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RefeRences An~ BiblfogRapbcv
REFERENCES
EREE'ACE
1. Sodding , P • . J . (1983) , Santal r'le d.icine . Th e Book Trust ,
Calcutt a , ~ . 8-9.
2 . O ' f1a ll ey , L.s.s. ( 1910 ), Be n ga l Di str i ct Gazette ers ,
Santi~l Parganas . B . R . Publi s h ing Co r p ., De lhi (Reprint ,
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3. Troi s i, J. (197 6 ), Th e S a nta l s , Me noh a r Book Service ,
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4. Hunter , W. w. ( 196'3) 1 Th e Annals of Rural · Bengal . In:J.ian
Stud.i e s, Past & Presen·t , Ca l cutta (Re p rint, 1965), p . 83 .
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6 . Gup t a , Ran jan K ( 19 8 4), The Ec ·:momic Life of A Bengal
District . Birbhum : 177 0-18 57. Unive rsity of Bu r:J.wan.
p. 289.
7. I b id, p .73.
8 • Troi s i , J • (19 7 6 ) , Th e S ~ n t r! l • p . 1.
9. Robertson , P . M. (191 5 ), F i n a l Re s->ort on t he Survey and.
Sett l e me nt of the S a ntnls villaqes in th e Rampurhat
and. Sur i subdivisions of ·t h e dis tr ic t of Birbhum,
1909-14. Bengal Secretaria te Bo~k DepOt, Calcutta. p .7
10. Datta - Majum:J nr , f\l abc n :Ju . (195 5 ), Th e Santal, A 3tud.y
i n Culture-Ch a n ge . Govt . of Ind.i a Press, Calcutta.
p . 24-26.
CHAPTER - I
1. Bagchi, K . & Kukherj ec , K. N. (1 979), DJagonistic Survey
of Rarh Benga l. Un iversity o f Ca l cutta , p .12 .
-.239-
2 . O ' Mal l ey , L.s.s. (1910), Be n ga l Listrict Gazetteers .
Rirbhum, Calcutta , p .3 I
3. .Majumdar, Durgadas ( 1975), we s t Be n <;:Je l Di stric t Ga zettee rs .
Birbhum, Govt. of Wes ·t Eeng<tl, p . 14 -20.
4 . O ' Ma lley, L.s.s. (1.910 ), Ben<:Ja l Di. s t~r i ct Gazettee r s ,
Birb hum. p .34.
5 . Majumda r, Durg a das ( i975 ), Be n 0a l District Gazetteers,
Birbhum. pp 44-47.
6 . Mitra, Asok (1951), Dis t r ict Hand b ook. Birbhum, Govt .
o f West Ben g a l. P XXViii- XXiX.
7. Majumd~r, Durgadas (1 975), Be ng a l Distr ict Gazetteers ,
Birbhum. p p 19 4-95.
G. I b i d . p .190.
9 . Chattop adhyay, K .P. (19 63), Some Materials for Social
E ::1ucation o f 'l' ribals :L n Eastern In di a . C a lcutta Univ ers ity,
' Co.\ C u.. \to.. ' p L\ '
10. Hunter ( w. w. (1883) I Ann a l s o f }!,Ur n l Benga l. p . r '.83 .
11. Da tta-Majumdn.r , Naben::1u . (1955 ), 'l'h e S a nta l- A Study
in Culture Ch a n ge . p . 25 .
12 . Hun ter , w.w. (1 883), Ann a l s o f Rur a l Be n g a l, p,~4.
13. Robe rts o n , P~M . (19 1 5 ), Fina l i-<.eport on th e Surv ey a nd
Settleme nt of th e g ,-· nt n l vill <VJ CS in U1 c R:, mpurh <J t <'tnd I
Suri subdiv i s ions o f t.h e :U s u- i c-L of Birbhum , 1910-14,p.8.
CHAP'I'ER-II
1.
2 .
Cl arke, Johtt I (19 69 ), Popul c;c tion Geo g r a phy. Pergamon
Pre s s , Oxford . p . 62 .
Ch an d nn , E .C . & S idhu, Ma n ji t . 3 . ( 1980 ), I ntroduction
to Popul c::•t i on Geo q r u.ph y . Ku l ya ni p · l' l uo l S 1e rs , New Delhi , p . GG .
- 240-
3. Cl arke, J ohn I (19 69 ), Fopul <1 tion Geo C] r aphy . p . 62 .
4 . Tr e wartha , Gl e un 'I' . (19 69) , A Geo g r aphy o f Popul a tion:
Worl :J P a ttern. John Hiley & S o n s . I NC. 19 69 . pp.114-115.
5 . Bh a n:J.c , As h a & Kanitk .-~ r, 'l'ar a (1 978 ), Pri ncip l e s of
Popula tion Stu:J.i es . Himc: l c:_, y 2 Pub li s hing House , Bombay ,
p .17 5 .
6 . Das , A.K. & Basu , S.K. (1 982 ), An ove rview of Santals -
Their Past , Present ard Future . w (Ro y Uj jal K. I Da s ,
A . K . & Basu , S . K . f'ds . , To Be Wi th S o nt a l s . Spl.
S e ries , 28 • Cultur a l Resear c h Ins titute , Ca lcutt.a . p.3~.
7 . Ch a kraborty, Kukul & Mulm e rj c e , Dip a k (1971), Indi a n
Tr ibe s . ·s a raswa tx Librar y , Cu U:u tta . pp. 130-33.
8 . Sinha , V.C. & Za ch uri o , B . (19 81), El e ments o f Demogra
phy . Allie ::1 Publis h e rs Pvt . Ltd . , De lhi, pp . 2 3 2-38.
9 . Risely , H. H . (1891 ), Th e T ribes 2n:l C Ciste s o f Bengal .
Vol . II. P i r rn n t-'!ukh opa:.:1h a ya , Ca lcutta (Reprint , 1981).
p . 227.
10. Clarke, .J ohn I ( 19 69 ), Popul e tion GeO(Jraphy, pp .79-80•
11. Ibid.
12. 'I' r e wnrtha , Gl e un T . (1 9 ()9 ), A Coogr nphy c f Popu~ <e1tion:
Worl ~J P <'lt tern , p . 131.
13. Govt . o f Itjl:3i a ( 19 8 4 ), Repo rt of th e Working Group on
De v e l opme nt o f: Sch c ::'lu l c d 'l'r ib8 s Dur inq Seventh F ive
Year Pl an (19 80- 85) . p . 144.
14. Cens us of Indi a (1981 ), We s t Beng2 l . P a rt VA & B . p .144 .
15. Baner j ee , He rnendr a Na th (1 962), S e1 tutary SafQ'uards
fo r Schedul e d Tribes a n ::l Sche:Jul e:J C0stc s . Bull e tin o f
Cu l tur ,-. l R? se a rch I n~~ Li 'L-u tc , 1 (i ) . p . 18 .
16. Das, A.K. & S.K.Basu (198 2 ), An Overview of Santals -
Their P~st, Pre sen t and Future. p .3 4 .
17. Rayappa, P Hanuma nt0 & Ha thurayppa (1986), Backwardness
and We l f a re o f Sc h e dul e d castes and Scheduled 'Tribes
in India. Ash ish Pu bl i sr .ing l-lo'llse , New Delhi. pP. 38-39.
18 . Kulka r ni, Shar a d (19 8C' ), Triba l E d11C <c "lion an:J Develop
ment - The Right Approa ch. In (Deog aonkar, S.G. ·~· ' ,
Problems of Developmc n t of Tribal ArC:! as, Leeladev.i
Publica tions, Delhi. p. 45).
19. Panda, K.C. (1980), Probl ems o f Tribal Education: Some
Emerging Trends and Str a tegies for cha nge. In (Mahapatra,
P .c. & Panda, D. Ed. : , Tribal Problems of Today and
Tomorrow. Sabari Cultur a l Society, Bhubaneswa r, p.7;.
20. Ibid.
2 1. Das , A.K. & S a h a , Ramen ~1r a. Na th ( 19 89 ), we st Bengal -
Scheduled Castes and Sch t.:~ dul ed 'l'ribes . Spl.Series, 32.
Bulleti :1 of Cul turu. l Research Inst~£, Ca lcutta,pp.99-104.
22. Govt. of India (1984), Report o f the Working Group on
Development of Scheduled Tribes During Seventh Five Year
Plan (19 80-85). pp.14tl-45.
23. Clarke, John , I (19 G9 ), Popul cl tion GeoCJru.phy . p.96.
24. Das, A.K. & Dasu, S.K. (1982), An Overview of Santals
Their Past, Pres etJt a nd Future. p .34. I
25. Risely, H .H. (1891), The Tribes () nd C()s tes of Bengal,p.224.
26. Ibid.
CHAPTBR III
1. Ros s , John A. (1982), Inte rna tion a l Encyclopaed.ia of
l'•1puL~ tio n , The f r ee Prc:~s , L >n~io tt. p .240.
- 242 -
2 . Cl a rke , Joh n . I . (1969 ). Popul c tion G2oqr 2 phy . Pergamon
Press , Ox f ord r .l03.
3 . Trewurth:n , Gl e u n . 'LA . ( 1969 ). :::~e · ) Qraphy Popul c:ti o n
worl :3 Patterm> . Joh n 1/'Jilely and 3on o; , rJC . p . 96 .
4 . Govt . of I rdi i1 (l<)n6- 8 7 ). Year. Ge>ok o f vamily We l fcre
Programme i n In Jia , l'linistry o -r Hea l t11 2nd F c.rni l y 1,'1 E~ l-
fare • p . 94 .
5 . Verm2 , K . K . Cul t ure (1917). EcoJ.ogy and P•:>pul <tion ,
:Ja tiona l Publish i ng Hous e , New De Hli . p . 143 .
6 . Chaudhur y , r. af iqul. Hu:Ja ( 19 82 ). 3oci c:•l At~pects of
R'ertH. i ty. Vik as Publ i s hing f--i ow::;e , ~Tc v; Delhi , '' . 10 6 .
7. Chandna , i:;. . c . 6.c Sidhu , Me.njit :; , (198 3 ) ., .Introduction · to
Population Geography. Kalyani Publishers , Delhi, p . 42. 0
B. Oberoi, A.S. & S i ngh , H . K . I'-1 . ( 19f:H) I'·1i grati on , Ur bani
sation a nd ?erti li t y : The Case of t he In dian Punj c:Jb .
Artha Vijna n a 23( 3 & 4). p . 263 .
9. Hansraj ( 1984 ) Popu l ati ~ n Studies , Surjeet Public ~tion~ ,
Delhi, p . 76.
1 0 . Oberoi, A . S & Si ngh , H . K . H . ( 1981 ) l'ligratio n , 1Jrb2 :J i
s c. tion a n:J F e rtility : The cuse ·)[ the In:::1i a n Punj ao
( P . 2 62.
1 1. :Jberoi, A . S . & 1-J. K. . t-'i<:lnrnoh an S i n gh (1983 ) Ca uses &
C ; nsequc nces of I n terna.l Hi ._; ration . De l hi Oxfor 5 Uni
versity Pr e ss , p . 348 .
12. Chau:Jhury, Raf i qul . Huda (1982 ) 3 o cial As p e cts of
F er t i 1 it y , p • 1.
13 . Le i benstein , 1L ( 19 74) An Inter preta tio n o[ Th e Sconomic
'l'heory of l··ert ility : Pro•11isinq ?c'.tr' or :D li !!~1 All e y· .
Journa l of Economic Lite r ature ( 12 ), p . 460 .
14. Cl arke , J :)hn I I ( 1969 ) Po p ul a tion c;c o g r t-.o)hy I p . 11 2 .
15 . I b i:::l .
-243-
16. C'r)andn a , r. . s . & :-1anjit 3 . :Jidl<u (1980) , r ntro duction to
P0pu l il tion <.;eoq r a~hy , p . 35.
17 . Bhande, Ash a & Tara Kan itka r (1 9 1 B), Pr incip les of
POIJUlation Studi es . Hirn<.l l c:ya P"llb l i sh inCJ House, Bomba y 1
:J . 194.
18 . .Si dd i qui, Tn r<'lsat Ali (19 7 8 ), Ro l e of r1ortali ty on
Heq i o n a l Di str i bution or Popu l 2t ion Co mpo sition. An
An a lytica l Appr oach. 'I'I-t.£...12~~_9eographer I 17 (2).
p~ 479- 85 .
19. 3arka r, Ja ya nta (1971 ), Co mparativ e An a lysis of De a th
Ha t es Amon.:J the S untc' l ::; of 'l'wo Bihgr V.ilJ c;qes , Man in
I n di <.J , 5 1 ( 2 ) , . • 14 4 • --- '
20 . Ver ma K . K . (197 7 ), c·u l ·tl.Xe , C:c.:::J l oqy cm::J. Popu lction, p .109.
2 1. Ross , John A. (19 82 ) I In t .ernational Encyclopae~ia of
p6 pu l c tion (1) Th e P r ee Press , London p .340.
22 . ~o:Jgess , C . B . (197 9 ),Income r~n:J Inequa li ty as Deter
mina nts o f Mort ulit y . An I nter n at i o n al Cross S ec tion
Ana ly s i s , Popul a tion 3 tu :J j_es 33 ( 2) , p .343.
24 . 'l,hompson, Wa rrenS and Davi:J '1: . Le,,,is (1953),Popul a -
tLm Probl e ms . Tet.a tvlc . Gr <'lw Hil l Publishing, New Delhi ,
p . 3 68 .
2 5. Ilober a[ f , J . i.J , J .w. Me Uon <1 l d & .3 . 0 . Pt.;ts <te i .n (19 84 ),
Socio-Scono:ni"c F<:v.::tors ln I n ~- .::m t c; nJ Ch ild Mor·t?l ity :
A Cross i.Jat ionr~ 1 Cornp.•r i s on . Popu l C! tiO!l 3-Lu dies 3 8 (2 ) J
26 . Verma K . K . (1971),cul t ur e , ::.:c ·,l o •w .::; rd Popul <:1 tio n,
~ '!C1tion a l Publ:Lshin g House I New De lhi I p . 109 .
2 7. Chr::.stoph er , Wil~on Ed . (1 98 5 ), ·.:.·h e:: Dictionc::ry o f
Demogra L)h y , Pre sses U n iv c-~rsi t i cs 1 Fr2nce , ~' · 144 .
2b . ::...:, iL::borrov.• , ~- · .E. ;)!.x.:roi , A. 3 . ,: n "~ 3tnJJinq ':J . ( 1984 ),
f· l.i rr-:1 i...i )II :;1 :1 ·..;· ·y. ; .i •1 LUir! l r ll'rl:\ 1< C.: r;u rJ lr i• : :; C ··) JICI Ilelm
KL:tlL , l)p . 14 -1 v .
-244-0
29. Clarke, John. I. (1969),Population Geography,. Pergamo n
Press, Oxford pp. 124-25.
CHAI>TER IV
1. Misra, sachidanand.(1980),Politica l socia lis a tion in
Rural India, Inter In ::l i a Publication , New Delhi, p . 8 6 .
2. United Nations. Hand book o f Popul a tion Census Method
(II) (1958),Economic Chanacteristics of the Populati on
New York, p.28-29.
3. Bhande, Asha & Tara Kanitkar~ (1978),Princip l es of
~ Popul ation Studie s. Himalaya Publishing House , Bombay ,
p. 172-74.
4. Trewartha, Gleun T. (1969), A Geography o f Popul a tion:
World Patterns. Joh n Wiley & Son§ I NC. p .1 67.
5. Ch ardn a , R . c . & Manjit & Sidhu ( 1980) An Intro::luction to
~opulation Geography, Kalyani Publishers, Delhi, p.10.
6. Census of India, (1981) west Bengal, Part IIIA & B {IV ),
p. XIII.
7. Pal, Sas a nka , Sekhar {1983 ),Socio-economic Surve y of
S a n tal Villages i n an:J arou n:J Santi niketan . Bhar t iyu
Adimjati Sevak S angh a , New Delhi, p .27.
8. Ma jum:Je~, ~~aben:fu, Datta (1955 )')The S ant0.l A Stw:Jy in
Cultural Ch c:mg e . G :>v t . of I n::l i a ~Press , c a leu tta, p . 30- 3 7.
9. Bharadwaj, S.H. & M . E . Harvey (19 7 5 ), occupational S tructu r e
of the Sche:Ju l e d Castes and Gener a l Popu l ation • The Na
ti o n a l Geographic a l Journal o f I n::l i a XXI P ar t 2, p . 8 3.
10. Duyker, Edward (1982)~ E conomic Ch a nge And The S a nta l s
of West Bengal. Benga l Past & Present. Vol. 4 Part I &
I I, Nos. 19 2-19 3, p . 71. .
0
-245-
11. Ch a t ·topa:Jh yu y , rvt c-ina br~n:Ju ( 19 86 ), Agricultural Labou re rs
o f Bi rbhum l!l 6upta , Amit Kum2r • E::L Agra.r i an
Structure An:J Peasant: Revo lt. Imd± In ::U a . Criterian
Publ i c oti o n s , Nev1 Delhi, i; . 1 57) .
1? . .s a xen :1 , R <• n <' v ir Pr <:l k <lsh . ( 19 G4 ), 'l'r i ba l Economy in
Ce ntral Irdi<~1 . !" irma K . L .Mukh e r j e e , Calcutta , ·p .14 7.
13 . Ch a t topa:Jhy a y , IVlanubc nju • ( 19 86 ), ACJl' icul tur a l Labou rers
o f Bi r bhurn • p . 157).
14 . .Singh , t-;. . S . (1 986 ), Ch,:m!) i ng Occu p c:• tior.u l .3·tructure o f
Schc::Jul e::l r1'ribes . In t e r -I n ::U a Pub l i c -:1 t i ons , De lhi. p . 18 1.
15 . Basu, N. G . (19 89 ), 'l'r i bal Devcloprw.• n t: An Appro< ~ ch fro m
Economic Angl e . !.ll (Seng upta , Su n il & f'1ukhopa:Jhyay f
Dilip. E:J ., Al terna tive Trib2 l Develo pment Perspective .
Centre for Stu :Ji es in Economi c Apprisal , Ca lcutta .
p . 2 6-27 ).
1 6 . Hunter , 1tl . ';'l . ( 1S 83) , The Ann a ls o " Rur c>. l Benga l. In::han
Stu :U es , PAst & i'r r ·s c nt , C .cl lcutta (Repr int , 1965). p .118.
17. Ibi:J .
18 . Ibi:J .
19 . Gup ta f R . K . (1984 ), Th v ..::cono1.1i c Li lc~ o f a Ben g a l Dist .,
Birhgum : 1770-d857 . UnL, cc-; i ty of El ur ::lvJ an , p .1'2 1.
2 0 . I b i ::.1 , p . 17. •
2 1 . I b i j .
:l ::l . Me . Al p i n , t-1, .C. ( 1 S7:L ) , Report o n the Con3.i tion o{ th e
San t n l s of t h e Dis tr ic t s of Ba nl::ur ,, , Birbhum, r.-tl :Jnapore
an a North Ba l <1.s ore . ~-· i rrn .:1 •"1ukh op adh y<l y , Ca l cutt a
(Reprint , 198 1 ). p . 6 .
2 3 . ,.3u pt<'1, R . K. ( 1984 ), 'l.'rH? ~>::on-) · nj_c Li fe of a Beng <'1 l Di c> t. ,
Birbhum : 1770-1 057. p .1 3 5 .
-246-
24. Mc .Alpin, M.C. ( \t.-?2.. ), Report on the Condition of
the Santals of the Districts of Ba nkur a , Birbhum, Mid
napore and North Ba lasore.
25. Roy. U.K. (1977), west Bengal . In (Dubey, S. N. & Murdi 2 ,
Ratna Ed . Land Aliena tion and Rest0ration i n Triba l
Com~uni ties in India , Himalaya Publishing Hous e ,
2 6.
27.
28.
Bombay, p .118).
Singh, R.s. (1986), Ch a ng ing Occupationa l S tructure
of Scheduled Tribes. p.24 6 .
Sengupta, Jyotirmoy. (1981), Some Aspects o~ Land Reform in ~ripura. In (Bose, Manjula Ed. Land Reform in E.India,JAU.Cal. . - - }:/"71-81. Dukyer, Edward , (1982 ), Economi c Ch i"mge an ::l the Sa ntn l s
o f wes t Bengal . Bengal Past and Pr esent . CI , Part I & II
(192-193). pp.71-72.
29. Basu, ~ ¥G. (1989), Tr i ba l Deve lopmen t : Tr i ba l Develop
,nent : An Approach from Economic Ang l e . In (Sengup ta ,
Sunil. & Mukhopadhyay , Dilip . E::l ., Alte r nativ e Tribal
Developme nt Perspective . p .28).
30. Govt. of West Bengal (1982-83), Tribal Sub Pl~n {Draft)
Scheduled Castes a nd Tr ibes We l fare Depar tmen t, p p . 86- 87.
31. ( 1987-88), Tribal Sub- Plan . 3chedul ed
castes a nd Tribes Welf ~re Depar tment.
32. 1982-83) Tribal Sub Plan (Draft) p . 86-87.
33. 3ose , N. G. (1989), Triba l Developmen t : An Appro a ch
from Eco nomic Angle. p.29.
34. Govt . o f India (1984 ), Re port of the Working Group
on Development o f Sche::luled Tribes . During Seventh
Five Year Plan (1985-90). , Ministry of Home Affairs,
Delhi. p .7.
35. Govt . of I n::lia (1960-61), Report .~ I: the Scheduled Areas
and Schedu led Tribes co~nis s ion (Vol .1). De lhi. pp.l74-77.
-247-
36 . Govt . o f In.:H a ( 1984) , Hc,)ort 0f the: \'Jorking Group
on Deve l 0pme nt of Sch eJn l (~:::! T ri bes Dnr ing Seve nth
F ive Ye2r Pl an ( 1985-90). pp . 7- 8~
37. I biJ . pp . B- 9 .
38. ~h ukr aborty, B . (198 U), A .3hort 1'Io t e on Integrated
Tribal Deve lop ment Pr o j t:c t , Dir l.Jhurn . pp . 2 - 3 .
CHi\PTER V
1. P<mde , !'1 . K . Ed!.., (1977), .Socio -- r..:conomic Status of Tribals
in Soci a l Li f e in Rur a l In di a . In d i a Book Exch a nge ,
Calcutta , p . 234 .
3 . Ch a kr abocti , Mu.Kul & Mukherj ee , Di pak . (1971 ), In dian
Tribe s . S aras wa t Li br a ry, Ca l cutta , p . 124 .
4. Ibid. p . 125 .
5 . B<msil , l? . C . (1975), Agri cu l t u rnl Probl r:: rns o f Indi a .
Vikas Publishing Hou se , De lhi , p . 205 .
6 . Pande , M .K. ~· ( 1977 ), Socio-Economic Statu s o f Tribals
i n Social Life in Rur a l In J i 2 , p . 245 ,
7 . S a chchi::b n <:md <:l ( 19 65 ), Pro f i h~ s of 'l' riba l s Culture
in Biha r. Firms K . L . f'lu klv.)p c1 J h y;•y , C<l lcutta , p . 9 8 .
6! . Ba su , S u nil K . ( 19 7 4 ), l •dcbt•~ ~1n c~ss a mo n () t h e 'l'riba ls
9 .
0 r wes t B e ng c-::~ 1 . Cul tur<·Jl n.esea rch r 'ns t.i tut.e, S p l .scr ies I
1 6 , Ca lcuttq , p .1.
(\112), Mc .Al pin, M. C.feport of th e Con d ition of the Santa ls in
the District of Birbhum, B0 nkur <1 , Midn apore a nd North
B a l <Js oie , 5' irm<.i :~tu kho pFl:ih y.-~ y, C.--; l e u t t.a . p p . 2 5-2 6 .
CHAPTSR Vl
l. K ,:c, t t <) k C\ya:n , J.-, c ob John , ·.>oci<l l '3-tr·u cture ,c:., Chnnge umo nq
the: 'J'r i ho L~ . LJ . K . Publi · · · t i :) tY: , Dc ll1i, 1983 . p .17.
0
- 248-
2 . Ya ::'i uv a , J . ( 197 3), Stu:)y o f Soci <· l Cha ng e in Rur u l I n:J.ia -
Some T h eor i t ic <.' l u nd Mc thodoloq ic a l I ssu es . In (tiJa thur
K . S ., Sukl a , B . R . K . & Singh, Banvir . E :J..,Stu:J.ies in Social
Ch a n ge E tlQ10gr a Jhic & Fo l k Culture S oc i ety , U.P. p.34).
3 . Ma jum::'i ~o r , D . l~ . (1958 ), Races a n:3 Cult1tr es of In:3i a. .
Asi a Pu b lishing Hou se , Uomb u y , p . 380 .
4 . Muhap~tra, Ana::'ii K. (1980 ), F orces of Ch a ng es a mong the
Tribals of Rur a l Be nga l with S pe ci a l Re f e r c:: nce to S a ntal s .
Bulletin of Cultur a l Resea rc~ Institute. 14( 3 & 4). p .23.
5. Das, A.K., Rah a , M.K. & De S . K . (1990). Tribal Situa tion
i n West Benga l. F irms KLM, Cu lcutta, p.96.
6. Muh a patr a , An 2. ::'.l.i K {1 98()) , ~ · orces o E Ch a nges a mong the
'!!ribes o f Rura l Benga l v.'i th Sp e ci o l Hefer cnce to S a ntal s .
p .24.
7. Datta-tv1a jum:J. a r, J'>l abe n:J.u (1 955 ), Th e S a ntal, A Stu::'iy in
Culture- Change . Depar t ment o{ Ane1ro po l oqy , Govt. of
In ::'.l. i a , Ca l cutta , p.110.
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