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Sustainability Issues in the European Seaports Sector:
Development of more sustainable and societally integrated ports
Dr Angela CarpenterVisiting Researcher, University of Leeds
Preliminary findings only
Q. What are the sustainability issues in European ports?
Top 10 Sustainability issues from the literature
Environmental priorities of the European port sector 1996 - 2013
Source: Infomarine.net and ESPO Data
Key Environmental Issues in ports 2005Emissions to air (including gases, solid particles and energy; dust is a
significant contribution).Discharges to water (e.g. waste waters, accidental releases during
loading/unloading operations).Releases to soil due essentially to industrial activities.Releases to marine sediments and activities affecting the seabed (such as
dredging).Noise, with its potential impact on population and fauna.Waste generation and dredging disposal.Loss/degradation of terrestrial habitats.Changes in marine ecosystems.Odours.Resource consumption.Port development (land and sea occupation).
Source: Darbra et al (2005)
Key Environmental Issues in Ports 2016
Source: ESPO 2016
Q. What are ports doing to promote sustainability?
Some examples
Aalborg Port: Sustainability CommitmentA port in balance requires sustainable efforts in each of the
Ports of Aalborg's three roles: As business ... We will reduce our energy consumption with 40% by 2020 , and eventually we will be an entirely CO2 - neutral port. As frame ... We will be the market leader in the supply of environmentally sustainable logistics services and facilities, properties and infrastructure. As integrator ... We will ensure that the business areas achieve international standards in terms of sustainability and local environmental cooperation.
Source: http://aalborghavn.dk/environment-(1).aspx
Bremenports GRI Report 2014
Source: http://www.bremenports.de/en/company/our-skills/greenports
Environmental Protection at Bremenports
Source: Greenports: Sustainable Management – Successful Performance
Port Boulogne-Calais Environmental Report 2014“The Ports of the Strait Management Company is committed to the sustainable development of port activities and to demonstrating its capacity to implement an effective environmental policy for controlling and reducing the adverse impacts and effects of our operations on the environment.”
Examples of how it does this include:• having an environmental management programme designed to continuously improve performance of waste recycling, preventing pollution and reducing the consumption of natural resources;• training staff in environmental issues and encourage them to apply the principles of sustainable development to their daily activities;• using natural resources efficiently and reducing their use without significantly altering the quality of service;• protecting natural habitats and monitoring the impacts involving our products and activities in order to reduce their negative impacts; and• identifying the needs and requirements of stakeholders and consult them in developing our programmes.
Source: http://www.portboulognecalais.fr/en/documents
Port of Rotterdam: Sustainability Map/CO2 Footprint
Source: https://www.portofrotterdam.com
“Port of Rotterdam Authority is keen to make the port of Rotterdam the most sustainable port in the world.”
15 sustainability issues in the port
Port of Oslo Environmental Policies – Climate Example
Source: http://www.oslohavn.no/en/environment/environment_in_the_port_of_oslo/
“We have three strategies; a noise strategy, a blue-green strategy and a climate strategy”
Q. What is the European ports industry doing? ESPO / Eco-Port Initiative and Environmental Performance IndicatorsEnvironmental monitoring is crucial for ports both in terms of evaluating the impact of their operations and of prioritising actions accordingly.
Source: http://www.espo.be/media/news/ESPO_EcoPorts%20Port%20Environmental%20Review%202016_updated.pdf
ESPO / Eco-Port Initiative ESPO – the European Sea Ports Organisation – supports effective
environmental management and effective port management of Europe’s sea ports (See: http://www.espo.be for further information)
Since 1994, the vision of EcoPorts has been to create a level playing field on port environmental management in Europe through the sharing of knowledge and experience between port professionals (See: http://www.ecoports.com for further information).
EcoPort Status can be obtained by any port within the broad ESPO membership on completion of a Self Diagnosis Method (SDM) checklist.
A port is awarded Eco-Port Status for providing data on the performance of its environmental management programme and for contributing … to the up-to-date maintenance of the ESPO European Benchmark of performance.
Additional credit is provided to ports that are certified with PERS (port-sector specific environmental management standard) and ISO 14001.
The Eco-Ports Network
ESPO / Eco-Ports Environmental Performance Indicators at February 2016 73 Ports were part of the Eco-Ports Network – Eco-Ports membership
requires ports to complete a Self Diagnosis Method (SDM) checklist 23 ports had PERS Certification (a further 5 awarded in June 2016) –
Port-sector specific environmental management standard 35 ports were ISO 14001 Certified - they are becoming more
environmentally friendly, and reducing their consumption, waste & costs
3 ports were EMAS certified under the EU management instrument developed for companies and organisations to evaluate, report, and improve their environmental performance
6 ports had PERS and ISO 14001 certification (1 in Spain, 2 in Ireland, 1 in Greece & 2 in France); 2 ports (1 Danish and 1 Spanish) had ISO 14001 and EMAS certification; and 1 Spanish port had all 3
ESPO / Eco-Ports SDM MethodThe Self Diagnosis Method (SDM) is a well-established and
widely adopted, time and cost-efficient methodology for identifying environmental risk and establishing priorities for action and compliance.
It provides a concise checklist against which port managers can self-assess the environmental management programme of a port against sector and international performance standards.
The checklist covers: environmental policy, management organization and personnel, environmental training, communication, operational management, emergency planning, environmental monitoring, auditing and review.
Port manager responses are entered into a database and help benchmark port performance against the port sector.
Environmental management indicators and port performance (% of 91 port SDM responses)Key Environmental Management Indicators 2013
(%) 2016 (%)
Certified Environmental Management System (EMS) 54 70
Existence of an Environmental Policy 90 92
Environmental Policy making reference to ESPO Policy Documents 38 34
Existence of an inventory of relevant environmental legislation 90 90
Existence of an inventory of Significant Environmental Aspects 84 89
Definition of objectives and targets for environmental improvement 84 89
Existence of environmental training program for port employees 66 55
Existence of environmental monitoring program 79 82
Documented environmental responsibilities of key personnel 71 85
Publicly available environmental report 62 66
Results from 91 ports in 20 EU maritime statesSource: ESPO Environmental Review 2016
ESPO 5E’s Approach to SustainabilityFor the Ports Sector in Europe, Annex 1 of the ESPO Green Guide sets out good practice examples for port approaches to sustainability. The 5E’s are:Exemplifying: setting a good example when managing
own operations;Enabling: providing conditions that facilitate users and
enhance improved performance;Encouraging: providing incentives to greener port users;Engaging: with users and/or authorities in sharing
knowledge and skills; andEnforcing: setting rules and ensuring compliance.
ESPO Awards on Societal Integration 2009 - 2015 The Award was established in 2009 to promote innovative projects of port authorities that improve societal integration of ports, especially with the city or wider community in which they are located.
Source: http://www.espo.be/publications/espo-award-2015-booklet-with-summary-of-applicatio
Rewarding societal integration - ESPO AwardYear and Port Winning Project
2015 – Dublin Port Company (Ireland) Port Communities Educational Support Programme*
2014 - Port of Koper (Slovenia) No waste, just resources!2013 - Port of Antwerp (Belgium) Heritage, the breadcrumb trail
between city and port2012 - Port of Genoa (Italy) Citizens of the Port – Knowing and
Living the Port of Genoa2011 – Port of Stockholm (Sweden) Hamnvision 2015 (Portvision 2015)2010 – Port of Helsinki (Finland) Port as Part of the City2009 – Port of Gijon (Spain) Gijon Port and City Together
* This project supported early learning through play for children between 18 months and 3 years, provided technology in local schools (iPads, whiteboards, computers) and offered scholarships for children from local communities to go to University.
What comes next?
Issues identified so far:Of the 73 ports in the Eco-Ports Network, only around 20
have documentation in English AND either a 2014 Annual Report or an Environmental Report (or equivalent).
Initial plan was to carry out content analysis of 40 such documents against ESPO 5E’s sustainability criteria – not achieved.
Available reports do not generally categorise sustainability practices in line with 5E’s approach.
Self Diagnosis reports are not available. Details / names of ports contributing to the Top 10
Environmental Issues table are not available – no guarantee that the same ports answered in each year when information was collected by ESPO and/or other sources.
Next Step = Port Survey To be trialled with 40 North Sea ports – some Eco-Port, some notSurvey questions will be based on ESPO 5E’s approachQuestion example: AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT: Is the port involved
in any of the following initiatives? YES/NO. If YES, please provide further details.Exemplifying - setting a good example when managing own
operations by: Investing in low emission and fuel efficient own fleet (vehicles
and vessels)? Using low emission fuels (sulphur, carbon, PM) in operating own
fleet (cars, trucks, service vessels) and terminal equipment (e.g. moveable and non-moveable cranes)?
Other main areas: Energy Conservation & Climate Change; Noise, Waste and Water Management
