most parsimonious trees (with the best likelihood score) and Figure 3.3 is the strict
consensus of these 15 trees.
56
For the chloroplast data set, constraining all traditionally circumscribed Tarasa
species to monophyly resulted in a single most parsimonious (MP) tree of length 675
(Table 3.7). Excluding Tarasa mandonii, T. machupicchensis, and T. spiciformis from
this constraint yielded 18 MP trees of length 639. Finally, constraining the tetraploid
species of Tarasa to form a monophyletic clade resulted in 2 MP trees of length 648. The
log likelihood scores for the best unconstrained tree was -8221.76602; the scores for the
three constraints were -8477.16295, -8321.25021, and -8368.71974, respectively. Each
chloroplast-based constraint tree was rejected as statistically different from the empirical
tree (p<0.001).
57
Figure 3.2 One of 15 most parsimonious trees based on chloroplast sequence data (length=619, CI=0.713, RI=0.873, RC=0.735). Branch lengths are given above the branches. Dashed branches collapse in the strict consensus. Diploid (2n=10) perennial species of Tarasa are shown in blue, diploid annual species are shown in red, and tetraploid annuals are shown in green. The 2n=12 group is shown in orange. An asterisk following a taxon name indicates inferred ploidy level (see page 50 for details). Letters following taxon names indicate a separate population sampled.
58
Figure 3.3 Strict consensus of 15 most parsimonious trees based on chloroplast sequence data. Bootstrap support (above 50) for 100 replicates is shown below the branches. Diploid (2n=10) perennial species of Tarasa are shown in blue, diploid annual species are shown in red, and tetraploid annuals are shown in green. The 2n=12 group is shown in orange. An asterisk following a taxon name indicates inferred ploidy level (see page 50 for details). Letters following taxon names indicate a separate population sampled.
59
Table 3.7 Results from constraint analyses using parametric bootstrapping on the ITS and chloroplast data sets. The first constraint forced all traditionally circumscribed Tarasa to monophyly; the second constraint was as the first but excluded the n=6 group of Tarasa machupicchensis, T. mandonii, and T. spiciformis; the third constraint forced monophyly of all tetraploids (chromosome number known and inferred based on morphology and geography – see text for details). The empirical tree length differences (=constrained-unconstrained) were compared to a distribution of tree length differences generated from 100 simulated data sets. The null hypothesis (that the constraint tree is the true tree) was rejected when the observed tree length difference was greater than 95% of the simulated tree length differences. *For the chloroplast unconstrained tree, gaps were coded as missing.
Dataset Description No constraints All Tarasa Tarasa (exceptn=6 group)
All tetraploids (known and suspected)
Chloroplast Tree length 619* 675 639 648 Number MP trees 2 1 18 2 Reject the null? Yes (p<0.001) Yes (p<0.001) Yes (p<0.001) Likelihood score of
best tree -8221.76602 -8477.16295 -8321.25021 -8368.71974
ITS Tree length 348 374 362 366 Number MP trees 7 10 82 26 Reject the null? Yes (p<0.001) Yes (p<0.001) Yes (p<0.001) Likelihood score of
best tree -3148.67849 -3231.85298 -3178.10681 -3241.67284
60
Table 3.8 Results of three incongruence tests as conducted in PAUP*. All tests compared the strict consensus of the most parsimonious ITS trees and the strict consensus of the most parsimonious chloroplast trees. The null hypothesis that the data fit either tree equally well was rejected at the 0.05 level.
Test Data set Constraint P
Compare-2 test Chloroplast ITS strict consensus tree 0.13 Templeton test ITS Chloroplast strict consensus tree <0.0001 Chloroplast ITS strict consensus tree 0.8236 Kishino-Hasegawa ITS Chloroplast strict consensus tree <0.0001 Chloroplast ITS strict consensus tree 0.7946
ITS sequence characteristics
ITS sequences (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2) were obtained for the previously mentioned
taxa (Appendix C). Amplification of the ITS region yielded a single product in each case
as revealed by gel electrophoresis. No intraspecific ITS variation was evident for the
following taxa: Tarasa albertii, T. capitata, T. humilis, T. operculata, T. tenella, and T.
thyrsoidea. The three populations of Tarasa antofagastana surveyed for this study
possessed differing ITS sequences and, therefore, all were retained for the phylogenetic
analyses. Variation within the ITS region consisted of nucleotide substitutions and small
indels (1-4 bp in length). Sequence statistics for species of Tarasa are compiled in Table
3.4. Within Tarasa, ITS1 sequence length varied from 286-294 base pairs and ITS2
from 227-229 bp. The 5.8S was invariable in length within Tarasa and the outgroups at
164 bp. Mean GC content in ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 were 52.9%, 54.3%, and 57.1%,
respectively. Pairwise divergence values between species of Tarasa were 0-9.5% for
ITS1, 0% for 5.8S, and 0-9.2% for ITS2. The data set (including outgroups) was not
61
found to contain significantly biased base composition among the taxa (p=1.00) (Table
3.5). The calculated g1 value for 10,000 randomly generated trees from ITS data matrix
was –0.508 [critical g1 value for 25 taxa and 100 variable characters = -0.12 (p=0.01), -
0.10 (p=0.05)] (Hillis and Huelsenbeck 1992).
Seventeen taxa of Tarasa contained polymorphic sites (nucleotide positions in
which 2 or more peaks were apparent in the chromatogram) in the directly sequenced ITS
products, while twelve Tarasa taxa did not contain any polymorphisms in the ITS region.
Polymorphic sites were present in diploid annuals and perennials as well as many
tetraploid annual species. Conspecific individuals typically had the same number of
polymorphic sites, although they varied as to position in the alignment (e.g., as in Tarasa
operculata and Tarasa thyrsoidea). The three South American species of Sphaeralcea
included in this study all contained polymorphisms in the ITS, while the two North
American species had homogenous repeats. Two of the three Nototriche species
sequenced contained polymorphisms in this region.
After analyzing the cloned ITS sequences for changes in conserved regions,
several sequences were discarded. The observed changes included nucleotide
substitutions or single base-pair deletions in the angiosperm-conserved regions of ITS1
and ITS2, and the 5.8S (Liu and Schardl 1994, Hershkovitz and Zimmer 1996, Buckler
and Holtsford 1996, Mayol and Rosselló 2001). Nucleotide substitutions were usually
from G→A or C→T. In some cases, cloned sequences contained nucleotide substitutions
that were not apparent in the original, directly sequenced products. These sequences
were also removed before phylogenetic analyses were conducted. Typically, sequences
with deviations in one conserved region also had excess changes in the other regions.
After initial phylogenetic analyses were conducted, if clones from the same individual
clustered together in the ITS phylogeny, then only a single clone was retained for the
62
remaining analyses (e.g., T. marinii, T. meyeri, T. rhombifolia, T. tenella, T. tenuis, T.
urbaniana). Therefore, in most cases, from the 5-10 clones sequenced for each
individual only two were considered functional copies (although three sequences were
retained for Tarasa geranioides).
No recombination events were apparent (i.e., no significant global fragments were
detected) among the ITS sequences as determined by GeneConv (Sawyer 1999).
ITS phylogeny reconstruction
The aligned length of the ITS region was 703 characters: 516 characters were
constant, 59 were parsimony uninformative, and 128 were parsimony informative. The
ITS 1 region was the most variable with 75 parsimony informative characters, while ITS
2 contained 51 and the 5.8S had only 2. Parsimony searches as described above
recovered 7 most parsimonious (MP) trees of 348 steps, with a consistency index
(excluding uninformative characters) of 0.608, a retention index of 0.836, and a rescaled
consistency index of 0.568. Figure 3.4 is one of these MP trees (with the best likelihood
score) and Figure 3.5 is the strict consensus.
Table 3.7 compares the results from the unconstrained and constrained
phylogenetic analyses. Constraining all traditionally circumscribed Tarasa to monophyly
resulted in 10 most parsimonious (MP) trees of length 374. Excluding Tarasa mandonii,
T. machupicchensis, and T. spiciformis from this constraint yielded 82 MP trees of 362
steps. Finally, constraining the known and suspected tetraploid species of Tarasa to a
monophyletic clade resulted in 26 MP trees of length 366. The log likelihood score for
the best unconstrained tree was -3148.67849, while the scores for the three constraints
were -3231.85298, -3178.10681, and -3241.67284, respectively. For all three tests, the
null hypothesis (that the constraint tree was the true tree) was rejected (p<0.001).
63
Figure 3.4 One of 7 most parsimonious trees based on ITS sequence data (length=348, CI=0.6084, RI=0.8360, RC=0.5677). Branch lengths are shown above the branches. Dashed branches collapse in the strict consensus. Diploid (2n=10) perennial species of Tarasa are shown in blue, diploid annual species are shown in red, and tetraploid annuals are shown in green. The 2n=12 group is shown in orange. An asterisk following a taxon name indicates inferred ploidy level (see page 50 for details). Letters following taxon names indicate a separate population sampled; a number following the name indicates clone number.
64
Figure 3.5 Strict consensus of 7 most parsimonious trees based on ITS sequence data. Bootstrap support (above 50) for 100 replicates is shown below the branches. Diploid (2n=10) perennial species of Tarasa are shown in blue, diploid annual species are shown in red, and tetraploid annuals are shown in green. The 2n=12 group is shown in orange. An asterisk following a taxon name indicates inferred ploidy level (see page 50 for details). Letters following taxon names indicate a separate population sampled; a number following the name indicates clone number.
65
DISCUSSION
Taxon sampling
Regrettably, each of the three species of Tarasa lacking from the phylogenetic
study are known only from their type specimens and were not found during the two
collecting trips made to South America. The type localities of Tarasa reichei and Tarasa
umbellata in southern Chile were discovered to be converted to pine and eucalyptus
plantations (pers. obs.). The type of Tarasa martiniana, the third species not sampled,
was collected in northern Chile in mid-March 1968. During the ultimate collecting trip to
South America, we collected in that region in early February 2000. As the summer rains
were delayed that year and the species is an annual, it is likely that we were merely too
early to collect it.
Urocarpidium albiflorum is not a Tarasa
Both the ITS and chloroplast phylogenies support the placement of Urocarpidium
albiflorum with species of Fuertesimalva and not with Tarasa, as proposed by Fryxell
(1996). The presence of a prominent apical awn on the mericarps of U. albiflorum and
species of Tarasa is a convergent morphological character. Tarasa species and
Urocarpidium albiflorum/Fuertesimalva species are markedly different in other
morphological characteristics, most notably mericarp pubescence (stellate pubescent in
the former and glabrous in the latter) and calyx and leaf pubescence (stellate stipitate in
Tarasa and hirsute in U. albiflorum/Fuertesimalva species). It is uncertain if
Urocarpidium merits recognition as a monotypic genus sister to Fuertesimalva. Further
phylogenetic investigation of the Fuertesimalva species is warranted.
66
Chloroplast phylogeny
As previously discussed in Chapter 2, Tarasa was found not to be monophyletic
in the ITS phylogeny of the tribe Malveae, a finding which is corroborated by the
chloroplast-based phylogeny (Figures 3.2 and 3.3). The n=6 group composed of Tarasa
machupicchensis, T. mandonii, T. spiciformis, and Malacothamnus chilensis is placed
basal to the clade containing the other species of Tarasa, as well as Nototriche and
Sphaeralcea. As the n=6 group possesses both a distinct chromosome number and
overall morphology, a new genus will be created to accommodate these species (Tate in
prep).
Even with the removal of the n=6 group, Tarasa remains a non-monophyletic
assemblage. Interestingly, in the chloroplast phylogeny (Figures 3.2 and 3.3), several
Argentinian species of Tarasa cluster with the South American species of Sphaeralcea.
Two of these Tarasa species, T. albertii and T. humilis, most closely resemble
Sphaeralcea in terms of morphology and geographic distribution. In South America,
Sphaeralcea is restricted to Chile and Argentina at elevations up to 3000 m. Although
not currently sympatric (both Tarasa species are found at higher elevations in the Andes
than Sphaeralcea species), these two species occupy the southern-most range of the
genus (Figure 3.1). The other taxa belonging to this “southern” clade in the chloroplast
phylogeny are Tarasa trisecta (a diploid annual) from northwestern Argentina and
Tarasa tenuis (a tetraploid annual) from southern Peru. These two species are sister taxa
in both the ITS and chloroplast phylogeny, which may account for the anomalous
placement of a Peruvian taxon in an otherwise Argentinian clade. In any case, it appears
that these lineages have experienced gene flow at some time in Argentina through a
maternal parent.
67
The monophyly of Tarasa is further violated by the placement of Nototriche in
the chloroplast phylogeny. In the strict consensus (Figure 3.3), Nototriche forms a well-
supported clade as part of a larger clade containing Tarasa rhombifolia (perennial from
Cuzco, Peru), T. marinii (annual from Cuzco, Peru), T. congestiflora (annual from
Arequipa, Peru), and T. pediculata (annual from northern Chile). Because primarily
Peruvian taxa appear to be most closely related to Nototriche (in both the nuclear and
chloroplast trees), Peru could have been an important center of gene flow and/or
speciation among these taxa. The three perennial species of Nototriche included were
from varying geographic regions (Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru). Unfortunately, no
annual species of Nototriche were available for this study; these may prove essential for
further unraveling the relationship between these two high elevation genera. The species
of Tarasa that share with Nototriche the unusual morphological feature of fused stipules,
petiole, and peduncle are T. marinii, T. nototrichoides, T. odonellii, and T. urbaniana. As
these four species do not form a monophyletic clade, this character appears to have arisen
multiple times.
One of the most surprising results from phylogeny reconstruction was the non-
monophyly of the tetraploid species. This outcome was unexpected, particularly because
of their unusual and shared morphological features of white or lilac flowers, petals 1-3
(rarely 6-7) mm in length, fewer than 20 anthers, and highly lobed leaves. The
phylogeny suggests that the tetraploids have been formed multiple times with recurrent
evolution toward a similar morphology. The results of the parametric bootstrapping
(constraint #3) in particular lend support to this conclusion. The chloroplast sequence
data have been somewhat informative as to the potential maternal parent (or lineage) of
the Tarasa tetraploids (Table 3.9). For example, the tetraploid Tarasa antofagastana was
placed near to Tarasa meyeri (diploid annual) and Tarasa latearistata (suspected diploid
68
annual) in the phylogeny. The sequences for these species are strikingly similar,
especially when one considers that almost 3 kb of the chloroplast was sequenced. This
result suggests that Tarasa antofagastana is a recent polyploid. Surprisingly, the three
populations of Tarasa antofagastana sampled did not cluster together in the chloroplast
phylogeny. The closest population geographically (T. antofagastanaB from Tucuman,
Argentina) to the diploid annuals was the most closely related to it and, in fact, that
population was identical to Tarasa meyeri for the three chloroplast regions sequenced.
The other two populations (Mexico and Jujuy, Argentina) sampled have apparently
accumulated only 1 or 2 more nucleotide substitutions, respectively. Based on the
chloroplast phylogeny results, Tarasa trisecta is a potential parent of Tarasa tenuis, as is
Tarasa cardenasii a potential parent of T. odonellii. The pattern of diploid parent-
tetraploid derivative is not as clear for the other Tarasa tetraploid species, however. If
we assume that the most closely related diploid species in the chloroplast phylogeny is
the maternal parent for the tetraploid of interest (Brochmann et al. 1996, Ge et al. 1999,
Popp and Oxelman 2001), then the same diploid taxon would be implicated for the origin
of different tetraploids (Table 3.9). An allopolyploid origin for the tetraploids is
strengthened if the geographic distribution of the diploids is also considered (Figure 3.1).
Table 3.10 indicates the geographic areas where the diploids (perennials and annuals) are
sympatric (based on mapping of herbarium specimens). The data indicate that in several
localities (particularly in southern Bolivia and adjacent Argentina) different diploids are
sympatric, which may have provided the opportunity for gene exchange. Unfortunately,
however, crossing data is not currently available for these species.
69
Table 3.9 Hypothesized relationships for tetraploid species of Tarasa (chromosomally known and inferred) based on nuclear (paternal parent) and chloroplast (maternal) phylogeny reconstructions. An asterisk indicates a tetraploid for which the chromosome number was inferred. Hypotheses are based on the most closely related diploid species to the tetraploid in each phylogeny.
Tetraploid species Chloroplast phylogeny ITS phylogeny T. antofagastana T. meyeri (diploid annual) T. heterophylla (diploid annual) T. cerrateae T. capitata (diploid perennial) T. cardenasii (diploid annual) T. congestiflora* T. rhombifolia (diploid? perennial) T. rhombifolia (diploid? perennial)T. corrugata* T. cardenasii (diploid annual) T. cardenasii (diploid annual) T. geranioides T. cardenasii (diploid annual) T. latearistata (diploid? annual) T. marinii* T. rhombifolia (diploid? perennial) T. rhombifolia (diploid? perennial)T. nototrichoides * T. meyeri (diploid annual) ? T. odonellii T. cardenasii (diploid annual) ? T. pediculata* T. rhombifolia (diploid? perennial) T. cardenasii (diploid annual) T. tarapacana T. capitata (diploid perennial) T. cardenasii (diploid annual) T. tenella T. meyeri (diploid annual) ? T. tenuis T. trisecta (diploid annual) T. trisecta (diploid annual) T. urbaniana T. capitata (diploid perennial) T. cardenasii (diploid annual)
70
The placement of the diploid perennial Tarasa capitata within a clade of annual
diploids and tetraploids was surprising since the majority of the diploid perennial species
occupy more basal positions in the Tarasa clade. This species is widespread along the
eastern Cordillera of the Andes from Peru to Argentina and may be a taxon from which
the diploid annuals were ultimately derived. An evolutionary trend from perennial to
annual habit is common in many groups (Grant 1981), although reversals to a perennial
habit have been documented (e.g., Barrett et al. 1996). Given the relatively large number
of autapomorphies on the Tarasa capitata branch in the chloroplast phylogeny (Figure
3.2), this taxon is likely much older than the diploid or tetraploid annuals.
ITS phylogeny
In the ITS phylogeny (Figures 3.4 and 3.5), the n=6 group forms a well-supported
clade basal to Nototriche, Sphaeralcea, and the remaining species of Tarasa.
Sphaeralcea forms a monophyletic clade separate from the remaining species of Tarasa.
However, the next branch in the ITS tree contains Tarasa albertii and T. humilis. On the
basis of morphology, these two species are clearly sister taxa and are distinct from other
species of Tarasa as well as Sphaeralcea.
Inspection of the seven most parsimonious ITS phylogenies reveals a single
nucleotide substitution which places various species of Tarasa sister to a strongly
supported Nototriche clade. These species include Tarasa tenuis and Tarasa trisecta
(sister taxa as previously mentioned), Tarasa marinii (annual) and Tarasa rhombifolia
(perennial) both from eastern Peru (Cuzco), and Tarasa congestiflora (annual) from
southern Peru (Arequipa). In the strict consensus of the ITS trees (Figure 3.5), the
species of Nototriche are a monophyletic group in an otherwise unresolved clade
71
Table 3.10 Areas of sympatry between diploid species of Tarasa that are potential tetraploid parents (see Table 3.9). Perennial species are indicated by an asterisk. n/a indicates no apparent areas of overlap in geographic distribution based on mapping of 1400 herbarium specimen localities.
Tarasa
capitata* Tarasa
cardenasii Tarasa
heterophylla Tarasa
latearistata Tarasa meyeri
Tarasa trisecta
Tarasa rhombifolia*
Tarasa capitata* -- N. Bolivia S. Bolivia NW Argentina
S. Bolivia NW Argentina
S. Bolivia NW Argentina
C Argentina (Cordoba)
NW Argentina
Cuzco, Peru
Tarasa cardenasii -- S. Bolivia S. Bolivia S. Bolivia n/a n/a Tarasa heterophylla -- S. Bolivia S. Bolivia n/a n/a Tarasa latearistata -- S. Bolivia
NW Argentinan/a n/a
Tarasa meyeri -- NW Argentina
n/a
Tarasa trisecta -- n/a Tarasa rhombifolia* --
72
containing most species of Tarasa. Again, additional sampling from Nototriche would
likely aid in determining the origins of this unusual genus.
One of the most notable features of the ITS phylogeny is the fact that ITS clones
from the same individual do not cluster together. For example, the two diploid perennials
Tarasa operculata and Tarasa thyrsoidea have ITS copies which are more closely related
to each other (paralogs) than to ITS copies from the same species (orthologs). Tarasa
operculata is found along the coast from central Peru to northern Chile at elevations
between 1000-3000 m, while Tarasa thyrsoidea is endemic to a few coastal lomas in
Peru (elevation <500 m). The two species are often mistaken for one another, but differ
in several morphological characters. The former has conspicuous stipules and bracteoles
several mm in length and white flowers with purple nectar guides densely arranged in
axillary cymes, while the latter has vestigial stipules and reduced “papery” bracteoles and
lavender flowers ‘spread out’ along the axis of the cyme. The pattern recovered in the
ITS phylogeny for these two species is a classic example of gene divergence predating
speciation (Li 1997). As such, one of the pairs of sequences represents a paralogous copy
of the ITS. Further molecular analysis of the nuclear ribosomal repeats would be needed
to determine which is the dominant copy.
A more complicated scenario exists for the tetraploid species, however. The
presence of multiple ITS types (and polymorphisms in the directly sequenced products)
indicates that hybridization and/or allopolyploidization events have occurred. Given the
low sequence diversity among the species (0-5.6%) and the relatively young geological
area that the species inhabit (the high Andes), these events have most likely been recent.
Concerted evolution is expected to homogenize repeats belonging to gene families
(Zimmer et al. 1980). However, this process may fail to homogenize the nuclear
ribosomal repeats when 1) hybridization (or allopolyploidization) is recent, 2) when the
73
parents of the hybrid have repeats located at different loci and interlocus concerted
evolution fails, or 3) when a hybrid is asexual (Baldwin et al. 1995, Sang et al. 1995,
O’Kane, Jr. et al. 1996, Fuertes Aguilar et al. 1999). In the case of Tarasa, not all
tetraploids possess multiple ITS copies (e.g., Tarasa antofagastana A, T. congestiflora,
T. corrugata, T. nototrichoides, T. odonellii, T. pediculata). Presumably, these taxa
either have ITS repeats which are already homogenized or they are autotetraploids.
Given the contrasting species relationships which are recovered in the nuclear and
chloroplast phylogenies, the former seems a more plausible explanation. For the taxa
which still possess multiple, seemingly functional, ITS types (e.g., Tarasa antofagastana
B and C, T. cerrateae, T. geranioides, T. latearistata, T. tarapacana), concerted
evolution has failed or has not had sufficient time to homogenize the repeats. The
placement of the Tarasa antofagastana B and C population clones appears logical as they
cluster with conspecific clones (albeit from separate populations) or with geographically
proximal taxa (T. antofagastanaC2 from Mexico with T. geranioides1 also from
Mexico). The two cloned sequences from Tarasa cerrateae are members of the same
clade, which might indicate that concerted evolution is currently working to homogenize
the copies. Tarasa geranioides is the only species for which three presumably functional
ITS clones were recovered. Each of these three sequences maintain the conserved
regions in ITS1 and ITS2, as well as the 5.8S. One copy (T. geranioides1) clusters with
Tarasa antofagastanaC2 with which it is geographically close. Another copy (T.
geranioides2) clusters with Tarasa odonellii, a closely related taxon in the chloroplast
phylogeny, and the third copy is sister to Tarasa latearistata1 (a suspected diploid). The
latter taxon is the only diploid (chromosome number inferred based on morphology) with
multiple ITS types that did not cluster together in the phylogeny. The second copy (T.
latearistata2) is sister to Tarasa meyeri, to which it is closely related in the chloroplast
74
phylogeny. Although morphology would indicate that this species is diploid, it could
very well be a hybrid or an allopolyploid. Tarasa tarapacana, a known tetraploid,
similarly did not have clones that clustered together. One copy (T. tarapacana1) is
placed in a clade with several other tetraploids and the diploid Tarasa meyeri, while the
other copy (T. tarapacana2) is placed in a clade consisting only of tetraploids.
As a biparentally inherited marker, one would expect that recent hybrids or
allopolyploids would possess two ITS types and that their phylogenetic placement would
indicate parental origins (i.e., one copy would cluster with the maternal parent and the
other copy with the paternal parent). Likewise, when nuclear and chloroplast
phylogenies are incongruent, hybrid or polyploid origins may be inferred from the
biparental and maternal trees, respectively (Kim and Jansen 1994, Wendel and Doyle
1998). In this group of species, however, the data seem to indicate that each diploid
species (particularly the annuals) may have been repeatedly involved in the formation of
a different tetraploid. For example, Tarasa meyeri is a potential maternal parent of the
tetraploid Tarasa antofagastana (Table 3.9) based on the chloroplast sequence data. In
the nuclear ITS phylogeny, the most closely related diploid is Tarasa heterophylla, which
fruit morphology would also support as a parent. In that same ITS clade, however, are
other tetraploids (e.g., T. cerrateae, T. geranioides) which may also have been derived
from T. heterophylla (or T. latearistata). Further support to this hypothesis is given by
the current geographic distribution of the diploid species. In multiple locations,
particularly in northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia, different diploid annuals are
sympatric. Since the tetraploids occupy a much wider geographic range than the
diploids, the molecular data seem to be more informative as to parental origins than is the
current geographic distribution. Complicating matters further is the observation that the
Tarasa tetraploids are morphologically more similar to each other than they are to the
75
diploid species. Consequently, they do not display the classic pattern of morphological
intermediacy between parental species. Again, although the origins for all of the
tetraploid species are still not definitively known, the molecular data has revealed the
extensive reticulate evolution that has occurred within this group.
Hypothesis testing and incongruent phylogenies
Because unexpected phylogenetic results arose from the chloroplast and ITS data
sets, statistical tests to assess the reliability of the hypotheses were conducted.
Parametric bootstrapping was performed to test alternative a priori hypotheses of
monophyly for Tarasa as currently circumscribed, Tarasa without the n=6 group, and the
tetraploids forming a monophyletic clade. For both the chloroplast and ITS data sets, and
for each constraint, the results were highly significant (p<0.001) that the recovered trees
consisting of the non-monophyletic groups are reliable (Table 3.7), thus strengthening the
conclusions drawn from these phylogenetic estimates.
Additional tests to evaluate the seemingly incongruent chloroplast and ITS trees
were also conducted (Table 3.8). The compare-2 results indicate that the difference in the
chloroplast and ITS topologies is no greater than expected by chance. The results of the
Templeton and Kishino-Hasegawa tests indicate that the chloroplast data fit onto the ITS
phylogeny as well as the ITS data, but that the reverse case is not true (the ITS data do
not fit onto the chloroplast tree). This asymmetry indicates that some evolutionary
process has produced these topologies (Doyle 1992, Wendel and Doyle 1998). Given the
accumulated geographical, morphological, and cytological information, reticulation
seems to have been a major factor in shaping the evolution of these species.
76
Recovering the organismal phylogeny: Gene trees versus species trees
When using molecular sequence data to reconstruct phylogenies, it is important to
remember that the resulting hypothesis of relationships reflects the history of the DNA
molecule (or more precisely, the particular region of the molecule utilized) and not
necessarily the history of the organisms under study (Doyle 1992). Certain evolutionary
processes, such as lineage sorting, hybridization/introgression, and gene duplication may
obscure true species relationships (Doyle 1992, Rieseberg and Wendel 1993, Wendel and
Doyle 1998). Current methods of phylogenetic reconstruction enforce bifurcating trees
and, as a result, reticulate events may not be apparent without supportive evidence.
Concerted evolution may also distort species relationships, as was found in Gossypium
(Wendel et al. 1995). The Gossypium allotetraploids have ITS sequences which have
been homogenized toward one parental copy or the other. As a result, the ITS phylogeny
was not concordant with known species relationships based on other data (Wendel et al.
1995). Thus, caution must be exercised when interpreting molecular phylogenies. In
particular, when seeking explanations for incongruent trees (from multiple data sources)
or unexpected phylogenetic results, an approach which considers geography,
morphology, and cytology is necessary.
In the case of Tarasa, the molecular phylogenies interpreted along with
morphological and geographical data indicate a complex evolutionary history which has
involved repeated allopolyploidization. The seemingly recent evolution of these species
may have been associated with the final uplift of the Andean Cordillera during the
Pleistocene. As evidence, the most basal lineages of the genus are occupied by lower
elevation species and the most derived positions are occupied by the highest elevation
species (including Nototriche which is only found above 4000 m). The current
geographic distribution of the diploid annual species indicates that northwestern
77
Argentina and Bolivia have been areas of sympatry where allopolyploidization events
may have occurred. The phylogenetic, geographic, and morphological data point to
recurrent encounters among these species which have resulted in these unusual polyploid
species.
78
Chapter 4: Multiple origins of polyploidy and breeding system evolution in Tarasa (Malvaceae)
ABSTRACT
A previous molecular phylogenetic investigation of the genus Tarasa Philippi
(Malvaceae) revealed multiple origins of polyploidy and morphological convergence of
the tetraploid species. Breeding systems for diploid and tetraploid species were inferred
using pollen/ovule (p/o) ratios and/or measured directly in greenhouse grown plants. The
diploid perennial species exhibited the highest p/o ratios (xenogamous), followed by the
diploid annuals (xenogamous to facultatively xenogamous), and the tetraploid annuals
with the lowest p/o ratios (autogamous or facultatively xenogamous). The tetraploid
annuals had a significantly lower p/o ratio than the diploid annuals and perennials when
all taxa were considered. None of the diploid perennial species grown in the greenhouse
were self-compatible, whereas all of the tetraploid annuals were autogamous. Only one
diploid annual was available for study in the greenhouse, and it produced self-seed
although the resulting progeny were weak (likely the result of inbreeding depression).
Not only do the tetraploid species have fewer anthers per flower, but they also produce
fewer pollen grains per anther as compared to both the diploid annuals and perennials.
Pollen diameters (as measured under light microscopy) of the tetraploids were also
compared to the diploid species. Contrary to a central tenet of polyploidy, the tetraploid
species of Tarasa have significantly smaller pollen grains than both the diploid annuals
and perennials. This size difference also contradicts Cruden’s (1977) finding of a
negative correlation between pollen/ovule ratio and pollen size. When all species of
Tarasa are considered, the overall correlation between these two variables is also
79
positive. The tetraploid species of Tarasa occupy the highest elevation habitats in the
Andes. Their unusual and shared morphology was likely influenced by adaptations to the
harsh high altitude habitats, a reduction in pollinators at such altitudes, and adaptations
that accompany an autogamous breeding system.
INTRODUCTION
Following polyploidization, many plant taxa undergo alterations in morphological
and reproductive features. Likewise polyploidy is often correlated with habit and habitat.
Table 4.1 lists the characters most often associated with polyploidy and compares them to
the tetraploid species of the genus Tarasa (Malvaceae). For example, polyploids often
occupy a wider geographic range than their diploid relatives and are frequently found in
disturbed or marginal habitats (Ehrendorfer 1980). Polyploidy is common at high
latitudes and altitudes (Löve and Löve 1949, Diers 1961, Löve and Löve 1974, Stebbins
1984) and in previously glaciated areas, particularly those affected by the advance and
retreat cycles during the Pleistocene (Ehrendorfer 1980). Many polyploids are perennial
in habit, which may confer the ability to delay reproductive efforts in the absence of a
suitable mate (Stebbins 1940). Similarly, a breakdown of self-incompatibility
Table 4.1 Typical attributes of polyploid taxa as compared to Tarasa polyploids
POLYPLOID FEATURES TARASA TETRAPLOIDS
Occupy marginal or disturbed habitats over a greater area
Occupy highest elevations in the Andes in disturbed habitats
Perennial habit Annual habit Self-compatible → Autogamous Autogamous
Larger cell size compared to diploids (pollen and guard cells)
Smaller cell size compared to diploids (pollen, fide Tressens 1970)
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mechanisms often accompanies polyploidization (Stebbins 1950, 1957, Levin 1983,
Richards 1997, Soltis and Soltis 2000, Rosquist 2001, but see Cook and Soltis 1999).
Because chromosome doubling is expected to increase cell size, polyploids should have
larger cells (as exemplified by pollen grains and guard cells) than their diploid relatives
(Stebbins 1940, 1950). As Table 4.1 outlines, the tetraploid species of Tarasa contradict
two of the main dogmas associated with polyploids: they are annuals and several species
possess smaller pollen grains than the diploids (Tressens 1970). Polyploids often also
display a myriad of other phenotypic and physiological differences relative to their
progenitors including changes in enzyme phenotype, hormone levels, secondary
chemistry, and meiotic/mitotic rates (Stebbins 1950, Tal 1980, Levin 1983, Ramsey and
Schemske 1998, Otto and Whitton 2000).
A molecular phylogenetic analysis of Tarasa (Malvaceae) and related genera
revealed that the tetraploid species have been formed multiple times (Chapter 3). The
polyphyly of the tetraploids was particularly unexpected because of their strikingly
similar and unusual morphologies. Typically, Tarasa tetraploids are sprawling to erect
annuals (up to 0.5 m in height) with white or pale lavender colored flowers, petals 1-3
mm in length, 5-20 anthers, and highly lobed leaves. Conversely, the diploid species are
easily distinguished from one another. They are annuals (up to 1 m) or perennials (up to
1.5 m) typically with lavender or magenta colored flowers, petals 5-10 mm in length,
anthers numbering 30-100, and shallowly divided leaves. Molecular and geographic data
indicate that the polyploids are most likely the result of hybridization (followed by
polyploidization) between various sympatric diploid annual species. Although previous
phylogenetic investigations have demonstrated that multiple origins are common for a
particular polyploid species (Doyle et al. 1990, Brochmann et al. 1992, Wallace and
Jansen 1995, Cook et al. 1998, Doyle et al. 1999, Segraves et al. 1999, Soltis and Soltis
81
1999, Sharbel and Mitchell-Olds 2001), multiple occurrences in Tarasa are particularly
interesting due to the recurring evolution of several morphological features.
The unusual and shared morphology of the Tarasa tetraploids is therefore
apparently the result of convergent evolution and not a reflection of common ancestry.
One explanation for the recurrent morphological similarity of the tetraploids could be a
switch from outcrossing to autogamy in the high elevation habitats that the tetraploids
occupy. Pollen/ovule (p/o) ratios have traditionally been used as an indicator of the
relative degree of outcrossing versus selfing in plants (Cruden 1977). In many unrelated
plant taxa, pollen/ovule ratios have been shown to be negatively correlated with self-
fertilization, pollen size, and the ratio of the stigmatic area to the pollen-bearing area on
the pollinator (Cruden 1977, Cruden 2000, Cruden and Miller-Ward 1981). The two
main objectives for this study were to 1) infer breeding system indirectly from
pollen/ovule ratios and directly from greenhouse studies and 2) examine pollen size and
morphology for the diploid and tetraploid species to determine if pollen size relationships
hold across all polyploids and if a correlation exists with breeding system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Pollen/Ovule ratios
To determine pollen grains per flower, the most mature, unopened bud on an
inflorescence was removed from a selected herbarium specimen (Table 4.2 lists the
vouchers). When possible, two or more individuals from separate populations were
sampled to account for geographic variability. For each individual, the numbers of
anthers and styles in a single flower were recorded. The total number of pollen grains in
an anther was directly counted for three anthers per flower. Because the time to anther
maturity varies along the staminal column, one anther was selected from each of the top,
82
middle, and bottom of the column. Each anther was macerated in 10 µL of lactophenol-
aniline blue (Kearns and Inouye 1993) in a 0.5 µL “PCR” tube and then vortexed for 30
seconds. The pollen/lactophenol mixture was placed on a microscope slide and all grains
in that anther were counted at 200x magnification on a Leitz microscope. In the case that
the anthers had dehisced before the bud opened, the occurrence was noted and a younger
bud was selected from the same specimen.
To calculate P/O ratios, the number of grains per anther was averaged for the
three anthers. The mean number of grains per anther was then multiplied by the total
number of anthers in that flower. The total number of grains was then divided by the
number of styles because in Tarasa the carpels are uniovulate and equal to the number of
styles. Pollen/ovule ratios were also log transformed in order to compare them to
Cruden’s (1977) extensive breeding system data set.
Chromosome number was inferred for species of Tarasa for which direct counts
were not available. All perennial species were considered to be diploid (2n=10), except
Tarasa spiciformis which is considered 2n=12 on the basis of similar morphology to
Tarasa machupicchensis and T. mandonii (both 2n=12). Annuals with magenta or purple
petals longer than 3 mm, anthers numbering more than 30, and a restricted geographic
distribution were considered diploid (2n=10). Annuals with white or pale lavender
flowers, petal length less than 3 mm, anthers fewer than 30, and a wide geographic
distribution were assumed to be tetraploid (2n=20).
For statistical analyses, species of Tarasa were grouped according to ploidy level
or habit and ploidy level. Single-factor ANOVA was conducted to test for significance
of mean anther number, mean number of grains per anther, and mean pollen/ovule ratio.
For each category, two groups were evaluated: only species with known chromosome
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Table 4.2 Vouchers used in pollen/ovule ratio analysis
Species Voucher and location Tarasa albertii Bartlett 19452 (US) Tarasa albertii Tate et al. 74 (TEX) Tarasa antofagastana Tate et al. 66 (TEX) Tarasa antofagastana Pisano & Venturelli 1945 (SGO) Tarasa antofagastana Krapovickas & Shinini 30755 (F) Tarasa antofagastana Semper 433 (NY) Tarasa antofagastana Tate et al. 92 (TEX) Tarasa capitata Tate et al. 63 (TEX) Tarasa capitata Lewis 35295 (MO) Tarasa capitata Cabrera 22629 (CTES) Tarasa cardenasii Ehrich 462 (US) Tarasa cardenasii Nee 44773 (NY) Tarasa cerrateae Chanco 40 (TEX) Tarasa cerrateae Chanco 29 (TEX) Tarasa congestiflora Pennell 13168 (NY) Tarasa congestiflora Arroyo 84-578A (CONC) Tarasa corrugata Nunez 7485 (MO) Tarasa corrugata Tate et al. 110 (TEX) Tarasa geranioides Hinton et al. 8326 (LL) Tarasa heterophylla Bastion 863 (US) Tarasa heterophylla Kiesling 3731 (MO) Tarasa humilis Ruiz Leal 24662 (CTES) Tarasa humilis Tate et al. 69 (TEX) Tarasa latearistata Fiebrig 3096 (US) Tarasa machupicchensis Timana & Tate 3771 (TEX) Tarasa machupicchensis Chavez Alfaro 3453 (MO) Tarasa mandonii Fortunato et al. 1893 (F) Tarasa mandonii Luteyn & Dorr 13790 (TEX) Tarasa mandonii Cardenas 3112 (US) Tarasa marinii Vargas 5067 (CAS) Tarasa meyeri Krapovickas et al. 22021 (GH) Tarasa meyeri Krapovickas & Seijo 47841 (TEX) Tarasa nototrichoides Feuerer 10570 (CTES)
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Table 4.2 continued
Species Voucher and location Tarasa nototrichoides Franken 338 (LPB) Tarasa odonellii Krapovickas 22029 (CTES) Tarasa odonellii Pierotti 1038 (NY) Tarasa operculata Tate & Timana 62 (TEX) Tarasa operculata Tate et al. 95 (TEX) Tarasa pediculata Teillier 4103 (SGO) Tarasa pediculata Belmonte 97052 (CONC) Tarasa rhombifolia Tate et al. 109 (TEX) Tarasa spiciformis Stock & Horton s.n. (F) Tarasa tarapacana Matthei & Rodriguez 258 (CONC) Tarasa tarapacana Venturi 8733 (US) Tarasa tarapacana Tate et al. 80 (TEX) Tarasa tenella Krapovickas & Seijo 47838 (TEX) Tarasa tenella Matthei & Rodriguez 219 (CONC) Tarasa tenuis Lopez 5546 (CTES) Tarasa tenuis Vargas 9263 (MO) Tarasa thyrsoidea Ferreyra 5553 (TEX) Tarasa thyrsoidea Tate et al. 107 (TEX) Tarasa trisecta Tate et al. 91 (TEX) Tarasa trisecta Venturi 4302 (US) Tarasa urbaniana Leiva & Leiva 488 (TEX) Tarasa urbaniana Krach 8410 (NY)
number and all species with chromosome number known and inferred. Two post-hoc
ANOVA tests were also performed: Fisher’s PLSD (a less stringent test) and
Bonferroni/Dunn (a more conservative test).
Self-compatibility in greenhouse grown plants
Plants were grown in the greenhouse at The University of Texas at Austin from
seed collected in the field or sampled from herbarium specimens. Among the species
studied were five diploid perennials (Tarasa albertii, T. capitata, T. humilis, T.
operculata, and T. thyrsoidea), one diploid annual (Tarasa trisecta), and six tetraploid
85
annuals (Tarasa antofagastana, T. geranioides, T. odonellii, T. tarapacana, T. tenella, T.
urbaniana). Plants were allowed to self pollinate without any mechanical manipulation.
If the plants did not produce selfed seeds, the flowers were manually pollinated with self
and outcross pollen (in this case from plants from the same parent). Diploid flowers were
emasculated before the bud opened, but attempts to emasculate buds of some tetraploids
proved unsuccessful as the minute flowers were extremely sensitive to disturbance (the
flowers did not mature/open after handling). The number of fully mature seeds per
schizocarp was counted for fifty fruits on a single plant. Mean seed set was calculated as
the proportion of mature seeds produced relative to the total possible.
Pollen characteristics
The same individuals used for pollen/ovule ratios were examined for several
pollen morphological characteristics (Table 4.2). The traditional acetolysis method
(Erdtman 1960) for preparing pollen proved too harsh for Tarasa grains, as was
bleaching in a weak (10%) solution for a short period of time. Instead, the grains were
washed for 15 minutes in 800 µL acetone to remove any residual pollenkitt. After the
grains settled to the bottom of the tube, the acetone was decanted and the grains allowed
to air-dry overnight. Pollen grains were stored in 80% ethanol until studied.
A drop of pollen/ethanol mixture was placed on a slide and the ethanol allowed to
evaporate. The grains were mounted in glycerin jelly with acid fuschin stain (Kearns and
Inouye 1993). Slides were rendered permanent by sealing the edge of the cover slip with
clear fingernail polish.
Using light microscopy, twenty-five grains per individual were evaluated for
shape, size, aperture number, and other gross morphological features. The measurements
of the grains excluded the spines and were recorded for both polar and equatorial
86
diameters. Pollen diameter measurements (polar axis) were used to calculate surface area
and these data were plotted against log pollen/ovule ratio (Cruden 1977, Cruden and
Miller-Ward 1981). A subset of taxa was selected for a scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) study to represent the morphological diversity among the species. SEM
preparation consisted of placing a droplet of pollen/ethanol suspension on a conductive
carbon tab (EM Sciences) mounted on an SEM stub and allowing the ethanol to
evaporate (at 60º C) . The samples were sputter coated on a Ladd Benchtop Sputter
Coater with 60/40 Ag/Pd target at 2.5 kV (20mA) for 75 seconds (coating thickness of 15
nm). Grains were examined on a Philips 515 scanning electron microscope at 13 kV,
bias set to 2, spot size of 40 nm, and a working distance of 30 mm (tilt approximately
15º). Digital images were captured with a SEMICAPS 2000 system and exported as tif
files.
RESULTS
Pollen/ovule ratios
A total of 80 individuals representing 27 of the 30 species of Tarasa were
evaluated for pollen/ovule ratios. The three species not sampled are only known from the
type specimens and no other specimens were available for study. Table 4.3 summarizes
the mean number of anthers, mean number of pollen grains per anther, mean number of
ovules, and mean pollen/ovule ratio for each species studied. Graphical representations
of each of these factors are shown in Figures 4.1-4.3. Table 4.4 compiles the mean and
standard deviations for anther number, number of grains per anther, and P/O ratio for the
ploidy level and habit categories. The results of the ANOVA are also given in Table 4.4
for these categories. ANOVA detected significant differences for mean anther number,
mean number of grains per anther, and mean pollen/ovule ratio for the category of ploidy
87
level as well as when ploidy level and habit were considered (P<0.0001 in each case).
Table 4.5 gives the results from the post-hoc ANOVA Fisher’s PLSD and
Bonferroni/Dunn tests.
Mean anther number per flower varied greatly between the 2n=20 tetraploid (5-
20) and the 2n=10 diploid (24-102) species (Table 4.3). For chromosome number both
known and inferred, the difference in anther number was significant under both Fisher’s
PLSD and Bonferroni/Dunn between diploid (2n=10) annuals and perennials (p=0.0032,
and p=0.0022, chromosome number known and inferred, respectively), diploid annuals
and tetraploids (p=0.0039 and p=0.0004, respectively), and diploid perennials and
tetraploids (p<0.0001 for both categories).
Mean number of grains per anther was not significantly different between diploid
annuals and diploid perennials. When the chromosomally known diploid annuals and
tetraploid annuals were compared, the differences were significant under Fisher’s PLSD
only (p=0.0117). When all taxa were included, the mean number of grains per anther was
significantly different under both tests (p=0.0005). The diploid perennials and tetraploid
annuals significantly differed in number of grains per anther in both categories for both
tests (p=0.0002 chromosomally known, p<0.0001 all taxa).
For mean pollen/ovule ratio, a significant difference was detected between the
diploid annuals and perennials only under Fisher’s PLSD test: p=0.0349 and p=0.0434
for chromosome number known and inferred, respectively. When p/o ratios were
compared between the diploid annuals and the tetraploids, a significant difference was
found only when all taxa were considered and only under Fisher’s PLSD (p=0.0123).
When only the chromosomally known taxa were tested, the difference was not significant
under either test (p=0.0511). However, a significant difference was detected between the
88
Table 4.3. Results of pollen/ovule ratio analysis for species of Tarasa. An asterisk indicates inferred chromosome number on the basis of morphology and geographic distribution (see text for explanation). Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) are given for number of grains per anther, number of anthers per flower, and number of ovules per flower. Breeding system was determined by comparing the empirical log p/o ratios to values reported by Cruden (1977) (X = xenogamy, FX = facultative xenogamy, FA = facultative autogamy, and OA = obligate autogamy) – see text for details.
Species Individuals
sampled
2n Habit Flower color
Petal Length (mm)
Number of grains/anther
Number of anthers/flower
Number of
ovules/flower
Mean P/O ratio
Log P/O ratio
Breeding system
T. cardenasii 2 10 Annual Lilac 2-3 143.50 (8.25) 24 (2) 10 (1) 337.23 2.53 FX T. heterophylla 2 10 Annual Lilac 5-7 305.33 (60.81) 38 (2) 9 (1) 1272.22 3.10 X T. latearistata 1 10 Annual Lilac 7-8 348.00 40 10 1392.00 3.14 X T. meyeri 2 10 Annual Lilac 8-10 258.17 (5.42) 30 (0) 12 (1) 673.48 2.83 FX T. trisecta 2 10 Annual Lilac 5-7 382.50 (20.03) 60 (0) 9 (1) 2086.36 3.32 X T. albertii 2 10 Perennial Magenta 10-15 309.83 (47.85) 55 (4) 10 (0) 1704.08 3.23 X T. capitata 3 10 Perennial Lilac 5-15 350.00 (111.66) 47 (13) 13 (3) 1265.38 3.10 X T. humilis 2 10 Perennial Magenta 8-10 322.50 (18.15) 69 (2) 12 (0) 1840.94 3.27 X T. operculata 2 10 Perennial White 8-10 376.17 (156.27) 76 (8) 11 (1) 2722.73 3.44 X T. rhombifolia* 1 10 Perennial Lilac 9-10 265.33 40 10 1061.33 3.03 X T. thyrsoidea 2 10 Perennial Lilac 10 441.50 (20.98) 102 (9) 13 (1) 3584.98 3.55 X T. machupicchensis 2 12 Perennial Rose-pink 12-15 275.67 (19.80) 72 (5) 9 (3) 2190.02 3.65 X T. mandonii 3 12 Perennial Rose-pink 20-30 510.33 (62.49) 67 (7) 8 (1) 4459.87 3.30 X T. spiciformis* 1 12 Perennial Rose-pink 10-15 330.00 60 10 1980.00 3.34 X T. antofagastana 5 20 Annual White 3-4 102.20 (43.29) 15 (4) 10 (2) 155.43 2.19 OA
89
Table 4.3 continued
Species Individualssampled
2n Habit Flowercolor
Petal Length (mm)
Number of grains/anther
Number of anthers/flower
Number of
ovules/flower
Mean P/O ratio
Log P/O ratio
Breeding system
T. cerrateae 2 20 Annual White 1.5-2 159.00 (37.24) 10 (0) 10 (3) 159.00 2.20 OA T. congestiflora* 2 20 Annual White 2.5-3 70.50 (14.38) 10 (0) 8 (0) 88.13 1.95 OA T. corrugata* 2 20 Annual Pink 2.5-3 123.83 (69.53) 17 (5) 7 (1) 291.89 2.47 FA/FX T. geranioides 1 20 Annual White 1.5-2 32.00 5 9 17.78 1.25 OA T. marinii* 1 20 Annual White 6-7 245.67 20 8 614.17 2.79 FA/FX T. nototrichoides 2 20 Annual White 1-2 227.33 (51.38) 5 (0) 9 (1) 126.30 2.10 OA T. odonellii 2 20 Annual White 2-3 59.50 (9.19) 5 (0) 10 (2) 31.32 1.50 OA T. pediculata* 2 20 Annual White 2-3 62.50 (6.84) 10 (1) 9 (1) 69.85 1.84 OA T. tarapacana 3 20 Annual White 1.5-2 136.33 (37.55) 9 (1) 8 (0) 159.06 2.20 OA T. tenella 2 20 Annual White 1.5-2 110.17 (47.38) 8 (4) 10 (1) 86.97 1.94 OA T. tenuis 2 20 Annual Lilac 6-7 198.83 (100.17) 19 (5) 8 (1) 490.46 2.69 FA/FX T. urbaniana 2 20 Annual White 1.5-2 92.50 (86.03) 7 (3) 8 (1) 86.33 1.94 OA
90
diploid perennials and tetraploid annuals for both categories and under both post-hoc tests
(p=0.0002 for chromosomally known, p<0.0001 for all taxa).
According to Cruden (1977), a log transformed pollen/ovule score of 3.59-3.71
indicates xenogamy, 2.76-2.86 indicates facultative xenogamy, 2.09-2.21 indicates
facultative autogamy, and a score of 1.38-2.21 indicates obligate autogamy. The scores
for Tarasa suggest that the diploid annuals (log p/o 2.53-3.32) are facultatively
xenogamous to xenogamous, the diploid perennials (log p/o 3.03-3.55) are xenogamous,
and the tetraploid annuals (log p/o 1.25-2.79) are obligately autogamous, facultatively
autogamous, or facultatively xenogamous.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2n=20 Annuals 2n=10 Annuals 2n=10 Perennials 2n=12 Perennials
Chromosome number and habit
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
ant
hers
per
flow
er
Figure 4.1 Histogram of mean number of anthers per flower for all species of Tarasa analyzed.
91
0
100
200
300
400
500
2n=20 Annuals 2n=10 Annuals 2n=10 Perennials 2n=12 Perennials
Chromosome number and habit
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of g
rain
s pe
r ant
her
Figure 4.2 Histogram depicting mean number of grains per anther for all species of Tarasa analyzed.
0500
1000
1500200025003000
350040004500
2n=20Annuals
2n=10Annuals
2n=10Perennials
2n=12Perennials
Chromosome number and habit
Mea
n po
llen/
ovul
e ra
tio
Figure 4.3 Histogram of mean pollen/ovule ratio for all species of Tarasa analyzed.
92
Table 4.4 Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) of anther number per flower, number of grains per anther, and pollen/ovule ratio for ploidy level and habit categories in Tarasa (see Table 4.3 for details). Significance levels as detected by ANOVA are also given for these categories.
Category Mean anther numberper flower
Mean number of grainsper anther
Mean P/O ratio Log P/O ratio
ALL TAXA 2n=10 annuals 38 (14) 287.500 (93.005) 1152.258 (677.848) 3.06 2n=10 perennials 65 (23) 344.222 (60.656) 2029.907 (955.277) 3.31 2n=12 perennials 66 (6) 372.000 (122.839) 2876.630 (1375.141) 3.46 2n=20 annuals 11 (5) 124.643 ( 66.695) 182.822 (179.837) 2.26 ANOVA Ploidy level F=30.012 ,P<0.0001 F=24.012, P<0.0001 F=22.241, P<0.0001 Ploidy level and habit F=32.957, P<0.0001 F=16.819, P<0.0001 F=18.557, P<0.0001 KNOWN PLOIDY LEVEL ONLY 2n=10 annuals 38 (16) 272.375 (100.040) 1092.323 (767.261) 3.04 2n=10 perennials 70 (21) 360.000 (52.266) 2223.622 (926.958) 3.35 2n=12 perennials 70 (4) 393.000 (165.930) 3324.945 (1605.026) 3.52 2n=20 annuals 10 (5) 111.316 (53.416) 148.294 (149.129) 2.17 ANOVA Ploidy level F=17.926, P<0.0001 F=18.076, P<0.0001 F= 15.071, P=0.0002 Ploidy level and habit F=24.490, P<0.0001 F=14.441, P=0.0001 F=14.588, P=0.0001
93
Table 4.5 P-values for mean anther number per flower, number of grains per anther, and P/O ratio as determined by Fisher’s PLSD and Bonferroni/Dunn post hoc ANOVA for diploid (2n=10 only shown) and tetraploid (2n=20) species of Tarasa. Calculated P values were the same for each test. Significant differences are indicated as follows: * indicates a p-value significant under Fisher’s PLSD at the 0.05 level, ** indicates a p-value significant under Bonferroni/Dunn at the 0.05 level, *** indicates significant difference under both tests (0.05 level).
Comparison Anther number
per flower
Number of grains
per anther
P/O ratio
ALL TAXA diploid annuals, diploid perennials P=0.0022*** P=0.2364 P=0.0434* diploid annuals, tetraploid annuals P=0.0004*** P=0.0005*** P=0.0123* diploid perennials, tetraploid annuals
P<0.0001*** P<0.0001*** P<0.0001***
KNOWN PLOIDY LEVEL ONLY diploid annuals, diploid perennials P=0.0032*** P=0.1271 P=0.0349* diploid annuals, tetraploid annuals P=0.0039*** P=0.0117* P=0.0511 diploid perennials, tetraploid annuals
P<0.0001*** P=0.0002*** P=0.0002***
Self seed set
Table 4.6 summarizes the results from self seed set for species of Tarasa grown in
the greenhouse. None of the diploid perennial species (Tarasa albertii, T. capitata, T.
humilis, T. operculata, and T. thyrsoidea) were found to be self-compatible. The
tetraploid annuals were all autogamous, but to varying degrees as represented by mean
seed set (0.53-0.87).
94
Table 4.6 Self seed set in greenhouse grown individuals of Tarasa. Plants were grown in the greenhouse at The University of Texas at Austin. The number of fully mature seeds per schizocarp was counted for fifty schizocarps on a single plant. Autogamous seed set is the proportion of mature seeds produced to the number of carpels present. Standard deviations are given in parentheses. An asterisk indicates an inferred chromosome number on the basis of morphology and geographic distribution (see text for details).
Species 2n Habit Autogamous seed set
Tarasa trisecta 10 Annual 0.42 (0.20) Tarasa machupicchensis 12 Perennial 0.71 (0.25) Tarasa antofagastana 20 Annual 0.70 (0.23) Tarasa geranioides 20 Annual 0.75 (0.20) Tarasa nototrichoides* 20 Annual 0.53 (0.23) Tarasa odonellii 20 Annual 0.66 (0.24) Tarasa tarapacana 20 Annual 0.87 (0.14) Tarasa tenella 20 Annual 0.85 (0.20) Tarasa urbaniana 20 Annual 0.63 (0.26)
Species 2n Habit Seed set from manual self-pollinations
Tarasa albertii 10 Perennial 0 Tarasa capitata 10 Perennial 0 Tarasa humilis 10 Perennial 0 Tarasa operculata 10 Perennial 0 Tarasa thyrsoidea 10 Perennial 0
Pollen characteristics
Table 4.7 lists the results of pollen characterization utilizing light microscopy.
All grains within Tarasa were spherical to sub-spherical in shape with dimorphic spines.
The larger spines are positioned on basal cushions, both of which are variable in size
between the species (Figure 4.4). The small spines are scattered between the larger
95
Table 4.7 Results of pollen measurements utilizing light microscopy. Twenty-five grains were measured per individual; when possible 2 or more individuals were sampled to represent a species. An asterisk inidicates an inferred chromosome number based on morphology and geographic distribution (see text for details). Values given are the mean and standard deviation for the polar and equatorial axis, and the approximate number of apertures.
Species 2n Habit Polar axis (µm)
Equatorial axis (µm)
Number of apertures
T. cardenasii 10 Annual 41.55 (0.01) 44.73 (1.51) ~6 T. heterophylla 10 Annual 36.15 (0.64) 39.04 (0.27) ~7 T. latearistata 10 Annual 38.88 (2.01) 40.89 (1.76) 4 T. meyeri 10 Annual 40.22 (1.21) 42.88 (1.01) 4 T. trisecta 10 Annual 38.43 (1.03) 41.91 (2.70) 3-4 T. albertii 10 Perennial 37.93 (0.24) 40.65 (1.27) 3-4 T. capitata 10 Perennial 39.90 (1.61) 42.13 (2.18) ~5 T. humilis 10 Perennial 39.61 (0.97) 42.96 (1.00) 3-4 T. operculata 10 Perennial 42.49 (4.52) 45.21 (4.21) 3-4 T. rhombifolia* 10 Perennial 38.15 (2.21) 40.67 (2.00) ~5 T. thyrsoidea 10 Perennial 39.12 (6.44) 41.65 (7.52) 3-4 T. machupicchensis 12 Perennial 40.19 (3.10) 43.37 (3.51) 3-4 T. mandonii 12 Perennial 39.90 (1.67) 43.13 (2.85) 3-4 T. spiciformis* 12 Perennial 33.31 (2.11) 36.00 3-4 T. antofagastana 20 Annual 38.57 (1.20) 40.76 (1.78) 6-8 T. cerrateae 20 Annual 34.34 (1.67) 37.16 (2.67) ~6 T. congestiflora* 20 Annual 32.99 (1.07) 36.30 (0.83) 4-5 T. corrugata* 20 Annual 38.06 (0.43) 40.17 (1.37) ~6 T. geranioides 20 Annual 35.26 (1.58) 38.88 (2.06) ~8 T. marinii* 20 Annual 40.08 (1.32) 44.00 (2.83) ~6 T. nototrichoides 20 Annual 32.44 (2.88) 36.52 (1.95) ~6 T. odonellii 20 Annual 35.16 (2.10) 38.42 (2.49) ~8 T. pediculata* 20 Annual 34.46 (5.32) 37.11 (5.11) ~6 T. tarapacana 20 Annual 37.99 (0.50) 40.51 (0.06) ~6 T. tenella 20 Annual 35.43 (0.04) 38.66 (0.09) ~8 T. tenuis 20 Annual 37.98 (2.80) 40.81 (3.27) ~6 T. urbaniana 20 Annual 37.73 (3.01) 40.34 (3.60) 8
96
Figure 4.4 Scanning electron micrographs of pollen grains for 6 species of Tarasa (Malvaceae) demonstrating variation in grain size and spine size and morphology. Magnification and scale bars are given in the lower right corner of each panel. Panels A-C: Tetraploid annual species, panels D-E: Diploid perennials, panel F: Diploid annual.
97
Table 4.8 Means and standard deviations for pollen grain size (polar and equatorial diameters) for species of Tarasa studied. P values from ANOVA are given for the categories of ploidy level and ploidy level and habit for all taxa (chromosome number inferred) or chromosomally known taxa only.
Mean polar diameter (µm)
Mean equatorial diameter (µm)
ALL TAXA Diploid annual 39.046 (2.027) 41.890 (2.131) Diploid perennial 39.533 (1.645) 42.212 (1.714) Tetraploid annual 36.192 (2.351) 39.203 (2.182) ANOVA Ploidy level F= 5.479, P=0.0110 F= 4.699, P=0.0190 Ploidy level and habit F= 3.558, P=0.0300 F= 3.026, P=0.0501 KNOWN ONLY Diploid annual 39.087 (2.339) 42.140 (2.375) Diploid perennial 39.810 (1.676) 42.520 (1.720) Tetraploid annual 36.557 (1.662) 39.442 (1.349) ANOVA Ploidy level F= 7.157, P=0.0060 F=8.611 , P=0.0029 Ploidy level and habit F= 4.707, P=0.0165 F= 5.462, P=0.0097
spines and are barely visible with the light microscope. Figure 4.4 illustrates the gross
morphological differences among some of the species. Differences in aperture (all
colporate) number were also apparent (Table 4.7), although the precise number was at
times difficult to assess since the apertures also seem to vary in size. When the number
of apertures was 3-4, the colpi were equatorially distributed on the grain. Pollen with 5
or more apertures present had the colpi spirally arranged around the grain.
Pollen sizes were variable both within and between species of Tarasa (Table 4.7).
Within a species, the pollen grain size typically varied only a few micrometers, with a
few exceptions (e.g., Tarasa thyrsoidea and T. pediculata). The mean polar diameter
98
ranged in the diploid (2n=10) annual taxa from 36.15-41.55 µm, the diploid perennials
from 37.93-42.49 µm, and the tetraploid annual species from 32.44-40.08 µm. Figure 4.5
is a histogram of the mean pollen diameter (polar axis) for these three categories.
Significant differences were detected by ANOVA for mean pollen grain size (both polar
and equatorial diameters) for the ploidy level and ploidy level and habit categories (Table
4.8). These values were significant when all taxa were considered (e.g., ploidy level:
polar diameter P=0.0110, equatorial diameter P=0.0190), as well as when only the
chromosomally known taxa were included (e.g., ploidy level: polar diameter P=0.0060;
equatorial diameter P=0.0029).
Post-hoc ANOVA tests revealed significant differences between some of the
categories (Table 4.9). When chromosomally known and all taxa were evaluated,
Fisher’s PLSD detected significant difference between diploid annuals and tetraploid
annuals for polar diameter (p=0.0339 known, p=0.0301 all taxa) and equatorial diameter
(p=0.0183, known and p=0.0390 all). A significant difference was detected under
Fisher’s PLSD between the diploid perennials and the tetraploids for polar diameter
(p=0.0057 known, p=0.0083 all taxa) and equatorial diameter (p=0.0054 known,
p=0.0155 all). Bonferroni/Dunn returned a significant difference only for the difference
between diploid perennials and the tetraploids for the chromosomally known only
category (p=0.0057 polar diameter, p=0.0054 equatorial diameter).
Figure 4.6 depicts the relationship between log surface area (pollen size) and log
pollen/ovule ratio for the species of Tarasa studied. Correlation coefficients for the
tetraploids, diploid annuals, and diploid perennials were 0.6224, -0.6031, and 0.2454,
respectively.
99
Table 4.9 Significance levels for mean pollen diameter (polar axis) as determined by Fisher’s PLSD and Bonferroni/Dunn post hoc ANOVA for diploid (2n=10 only shown) and tetraploid (2n=20) species of Tarasa. Calculated P values were the same for each test. Significant differences are indicated as follows: * indicates a p-value significant under Fisher’s PLSD at the 0.05 level, ** indicates a p-value significant under Bonferroni/Dunn at the 0.05 level, *** indicates significant difference under both tests (0.05 level).
Comparison Mean polar
diameter Mean equatorial
diameter ALL TAXA diploid annuals, diploid perennials P=0.7347 P=0.8218 diploid annuals, tetraploid annuals P=0.0301* P=0.0390* diploid perennials, tetraploid annuals P=0.0083* P=0.0155* KNOWN PLOIDY LEVEL ONLY diploid annuals, diploid perennials P=0.5521 P=0.7382 diploid annuals, tetraploid annuals P=0.0339* P=0.0183* diploid perennials, tetraploid annuals P=0.0057*** P=0.0054***
30
35
40
45
2n=10 annuals 2n=10 perennials 2n=20 annuals
Ploidy level and habit
Mea
n po
llen
(pol
ar)
dia
met
er (µ
m)
Figure 4.5 Histogram of mean pollen diameter (polar axis) in micrometers for the categories of diploid annual, diploid perennial, and tetraploid annual.
100
Figure 4.6 Relationship between surface area of pollen grain (polar axis) and pollen/ovule ratio for species of Tarasa studied (see Table 4.3). Tetraploid annual species are shown in red, diploid annuals in light blue, and diploid perennials in dark blue. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) for the tetraploids, diploid annuals, and diploid perennials are 0.519, -0.698, and 0.296, respectively.
DISCUSSION
A shift in breeding system follows polyploidization in Tarasa
Following polyploidization, a shift from an outcrossing to a selfing breeding
system has been empirically shown in many taxa (Stebbins 1950, Grant 1981, Levin
1983, Richards 1997, Ramsey and Schemske 1998, but see Cook and Soltis 1999). The
tetraploid species of Tarasa follow this expectation and have each independently evolved
a morphology typical of autogamous plants yet atypical for polyploids. This shift to
101
autogamy in Tarasa has repeatedly involved an overall reduction in floral morphology
that includes smaller petals, fewer anthers per flower, and fewer grains produced by each
anther (Tables 4.4 and 4.5). Consequently, the difference in pollen/ovule ratios between
the diploids and tetraploids is striking (Figure 4.3). The best phylogenetic estimate for
the species indicates that the tetraploids were formed multiple times (Chapter 3) and were
likely derived from hybridization events between different pairs of diploid annuals. The
diploid annuals possess floral morphologies that appear to promote outcrossing (Table
4.3), including relatively large lavender petals (> 5 mm) with nectar guides, many
anthers, and the stigmas exserted several millimeters beyond the anther mass. The
pollen/ovule ratios indicate that the diploid annuals may be facultatively xenogamous
(Table 4.3 and 4.4). They do appear to possess “leaky” self-incompatibility (only
represented by one species in the greenhouse), although apparently with the consequence
of inbreeding depression. Polyploidy is expected to buffer the effects of deleterious
alleles arising from inbreeding (Stebbins 1957, Charlesworth and Charlesworth 1987,
1995). Not surprisingly, the tetraploids do not appear as susceptible to inbreeding
depression as the diploid annuals, since vigorous individuals were grown from
autogamous seed (data not shown). Considered together, the phylogenetic and
reproductive data indicate that the “selfing” tetraploid morphology has recurrently
evolved from predominantly outcrossing diploids. In the evolutionary history of the
Tarasa species, a shift from a perennial to an annual habit likely occurred first and was
followed by increased self-compatibility in the diploid annuals. After the formation of
the tetraploid species, autogamy then became the predominate breeding system and those
morphological features typical of autogamous taxa (inconspicuous flowers, few anthers
and few grains produced per anther) evolved. Other phylogenetically based studies have
documented the rather labile nature of plant breeding systems (reviewed in Weller and
102
Sakai 1999). For example, a few other studies have detected multiple origins of selfing
within a genus, particularly in Eichhornia (Barrett 1995) and Gilia (Barrett et al. 1996).
However, the tetraploid species of Tarasa represent a particularly interesting case due to
the extensive nature of their convergent morphology and because they do not fit the
archetypal polyploid pattern.
Plants found at high elevations are typically smaller in stature and floral features
than plants growing at lower elevation (Clausen et al. 1940). The reduction in floral
features in Tarasa tetraploids is not surprising in this regard but the size difference
between diploids and tetraploids is maintained in the greenhouse. Many factors have
likely contributed to the evolution of this unusual and recurring floral form exhibited by
the tetraploid species of Tarasa [inconspicuous white or lavender flowers, petals less than
3 mm (but 6-7 mm in 2 species) in length, and anthers numbering 5-20]. The novel
genetic combinations (resulting from allopolyploidization) appear to have allowed the
tetraploids to exploit higher elevation habitats in the high Andes that were not previously
occupied by the diploid species. Consequently, morphological adaptations to the high
altitude habitats would have had a selective advantage. In particular, because the
tetraploids are annuals, a breeding system/morphology which offers reproductive
assurance in an environment where pollinators are scarce and the growing season is short
would be essential. Polyploidy is particularly common among taxa found at high
latitudes and high altitudes (Löve and Löve 1949, Diers 1961, Löve and Löve 1974,
Stebbins 1984). Arroyo et al. (1981, 1982, 1985) and Arroyo and Squeo (1990) in a
series of community studies of the high Chilean Andes demonstrated a relationship
between breeding system and pollinator abundance (frequent autogamy at high elevations
where pollinators are scarce). Abiotic factors in particular were shown to influence the
latter (Arroyo et al. 1981 1982, 1983). Low pollinator abundance may have been a pre-
103
existing element in shaping the tetraploid morphology subsequent to invasion of the high
elevation habitats. However, a phylogenetic component may have also contributed to the
plasticity of the floral characters observed in the tetraploids (conferred by the diploid
annuals).
Tarasa tetraploid pollen size contradicts breeding system and ploidy level expectations
The data presented here for pollen size in Tarasa contradict previous findings for
both a negative correlation between pollen/ovule ratios and pollen size (Cruden and
Miller-Ward 1981, Mione and Anderson 1992, Cruden 2000) and a positive correlation
between ploidy level and pollen size (Stebbins 1940, 1950). In an autogamous breeding
system, fewer pollen grains are produced and these are typically larger than in
outcrossing relatives (Cruden and Miller-Ward 1981, Cruden 2000). This relationship
has been attributed to a trade-off in sexual allocation between size and number (Charnov
1982, Queller 1984) and/or to floral morphological characters, in particular, style length
and stigmatic depth (Cruden and Lyon 1985, Cruden 2000 and references therein). In
Tarasa, the tetraploids possess an autogamous breeding system where fewer pollen grains
are produced per anther, but the pollen grains are significantly smaller than the diploids
where xenogamy is favored (p=0.003 under Bonferroni/Dunn) (Table 4.9 and Figure 4.6).
When habit and ploidy level are considered among the species, the tetraploids are not
significantly different in pollen size from the diploid annuals under the more conservative
post-hoc ANOVA (Bonferroni/Dunn p= 0.0399 chromosomally known only, p=0.0301
all taxa), but are significantly smaller than the diploid perennials (p=0.0057 known,
p=0.0083 all taxa). Interestingly, regression analysis indicates a positive relationship
between pollen size (as surface area) and pollen/ovule ratio for the tetraploids (r=0.519)
104
and diploid perennials (r=0.296), but the diploid annuals exhibit the expected negative
correlation between the two variables (r=-0.698). Since the tetraploids have smaller
flowers (thus shorter styles) than the diploid annuals and perennials, a structural
component also likely contributes to the smaller pollen found in the tetraploids.
Chromosome drawings by Krapovickas (1960) indicate that the tetraploid chromosomes
are not smaller in size than the diploids.
Attributing pollen size to a single factor does not seem appropriate for most plant
species, especially in the case of Tarasa. Interrelated environmental and genetic factors
have likely contributed to the unexpected patterns observed here. Among the most
important considerations are 1) the tetraploids are primarily autogamous and are derived
from primarily xenogamous diploid annuals, and 2) the former have undergone a
morphological reduction in all floral characters probably as a reponse to a combination of
a shift in breeding system and to the harsh environment of the high Andes.
105
Appendix A. Malveae ITS alignment
ITS1 (1-355), ITS2 (356-623) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 75 Abutilon.andrewsianum GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACACC --GAGAGAG- TGCGG Abutilon.pubistamineum GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG C-ACATGACC CGT-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACACC --GAGAGGG- TGCGG Abutilon.sp. -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGC GTTATCATAC AA--AACACC --GAGAGGG- TGCGG Acaulimalva.alismatifolia -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATAAAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Acaulimalva.dryadifolia -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT TATATAAAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Alcea.rosea -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAATGT GATATCAAAC AA--TCGAAT --GAGGGGGG TGAGG Alcea.rugosa ?????????? ?????AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAATGT GATATCAAAC AA--TCGAAT --GAGGGGG- TGAGG Allosidastrum.pyramidatum GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACAA GTTATCATAC AA--AACAGC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Allowissadula.holosericea GTCGAAAGCT GCCT-AGCAA ATAC--GACC CCG-GAACAA GTTATCAAAC AA--AACAAC --GAGGGGG- AGCAG Anisodontea.capensis GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Anoda.crenatiflora GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACAGC --GAGAGTG- TGAGG Bakeridesia.gloriosa GTCGAAACCT GCCC-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACATC --GGGAGGG- TGCGG Bastardia.bivalvis GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GTTATTATAC AA--ATCACC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Bastardiastrum.cinctum GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACACC --GATAGGG- TGAGG Bastardiopsis.densiflora GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACACC --GAGAGAG- TGCGG Batesimalva.violacea GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--AACAAC --GAGGGGG- CGAGG Billieturnera.helleri GTCGAAACCT GCCC-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGT GTTACCATAC AA--AACAAC --GAGAGGG- CGCGG Briquetia.sonorae GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGT GTTACCAAAC AA--AACAAC --GAGTGGG- CGCGG Callirhoe.digitata -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC TGT-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--CTAAAC --GAGGAGG- TGTGG Callirhoe.involucrata -TCAAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC TGT-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--CTAAAC --GAGGAGG- TGTGG Calyculogygas.uruguayensis -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTAAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Corynabutilon.vitifolium GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACAT GTTAATAAAC AA--AACAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Cristaria.andicola -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGA-GAACGT GTTATAAAAC AA--CTCCTC --GAGGAGG- TGCGG Dendrosida.breedlovei GTCGAAAGCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGC GTTATCAAAC AA--AACAGC GAGAGAGGG- TGCGG Dendrosida.wingfieldi GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGC GTTATCAAAC AA--AACAGC --GAGAGGG- TGCGG Dirhamphis sp. GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGT GTTACCAAAC AA--AACAAC --GAGTGGG- CGCGG Eremalche.exilis -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AY--GACC CGT-GAAYGT GATATCAAAC AA--CWAAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Eremalche.parryi -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAATGT GATATCAAAC AA--CAAAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Fryxellia.pygmaea GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAACGT GTTATCGTAC AA--AACAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Fuertesimalva.jacens -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAGGGGG- CGTAG Fuertesimalva.limensis -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAGGGGG- CGTAG Gaya.atiquipana GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC TGT-GAATGC GTTATCATAC AA--AACAAC --GAGAGGG- CGTTG Gaya.calyptrata GTCGAAAGCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGC GTTATCATAC AA--AACAAC --GAGAGGG- CGTTG Gossypium.hirsutum GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGC GTTG-CAAAC AA--CACC-G --GAGGTGG- TGCGG Hochreutinera.amplexifolia GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGT GTTACCAAAC AA--AACAAC --GAGTGGG- CGCGG Hoheria sp. GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--CTCCAC --GAGGGG-A GGCGG Horsfordia.exsita GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACATC --GAGAGGA- TGCGG Howittia.trilocularis GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGC GTTATCAAAC AA---TAA-- --GAGGGC-- CGCGG Iliamna.bakeri2 -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--AACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CAAAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Iliamna.latibrac.2B -TCGAAATCC GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC AGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CAAAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Iliamna.remota -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATTGAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Iliamna.rivularis -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATTGAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Kearnemalvastrum.lacteum GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAACAT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Kearnemalvastrum.sp -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAACAT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG
106
Kitaibela.vitifolia GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--TTGAAC --GAGGGGG- TGAGG Krapovickasia.physaloides GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACAAC --GAGAGGG- CGCGG Lavatera.arborea ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???-?AACGT GATGTCAAAC ACAACCAGTC --GAGGGG-- TGCGG Lavatera.occidentalis -------CCT GC-A-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCGAAC AA--CCGATC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Lavatera.trimestris ---------- ---------- ---C--GACC CGC-GAACGT GATATCGAAC ACAAACAATC --GGGGGGG- TGAGG Lecanophora.chubutensis GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--CTCCGC --GAGGAGG- TGCGG Lecanophora.heterophylla GTCAAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--CTTTGC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Malacothamnus.chilensis -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCATAC AA--CTCCAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Malacothamnus.fasciculatus -TCGAAACCT GCCTAAGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CAAAAC --GAGGGGG- CGTGG Malope sp. GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGC-GAACGT GATATCAAAC TA----GA-C --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Malva.assurgentea GTCGAAACCT GCCA-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCGAAC AA--CCGATC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Malva.dendromorpha ---------- ---------- ---------- -----AACGT GTTATCGACC AA--CCGATC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Malva.linnei ---------- -CCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCGAAC AA--CCGATC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Malva.nicaensis GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCGAAC AA--CCGATC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Malva.wigandii ---------- ---------- ---------- -----AACGT GATTTCAAAC AA--CCGA?C --GAGGGGG- CGAGG Malvastrum.amblyphyllum GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTAATC --GTTGGGG- TGCGG Malvastrum.americanum GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTAATC --GTGGGGG- TGCGG Malvastrum.coromandelianum GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTAATC --GTGGGGG- TGCGG Malvella.sagittifolia GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--AACC CGT-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--AACAAC --GAGGGGG- AGCGG Meximalva.filipes GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC TGT-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AAACAC --GAGAGGG- CGCGG Modiola.caroliniana -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTAAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Modiolastrum.lateritium -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTAAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Monteiroa.glomerata -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC TGT-GAACAT GATATCAAAC AA--CTAAAC --GAGGKGG- CGCGG Napaea.dioica GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CAAAAC --GAGGGGG- CGCTG Navaea.phoenicea GTCAAAACCT GCCT-AGCAA A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC ----TAAAT- --GAGGTGG- TGCGG Neobrittonia.acerifolia -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--AACAAC --GGGGGGG- TGAGG Nototriche.anthemidifolia -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AY--G-CC TGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CCCCAC --GGGGGGG- CGCGG Nototriche.flabellata -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC TGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CCCCAC --GGGGGGG- CGCGG Nototriche.pedicularifolia -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG AAAC--GACC TGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CCCCAC --GGGGGGG- CGCGG Palaua.camanensis -TCGAAACCT GC?T-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATAAAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAAGGGGG CGCGG Palaua.rhombifolia -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC---ACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAAGGGG- CGAGG Periptera.punicea GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACATC --GAGAGGG- TGCGG Phymosia.umbellata -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAGGAGG- TGTGG Pseudabutilon.umbellatum GTCGAAAC-T GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--AACC CGT--AATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACACC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Rhynchosida.physocalyx GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACAAC --GAGAGGG- CGCGG Robinsonella sp. GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC AGC-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACAAC --TGGAGGG- TGCGG Sida.abutifolia GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGC GTTATCATAC AA--AAAAAC --GAGAGGG- TGCGG Sida.aggregata GTCGAAACCT GCTT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AAAAT- --GAGAGGG- TGCGG Sida.fibulifera GTCGAAACCT GCAT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC TGT--AATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACCAC --GAGAGGG- GGCGG Sida.hermaphrodita GTCGAACCCT GCCT-AGCAG ATAC--GCCG CGC-CAACGT GTTATCAACC AA--CTCCAC --CAGGGG-A CGCGG Sida.hookeriana GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--CTCCAC --GAGGGG-A GGCGG Sida.jussieana GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG ATAC--GACC CGT-?AATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACAAC --GACAGGG- TGCGG Sida.linifolia GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC TGT-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACAAC --GAGATGG- TGCGG Sida.longipes GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GCATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACAAC --GAGAGGG- TGCGG Sida.odorata ???GAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC TGT-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACAAC --GACAGGG- TACGG Sida.oligandra GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--AACATC --GAGAGGG- AGAGG Sida.platycalyx GTCGAAACCT GCAT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC TGT-?AATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACCAC --GAGAGGG- GGCGG Sida.xantii GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG ATAC--GACC CGT-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AAAATC --GAGAGGG- TGCGG Sidalcea.cusickii -TCAAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAACAT GATATCAAAC AA--CAAACT --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Sidalcea.hirsuta -TCAAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CAAACT --GAGGGGA- TGAGG Sidalcea.multifida -TCAAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAACAT GATATCAAAC AA--CAAACT --GAGGGGG- TACGG Sidalcea.stipularis -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-GA--GACC CGT-GAACAT GATATCAAAC AA--TAAACT --GAGGGGG- CGTGG Sidasodes.colombiana GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG ATAC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--CTCCAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Sidastrum.paniculatum GTCGAAACCG TCCT-AGCAG ---C--GACC TGT-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AA-ATC --GAGAGGG- CGCGG
107
Sphaeralcea.angustifolia -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCCAC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Sphaeralcea.cordobensis -TCGAAACCT GCCT--GCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACAT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCCAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Sphaeralcea.crispa -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACAT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCCAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Sphaeralcea.philippiana -TCGAAACCT GCCT--GCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACAT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCCAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Sphaeralcea.wrightii -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCCAC --GAGGGGG- TGCGG Tarasa.albertii -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTACAC --GGGGGGG- CGCGG Tarasa.humilis -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTACAC --GGGGGGG- CGCGG Tarasa.machupicchensis -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCCAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Tarasa.mandonii -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CTCCAC --GAGGGGG- CGCGG Tarasa.operculata -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC TGT-GAACGT GATATMAAAC AA--CCTCAC --GGGGGGG- CAYGG Tarasa.rhombifolia -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC TGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CCCCAC --GGGGGGG- TGCGG Tarasa.thyrsoidea -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AY--GACC TGT-GAACRT GATATCAAAC AA--CCTCAC --GGGGGGG- C?CGG Tarasa.trisecta -TCGAAACCT GCCT--GCAG A-AC--GACC TGT-GAACGT GATATCAAAC AA--CCCCAC --GGGGGGG- YGCGG Tetrasida.chachapoyensis GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GTTATCATAC AA--AATACC --GAGAGGG- TGCGG Tetrasida.weberbaueri GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AT--GACC TGT-GAACGT GTTATCAAAC AA--AACAAC --GAGGGGG- AGCGG Thespesia.lampas -TCGAAACCC GCCC-CGCAG A-AC--GACC CGCGGAACGC GTTG-CACAC GA--CACC-G --GGGGCGG- CGCGG Urocarpidium.albiflorum -TCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGT-GAACGT GATATAAAAC AA--CTCAAC --GAGGGGG- CGTAA Wissadula.boliviana GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACACC --GAGAGGG- TGCGG Wissadula.cruziana GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC CGC-GAACGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACACC --GAGAGGG- TGCGG Wissadula.periplocifolia GTCGAAACCT GCCT-AGCAG A-AC--GACC TGT-GAATGT GTTATCATAC AA--AACACC --GAGAKGG- TGCGG 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 150 Abutilon.andrewsianum ATG-CAATAT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TG-T GTTTGGTC-T T-GCCTC--A GCCC- Abutilon.pubistamineum TTG-CAATAT TG-TCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TTGT--TGTG CTTTGCTC-T T-GCATC--A TCCC- Abutilon.sp. ATG-CAATAT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCT? C--GATGCCT TGC---TG-C GTTTGGTC-T T-GCCTC--A TTCC- Acaulimalva.alismatifolia ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGGCGGTGTG CTT-GGCT-C T-GCCCC--A TCCG- Acaulimalva.dryadifolia ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTT ---GATGCCT TGGCGGTGTG CTT-GGCT-C T-GCCCC--A TCCG- Alcea.rosea ATG-CATCTT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GTTGCCT AGG---TGTG CTT-GGCC-T T-TCCCC--A TTCG- Alcea.rugosa ATG-CATCTT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GTTGCCT AGG---TGTG CTT-GGCC-T T-TCCCC--A TTCG- Allosidastrum.pyramidatum ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT CTG---AGTG CTT-GGGT-C T-GCCTC--A TCCT- Allowissadula.holosericea ATG-CAATCC TTGCCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GACGCCT TGG---CTGG ----GGTC-T T-GCC-C--A GCAT- Anisodontea.capensis ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-TGCC-T T-TCCCC--A TCCG- Anoda.crenatiflora GTG-CAATCT TGCTCCC--A A-CCCCTCTC ---GGTGCCT TGT---TGTG TGT-GGCT-T T-GCCTT--C TCCT- Bakeridesia.gloriosa ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GGTGCCT TG----TTGT GTTTGTTC-C T-GTCTC--C ACCC- Bastardia.bivalvis GTG-CAATGT TG-CCCCC-A ACCTC-TCTC ---GATGTCT TGG---TC-T GTTTGGTC-T T-GCCTC--A ACCC- Bastardiastrum.cinctum ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCA-C T-GTCTY--C GCCCA Bastardiopsis.densiflora GTG-CAATGT TG-CCCCC-A ATCCC-TCTC ---GATGTCT TG----GTGT GTTTGGTC-T T-GCCTC--A ACCCA Batesimalva.violacea ATG-MAATCT TG-CACC--A ACCTC-CCTC ---GGTGTCT CGG-----TG CGTCGGTC-T T-GCCTCTCA TCCG- Billieturnera.helleri ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACTCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TTTG TTT-GGTC-T T-GGCTG--A CTCC- Briquetia.sonorae ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCAT TGG---TTCG TTT-GGTG-T A-GCCTC--A TCCC- Callirhoe.digitata ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TCG---TTTG CTT-GGCC-T T-TCACC--A TCCG- Callirhoe.involucrata ATG-CATCTT -G-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TCG---TTTG CTT-GGCC-T T-TCACC--A TCCG- Calyculogygas.uruguayensis ACG-CATCCT TG-CGCCT-A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGCC-T T-TCACC--A TCCG- Corynabutilon.vitifolium ATG-CAATAT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GAACCCT CGG---TGTG CTT-GGCC-T T-GCCTC--A TCC-- Cristaria.andicola ATG-CAACTT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGTCA CGG---TTTG CTT-GTCC-T C-GCCTC--A TCCT- Dendrosida.breedlovei ACG-CAATCT TG-CGCCG-A ATCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT CTG---AATG CTT-GGTC-T T-GGCTC--A TCTC- Dendrosida.wingfieldi ACG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ATCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT CTG---AATG CTT-GGTC-T T-GGCTC--A TCTC- Dirhamphis sp. ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCAT TGG---TTCG TTT-GGTG-T A-GCCTC--A TCCC- Eremalche.exilis ATG-CATCAT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---CGTG CTT-GACC-A T-GCACA--A TCCG- Eremalche.parryi ATG-CATCAT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---CGTG CTT-GACC-G T-GCACA--A TTCG- Fryxellia.pygmaea ATG-CAATGT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC GATGATGCCT TGT---CGTG CTT-GGTC-T T-TGCTT--C GCCA- Fuertesimalva.jacens ATG-CATCCT TG-CACC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGCT-- ---------- ----- Fuertesimalva.limensis ATG-CATTCT TG-CACC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGCT-- ---------- ----- Gaya.atiquipana GTG-CAGAAA TG-CCCC--A ACCTT-TCTC ---GACGCCT CT----TTCG GTTCGGTC-T T-GCCTC--A TTCC-
108
Gaya.calyptrata GTG-CAGAAA TG-CCCC--A ACCTT-TCTC ---GACGCCT CT----TTCG GTTTGGTC-T T-GCCTC--A TCCC- Gossypium.hirsutum GTG-CATCCT CG-CCTC-TC GCCAC-CC-C ---CGTGTCT CGG---AGCG GCC-AGTC-T CGTCGTCC-C TTTG- Hochreutinera.amplexifolia ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCAT TGG---TTCG TTT-GGTG-T A-GCCTC--A TTCC- Hoheria sp. ATGGCAATCA TG-CCCCC-A AATCC-CCTC ---GACGCCT TGG---TGAG CCT-GGCT-T G-GCCTC--A CCCT- Horsfordia.exsita ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-TCTC ---GGTGCCT TGT---TG-T GTTTGTTC-C T-GTCTC--C ACCC- Howittia.trilocularis ACG-CATCCT TG-CACC-TC G-TAC-CCTC ---TATGCCG CGG---AGTT CTT-GGCT-T T-GCCTC--C CTTA- Iliamna.bakeri2 ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGTCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCC-T T-GCACC--A TCCG- Iliamna.latibrac.2B ATG-CATCCC TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGTCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCC-A T-GCACC--A TCCG- Iliamna.remota AAG-CATACT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG TTT-GGCT-T T-GTCCC--A ACCG- Iliamna.rivularis AAG-CATACT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG TTT-GGCT-T T-GTCCC--A ACCG- Kearnemalvastrum.lacteum ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGCT-C T-GCCCC--A TCCG- Kearnemalvastrum.sp ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGCT-C T-GCCC---A TCCG- Kitaibela.vitifolia ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GTTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGCC-T T-TCCCC--A TTCG- Krapovickasia.physaloides ACG-CAATCT TG-CCCCC-- ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCC CGG---CGTG CTT-GGTC-C T-GCCTC--A -CTC- Lavatera.arborea ATG-CATCCG TG-CCCC--G AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---CGTG CCC-TGCC-T T-GCCAC--A TACG- Lavatera.occidentalis ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--G AGCCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT CGG---CGCG CCG-AGCC-T T-GCCGC--A TCCG- Lavatera.trimestris ATG-CA?CCG TG-CCCC--G AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGCG CCC-GGCC-T T-GCCAC--A TACG- Lecanophora.chubutensis ACG-CAACAT TG-CACC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GACGTCT CGG---TTTG CTT-GGCC-T C-GCCTC--A -CCC- Lecanophora.heterophylla ATG-CAACTA TG-CGCC--G AGCCC-CCT- ---GATGTCT CAG---TTTG CTT-GGCC-T T-GCCTC--A -CCC- Malacothamnus.chilensis ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCT-T T-GCCCC--A TCCG- Malacothamnus.fasciculatus ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTM ---GATGCCT TGG---ACTG CTT-GGCT-T T-GCCCC--A TCCG- Malope sp. ATG-CATCCA TG-CCCC--A AACTC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CGC-AGAGCC CGGCCGC--A TCCG- Malva.assurgentea ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--G AGCCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT CGG---CGCG CCG-AGCC-T T-GCCGC--A TCCG- Malva.dendromorpha ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--G AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT CGG---CGCG CCA-AGCC-T T-GCCGC--A TCCG- Malva.linnei ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--G AGCCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT CGG---CGCG CCG-A-CC-T T-GCCGC--A TCCG- Malva.nicaensis ATG-CGTCCT TG-CCCC--G AGCCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT CGG---CGCG CCG-AGCC-T T-GCCGC--A TCCG- Malva.wigandii ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--G AACCC-CCTC ---GACGCCT CGG---TGCG CCT-AGCC-T C-GCCGC--A TCCG- Malvastrum.amblyphyllum TTG-TATCC- ---------A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCC-T T-GCACC--A TCTG- Malvastrum.americanum TTG-CATCC- ---------A AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGCC-T T-GCACC--A TCTG- Malvastrum.coromandelianum TTG-CATC-- ---------A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCC-T T-GCACC--A TCCG- Malvella.sagittifolia AAC-GAATCC TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGC---TGTG CTT-GACC-T T-GCCTC--A TCCC- Meximalva.filipes GTG-CAATCT TG-CCCCC-T ACCCCCTCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGTC-T T-GTAGC--A TCTC- Modiola.caroliniana ATG-CATCCT TG-CACCC-A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGCC-T T-TCACC--A TCCG- Modiolastrum.lateritium ATG-CATCCT TG-CACCC-A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGCC-T T-TCACC--A TCCG- Monteiroa.glomerata ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGCC-T T-GCACC--A TCCG- Napaea.dioica ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCCC-A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGCC-T T-TCCCC--A TTCG- Navaea.phoenicea ATG-CATCCT TG-CACC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT AAG---TGTG CCT-AGCC-T T-GCCAC--A TTCG- Neobrittonia.acerifolia ATG-CAATCT TG-CACC--G ACCCC-CCTC ---GATGTCT CGG-----TG CGTCGGTC-T T-GCTTCTCA TCCC- Nototriche.anthemidifolia ATG-CATCTT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCT-T T-GTACC--A TCCT- Nototriche.flabellata ATG-CATCTT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GTCT-T T-GTACC--A TCCT- Nototriche.pedicularifolia ATG-CATCTT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GTCT-T T-GTACC--A TCCT- Palaua.camanensis ATG-CA-CCT TG-CACC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGTT-T T-GCACC--A GCCTT Palaua.rhombifolia ATG-CATCCT TG-CACC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGTT-T T-GCTCT--C GCCTT Periptera.punicea GTG-CATTTG TTGTCCC--A ATCCCCTCCC ---GGTGCCT TGT---TGT- GTTTGTTC-C G-GTCTC--C TCC-- Phymosia.umbellata ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A CACCC-CCTC ---GTTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGCT-T T-GCCCC--A TCCG- Pseudabutilon.umbellatum ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGGC GTTTGGTC-T T-GCCTC--A AACC- Rhynchosida.physocalyx ACG-CAATCT TG-CCCCC-- ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCC CGG---CGTG TTT-GG-T-G T-GC-TC--A -CTC- Robinsonella sp. GTG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACCCT-TCCG ---TATGCCT TG----GTTT GATTGGTC-C T-GCCTC--- CTCC- Sida.abutifolia AAC-GAATCT TG-CCCC--A ATCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG TTT-GGTC-T T-GGCCC--A TCTC- Sida.aggregata ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGTC-T T-GCCCC--A TCCC- Sida.fibulifera GTG-CAATCA TG-CCCC--T ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGC---TGTG CTT-GGTC-T T-GCATC--A TCT-- Sida.hermaphrodita ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCCC-A AGCCC-CCTC ---GACGCCT TGG---TGTG TCC-GGCT-T T-GC-TC--A TCAC- Sida.hookeriana ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCCC-A AACCC-CCTC ---GACGCCC TGG---TGTG CCT-GGCC-T T-GCCTC--A CTCA- Sida.jussieana ACG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ATCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGC---AGTG ATT-GGTC-T T-GACTC--A TGCC-
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Sida.linifolia ACC-GAATCT TG-CCCC--A ATACC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGCG GTT-GGTC-T TT-CCTC--A TCTC- Sida.longipes ACG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ATCTC-TCTC ---GCTGCCT TGG---TGTG GTT-GGTC-T T-GCCTC--A TCTC- Sida.odorata TTG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ATCCC-TCCC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGTC-T T-GCCTC--G TCTC- Sida.oligandra GTG-CAATAT TG-CCCC--- ------TCTC ---GATGCTG AGG---AGTG CTT-GATC-T T-GCGCC--C CTCCC Sida.platycalyx ATG-CAATCA TG-CCCC--T ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGC---TGTG CTT-GGTC-T G-GCCTC--A TCTC- Sida.xantii ATG-CATTCC TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GAAGCCT TGC---TGTG CTT-GGTC-T T-GCCTC--A TCTC- Sidalcea.cusickii ATG-CATCAT TG-CTCT--A AACCC-CCTT A--GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCC-T T-ACACC--A TGCG- Sidalcea.hirsuta ATG-CATCAT TG-CTCC--A AACCC-CCTT A--GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCC-T T-ACACC--A TGCG- Sidalcea.multifida ATG-CATCAT TG-CTCT--A AACCC-CCTT A--GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCC-T T-ACACC--A TGCG- Sidalcea.stipularis ATG-CATCAT TG-CTCC--A ATCCC-CCTT A--GATGCCC TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCC-T T-GCCCCC-A TGCG- Sidasodes.colombiana ACG-CATCAC TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG -TA-AGCT-T T-GCCTC--A TCCA- Sidastrum.paniculatum GTC-CAATCT TG-CCCCC-T ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GGTC-T T-GCCGC--A TCTC- Sphaeralcea.angustifolia ATG-CATCTT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GTTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCC-T T-GCCCC--A TCCA- Sphaeralcea.cordobensis ATG-CATCYT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCT-T T-GCCCC--A TCCA- Sphaeralcea.crispa ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTT ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCT-T T-GCCCC--A TCCA- Sphaeralcea.philippiana ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCT-T T-GCCCC--A TCCA- Sphaeralcea.wrightii ATG-CATCTT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCT-T T-GCCCC--A TCCA- Tarasa.albertii ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--G AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCT-T T-GCCCC--A TCCG- Tarasa.humilis ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--G AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCT-T T-GCCCC--A TCCG- Tarasa.machupicchensis ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCT-T T-ACCCC--A TCCG- Tarasa.mandonii ATG-CATCCT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCT-T T-ACCCC--A TCCG- Tarasa.operculata ATG-CAACTT TG-CCCC--G AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GCCT-T T-GCCYC--A TCCT- Tarasa.rhombifolia ATG-CATCTT TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---CGTG CTT-GTCT-T T-GCCCC--A TCCT- Tarasa.thyrsoidea ATG-CATCTT TG-CCCC--G AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GTCT-T T-GCCYC--A TCCT- Tarasa.trisecta ATG-CATC-T TG-CCCC--A AACCC-CCTC ---GGTGCCT TGG---TGTG CTT-GTCT-T T-GCCCC--A TCCT- Tetrasida.chachapoyensis ACG-CAATCT TG-CACC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GTAGCCT TGG---AGTG TTT-GGTC-C T-GTATC--A ACCC- Tetrasida.weberbaueri ACG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GATGCCT TGG---TTTG CTG-GGGT-C TTGCCTC--A TCAT- Thespesia.lampas GCG-CATCCC CG-CCTC-TC GTCTC-CCTC ---AGCGTCT CGG---AGCG ATC-GGTC-C CGTCG----- ----- Urocarpidium.albiflorum ATG-CATCAT TG-CACC--A AACCC-CCTT ---GATGTCT TAG---TTTG CTT-GGCT-T C-GC-----A TGC-- Wissadula.boliviana ATG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GAAGCCT ACA---AGTG TTT-TGTT-C T-GCATC--A ACCC- Wissadula.cruziana ACG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GAAGCCT ACA---AGTG TTT-TGTT-C T-GCATC--A ACCC- Wissadula.periplocifolia ACG-CAATCT TG-CCCC--A ACCCC-TCTC ---GTAGCCT TGG---AGTG TTT-GGTC-C T-GTATC--A ACCC- 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 225 Abutilon.andrewsianum ACCTC----- GTGA-GGGTG AGTTG-CAA- GTCCCA-TCC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Abutilon.pubistamineum CCCTC----- GTGA-TGGTG A--TG-CAA- GCTCCA-TCC AC--TACAA- -GG-CAAAA- TCAA-CAA-C CCC-- Abutilon.sp. ACCTT----- GTGA-GGGTG AGTTG-CAA- TTCCCA-TCC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCCC Acaulimalva.alismatifolia TCCTT----- GTGC-GGGTG AGATA-CCA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAAA CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Acaulimalva.dryadifolia TCCTT----- GTGC-GGGTG AGATA-CCA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAAA CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Alcea.rosea TTCTT----- GGGC-GGGTG AGATT-ACA- GGTCTT-GTT GCACTC--A- -GG-TAAAA- TGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Alcea.rugosa TTCTT----- GGGC-GGGTG AGATT-ACA- GGTCTT-GTT GCACTC--A- -GG-TAAAA- TGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Allosidastrum.pyramidatum CCCTT----- GAGA-TGATG AGATG-CCA- GTTCTA-GCC AC--TCTGA- -GG-CAAAAC CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Allowissadula.holosericea CCCCT----- GGGA-GGGTG CGCTG-CCA- GTTCCA-GCA AC--ACCGA- -GG-CAAAAC CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Anisodontea.capensis CTCTT----- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-ATA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Anoda.crenatiflora CCACTC---- GTGG-GGGCG AGATG--CA- GTTCCA-TCC GC--TACAG- -GG-CAAAAA CAAA-CAAAC CCC-- Bakeridesia.gloriosa CCTC------ GTGA-GGGTG AGATG-CCA- GTTCCA-ACC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAAAC CCC-- Bastardia.bivalvis C-TGT----- G-----GATG AGTTG-CAA- GTTCCA-TCC AC--CCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CTAA-CAA-C CCCC- Bastardiastrum.cinctum TCCCTC---- GCGA-GGGCG AGATG-CCA- GTTCCA-TCC AC--TCCA-- GGG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAAAC CCC-- Bastardiopsis.densiflora CC-TC----- GTGT-GGATG AGTTG-CAA- GTTCCA-TCC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Batesimalva.violacea ACCTT----- AGGT-TTGTG AGAGGCCGA- GT-CCC-GTC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Billieturnera.helleri CTCCT----- --GA-GGGTG AGATG-CCA- GTTCCA-TCC AG--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Briquetia.sonorae CGGTC----- GGGA-AGGTG AGATG-CTA- CTTCCA-ACC GC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Callirhoe.digitata CTTTT----- GGGC-GGGTG ATAGG-TCT- GGCCTT-GTC G-A-TCTAG- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Callirhoe.involucrata CTTTT----- GGGC-GGGTG ATAGG-TCT- GGCCTT-GTC G-A-TCTAG- -GG-CAAAA- TAAA-CAA-C CCCC-
110
Calyculogygas.uruguayensis CTCTT----- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-CCA- GGTCTT-GTC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Corynabutilon.vitifolium CCCTC----- TGGA-GGGTG AGATG-CCA- GGTCCG-GTC AC--TCTGA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Cristaria.andicola CCCTT----- GGGA-CGGTG -GTGG-CCA- GGTCTT-GTC AC--TCCGA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Dendrosida.breedlovei GC-TC--GAG AGGG--TGTG TGAT--CA-- GTTCCA-ACC AC--TC-GA- -GA-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Dendrosida.wingfieldi CC-TC--GAG AGGG--TGTG TGATA-CAA- GTTCCA-ACC AC--TCTGA- -GA-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Dirhamphis sp. CCGTC----- GGGA-AGGTG AGATG-CTA- CTTCCA-ACC GC--TCCAAA --G-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Eremalche.exilis TTCTTT---- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-CCC- GGTCAT-GTC ACAC-CCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Eremalche.parryi TTCTTT---- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-CAC- GGYCAT-GTC ACAC-CCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Fryxellia.pygmaea CCCTCC---- GGGG-GGGTG AGGTA-GAA- GTTCCA-ACC GC--TCCAAA AGG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Fuertesimalva.jacens ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAA-- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Fuertesimalva.limensis ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAA-- TGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Gaya.atiquipana CCGTC----- -TGGGGGGTG AGACC-CAA- GCTCCA-TCC GC--TGAGA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Gaya.calyptrata CCGTC----- -TG--GGGTG AGACC-CAA- GCTCCA-TCC TC--TGAGA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Gossypium.hirsutum CCCGTC---- GGGTGGGGTG AGATG-CC-G GGATCA-ACC TC--TTCGA- -GG-CAAAG- CGAA-CAAAC CCCC- Hochreutinera.amplexifolia CGGTC----- GGGA-AGGTG AGATG-CTA- CTTCCA-ACC GC--TCCAAA --G-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Hoheria sp. CCCTC----- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-CC-- GGTCT-TGCC AC--ACCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Horsfordia.exsita CCTGT----- -TGA-GGGTG AGATG-CCA- GTKTCA-TCC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAAAC CCC-- Howittia.trilocularis CCCTCT-GTG GGGT-GGGTG GG-TG-CCG- AGCCTC-GCT TC--TCCAA- -GG-CAGAAA CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Iliamna.bakeri2 CTCTTT---- GGGC-GGGTT AGATG-CCT- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCTA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Iliamna.latibrac.2B CTCTTT---- GTGC-GGGTG AGATG-CCT- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGGA-CAA-C CCCC- Iliamna.remota CTATTT---- GGGC-GGATG AGATG-CCT- GGTTTA-TAC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Iliamna.rivularis CTATTTT--- GGGC-GGATG AGATG-CCT- GGTCTT-TAC TCACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Kearnemalvastrum.lacteum CCCTT----- GGGC-GGGTG AGATA-CCA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Kearnemalvastrum.sp CCCTT----- GGGC-GGGTG AGATA-CCA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Kitaibela.vitifolia CTGTT----- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-ACA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCTTA- -GG-CAAAA- TGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Krapovickasia.physaloides CCCTC----- GGGT-GCGTG AGATG-CC-- GGTTCA-ATC AC--TCCGT- -GG-CAAAA- CAAA-CAAAC CCC-- Lavatera.arborea CCCTC----- GGGC-GGGTG TGACG----G GGTTTC-GGC ACGCTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Lavatera.occidentalis TCCTC----- GGGC-GGGTG TCCCG----- GGTTTC-GTC GCGCTCCGA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Lavatera.trimestris CCCTC----- GGGC-GGGTG CGACG----- GGTCTC-GTC GCGCTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Lecanophora.chubutensis CCCTC----- GGGA-CGGTG AGACG-CC-G GGCCTT-GTC AC--TCCGA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Lecanophora.heterophylla CCCAT----- GGGA-CGGTG AGACG-CC-G GGCCTT-GTC AC--TCCGA- -GG-CACAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Malacothamnus.chilensis CTCTC----- TGGC-GGTTG AGATG-CCA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTTCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CAAA-CAA-C CCCC- Malacothamnus.fasciculatus CTCTT----- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-CCA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCAG- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Malope sp. CCCTC----- TTGC-GGGTG AGTTG----- GGTTTT-GTC ACACT-ATA- -GG-TCAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Malva.assurgentea TCCTC----- GGGC-GGGTG TCCCG----- GGTTTC-GTC GCGCTCCGA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Malva.dendromorpha TCCTC----- GGGC-GGGTG TCCTG----- GGTTTC-GTC GCGCCCCGA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Malva.linnei TCCTC----- GGGC-GGGTG TCCCG----- GGTTTC-GTC GCGCTCCGA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Malva.nicaensis TCCTC----- GGGC-GGGTG TCCCG----- GGTTTC-GTC GTGCTCCGA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Malva.wigandii CCCTC----- GGGC-GGGTG TGACG----- GGCTTC-GTC ACGCTCCGA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Malvastrum.amblyphyllum CTCTTT---- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-CCA- GGTCTC-GTC ACAATCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- TGAA-CAAAC CCCC- Malvastrum.americanum ACCTTT---- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-CCA- GGTCTC-GTC AAACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAAAC CCCC- Malvastrum.coromandelianum CTCTTT---- GGGT-GGGTG AGTTG-CCA- GGTCTC-GTC ACATTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CAAA-CAAAC CCCC- Malvella.sagittifolia TCCTA----- GAGA-GGATG ATGTG--AT- GGCCTC-GTC AC--TTCA-- GGG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Meximalva.filipes CCCT------ -GGA-TTTTG AGATG-CAA- GTT-GA-TCC AC--TC-AA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Modiola.caroliniana CTCTT----- GGGT-GGGTG TGATG-GCA- GGTCTA-GTC AC--TCCGA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Modiolastrum.lateritium CTCTT----- GGGC-GGGTG TGATG-CCA- GGTCTT-GTC AC--TCCGA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Monteiroa.glomerata CTCTT----- GGGC-GGGTG TGATG-CGA- GTTCTT-GTC ATACTCCAA- -GG-CTAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Napaea.dioica CTCTT----- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-ACA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTC-A-- -GG-CAAAA- TGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Navaea.phoenicea CCCTT----- GGGC-AGGTG TGATA----- GGTTTT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Neobrittonia.acerifolia ACCTTT---- AGGA-GGGCG AGAGG-CGG- GGTCCC-GTC GT--TCCAA- -GG-CAGAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Nototriche.anthemidifolia CTCTC----- GAGC-GGTTG AGATG-CAA- G--CTT-GTC ---CCCTGA- -GG-CAAAA- TGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Nototriche.flabellata CTCTC----- GAGC-GGTTG AGATG-CAA- G--CTT-GTC ---CCCTGA- -GG-CAAAA- TGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Nototriche.pedicularifolia CTCTC----- GAGC-GGTTG AGATG-CAA- G-TCTT-GTC ---CACTGA- -GG-CAAAA- TGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Palaua.camanensis CTCTT----- GGGA-GGGTG AGATG-CAAA GGTCTT-GTC ACATTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC-
111
Palaua.rhombifolia CTCTT----- GGGA-GGGTG TGATG-CAAA AGTCTT-GTC ACATTCCAG- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Periptera.punicea CTCTCTT--- GAGC---GTG AGATG-CCA- GTTCCA-TCC AC--TTCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CTAA-CAAAC CCC-- Phymosia.umbellata CTCTT----- GGGC-AGGTG AGATG-CCA- GGTCAT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CAAA-CAA-C CCCC- Pseudabutilon.umbellatum CACTC----- ATGA-GGGTG AGATG-CCA- GTTCCA-TCC GC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Rhynchosida.physocalyx CCCTC----- GGGT-GCGTG AGATG-CC-- GGTTCA-ATC AC--TCCGT- -GG-CAAAA- CAAA-CAAAC CCC-- Robinsonella sp. CCCTC----- TATA-GGGTG AGATG-CTA- GTTCCA-GCC AC--TTCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sida.abutifolia CC-TCCCTAG AGAGGGTGTG TGATA-CAA- GTTCCA-ACC AC--CCCAA- -GA-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sida.aggregata CC-TC--GAG AGAGGGTGTA TGATA-CAA- CTTCCA-AAC AC--CCCAA- -GA-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sida.fibulifera CCCAC----- AGGA-CGGTG AAATG-CCA- GTTCAA-TCC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAAAC CCCC- Sida.hermaphrodita CTC------- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-CCA- GGTCTT-GCC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sida.hookeriana CCCTCA---- GGGC-AGGGG AGATG-CCA- GGTCTT-GCC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sida.jussieana CC-TC----- -GGG-GTGTG AGATG-CAT- GTTCCA-TTC CC--TTCCGA -GG-C-AAA- CCAAACAA-C CCCC- Sida.linifolia CC-TC--GAG AGGG--TGTG TGATA-AAA- GTTCCA-ACC AC--ACCAA- -GA-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sida.longipes CC-TT--GAG AGGG----TG TGATA-CAAG G-TCCA-ACC AC--TCCAA- -GA-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sida.odorata CC-TC--TAG AGGG--TGTG TGATA-CAA- GTTCCA-ACC AC--CCCAA- -GA-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sida.oligandra CCATC----- CGGA--GGTG AGATG-CC-G GTTCCC-GCC AC--TCCGA- -GGTCAAAA- CAAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sida.platycalyx CCCT------ AGGA-CGGTG AAATG-CCA- GTTCAA-TCC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sida.xantii CC-TT--GAC AGGG--CGTG TGATA-CAA- GTTCCA-AAC AC--CCCAA- -GA-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sidalcea.cusickii CTCTTTT--- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-CTT- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTYTAA- -GG-CAAAA- TAAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sidalcea.hirsuta GTCTTTT--- GGGC-GTGTG AGATG-CTT- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCTAA- -GG-CAAAA- TAAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sidalcea.multifida CTCTTTT--- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-CTT- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCTAA- -GG-CAAAA- TAAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sidalcea.stipularis CTCTTT---- GGGC-GGGTG AGATG-CAT- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCA-- -GG-CACAA- TGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sidasodes.colombiana CCCTT----- GGGT---GTG AGATG-CCA- GGTCTT-GGT GT--GT-AT- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sidastrum.paniculatum CCCTA----- -GGA-TTTTG AGATG-CCA- GTTCGA-TCC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sphaeralcea.angustifolia CTCTC----- GGGC-GGTTG AGTTG-CAA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sphaeralcea.cordobensis CTCTC----- GGGC-GGTTG AGATG-CAA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sphaeralcea.crispa CTCTTTTT-- GGGC-GGTTG ARATG-CAA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sphaeralcea.philippiana CTCTTTTT-- GGGC-GGTTG AGATG-CAA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Sphaeralcea.wrightii CTCTC----- GAGC-GGTTG AGTTG-CAA- TGTCTC-GTC ACACTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Tarasa.albertii YTCTC----- GCGC-GGTTG AGATG-CAA- GGTCTT-GTC ACATTCTAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Tarasa.humilis CTCTT----- GGGC-GGTTG AGATG-CAA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTATAA- -GG-CAAAA- CAAA-CAA-C CCCC- Tarasa.machupicchensis CTCTC----- GGGC-GGTTG AGATG-CCA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTTCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Tarasa.mandonii CTCTC----- GGGC-GGTTG AGATG-CCA- GGTCTT-GTC ACACTTCAA- -GG-CAAAA- CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Tarasa.operculata CTCTC----- GAGC-GGTTG AGATG-CAA- GGTCTT-GTC ACATTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- TGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Tarasa.rhombifolia CTCTC----- GAGC-GGTTG GGATG-CAA- CGTCTT-GTC ----TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- TGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Tarasa.thyrsoidea CTCTC----- GAGC-GGTTG AGATG-CAA- GGTCTT-GTC ACATTCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- TGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Tarasa.trisecta CTCTT----- GAGC-GGTTG AGATG-CAA- GGCCTT-GTC ----TCCAA- -GG-CAAAA- TCAA-CAA-C CCCC- Tetrasida.chachapoyensis CC-TC----- GTGA-GGGTC AGATG-TCA- GCTCGA-TCC AC--TCGAA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAAAC CCC-- Tetrasida.weberbaueri CCCCT----- GGGA-GGGTG AGATG-CCA- GTTCCA-GCA AC--ACCGA- -GG-CAAAAC CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Thespesia.lampas ---------- ---------- ---------- GGTCCG-ACC TC--TCCGG- -GG-CGAAA- CGGA-CAAAC CCCC- Urocarpidium.albiflorum ---------- ---------- ----G--AA- -GTCTT-GTC AC--TCCAA- -GG-CAAAAA CGAA-CAA-C CCCC- Wissadula.boliviana CC-TC----- GTGA-GGATC AGATG-TCA- GTTCCA-TCC AC--TCTTA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAAAC CCC-- Wissadula.cruziana YC-TY----- GTGA-GGATC AGATG-TCA- GTTCCA-TCC AC--TCTTA- -GG-CAAAA- CCAA-CAAAC CCC-- Wissadula.periplocifolia CC-TC----- GTGA-GGGTC AGATT-TCA- GTTCAA-TCC AC--TTGAA- -GG-CAAGA- CCAA-CAAAC CCC-- 235 245 255 265 275 285 295 300 Abutilon.andrewsianum GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---TAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCG CCGACCC-GT T-TGC Abutilon.pubistamineum GGC-GCGAAT TGCGTCAAGG AATT---TAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCG CCGACCC-GT T-CGC Abutilon.sp. GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAAT---TAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-AACG TTACT-GTCT CCGACCC-GT T-CGC Acaulimalva.alismatifolia GGC-GCGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTGCT-GTTG CCGTCCC-GT G-CGC Acaulimalva.dryadifolia GGC-GCGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTGCT-GTTG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Alcea.rosea GGC-GCGAAT TGCGTCAAGG AATT--AAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTACT-GTCA TCGTCCC-GT A-TGC Alcea.rugosa GGC-GCGAAT TGCGTCAAGG AATT--AAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTACT-GTCA TCGTCCC-GT A-TGC Allosidastrum.pyramidatum GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT--AAAA TTG--AAAGA GG-GC-ACGA -TACT-GCTG CCTACCC-GT T-TGC
112
Allowissadula.holosericea GGC-GCGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AATT---AAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCG CCTACCC-GT C-CGC Anisodontea.capensis GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTTCT-GTCA CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Anoda.crenatiflora GGC-GCGAAT CGTGCCAAGG AAAT--TGAA TTG--AAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -CACT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT T-CGC Bakeridesia.gloriosa GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAAT---TTA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCG CCGACCC-GT T-CGC Bastardia.bivalvis GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---GAA ATA-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT -CACT-GTCG TCAACCC-GT T-CGC Bastardiastrum.cinctum GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---TAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGY --ACT-GTCG TCGACCC-GT T-CGC Bastardiopsis.densiflora GGC-GCGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AATT---TAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT -CACT-GTCC TCAACCC-GT C-CGC Batesimalva.violacea GGC-GCGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AAAT--AAAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT C-ACT-GATG CCAACCC-GT C-CGC Billieturnera.helleri GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---AAA ACT-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGG -CACT-CTTG CCA-CCC-GT T-CGC Briquetia.sonorae GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATC---AAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTTG TCAACCC-GT T-CGC Callirhoe.digitata GGC-GTGAAT TACGCCAAGG AATT-ATAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTATT-ATCA CC-TACC-GT A-TGC Callirhoe.involucrata GGC-GTGAAT TACGCCAAGG AATT-ATAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTATT-ATCA CCGTACC-GT A-TGT Calyculogygas.uruguayensis GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATAAAAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTGCT-GTCG CCATCCC-GT A-CGC Corynabutilon.vitifolium GGCGGCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT---AAAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -TGCT-GTCG TCGACCC-GT C-CGC Cristaria.andicola GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAAAA TTG-AAAAAA GG-GC-ACGT ATGCT-GTTG ACGACCC-GT C-CGC Dendrosida.breedlovei GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---ATA ATG-AAAGGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCG CCATCCC-GT C-TGC Dendrosida.wingfieldi GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT----TA ATG-AAAGGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCG CCATCCC-GT C-TGC Dirhamphis sp. GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---AAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTTG TCAACCC-GT T-CGC Eremalche.exilis GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT-ATAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTGCT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Eremalche.parryi GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT-ATAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTGCT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Fryxellia.pygmaea GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---AAA ATG-AATAGA GG-GC-ACGT -TATT-GCCG CCGACCC-GT C-CGC Fuertesimalva.jacens GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTGCT-GCCG TCGTCCC-GT T-CGC Fuertesimalva.limensis GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTGCT-GCCG TCSTCCC-GT T-CGC Gaya.atiquipana GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---AAA ATA-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -CACT-GATG CCAACCC-GT A-CGT Gaya.calyptrata GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---AAA ATA-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACAG CCACT-GATG CCAACCC-GT C-CGC Gossypium.hirsutum GGC-GCGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AATC---GAA ACG-AAAGAA GGGGC-ACGT CTTCT-GTCG CCGCACC-GT T-CGC Hochreutinera.amplexifolia GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---GAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTTG TCAACCC-GT T-TGC Hoheria sp. GGC-GTGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AAC--AAGAA ATG-AAAGAA GG-GC-ACGT TCGCT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Horsfordia.exsita GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AACT---TAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -CACT-GTCG CCAACCC-GT T-CGC Howittia.trilocularis GGC-GCGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AACT---ATA ATG-AAAAGG GC-GC-ACCT CTGCT-GTCG TCGCACT-GT T-CGC Iliamna.bakeri2 GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT-AAAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTACT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Iliamna.latibrac.2B GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT-AAAAAA ATTGAAAAGA GT-GT-ATGT CTATT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Iliamna.remota GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATAAAAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ATGT CTACT-GTTG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Iliamna.rivularis GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATAAAAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTACT-GTTG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Kearnemalvastrum.lacteum GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-TC-ACGT CTGCT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Kearnemalvastrum.sp GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAAAA CTG-AAAAGA GT-TC-ACGT CTGTT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Kitaibela.vitifolia GGC-GCGAAT TGCGTCAAGG AATT-AAAAA -TG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTACT-GTCG TCGTCC--GT A-CGC Krapovickasia.physaloides GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---GAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-GTGT -TACT-GGCG CCAGCCC-GT C-CTG Lavatera.arborea GGC-GCGAAT CGCGTCAAGG AAT--AAAAT ATG--AAAGA GT-GC-ATGT TTCGTTGTT- ---TCCC--- ----- Lavatera.occidentalis GGC-GCGAAT CGCGTCAAGG AAT--AAGAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-GTGT TTCGTTGTC- --------GT A-T-- Lavatera.trimestris GGC-GCGAAT CGCGTCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG--AAAGA GT-GC-ATGT TTCGTTGTCG CAC------- ----- Lecanophora.chubutensis GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT--AATAA TTG-AAAGAG GG-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCG ACGACCC-GT C-CGC Lecanophora.heterophylla GGC-GCGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAAAA TTG-AAAAAG GG-GC-ACGT TTGTT-GTCG ACGACCC-GT C-CGC Malacothamnus.chilensis GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCG ACGTCCC-GT A-CGC Malacothamnus.fasciculatus GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATTACAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTGCT-GTTG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Malope sp. GGC-GCGAAT AGCGTCAAGG AAT---AAAA ATG--AAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCC-GTCC ACGTCCC-GT G-CGC Malva.assurgentea GGC-GCGAAT CGCGTCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-GTGT TTCGTTGTC- --------GT A-T-- Malva.dendromorpha GGC-GCGAAT CGCGTCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GC-GC-GTGT TTCGTTGTCG TCG------- ----- Malva.linnei GGC-GCGAAT CGCGTCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATT-AAAAGA GT-GC-GTGT TTCGTTGTC- --------GT A-T-- Malva.nicaensis GGC-GCGAAT CGCGTCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-GTGT TTCGTATCA- --------GT A-T-- Malva.wigandii GGC-GCGAAC CGCGTCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-GTGT TTCGTTGTCG TCC------- ----- Malvastrum.amblyphyllum GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATAAAAAAA AATGAAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT C-CGC Malvastrum.americanum GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT-AAAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-TC-ACGT CTGCT-GCCA CCGTCCC-GT G-TGC Malvastrum.coromandelianum GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-AAGT CTGCT-GCTG CCGTCCC-GT T-CGC
113
Malvella.sagittifolia GGC-GCGAAT AGCGCCAAGG AATC---AAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGA -TCCC-CTCG CATACCC-GT C-CGC Meximalva.filipes GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AACT--ATAA -TG-AAAAGA GG-GT-GCGA -TACT-GTCG CCGACTC-GT T-CGC Modiola.caroliniana GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CAGCT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Modiolastrum.lateritium GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTGCT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Monteiroa.glomerata GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATAAAAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTGCT-GTCA TCGTCCC-GT A-CAC Napaea.dioica GGC-GCGAAT TGCGACATCG AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ATGT CTGCT-ATCA CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Navaea.phoenicea GGC-GCGAAT TGCGTCAAGG AAT--AAAAA ATG--AAAGA GT-GC-ATGT TTACTTGTCG C-C------- ----- Neobrittonia.acerifolia GGC-GTGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AAAT--AAAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT C-ACT-GTCG CCAACCC-GT C-CGC Nototriche.anthemidifolia GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ATGT -TGCT-GTTG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Nototriche.flabellata GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ATGT -TGCT-GTTG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Nototriche.pedicularifolia GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ATGT -TGCT-GTTG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Palaua.camanensis GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATA-ATAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCG CCATCCC-GT A-CGC Palaua.rhombifolia GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATA-ATAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCT CCATCCC-GT A-CGC Periptera.punicea GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAAT---TGA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -CACT-GTCG TCGTCCC-GT T-TGC Phymosia.umbellata GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATTAAAATA ATG-MAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTGCT-GTTG TCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Pseudabutilon.umbellatum GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCGAAGG AATC---TAA AAT-AAAAGA GA-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCG CCGACCC-GT T-CGC Rhynchosida.physocalyx GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---GAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-GTGT -TACT-GGCG CCGGCCC-GT C-CGC Robinsonella sp. GGC-GTGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AATT---AAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT -T-CT-GTCG CCGACCC-GT T-CGC Sida.abutifolia GGC-GCGAAT -GCGCCAAGG AATT---TTA ATC-AAAGGA GG-GC-ACGT -TATT-GTTG CCAACCC-GT T-CGC Sida.aggregata GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---ATA ATA-AAAGGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCG CCATCCC-GT C-CGC Sida.fibulifera GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AACT--ATAA -TG-AAAAGA GT-GC-GCGC -TATT-GTCG TCAACCC-GT TTCGC Sida.hermaphrodita GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAC--AAATA ATG-AAAGAA GG-GC-ACGT TTCGT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Sida.hookeriana GGC-GTGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AAC--AAGAA ATG-AAAGAA GG-GC-ACGT TTCGT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Sida.jussieana GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---TAA ATG-AAAAGG GT-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCA GCAACCC-GT C-CGC Sida.linifolia GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---ATA ATG-AAAGGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCG CCAACCC-GT C-CGC Sida.longipes GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---ATA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT --CGT-GTCG CCAACCC-GT T-CGC Sida.odorata GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---ATA ATG-AAAGGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCG CCAACCC-GT C-TGC Sida.oligandra GGC-GTTAAT CGCGCCAAGG AATT---AAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACTT -TGCT-GTCG TTGACCC-GT T-TGC Sida.platycalyx GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AACT--ATAA -TG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -TATT-GTCG CCGGCCC-GT T-CGC Sida.xantii GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-AT-TA TTT-AAAGGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCA CCATCCC-GT C-CGC Sidalcea.cusickii GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG A-TT-AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACAT CTACT-GTTG CCGTCCC-GT G-CGC Sidalcea.hirsuta GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG A-TT-AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACAT CTAYT-GTTG CCGTCCC-GT T-CGC Sidalcea.multifida GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG A-TT-AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACAT CTACT-GTTG TCRTCCC-GT G-CGY Sidalcea.stipularis GGC-GTGAAA CACGCCAAGT AAT--AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-AC-ATGT CTATT-GCCA TCATCCC-GT A-CGC Sidasodes.colombiana GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AAT--AAGAA ATG-GAAAAA GG-GCTACGT TTCGT-GTCG CCATACC-GT A-CGC Sidastrum.paniculatum GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AACT--ATAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGA -TACT-GTCG CCGACCCAGT T-AGC Sphaeralcea.angustifolia GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG ATTT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCG TCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Sphaeralcea.cordobensis GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG ATTT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTTG CCATCCC-GT A-CGC Sphaeralcea.crispa GGC-GTGAAT TACGCCAAGG ATTT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCG CCATCCC-GT A-CGC Sphaeralcea.philippiana GGC-GTGAAT TACGCCAAGG ATTT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCG CCATCCC-GT A-CGC Sphaeralcea.wrightii GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG ATTT-TAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCG TCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Tarasa.albertii GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Tarasa.humilis GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-AAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCG CCRTCCC-GT A-CGC Tarasa.machupicchensis GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCA ACGTCCC-GT A-CGC Tarasa.mandonii GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT TTGCT-GTCA ACGTCCC-GT A-CGC Tarasa.operculata GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT -TGY?-GTCG TCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Tarasa.rhombifolia GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-GAAAA -TG-AAAAGA GT-GC-AYGT -TGCT-GTTG CCGTCCC-GT A-CGC Tarasa.thyrsoidea GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACKT -TGYT-GTCG TYGCCCC-GT A-CGC Tarasa.trisecta GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-GAAAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT -TGCT-GTTG CCATCCC-GT A-CGC Tetrasida.chachapoyensis GGC-GTGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---AAA ATT-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGC -TACT-GTCG CCGACCC-GT T-CGC Tetrasida.weberbaueri GGC-GCGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AATT---GAA ATG-AAAAGA GT-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCG CCTACCC-GT T-CGC Thespesia.lampas GGC-GCGAAT CGCGCCAAGG AATC---GAA AAGAAAAAGG GGGGC-ACGT CTCCC-GTCG CCGCACC-GC C-CGC Urocarpidium.albiflorum GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT-AAAAA ATG--AAAGA GT-GC-ACGT CTGCT-GTCG TCATCCC-GT T-CGC Wissadula.boliviana GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT----AA AAA-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-CTCG CCAACCC-GT T-CGC
114
Wissadula.cruziana GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT----AA AAA-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-CTCG CCAACCC-GT T-CGC Wissadula.periplocifolia GGC-GCGAAT TGCGCCAAGG AATT---AAA ATG-AAAAGA GG-GC-ACGT -TACT-GTCG CCGACCC-GT T-CGC 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 375 Abutilon.andrewsianum GGTGT-TCGT --GC-GGGAG TTTC---GCT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Abutilon.pubistamineum GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGGAG TGTC---GCT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTGAAT- A-TAC---GT CGCCCCC--A CCAAA Abutilon.sp. GGTGT-TTGT --GA-GGGAG TGTC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT TGCCCCC--A TCAAA Acaulimalva.alismatifolia GGTGT-TTGT --GT-GACAG CGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCCT-A TCAAA Acaulimalva.dryadifolia GGTGT-TTGT --GT-GACAG CGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCC-T-A TCAAA Alcea.rosea GGTGT-TTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAT---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- --TACATCGT CGCCCCA--A TCAAA Alcea.rugosa GGTGT-TTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TAC---GT CGCCCCA--A TCAAA Allosidastrum.pyramidatum GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GACAG TATC---GTT G-CCACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TA---TGT CGCCCCC--C TCAAT Allowissadula.holosericea GGTGT-GTGT --GC-GGTAG TATC---GTT G-CCACTTCT GTCGTGAAA- ATACG----T CGCCCCC--A CCAAT Anisodontea.capensis GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TA---CGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Anoda.crenatiflora GGTGTACTGT --GC-GGGAG CGTC---GCT G-CTTCTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TAC---GT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Bakeridesia.gloriosa GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGGAG TGTC---GCT G-CTTCCTCT GTCGTGAAA- A-TATATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Bastardia.bivalvis GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGGAG TGTC---GTT G-ACACTT-T GTCGTGAAT- A-TAAATCGT CGCCCCA--A TCAAA Bastardiastrum.cinctum GGTGT-ATGT --GC-GGCAG TGTC---GCT G-CTTCTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TATATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Bastardiopsis.densiflora GGAGT-TTGT --GC-GGGAG TGTC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Batesimalva.violacea GGTGT-GCGT --GC-RTCAG TGTC---RCT G-CTRCTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Billieturnera.helleri GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGGAG TGTC---GCT G-CC-CTTCT GTCGTGAAA- A-AACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Briquetia.sonorae GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGCAG TGTC---GAT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCA--A TCAAA Callirhoe.digitata GGTGT-MTGT --GT-GGTAT TGAT---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TATATTGT TGCCCAC--A TCAAA Callirhoe.involucrata GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGTAT TGAT---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TATATTGT TGCCCAC--A TCAAA Calyculogygas.uruguayensis GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Corynabutilon.vitifolium GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGCAG TGTC---GTT G-CAACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TAC---GT CGCCCCCCAG TCAAA Cristaria.andicola GGTGA-TCGT --GC-GGCAC AGAC---GAT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTTAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAG Dendrosida.breedlovei GGTGT-ATGT --GA-GGCGG TGAC---GCT G-CTACCTTT GTCGCGAAA- ACAC----GT CGCCCCC--A TCCAT Dendrosida.wingfieldi GGTGT-ATGT --GA-GGCGG TGAC---GCT G-CTACCTTT GTCGCGAAA- A-------GT CGCCCCC--A TCCAT Dirhamphis sp. GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGCAG TGTC---GAT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCA--A TCAAA Eremalche.exilis GGTGT-ATGT --GT-GGCAT AGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATTGT CGCCCCC--A TTAAA Eremalche.parryi GGTGT-ATGT --GT-GGCAT AGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATTGT CGCCCCC--A TTAAA Fryxellia.pygmaea GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGTGG TGAC---GTT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Fuertesimalva.jacens GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GGTAG TGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- C-TACATCGT CGCCCCCA-A TCAAA Fuertesimalva.limensis GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GGTAG TGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTCAAA- C-TACATCGT CGCCCCCA-A TCAAA Gaya.atiquipana GGTGT-TTGT --GC-TGTAG TGAC---GCT G-CCGCTTTT GTCGTTATA- A-TACATCGT CGTCCCC--T TCAAA Gaya.calyptrata GGTGT-TTGT --GC-AGTAG TGAC---GCT G-CCACTTTT GTCGTTAAA- A-TAC---GT CGCCCCC--T TCAAA Gossypium.hirsutum GGTGT-CGAT --GC-TTCAG TGAT---GTT G-TT-CTCTT GTCGCAAAAT A-TAC---GT CGCCCCC--A TCCAA Hochreutinera.amplexifolia GGTGT-TTGC --GC-GGCAG TGTC---GAT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCA--A TCAAA Hoheria sp. GGTGT-ACGT --GC-AGCAG TGGC---GCT G-CTACTCTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Horsfordia.exsita GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGGAG TGTC---GTT G-CTTCTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TATATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCTTA Howittia.trilocularis GGTGT-CCGT --GC-GACAG AGGG---GTG G-CTGCCTT- GTTGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A CCCAA Iliamna.bakeri2 GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGTAG AGAC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTAAAA- A-TACATCGT TGCCCCC--A TTAAA Iliamna.latibrac.2B GGCGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGGC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TTAAA Iliamna.remota GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TTTATTGT CGCCCC---A TCAAA Iliamna.rivularis GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TTTATTGT CGCCCC---A TCAAA Kearnemalvastrum.lacteum GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG CGAC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Kearnemalvastrum.sp GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG CGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Kitaibela.vitifolia GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAAA --T--A-CGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Krapovickasia.physaloides CTTAA-CTGT CCGTCGGCAG TGAC---GCC GCC-ACTTCT GTCGTGAAA- A-TAC---GT CGTCCAC--A --AAA Lavatera.arborea ---------- -----GGCAG CGAG---GAT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TA---CGT TGCCCCC--A TCAAA Lavatera.occidentalis ---------- -----GGCAG CGAG---GGC G-TCGCTCTC GTCGTGAAA- A-TAC---GT CGCCCCC--G TCAAA Lavatera.trimestris ---------- -----GGCAG CGAG---GAT G-TCACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TAAATCGT TGCCCCC--A TCAAT Lecanophora.chubutensis GGTGA-TCGT --GC-GACGC TGAC---GAT GCC-ACTTTT GTCGTTAAT- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCCC-A TCAAT
115
Lecanophora.heterophylla GGTGA-TCGT --TT-GACAG CGAC---GGT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTTAAA- A-TACATTGT CGCCCCC--A CCAAT Malacothamnus.chilensis GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GGCAG TGAC---GTT ----ACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Malacothamnus.fasciculatus GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAT Malope sp. GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCGG CGAC---GGT G-TTACTTCT GTCGTGAAAA A-TAA--CGT TGCCCCC--A CCAAA Malva.assurgentea ---------- -----GGCAG CGAG---GGC G-TCGCTCTC GTCGTGAAA- A-TAAATCGT CGCCCCC--G TCAAA Malva.dendromorpha ---------- -----GGCAA CAAA---CAC G-TCACTCTC GTCGTGAAA- A-TAAATCGT CGCCCCC--G TCAAA Malva.linnei ---------- -----GGCAG CGAG---GGC G-TCACTCTC GTCGTGAAA- A-TTAATCGT CGCCCCC--G TCAAA Malva.nicaensis ---------- -----GGCAG CGAG---GGC G-TCACTCTC GTCGTGAAA- A-TTC---GT CGCCCCC--G TCAAA Malva.wigandii ---------- -----GGCAG CGAG---GAT G-TCACTCTA GTCGTGAAA- A-TAAATCGT CGCCCCC--G TCAAA Malvastrum.amblyphyllum GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCATA Malvastrum.americanum GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Malvastrum.coromandelianum GGTGT-ATGC --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTAAAA- A-TAC---GT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Malvella.sagittifolia GGTGT-CTAT --GC-GATGG TGTC---GTT G-TCACTTTT GT-GTAAAA- A-TAC---GT CGCCCCC--A TCAAT Meximalva.filipes GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGCAG TGTTCTAGTT GCC-ACTTTT GTCGTAAAT- A-TA---TGT CGCCCCC--A CTAAA Modiola.caroliniana GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Modiolastrum.lateritium GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGGC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Monteiroa.glomerata GGTGT-CCGC --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Napaea.dioica GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TAC---GT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Navaea.phoenicea ---------- -----GGCAG TGAG---GAT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TAC---GT TGCCCCC--A TCAAA Neobrittonia.acerifolia GGTGT-ACGT --GC-GGCAG CGTC---GCT G-CTTCTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Nototriche.anthemidifolia GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GACAG TGAT----TT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Nototriche.flabellata GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GACAG TGAT----TT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Nototriche.pedicularifolia GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GACAG TGAT----TT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT TGCCCCC--A TCAAA Palaua.camanensis GGGTT-TTGT --GA-GGCAG TGAC---GTT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Palaua.rhombifolia GGGTT-TTGT --GA-GGCAG TGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Periptera.punicea GGTGT-ATGT --GC-GGGAG TGTC---GCT G-CTTCTTCT GTCGTKAAA- G-TATATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Phymosia.umbellata GGTGT-ATGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCAT--A TCAAA Pseudabutilon.umbellatum GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GAGAG TGTC---GCT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTTAAA- GATA----CG TCGCCCC--A TCTAC Rhynchosida.physocalyx GGTGT-AAGT --CG-GGCAG TGAC---GCC GCC-ACTTCT GTCGTGAAA- A-TAC----T CGTC-CC--A CAAAA Robinsonella sp. GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGCAG TGTC---GCT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- T-TATATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAGA Sida.abutifolia GGTGT-ATGT --GC-AGCAG TGAC---GTT G-CTACCTTT GTCGTGAAT- A-TA---CGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Sida.aggregata GGTGT-ATGT --TA-GGCAG TGAC---GAT G-CTACCTTT GTCGTGAAT- A-TA---CGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Sida.fibulifera GGTGT-TTGT --TC-GACAG TGTC---GCT GCTTTCTTTT GTCGTGAAT- A-TAC----T CGCCCCC--A CCAAA Sida.hermaphrodita GGTGT-ACGT --GC-AGCAG CGGC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TAC---GT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Sida.hookeriana GGTGT-ACGT --GC-AGCAG TGGC---GCT G-CTACTCTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TAC---GT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Sida.jussieana GGTGT-TTGT --GA-GGCAG TGAC---GCT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- T-AA---CGT CGCCCCA--A TCTAA Sida.linifolia GGTGT-ATGT --GT-GGCAG TGGC---GTT G-CTACCTTT GTCGTGAAT- A-TA---CGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Sida.longipes GGTGT-GTGT --GA-GGCAG TGAC---GCT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTCAAA- A-TA---CGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Sida.odorata GGTGT-ATGT --GA-GGCAG TGGC---GCT G-CTACCTTT GTCGTGAAT- A-TA---CGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Sida.oligandra GGTGT-CAGT --TC-GGCAG TGAT---GCT G-CCACCTTT GTTGTTAAA- A-AAC---GT CGCCCAC--A TCAAA Sida.platycalyx GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGCAG TGTC---GCT G-CTACTTTT GACGTGAAT- A-TT---CGT CGCCCCC--A CCAAA Sida.xantii GGTGT-ATGT --GA-GGCAG TGAC---GTT G-CTACCTTT GTCGTGAAT- A-AA---CGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAG Sidalcea.cusickii GGTGT-ATGT --GT-GGCAG TGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A ATAAA Sidalcea.hirsuta GGTGT-ATGT --GT-GGCAG TGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATTGT CGCCCCC--A ATAAA Sidalcea.multifida GGTGT-ATGT --GT-GGCAG TGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A ATAAA Sidalcea.stipularis GGTGT-TTGT --GT-GGTAG TGAT---GTT G-ATACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATTGT TGCCCCC--A ATAAA Sidasodes.colombiana GGTGC-TCGT --GT-GACAG TGAC---GTT G-CTACTTTT GTCGTTAAAA A-TAC---GT CGCCCCC--C TCAAA Sidastrum.paniculatum GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GGCAG TGTC--AGTT GCC-ACTTTT GTCGTAAAT- A-TAT---GT CGCCCCC--A CTAAA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GGCAG TGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGATA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAG Sphaeralcea.crispa GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGATA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAG Sphaeralcea.philippiana GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGATA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAG Sphaeralcea.wrightii GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GGCAG TGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Tarasa.albertii GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GGCAG TGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA
116
Tarasa.humilis GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GGCAG CGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Tarasa.machupicchensis GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC------ G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Tarasa.mandonii GGTGT-CTGT --GT-GGCAG TGAC---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCCAA Tarasa.operculata GGTGT-YTGT --RC-GACAG TGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAC Tarasa.rhombifolia GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GACAG TGAT---GTT G-WTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Tarasa.thyrsoidea GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GACAG TGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATTGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAC Tarasa.trisecta GGTGT-TTGT --GC-GACAG TGAT---GTT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Tetrasida.chachapoyensis GGTGT-ATGT --GC-GGGAG TGTC---GCT G-CTTCTCTT GTCGTTAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Tetrasida.weberbaueri GGTGT-GTGT --GC-GGTAG TACC---GTT G-CTACTTCT GTCGTGAAA- --TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A CCAAA Thespesia.lampas GGTGC-CGGT --GC-TTCGG GGAC---GAC G-TC-CTCCG GTCGCAAAAT AATACATCGT CGCCCCC--C TCCAA Urocarpidium.albiflorum GGTGT-CTGT --GC-GGCAG CAAC---GCT G-TTACTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCCA-A TCAAA Wissadula.boliviana GGTGT-ATGT --GC-GGGAG TGTC---GCT G-CTTCTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Wissadula.cruziana GGTGT-ATGT --GC-GGGAG TGTC---GCT G-CTTCTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA Wissadula.periplocifolia GGTGT-ATGT --GC-GGTAG TGTC---GCT G-CTTCTTTT GTCGTGAAA- A-TACATCGT CGCCCCC--A TCAAA 385 395 405 415 425 435 445 450 Abutilon.andrewsianum CCTCGAG-T- --TTA--TTC AGC-TCAGGT -CAAAT--TG AGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ATCGC Abutilon.pubistamineum CCTCGAG-C- ---TA--TT- GGC-TAAGGT -CAA-T--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGT Abutilon.sp. CCTCGAG-C- --TTA--TTC GGC-TCAGGT -CAAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGT Acaulimalva.alismatifolia CCCTGAG-C- ---CC--TCG AGC-TACGGT -TGAATATTG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Acaulimalva.dryadifolia CCCTGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-TACGGT -TGAATATTG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Alcea.rosea CCCTAAG-C- ---CA--TCG CGC-TACGGT -TGCAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCTTGTGCTC ACCGC Alcea.rugosa CCCTAAG-C- ---CC--TCG CGC-TACGGT -TGCAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Allosidastrum.pyramidatum CTCTGAG-T- ---CT-ATTG GC--TAAGGT -CAATT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGTGCTC ACTGC Allowissadula.holosericea CCCCGTG-T- ---CT--TAC AGC-ACAACG TTGTAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Anisodontea.capensis CTCTGAG-C- ---CC--TTG GGC-TACGGT -TGCAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Anoda.crenatiflora CC-CGAG-C- --AAT--TTA TGC-TCGGGA -CGTTT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCTTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Bakeridesia.gloriosa CC-CGAG-C- --TCT--TCC GGT-TCAGGT -CAATT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Bastardia.bivalvis CCTCGAG-C- ---TT-ACCC GGC-TCAGGT -CAGTTT-TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCCTGCGCTC ACCGT Bastardiastrum.cinctum CCCGAGCTC- ------TTTC GGC-TCAGGT -CAATA--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Bastardiopsis.densiflora CCTCGAG-C- --TTA--CTC GGC-TCAGGT -CAGTT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGT Batesimalva.violacea CCCCGAG-C- ---CT--TCG GGC-TCAGTT -TGGAT--TG TGAG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACTGC Billieturnera.helleri TCTCGAG-C- ---TC-TTAT GGC-TCAGGT -CAAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Briquetia.sonorae CCTCGAG-T- ---CT--TTC GGC-TCAGTT -T-TAT--TG TGAG-C-GGA GAATGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Callirhoe.digitata CCTTTAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGT-TATGGA -TGAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGTGCTC ATCGC Callirhoe.involucrata CCTTTAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGT-TATGGA -CAAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGTGCTC ATCGC Calyculogygas.uruguayensis CCCTTGG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Corynabutilon.vitifolium CCCTGAG-C- ---CC-TCGG G---TCAGGG -TGAACG-TG TGGG-CATGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGTGCTC A-CGC Cristaria.andicola CCCTAAG-C- ---CC--CAG AGC-TAAGGT -TGAAG--TG TGGG-T-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Dendrosida.breedlovei CCTCAAG-C- ---CT--TTT GGC-AAATGA -GGAAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGCCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ATCGC Dendrosida.wingfieldi CCTCAAG-C- ---CT--TTT GGC-AAATGA -GGAAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC GCCGC Dirhamphis sp. CCTCGAG-T- ---CT--TTC GGC-TCAGTT -T-TAT--TG TGAG-C-GGA GAATGGCTTC CCGCGCGCTC ACCGC Eremalche.exilis ACCTAAGAC- ---CC--TCG GTC-TAAGGT -TATAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCCTC CCGTGTGYTC ATCGT Eremalche.parryi ACCTAAGAC- ---CC--TCG GTC-TAAGGT -TATAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCCTC CCGTGTGCTC ATCGT Fryxellia.pygmaea CCTTGAG-C- ---CC-TTGG GCA--CAGGT -CGAAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Fuertesimalva.jacens TC-TCAG-C- ---CC--TCC GGC-TGCG-T -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Fuertesimalva.limensis TC-TCAG-C- ---CC--TCC GGC-TGCG-T -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Gaya.atiquipana CCTCGAG-C- ---CT--CTC GGC-TCAGGT -GAAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ATCGC Gaya.calyptrata CCTCGAG-C- ---CT--CTC GGC-TCAGGT -GAAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ATCGC Gossypium.hirsutum CCATGAG-C- ---CCTCGAG C---CTCGGT -TGGAC--CG CGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACAGC Hochreutinera.amplexifolia CCTCGAG-T- ---CT--TTC GGC-TCAGTT -T-TAT--TG TGAG-C-GGA GAATGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Hoheria sp. CCCCGAG-C- ---CA-C-GG GC--TACGGG GTGGAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Horsfordia.exsita CC-CGAG-C- --TGT--TTY GGC-TCGACA -CGATT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGAGCTM ACCGC Howittia.trilocularis CCTGTAG-C- ---CCTCGTG A---TACGGT -TGAGG--TG TGGG-T-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGTGCTT GTTGC
117
Iliamna.bakeri2 CCCTAAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-TATGGT -TGAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Iliamna.latibrac.2B CCCTAAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCCAC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Iliamna.remota CATTGAG-C- ---CC--TTG GGC-TACGGT -TGTAA--TG TGGG-C-GGA AAATGGCCTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Iliamna.rivularis CACTGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-TACGGT -TGTAA--TC TGGG-C-GGA AATTGTCCTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Kearnemalvastrum.lacteum CCCTGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Kearnemalvastrum.sp CCCTGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAC--TA TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Kitaibela.vitifolia CCCTGAGC-- ---CC--TTG GCG-TACGGT -TGCAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGTGCTT ACCGC Krapovickasia.physaloides CCTCGAG-C- ---CT--AAG TGC-TCGGGT -CGAAG--CG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACTGC Lavatera.arborea CCACGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-CAAGAT -TGATG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGACCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Lavatera.occidentalis CCCCGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-CGGGAT -CGACG--CG CGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Lavatera.trimestris CCTCGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-CACGAT -TGATG--CG CGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Lecanophora.chubutensis CCCTGAG-C- ---CC--TAG GGC-CAAGGT -TGAAG--CG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Lecanophora.heterophylla CCTTGAG-C- ---CC--CAG GGC-CAAGGC -CGAAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC AACGC Malacothamnus.chilensis ACCTAAG-C- ---CC--TTG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTA ACCGC Malacothamnus.fasciculatus CCCTGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAW--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Malope sp. CCATAAC-C- ---CA--TCG GGC-TATGGT -TGAAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Malva.assurgentea CCCCGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-CGGGAT -CGACG--CG CGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Malva.dendromorpha CCCCGAG-C- ---CC--TAG GGC-CGGGAT -TGACG--CG CGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Malva.linnei CCCCGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-CGGGAT -CGACG--CG CGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCAC ACCGC Malva.nicaensis CCCCGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-CGGGAT -CGACG--CG CGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCAC ACCGC Malva.wigandii CCCCGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-CGGGAT -TGATG--CG CGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Malvastrum.amblyphyllum CCCTAAG-C- ---CC--TTG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Malvastrum.americanum CCCTAAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Malvastrum.coromandelianum CCCTAAG-C- ---CC--TCG GCG-TACGGT -TGAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Malvella.sagittifolia C--TTAC-C- ---CT-AAGG GT--TTAGTT -TGTAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Meximalva.filipes CCTCGAG-C- ---CT--AAA AGC-TCGAGA -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGTTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Modiola.caroliniana CCCTGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Modiolastrum.lateritium CCCTTAT-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Monteiroa.glomerata CCCTGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-AACGGT -TGAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Napaea.dioica CCCTGAG-C- ---CC--TCG GG--TACGGA -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Navaea.phoenicea CCCTGAG-C- ---CC--TTG GGC-TACGGT -TGATG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Neobrittonia.acerifolia CCCCGAG-C- ---CT--TTC GGC-CGGGTG -TGAAT--CG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Nototriche.anthemidifolia CCATTAT-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-AACGGT -TTAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGTCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Nototriche.flabellata CCATTAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-AACGGT -TTAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGTCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Nototriche.pedicularifolia CCATTAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-AACGGT -TTAAY--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Palaua.camanensis CCCTCAG-C- ---CC--TAG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGAGCTC ACCGC Palaua.rhombifolia CCCTCAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Periptera.punicea CCCT-AG-C- --AAT--TTC TGC-TCAGGG -CTATC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Phymosia.umbellata CCTTAAG-CC TAACC--TTG GGC-TACGGT -TTAAC---G TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGAGCTC ATCGC Pseudabutilon.umbellatum CGTCGAG-C- --TCA--TTG GGC-TCAGGT -CAATT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGTGCTC ATCGC Rhynchosida.physocalyx CCTCGAG-C- ---CT--AAG TGC-TCGGGT -CGAAG--CG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Robinsonella sp. CCTCGAG-C- ---CT--GTG GGC-TCAGGT -CGAAA--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGATC ATATC Sida.abutifolia CCTCAAG-C- ---CT--TTG GGC-AAATGT -GGAAG--TG TGGGGC-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Sida.aggregata CCTCAAA-C- ---CT--TTG GGA-AAAGGT -GGAAA--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGAGCTC AC-GC Sida.fibulifera CCTCTAG-C- ---CT--AAA AGC-TCGGGT -TGAAA--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACC-- Sida.hermaphrodita CTCCAAG-C- ---CA-CG-- GG-CTATGGG -TGGAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCG- Sida.hookeriana CCCCAAG-C- ---CA-CT-G GC--TATGGG ATGGAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC A-CGC Sida.jussieana CCCTGGG-C- ---CC-TT-C GGC-TCAGAT -AGAAG--TG AGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Sida.linifolia CCTCAAG-C- ---CT--TTG TGC-GAAGGT -GAAAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Sida.longipes CCTCAAG-C- ---CT--TTG GGC-AAAGAG -GGAAG--TG TGTGGC-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Sida.odorata C--------- ---------- --C-TCAG-T -GAAATG-TG TGGG-C-GGA AACTGGCTTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Sida.oligandra CCTCGAA-C- ---CT-TTT- GGC-TCAGTG -TTAAA--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGTTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Sida.platycalyx CCTCGAG-C- ---CT--AAA AGC-TCGGGT -TGAAA--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCC- Sida.xantii CCTCAAG-C- ---CT--TTG GGC-AAAGGT -GGAAG--TG TTGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGAGCTC ACCGC
118
Sidalcea.cusickii TCCTAAG-C- ---CC--TAG GGC-TATGGT -TTAGT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGTCTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Sidalcea.hirsuta TCCTAAG-C- ---CC--TAG GGC-TATTGT -TTAGT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Sidalcea.multifida TCCTAAG-C- ---CC--TAG GGC-TATGGT -TTAGT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGTCTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Sidalcea.stipularis CTC------- ---------- ----TAAGGT -TTAAC--TG AGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGTGCTC ATCGC Sidasodes.colombiana --------C- ---CC--TCG GG--TACGGG -TGTAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC A-CGC Sidastrum.paniculatum CCT-GAG-C- ---CT--AAA AGC-TGAGAT -GGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGTTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Sphaeralcea.angustifolia CCATTAG-T- ---CC--TCG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAC--TC TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Sphaeralcea.cordobensis CCATTAG-T- ---CT--TCG GGC-TATGGT -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Sphaeralcea.crispa CCATTAG-T- ---CT--TYG GGC-TATGGT -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Sphaeralcea.philippiana CCATTAG-T- ---CT--TCG GGC-TATGGT -TGAAC--TG YGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Sphaeralcea.wrightii CCATTAG-T- ---CC--TCG GGC-TATGGT -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Tarasa.albertii CCATTAG-C- ---CC--TCG TGC-TACGGT -TGAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Tarasa.humilis CCATTAG-C- ---CC--TCG TGC-TATGGT -TGATT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Tarasa.machupicchensis CCCTAAG-C- ---CC--TTG GGC-TACGGT -TGAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Tarasa.mandonii CCCTWAG-C- ---CC--TTG GGC-TATGGT -TGAAT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Tarasa.operculata CCATTAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-AAYAGT -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGTGCTC ACCGC Tarasa.rhombifolia CCATTAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-AACGGT -TGARC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Tarasa.thyrsoidea CCATTAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-AACAGT -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGYGCTC ACCGC Tarasa.trisecta CCATTAG-C- ---CC--TCG GGC-AACGGT -TGAAY--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Tetrasida.chachapoyensis CCC-GAG-C- ---TC-TTTT GGC-TAAGGT -CATTT--GG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Tetrasida.weberbaueri CCCCGGG-T- ---CT--TAC GGC-TCAGGT -TGAAG--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Thespesia.lampas CCC------- ---------- ------CGGT -TGGAC--TG CGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGCGCGCTC GGTGC Urocarpidium.albiflorum CCCTCAG-T- ---CC--TCG GGC-TGCGGT -TGAAC--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCCTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC Wissadula.boliviana -CCTGAG-C- ---TC-TTTG TAC-TTAGGT -CATTT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC AAGGC Wissadula.cruziana -CCTGAG-C- ---TC-TTTR TRC-TTAGGT -CATTT--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC AMGGC Wissadula.periplocifolia ACC-GAG-C- ---TC-TTTT TGC-TCAGGT -CATTA--TG TGGG-C-GGA AATTGGCTTC CCGTGCGCTC ACCGC 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 525 Abutilon.andrewsianum GT-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Abutilon.pubistamineum GC-TCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCG-AC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Abutilon.sp. GC-GCGGCTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTTTT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC AACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Acaulimalva.alismatifolia TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TA-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATTA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Acaulimalva.dryadifolia TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TA-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATTA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Alcea.rosea TC-ATGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TTTG-GTCCT C-GGCGATGA AT-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TTAAT Alcea.rugosa TC-ATGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TTTG-GTCCT C-GGCGATGA AT-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TTAAT Allosidastrum.pyramidatum CT-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-ACGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--A Allowissadula.holosericea TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCCT CCGGCGATGA AC-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TA--T Anisodontea.capensis TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Anoda.crenatiflora TC-GCG-TTG GCCT-AAA-A TC-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATTA CG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC AT--C Bakeridesia.gloriosa TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AC-GAGTCTT C-GGCAATTT AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC AT--T Bastardia.bivalvis GC-ACGGTTA GCCT-AAA-A AT-GTGTCTT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACGA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Bastardiastrum.cinctum TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AY-GAGTCTA C-GGCGATTT AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC AT--C Bastardiopsis.densiflora GC-CCGGTTA GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Batesimalva.violacea TT-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- AC-GAGTCCT C-GGCGAACA AG-TGCT-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TC--T Billieturnera.helleri TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCAT C-GGCGATAA AG-TGCC-AC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAAATGC TT--G Briquetia.sonorae TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--C Callirhoe.digitata TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-- TTCGGATCCT T-GGCGATGT AG-TGTC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Callirhoe.involucrata TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-- TTTGGGTCCT ?-GGCGATGT AG-TGTC-GC GACAAATCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Calyculogygas.uruguayensis TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Corynabutilon.vitifolium TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A TC-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Cristaria.andicola TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TC-GGGTCTT C-GGCTATGA AG-CGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Dendrosida.breedlovei TC-GCGGTTG GCCC-AAA-- TATAAGTCCT C-GGCGATAA CG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TC--T Dendrosida.wingfieldi TC-GCG-TTG GCCC-AAA-- TATAAGTCCT C-GGCGAT-A AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TC--T
119
Dirhamphis sp. TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACGA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--C Eremalche.exilis TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--C Eremalche.parryi TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--C Fryxellia.pygmaea TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-- TACGAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TC--T Fuertesimalva.jacens TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Fuertesimalva.limensis TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Gaya.atiquipana TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATCA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Gaya.calyptrata TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A TT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATCA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Gossypium.hirsutum CA-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-T TC-GAGTCCT C-GACGACAT CA-TCGTCGC GACGA-TCGG TGGTAA-TGC TG--C Hochreutinera.amplexifolia TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--C Hoheria sp. TC-GCGGTTG GCAT-AAA-A TC-GAGTCAT C-GGCGATAA TG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TG--T Horsfordia.exsita TT-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-G AT-GAGTCTT T-GGCGATTT AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC AT--T Howittia.trilocularis TA-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A TC-GAGTCTT C-GACGATGG TA-ACATCGC GACGA-TCGC TGGTAA-TGC CT--A Iliamna.bakeri2 TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Iliamna.latibrac.2B TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GACGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Iliamna.remota TT-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-TGTAATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC ATT-T Iliamna.rivularis TT-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGTAATGA GG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TTT-T Kearnemalvastrum.lacteum TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AAGTGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Kearnemalvastrum.sp TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Kitaibela.vitifolia ACACGCGGTT GGCCAAAAA- TCTGAGCGAT T-GGATGACG ---TCCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGTGAA--- TT--C Krapovickasia.physaloides T--GCGGTTG GCCTTAAAA- AT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATGA AG-CGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-CGC TC--C Lavatera.arborea TC-GCGGTTG GTCT-AAA-- TTCGAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC CT--T Lavatera.occidentalis TC-GCGGTTG GTCT-AAA-- TTCGAGTCCT C-GGCGATGG AG-CGCC-GC GACGC-TCGG TGGGAA-CGC CT--T Lavatera.trimestris TC-GCGGTTG GTCT-AAA-- TTCGAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Lecanophora.chubutensis TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TC-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-CGCC-GC GACAA-CCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Lecanophora.heterophylla TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TC-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TG--T Malacothamnus.chilensis TC-GCGGCTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAT-TGC TT--T Malacothamnus.fasciculatus TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TC-GAGTCCT C-GGCTATGA AG-TGCC-AC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC AT--T Malope sp. TTCGCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-- TCTGAGTCCT A-GGCGATGA AGGCGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TC--T Malva.assurgentea TC-GCGGTTG GTCT-AAA-- TTCTAGTCCT C-GGCGATGG AG-CGCC-GC GACGA-TCGG TGGGAA-CGC CT--T Malva.dendromorpha TC-GCGGTTG GTCT-AAA-- TTCGAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-CGCC-GC GACGA-TCGG TGGGAA-CGC CT--T Malva.linnei TC-GCGGTTG GTCC-AAA-- TTCGAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-------- ---------- ---------- ----- Malva.nicaensis TC-GCGGTTG GTCT-AAA-- TTCGAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-CGCC-GC GACGA-TCGG TGGGAA-CGC CT--T Malva.wigandii TC-GCGGTTG GTCT-AAA-- TTCGAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-CGCC-GC GACGA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Malvastrum.amblyphyllum TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Malvastrum.americanum TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-- TTTGAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TA--T Malvastrum.coromandelianum TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TC-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Malvella.sagittifolia TC-ACGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A TT-GAATCCT C-GGCGATAA AG-TGCC-AA GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--A Meximalva.filipes TC-GCG-TTG GCCT-AAAA- AT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGA-AA CG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Modiola.caroliniana TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Modiolastrum.lateritium TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGTC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Monteiroa.glomerata TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Napaea.dioica TT-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Navaea.phoenicea TC-GCGGTTG GTCT-AAA-- TTTGAGTCCT T-GGCGA--- AT-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Neobrittonia.acerifolia TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAG- AT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGAACA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TC--T Nototriche.anthemidifolia TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TC-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGYC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Nototriche.flabellata TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TC-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Nototriche.pedicularifolia TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TM-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Palaua.camanensis TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Palaua.rhombifolia TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Periptera.punicea CC-GCGGTTG GCCC-AAA-A AT-GAGTCTA T-GGCGATTA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC AT--C Phymosia.umbellata TC-GTGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GATTCCT C-AGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--A Pseudabutilon.umbellatum TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GGCAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Rhynchosida.physocalyx TC-GCG-TTG GCCT-AAAA- AT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATGA AG-CGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-CGC TC--C
120
Robinsonella sp. TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sida.abutifolia TT-GCG-TTG GCCC-AAA-- TATAAGACCT C-GGCGATAA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sida.aggregata TC-GCCGTTG GCCC-AAA-- TATAAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-CGC TT--T Sida.fibulifera TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- AA-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATAA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sida.hermaphrodita TC-GCG-TTG GCAT-AAA-A TC-GAGTCAT C-GGCGATAA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TG--T Sida.hookeriana TC-GCGGTTG GCAT-AAA-A TC-GAGTCAT C-GGCGATAA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TG--T Sida.jussieana TC-GTGGTTG GCCT-AAA-T AT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sida.linifolia TC-GCGGTTG GCCC-AAA-- TATAAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGTC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-CGC TT--T Sida.longipes TC-GCGGTTG GCCC-AAA-- TATAAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TA--T Sida.odorata TC-GCG-TTG GCCC-AAA-- TATAAGTC-T C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-CGC TT--T Sida.oligandra TC-GCG-TTG GCCT-AAA-A -T-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATTA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--C Sida.platycalyx TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- AA-GAGTCTT C-GGCGATAA TG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sida.xantii TC-GCG-TTG GCCC-AAA-- TGTAAGTCCT C-GGCTGAGA AT-TGCC-GC GACGA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sidalcea.cusickii TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sidalcea.hirsuta TC-GYGGTTG GCTT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGTTGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sidalcea.multifida TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sidalcea.stipularis TC-GTGGTTG GCTT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT T-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sidasodes.colombiana TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-- TTTGAGTCTT C-GGCGATGA GG-TGCC-TC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAT-TGC TT--T Sidastrum.paniculatum TC---GGTTG GCCT-AAAA- AT-GAGTCTT C-GGCGA-AA CG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGAKKA AG-TGCC-RC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sphaeralcea.crispa TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATCA AG-TGCY-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sphaeralcea.philippiana TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATSA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Sphaeralcea.wrightii TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Tarasa.albertii TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-CGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Tarasa.humilis TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-AC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--A Tarasa.machupicchensis TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAT-TGC TT--T Tarasa.mandonii TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAT-TGC TT--T Tarasa.operculata TC-ACGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TC-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Tarasa.rhombifolia TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TC-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAT-TGC TT--C Tarasa.thyrsoidea TC-ACGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TC-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Tarasa.trisecta TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TC-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Tetrasida.chachapoyensis TT-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AC-GAGTCTT C-GGCGAATA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TC--T Tetrasida.weberbaueri TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACGA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Thespesia.lampas TA-CCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-T TC-GAGTCCT C-GAAGACGG CA-TCGTCAC GACGA-TCGG TGGTGA-CGC CATCC Urocarpidium.albiflorum TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAAA- TT-GAGTCCT C-GGCGATGA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Wissadula.boliviana TC-GCGGTTT GCCT-AAA-A AC-GAGTCTT C-GGCGAATA AG-TGCC-AC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Wissadula.cruziana TC-GCGGTTT GCCT-AAA-A AC-GAGTCTT C-GGYGAATA AG-TGCC-AC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T Wissadula.periplocifolia TC-GCGGTTG GCCT-AAA-A AC-GAGTCTT C-GGCGAATA AG-TGCC-GC GACAA-TCGG TGGGAA-TGC TT--T 535 545 555 565 575 585 595 600 Abutilon.andrewsianum CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---TGGA-CC -CTAT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCACA Abutilon.pubistamineum CTGCT-GTCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---TTGA-CC -CTAT-GACC CTCTT-GGCA TCACA Abutilon.sp. CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TTGTGTGT-G CTCGTCGATT ---CGAA-CC -CTAT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCACA Acaulimalva.alismatifolia TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGTAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Acaulimalva.dryadifolia TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGTAG TCGTGTGCTG CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTCTTTGGCA TCGCA Alcea.rosea AAGCT-GCCT CG-TTAGTTA TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---TGGA-CC -CTTTTGACC CTTTT-GGCA TCACT Alcea.rugosa AAGCT-GCCT CG-TTAGTTA TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---TGGA-CC -CTTTTGACC CTTTT-GGCA TCACT Allosidastrum.pyramidatum TGGCT-GCCT C-TTTCGAAG TTGTGTGC-A CTCGTCGATT ---CTGA-TC TCT---GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Allowissadula.holosericea CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---CGGA-TC -TTAT-GACC CTTTCGTGCA TCGCA Anisodontea.capensis TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGCGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CT GTTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Anoda.crenatiflora AAGCA-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGCGTGT-G CTCGTCGAGT ---TGGA-CC -CCGT-GACC CTTATT-GCA TCGCA Bakeridesia.gloriosa GAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGCGTGT-G CTCGTCGAAT ---CGGA-CC -CTAT-GACC CTCTT-TGCA TCACA Bastardia.bivalvis TTGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTCGATT ---CTGA-CC -CTAT-GACC CATTT-GGCA TCACA
121
Bastardiastrum.cinctum CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGCGTGT-G CTCGTCGATT ---TGGA-CC -CTCA-GACC CTTTT-TGCA TCGCA Bastardiopsis.densiflora TTGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTCGATT ---TTGA-CA -CTAT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCACA Batesimalva.violacea CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGAGT-G CTCGCTGATT ---TGGA-CC -CTAT-GACC C-TGTTGGCA TCGCA Billieturnera.helleri TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGTAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGACGATT ---AGGA-CC -TTAT-GACC CTTCT-GGCA TCACA Briquetia.sonorae AAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G TTCGTCGATT ---AGAA-CA -TCAT-GACC CTTTT-TGCA TCACA Callirhoe.digitata TAGCA-GCCT CG-TTTGTAG TCGTGCTT-G CACGTTGATT ---AGGA-TC -CTCT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCATA Callirhoe.involucrata TAG?A-GCCT CG-TTTGTAG TCGTGTTT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-TC -CTTT-GACC ?TTTT-GGCA TCATA Calyculogygas.uruguayensis TGGCA-ACCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA CCGCA Corynabutilon.vitifolium CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-T CTCGTCGATT ---TGGA-CC -CTAT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Cristaria.andicola TAGCT-GYCT CG-TTCGTAG TCGTGTGT-G CTTGTTGAT- ---CGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTAT-GGCA TCGCT Dendrosida.breedlovei CAGCT-GTCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGGGT-A CTCGTCGATT ---CGGA-TC -TTGT-GACC CTT----GCA TCGCC Dendrosida.wingfieldi CAGCT-GTCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGGGT-A CTCGTCGATT ---CGGA-TC -TTGT-GACC CTTTT--GCA TCGCC Dirhamphis sp. AAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGYGTGC-G TTCGTCGATC ---AGAA-CA -TTAT-GACC CCTTTTTGCA TCACA Eremalche.exilis TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -GTCT-TACC CTTTT-GGCA CCGAA Eremalche.parryi TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-TACC CTTTT-GGCA CCGAA Fryxellia.pygmaea TGGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTCGATT ---CGGA-TC -TTAT-TACC CCATTTCGCA TTGCA Fuertesimalva.jacens TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA--T -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Fuertesimalva.limensis TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA--T -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Gaya.atiquipana CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTCAAAT ---AAGA-CA -TTAT-GACC CTGTT-AGCA TCTAA Gaya.calyptrata CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTCCAAT ---AGGA-CA -TTAT-GACC CTGTT-AGCA TCAAA Gossypium.hirsutum AAGCA-ACCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGCGC-G TCCGTCGATC ---GAGA-GA -TCGGTGGTA A--TGCTGCA A-GCA Hochreutinera.amplexifolia AAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G TTCGTCGATT ---AGAA-CA -TCAT-GACC CTTTTT-GCA TCACA Hoheria sp. CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---TGGA-CC -CTTT-GACC CTTCTT-GCA CCGCA Horsfordia.exsita CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGCGTGT-G CTCGTCGAAT ---TGGA-CC -CYAT-GACC CTCTT-TGCA TCGCA Howittia.trilocularis GAGCT-TCCA CG-TTCGGAG TCGCATGT-G CTCGTTGGTG ---AGGA-CC -TTG--GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Iliamna.bakeri2 TTGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGTG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Iliamna.latibrac.2B TTGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TTGCA Iliamna.remota AAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TTGTGTGC-A CTCGTTTATT ---AGGA-CC -TGTT-GACC CTTTCTGGCT TCGCA Iliamna.rivularis AAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TTGTGTGC-A CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -TGCT-GACC CTTTCTGGCT TCGCA Kearnemalvastrum.lacteum TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TTGCA Kearnemalvastrum.sp TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Kitaibela.vitifolia AAACT-GCCT CG-TCA--TA TCGTCGG--- -TCGTTCCGG TCCAAAAGCT CTCGATGACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Krapovickasia.physaloides AAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGCGTGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---TGGA-CC -CTTACGACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Lavatera.arborea CGGCT-GCCT CG-TACGGAG TCGCGTGC-C CTCGTTGATC ---GGGA-CG -CTCTTGACC CTTCTCGGCA TCGCA Lavatera.occidentalis TGGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGCGCGC-G TTCGTCGATC ---GGGA-CG -CTTTCGACC CTTTAAGGCA TCGCG Lavatera.trimestris TGGCT-GCCT CG-TACGGAG TCGCGCGC-G CTCGTTGATC ---GGGA-AG -CTCTTGACC TTTC-CGGCA TCGCA Lecanophora.chubutensis TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGTAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---CGGA-CC -TTCA-GACC CTTTT-GGCA CCGCA Lecanophora.heterophylla TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGTAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---CGGA-CC -TTTT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Malacothamnus.chilensis TAGCT-GCCT CG-TACGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCACA Malacothamnus.fasciculatus TAGCT-GCCT CG-TACGGAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CA -CTCT-GAAC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Malope sp. TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGCGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---GGGA-AC -CTTCTGACC CTCTTTGGCA TTGCA Malva.assurgentea TGGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGCGCGC-G TTCGTCGATC ---GGGA-CG -CTTTCGACC CTTTAAGGCA TCGCG Malva.dendromorpha TGGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGCGCGC-G CTCGTCGATC ---GGGA-CG -CTTTCAACC CTTTAAGGCA TCGTG Malva.linnei ---------- ---------- TCGCGCGC-G CTCGTCGATC ---GGGA-CG -CTTTCGACC CCTTAAGGCA TCGCG Malva.nicaensis TGGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGCGCGC-G CTCGTCGATC ---GGGA-CG -CTTTCGACC CCTTAAGGCA TCGCG Malva.wigandii TGGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGCGCGC-G CTCGTCGATC ---GGGA-CG -CTTTCGACC CTTTTAGGCA TCGCG Malvastrum.amblyphyllum TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-A CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTCTTGGCA TCACA Malvastrum.americanum TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTTT-GACC CTTCTTGGCA TCACA Malvastrum.coromandelianum TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGCGTGC-T CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTGT-GACC CTTCTTGGCA TCACA Malvella.sagittifolia AAGCA-GCCT CG-TTCGTAG TCTTGTGC-A CTCGTCGATT ---AGGA-TC -CTAT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCAAA Meximalva.filipes CGGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---TAGA-CC -CCAT-GACC CTTTCTGGCA TCACA Modiola.caroliniana TAGCA-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA CCGCA Modiolastrum.lateritium TAGCA-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA CCGCA Monteiroa.glomerata TAGCA-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA
122
Napaea.dioica TAGCA-GCCT CG-TTCGTAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-TC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA CCGCA Navaea.phoenicea TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGCGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---GGGA-CA -CTTTTGACC CTTTT---CA TCGCA Neobrittonia.acerifolia TA?CT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGAGC-G CTCGTCGATC G--GGGA-CC -CTTT-GACC CTATC-GGCA TCG-- Nototriche.anthemidifolia TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTTT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCACA Nototriche.flabellata TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTTT-GACC CTTTTTGGSA TCACA Nototriche.pedicularifolia TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTTT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCCCA Palaua.camanensis TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGTAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTTT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Palaua.rhombifolia TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTTT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Periptera.punicea CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTTGAAG TCGCGTGT-G CTCGTCGAAT ---TGGA-CC -CTAA-GACC CTTTTT-GCA ACGCA Phymosia.umbellata TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-A CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Pseudabutilon.umbellatum CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTCGAAT ---TTGA-CC -CTAT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Rhynchosida.physocalyx GAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGCGTGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---TGGA-CC -CT-ACGACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Robinsonella sp. CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGTAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTCGATT ---AAGA-CC -CTAT-GACC CTTTC-GGCA TTGCA Sida.abutifolia CAGCT-GCCT C-TTTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTCGAAT ---CGGA-TC -TTAT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGTA Sida.aggregata CAGCT-GCCT C-TTTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTCGATT ---CGGA-TC -TTAT-GACC CTTCT-GGCA TCGCA Sida.fibulifera CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---TGGA-CC -CTAT-GACC CTTTT-GCAC GCACA Sida.hermaphrodita CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---TGGA-CC -CTTATGACC CTTGTT-GCA TCGCA Sida.hookeriana CAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTCGATC ---TGGA-CC -CTTT-GACC CTTTAT-GCA TCGCA Sida.jussieana TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGTAG TCGCGCAC-G CTCGTCGATT ---CGGA-TC -CT-ACGACC -TAAT-GGCA TCGCA Sida.linifolia CAGTT-GCCT C-TCTCGGAG TCGTGCGT-G CTCGTCGATT ---CGGA-TT -TTAT-GACC TTT-C-GCGA TCGCA Sida.longipes TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---CGGA-TC -TTAT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Sida.odorata CAGCT-GCCT C-TTTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTCGATT ---CGGA-TC -TTAT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Sida.oligandra TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTCGGTT ----GGA-CC -CCAT-GACC CTTTC-GGCA TCGCA Sida.platycalyx CAGCT-GCCT CG-TGCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---CCGA-CC -CT-ACGACC CTTTA-GGCA TCACA Sida.xantii GAGCT-GCCT C-TTTCGAAG TCGCGTGT-A CTCGTCGATT ---CGGA-TG -TTAT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCGCA Sidalcea.cusickii TAGCT-GTCT CT-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-T CTCGTTGATW ---AGGA-CC -CTTTTGACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Sidalcea.hirsuta TAGCT-GTCT CT-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-T CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTTT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Sidalcea.multifida TAGCT-GTCT CT-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-T CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-MC -CTTTTGACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Sidalcea.stipularis TAGCT-GTCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-T CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTATGGCA TCACA Sidasodes.colombiana ATGCT-GCCT CG-TTGGAAG TCGTGCGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---CGG--CC -CTTT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGAA Sidastrum.paniculatum CGGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---TAGA-CC -CCAT-GACC CTTTC-GGCA TCACA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-A CTCGTCGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TTGCA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTKC-A CTMGYTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCTCA Sphaeralcea.crispa TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTYC-A CTCGTYGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCTCA Sphaeralcea.philippiana TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTTC-A CTCGYTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCTCA Sphaeralcea.wrightii TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-A CTCGTCGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TTGCA Tarasa.albertii TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CA -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Tarasa.humilis TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTTC-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CA -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Tarasa.machupicchensis TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Tarasa.mandonii TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Tarasa.operculata TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTTGTAG TCGTGYRT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTYT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCACA Tarasa.rhombifolia TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCACT Tarasa.thyrsoidea TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTTGTAG TCGTGYGT-G CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA-CC -CTCT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA TCACA Tarasa.trisecta TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTTGAAT ---AGGA-CC -CTTT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCACA Tetrasida.chachapoyensis TTGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGCGT-G CTCGTCGAAT ---TGGA-CC -CCAT-GACC CTTTT-CGCA TCGCA Tetrasida.weberbaueri TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGC-G CTCGTCGATT ---CGGA-TC -TTAT-GACC CTCTTT-GCA TCGCA Thespesia.lampas ATCGGCCGCC TCGTTCGGAG TCGTGCAC-G TTCGTCGATC ---GGGA-CC -TC---GACC CTCTC-GGTA CCGCG Urocarpidium.albiflorum TAGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGGAG TCGTGTGC-T CTCGTTGATT ---AGGA--C -CTCT-GACC CTTTTTGGCA TCGCA Wissadula.boliviana CTGCT-GTCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTCGAAT ---TGGA-CC -CTAT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA -CACA Wissadula.cruziana CTGCT-GTCT CG-TTCGAAG TCGTGTGT-G CTCGTCGAAT ---TGGA-CC -CTAT-GACC CTTTT-GGCA -CACA Wissadula.periplocifolia TTGCT-GCCT CG-TTCGAAG TTGTGCGT-G CTCGTCGAAT ---CGGA-CC -CTA--GACC CTTTT-GGCG TCACA 610 620
123
Abutilon.andrewsianum A-TGTTGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Abutilon.pubistamineum A-TGATGG-- TGCT--GCA- TCG Abutilon.sp. A-TGTTGG-- TGCTC-GCA- --- Acaulimalva.alismatifolia A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Acaulimalva.dryadifolia A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Alcea.rosea A-TGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Alcea.rugosa A-TGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Allosidastrum.pyramidatum A-TGACGG-- TGCCA-GCG- --- Allowissadula.holosericea --TGACGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Anisodontea.capensis A-AGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Anoda.crenatiflora A-CGTCGG-- TGCTC-GCA- CTC Bakeridesia.gloriosa A-CGTTGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Bastardia.bivalvis A-TGTTGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Bastardiastrum.cinctum A-CGTTGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Bastardiopsis.densiflora A-TGTTGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Batesimalva.violacea A-TGTTGG-- TGCTC-RCA- TCG Billieturnera.helleri G-TGTTGG-- TGCCC-GCA- TCG Briquetia.sonorae A-TGTTGT-- TGCTC-GCA- ATG Callirhoe.digitata A-TGTTGA-- TGCTC-GCA- T-- Callirhoe.involucrata A-TTTTGT-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Calyculogygas.uruguayensis A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Corynabutilon.vitifolium A-TGTCGG-- TGCT--GCA- TCG Cristaria.andicola C-TGTCGG-- TGCTCTGCA- TCG Dendrosida.breedlovei A-TGCCGG-- TGCCA-GCA- TCG Dendrosida.wingfieldi A-TGCCGG-- TGCCA-GCA- TCG Dirhamphis sp. A-TGGTGT-- TGCTC-GCA- ATG Eremalche.exilis A-TGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Eremalche.parryi A-TGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- T-- Fryxellia.pygmaea A-TAACGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Fuertesimalva.jacens A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Fuertesimalva.limensis A-CRTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Gaya.atiquipana C-CATTGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Gaya.calyptrata C-AATTGG-- TGC----CA- TCG Gossypium.hirsutum A-CCTCGT-- TCGGAGTCGT GCG Hochreutinera.amplexifolia A-TGTTGT-- TGCTC-GCA- ATG Hoheria sp. A-CGTCGG-- TGATC-GCA- TCG Horsfordia.exsita A-TGTCGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Howittia.trilocularis A-GGACGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Iliamna.bakeri2 A-CGTAG--- ---------- --- Iliamna.latibrac.2B A-CGTCG--- ---------- --- Iliamna.remota A-TGTCG--- ---------- --- Iliamna.rivularis A-TGTCG--- ---------- --- Kearnemalvastrum.lacteum A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Kearnemalvastrum.sp A-C------- ---------- --- Kitaibela.vitifolia A-TGTCGA-- TCCTCAACG- --- Krapovickasia.physaloides A-CGTCGTGG TGCTC-GCA- TCG Lavatera.arborea A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Lavatera.occidentalis A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Lavatera.trimestris A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCT- ACG Lecanophora.chubutensis A-CGTCGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Lecanophora.heterophylla A-CRTCGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Malacothamnus.chilensis A-TGTTGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Malacothamnus.fasciculatus A-TGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Malope sp. A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG
124
Malva.assurgentea A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Malva.dendromorpha A-CATCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Malva.linnei A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TGC Malva.nicaensis A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Malva.wigandii A-CGTCGA-- TCGTC-GCA- TAC Malvastrum.amblyphyllum A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Malvastrum.americanum A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Malvastrum.coromandelianum A-CATCGA-- TGCT--GCA- TCG Malvella.sagittifolia T-ATATGG-- TGC---GCA- TCG Meximalva.filipes A-TGTTGG-- TGC----CA- TCG Modiola.caroliniana A-AGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Modiolastrum.lateritium A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Monteiroa.glomerata A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Napaea.dioica A-CGTCGA-- TGCT--GCA- TCG Navaea.phoenicea A-TGTGCA-- TGCGCT--A- TC- Neobrittonia.acerifolia ---------- ---------- --- Nototriche.anthemidifolia A-AGTAGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Nototriche.flabellata A-AGTAGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Nototriche.pedicularifolia A-AGTAGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Palaua.camanensis T-TGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Palaua.rhombifolia A-CGTCGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Periptera.punicea A-TGTTCG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Phymosia.umbellata A-TGTTG--- ---------- --- Pseudabutilon.umbellatum A-TGTCGG-- TGCT--GCA- TCG Rhynchosida.physocalyx A-CGTCGTGG TGCTC-GCA- TCG Robinsonella sp. A-TGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Sida.abutifolia A-TTACGG-- TGC?---CA- TCG Sida.aggregata G-TGACGG-- TGCT--GCA- TCG Sida.fibulifera A-CGGTGG-- TGCT--GCA- --- Sida.hermaphrodita A-CGTCCG-- GTAAT-GCA- TCG Sida.hookeriana A-CGTCGG-- TGCT--GCA- TCG Sida.jussieana A-TGACGG-- TGC?C---A- TCG Sida.linifolia A-TGACGA-- TGC?---CA- TCG Sida.longipes A-CGACGG-- TGC?---CA- TCG Sida.odorata A-TGACGG-- TGCTC-GCAA TCG Sida.oligandra A-TGACGG-- TGCT--GCA- TCG Sida.platycalyx A-TGATGG-- TGCT--GCA- TCG Sida.xantii A-TGACGG-- TGCT--GCA- TCG Sidalcea.cusickii T-TGTTGA-- TGCTT-GCA- --- Sidalcea.hirsuta T-TGTTGA-- TGCTT-GCA- T-- Sidalcea.multifida T-TGTTGA-- TGCTG-GCA- T-- Sidalcea.stipularis A-TGTTGA-- TGCTT-GCA- T-- Sidasodes.colombiana A-CTTTGG-- TGC----CA- TCG Sidastrum.paniculatum A-TGTTGG-- TGC----CA- TCG Sphaeralcea.angustifolia A-CGTCAA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Sphaeralcea.cordobensis A-TGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Sphaeralcea.crispa A-TGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Sphaeralcea.philippiana A-TGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCW- TCG Sphaeralcea.wrightii A-CGTCAA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Tarasa.albertii A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Tarasa.humilis A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Tarasa.machupicchensis A-TGTTGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Tarasa.mandonii A-TGTTGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Tarasa.operculata A-CGTAGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG
125
Tarasa.rhombifolia A-AGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Tarasa.thyrsoidea A-CGTAGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TTG Tarasa.trisecta A-WGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Tetrasida.chachapoyensis AATGTTGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Tetrasida.weberbaueri --TGACGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Thespesia.lampas A-GGACGG-- TGCTC-GCA- --- Urocarpidium.albiflorum A-CGTCGA-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Wissadula.boliviana A-TGTTGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Wissadula.cruziana A-TGTTGG-- TGCTC-GCA- TCG Wissadula.periplocifolia AATGGTGA-- TGCTC-GCT- TCG
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Appendix B. Tarasa and outgroups combined chloroplast data matrix
matK-3’trnK (1-779), psbA-trnH (780-1437), trnT-trnL (1438-3291)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Modiolastrum.lateritium T----CCTTC AGTGGTACGG GGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC ATTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Modiola.caroliniana -TAATCCTTC AGTGGT-CGG GGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC ATTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Urocarpidium.albiflorum TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC ATTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Fuertesimalva.limensis ----TCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC ATTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Fuertesimalva.jacens TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC ATTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGT? GGATACAAGA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Sphaeralcea.crispa TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Sphaeralcea.wrightii TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Sphaeralcea.philippiana TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Nototriche.flabellata ???ATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Nototriche.pedicularifolia ----TCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Nototriche.anthemidifolia TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Malacothamnus chilensis ----TCCTTC AGTGGTACGG GGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC ATTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.machupicchensis TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG GGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC ATTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.mandonii TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG GGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC ATTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.spiciformis TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG GGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC ATTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.albertii TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.antofagastanaA TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACGAGA Tarasa.antofagastanaC TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACGAGA Tarasa.antofagastanaB TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACGAGA Tarasa.capitata TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.cardenasii TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.cerratei TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.congestiflora T----CCTTC AG?GG???GG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.corrugata TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.geranioides TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.heterophylla TAGTTACTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.humilis -------TTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.latearistata TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACGAGA Tarasa.marinii TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.meyeri TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACGAGA Tarasa.nototrichoides TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACGAGA Tarasa.odonellii TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.operculata TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.pediculata ----TCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.rhombifolia TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.tarapacana T--------- -------CGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.tenella TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.tenuis TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.thyrsoidea ---------C AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.trisecta TAAATCCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA Tarasa.urbaniana T----CCTTC AGTGGTACGG AGTCAAATGC TAGAAAATTC TTTTATAATA GATAATGCTA TGAAGACGTT GGATACAAGA
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90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 Modiolastrum.lateritium ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGAAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Modiola.caroliniana ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGAAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Urocarpidium.albiflorum ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGCATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Fuertesimalva.limensis ATTCCAATAA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAT Fuertesimalva.jacens ATTCCA?TAA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Sphaeralcea.cordobensis ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Sphaeralcea.crispa ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Sphaeralcea.wrightii ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Sphaeralcea.philippiana ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Nototriche.flabellata ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Nototriche.pedicularifolia ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Nototriche.anthemidifolia ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Malacothamnus chilensis ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCTAC Tarasa.machupicchensis ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCTATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.mandonii ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCTATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.spiciformis ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCTATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.albertii ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.antofagastanaA ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.antofagastanaC ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.antofagastanaB ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.capitata ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.cardenasii ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.cerratei ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.congestiflora ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.corrugata ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.geranioides ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.heterophylla ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.humilis ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGA CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.latearistata ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.marinii ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.meyeri ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.nototrichoides ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.odonellii ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.operculata ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.pediculata ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.rhombifolia ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.tarapacana ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.tenella ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.tenuis ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.thyrsoidea ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.trisecta ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC Tarasa.urbaniana ATTCCAATTA TTTCTCTTAT TGGATCATTG TCTAAGGCAA AATTTTGTAA CACATTAGGG CATCCCATTA GTAAGCCGAC 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 Modiolastrum.lateritium GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Modiola.caroliniana GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Urocarpidium.albiflorum GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Fuertesimalva.limensis GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Fuertesimalva.jacens GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT
128
Sphaeralcea.crispa GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Sphaeralcea.wrightii GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Sphaeralcea.philippiana GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Nototriche.flabellata GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Nototriche.pedicularifolia GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Nototriche.anthemidifolia GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Malacothamnus chilensis GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.machupicchensis GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.mandonii GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.spiciformis GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.albertii GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.antofagastanaA GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.antofagastanaC GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.antofagastanaB GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.capitata GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.cardenasii GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GTAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.cerratei GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.congestiflora GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.corrugata GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.geranioides GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.heterophylla GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.humilis GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.latearistata GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.marinii GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.meyeri GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.nototrichoides GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.odonellii GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GTAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.operculata GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.pediculata GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.rhombifolia GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.tarapacana GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.tenella GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.tenuis GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.thyrsoidea GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.trisecta GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT Tarasa.urbaniana GTGGGCCGAT TCCTCCGATT CTGATATTAT TGACCGATTT GTGCGTATAT GCAGAAATCT TTCTCATTAT CACAGTGGAT 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 Modiolastrum.lateritium CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Modiola.caroliniana CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Urocarpidium.albiflorum CTTCAAAAAA AAAAAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Fuertesimalva.limensis CTTCAAAAAA AAAAAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Fuertesimalva.jacens CTTCAAAAAA AAA-AGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Sphaeralcea.crispa CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Sphaeralcea.wrightii CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Sphaeralcea.philippiana CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Nototriche.flabellata CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Nototriche.pedicularifolia CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Nototriche.anthemidifolia CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Malacothamnus chilensis CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.machupicchensis CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.mandonii CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA
129
Tarasa.spiciformis CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.albertii CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaA CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaC CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaB CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.capitata CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.cardenasii CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.cerratei CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.congestiflora CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.corrugata CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.geranioides CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.heterophylla CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.humilis CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.latearistata CTTCAAAA?A AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.marinii CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.meyeri CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.nototrichoides CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.odonellii CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.operculata CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.pediculata CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.rhombifolia CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.tarapacana CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.tenella CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.tenuis CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.thyrsoidea CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.trisecta CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA Tarasa.urbaniana CTTCAAAAAA AAAGAGTTTG TATCGAATAA AATATATACT TCGGTTTTCT TGTGTTAAAA CTTTGGCCCG TAAACACAAA 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 Modiolastrum.lateritium AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAAACCATGT Modiola.caroliniana AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Urocarpidium.albiflorum AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGATCATGT Fuertesimalva.limensis AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Fuertesimalva.jacens AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Sphaeralcea.crispa AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Sphaeralcea.wrightii AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Sphaeralcea.philippiana AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Nototriche.flabellata AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Nototriche.pedicularifolia AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Nototriche.anthemidifolia AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Malacothamnus chilensis AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.machupicchensis AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.mandonii AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.spiciformis AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.albertii AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.antofagastanaA AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.antofagastanaC AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.antofagastanaB AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.capitata AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.cardenasii AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.cerratei AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.congestiflora AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACA GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT
130
Tarasa.corrugata AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.geranioides AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.heterophylla AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.humilis AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.latearistata AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.marinii AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.meyeri AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.nototrichoides AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.odonellii AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.operculata AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.pediculata AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACA GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.rhombifolia AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GATTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.tarapacana AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.tenella AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.tenuis AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.thyrsoidea AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.trisecta AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT Tarasa.urbaniana AGTACTGTAC GTGCTTTTTT GAAAAGATTA GGTTCGGAAT TTTTGGAAGA ATTCTTTACG GAAACGGAAG AAGACCATGT 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 Modiolastrum.lateritium TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA GAGGTTTTTT TGCTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Modiola.caroliniana TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA GAGGTTTTTT TGCTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Urocarpidium.albiflorum TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA GAGGTTTTTT TGCTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Fuertesimalva.limensis TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTTCCAA GAGGGTTTTT TGCTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Fuertesimalva.jacens TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTTCCAA GAGGGTTTTT TGCTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Sphaeralcea.crispa TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Sphaeralcea.wrightii TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Sphaeralcea.philippiana TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Nototriche.flabellata TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTTCAAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Nototriche.pedicularifolia TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTTCAAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Nototriche.anthemidifolia TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTTCAAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Malacothamnus chilensis TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA GAGGTTTTTT TGCTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.machupicchensis TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA GAGGTTTTTT TGCTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.mandonii TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA GAGGTTTTTT TGCTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.spiciformis TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA GAGGTTTTTT TGCTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.albertii TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.antofagastanaA TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.antofagastanaC TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.antofagastanaB TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.capitata TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.cardenasii TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.cerratei TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.congestiflora TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.corrugata TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.geranioides TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.heterophylla TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.humilis TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.latearistata TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.marinii TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.meyeri TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.nototrichoides TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.odonellii TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT
131
Tarasa.operculata TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.pediculata TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.rhombifolia TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.tarapacana TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.tenella TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.tenuis TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.thyrsoidea TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.trisecta TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT Tarasa.urbaniana TTTTTCTTTG ATCTTCCCAA AAGGTTTTTT TACTTTGCGA AAGTTCTATC GGGGACGAAT TTGGTATTTG GATATTATTT 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 Modiolastrum.lateritium GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGAATGAT TGGTTATAAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTTAA ATAATAA--- --AATAAAAA Modiola.caroliniana GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGAATGAT TGGTTATAAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTTAA ATAATAA--- --AATAAAAA Urocarpidium.albiflorum GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGAATGAT TGGTTATAAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Fuertesimalva.limensis GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGAATGAT TGGTTATAAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAAGAA AAAAAAAAA- Fuertesimalva.jacens GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGAATGAT TGGTTATAAA ATTATGTAAA TTCCATTAAA ATAATAAGAA AAAAAAAAAA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Sphaeralcea.crispa GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Sphaeralcea.wrightii GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Sphaeralcea.philippiana GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Nototriche.flabellata GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATAAAAA Nototriche.pedicularifolia GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATAAAAA Nototriche.anthemidifolia GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATAAAAA Malacothamnus chilensis GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGAATGAT TGGTTATAAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATAAAAA Tarasa.machupicchensis GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAG CATGAATGAT TGGTTATAAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATAAAAA Tarasa.mandonii GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAG CATGAATGAT TGGTTATAAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATAAAAA Tarasa.spiciformis GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAG CATGAATGAT TGGTTATAAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATAAAAA Tarasa.albertii GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaA GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaC GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaB GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.capitata GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.cardenasii GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.cerratei GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.congestiflora GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.corrugata GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.geranioides GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.heterophylla GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.humilis GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATAAAAA Tarasa.latearistata GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.marinii GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.meyeri GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.nototrichoides GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.odonellii GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.operculata GGATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.pediculata GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.rhombifolia GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATAAAAA Tarasa.tarapacana GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.tenella GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.tenuis GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.thyrsoidea GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.trisecta GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA Tarasa.urbaniana GTATCAATGC TCTGGTCAAT CATGACTGAT TGGTTATGAA ATTATGTAAA TTCAATTAAA ATAATAA--- --AATCAAAA
132
570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 Modiolastrum.lateritium TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Modiola.caroliniana TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Urocarpidium.albiflorum TGAGAATTTT TTCGAAATGA TCAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Fuertesimalva.limensis TGAGAATTTT TTCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Fuertesimalva.jacens TGAGAATTTT TTCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTCTTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Sphaeralcea.crispa TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Sphaeralcea.wrightii TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Sphaeralcea.philippiana TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Nototriche.flabellata TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGCAT TTTTTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Nototriche.pedicularifolia TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGCAT TTTTTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Nototriche.anthemidifolia TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGCAT TTTTTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Malacothamnus chilensis TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.machupicchensis TGAGAATTTT TCGGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.mandonii TGAGAATTTT TCGGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.spiciformis TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.albertii TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.antofagastanaA TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.antofagastanaC TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.antofagastanaB TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.capitata TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.cardenasii TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.cerratei TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.congestiflora TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAATGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.corrugata TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.geranioides TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.heterophylla TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.humilis TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.latearistata TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.marinii TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.meyeri TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.nototrichoides TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.odonellii TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.operculata TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGCAT TTTTTTTATT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.pediculata TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAATGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.rhombifolia TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACTAAT TTTTTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.tarapacana TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.tenella TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.tenuis TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGA?ATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.thyrsoidea TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTTTTAATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.trisecta TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAAATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA Tarasa.urbaniana TGAGAATTTT TCCGAAATGA TGAAGAGATA ACAAACGAAT TTATTTATTT CTAGTATTAA ATGTTCATGC AGTAAGAATA 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 Modiolastrum.lateritium AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACCTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAATAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Modiola.caroliniana AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAATAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Urocarpidium.albiflorum AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Fuertesimalva.limensis AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Fuertesimalva.jacens AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT G?TTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA
133
Sphaeralcea.crispa AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Sphaeralcea.wrightii AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Sphaeralcea.philippiana AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Nototriche.flabellata AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Nototriche.pedicularifolia AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Nototriche.anthemidifolia AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Malacothamnus chilensis AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTAAAATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.machupicchensis AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.mandonii AGAGGGGATT GGCTGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.spiciformis AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.albertii AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.antofagastanaA AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.antofagastanaC AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.antofagastanaB AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.capitata AGAGGGGATG GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.cardenasii AGAGGGGATG GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.cerratei AGAGGGGATG GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.congestiflora AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.corrugata AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.geranioides AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTAAAATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.heterophylla AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.humilis AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.latearistata AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.marinii AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TT?AAATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.meyeri AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.nototrichoides AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.odonellii AGAGGGGATG GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.operculata AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTTGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.pediculata AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.rhombifolia AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.tarapacana AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.tenella AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.tenuis AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.thyrsoidea AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTTGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.trisecta AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA Tarasa.urbaniana AGAGGGGATT GGCCGAGTAT TCCACTTTTT TTCGAGTCCT GTTTAGGGAA TAAACAGGGT TTTAGATGTA TACATAGAGA 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 Modiolastrum.lateritium AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Modiola.caroliniana AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Urocarpidium.albiflorum AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Fuertesimalva.limensis AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG GCTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Fuertesimalva.jacens AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG AGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG GCTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Sphaeralcea.angustifolia AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Sphaeralcea.cordobensis AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Sphaeralcea.crispa AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Sphaeralcea.wrightii AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Sphaeralcea.philippiana AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Nototriche.flabellata AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA T-CTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Nototriche.pedicularifolia AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Nototriche.anthemidifolia AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Malacothamnus chilensis AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACA ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.machupicchensis AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGATTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.mandonii AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAAC- ??TTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC
134
Tarasa.spiciformis AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.albertii AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.antofagastanaA AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.antofagastanaC AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.antofagastanaB AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.capitata AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTT-AACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.cardenasii AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.cerratei AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.congestiflora AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTT---G ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.corrugata AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.geranioides AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.heterophylla AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.humilis AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTT----G ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.latearistata AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.marinii AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.meyeri AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.nototrichoides AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.odonellii AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.operculata AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.pediculata AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.rhombifolia AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.tarapacana AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.tenella AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.tenuis AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.thyrsoidea AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.trisecta AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC Tarasa.urbaniana AAGCCGTGTG CAATGAAAAA TGCAAGCACG GTTTGGGGAG GGATTTTTTA TTCTTTAACG ACTTTGGTTT TAGTGTATAC 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 Modiolastrum.lateritium -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG GGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- ---------T TAGTCTTTTT TTTT---CGT Modiola.caroliniana -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAG------ ---TCTTTTT TTTT---CGT Urocarpidium.albiflorum -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTT----CGT Fuertesimalva.limensis -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTCGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTT----CGT Fuertesimalva.jacens -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTCGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTT----CGT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTT---CGT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTT---CGT Sphaeralcea.crispa -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTT---CGT Sphaeralcea.wrightii -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTT---CGT Sphaeralcea.philippiana -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTT---CGT Nototriche.flabellata -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Nototriche.pedicularifolia -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Nototriche.anthemidifolia -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Malacothamnus chilensis -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTCGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTT----CGT Tarasa.machupicchensis -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTT----CGT Tarasa.mandonii -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTT----CGT Tarasa.spiciformis -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTT----CGT Tarasa.albertii -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Tarasa.antofagastanaA -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Tarasa.antofagastanaC -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Tarasa.antofagastanaB -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Tarasa.capitata -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA TTTAGTTTAT TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--GGT Tarasa.cardenasii -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA TTTAGTTTAT TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTTT-CGT Tarasa.cerratei -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA TTTAGTTTAT TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTTTTCGT Tarasa.congestiflora -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTTT-CGT
135
Tarasa.corrugata -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA TTTAGTTTAT TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Tarasa.geranioides -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Tarasa.heterophylla -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Tarasa.humilis -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTT---CGT Tarasa.latearistata -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Tarasa.marinii -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTTT-CGT Tarasa.meyeri -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Tarasa.nototrichoides CGAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Tarasa.odonellii -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA TTTAGTTTAT TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTTT-CGT Tarasa.operculata -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTT---CGT Tarasa.pediculata -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTTT-CGT Tarasa.rhombifolia -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTT---CGT Tarasa.tarapacana -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA TTTAGTTTAT TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTTT-CGT Tarasa.tenella -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA TTTAGTTTAT TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTT--CGT Tarasa.tenuis -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTT----CGT Tarasa.thyrsoidea -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTT---CGT Tarasa.trisecta -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA T--------- TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTT---CGT Tarasa.urbaniana -GAGTTTTTG AAAATAAAGG AGCAATATAT TGCTCCTTTA TTTAGTTTAT TTAGATTTAG TAGTCTTTTT TTTTTT-CGT 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 Modiolastrum.lateritium TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CCTTATTTAT Modiola.caroliniana TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CCTTATTTAT Urocarpidium.albiflorum TACACTTTTT TTTCTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CCTTATTTAT Fuertesimalva.limensis TACACTTTTT TTTCTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG CTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CCTTATTTAT Fuertesimalva.jacens TACACTTTTT TTTCTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG CTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CCTTATTTAT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Sphaeralcea.crispa TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Sphaeralcea.wrightii TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Sphaeralcea.philippiana TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACCT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Nototriche.flabellata TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Nototriche.pedicularifolia TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Nototriche.anthemidifolia TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Malacothamnus chilensis TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CCTTATTTAT Tarasa.machupicchensis TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CCTTATTTAT Tarasa.mandonii TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CCTTATTTAT Tarasa.spiciformis TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CCTTATTTAT Tarasa.albertii TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.antofagastanaA TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.antofagastanaC TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.antofagastanaB TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.capitata TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTAAATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.cardenasii TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTGG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACCT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.cerratei TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.congestiflora TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.corrugata TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.geranioides TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATATA TATAAGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.heterophylla TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.humilis TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.latearistata TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.marinii TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.meyeri TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.nototrichoides TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.odonellii TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT
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Tarasa.operculata TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTACATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.pediculata TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.rhombifolia TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTCCA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.tarapacana TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.tenella TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.tenuis TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.thyrsoidea TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTACATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.trisecta TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT Tarasa.urbaniana TACACTTTTT TT-CTTTACA TTTATATA-- ----AGTTTG TTTTTTCTTT ACTTTAACTT TTTTATTTTA CTTTATTTAT 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 Modiolastrum.lateritium TT-------- -------CTT ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTT-AAAT GAGTTTTATT TCGTTTTATT Modiola.caroliniana TT-------- -------CTT ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTT-AAAT GAGTTTTATT TCGTTTTATT Urocarpidium.albiflorum TT-------- -------CTT ATTATCATAA GAAAT-AAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTT-AAT GAGTTTGATT TCGTTTTATT Fuertesimalva.limensis TT-------- -------CTT ATTATCATAA GAAAT-AAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTT-AAT GAGTTTGATT TCGTTTTATT Fuertesimalva.jacens TT-------- -------CTT ATTATCATAA GAAAT-AAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTT-AAT GAGTTTGATT TCGTTTTATT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Sphaeralcea.crispa TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Sphaeralcea.wrightii TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Sphaeralcea.philippiana TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Nototriche.flabellata TT-------- -------CTT ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAAAAA--GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Nototriche.pedicularifolia TT-------- -------CTT ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAAAAAA-GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Nototriche.anthemidifolia TT-------- -------CTT ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAAAAAAAGG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Malacothamnus chilensis TT-------- -------CTT ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTT-AAT GAGTTTGATT TCGTTTTATT Tarasa.machupicchensis TT-------- -------CTT ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAC AAA-----GG ATTTTT-AAT GGGTTTGATT TCGTTTTATT Tarasa.mandonii TT-------- -------CTT ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAC AAA-----GG ATTTTT-AAT GGGTTTGATT TCGTTTTATT Tarasa.spiciformis TT-TACCTTA TTTATTTCTT ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTT-AAT GAGTTTGATT TCGTTTTATT Tarasa.albertii TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.antofagastanaA TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.antofagastanaC TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.antofagastanaB TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.capitata TT-------- -------CTG GATTATCATA A?AAATCAAA AAA?----GG ?TTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.cardenasii TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.cerratei TT-------- -------CTG ATTTTGATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTTATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.congestiflora TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.corrugata TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.geranioides TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.heterophylla TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.humilis TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.latearistata TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.marinii TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.meyeri TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.nototrichoides TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.odonellii TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.operculata TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.pediculata TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.rhombifolia TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTTATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.tarapacana TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.tenella TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.tenuis TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.thyrsoidea TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.trisecta TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT Tarasa.urbaniana TT-------- -------CTG ATTATCATAA GAAATCAAAA AAA-----GG ATTTTTTAAT AAGTTTGATT TGGTTTTATT
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1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 Modiolastrum.lateritium TGGATTTGAC TTAATATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAAGAATT CGTTATGTAA TAATAT---- -AATATATTA TATATTAAC- Modiola.caroliniana -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAAGAATT CGTTATGTAA TAATATACGT TATTATATAT TAACGTAAC- Urocarpidium.albiflorum -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TA--A----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Fuertesimalva.limensis -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGT-- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Fuertesimalva.jacens -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGT-- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Sphaeralcea.angustifolia -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Sphaeralcea.cordobensis -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Sphaeralcea.crispa -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Sphaeralcea.wrightii -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Sphaeralcea.philippiana -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Nototriche.flabellata -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Nototriche.pedicularifolia -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Nototriche.anthemidifolia -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Malacothamnus chilensis -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAACT Tarasa.machupicchensis -GGATTTGAC TTAATATTAT ACGTTCGCTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.mandonii -GGATTTGAC TTAATATTAT ACGTTCGCTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.spiciformis -GGATTTGAC TTAATATTAT ACGTTCGCTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.albertii -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.antofagastanaA -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.antofagastanaC -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.antofagastanaB -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.capitata -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAA ACGTTCGTTA ?GTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- ?A?ATTAAC- Tarasa.cardenasii -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.cerratei -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.congestiflora -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA---TA CGTTATGTAA TAATATATTA TATATTAAC- Tarasa.corrugata -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.geranioides -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.heterophylla -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGT?CGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.humilis -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTCCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.latearistata -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGGTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.marinii -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.meyeri -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.nototrichoides -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.odonellii -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.operculata -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.pediculata -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA---TA CGTTATGTAA TAATATATTA TATATTAAC- Tarasa.rhombifolia -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.tarapacana -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.tenella -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATG TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.tenuis -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTGT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.thyrsoidea -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.trisecta -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- Tarasa.urbaniana -GGATTTGAC TTAGTATTAT ACGTTCGTTA TGTAATAATA TATTA----- ---------- ---------- TATATTAAC- 1130 1140 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 Modiolastrum.lateritium ---------- ---------- ---------- --AAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Modiola.caroliniana ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Urocarpidium.albiflorum ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT T------AAA AA--TAAAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Fuertesimalva.limensis ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----AAAGT Fuertesimalva.jacens ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----AAAGT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT
138
Sphaeralcea.crispa ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Sphaeralcea.wrightii ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Sphaeralcea.philippiana ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT T-------AA AAA-TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Nototriche.pedicularifolia ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT --------AA AAAATATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Nototriche.anthemidifolia ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT --------AA AAAATATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Malacothamnus chilensis ATTAACGAAT TTTTTTAAAA TATAAAAATA ACGAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAAAA--- --------GT Tarasa.machupicchensis ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TTTTT---AA ----TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.mandonii ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TTTTT---A- ----TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.spiciformis ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TTTT----AA ----TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.albertii ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAA------- --------GT Tarasa.antofagastanaA ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.antofagastanaC ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.antofagastanaB ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.capitata ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Tarasa.cerratei ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Tarasa.corrugata ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAAAA--- --------GT Tarasa.geranioides ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TTAATTTTAA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.heterophylla ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.humilis ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Tarasa.latearistata ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.marinii ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Tarasa.meyeri ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.nototrichoides ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.odonellii ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT T-------AA AAA-TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Tarasa.operculata ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TTTTT---AA ----TATAAA AATAAAA--- AAAGTAAAAT Tarasa.pediculata ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Tarasa.rhombifolia ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Tarasa.tarapacana ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.tenella ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAAA----- --------GT Tarasa.tenuis ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Tarasa.thyrsoidea ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TTT-----AA A---TATAAA AATAAAAAAA --------GT Tarasa.trisecta ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TTT-----AA A---TATAAA AAAA------ --------GT Tarasa.urbaniana ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAATTTTT TT------AA AA--TATAAA AATAAA---- --------GT 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 Modiolastrum.lateritium AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAACGT TTTTATTTT- -AGAGTCAAA ATAAATAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Modiola.caroliniana AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAACGT TTTTATTTT- -AGAGTCAAA ATAAATAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Urocarpidium.albiflorum AAAAAAGTTC TTACCATTCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTATTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAATACAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Fuertesimalva.limensis AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATTT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTATTTT- -AG?GTAAAA ATAAATAAAA AG?AAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Fuertesimalva.jacens AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATTT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTATTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAATAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia AAAAAAGTTG TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTTT -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAACGATA GAGATTGGAA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis AAAAAAGTTG TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Sphaeralcea.crispa AAAAAAGTTG TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Sphaeralcea.wrightii AAAAAAGTTG TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTT-- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAACGATA GAGATTGGAA Sphaeralcea.philippiana AAAAAAGTTG TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTT--- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Nototriche.flabellata AAA------- ---------- ---------- ---------T TAGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Nototriche.pedicularifolia AAA------- ---------- ---------- ---------T TAGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Nototriche.anthemidifolia AAA------- ---------T ---TTAAA-- ---------T TAGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Malacothamnus chilensis AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTATTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAATAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.machupicchensis AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTATTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAATAAAA AGAAAAGAGA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.mandonii AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTATTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAATAAAA AGAAAAGAGA GAGATTGGAA
139
Tarasa.spiciformis AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTATTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAATAAAA AGAAAAGAGA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.albertii AAAAAAGTTG TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.antofagastanaA AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.antofagastanaC AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.antofagastanaB AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTT-- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.capitata AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAAT?T TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTTT -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.cardenasii AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.cerratei AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.congestiflora AAA------- ---------- ---------- ---------T TAGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.corrugata AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTTT TAGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.geranioides AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.heterophylla AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTTT -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.humilis AAAAAAGTTG TTACCAATTT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTT-- -AG?GTAAAA ATAAAGAAA- ---------- ----TTGGAA Tarasa.latearistata AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTT-- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA ------GATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.marinii AAA------- ---------- ---------- ---------T TAGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.meyeri AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTT-- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.nototrichoides AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.odonellii AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATC- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.operculata AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AG?GTAAAA AGAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.pediculata AAA------- ---------- ---------- ---------T TAGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.rhombifolia AAA------- ---------- ---------- ---------T TAGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.tarapacana AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.tenella AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.tenuis AAAAAGGTTG TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTT- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.thyrsoidea AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTT-- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA Tarasa.trisecta AAAAAAGTTG TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTTTT -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA TAGATTGGAA Tarasa.urbaniana AAAAAAGTTC TTACCAATCT TTTGTAAAGT TTTTTTTT-- -AGAGTAAAA ATAAAGAAAA AGAAAAGATA GAGATTGGAA 1290 1300 1310 1320 1330 1340 1350 1360 Modiolastrum.lateritium TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATAAGAGA AAAAACTAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTAAT ATATTTGAAA Modiola.caroliniana TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATAAGAGA AAAAACTAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTAAT ATATTTGAAA Urocarpidium.albiflorum TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATAAGAGA AAAAACTAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAT ATATTTGAAA Fuertesimalva.limensis TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATAAGAGA AAAAACTAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAT ATATTTGAAA Fuertesimalva.jacens TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATAAGAGA AAAAACTAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAT ATATTTGAAA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Sphaeralcea.crispa TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Sphaeralcea.wrightii TTTTATATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Sphaeralcea.philippiana TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Nototriche.flabellata TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Nototriche.pedicularifolia TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Nototriche.anthemidifolia TTTTCTATAT ATCTTAATAT CTTATCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Malacothamnus chilensis TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATAAGAGA AAAAACTAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTTAT ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.machupicchensis TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATAAGAGA AAAAACTAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAT ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.mandonii TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATAAGAGA AAAAACTAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAT ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.spiciformis TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATAAGAGA AAAAACTAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAT ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.albertii TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaA TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaC TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaB TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.capitata TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.cardenasii TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.cerratei TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.congestiflora TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA
140
Tarasa.corrugata TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.geranioides TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG CAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.heterophylla TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.humilis TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.latearistata TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.marinii TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATAC?AGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGA? ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.meyeri TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.nototrichoides TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.odonellii ---TCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.operculata TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.pediculata TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.rhombifolia TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.tarapacana TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.tenella TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.tenuis TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGGT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.thyrsoidea TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAAC---- ---GAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.trisecta TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA Tarasa.urbaniana TTTTCTATAT ATCTTA---- ----TCTCAG AAATACGAGA AAAAACGAAT GATGAATGAT AGAAATTGAG ATATTTGAAA 1370 1380 1390 1400 1410 1420 1430 1440 Modiolastrum.lateritium TATTTAAA-C AATCAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTATTCAAAA AAAA------ ----TACTAT ACTA-TATAG TAGAGGGTCA Modiola.caroliniana TATTTAAA-C AATCAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTAT------ ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Urocarpidium.albiflorum TATTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA ---TAC---- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----TATAG TAGAGGGTCA Fuertesimalva.limensis TATTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA ---TAGTATA CTATA----- ---------- ---------- --GTATATAG TAGAGGGTCA Fuertesimalva.jacens TATTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA ---TAGTATA CTATA----- ---------- ---------- --GTATATAG TAGAGGGTCA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A------ATA CTAT------ ---------- ---------- -----TATAG TAGAGGGTCA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA CTAT------ ---------- ---------- -----TATAG TAGAGGGTCA Sphaeralcea.crispa TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA CTAT------ ---------- ---------- -----TATAG TAGAGGGTCA Sphaeralcea.wrightii TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AA-TACTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----TATAG TAGAGGGTCA Sphaeralcea.philippiana TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA CTAT------ ---------- ---------- -----TATAG TAGAGGGTCA Nototriche.flabellata TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTATTATAAA AGAGGGAAAA AAAATACTAT ACTATTATAA AAGAGGG--- Nototriche.pedicularifolia TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAA AAGAGGGTCA Nototriche.anthemidifolia TTTTTAAC-C AATAAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTAT------ ---------- ---------- -----TATAA AAGAGGGTCA Malacothamnus chilensis TATTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA GTAT------ ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.machupicchensis TATTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA GTAT------ ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.mandonii TATTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA GTAT------ ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.spiciformis TATTTAAA-C AATCAAAAGA A--TACTATA GTATATAATA ---------- ---------- --GTATATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.albertii TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA CTAT------ ---------- ---------- -----TATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.antofagastanaA TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.antofagastanaC TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AAATACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.antofagastanaB TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AAATACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.capitata TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AAATACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.cardenasii TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGG--- Tarasa.cerratei TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.congestiflora TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TAC?AT? CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAA TAGAGGG--- Tarasa.corrugata TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.geranioides TTTTTAAAAC AATAAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.heterophylla TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTAT------ ---------- ---------- -----TATAG TA?AGGGTCA Tarasa.humilis TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATT ATAGTAG--- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.latearistata TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AAATACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.marinii TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AAATACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAA TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.meyeri TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AAATACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.nototrichoides TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTAT------ ---------- ---------- -----TATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.odonellii TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AAATACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA
141
Tarasa.operculata TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.pediculata TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAA TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.rhombifolia TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTATA----- ---------- ---------- -----TATAA TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.tarapacana TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.tenella TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AAATACTATA CTAT------ ---------- ---------- -----TATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.tenuis TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.thyrsoidea TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.trisecta TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA A--TACTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----TATAG TAGAGGGTCA Tarasa.urbaniana TTTTTAAA-C AATAAAAAAA AA-TACTATA CTATT----- ---------- ---------- ------ATAG TAGAGGGTCA 1450 1460 1470 1480 1490 1500 1510 1520 Modiolastrum.lateritium AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATATAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Modiola.caroliniana AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATATAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Urocarpidium.albiflorum AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACAATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Fuertesimalva.limensis AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Fuertesimalva.jacens AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Sphaeralcea.crispa AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTGG TTATTCATAA Sphaeralcea.wrightii AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Sphaeralcea.philippiana AATAATAGAA ATTTTGT?TC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia AATAATAGAA ATTTTGT?TC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Nototriche.anthemidifolia AATAATCGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Malacothamnus chilensis AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAGATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.machupicchensis AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CA-AGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.mandonii AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.spiciformis AATAATAGGA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.albertii AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.antofagastanaA AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.antofagastanaC AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.antofagastanaB AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.capitata AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.geranioides AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.heterophylla AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATCCATAA Tarasa.humilis AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.latearistata AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.marinii AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAGACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.meyeri AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.nototrichoides AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.odonellii AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.operculata AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC AATTTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.pediculata AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.rhombifolia AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.tarapacana AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.tenella AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.tenuis AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.thyrsoidea AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC AATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.trisecta AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CAGCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA Tarasa.urbaniana AATAATAGAA ATTTTGTATC CATAGAAATT CATCAAACTA TTACGATCTT ATCTATTAAC TATCTATTAG TTATTCATAA
142
1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 Modiolastrum.lateritium CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT AGAATTTAGA AAAA-CTAGA ATTTCTAATT Modiola.caroliniana CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT AGAATTTAGA AAAA-CTAGA ATTTCTAATT Urocarpidium.albiflorum CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- ---------- -----AGACT AGAATTTAGA AAAA-CTAGA ATTTCTAATT Fuertesimalva.limensis CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT AGAATTTAGA AAAA-CTAGA ATTTCTAAGT Fuertesimalva.jacens CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT AGAATTTAGA AAAA-CTAGA ATTTCTAAGT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Sphaeralcea.crispa CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Sphaeralcea.wrightii CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Sphaeralcea.philippiana CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Nototriche.anthemidifolia CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Malacothamnus chilensis CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT AGAATTTAGA AAAA-CTAGA ATTTCTAATT Tarasa.machupicchensis CTACTATGAA TTATTAATAT GAATTATAGA ATTAATATGA ATTATAGACT AGAATTTAGA AAAA-CTAGA ATTTCTAATT Tarasa.mandonii CTACTATGAA TTATTAATAT GAATTATAGA ATTAATATGA ATTATAGACT AGAATTTAGA AAAA-CTAGA ATTTCTAATT Tarasa.spiciformis CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT AGAATTTAGA AAAA-CTAGA ATTTCTAATT Tarasa.albertii CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Tarasa.antofagastanaA CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.antofagastanaC CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.antofagastanaB CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.capitata CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --T---A--- Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.geranioides CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.heterophylla CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.humilis CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Tarasa.latearistata CTACTATGGA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.marinii CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Tarasa.meyeri CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.nototrichoides CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.odonellii CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.operculata CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Tarasa.pediculata CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Tarasa.rhombifolia CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.tarapacana CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.tenella CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT Tarasa.tenuis CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTATA ATTTCTAATT Tarasa.thyrsoidea CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCTAATT Tarasa.trisecta CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTATA ATTTCTAATT Tarasa.urbaniana CTACTATGAA TTAT------ ---------- --TAATATGA ATTATAGACT ACAATTTAGA AAAAACTAGA ATTTCGAATT 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 Modiolastrum.lateritium TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA TAACATATTT AATATAATA- ---------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Modiola.caroliniana TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA TAACATATTT AATATAATA- ---------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Urocarpidium.albiflorum TTTAATGTCA TACTT-AATA TAACATATTT AATATAATA- ---------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATAGTAGATT Fuertesimalva.limensis TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA TAACATATTT AATATAATA- ---------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Fuertesimalva.jacens TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA TAACATATTT AATATAATA- ---------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATA- ---------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT
143
Sphaeralcea.crispa TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATA- ---------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Sphaeralcea.wrightii TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Sphaeralcea.philippiana TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia TTTAATGCCA TGCTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Nototriche.anthemidifolia TTTAATGCCA TGCTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Malacothamnus chilensis TTTAATGCCA TACCTTAATA TAACATATTT AATATAATA- ---------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.machupicchensis TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA TAACATATTT AATATAATAT ATAATAATG- ---------- --ATATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.mandonii TTTAATGCCA TACTTTAATA TAACATATTT AATATAATAT ATAATAATG- ---------- --ATATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.spiciformis TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA TAACATATTT AATATAATA- ---------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.albertii TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.antofagastanaA TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.antofagastanaC TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.antofagastanaB TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.capitata TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei ---------- ------AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.geranioides TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.heterophylla TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.humilis TTGAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.latearistata TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.marinii TTTAATGCCA TGCTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.meyeri TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.nototrichoides TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.odonellii TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.operculata TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TCTAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.pediculata TTTAATGCCA TGCTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.rhombifolia TTTAATGCCA TGCTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATATATAA TAATATAATA ATATATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.tarapacana TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.tenella TTTAATGCCA TACTTTAATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.tenuis TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.thyrsoidea TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TCTAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.trisecta TTTAATGCCA TACCTTAATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TAATA----- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT Tarasa.urbaniana TTTAATGCCA TACTT-AATA GAACATATTT AATATAATAA TA-------- ---------- ---TATAATA ATGGTAGATT 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 Modiolastrum.lateritium CAATCTAATG TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA TAATA----- -------TAA Modiola.caroliniana CAATCTAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA TAATA----- -------TAA Urocarpidium.albiflorum CAATCTAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATAGAATA ATATAATTAA GAATA----- -------TAA Fuertesimalva.limensis CAATCTAATA TTCAATCTAA TATTCAATCT AATGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATA----- -------TAA Fuertesimalva.jacens CAATCTAATA TTCAATCTAA TATTCAATCT AATGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATA----- -------TAA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAAT- ---------- Sphaeralcea.cordobensis CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAAT- ---------- Sphaeralcea.crispa CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAAT- ---------- Sphaeralcea.wrightii CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAAT- ---------- Sphaeralcea.philippiana CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAAT- ---------- Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia CAATCGAATA TTCAATTTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Nototriche.anthemidifolia CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Malacothamnus chilensis CAATCTAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAAT- ---------- Tarasa.machupicchensis CAATCTAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAAT- ---------- Tarasa.mandonii CAATCTAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAAT- ---------- ---------- ----------
144
Tarasa.spiciformis CAATCTAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAAT- ---------- Tarasa.albertii CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAAT- ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaA CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.antofagastanaC CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.antofagastanaB CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.capitata CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.geranioides CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.heterophylla CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA TAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.humilis CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAAT- ---------- Tarasa.latearistata CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.marinii CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.meyeri CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.nototrichoides CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.odonellii CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.operculata CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.pediculata CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ---------- --TTCTAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.rhombifolia CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATAGAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.tarapacana CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.tenella CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.tenuis CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAAT- ---------- Tarasa.thyrsoidea CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA TAATATAATT AAGAATATAA Tarasa.trisecta CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA GAATATAAT- ---------- Tarasa.urbaniana CAATCGAATA TTCAATCTAA ---------- --TGTTGATA GAATATAATA ATATAATTAA CAATATAATT AAGAATATAA 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 Modiolastrum.lateritium TAATTCTATT TAAAATTTAA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT A--------- ---------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Modiola.caroliniana TAATTCTATT TAAAATTTAA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT A--------- ---------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Urocarpidium.albiflorum TAATTCTATT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT ACTTCTATTT GATTCTATTT TATATTTGAT TCTATTTT?A Fuertesimalva.limensis TAATTCTATT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT ACTTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TATATTTT?A Fuertesimalva.jacens TAATTCTATT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT ACTTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TATATTTT?A Sphaeralcea.angustifolia -AATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT ---------- ---------- -------T?A Sphaeralcea.cordobensis -AATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTATATTT ---------- ---------- -------T?A Sphaeralcea.crispa -AATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTATATTT ---------- ---------- -------T?A Sphaeralcea.wrightii -AATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT ---------- ---------- -------T?A Sphaeralcea.philippiana -AATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTATATTT ---------- ---------- -------T?A Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------?- Nototriche.pedicularifolia TAATTATCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Nototriche.anthemidifolia TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Malacothamnus chilensis -AATTCTATT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TATATTTT?A Tarasa.machupicchensis -AATTCTTAT TAAAATTTCA AAAAATTATT TTAATTTTTT AATTCTATTT ---------- ---------- -------T?A Tarasa.mandonii -AATTCTTAT TAAAATTTCA AAAAATTATT TTAATTTTTT AATTCTATTT ---------- ---------- -------T?A Tarasa.spiciformis -AATTCTATT TAAAATTTCA AAAAATTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT ---------- ---------- -------T?A Tarasa.albertii -AATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTATATTT ---------- ---------- -------T?A Tarasa.antofagastanaA TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.antofagastanaC TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.antofagastanaB TAATTCTCTT TCAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.capitata TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------?- Tarasa.cerratei TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------?-
145
Tarasa.corrugata TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.geranioides TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.heterophylla TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.humilis -AATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTATATTT ---------- ---------- -------T?A Tarasa.latearistata TAATTCTCTT TCAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.marinii TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.meyeri TAATTCTCTT TCAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.nototrichoides TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.odonellii TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.operculata TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.pediculata TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.rhombifolia TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.tarapacana TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.tenella TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.tenuis -AATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT ---------- ---------- -------T?A Tarasa.thyrsoidea TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A Tarasa.trisecta -AATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT ---------- ---------- -------T?A Tarasa.urbaniana TAATTCTCTT TAAAATTTCA AAAA-TTATT TTAATTATTT AATTCTATTT G--------- --------AT TCTATTTT?A 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 Modiolastrum.lateritium ATCATATTAA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAATATAT TAT------T AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---------T Modiola.caroliniana ATCATATTAA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TAATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---------T Urocarpidium.albiflorum ATCATATTAA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACA-AA TATA-TCATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---------T Fuertesimalva.limensis ATCATATTAA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---------T Fuertesimalva.jacens ATCATATTAA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---------T Sphaeralcea.angustifolia AGCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCCA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCCA Sphaeralcea.crispa ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCCA Sphaeralcea.wrightii ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCCA Sphaeralcea.philippiana ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCCA Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------?--- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia ATCATAGTCA AAATTATATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Nototriche.anthemidifolia ATCATAGTCA AAATTATATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Malacothamnus chilensis ATCATATTAA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTCTAA TTATTA?--- ---------T Tarasa.machupicchensis ATCATATTAA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---------T Tarasa.mandonii ATCATATTAA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---------T Tarasa.spiciformis ATCATATTAA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTATT Tarasa.albertii ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCCA Tarasa.antofagastanaA ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.antofagastanaC ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.antofagastanaB ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATAATTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.capitata ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------?--- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------?--- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.geranioides ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.heterophylla ATCATAGTCA AAATTGGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.humilis ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCCA Tarasa.latearistata ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.marinii ATCATAGTCA AAATTATATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.meyeri ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.nototrichoides ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATAA?TTA TTATGTTCTA Tarasa.odonellii ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA
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Tarasa.operculata ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.pediculata ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.rhombifolia ATCATAGTCA AAATTATATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.tarapacana ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.tenella ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATAA?TTA TTATGTTCTA Tarasa.tenuis ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCCA Tarasa.thyrsoidea ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA Tarasa.trisecta ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCCA Tarasa.urbaniana ATCATAGTCA AAATTAGATT TTAATTTAAT CATAACATAA TATA-TTATT AATATTATAA TTATTA?--- ---TGTTCTA 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Modiolastrum.lateritium GTTATATTTA TTCTATTAGA ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Modiola.caroliniana GTTATATTTA TTCTATTAGA ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Urocarpidium.albiflorum GTTATATTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Fuertesimalva.limensis GTTATATTTA TTCTATCAGG ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Fuertesimalva.jacens GTTATATTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Sphaeralcea.angustifolia ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Sphaeralcea.cordobensis ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Sphaeralcea.crispa ------TTTA TTCTATTAGA ATATTCTATT TATAA----- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Sphaeralcea.wrightii ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Sphaeralcea.philippiana ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.anthemidifolia ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTATT TAGAATTAGA ATATTCTATA TATATTACTA TAATATAGTA TTCTTATAGT Malacothamnus chilensis GTTATATTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCCAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.machupicchensis GTTATATTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTATT TAGAATTAGA ATATTCTATA TATATTAGTA TAATCATAGT AATATTCTAG Tarasa.mandonii GTTATATTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTATT TAGAATTAGA ATATTCTATA TATATTAGTA TAATCATAGT AATATTCTAG Tarasa.spiciformis GTTATATTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.albertii ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaA ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaC ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaB ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.capitata ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTATA ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.geranioides ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.heterophylla ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.humilis ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.latearistata ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTATT TATTCTATTA GTATATTCTA T--------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.marinii ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.meyeri ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTATT TATTCTATTA GTATATTCTA T--------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.nototrichoides ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.odonellii ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.operculata ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.pediculata ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.rhombifolia ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.tarapacana ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.tenella ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.tenuis ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.thyrsoidea ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.trisecta ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.urbaniana ------TTTA TTCTATTAGT ATATTCTAT- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
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2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 Modiolastrum.lateritium ---------- ---------- ---------- -------ATA TAT--TAGTC TAAT-ATAGT AATATTATAT TATTA----- Modiola.caroliniana ---------- ---------- ---------- -------ATA TAT--TAGTA TAAT-ATAGT AATAATATAT TATATTATTA Urocarpidium.albiflorum ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TAGTA TATT-ATAGT AATACTATAA -TATAATATA Fuertesimalva.limensis ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TAGTA TAAT-ATAGT AATATTATAA -TATATTATA Fuertesimalva.jacens ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TAGTA TAAT-ATAGT AATATTATAA -TATAATATA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TATAATACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TATAATACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Sphaeralcea.crispa ---------- -------TTA GAA------T ATTCTATATA TATAATACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Sphaeralcea.wrightii ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAA--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Sphaeralcea.philippiana ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TATAATACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTCTTATA- -GTTATAAGA Nototriche.anthemidifolia TATAATAAAA TTACTAA--- ---------- -TTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTCTTATA- -GTTATAAGA Malacothamnus chilensis ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TAGTA TAAT-ATAGT AATATTA--- -----TACTA Tarasa.machupicchensis ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TAGTA TAATCATAGT AATATTCTAA TATATTACTA Tarasa.mandonii ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TAGTA TAATCATAGT AATATTCTAA TATATTACTA Tarasa.spiciformis ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TAGTA TAATCATAGT AATATTCTAA TATATTACTA Tarasa.albertii ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TATAATACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.antofagastanaA ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAA--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.antofagastanaC ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.antofagastanaB ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.capitata ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.geranioides ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT TTATAATATA Tarasa.heterophylla ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTTTAT T---T-AATA Tarasa.humilis ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAGT ATTCTATATA TATAATACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.latearistata ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.marinii ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATATTAT AGTTATAATA Tarasa.meyeri ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.nototrichoides ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.odonellii ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT TTATAATATA Tarasa.operculata ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT TG--ATAATA Tarasa.pediculata ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-AAAGT ATTATTATAT T-TATAAATA Tarasa.rhombifolia ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATA- -GTTATAATA Tarasa.tarapacana ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.tenella ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA Tarasa.tenuis ---------- -------TTA GAATTATAAT ATTCTATATA TATAATACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TCTAATAT Tarasa.thyrsoidea ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TATAATAA Tarasa.trisecta ---------- -------TTA GAATTATAAT ATTCTATATA TATAATACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TCT-AATA Tarasa.urbaniana ---------- -------TTA GAATTAGAAT ATTCTATATA TAT--TACTA TAAT-ATAGT ATTATTATAT T-TAT-AATA 2090 2100 2110 2120 2130 2140 2150 2160 Modiolastrum.lateritium ---------- ---------- ------TACT AATAGTACTC GACCTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTT----- -----GAATT Modiola.caroliniana ---------- ---------- ------TACT AATAGTACTC GACCTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTT----- -----GAATT Urocarpidium.albiflorum TTATAAA--- ---------- ---------- --TAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTT----- -----GAATT Fuertesimalva.limensis T--------- ---------- ------TACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TTTCTATTTT ATTTT----- -----GAATT Fuertesimalva.jacens T--------- ---------- ------TACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTT----- -----GAATT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TTTCTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT
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Sphaeralcea.crispa TA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Sphaeralcea.wrightii TA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TTTCTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Sphaeralcea.philippiana TA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia AA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC TACTTTTTTT T--CTATTTT CTTTTTCATT TTATTTAATT Nototriche.anthemidifolia AA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC TACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT CTTTTTCATT TTATTTAATT Malacothamnus chilensis TA-------- ---------- -----TTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTT----- -----GAATT Tarasa.machupicchensis TATTAT---- ---------- ----ATTAGT AATAGTACTC GACTGTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTT----- -----GAATT Tarasa.mandonii TATTAT---- ---------- ----ATTAGT AATAGTACTC GACTGTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTTT---- -----GAATT Tarasa.spiciformis TAATAT---- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTATTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTT----- -----GAATT Tarasa.albertii TA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.antofagastanaA TA-------- ---------- ----AATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT T--CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.antofagastanaC TA-------- ---------- ----AATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT T--CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.antofagastanaB TA-------- ---------- ----AATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT T--CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.capitata TA-------- ---------- ----AATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei TA-------- ---------- ----AATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT T--CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata TA-------- ---------- ----AATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT T--CTATTTT ATTTTAAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.geranioides AA-------- ---------- ------TACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT T--CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.heterophylla TAGTATTATT TTTTTTATAA AAAAAATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT ---CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.humilis TA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTTT---- ------AATT Tarasa.latearistata TA-------- ---------- ----AATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.marinii TA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT CTTTTTCATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.meyeri TA-------- ---------- ----AATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT ---CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.nototrichoides TA-------- ---------- ----AATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT T--CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.odonellii AA-------- ---------- ------TACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT T--CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.operculata TA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.pediculata TAGTATTATT ATATTTATAA TATAATTACT AATAGTACTC AACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT CTTTTTCATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.rhombifolia TA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT CTTTTT---- --ATTTAATT Tarasa.tarapacana TA-------- ---------- ----AATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT T--CTATTTT ATTATTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.tenella TA-------- ---------- ----AATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT T--CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.tenuis AAT------- ---------- ------TACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TTTCTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.thyrsoidea TA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TT-CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.trisecta TA-------- ---------- ----ATTACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT TTTCTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT Tarasa.urbaniana TA-------- ---------- ----AATACT AATAGTACTC GACTTTTTTT T--CTATTTT ATTTTTAATT TTATTTAATT 2170 2180 2190 2200 2210 2220 2230 2240 Modiolastrum.lateritium TGA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Modiola.caroliniana TGA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Urocarpidium.albiflorum TTAAGTATAT TTT------- ---------- ACATTTTAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Fuertesimalva.limensis TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTT AGTTTATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Fuertesimalva.jacens TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTT AGTCTATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TTA------- ---------- -GTATATTTT -CATTTTAAG TATATTTTTC ATTCTAATTA TCTAGACTTA TAA------- Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Sphaeralcea.crispa TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Sphaeralcea.wrightii TTA------- ---------- -GTATATTTT -CATTTTAAG TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Sphaeralcea.philippiana TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGAAT TAA------- Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia TTA-GTATAT TAAAATATTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Nototriche.anthemidifolia TTA-GTATAT TAAAATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Malacothamnus chilensis TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.machupicchensis TGA-GTCTAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.mandonii TGA-GTCTAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTTTT TTTATAGATT TAA-------
149
Tarasa.spiciformis TGA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.albertii TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.antofagastanaA TTA------- ---------- -GTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.antofagastanaC TTA------- ---------- -GTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.antofagastanaB TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.capitata TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.geranioides TTA------- ---------- -GTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.heterophylla TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.humilis TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.latearistata TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.marinii TTA-GTATAT TAAAATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.meyeri TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.nototrichoides TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTAATTTT T-TATAGATT TAA------- Tarasa.odonellii TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.operculata TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.pediculata TTA-GTATAA TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.rhombifolia TTA-GTATAT TAAAATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAATTTAATC Tarasa.tarapacana TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.tenella TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.tenuis TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.thyrsoidea TTA------- ---------- -GTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGAGT TAA------- Tarasa.trisecta TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- Tarasa.urbaniana TTA-GTATAT TTTCATTTTA AGTATATTTT ACATTTAAAT TATATAGATA ATTTTTTAT- -----AGATT TAA------- 2250 2260 2270 2280 2290 2300 2310 2320 Modiolastrum.lateritium ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT AGATTAAA-- ---------- -----TATAG ATTCAATTTA Modiola.caroliniana ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT AGATTAAA-- ---------- -----TATAG ATTCAATTTA Urocarpidium.albiflorum ---------- ---------- -TAAAATTGA TCGATTTAAT AGATTAAATT ATTTAATAGA TTAAATATAG ATTCAATTTA Fuertesimalva.limensis ---------- ---------- -TTAAATCGA TCGATTTAAT AGATTAAA-- ---------- -----TATAG ATTAAATTTA Fuertesimalva.jacens ---------- ---------- -TTAAATCGA TCGATTTAAT AGATTAAA-- ---------- -----TATAG ATTAAATTTA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia ---------- ---------- TGTTAATGTA T--------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Sphaeralcea.cordobensis ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAC-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Sphaeralcea.crispa ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAC-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Sphaeralcea.wrightii ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAC-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Sphaeralcea.philippiana ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAC-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia ---------- -------TGT ATTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Nototriche.anthemidifolia ---------- -------TGT ATTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Malacothamnus chilensis ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT AGATTAAA-- ---------- -----TATAG ATTAAATTTA Tarasa.machupicchensis ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT AGATTAAA-- ---------- -----TATAG AGTAAATTTA Tarasa.mandonii ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT AGATTAAA-- ---------- -----TATAG AGTAAATTTA Tarasa.spiciformis ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT AGATTAAA-- ---------- -----TATAG AGTAAATTTA Tarasa.albertii ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAC-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.antofagastanaA ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.antofagastanaC ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.antofagastanaB ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.capitata ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
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Tarasa.corrugata ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.geranioides ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.heterophylla ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.humilis ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAC-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.latearistata ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.marinii ---------- -------TGT ATTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCGATTTA Tarasa.meyeri ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.nototrichoides ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.odonellii ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.operculata ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.pediculata ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.rhombifolia GATCGATTTA ATACATTAAA ATTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.tarapacana ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.tenella ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.tenuis ---------- ---------- --TTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTACT-- ---------- ------AGAG A--------- Tarasa.thyrsoidea ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.trisecta ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAC-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA Tarasa.urbaniana ---------- ---------- -TTTAATCGA TCGATTTAAT ACATTAAA-- ---------- -----TAGAG ATTCAATTTA 2330 2340 2350 2360 2370 2380 2390 2400 Modiolastrum.lateritium TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ------AGAG --ATAATTAG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Modiola.caroliniana TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ------AGAG --ATAATTAG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Urocarpidium.albiflorum TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ------AGAG --ATAATTAG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTTACATTTA Fuertesimalva.limensis TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ------AGAG --ATAATTAG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Fuertesimalva.jacens TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ------AGAG --ATAATTAG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Sphaeralcea.angustifolia ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------CA TTT------A Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Sphaeralcea.crispa TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC CTTTTATGCA TTT------A Sphaeralcea.wrightii TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Sphaeralcea.philippiana TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Nototriche.anthemidifolia TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAATTATT TAGTTTAGAG TTCTAAATAG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Malacothamnus chilensis TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ------AGAG --ATAATTAG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.machupicchensis TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CGAAAT---- ------AGAG --ATAATTAG AGTGAAAATA TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.mandonii TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CGAAAT---- ------AGAG --ATAATTAG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.spiciformis TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CGAAAT---- ------AGAG --ATAATTAG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.albertii TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.antofagastanaA TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.antofagastanaC TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.antofagastanaB TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.capitata TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.geranioides TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.heterophylla TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.humilis TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.latearistata TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.marinii TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.meyeri TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.nototrichoides TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.odonellii TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A
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Tarasa.operculata TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.pediculata TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.rhombifolia TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.tarapacana TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.tenella TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.tenuis ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.thyrsoidea TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.trisecta TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A Tarasa.urbaniana TTTCTATTTA GTTTAGAGTT CTAAAT---- ---------- --------AG AGTGAAAATC TTTTTATGCA TTT------A 2410 2420 2430 2440 2450 2460 2470 2480 Modiolastrum.lateritium TATAT-CATT ATATAAATCA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT CGATAATTAG AATGAAACCC CTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Modiola.caroliniana TATAT-CATT ATATAAATCA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT CGATAATTAG AATGAAACCC CTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Urocarpidium.albiflorum TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT CGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGACT TAGACTAAAA Fuertesimalva.limensis TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT CGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Fuertesimalva.jacens TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT CGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TATAATGTAT ATATAAATG- --C------- ---------- --ATAAAAAG ATTTTCACTC TATTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Sphaeralcea.crispa TATATACATT ATATAAATGG TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Sphaeralcea.wrightii TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Sphaeralcea.philippiana TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTAT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Nototriche.anthemidifolia TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Malacothamnus chilensis TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTTTAAGTCT CGATAATTAG AATGAAACCC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.machupicchensis TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT CGATAATTAG AATGAAACCC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTCAAA Tarasa.mandonii TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT CGATAATTAG AATGAAACCC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTCAAA Tarasa.spiciformis TATATACATT ATCTAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT CGATAATTAG AATGAAACCC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.albertii TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaA TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaC TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaB TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.capitata TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.geranioides TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.heterophylla TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.humilis TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.latearistata TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.marinii TATATACATT ATATAGATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.meyeri TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.nototrichoides TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.odonellii TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.operculata TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.pediculata TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.rhombifolia TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGATA GA--CTAAAA Tarasa.tarapacana TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.tenella TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.tenuis -----?CATT ATATAAATGA TACATTA-CA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.thyrsoidea TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.trisecta TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA Tarasa.urbaniana TATATACATT ATATAAATGA TACATTAACA TTATAAGTCT AGATAATTAG AATGAAACTC TTTTTAGA-- ----CTAAAA
152
2490 2500 2510 2520 2530 2540 2550 2560 Modiolastrum.lateritium AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTGTAG CTATTATA-- ---------- Modiola.caroliniana AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTATA-- ---------- Urocarpidium.albiflorum AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAA-- ---------- Fuertesimalva.limensis AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTATA-- ---------- Fuertesimalva.jacens AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTATA-- ---------- Sphaeralcea.angustifolia AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AA------TG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ---------- Sphaeralcea.cordobensis AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAA TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ----AATTAG Sphaeralcea.crispa AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAA TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ----AATTAG Sphaeralcea.wrightii AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AA------TG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ---------- Sphaeralcea.philippiana AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAA TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ---------- Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia AATTTGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Nototriche.anthemidifolia AATTTGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Malacothamnus chilensis AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCTAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAACT- ---------- Tarasa.machupicchensis AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ---------- Tarasa.mandonii AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ---------- Tarasa.spiciformis AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAG TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ---------- Tarasa.albertii AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAA TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaA AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaC AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaB AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.capitata AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AA------TG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AA------TG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.geranioides AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.heterophylla AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAGATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.humilis AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAA TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAATT AAATAATTAG Tarasa.latearistata AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.marinii AATTTGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.meyeri AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.nototrichoides AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.odonellii AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AA------TG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.operculata AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ---------- Tarasa.pediculata AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ---------- Tarasa.rhombifolia AATTTGAATT ATCTTCGAAA TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AA-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.tarapacana AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.tenella AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- Tarasa.tenuis AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAA TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAATA ATTAGTTCTA Tarasa.thyrsoidea AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ---------- Tarasa.trisecta AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAA TCGAAAT--- ---AGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTAAAT- ---------- Tarasa.urbaniana AATTCGAATT ATCTTCGAAT TCGAAATCGA AATAGAAATG AATGGAATAA TTAGTTCTAG CTATTA---- ---------- 2570 2580 2590 2600 2610 2620 2630 2640 Modiolastrum.lateritium ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------CTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Modiola.caroliniana ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------CTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Urocarpidium.albiflorum ---------- ---------- ---------- -----TAATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATTCATA A-------TG Fuertesimalva.limensis ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------CTAT AAAATTAATA A-------TG Fuertesimalva.jacens ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------CTAT AAAATTAATA A-------TG Sphaeralcea.angustifolia ---------- ---------- ---------- ------AATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTAAACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TTCTAGCTAT TAAATAATTA GTTCTAGCTA TTAAATAATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG
153
Sphaeralcea.crispa TTCTAGCTAT TAAATAATTA GTTCTAGCTA TTAAATAATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Sphaeralcea.wrightii ---------- ---------- ---------- ------AATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Sphaeralcea.philippiana ---------- ---------- ---------- ------AATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Nototriche.anthemidifolia ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Malacothamnus chilensis ---------- ---------- ---------- ------AATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.machupicchensis ---------- ---------- ---------- ------AATT AGTTCTAACT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.mandonii ---------- ---------- ---------- ------AATT AGTTCTAACT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.spiciformis ---------- -----AATTA GTTCTAGCTA TTAAATAATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.albertii ---------- -----AATTA GTTCTAGCTA TTAAATAATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.antofagastanaA ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.antofagastanaC ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.antofagastanaB ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.capitata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.geranioides ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATACTG Tarasa.heterophylla ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.humilis TTCTAGCTAT TAAATAATTA GTTCTAGCTA TTAAATAATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.latearistata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.marinii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.meyeri ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.nototrichoides ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.odonellii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.operculata ---------- ---------- ---------- ------AATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.pediculata ---------- ---------- ---------- ------AATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.rhombifolia ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.tarapacana ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.tenella ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.tenuis GCTATTAAAT AATTAGTTCT AGCTATTA-- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.thyrsoidea ---------- ---------- ---------- ------AATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.trisecta ---------- -----AATTA GTTCTAGCTA TTAAATAATT AGTTCTAGCT ATTATACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG Tarasa.urbaniana ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----TACTAT AAAATAAATA ATTAATAATG 2650 2660 2670 2680 2690 2700 2710 2720 Modiolastrum.lateritium AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATA----- Modiola.caroliniana AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATA----- Urocarpidium.albiflorum AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTCTTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGGT TATCTTATT Fuertesimalva.limensis AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTCTTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT ATTTTCTTTT TTTA-GTTAT CTTATTATGG TTATCTTATT Fuertesimalva.jacens AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT ATTTTCTTTT TTTAGGTTAT CTTATTATGG TTATCTTATT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Sphaeralcea.crispa AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Sphaeralcea.wrightii AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Sphaeralcea.philippiana AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Nototriche.anthemidifolia AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Malacothamnus chilensis AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.machupicchensis AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.mandonii AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA
154
Tarasa.spiciformis AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.albertii AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.antofagastanaA AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TGATTTTTTT TAGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.antofagastanaC AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TGATTTTTTT TAGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.antofagastanaB AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TGATTTTTTT TAGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.capitata AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.geranioides AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.heterophylla AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.humilis AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTAT------ Tarasa.latearistata AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTC TGATTTTTTT TAGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATACCTTA Tarasa.marinii AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.meyeri AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TGATTTTTTT TAGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.nototrichoides AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TGATTTTTTT TAGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.odonellii AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.operculata AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.pediculata AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTAT------ Tarasa.rhombifolia ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.tarapacana AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.tenella AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TGATTTTTTT TAGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.tenuis AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.thyrsoidea AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.trisecta AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA Tarasa.urbaniana AATAAATTCA ATTTGCATTT TTATTTTTTT –AGTTATCTT A--------- ---------- ----TTATGG TTATATCTTA 2730 2740 2750 2760 2770 2780 2790 2800 Modiolastrum.lateritium ---------- ---------- ---------- -TAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATC AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Modiola.caroliniana ---------- ---------- ---------- -TAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATC AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Urocarpidium.albiflorum ATGGTTATA- ---------- ---------- -TAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATC AAAATAAAAT TCAAGAAAAA Fuertesimalva.limensis ATGGTTATA- ---------- ---------- -TAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATC AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Fuertesimalva.jacens ATGGTTATA- ---------- ---------- -TAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATC AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Sphaeralcea.crispa TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Sphaeralcea.wrightii TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Sphaeralcea.philippiana TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia TTATGGTTAT TTATATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAATAAAAA Nototriche.anthemidifolia TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAATAAA?A Malacothamnus chilensis TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.machupicchensis TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATC AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.mandonii TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATC AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.spiciformis TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATC AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.albertii TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaA TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaC TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.antofagastanaB TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.capitata TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATAAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
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Tarasa.corrugata TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.geranioides TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.heterophylla TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.humilis ---------- ---------- ---------- ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.latearistata TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAGAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.marinii TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAATAAAAA Tarasa.meyeri TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.nototrichoides TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.odonellii TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.operculata TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.pediculata ---------- ----ATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAATAAAAA Tarasa.rhombifolia ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.tarapacana TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.tenella TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.tenuis TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.thyrsoidea TTATGGTTA- ---------- ---------T ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.trisecta TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA Tarasa.urbaniana TTATGGTTA- ---TATCTTA TTATGGTTAT ATAGGATAGT CTAATAAAAG GATAAGAATA AAAATGAAAT TAAAGAAAAA 2810 2820 2830 2840 2850 2860 2870 2880 Modiolastrum.lateritium AAGATACAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACT----- CTTTTGTTTT CATTCAAAA- ---------- Modiola.caroliniana AAGATACAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCTTTT GTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Urocarpidium.albiflorum AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Fuertesimalva.limensis AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATCAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Fuertesimalva.jacens AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATCAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Sphaeralcea.angustifolia AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Sphaeralcea.cordobensis AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Sphaeralcea.crispa AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Sphaeralcea.wrightii AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Sphaeralcea.philippiana AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTT- CATTCATAAA ---------- Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Nototriche.anthemidifolia AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT C?TCTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Malacothamnus chilensis AAGATACAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CAT-CATAAA ---------- Tarasa.machupicchensis AAGATACAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATTCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.mandonii AAGATACAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATTCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTT- CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.spiciformis AAGATAGAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATTCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCACAAA ---------- Tarasa.albertii AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCAT--- ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaA AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaC AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaB AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.capitata AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGATTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCAT--- ---------- Tarasa.geranioides AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.heterophylla AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.humilis AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.latearistata AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.marinii AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.meyeri AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.nototrichoides AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.odonellii AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ----------
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Tarasa.operculata AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA TCTTTTGTTT Tarasa.pediculata AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.rhombifolia ---------- ---------- ---ATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.tarapacana AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.tenella AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.tenuis AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.thyrsoidea AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.trisecta AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- Tarasa.urbaniana AAGATGCAAC CCATAGAAAT GAAATCCAGA TCATAATGAG AGACTCCTTT CTTTTGTTTT CATTCATAAA ---------- 2890 2900 2910 2920 2930 2940 2950 2960 Modiolastrum.lateritium ---------- GGCGGAAGCT AAGA------ ---------- -CGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTGAGAATAA Modiola.caroliniana ---------- GGCGGAAGCT AAGT------ ------CCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTGAGAATAA Urocarpidium.albiflorum ---------- GGGGTCCATT ACAAATGCG- ------CCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CGGAGAGTAA Fuertesimalva.limensis ---------- GGCGGAAGCT AAGAAAAAGA ATCGA-CCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTGAGAGTAA Fuertesimalva.jacens ---------- GGCG------ ---------- ---------- ---------- -ACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTGAGAGTAA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGGAAAAAG AATCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CACAAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis ---------- -GGC------ ---------- ---------T TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Sphaeralcea.crispa ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGGAAAAAG AATCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Sphaeralcea.wrightii ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGGAAAAAG AATCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CACAAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Sphaeralcea.philippiana ---------- -GGCGGAAG- ---------- ------CCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Nototriche.flabellata ---------- ---------- ---------- ------CCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Nototriche.pedicularifolia ---------- -GGC------ ---------- ---------- ---AGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Nototriche.anthemidifolia ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGG------ ------CCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Malacothamnus chilensis ---------- -GGCGCCGTT CGG------- ---------- ---AGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTGAGAGTAA Tarasa.machupicchensis ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAAGAAAAAG AATCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTGAGAGTAA Tarasa.mandonii ---------- -GGCG----- ---------- ---------- -CGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTGAGAGTAA Tarasa.spiciformis ---------- -GGC------ --GGAAAAAG AATCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTGAGAGTAA Tarasa.albertii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --GAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.antofagastanaA ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGG------ ------CCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.antofagastanaC ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGG------ ------CCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.antofagastanaB ---------- -GGCGG---- ---------- ---------- -CGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.capitata ---------- -GGCG?CAGC T?GG------ ------CCGT -CGAGTATTC CACCA?ATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.cardenasii ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------TTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.cerratei ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGGAAAAAG AATCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.congestiflora ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------TTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAT Tarasa.corrugata ---------- ---GAAAGGC G?-------- ------CCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.geranioides ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGGAAAAAG AATCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.heterophylla ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGGAAAAAG AATCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.humilis ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGG------ ------CCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.latearistata ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGGAAAAAG AGTCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.marinii ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGGAAAAAG AATCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.meyeri ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGG------ ------CCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.nototrichoides ---------- -GGCG----- ---------- ---------- -CGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.odonellii ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGGAAAAAG AATCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CA-----TTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.operculata TCATTCATAA AGGCGC---- ---------- ---------- TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTGAGAGTAA Tarasa.pediculata ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGGAAAAAG AATCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAT Tarasa.rhombifolia ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGG------ ------CCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.tarapacana ---------- -GGCGG---- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----AATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.tenella ---------- -GGCG----- ---------- ---------- --GAG-ATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.tenuis ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGGAAAAAG AATCGACCGT TCGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.thyrsoidea ---------- -GGCGGAAGC TAGG------ ------CCGT -CGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTGAGAGTAA Tarasa.trisecta ---------- -GGCGGCAGC TAGG------ ---------- -CGAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA Tarasa.urbaniana ---------- -GGCG----- ---------- ---------- --GAGTATTC CACCAAATTG CCTGATAAAA CTTAGAGTAA
157
2970 2980 2990 3000 3010 3020 3030 3040 Modiolastrum.lateritium T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Modiola.caroliniana T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Urocarpidium.albiflorum TTAGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Fuertesimalva.limensis T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATAGTT TCTGATTGGA Fuertesimalva.jacens T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Sphaeralcea.crispa T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Sphaeralcea.wrightii T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Sphaeralcea.philippiana T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Nototriche.flabellata T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Nototriche.pedicularifolia T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Nototriche.anthemidifolia T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Malacothamnus chilensis T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.machupicchensis T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.mandonii T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.spiciformis T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.albertii T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.antofagastanaA T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.antofagastanaC T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.antofagastanaB T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.capitata T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.cardenasii T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.cerratei T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.congestiflora ATAGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.corrugata T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.geranioides T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.heterophylla T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.humilis T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.latearistata T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.marinii T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ATAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.meyeri T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.nototrichoides T-AGGGGCCT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.odonellii T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.operculata T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.pediculata ATAGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.rhombifolia T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.tarapacana T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.tenella T-AGGGGCCT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.tenuis T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.thyrsoidea T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.trisecta T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA Tarasa.urbaniana T-AGGGGCAT ATATATGTTA TGGAATACCC ATCTATATTG AATTGCGAAT ACAGAAATGA TAAAATATTT TCTGATTGGA 3050 3060 3070 3080 3090 3100 3110 3120 Modiolastrum.lateritium CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCGT- Modiola.caroliniana CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCGT- Urocarpidium.albiflorum CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACAAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Fuertesimalva.limensis CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACAAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT TAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTTC Fuertesimalva.jacens CCAAATAAAA ATAAATAGGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACAAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTTC Sphaeralcea.angustifolia CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Sphaeralcea.cordobensis CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACTCTT-
158
Sphaeralcea.crispa CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACTCTT- Sphaeralcea.wrightii CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Sphaeralcea.philippiana CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACTCTT- Nototriche.flabellata CCAAATCAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AAAAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Nototriche.pedicularifolia CCAAATCAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Nototriche.anthemidifolia CCAAATCAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Malacothamnus chilensis CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCGT- Tarasa.machupicchensis CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCGT- Tarasa.mandonii CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCGT- Tarasa.spiciformis CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCGT- Tarasa.albertii CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACTCTT- Tarasa.antofagastanaA CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.antofagastanaC CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.antofagastanaB CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.capitata CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.cardenasii CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGAGAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.cerratei CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.congestiflora CCAAATCAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.corrugata CCAAATAAAA AAAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.geranioides CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.heterophylla CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.humilis CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.latearistata CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.marinii CCAAATCAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.meyeri CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.nototrichoides CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.odonellii CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGAGAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.operculata CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.pediculata CCAAATCAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.rhombifolia CCAAATCAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.tarapacana CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.tenella CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.tenuis CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGAC?CTT- Tarasa.thyrsoidea CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GACACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAAAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.trisecta CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAG AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- Tarasa.urbaniana CCAAATAAAA ATAAATATGG GTCTCCGATA GAGACGAAAA AAGATAAACA AACAAGAAAT AAAATAGGTA AAGACCCTT- 3130 3140 3150 3160 3170 3180 3190 3200 Modiolastrum.lateritium ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATTCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Modiola.caroliniana ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATTCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Urocarpidium.albiflorum ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATTCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA ATAAA----- ---------- Fuertesimalva.limensis ATTCAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATTCAA CGGTTTCACA TAAAAAGAAA ATAAA----- ---------- Fuertesimalva.jacens ATTCAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATTCAA CGGTTTCACA TAAAAAGAAA ATAAA----- ---------- Sphaeralcea.angustifolia ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Sphaeralcea.cordobensis ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Sphaeralcea.crispa ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Sphaeralcea.wrightii ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Sphaeralcea.philippiana ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Nototriche.flabellata ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Nototriche.pedicularifolia ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Nototriche.anthemidifolia ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Malacothamnus chilensis ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTAGATCTA CTAAATTCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA ATAAATATAA TGAAAGAAAA Tarasa.machupicchensis ---CAATATA AGAATCCGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATTCAA AGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA A--------- ---------- Tarasa.mandonii ---CAATATA AGAATCCGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATTCAA AGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA A--------- ----------
159
Tarasa.spiciformis ---CAATATA AGAATCCGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATTCAA AGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA ATAAATA-AA TGAAAGAAAA Tarasa.albertii ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaA ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaC ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.antofagastanaB ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.capitata ---CAATATA AGAATCCATA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.cardenasii ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.cerratei ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.congestiflora ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.corrugata ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.geranioides ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.heterophylla ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.humilis ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.latearistata ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.marinii ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.meyeri ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.nototrichoides ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.odonellii ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.operculata ---CAATATA AGAATCAATA TTTATATCTA CTAAATACAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.pediculata ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.rhombifolia ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.tarapacana ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.tenella ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.tenuis ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.thyrsoidea ---CAATATA AGAATCAATA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.trisecta ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- Tarasa.urbaniana ---CAATATA AGAATCAGTA TTTATATCTA CTAAATGCAA CGGTTTCGCA TAAAAAGAAA GAAAA----- ---------- 3210 3220 3230 3240 3250 3260 3270 3280 Modiolastrum.lateritium TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?AAGGTA GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Modiola.caroliniana TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?AAGGTA GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Urocarpidium.albiflorum TAAATAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?AAGGTA GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Fuertesimalva.limensis --------TA AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?AAGGTA GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCCA?TCTCA Fuertesimalva.jacens --------TA AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?AAGGTA GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Sphaeralcea.crispa TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Sphaeralcea.wrightii TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Sphaeralcea.philippiana TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAACTGAGAT CCTAATCTCA Nototriche.flabellata TAAACAAATG AAAGAAACGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GGCGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Nototriche.pedicularifolia TAAACAAATG AAAGAAACGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG CGGGCATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Nototriche.anthemidifolia TAAACAAATG AAAGAAACGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG CGGGCATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Malacothamnus chilensis TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?AAGGTA GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.machupicchensis TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?AAGGTA GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.mandonii TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?AAGGTA GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.spiciformis TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAGGGAGGG AGA?AAGGTA GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.albertii TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.antofagastanaA TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.antofagastanaC TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.antofagastanaB TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.capitata TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.cardenasii TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.cerratei TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTA-TCTCA Tarasa.congestiflora TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA
160
Tarasa.corrugata TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.geranioides TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.heterophylla TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.humilis TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.latearistata TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.marinii TAAACAAATG AAAGAAACGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.meyeri TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.nototrichoides TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.odonellii TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.operculata TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.pediculata TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.rhombifolia TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.tarapacana TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACAGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAG-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.tenella TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GGGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.tenuis TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.thyrsoidea TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.trisecta TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAC-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA Tarasa.urbaniana TAAACAAATG AAAGAAAGGG GAAAGGAGGG AGA?------ GACGGAAGGG ----CATCC- TAAG-GAGAT CCTAATCTCA 3290 Modiolastrum.lateritium AGACACAAAG G Modiola.caroliniana AGACACAAAG G Urocarpidium.albiflorum AGACACAAAG G Fuertesimalva.limensis AT?CGCAGA? G Fuertesimalva.jacens AAACACAAAG G Sphaeralcea.angustifolia AGACACAAAG G Sphaeralcea.cordobensis AGACACAAAG G Sphaeralcea.crispa AGACACAAAG G Sphaeralcea.wrightii -GACACAAAG G Sphaeralcea.philippiana AGACACAAAG G Nototriche.flabellata AGACACAAAG G Nototriche.pedicularifolia AGACACAAAG G Nototriche.anthemidifolia AGACACAAAG G Malacothamnus chilensis AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.machupicchensis AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.mandonii AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.spiciformis AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.albertii AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.antofagastanaA AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.antofagastanaC AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.antofagastanaB AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.capitata AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.cardenasii AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.cerratei AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.congestiflora AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.corrugata AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.geranioides AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.heterophylla AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.humilis AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.latearistata AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.marinii AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.meyeri AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.nototrichoides AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.odonellii AGACACAAAG G
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Tarasa.operculata AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.pediculata AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.rhombifolia AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.tarapacana AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.tenella AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.tenuis AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.thyrsoidea AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.trisecta AGACACAAAG G Tarasa.urbaniana AGACACAAAG G
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Appendix C. Tarasa and outgroups ITS alignment
ITS1 (1-304), 5.8S (305-468), ITS2 (469-703)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Fuertesimalva.limensis TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACTC AACGAGGGGG -CGTAGATGC ATTCTTGCAC Fuertesimalva.jacens TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACTC AACGAGGGGG -CGTAGATGC ATCCTTGCAC Urocarpidium.albiflorum TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT AAAACAACTC AACGAGGGGG -CGTAAATGC ATCATTGCAC Modiola.caroliniana TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACTA AACGAGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCCTTGCAC Modiolastrum.lateritium TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACTA AACGAGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCCTTGCAC Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACTC CACGAGGGGG -TGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Sphaeralcea.crispa TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACATGATAT CAAACAACTC CACGAGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCCTTGCCC Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TCGAAACCTG CCT-GCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACATGATAT CAAACAACTC CACGAGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCYTTGCCC Sphaeralcea.wrightii TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACTC CACGAGGGGG -TGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Sphaeralcea.philippiana TCGAAACCTG CCT-GCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACATGATAT CAAACAACTC CACGAGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCCTTGCCC Nototriche.flabellata TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Nototriche.anthemidifolia TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -YG-CCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Nototriche.pedicularifolia TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA ACGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Malacothamnus.chilensis TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CATACAACTC CACGAGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCCTTGCCC Tarasa.albertii TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACTA CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCCTTGCCC Tarasa.antofagastanaB TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CGCGGGGGGG -CGCGGACGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.antofagastanaC1 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.antofagastanaA2 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.antofagastanaC2 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.antofagastanaA1 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CGCGGGGGGG -CGCGGACGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.capitata TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT AAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.cardenasii TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.cerratei1 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -TGTGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.cerratei2 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.congestiflora TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGGTGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.corrugata TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT TAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGTGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.geranioides1 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG GCGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.geranioides2 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGCG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.geranioides3 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGTGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.heterophylla TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -YGCGGAYGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.humilis TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -TGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACTA CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCCTTGCCC Tarasa.latearistata1 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGTGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.latearistata2 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT AAAACAACTC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.machupicchensis TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACTC CACGAGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCCTTGCCC Tarasa.mandonii TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACTC CACGAGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCCTTGCCC Tarasa.marinii TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -YGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC
163
Tarasa.meyeri TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT AAAACAACTC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.nototrichoides TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT AAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGAGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.odonelli TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGCG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.operculata1 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT AAAACAACCT CACGGGGGGG GCACGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.operculata2 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCT CACGGGGGGG -CGTGGATGC AACTTTGCTC Tarasa.pediculata TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.rhombifolia TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -TGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.spiciformis TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCCGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACTC CACGAGGGGG -TGCGGATGC ATCCTTGCCC Tarasa.tarapacana1 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT AAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -TGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.tarapacana2 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.tenella TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT AAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.tenuis TCGAAACTTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGTCC Tarasa.thyrsoidea2 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACATGATAT CAAACAACCT CACGGGGGGG -CGTGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.thyrsoidea1 TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -TGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCT CACGGGGGGG -CACGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC Tarasa.trisecta TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -CGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -YGCGGATGC ATC-TTGCCC Tarasa.urbaniana TCGAAACCTG CCTAGCAGAA -TGACCTGTG AACGTGATAT CAAACAACCC CACGGGGGGG -CGCGGATGC ATCTTTGCCC 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 Fuertesimalva.limensis C-AAACCCCC TCGATGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGGCTTTGT CAC-A----- ---------- ---------- ---------- Fuertesimalva.jacens C-AAACCCCC TCGATGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGGCT---- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------TT Urocarpidium.albiflorum C-AAACCCCC TTGATGTCTT AG---TTTGC TTGGCTTCGC ---------- ---------- --------AT GCGAAGTCTT Modiola.caroliniana CCAAACCCCC TCGATGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGGCCTTTC ACC-ATCCGC TCTT---GGG TGGGTGTGAT GGCAGGTCTA Modiolastrum.lateritium CCAAACCCCC TCGATGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGGCCTTTC ACC-ATCCGC TCTT---GGG CGGGTGTGAT GCCAGGTCTT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia C-AAACCCCC TCGTTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCCTTGC CCC-ATCCAC TCTC---GGG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTT Sphaeralcea.crispa C-AAACCCCC TTGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCTTTGC CCC-ATCCAC TCTTTTTGGG CGGTTGARAT GCAAGGTCTT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCTTTGC CCC-ATCCAC TCTC---GGG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT Sphaeralcea.wrightii C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCTTTGC CCC-ATCCAC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAATGTCTC Sphaeralcea.philippiana C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCTTTGC CCC-ATCCAC TCTTTTTGGG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT Nototriche.flabellata C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGT ACC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGCT--T Nototriche.anthemidifolia C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCTTTGT ACC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAG--CTT Nototriche.pedicularifolia C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGT ACC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAG-TCTT Malacothamnus.chilensis C-AAACCCCC TCGATGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCTTTGC CCC-ATCCGC TCTC---TGG CGGTTGAGAT GCCAGGTCTT Tarasa.albertii C-GAACCCCC TCGATGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCTTTGC CCC-ATCCGY TCTC---GCG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT Tarasa.antofagastanaB C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA Tarasa.antofagastanaC1 C-AAACCCCC CCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA Tarasa.antofagastanaA2 C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA Tarasa.antofagastanaC2 C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA Tarasa.antofagastanaA1 C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA Tarasa.capitata C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGATGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT Tarasa.cardenasii C-AAACCCCC TCCGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG TGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA Tarasa.cerratei1 C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA Tarasa.cerratei2 C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA Tarasa.congestiflora C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT Tarasa.corrugata C-AAACCCCC TCGCTGCCTT TG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA Tarasa.geranioides1 C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA Tarasa.geranioides2 C-AGACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC GCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGGTCCT Tarasa.geranioides3 C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA Tarasa.heterophylla C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GYAAGGTCTA Tarasa.humilis C-GAACCCCC TCGATGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCTTTGC CCC-ATCCGC TCTT---GGG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT
164
Tarasa.latearistata1 C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTG Tarasa.latearistata2 C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGATGAGAT GCAAGGTCCT Tarasa.machupicchensis C-AAACCCCC TCGATGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCTTTAC CCC-ATCCGC TCTC---GGG CGGTTGAGAT GCCAGGTCTT Tarasa.mandonii C-AAACCCCC TCGATGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCTTTAC CCC-ATCCGC TCTC---GGG CGGTTGAGAT GCCAGGTCTT Tarasa.marinii C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCAC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCAACGTCTT Tarasa.meyeri C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTA---GAG CGGATGAGAT GCAAGGTCCT Tarasa.nototrichoides C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCCCATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGATGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT Tarasa.odonelli C-AGACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC GCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGGTCCT Tarasa.operculata1 C-GAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCTTTGC CTC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT Tarasa.operculata2 C-GAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT Tarasa.pediculata C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA Tarasa.rhombifolia C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---CGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGGGAT GCAACGTCTT Tarasa.spiciformis C-AAACCCCC TCGATGCTTT GG---TGTGC TTGCCTTTAC CCC-ATCCGC TCTC---GGG CGGTTGAGAT GCCAGGTCTT Tarasa.tarapacana1 C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GGG CGGATGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT Tarasa.tarapacana2 C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGCTTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTGTA Tarasa.tenella C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGATGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT Tarasa.tenuis C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TGGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCGAGGCCTT Tarasa.thyrsoidea2 C-GAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT Tarasa.thyrsoidea1 C-GAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CTC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGGTCTT Tarasa.trisecta C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTT---GAG CGGTTGAGAT GCAAGGCCTT Tarasa.urbaniana C-AAACCCCC TCGGTGCCTT GG---TGTGC TTGTCTTTGC CCC-ATCCTC TCTC---GAG CGGTTGAGTT GCAAGGTCTA 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 Fuertesimalva.limensis ------CTCC AAGGCAAA-- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGCGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATAAAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGTCTG Fuertesimalva.jacens GTCACACTCC AAGGCAAA-- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGCGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATAAAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGTCTG Urocarpidium.albiflorum GTCAC--TCC AAGGCAAAAA CGAACAACCC CCGGCGCGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTAAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGTCTG Modiola.caroliniana GTCAC--TCC GAGGCAAAA- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGCGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATAAAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGTCAG Modiolastrum.lateritium GTCAC--TCC GAGGCAAAA- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGCGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATAAAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGTCTG Sphaeralcea.angustifolia GTCACACTCC AAGGCAAAA- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GATTTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGTTTG Sphaeralcea.crispa GTCACACTCC AAGGCAAAA- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTACGCCAAG GATTTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGTTTG Sphaeralcea.cordobensis GTCACACTCC AAGGCAAAA- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GATTTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGTTTG Sphaeralcea.wrightii GTCACACTCC AAGGCAAAA- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GATTTTAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGTTTG Sphaeralcea.philippiana GTCACACTCC AAGGCAAAA- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTACGCCAAG GATTTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGTTTG Nototriche.flabellata GTC---CCCT GAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCATGT-TG Nototriche.anthemidifolia GTC---CCCT GAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCATGT-TG Nototriche.pedicularifolia GTC---CACT GAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCATGT-TG Malacothamnus.chilensis GTCACACTTC AAGGCAAAA- CAAACAACCC CCGGCGCGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGTTTG Tarasa.albertii GTCACATTCT AAGGCAAAA- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTAAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGTTTG Tarasa.antofagastanaB GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGGAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.antofagastanaC1 GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.antofagastanaA2 GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.antofagastanaC2 GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TA Tarasa.antofagastanaA1 GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGGAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.capitata GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.cardenasii GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTAAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.cerratei1 GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCGCGT-TG Tarasa.cerratei2 GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCGTGT-TG Tarasa.congestiflora GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.corrugata GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.geranioides1 GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCATGT-TA Tarasa.geranioides2 GCC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG
165
Tarasa.geranioides3 GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCGCGT-TG Tarasa.heterophylla GTC----TCC AAGGCTAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.humilis GTCACACTAT AAGGCAAAA- CAAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTAAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGTTTG Tarasa.latearistata1 GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCGCGT-TG Tarasa.latearistata2 GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.machupicchensis GTCACACTTC AAGGCAAAA- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGCGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGTTTG Tarasa.mandonii GTCACACTTC AAGGCAAAA- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGCGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGTTTG Tarasa.marinii GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGCGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.meyeri GTC----TCC AAGGCCAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.nototrichoides GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTAAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.odonelli GCC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.operculata1 GTCACATTCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.operculata2 GTCACATTCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.pediculata GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TA Tarasa.rhombifolia GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCATGT-TG Tarasa.spiciformis GTCACACTTC AAGGCAAAA- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGCGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGTTTG Tarasa.tarapacana1 GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.tarapacana2 GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.tenella GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTAAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.tenuis CTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.thyrsoidea2 GTCACATTCC AAGGCAAAA- TGATCAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACTT-TG Tarasa.thyrsoidea1 GTCACATTCC AAGGCAAAA- CGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.trisecta GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TCAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA ATGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG Tarasa.urbaniana GTC----TCC AAGGCAAAA- TGAACAACCC CCGGCGTGAA TTGCGCCAAG GAATTGAAAA -TGAAAAGAG TGCACGT-TG 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 Fuertesimalva.limensis CTGCCGTCST CCCGTTCGCG GTGTCTGTGC GGTAGTGACG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTCAAA CTACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Fuertesimalva.jacens CTGCCGTCGT CCCGTTCGCG GTGTCTGTGC GGTAGTGACG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA CTACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Urocarpidium.albiflorum CTGTCGTCAT CCCGTTCGCG GTGTCTGTGC GGCAGCAACG CTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Modiola.caroliniana CTGTCGCCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGT GGCAGTGACG CTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Modiolastrum.lateritium CTGTCGCCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGT GGCAGTGGCG CTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia CTGTCGTCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GGCAGTGACG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Sphaeralcea.crispa CTGTCGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGT GGCAGTGACG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGATA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGT GGCAGTGACG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGATA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Sphaeralcea.wrightii CTGTCGTCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GGCAGTGACG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Sphaeralcea.philippiana CTGTCGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGT GGCAGTGACG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGATA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Nototriche.flabellata CTGTTGCCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGAT- TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Nototriche.anthemidifolia CTGTTGCCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGAT- TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Nototriche.pedicularifolia CTGTTGCCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGAT- TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Malacothamnus.chilensis CTGTCGACGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GGCAGTGACG TT---ACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.albertii CTGTCGCCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GGCAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.antofagastanaB CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.antofagastanaC1 TTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTATGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.antofagastanaA2 TTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTATGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.antofagastanaC2 CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.antofagastanaA1 CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.capitata CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.cardenasii CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.cerratei1 CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.cerratei2 CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.congestiflora CTGTTGCCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGACTGAGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA
166
Tarasa.corrugata CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTNTCGGCA Tarasa.geranioides1 CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.geranioides2 TTGTTGCCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTATGTGC GACAGTGATG ATGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATAAAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.geranioides3 CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.heterophylla CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTMTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.humilis CTGTCGCCRT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GGCAGCGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.latearistata1 CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.latearistata2 CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG CTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.machupicchensis CTGTCAACGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGT GGCAGTGACG TT---ACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.mandonii CTGTCAACGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGT GGCAGTGACG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.marinii CTGTTGCCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGACAGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.meyeri CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.nototrichoides CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.odonelli TTGTTGCCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTATGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATAAAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.operculata1 TTGTCGTCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.operculata2 CTGTCGTCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTTTGTAC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.pediculata CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.rhombifolia CTGTTGCCGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.spiciformis CTGTCAACGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGT GGCAGTGACG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.tarapacana1 CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTAAAA TTACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.tarapacana2 CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTTTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.tenella CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTTTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.tenuis CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.thyrsoidea2 CTGTCGTTGT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.thyrsoidea1 TTGTCGTCGC CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT -GTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.trisecta CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTTTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA Tarasa.urbaniana CTGTTGCCAT CCCGTACGCG GTGTCTGTGC GACAGTGATG TTGTTACTTT TGTCGTGAAA ATACAAAACG ACTCTCGGCA 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 Fuertesimalva.limensis ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Fuertesimalva.jacens ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Urocarpidium.albiflorum ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Modiola.caroliniana ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Modiolastrum.lateritium ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGCAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Sphaeralcea.angustifolia ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Sphaeralcea.crispa ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Sphaeralcea.cordobensis ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGCAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Sphaeralcea.wrightii ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Sphaeralcea.philippiana ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGCAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Nototriche.flabellata ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Nototriche.anthemidifolia ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGT-AACCA Nototriche.pedicularifolia ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Malacothamnus.chilensis ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.albertii ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.antofagastanaB ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.antofagastanaC1 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.antofagastanaA2 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.antofagastanaC2 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.antofagastanaA1 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.capitata ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.cardenasii ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA
167
Tarasa.cerratei1 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.cerratei2 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.congestiflora ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.corrugata ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.geranioides1 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.geranioides2 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.geranioides3 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.heterophylla ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.humilis ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.latearistata1 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.latearistata2 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.machupicchensis ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.mandonii ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.marinii ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.meyeri ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.nototrichoides ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.odonelli ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.operculata1 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.operculata2 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.pediculata ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.rhombifolia ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.spiciformis ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGCAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.tarapacana1 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.tarapacana2 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.tenella ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.tenuis ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.thyrsoidea2 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.thyrsoidea1 ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.trisecta ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA Tarasa.urbaniana ACGGATATCT CGGCTCTCGC ATCGATGAAG AACGTAGCGA AATGCGATAC TTGGTGTGAA TTGCAGAATC CCGTGAACCA 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 Fuertesimalva.limensis TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Fuertesimalva.jacens TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Urocarpidium.albiflorum TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Modiola.caroliniana TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Modiolastrum.lateritium TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Sphaeralcea.angustifolia TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Sphaeralcea.crispa TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC TGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Sphaeralcea.cordobensis TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC TGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Sphaeralcea.wrightii TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Sphaeralcea.philippiana TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC TGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Nototriche.flabellata TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Nototriche.anthemidifolia TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Nototriche.pedicularifolia TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTTGCCCCC Malacothamnus.chilensis TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.albertii TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.antofagastanaB TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.antofagastanaC1 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.antofagastanaA2 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.antofagastanaC2 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC
168
Tarasa.antofagastanaA1 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.capitata TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCC- Tarasa.cardenasii TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.cerratei1 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.cerratei2 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.congestiflora TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.corrugata TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.geranioides1 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.geranioides2 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.geranioides3 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.heterophylla TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.humilis TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.latearistata1 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.latearistata2 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCAC Tarasa.machupicchensis TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.mandonii TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.marinii TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.meyeri TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCAC Tarasa.nototrichoides TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.odonelli TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.operculata1 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.operculata2 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.pediculata TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.rhombifolia TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.spiciformis TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.tarapacana1 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.tarapacana2 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.tenella TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.tenuis TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.thyrsoidea2 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT TGTCGCCCC- Tarasa.thyrsoidea1 TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.trisecta TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC Tarasa.urbaniana TCGAGTCTTT GAACGCAAGT TGCGCCCCAA GCCATTAGGC CGAGGGCACG TCTGCCTGGG TGTCACGCAT CGTCGCCCCC 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 Fuertesimalva.limensis -AATCAAATC -TCAGCCCTC CGGCTGCG-T TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Fuertesimalva.jacens -AATCAAATC -TCAGCCCTC CGGCTGCG-T TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Urocarpidium.albiflorum -AATCAAACC CTCAGTCCTC GGGCTGCGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Modiola.caroliniana --ATCAAACC CTGAGCCCTC GGGCTACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAC TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Modiolastrum.lateritium --ATCAAACC CTTATCCCTC GGGCTACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAC TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia --ATCAAACC ATTAGTCCTC GGGCTACGGT TGAAC--TCT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Sphaeralcea.crispa --ATCAAGCC ATTAGTCTTY GGGCTATGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis --ATCAAGCC ATTAGTCTTC GGGCTATGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Sphaeralcea.wrightii --ATCAAACC ATTAGTCCTC GGGCTATGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Sphaeralcea.philippiana --ATCAAGCC ATTAGTCTTC GGGCTATGGT TGAAC--TGY GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Nototriche.flabellata --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TTAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGTCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Nototriche.anthemidifolia --ATCAAACC ATTATCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TTAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGTCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Nototriche.pedicularifolia --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TTAAY--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Malacothamnus.chilensis --ATCAAAAC CTAAGCCCTT GGGCTACGGT TGAAT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTAACC GCTCGCGGCT Tarasa.albertii --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GTGCTACGGT TGAAT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.antofagastanaB --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAGC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT
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Tarasa.antofagastanaC1 --ATCAAACC GTTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAGC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.antofagastanaA2 --ATCAAACC GTTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAGC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.antofagastanaC2 --ATCAAACC GTTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.antofagastanaA1 --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAGC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.capitata --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCTTT GGGCAACGGT TGAAT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.cardenasii --ATTAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCACGGTT Tarasa.cerratei1 --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAGT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.cerratei2 --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGAAACGGT TGAGT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.congestiflora --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCCC GGGCAACGGT TGAAA--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.corrugata --ATCAAACC TTTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.geranioides1 --ATCAAACC TTTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.geranioides2 --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAGCGGT TGAAT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCCCGCGGTT Tarasa.geranioides3 --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAGT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.heterophylla --ATCAAACC RTTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAGC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.humilis --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GTGCTATGGT TGATT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.latearistata1 --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAGT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.latearistata2 --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.machupicchensis --ATCAAACC CTAAGCCCTT GGGCTACGGT TGAAT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.mandonii --ATCCAACC CTWAGCCCTT GGGCTATGGT TGAAT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.marinii --CTCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.meyeri --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.nototrichoides --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT GGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.odonelli --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAGCGGT TGAAT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCCCGCGGTT Tarasa.operculata1 --ATCAACCC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACAGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGTGCTCATC GCTCACGGTT Tarasa.operculata2 --ATCAACCC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAATAGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCACGGTT Tarasa.pediculata --ATCAAACC TTTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.rhombifolia --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.spiciformis --ATCAAACC CTAAGCCCTT GGGCTACGGT TGAAT--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.tarapacana1 --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.tarapacana2 --ATCAAACC TTTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.tenella --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT GGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.tenuis --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC CCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.thyrsoidea2 --ATCAACCC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAATAGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCACGGTT Tarasa.thyrsoidea1 --ATCAACCC ATTTGCCCTC GGGCAACAGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGTGCTCACC GCTCACGGTT Tarasa.trisecta --ATCAAACC ATTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAY--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT Tarasa.urbaniana --ATCAAACC TTTAGCCCTC GGGCAACGGT TGAAC--TGT GGGCGGAAAT TGGCCTCCCG TGCGCTCACC GCTCGCGGTT 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 Fuertesimalva.limensis GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Fuertesimalva.jacens GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Urocarpidium.albiflorum GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Modiola.caroliniana GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC AGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Modiolastrum.lateritium GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GTCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC AGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Sphaeralcea.angustifolia GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Sphaeralcea.crispa GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATCAAGT GCYGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Sphaeralcea.cordobensis GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGAKKAAGT GCCRCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Sphaeralcea.wrightii GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Sphaeralcea.philippiana GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATSAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Nototriche.flabellata GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCTTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Nototriche.anthemidifolia GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GYCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Nototriche.pedicularifolia GGCCTAAAAT MGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT
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Malacothamnus.chilensis GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAT TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTAC GAAGTCGTGT Tarasa.albertii GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGC GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Tarasa.antofagastanaB GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGC Tarasa.antofagastanaC1 GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGC Tarasa.antofagastanaA2 GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGC Tarasa.antofagastanaC2 GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCACGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGT Tarasa.antofagastanaA1 GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGC Tarasa.capitata GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA YGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGC Tarasa.cardenasii GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGC Tarasa.cerratei1 GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGT Tarasa.cerratei2 GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTCAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGC Tarasa.congestiflora GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Tarasa.corrugata GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGT Tarasa.geranioides1 GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGACTCTTTC GTAGTCGTGT Tarasa.geranioides2 GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGC Tarasa.geranioides3 GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGC Tarasa.heterophylla GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGC Tarasa.humilis GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCACGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTATAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Tarasa.latearistata1 GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGC Tarasa.latearistata2 GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGC Tarasa.machupicchensis GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAT TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GAAGTCGTGT Tarasa.mandonii GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAT TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GAAGTCGTGT Tarasa.marinii GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGC Tarasa.meyeri GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGC Tarasa.nototrichoides GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GTCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGC Tarasa.odonelli GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGC Tarasa.operculata1 GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTT GTAGTCGTGC Tarasa.operculata2 GGCCTAAAAT CGAATCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTT GTAGTCGTGT Tarasa.pediculata GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGT Tarasa.rhombifolia GGCCTAAGAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAT TGCTTCTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Tarasa.spiciformis GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAT TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GAAGTCGTGT Tarasa.tarapacana1 GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGC Tarasa.tarapacana2 GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGT Tarasa.tenella GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGT Tarasa.tenuis GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Tarasa.thyrsoidea2 GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTT GTAGTCGTGT Tarasa.thyrsoidea1 GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTT GTAGTCGTGC Tarasa.trisecta GGCCTAAAAT CGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTTAGC TGCCTCGTTC GGAGTCGTGT Tarasa.urbaniana GGCCTAAAAT TGAGTCCTCG GCGATGAAGT GCCGCGACAA TCGGTGGGAA TGCTTTGAGC TGCCTCGTTC GTAGTCGTGT 650 660 670 680 690 700 Fuertesimalva.limensis GC-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAT C-TCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCGCAACRTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Fuertesimalva.jacens GC-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAT C-TCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCGCAACGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Urocarpidium.albiflorum GC-TCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC C-TCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCGCAACGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Modiola.caroliniana GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA CCGCAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Modiolastrum.lateritium GC-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA CCGCAACGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Sphaeralcea.angustifolia GC-ACTCGTC GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TTGCAACGTC AATGCTCGCA TCG Sphaeralcea.crispa YC-ACTCGTY GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCTCAATGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Sphaeralcea.cordobensis KC-ACTMGYT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCTCAATGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Sphaeralcea.wrightii GC-ACTCGTC GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TTGCAACGTC AATGCTCGCA TCG Sphaeralcea.philippiana TC-ACTCGYT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCTCAATGTC GATGCTCGCW TCG
171
Nototriche.flabellata GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTTTGACCC TTTTT-GGSA TCACAAAGTA GATGCTCGCA TCG Nototriche.anthemidifolia GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTTTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTA GATGCTCGCA TCG Nototriche.pedicularifolia GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTTTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCCCAAAGTA GATGCTCGCA TCG Malacothamnus.chilensis GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAATGTT GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.albertii GC-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC ACTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCGCAACGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.antofagastanaB GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.antofagastanaC1 GT-GCTCGTT GATTT-GGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.antofagastanaA2 GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.antofagastanaC2 GT-GCTCGTT GATTT-GGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.antofagastanaA1 GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.capitata GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.cardenasii GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.cerratei1 GT-GCTCGTT GATTT-GGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.cerratei2 GT-GCTCGTT GATTT-GGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.congestiflora GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTTTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACTAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.corrugata GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.geranioides1 GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.geranioides2 GT-GCTCGTT GATTTAGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTCA-GGCA TCACAATGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.geranioides3 GT-GGTCGTT GATTT-GGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.heterophylla GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.humilis TC-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC ACTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCGCAACGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.latearistata1 GT-GGTCGTT GATTT-GGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.latearistata2 GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.machupicchensis GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCGCAATGTT GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.mandonii GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCGCAATGTT GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.marinii GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCCGACCC TTTTTTGGCA TCACTAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.meyeri GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC TCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.nototrichoides GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.odonelli GT-GCTCGTT GATTTAGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTCA-GGCA TCACAATGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.operculata1 AT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTTTGACCC TTTT--GGCA TCACAACGTA GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.operculata2 GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTT--GGCA TCACAACGTA GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.pediculata GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.rhombifolia GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGGCCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACTAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.spiciformis GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCGCAATGTT GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.tarapacana1 GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.tarapacana2 GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.tenella GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.tenuis GT-GCTCGTT GAAT-AGGAC CCTTTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAATGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.thyrsoidea2 GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTT--GGCA TCACAACGTA GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.thyrsoidea1 GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTCTGACCC TTTT--GGCA TCACAACGTA GATGCTCGCA TTG Tarasa.trisecta GT-GCTCGTT GAAT-AGGAC CCTTTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAWGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG Tarasa.urbaniana GT-GCTCGTT GATT-AGGAC CCTTTGACCC TTTTT-GGCA TCACAAAGTC GATGCTCGCA TCG
172
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Vita
Jennifer Alane Tate was born April 25, 1972 in Charleston, Illinois to Ann
Marie and Gary Wayne Tate. She graduated valedictorian from Auburn High
School (Auburn, Illinois) in 1990 and earned a B.S. in Plant Biology from the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1994. During her senior year, she
studied abroad at the University College of North Wales at Bangor. After
graduating, she worked for two years at the Illinois Natural History Survey as a
herbarium assistant. She began the Ph.D. program at the University of Texas at
Austin in August 1996.
Permanent address: 2300 Broadmoor Drive, Apt. 47, Bryan, TX 77802
This dissertation was typed by the author.
