Ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on

Combating Violence Against Women and Girls and Domestic

Violence (Istanbul Convention) – 2019 Report on Progress

October 2019

Ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on

Combating Violence Against Women and Girls and Domestic

Violence (Istanbul Convention) – 2019 Report on Progress

Presented to Parliament pursuant to section 2 of the Preventing and

Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence (Ratification

of Convention) Act 2017 October 2019

© Crown copyright 2019

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Contents page

Introduction 5

Executive Summary 6

Integrated policy 10

Prevention 13

Protection 18

Prosecution 24

Next steps 27

Table of articles 28

Annex A: Table of compliance

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Introduction This is the third annual report laid before Parliament in accordance with the requirements of section 2 of the

Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence (Ratification of

Convention) Act 2017.1 It follows the second Report on progress, which was laid in Parliament on 30

October 2018 and sets out progress toward ratification since the UK signed the Convention in 2012.

This report provides an overview of the UK’s progress toward ratification of the Council of Europe

Convention on Preventing Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence (“the Istanbul Convention”),

including measures taken forward since the second Report on Progress. The Convention covers both

reserved and devolved areas, and this report therefore covers the whole of the UK.

In line with the requirements of the 2017 Act, this report sets out:

• the administrative measures taken by the Government to enable the UK to ratify the Istanbul

Convention;

• the legislative proposals brought forward, including those in the Scottish Parliament and the

National Assembly for Wales, to enable the UK to ratify the Convention; and

• the measures to be taken and legislation required to enable the UK to ratify the Convention.

It is set out in line with the Istanbul Convention’s key objectives of:

o Integrated policy

o Prevention

o Protection

o Prosecution

The information contained in this report is accurate as at the time of going to print (4:00pm on 30 October

2019). This includes references to legislation which was before Parliament at that time.

1 Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence (Ratification of Convention) Act 2017

Section (2) Reports on progress: (1) The Secretary of State shall each year until ratification lay before each House of Parliament a report on the following— (a) if a report has been laid under section 1(1), any alteration in the timescale specified in that report in accordance with subsection (1)(b) and the

reasons for its alteration; (b) the administrative measures taken by Her Majesty’s Government to enable the United Kingdom to ratify the Istanbul Convention; (c) the legislative proposals brought forward, including those in the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales and the Northern Ireland

Assembly, to enable the United Kingdom to ratify the Istanbul Convention; (d) the measures to be taken and legislation required to enable the United Kingdom to ratify the Istanbul Convention. (2) The first annual report shall be laid no later than 1 November 2017. (3) Subsequent annual reports shall be laid no later than 1 November each year.

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Executive Summary Protecting women and girls from violence and abuse, and supporting victims and survivors, remain key

priorities for this Government. Violence against women and girls (VAWG) crimes are extremely serious and

have a huge impact both for those subjected to such violence and more broadly on our economy, health

services, and the criminal justice system. In January the Government published research which estimates

the social and economic cost for victims of domestic abuse in England and Wales for the year ending

March 2017 to be approximately £66 billion.2

The Government signed the Istanbul Convention in 2012 to reaffirm the UK’s strong commitment to tackling

VAWG. The Convention consists of 81 articles aimed at tackling VAWG which focus on prevention,

protection of victims, prosecution, and integrated policies. The UK already complies with, or goes further

than, almost all the Convention’s articles. A key element of the Convention is making sure that ratifying

states can use their national law to prosecute offences required by the Convention when those offences are

committed by their nationals or residents overseas (Article 44). The legal term for powers to allow

prosecution in the UK of offences committed overseas is ‘extraterritorial jurisdiction’. Taking extraterritorial

jurisdiction over offences required by the Convention that are not currently subject to such jurisdiction

requires primary legislation.

In July 2019 we introduced a landmark Domestic Abuse Bill in Parliament, which includes the necessary

legislative measures on extraterritorial jurisdiction for England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

required by Article 44, and a new offence relating to domestic abuse in Northern Ireland which will enable

Northern Ireland to be compliant with Article 33.

The Domestic Abuse Bill followed a public consultation which attracted more than 3,200 responses. A draft

Bill was published in January together with a consultation response which set out a comprehensive

package of measures, both legislative and non-legislative, to transform our response to domestic abuse.

Following extensive scrutiny of the draft Bill by a Joint Committee of cross party MPs and Peers, the

Government introduced the Domestic Abuse Bill in Parliament alongside a response to the Joint

Committee’s report.

The issue of support for migrant victims of domestic abuse was one of those raised by the Joint Committee.

In its response, the Government said that it would:

“review the overall response to migrant victims of domestic abuse, taking careful account of

evidence provided by stakeholders on this issue. The review will specifically consider the

Committee’s recommendation to extend the period of time that support is offered for and how this

relates to a victim’s ability to access refuge accommodation. In considering our response to those

who are eligible for the DDVC, we will take into account any obligations we may have under the

Istanbul Convention to ensure we are compliant.”3

This relates to Articles 4(3) (to the extent that it relates to non-discrimination on the grounds of migrant or

refugee status) and 59 of the Convention in particular. In previous reports we have indicated compliance

with these Articles, but in light of the concerns raised by the Joint Committee and in view of the review

which we are undertaking, we have recorded them as ‘under review’.

In addition to the provisions on extraterritorial jurisdiction and the new offence in Northern Ireland referred

to above, the Domestic Abuse Bill also contains provisions to:

• define domestic abuse in law to underpin other measures in the bill;

2 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/772180/horr107.pdf 3 Paragraph 150, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/817556/CCS0619467038-001_Domestic_Abuse_Bill_Print_WEb_Accessible.pdf

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• establish a Domestic Abuse Commissioner, to stand up for victims and survivors, raise public awareness, monitor the response of local authorities, the justice system and other statutory agencies, and hold them to account in tackling domestic abuse;

• provide for a new Domestic Abuse Protection Notice and Domestic Abuse Protection Order; • prohibit perpetrators of abuse from cross-examining their victims in person in the family courts; • create a statutory presumption that victims of domestic abuse are eligible for special measures in

the criminal courts (for example, to enable them to give evidence via a video link); • enable domestic abuse offenders to be subject to polygraph testing as a condition of their licence

following their release from custody; • place the guidance supporting the Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme (“Clare’s law”) on a

statutory footing; and • ensure that where a local authority, for reasons connected with domestic abuse, grants a new

secure tenancy to a social tenant who had or has a secure lifetime or assured tenancy (other than an assured shorthold tenancy) this must be a secure lifetime tenancy.

The Government’s response to the domestic abuse consultation sets out 123 commitments designed to

promote awareness of domestic abuse; protect and support victims and their families; transform the justice

process to prioritise victim safety and provide an effective response to perpetrators; and drive consistency

and better performance in the response to domestic abuse across all local areas, agencies and sectors.

Non-legislative commitments include:

• introducing regulations and statutory guidance on Relationships Education, Relationships and Sex Education, and Health Education;

• investing in domestic abuse training for responding agencies and professionals; • developing national guidance for police on serial and repeat perpetrators; • improving awareness and understanding of the controlling and coercive behaviour offence and

reviewing the effectiveness of that offence; and • continuing to develop means to collect, report and track domestic abuse data.

Since the 2018 Report on Progress we have also continued to step up our efforts to combat other forms of

VAWG. In March 2016 we published our cross-Government VAWG Strategy, which sets out our approach

to tackling all forms of VAWG, including domestic abuse, so called ‘honour-based’ abuse, stalking and

sexual violence. The Strategy recognises the gendered nature of these crimes, and commits to continuing

to challenge deep-rooted social norms, attitudes and behaviours that discriminate against and limit women

and girls across all communities. The Strategy is underpinned by £100m of funding. This year, we

published a refreshed Strategy to ensure that we are doing all that we can to tackle these crimes which

disproportionately affect women. The refresh reaffirms the Government’s commitment to tackling all forms

of VAWG, captures new programmes of work, including the Domestic Abuse Bill, and sets out 54 new

actions that the Government has committed to take to drive forward this agenda. We remain committed to

the 2016 Strategy, and our overarching strategic approach remains the same: to prevent VAWG, ensure

that provision of services is as effective as possible, build partnerships across the statutory and non-

statutory sectors, and pursue perpetrators. Alongside the refreshed Strategy we published an Action Plan

Delivery Update, which sets out our progress against the 95 actions committed to in 2016. Of these 95

actions, 54 have been completed, 29 are on track to be delivered by the date set out in 2016, and 12

remain a work in progress, due to be delivered by 2020. In addition, we published the first cross-

Government Male Victims Position Statement to strengthen and clarify our response to male victims of

crimes covered by the VAWG Strategy.

One of the key commitments in the VAWG Strategy Refresh was the establishment of an end-to-end review

into the criminal justice response to rape. Over the last few years we have seen reductions in the volumes

of police referrals, charges, prosecutions and convictions for rape and serious sexual offences. The review

seeks to establish why this has happened and identify any issues within the system that have contributed

to the fall in outcomes. Using this key evidence, we will develop and publish an Action Plan to address any

issues identified. The review will consider the process from the point of police report through to final

outcome in court to identify where issues exist, so that we can take steps to improve our response, and we

are working closely with the police, Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), courts, and specialist victim

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services. The review is being jointly led by the Home Office, Ministry of Justice, Crown Prosecution Service

and Attorney General’s Office and will report in March 2020.

In September 2018, we also published the first ever cross-Government Victims Strategy, which sets out our

vision for a justice system that supports even more victims to speak up with the certainty that they will be

understood, that they will be protected, and that they will be supported whether or not they report a crime,

and regardless of their circumstances or background.

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Devolved administrations Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland’s ‘Stopping Domestic and Sexual Violence and Abuse Strategy’ 2016 defines ‘domestic violence and abuse’ and ‘sexual violence and abuse’ in line with the Istanbul Convention and acknowledges that anyone can be a victim irrespective of age, ethnicity, religion, gender, gender identity,

sexual orientation or any form of disability. The Strategy identifies the need to raise awareness and to

promote a zero tolerance approach to domestic and sexual violence and abuse. An Information and

Communication Plan has been developed to support the Strategy and promote the delivery of the initiatives

under it.

Scotland

The Scottish Government is implementing ‘Equally Safe, Scotland’s Strategy to tackle all forms of VAWG’ - working with stakeholders to prevent violence from occurring in the first place, build the capability and capacity of mainstream and specialist services to support survivors and those at risk, and strengthen the justice response to victims and perpetrators. Scotland has invested significant levels of funding to prevent and eradicate VAWG: an additional £20 million over 2015-18 from justice budgets, which continued into 2018/19 and 2019/20, primarily to support a number of existing funding allocations committed over the initial three-year period and around £12 million in 2019/20 from the equality budget to support a range of projects and initiatives.

Wales

The Welsh Government has taken forward a range of measures to tackle Violence Against Women,

including a ‘National Strategy on Violence Against Women, Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence

(VAWDASV) (2016-21)’ and the appointment of two national advisers. In addition, the Violence against

Women, Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence (Wales) Act 2015 (“the 2015 Act”) aims to improve the

public-sector response in Wales to these crimes.

The Welsh Government provides funding to local authorities and third sector organisations to deliver direct

service provision to support and protect victims; strategic coordination of services at a local level; and

training. The funding is directed towards delivering the objectives of the 2015 Act. The total VAWDASV

budget for 2019/20 is £5 million. The Welsh Government also offers a £969,000 per annum capital fund to

support the VAWDASV sector in Wales by acquiring or maintaining/upgrading fixed assets such as

buildings and equipment for those organisations working within the VAWDASV sector. Other funding

includes a Housing Support Grant (HSG). Approximately £9.5 million is specifically directed towards

supporting victims fleeing domestic abuse to obtain and retain housing.

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Integrated policy Tackling VAWG requires an effectively co-ordinated multi-agency response. The Convention places a

strong emphasis on the importance of multi-agency working and having national strategies in place to

ensure a co-ordinated approach. As set out in the 2018 Report, since signing the Convention in 2012, the

UK has continued to put measures in place to encourage agencies to work across boundaries and ensure

greater consistency. These include:

• the publication of our cross-Government VAWG Strategy in March 2016 and the publication of the

refreshed Strategy in March 2019 which set out our ambition to drive a transformation in service

provision and ensure that VAWG is ‘everyone’s business’;

• a National Statement of Expectations (NSE), published in December 2016, which sets out a clear

blueprint for local action, including what local commissioners need to put in place to ensure their

response to VAWG is collaborative, robust and effective, and the importance of considering how

services will be accessible to Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME), disabled, Lesbian, Gay,

Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT), and older, victims and survivors. This is currently being

reviewed, in partnership with expert stakeholders, to ensure it remains robust, effective, and as up

to date as possible;

• increased funding of £100 million (this includes: the £17 million VAWG transformation fund and

£40m for two tranches of the Domestic Abuse Accommodation Fund, the first of which (2016/18)

has supported 80 projects creating 2,200 new bed spaces in refuges);

• the publication of the first cross-government Male Victims’ Position Statement, in March 2019. This

will sit alongside our cross-Government VAWG Strategy, to recognise the needs of male victims

and clarify and strengthen our response;

• the publication of the Government’s response to the domestic abuse consultation which includes

123 cross-government commitments including action to be taken relating to education, health and

social care, employment, and housing;

• the announcement of the appointment of a designate Domestic Abuse Commissioner, who will

stand up for victims, raise awareness of domestic abuse, and hold both government and local

agencies to account. Through the Domestic Abuse Bill, they will be furnished with legal powers to

strengthen this role and drive forward progress nationally. These powers will mean that public

bodies have a duty to cooperate with the Commissioner, and to respond to any recommendations

made to them.

Since last year’s Report on Progress, we have taken a range of further action to build on this.

The Tampon Tax Fund allocates £15 million each year to projects supporting vulnerable women and girls,

including projects specifically focused on supporting victims of domestic abuse. Successful projects from

the 2017/18 round, announced in March 2017, included £6.8million of funding for 30 projects supporting

victims of domestic abuse including £125,000 for the Domestic Abuse Housing Alliance and £94,000 for

Surviving Economic Abuse. The 2018/19 successful projects, announced in March 2018, allocated £5.2

million to four projects supporting victims of domestic abuse. These included £1.5 million for Women’s Aid

to deliver the Ask Me Plus project to create community peer support for victims of domestic abuse and £1.4

million for Rape Crisis to deliver a new digital approach to tackling sexual violence through Rape Crisis

Centres in England. Successful applicants for the most recent round of funding, announced in March 2019,

included Southall Black Sisters, who were awarded £1.09 million to support women with no recourse to

public funds who have experienced violence and abuse, and Changing Lives, who were granted £1 million

to support vulnerable women who have been sexually exploited. In addition, Sacro were awarded £1.09

million to support online sex workers in Scotland, and Comic Relief was allocated £1.3 million to make

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onward grants to small specialist women’s organisations, across the UK, supporting victims of domestic

abuse.

The Home Office also provided £150,000 to the University of Bristol to carry out research on the current

nature and prevalence of sex work in England and Wales.

To improve understanding of the prevalence of so called ‘honour-based’ abuse, from April 2019, the Annual

Data Requirement (ADR) has required police forces to record where a crime has been committed in the

context of preserving the ‘honour’ of a family or community. This includes, but is not limited to, crimes of

forced marriage and female genital mutilation (FGM).

The Home Office also hosted an international conference on 15-16 November 2018 in London on tackling

forced marriage and FGM, in partnership with the Council of Europe. The conference demonstrated the

UK’s global leadership in our work to tackle these crimes and brought together survivors, policy officials

and international experts from various countries to share best practice on effective interventions.

International work

The UK is proud to be demonstrating international leadership in our commitment to ending VAWG. Since 2012, we have increased our resources and expanded our programmes to tackle VAWG in more

than 30 countries. For example, we support the UN Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women (£21

million, 2014-2020), which provides grants to women's rights organisations and other small grassroots

organisations to support innovative approaches to tackling violence. The UN Trust Fund has funded 493

initiatives in 139 countries since 1996. In 2018 alone, almost 8 million people, including women and girls,

men and boys, government officials and the general public, were reached by UN Trust Fund grantee

projects.

Evidence from DFID’s ground-breaking £25 million flagship What Works to Prevent Violence programme

(What Works) research and innovation programme has shown that VAWG is preventable. Attitudes and

behaviours can, do and must change so that violence against women and girls is no longer accepted as

normal. What Works has rigorously tested interventions in a variety of countries, including Pakistan, the

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Afghanistan. This research has demonstrated that

interventions tackling values and behaviours – in homes, schools, and communities – can achieve

significant reductions of around 50% in just a few years. The evidence being generated is a global public

good, intended to help DFID, developing country governments and international partners everywhere to

improve the effectiveness of their efforts to prevent VAWG.

The UK also leads the world in our support to the Africa-led movement to end FGM. In 2018 we announced a further £50 million UK aid package - the biggest single investment worldwide to date by any international donor – to tackle this issue across the most-affected countries in Africa. The funding will help: • change attitudes to FGM through direct work with communities;

• support grassroots activists to lead change in their own countries;

• put in place laws, policies and systems banning FGM; and

• support doctors, nurses and midwives to end FGM and care for survivors. This builds on the significant action we have already taken to help end FGM, which includes:

• A £35m UK aid package to help end FGM across 17 countries in Africa;

• A dedicated £12m UK aid programme in Sudan: the largest ever single-country investment in ending FGM anywhere in the world;

• A £7.5m UK aid/Norad programme to prevent harmful practices in Somalia;

• £3m of UK aid to support grassroots organisations ending FGM across Africa;

• Co-hosting the 2014 Girl Summit, which helped to galvanise global commitment to end FGM and child marriage in a generation.

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Devolved administrations

Scotland

Equally Safe, Scotland’s strategy for preventing and eradicating violence against women and girls, was

jointly produced by the Scottish Government and the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities. A delivery

plan for Equally Safe was published in November 2017.

Data is collected in relation to domestic abuse, rape, sexual abuse/assault, and forms of ‘honour-based’

abuse. Analysts draw data from a range of sources including Police Scotland and the Crown Office and

Procurator Fiscal Service (COPFS). The Scottish Crime and Justice Survey is the regular, population-

based survey for assessing the prevalence of different forms of violence against women. It covers domestic

abuse, rape, sexual assault and stalking/harassment.

Wales

The Welsh Government published its Strategy for tackling violence against women, domestic abuse and

sexual violence in 2016, as required by section 3 of the Violence against Women, Domestic Abuse and

Sexual Violence (Wales) Act 2015. Welsh Ministers are required by the Act to publish annual reports on the

progress on both the Strategy and the measures in the Act.

In addition, section 11 of the Act requires Welsh Ministers to publish national indicators that may be applied to measure progress towards the achievement of the purpose of this Act. Following a public consultation exercise, the Welsh Government published, in June 2019, a set of national indicators for measuring progress against the Strategy. The proposed measures are currently being reviewed, with a view to agreeing and developing any amendments by summer 2020.

Northern Ireland

The ‘Stopping Domestic and Sexual Violence and Abuse Strategy’ was published jointly by the Department

of Health (DoH) and the Department of Justice (DoJ) in 2016. It highlights an overarching strategic vision

for addressing domestic and sexual violence and abuse and is being delivered through a series of Action

Plans. A communication plan has also been fully implemented to support the Strategy.

In terms of data collection, since 2001 a self-completion module focusing on domestic abuse has been

included within the Northern Ireland Crime Survey (renamed the Northern Ireland Safe Community Survey

from April 2018 onwards). Officials have worked with Department of Justice statisticians to ensure the

survey is updated to reflect, going forward, the modern understanding of both domestic and sexual violence

and abuse. A new self-completion module on sexual violence and abuse will also be included within the

survey, with the domestic and sexual violence and abuse modules being rotated biennially. The domestic

violence module was asked in the 2018/19 survey while sexual violence and abuse will be included for the

first time in the 2019/20 survey.

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Prevention Preventing these crimes from happening in the first place is central to the Government’s approach. To help

achieve this, the Convention emphasises the importance of ensuring professionals are appropriately

trained to support victims, raising awareness, and providing treatment programmes for perpetrators of

domestic abuse and sexual abuse. Since signing the Convention in 2012, we have taken forward a range

of measures, including:

• running several communication campaigns to raise public and professional awareness and

understanding of VAWG, including the ‘Disrespect NoBody’ campaign targeted at raising awareness

of teenage relationship abuse. At the end of 2018, the Home Office also launched two campaigns to

raise awareness of forced marriage and FGM in particular, which highlighted these crimes and

signposted the support available;

• the Home Office’s FGM Unit and the joint Home Office and Foreign & Commonwealth Office Forced

Marriage Unit have continued to carry out extensive outreach programmes which deliver awareness

raising events across the country. In addition, during the summer period, Operation Limelight, a joint

police and Border Force operation to raise awareness of FGM and forced marriage has taken place

at airports across the country and at Eurostar St Pancras;

• the Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government (MHCLG) also supports work with

community organisations and survivors to drive awareness of FGM and efforts to end the practice.

In March 2019, £375,000 was allocated to 37 local authority areas to fund locally-driven outreach,

engagement and communications on the practice of FGM. This funding has enabled local

authorities to build the capacity of FGM-focused outreach workers, promote and disseminate

relevant resources and raise awareness of the range of support services available to victims;

• the Troubled Families Programme, funded by MHCLG, continues to support this area and has been

extended for a further year to March 2021 in the recent 2019 Spending Round. The programme’s

national eligibility criteria include all forms of VAWG and children in need of help, so local areas can

bring families onto the programme where there is a VAWG concern. Early identification and

intervention allow a keyworker to be appointed to support and work with the family to overcome

multiple and complex problems including domestic abuse and sexual violence;

• £8m of funding has been allocated for new services designed to support children affected by

domestic abuse. As part of this we are funding a number of innovative projects in England and

Wales, including a project spanning several local authorities in the Black Country to ensure there is

a school-based support service for children affected by domestic abuse. We will evaluate the

effectiveness of the fund and use the findings to inform the design of future funding models;

• the Police Transformation Fund (PTF) has awarded £5.3m in 2019/20 to projects that tackle VAWG.

The funds have gone to the following projects: £1.1m for “Domestic Abuse a Whole System

Approach: the Next Steps”, £600,000 to the Early Intervention Response to Domestic Abuse, £2.1m

to the Multi-Agency Stalking Intervention Programme and £1.5m to the “Drive” project;

• over £819,000 of the £8.6m million Building a Stronger Britain Together grant fund has, since its

launch, supported VAWG projects by offering opportunities to hard to reach communities and

creating networks that challenge so called ‘honour-based’ abuse. Community Coordinators are also

embedded within up to 40 local authorities across England and Wales and deliver the Counter

Extremism Strategy in their local areas; this includes tackling the root causes of harmful practices

such as ‘honour-based’ abuse, FGM and forced marriage.

Furthermore, the Domestic Abuse Bill and consultation response include a range of measures focused on

prevention, including commitments to:

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• improve the availability of high quality domestic abuse perpetrator interventions both in prison

and in the community;

• provide national guidance for police on the management of serial and dangerous perpetrators;

and

• introduce new Domestic Abuse Protection Orders which will allow courts to place positive

requirements on perpetrators, such as attending a perpetrator intervention or drug or alcohol

treatment programme.

Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) also delivers a range of interventions to address the

needs of convicted men who have committed domestic abuse related offences. These include domestic

abuse programmes and programmes which address needs related to domestic abuse, including: attitudes

and thinking, emotion management, alcohol related violence and sexual offending.

Education has a vital role to play in encouraging young people to build healthy relationships, and to identify those relationships which are unhealthy. From September 2020 it will be compulsory for all primary schools in England to teach Relationships Education and all secondary schools in England to teach Relationships and Sex Education. Health Education will be compulsory in all state-funded schools. These subjects directly support the Government’s ambitions to end discrimination against women and girls.

Pupils will be taught in an age-appropriate way about stereotypes, consent, mutual respect, management

of conflict, sexual violence and laws relating to sex, relationships and young people. High quality teaching

of these subjects will ensure that children understand that violence and abuse are never acceptable and

that it is important to report abuse and concerns about themselves and others on and offline.

The Department for Education is committed to investing in the development of a programme of support for schools which will focus on tools that improve schools’ practice, such as an implementation guide, easy access to high-quality resources, and support for staff training.

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Devolved administrations

Wales

The Welsh Government has taken several steps since the publication of the National Training Framework

in 2016 to provide training for professionals. These include the development of e-learning on how to

recognise and help tackle VAWDASV, training for 158,500 professionals in the public sector, the

development of “Ask and Act” (targeted enquiry for VAWDASV across the Welsh relevant authorities) and

funding nationwide training for specialist professionals.

In Wales, Sex and Relationships Education will be renamed as Relationships and Sexuality Education

(RSE). This will be made a statutory part of the new curriculum for all learners between the ages of 3 and

16 and updated guidance will be produced for the current curriculum. Updated guidance for RSE in the

current curriculum in Wales has recently been published for public consultation. The new guidance takes

account of the evidence presented by the Sex and Education Expert Panel and aims to gives schools up to

date information and support regarding this often sensitive and fast-moving area of study.

The Spectrum Project is an all Wales programme funded by the Welsh Government and delivered by

experienced teachers in primary and secondary schools. The free, bilingual workshops are closely linked to

the curriculum and promote the importance of healthy relationships whilst raising the awareness of children,

young people and adults about the issues of domestic abuse, sexual violence and violence against women.

The Welsh Government has also published VAWDASV ‘Guidance for Governors’ and a ‘Good Practice

Guide’ on the educational approach to VAWDASV in Wales.

The National Strategy on VAWDASV (2016-21) includes a dedicated objective on communications. A National Communications Framework 2017-2020 was developed in consultation with stakeholders and survivors to ensure a coherent, long-term approach to engagement and communication. In the latest series of campaigns, This is Me sought to challenge the gender stereotypes that are often a cause of abuse, and Don’t be a Bystander encouraged people who are concerned that someone they know is a victim of domestic abuse to offer support. Four campaign phases are planned for 2019/20. In January 2019 ‘This is not love. This is Control’ was launched; a national year-long campaign to raise awareness of coercive control, domestic abuse and sexual violence.

The Welsh Government continues to work with expert partners to develop and implement VAWDASV

perpetrator policy and has published a Government Social Research report on ‘what works with domestic

abuse perpetrators’ to encourage evidence-based and effective practice as well as standards for specialist

services working with perpetrators of violence against women, domestic abuse and sexual violence. These

emphasise the importance of integrated support services. 4

Northern Ireland

A range of educational programmes are in place in Northern Ireland to promote pupils’ mental health and

wellbeing. In educational institutions, there are also pastoral care arrangements and access to an external

counselling service, ‘Inspire Workplaces’, for students. In 2018/19, the Department of Education provided

additional earmarked funding to the Council for Curriculum Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) to carry

out a review of existing Relationships and Sexuality Education (RSE) resources. CCEA was commissioned

particularly to identify, signpost and develop guidance and resources in a number of priority areas,

including healthy, positive sexual expression and relationships; and domestic and sexual violence and

4 https://gweddill.gov.wales/docs/caecd/research/2018/181204-rapid-evidence-assessment-what-works-domestic-abuse-perpetrators-en.pdf,

https://gweddill.gov.wales/docs/dsjlg/publications/commsafety/181206-vawda-perpetrator-service-standards-en.pdf

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abuse. CCEA has now created an online RSE Hub to facilitate easy access to these new resources. The

Department has allocated additional funding to CCEA in 2019/20 to take forward the further development of

teaching materials and pupil resources in these areas.

The Domestic Violence and Abuse Disclosure Scheme (DVADS) is now in its second year. The aim of the

scheme is to ensure the safety of potential domestic abuse victims. It allows the provision of relevant

information relating to the abusive past of a partner - which would allow a potential victim to make an

informed choice about their relationship. To promote DVADS, a targeted multi-media advertising campaign

was launched in a bid to promote the scheme and how people can apply. It also sought to raise public

awareness of the issue of domestic violence and abuse more generally.

The ‘Stopping Domestic and Sexual Violence and Abuse Strategy’, led by the DoJ and the DoH, clearly

identifies the need to raise awareness and promotes a zero-tolerance approach to domestic and sexual

violence and abuse. A communication plan is fully implemented to support the Strategy. The DoJ is also

currently in the final year of a three-year advertising campaign to raise awareness of the issue of domestic

violence and abuse and the disclosure scheme. This is an extensive multi-media campaign using a mix of

TV, radio, outdoor and social media advertising. Looking forward to future years it is the intention to run

further promotional campaigns, which in particular will highlight the introduction of the new domestic abuse

offence in Northern Ireland which will include coercive & controlling behaviour.

The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) raises awareness of domestic abuse across Northern Ireland

with its domestic abuse media campaign. A ‘Walking on Egg Shells’ campaign was launched over

Christmas 2018 and a social media campaign was also launched in July 2019.

Northern Ireland Prison Service (NIPS) prisoners can take part in a range of programmes to help address

their offending and prevent reoffending. The ‘Victim Impact Course’ consists of 26 sessions delivered over

13 days, with different topics delivered during each of the days. There are specific topics covering violence

against women and domestic abuse. The programme has been delivered to male offenders (both young

adult and adult) and to adult female offenders. Other treatment programmes include victim impact courses,

the ‘Building Better Relationships’ programme, and the ‘Alcohol Related Violence’ programme.

Scotland

The Scottish Government has provided funding to Police Scotland to train over 14,000 officers and front-

line staff to support the implementation of the Domestic Abuse (Scotland) Act 2018. They provided Police

Scotland with £825,000 to deliver this training. To further support implementation, £166,000 was provided

to Scottish Women’s Aid to develop training materials and train workers.

The Scottish Government regularly carries out national awareness campaigns tackling a range of VAWG

crimes, including in relation to domestic abuse, rape and sexual assault and forms of ‘honour-based’

abuse. Scotland has funded a Rape Crisis Scotland awareness raising campaign to increase public

understanding of responses to rape, as well as a campaign around the new offence of sharing private

intimate images which was introduced in the Abusive Behaviour and Sexual Harm Act 2016. The Scottish

Government also ran a campaign to raise awareness of the new offence of coercive control contained in

the Domestic Abuse (Scotland) Act 2018 and another on sexual harassment and sexism is currently being

developed.

The Scottish Government has funded the development of the Equally Safe in Higher Education Tool Kit,

which was launched last year. The Tool Kit provides institutions with the resources they need to tackle

gender-based violence and develop a whole campus response to the issue.

The Scottish Government is funding the Caledonian System (over £2 million in 2019/20) in 13 local

authority areas across Scotland. This is a specialist court-mandated programme working with male

17

perpetrators which also aims to improve the lives of women and children affected. A further £2.8 million

has been allocated between 2018 and 2020 and has allowed the expansion of the programme to a further

six local authorities, increasing the number of local authority areas delivering the Caledonian System to 19.

Funding is also provided for the community delivery element of the Moving Forward: Making Changes

(MFMC) programme, which is aimed at adult males convicted of a sexual offence (or a non-sexual offence

that contains a significant sexual element) and who are deemed as being of medium or above risk of

committing a similar offence in the future. From April 2017, a new justice social work funding distribution

model was introduced to provide local authorities with more autonomy and flexibility to target resources to

tackle local priorities, working in partnership with statutory community justice partners and in collaboration

with the third sector to reduce reoffending. This resulted in a number of funding streams being

decentralised, including funding for MFMC, which is now included in the wider justice social work funding

allocation distributed to all 32 local authorities. It is therefore now up to each local authority to prioritise this

funding to meet statutory obligations and local priorities.

18

Protection We are committed to supporting all victims of abuse. We expect every report of VAWG to be treated

seriously from the point of disclosure, every victim to be treated with dignity, and every investigation and

every prosecution to be conducted thoroughly and professionally. The Convention highlights the

importance of police intervention (including removing domestic abuse perpetrators from their home), refuge

provision for victims, appropriate sexual violence referral centres, helplines, and ensuring information for

victims is accessible.

As highlighted in the 2018 Report on Progress, since signing the Convention in 2012, we have created a

range of additional protective tools and powers, including Sexual Harm Prevention Orders, Sexual Risk

Orders and FGM Protection Orders, as well as making breach of a Forced Marriage Protection Order a

criminal offence. Additionally, the Stalking Protection Act 2019, which was sponsored by Dr Sarah

Wollaston MP and Baroness Bertin, gained Royal Assent on 15 March 2019. The Act creates new Stalking

Protection Orders, designed to fill a gap in the protective order regime and to enable earlier police

intervention in stalking cases. These will be brought into force as soon as possible.

The Victims’ Code sets out the services that must be provided to victims of crime by organisations in

England and Wales. This Code sets a minimum standard for these services. We intend to strengthen the

Victims’ Code to address its complexity and accessibility and to update the entitlements so that they are

more reflective of victims’ needs. That is why the Government launched a consultation in July 2019 aimed

at strengthening the Victims’ Code by giving victims a louder voice in the process, ensuring that they are

better heard through their journey in the criminal justice system, and making sure they can access the

support they need. Proposals include providing greater clarity around victims’ rights and raising awareness

for victims who do not report a crime or who withdraw from the criminal justice process that they are entitled

to the same support as everyone else.

The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) directly commissions 77 rape support centres across England and Wales to

provide independent, specialist support to female and male victims of sexual violence, including victims of

child sexual abuse. The support is offered by specialist local organisations at a physical location, free of

charge and regardless of whether a person reported the crime to police. Emotional and practical support

offered may include counselling, therapy, an Independent Sexual Violence Adviser service, helpline/online

support, groupwork and advocacy.

The MoJ is committed to ensuring sexual violence support services receive more sustainable funding

through multi-year grant settlements, which is why the recent funding has been awarded for three years

rather than annually. In April this year, the funding available to these essential services increased by 10% -

up to £8 million per annum and totalling £24 million over three years. In September, the MoJ announced a

further £5 million increase for specialist support services. This will see a £4 million increase (up to £12

million per year) for support services across the country, including tailored face-to-face support and

counselling and £1 million investment for recruiting more Independent Sexual Violence Advisers (ISVAs)

who play a critical role in ensuring that victims feel informed, supported and engaged throughout the

criminal justice process. This announcement means government funding for rape support will now total £32

million over the next three years.

In September 2018, the Government published the first ever cross-Government Victims Strategy, which

sets out our vision for a justice system that supports even more victims to speak up with the certainty that

they will be understood, that they will be protected, and that they will be supported whether or not they

report a crime, and regardless of their circumstances or background. We continue to work across

Government to ensure that victims of crime have access to the support services they need to help them

cope with and, as far as possible, recover from the effects of crime.

19

The MoJ is also developing a Rape Victims’ Pledge, which will provide additional support and information

for victims, in order to make their engagement with the criminal justice system simpler and less distressing.

The Pledge will consider both adult and child victims of sexual violence and abuse.

NHS England have developed a five-year Strategic Direction for Sexual Assault and Abuse Services, to

ensure victims receive joined-up pathways of care over the course of their life whenever they need it. The

goal is for the strategy to radically improve access to services for victims and survivors of sexual assault

and abuse, and support them to recover, heal and rebuild their lives.

The Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) through NHS England and NHS Improvement will

spend £35 million this year (2019/20) to fund 47 sexual assault referral centres to ensure that where sexual

violence does occur, there is the best possible response for victims. The centres are available to all victims,

regardless of age, gender and when the sexual violence or abuse occurred. NHS England & NHS

Improvement regional teams may enter into local agreements with relevant partners, such as police, PCCs,

CCGs and local authorities, to establish, where appropriate, collaborative commissioning arrangements for

wider support services available at SARCs. NHS England & NHS Improvement and DHSC have also launched new community-based clinics to support

non-pregnant women who have undergone FGM. The holistic community-based clinics will offer a range of

support services delivered by a multi-disciplinary team including: physical assessments and treatment

(including deinfibulation if required), counselling, safeguarding information and access to a FGM Health

Advocate. There will be onward support to a specialist consultant if additional support is required.

The Domestic Abuse Bill and consultation response set out a wide range of measures to improve protection

for victims of domestic abuse and their children. This includes funding the evaluation and roll out of

Operation Encompass - a scheme that facilitates schools and police working together to provide emotional

and practical support to children affected by domestic abuse - to all forces across England and Wales. We

have also provided funding to nine projects supporting children affected by domestic abuse.

We are introducing new Domestic Abuse Protection Orders which offer protection that can be tailored to the

needs of each victim. These will have a flexible duration, a criminal sanction for breach and a range of

conditions including prohibitions, positive requirements, notification requirements and the potential to use

electronic monitoring to monitor compliance with specific conditions.

We are also placing the guidance on the Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme on a statutory footing. This

scheme provides a framework for police to make disclosures about a current or former partner’s abusive or

violent offending. By placing the guidance in statute, we aim to raise awareness of the scheme and enable

more victims to be warned of the dangers posed by their partners or ex-partners.

We are clear that all victims of domestic abuse are treated first and foremost as victims regardless of their

immigration status. Some individuals who come forward as victims, may not have a recognised, secure

immigration status. Some of these individuals may have a “no recourse to public funds” restriction on their

permission to remain. However, where appropriate they will be sign posted to alternative options. We

consider victims first and foremost – enforcement action is not prioritised against victims or survivors of

abuse. We are continuing to develop safeguarding protocols to offer a degree of protection where this is

required.

We have instigated special measures for individuals who are in the UK as a spouse or partner of someone

who is British or a settled person, where they may apply for a period of permission to remain in their own

right – independent from that of the sponsor who may be the alleged perpetrator. This period of leave

allows them time in a safe environment to reflect and take advice on what they want to do next. Removing

“no recourse to public funds” from their permission to remain, allows them to make a claim for public

benefits.

20

The issue of support for migrant victims of domestic abuse was one of those raised by the Joint Committee

on the Draft Domestic Abuse Bill in its report published in June. In its response, the Government said that it

would:

“review the overall response to migrant victims of domestic abuse, taking careful account of

evidence provided by stakeholders on this issue. The review will specifically consider the

Committee’s recommendation to extend the period of time that support is offered for and how this

relates to a victim’s ability to access refuge accommodation. In considering our response to those

who are eligible for the DDVC, we will take into account any obligations we may have under the

Istanbul Convention to ensure we are compliant.”5

We have therefore recorded Articles 4(3) and 59 as ‘under review’ to reflect the fact that we are considering

the Committee’s concerns.

DHSC is overseeing £2m of government funding to expand the Standing Together Against Domestic

Violence (STADV) led pathfinder programme to develop a whole health system response to domestic

abuse in acute, community and mental health settings. This builds on the Identification and Referral to

Improve Safety (IRIS) model which provides staff training and a support programme to bridge the gap

between the voluntary sector and primary care, to harness the strengths of each, and to provide an

improved domestic violence service.

NHS England is developing a four-year action plan specifically on domestic violence and abuse. This will

raise awareness amongst NHS staff, ensure that staff have the skills to identify and refer, and address the

issue of NHS staff who are themselves victims or perpetrators.

Earlier this year, the Home Office held nine roadshows across England and Wales to train professionals on

FGM and forced marriage protection orders. Around 1,300 professionals attended the events, which raised

awareness of the scope and effectiveness of the orders, along with a practical guide on how to apply for

one. The aim was to encourage professionals to always consider them in any safeguarding plans.

As at June 2019, 2,149 Forced Marriage Protection Orders and 418 FGM Protection Orders have been made since their introduction (2008 and 2015 respectively).

The Government has also committed more than £1.1 million per year up to 2022 to support seven helpline

services:

• the national domestic violence helpline;

• a helpline for LGBT victims of domestic abuse;

• a helpline for male victims of domestic abuse;

• a helpline for perpetrators of domestic abuse;

• a helpline for victims of stalking;

• a helpline for victims of so-called honour-based abuse; and

• a helpline for victims of revenge porn.

The funding will be used to provide information to those experiencing (and in one case perpetrating) VAWG

crimes as well as to provide specialist support for other victims and preparators. The MoJ has also funded

a helpline and webchat service for male victims of sexual abuse this year (2019/20). MHCLG continue to support and part fund Women’s Aid’s UK wide online VAWG service directory, ‘Routes

to Support’. This contains information about VAWG services with up to date refuge vacancies. MHCLG also

fund the Women’s Aid ‘No Woman Turned Away’ project which provides additional support to victims facing

barriers to assessing services and support.

5 Paragraph 150, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/817556/CCS0619467038-001_Domestic_Abuse_Bill_Print_WEb_Accessible.pdf

21

MHCLG have allocated £100 million for a Move-On Fund, which will deliver accommodation and support for former rough sleepers moving on from hostels and victims of domestic abuse moving on from refuges. The fund is split equally between the Greater London Authority in London and Homes England, who are administering the fund outside of London. To date £40 million has been allocated to providers across both parts of the fund.

Additionally, MHCLG secured £40 million dedicated funding in the 2015 Spending Review for specialist accommodation-based support and services for victims of domestic abuse. In July 2018 the second two-year fund for domestic abuse services was launched, including refuge and other safe accommodation. In November 2018 it was announced that 63 projects across the country will receive a share of the £22m fund to support victims of domestic abuse, creating more than 2,200 bed spaces and giving support to over 25,000 victims.

Alongside the funding, MHCLG published their updated ‘Priorities for Domestic Abuse Services’, developed

with partners from the domestic abuse sector and local government. MHCLG’s priorities are that local areas

should respond to the needs of all domestic abuse victims including those from isolated and/or

marginalised communities, BAME, LGBT, older people and victims with complex needs.

In May 2019, MHCLG launched a public consultation on a new statutory duty requiring local authorities to assess the needs of and commission support for victims and their children in safe accommodation. 6 The consultation closed on 2 August, the responses have been carefully considered and the Government published a response on 14 October.7 The Domestic Abuse Bill will be amended to include a new legal duty for Tier 1 local authorities (County Councils, Metropolitan Councils, Unitary Councils and, in the case of London, the Greater London Authority) to provide support services in safe accommodation for victims of domestic abuse and their children.

6 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/801097/DA_Consulatation_Document.pdf 7 https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/support-for-victims-of-domestic-abuse-in-safe-accommodation

22

Devolved administrations Northern Ireland

The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) will ‘signpost’ domestic abuse victims (with consent) to a

range of voluntary/support organisations. This is supplementary to a referral to Victim Support Northern

Ireland for all victims of domestic abuse-motivated crimes. Officers will also make referrals to Social

Services where a child has been present or normally resident in a household where a domestic abuse

incident has occurred. Support mechanisms are also available for high-risk victims of domestic abuse who

can be referred to Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences.

The DoJ in conjunction with the DoH and PSNI are taking forward work to develop a streamlined advocacy

support service for victims of domestic and sexual violence and abuse. A model has been developed, the

advocacy role specification is being worked through and a voluntary sector consortium approach to delivery

is being considered.

From October 2018 the DoJ has fully funded costs relating to the Independent Sexual Violence Adviser

(ISVA) service pilot being led by Victim Support NI (VSNI). Additionally, in 2018/19 the DoH, DoJ and other

statutory partners provided grant funding to key voluntary organisations supporting victims and survivors of

domestic and sexual violence and abuse. The DoH, DoJ and Department for Communities (DfC) also

jointly fund a 24 hour, 365 days a year domestic and sexual violence helpline, which is a freephone service

offering support and signposting information to anyone affected by domestic and sexual violence in

Northern Ireland. The DoH and the PSNI also jointly fund Northern Ireland’s Sexual Assault Referral

Centre (SARC), which provides 24-hour care and support, 365 days a year, to victims/survivors and their

families.

Multi-agency guidelines on FGM were issued in 2014 and are currently being revised and updated. The revised guidance will take account of FGM Protection Orders, new FGM care pathways and an FGM risk assessment tool launched in October 2018. Work has been undertaken to update the Northern Ireland Maternity System (NIMATS) to enable collection and analysis of FGM data.

Scotland

The Scottish Government is investing around £12 million this financial year to tackle VAWG, which includes

support for front line specialist services. This helps to support a range of services working with women and

children who have experienced gender-based violence. This includes local Women’s Aid and Rape Crisis

services; funding to national bodies in Scotland which are working to support those at risk of domestic

abuse and sexual violence; and third sector organisations supporting those at risk and survivors of forced

marriage, FGM and other forms of so-called ‘honour based’ abuse.

The Scottish Government provides funding to support the Scottish Domestic Abuse and Forced Marriage Helpline, the Rape Crisis National Helpline and the Men’s Advice Line (Respect phoneline for perpetrators). The funding they provide to support the work of Rape Crisis Scotland also includes core funding for their national office and support for the 17 local Rape Crisis services across Scotland. 14 Rape Crisis Centres have been allocated an additional £1.5 million over 2018-21 to help these services plan for the future and ensure that more people can receive access to the support they need.

The Scottish Government is working closely with Health Scotland to improve the health response to victims

of gender-based violence and in March 2017 established a taskforce for the improvement of services for

victims of rape and sexual assault. Scotland has also provided funding to NHS Education Scotland to

deliver a new trauma informed course, both to doctors across Scotland who undertake forensic medical

examinations, and to the nurses who support victims through the examination and refer them to appropriate

services. They are also working closely with partners across Scotland to consider a pilot of Forensic Nurse

Examiners.

23

It is possible for a person at risk in Scotland to obtain a court order and an interdict or non-harassment

order against the person causing the risk. The police have a power to detain a suspect prior to charge, or to

release on undertakings, which may include a requirement that the accused does not approach the

residence of the suspected victim. Equally, the court can make it a condition of bail that an accused cannot

return to the suspected victim’s home. Ministers consulted earlier this year on proposals for new protective

orders which would strengthen provision in this area by enabling the police to apply for an order without the

need for the victim to apply to the civil courts.

The Scottish Government introduced the Female Genital Mutilation (Protection and Guidance) Bill to the

Scottish Parliament on 29 May, which includes provisions to confer the power upon Ministers to issue

statutory guidance and for the creation of FGM Protection Orders.

Wales

The Welsh Government provides funding to local authorities and third sector organisations to deliver direct

service provision to support and protect victims; for strategic coordination of services at a local level; and

for training. The funding is directed towards delivering the objectives of the Violence against Women,

Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence (Wales) Act 2015, which are to prevent VAWDASV, and to protect

and support victims and survivors of VAWDASV. The VAWDASV capital grant supports a range of capital

projects, including ‘target hardening’ to improve security at victims’ and survivors’ homes.

The Welsh Government has introduced statutory guidance to require local authorities and local health

boards to produce a local VAWDASV strategy and implementation plan. They have also introduced

statutory guidance on regional needs-led commissioning of VAWDASV services.

The Welsh Government provides funding for Independent Domestic Violence Advisers (IDVAs) and Independent Sexual Violence Advisers (ISVAs) as well as funding for training them. Funding is also provided for Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs), and a range of direct services including counselling support.

Other funding includes a Housing Support Grant (HSG), approximately £9.5 million of which is specifically

directed towards supporting victims fleeing domestic abuse to obtain and retain housing. The Welsh

Government also provides funding for the all Wales domestic abuse and sexual violence helpline, which

delivers a free service, 24 hours and 365 days a year, and the Dyn Helpline for male victims of violence

and abuse.

24

Prosecution

The Convention requires state parties to have in place a range of criminal offences covering the conduct set out in the Convention and measures to ensure the effective investigation of allegations; and to carry out judicial proceedings in a way that respects the rights of victims. Where the relevant conduct – which includes psychological, physical and sexual violence as well as stalking, forced marriage and FGM - is committed in the UK, we have robust laws in place to ensure that perpetrators are brought to justice. These include a specific offence of forced marriage, which came into force in 2014; and an offence of controlling or coercive behaviour in an intimate or family relationship which came into force in 2015. The offence aims to protect victims who would otherwise be subjected to sustained patterns of abuse that can lead to total control of their lives by the perpetrator. We are currently undertaking a review of effectiveness of the offence - the review is due to report later this year.

Article 44 additionally requires the UK to be able to prosecute criminal conduct set out in the Convention

when that conduct is committed outside the UK by a UK national or a person who is habitually resident in

the UK (extraterritorial jurisdiction). The UK already has extraterritorial jurisdiction over offences which

cover some of the conduct set out in the Convention, such as sexual offences where the victim of the

offence is under 18, forced marriage and FGM. The Domestic Abuse Bill will amend domestic law –

throughout the UK – to take extraterritorial jurisdiction over offences covering other criminal conduct set out

in the Convention.

We have also strengthened the law in ways which go beyond what the Convention requires, including:

• a new Stalking Protection Order breach of which without a reasonable excuse will be a criminal

offence. And we have raised the maximum penalty for the offences of putting people in fear of

violence and stalking involving fear of violence or serious alarm or distress from 5 to 10 years’

imprisonment; • a ‘revenge porn’ offence introduced in 2015, making it a criminal offence to disclose private sexual

photographs and films without the consent of an individual who appears in them and with the intent

to cause that individual distress. The Government also funds the ‘revenge porn’ helpline, which has

helped with approximately 5,000 cases since it opened in February 2015; • a new offence of ‘upskirting’ to close a loophole in the law. Parliament passed the Voyeurism

(Offences) Act 2019 which ensures this behaviour is captured by specific criminal offences. The

provisions came into effect in April 2019;

• changes to FGM legislation including a new offence of failing to protect a girl from the risk of FGM;

and granting victims of FGM lifelong anonymity both introduced in 2015. In February 2019, there

was the first UK conviction for FGM. The perpetrator was sentenced to 11 years in prison;

• lifelong anonymity for victims of forced marriage was introduced in 2017 to encourage more victims

to come forward.

Prosecutions and convictions

VAWG Convictions8 (England & Wales)

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

68,154 66,860 58,276 67,380 78,773 87,275 84,565 80,387 70,323

The annual CPS VAWG report on prosecutions and convictions covers a broad range of offences including

domestic abuse, rape, stalking, sexual abuse and so called ‘honour-based’ abuse.

8 This includes cases flagged as domestic abuse, rape and sexual offences excluding rape. Please refer to the CPS’s Annual Crime Report on VAWG for 2018-19 for explanatory notes to help interpret the data.

25

Overall the data shows a decrease in the number of convictions for VAWG-related crimes. This should be

viewed in the context of wider falls in the volume of cases across the criminal justice system. A cross-

government review of rape cases is underway to understand the reasons for the fall in volumes of police

referrals, charges, prosecutions and convictions for VAWG offences and to address any identified issues.

Any lessons learnt for wider VAWG cases will be considered and steps taken as appropriate.

The CPS is leading efforts across Government on the implementation of a best practice framework for use

across all Magistrates’ Courts to ensure cases of domestic abuse are handled effectively, and victims and

witnesses are supported appropriately. The framework was developed by identifying common components

from high performing courts. This is a multi-agency project, approved for national rollout by the National

Criminal Justice Board (NCJB) from January 2019 onward; a progress report to the NCJB will follow in due

course.

CPS guidance on so called ‘honour-based’ abuse was revised in June 2019. It now includes information

about all types of abuse rather than violence alone and contains bespoke advice about breast flattening.

The College of Policing has now published an evaluation of the Domestic Abuse Risk Assessment tool,

which was piloted to improve recognition of coercive control and provide a more structured method of

obtaining information to assess the threat posed by the perpetrator. Further testing of the tool has started in

one force, with a further three to join the testing phase in October. The College will review its impact and

consider any future roll out. A decision on next steps is expected by April 2020. This year the College has

also published a series of new advice products for the police on stalking and harassment. There are

products tailored to police responders and call handlers, those investigating stalking cases, managers and

supervisors, and senior leaders.

26

Devolved administrations

Wales

Criminal justice matters are reserved in Wales, but the Welsh Government aims to support the UK

Government in activities related to this area. For example, Welsh Government officials are represented on

the MoJ’s Specialist Domestic Violence Improvement Oversight Group, which considers improving the

victim’s experience. In doing so, the work has aimed to reduce witness attrition and improve prosecution

and conviction rates. The Welsh Government has also contributed to the funding and training of

Independent Domestic Violence Advisers (IDVAs) and Independent Sexual Violence Advisers (ISVAs).

Early support from IDVAs and ISVAs have been shown to reduce witness attrition.

Scotland

Scotland has a range of legislation to tackle VAWG crimes. This includes specific offences of forced

marriage, FGM and stalking. The Domestic Abuse (S) Act 2018 provides for a specific offence of abuse of

a partner or ex-partner that covers behaviour likely to cause psychological harm, where it occurs between

partners/ex-partners. There are also several more general offences that can be used in prosecuting VAWG

crimes.

There are measures in place in Scotland to provide support for child witnesses during the criminal justice

process, including automatic entitlement to certain protective measures. The Scottish Government’s

Equally Safe Violence Against Women and Girls fund provides funding for local specialist services including

support for children who have experienced domestic abuse. The Vulnerable Witnesses (Criminal Evidence)

(Scotland) Act was enacted in June 2019. Its main purpose is to improve the way in which child and

vulnerable witnesses participate in the criminal justice system by enabling the much greater use of pre-

recording of their evidence in advance of the criminal trial.

The Scottish Government is also exploring the application of the Barnahus concept of trauma informed

support for child victims of serious and traumatic crimes. Healthcare Improvement Scotland and the Care

Inspectorate have been commissioned to develop Scotland-specific standards for Barnahus, which will set

out what is required to improve the response to child victims and provide a roadmap for how the concept

could operate in Scotland. Standards are expected to be published by summer 2020.

Northern Ireland

A range of special measures are available in Northern Ireland to assist vulnerable (including young

children) and intimidated (including victims) witnesses to give evidence to the police and at court. Victims of

violence can be issued non-molestation or occupation orders. Orders of this kind can, for example, give a

victim exclusive rights to a residence. Any breach of a non-molestation or occupation order can result in

criminal or other legal sanctions.

New domestic abuse legislation has been developed which will include a new offence to capture patterns of

psychological abuse, violence, and/or coercion of a partner, ex-partner or close family member. In the

absence of a Northern Ireland Assembly the Home Office engaged with the DoJ to include in the Domestic

Abuse Bill a new domestic abuse offence in Northern Ireland and associated supplementary provisions.

The inclusion of the new offence in the Bill will ensure that the criminal law in Northern Ireland satisfies the

requirements of Article 33 of the Convention which requires parties to take the necessary measures “to

ensure that the intentional contact of seriously impairing a person’s psychological integrity through coercion

or threats is criminalised”.

27

Next steps The Government remains committed to ratifying the Istanbul Convention and as this report highlights, we

continue to make significant progress in tackling VAWG in the UK.

The Government takes its international commitments very seriously and will only ratify when we are satisfied that the UK has met all our obligations under the Convention. As set out above, the Domestic Abuse Bill includes provisions necessary for compliance with the extraterritorial jurisdiction requirements of the Convention across the UK and for the criminalisation of psychological violence in Northern Ireland. As we have committed previously, we are also reviewing the overall response to migrant victims of domestic abuse taking into account any obligations under the Convention.

The Government will set out a timetable for ratification in line with the requirement of section 1 of the

Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Girls (Ratification of Convention) Act 2017 when

all the legislative provisions necessary for compliance have been enacted.

We remain committed to doing all that we can to tackle VAWG. Everyone has the right to live in safety,

regardless of their gender. As we drive forward our VAWG strategy, we will ensure we continue to deliver

for all, leave no one behind and make VAWG everyone’s business.

28

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ssa

ry le

gis

lative

an

d o

the

r m

ea

su

res t

o p

rom

ote

an

d p

rote

ct

the

rig

ht

for

eve

ryo

ne

, p

art

icu

larly

wo

men

, to

liv

e f

ree

fro

m v

iole

nce

in

bo

th th

e p

ub

lic a

nd

th

e p

riva

te s

ph

ere

.

2

. P

art

ies c

on

de

mn

all

form

s o

f d

iscrim

ina

tio

n a

ga

inst

wo

men

and

ta

ke

, w

ith

ou

t d

ela

y,

the

nece

ssa

ry l

eg

isla

tive

an

d o

the

r m

ea

su

res to

pre

ve

nt it, in

pa

rtic

ula

r b

y:

- e

mb

od

yin

g in

th

eir n

atio

na

l co

nstitu

tio

ns o

r o

the

r a

ppro

pri

ate

le

gis

latio

n th

e p

rincip

le o

f e

qu

alit

y b

etw

ee

n w

om

en

an

d m

en

a

nd

ensu

rin

g th

e p

ractica

l re

alis

atio

n o

f th

is p

rin

cip

le;

- p

roh

ibitin

g d

iscrim

ina

tio

n a

ga

inst w

om

en

, in

clu

din

g th

rou

gh

th

e u

se

of san

ction

s, w

he

re a

pp

ropria

te;

-

ab

olis

hin

g law

s a

nd

pra

ctice

s w

hic

h d

iscrim

ina

te a

gain

st w

om

en

.

3

. T

he

imp

lem

en

tatio

n o

f th

e p

rovis

ions o

f th

is C

on

ve

ntion

by th

e P

art

ies, in

pa

rtic

ula

r m

easu

res to

pro

tect th

e rig

hts

of vic

tim

s,

sh

all

be

se

cure

d w

itho

ut

dis

crim

ina

tio

n o

n a

ny g

rou

nd

su

ch

as s

ex,

ge

nd

er,

ra

ce

, co

lou

r, l

an

gu

ag

e,

relig

ion

, p

olit

ica

l or

oth

er

op

inio

n,

na

tio

na

l or

so

cia

l orig

in,

associa

tio

n w

ith

a n

atio

na

l m

inority

, p

rop

ert

y,

birth

, se

xu

al

ori

enta

tio

n,

ge

nd

er

ide

ntity

, a

ge

, sta

te o

f h

ea

lth

, d

isa

bili

ty, m

arita

l sta

tus, m

igra

nt o

r re

fug

ee

sta

tus, o

r o

the

r sta

tus.

4.

Sp

ecia

l m

easu

res t

ha

t a

re n

ece

ssa

ry t

o p

reve

nt

an

d p

rote

ct

wo

men

fro

m g

en

der-

ba

se

d v

iole

nce

sh

all

no

t b

e c

on

sid

ere

d

dis

crim

ina

tio

n u

nd

er

the

term

s o

f th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

Un

de

r

revie

w in

rela

tio

n to

the

mig

ran

t o

r

refu

gee

sta

tus

ele

me

nt

of

se

ctio

n 3

;

oth

erw

ise

co

mp

lian

t

Un

de

r

revie

w in

rela

tio

n to

the

mig

ran

t o

r

refu

gee

sta

tus

ele

me

nt

of

se

ctio

n 3

;

oth

erw

ise

co

mp

lian

t

Un

de

r

revie

w in

rela

tio

n to

the

mig

ran

t o

r

refu

gee

sta

tus

ele

me

nt

of

se

ctio

n 3

;

oth

erw

ise

co

mp

lian

t

Un

de

r

revie

w in

rela

tio

n to

the

mig

ran

t o

r

refu

gee

sta

tus

ele

me

nt

of

se

ctio

n 3

;

oth

erw

ise

co

mp

lian

t

5.

Sta

te o

blig

atio

n a

du

e d

ilige

nce

1.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll re

fra

in fro

m e

ng

ag

ing

in a

ny a

ct o

f vio

lence

ag

ain

st w

om

en

and

ensu

re th

at S

tate

au

tho

rities, o

ffic

ials

, a

ge

nts

, in

stitu

tio

ns a

nd

oth

er

acto

rs a

ctin

g o

n b

eh

alf o

f th

e S

tate

act in

confo

rmity w

ith

th

is o

blig

atio

n.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

an

d o

the

r m

ea

su

res to

exe

rcis

e d

ue

dili

ge

nce

to

pre

ve

nt, in

ve

stig

ate

, p

un

ish

an

d p

rovid

e r

ep

ara

tio

n fo

r a

cts

of vio

lence

co

ve

red

by th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n th

at a

re p

erp

etr

ate

d b

y n

on

-Sta

te

acto

rs.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

29

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

Sta

tus

,

Wa

les

Sta

tus

,

No

rth

ern

Ire

lan

d

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

6.

Ge

nd

er-

se

nsitiv

e p

olic

ies

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll u

nd

ert

ake

to

in

clu

de

a g

end

er

pers

pective

in

th

e im

ple

me

nta

tio

n a

nd

eva

lua

tion o

f th

e im

pa

ct o

f th

e p

rovis

ion

s o

f

this

Con

ve

ntio

n a

nd

to

pro

mo

te a

nd

effective

ly im

ple

me

nt

po

licie

s o

f e

qu

alit

y b

etw

ee

n w

om

en

an

d m

en

and

th

e e

mp

ow

erm

en

t

of w

om

en

.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

7.

Co

mpre

he

nsiv

e a

nd

co-o

rdin

ate

d p

olic

ies

1.

Pa

rtie

s

sh

all

take

th

e

ne

cessa

ry

legis

lative

a

nd

o

the

r m

easu

res

to

ad

op

t a

nd

im

ple

me

nt

Sta

te-w

ide

e

ffe

ctive

, co

mpre

he

nsiv

e a

nd

co

-ord

ina

ted

po

licie

s e

nco

mpa

ssin

g a

ll re

leva

nt m

ea

sure

s to

pre

ve

nt a

nd

co

mb

at a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

len

ce

co

ve

red

by th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n a

nd

offe

r a

ho

listic r

esp

onse

to

vio

lence

ag

ain

st w

om

en

.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll e

nsu

re tha

t p

olic

ies r

efe

rre

d to

in

pa

rag

rap

h 1

pla

ce

th

e r

igh

ts o

f th

e v

ictim

at th

e c

en

tre

of a

ll m

ea

su

res a

nd

are

im

ple

me

nte

d b

y w

ay o

f e

ffe

ctive

co

-op

era

tio

n a

mo

ng

all

rele

van

t a

ge

ncie

s,

institu

tio

ns a

nd

org

an

isa

tion

s.

3.

Me

asu

res take

n p

urs

ua

nt to

th

is a

rtic

le s

ha

ll in

vo

lve

, w

he

re a

ppro

pria

te, a

ll re

levan

t a

cto

rs, su

ch

as g

overn

me

nt a

gen

cie

s,

the

n

atio

na

l,

reg

ion

al

and

lo

ca

l p

arl

iam

en

ts

and

au

tho

ritie

s,

na

tio

na

l h

um

an

rig

hts

in

stitu

tio

ns

an

d

civ

il so

cie

ty

org

an

isa

tio

ns.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

8.

Fin

ancia

l re

so

urc

es

P

art

ies s

ha

ll a

lloca

te a

ppro

pri

ate

fin

an

cia

l a

nd

hu

man

re

so

urc

es fo

r th

e a

deq

ua

te im

ple

menta

tio

n o

f in

teg

rate

d p

olic

ies,

me

asu

res a

nd

pro

gra

mm

es t

o p

reve

nt an

d c

om

ba

t a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

len

ce

co

vere

d b

y th

e s

co

pe o

f th

is C

on

ven

tio

n, in

clu

din

g

tho

se

ca

rrie

d o

ut b

y n

on

-gove

rnm

en

tal o

rga

nis

atio

ns a

nd

civ

il so

cie

ty.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

9.

No

n-g

overn

me

nta

l o

rga

nis

atio

ns a

nd

civ

il so

cie

ty

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll re

cog

nis

e, e

nco

ura

ge

an

d s

upp

ort

, a

t a

ll le

ve

ls, th

e w

ork

of re

leva

nt n

on

-go

vern

me

nta

l o

rga

nis

atio

ns a

nd

of civ

il

so

cie

ty a

ctive in

co

mb

ating v

iole

nce

ag

ain

st w

om

en

an

d e

sta

blis

h e

ffe

ctive

co

-op

era

tion

with

th

ese

org

an

isa

tio

ns.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

30

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

Sta

tus

,

Wa

les

Sta

tus

,

No

rth

ern

Ire

lan

d

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

10

. C

o-o

rdin

atin

g b

od

y

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll d

esig

na

te o

r e

sta

blis

h o

ne o

r m

ore

offic

ial b

od

ies r

esp

onsib

le fo

r th

e c

o-o

rdin

atio

n, im

ple

menta

tio

n,

mo

nito

rin

g a

nd

eva

lua

tio

n o

f p

olic

ies a

nd

me

asu

res to

pre

ve

nt a

nd c

om

ba

t a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

lence

co

ve

red

by th

is

Co

nven

tio

n. T

he

se

bo

die

s s

ha

ll co

-ord

ina

te th

e c

olle

ctio

n o

f d

ata

as r

efe

rre

d to in

Art

icle

11

, a

na

lyse

an

d d

isse

min

ate

its r

esu

lts.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll e

nsu

re t

ha

t th

e b

od

ies d

esig

na

ted

or

esta

blis

he

d p

urs

ua

nt to

th

is a

rtic

le r

ece

ive

in

form

ation

of a

ge

ne

ral

na

ture

on

mea

sure

s ta

ken

pu

rsu

an

t to

Ch

ap

ter

VIII.

3.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll e

nsu

re t

ha

t th

e b

od

ies d

esig

na

ted

or

esta

blis

he

d p

urs

ua

nt to

th

is a

rtic

le s

ha

ll h

ave

th

e c

apa

city to

co

mm

un

ica

te d

ire

ctly a

nd

fo

ste

r re

lations w

ith

th

eir

co

un

terp

art

s in

oth

er

Pa

rtie

s.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt

11

. D

ata

co

llectio

n a

nd

rese

arc

h

1

. F

or

the

purp

ose

of th

e im

ple

me

nta

tio

n o

f th

is C

on

ven

tio

n, P

art

ies s

ha

ll u

nd

ert

ake

to

:

a.

co

llect

dis

ag

gre

ga

ted

re

leva

nt sta

tistica

l d

ata

at re

gu

lar

inte

rva

ls o

n c

ases o

f a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

lence

co

ve

red

by th

e

sco

pe

of th

is C

on

ven

tio

n;

b.

su

pp

ort

re

se

arc

h in

th

e f

ield

of a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

len

ce

co

ve

red

by th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ven

tio

n in o

rder

to s

tudy its

roo

t ca

use

s a

nd

effe

cts

, in

cid

en

ce

s a

nd c

on

vic

tion

rate

s, a

s w

ell

as t

he

effic

acy o

f m

ea

sure

s ta

ken

to

im

ple

me

nt

this

Con

ve

ntio

n.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll e

nd

ea

vo

ur

to c

ond

uct

po

pula

tio

n-b

ase

d s

urv

eys a

t re

gu

lar

inte

rva

ls t

o a

ssess the

pre

va

len

ce

of a

nd

tre

nds

in a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

len

ce

co

ve

red

by th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

3

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll p

rovid

e th

e g

rou

p o

f e

xp

ert

s,

as r

efe

rre

d to

in

Art

icle

66

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n, w

ith

th

e in

form

ation

co

llecte

d

pu

rsu

an

t to

th

is a

rtic

le in

ord

er

to s

tim

ula

te in

tern

atio

na

l co

-op

era

tion

an

d e

na

ble

in

tern

ation

al b

ench

mark

ing

.

4.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll e

nsu

re t

ha

t th

e in

form

ation

co

llecte

d p

urs

uan

t to

th

is a

rtic

le is a

va

ilab

le t

o th

e p

ub

lic.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt

31

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

Sta

tus

,

Wa

les

Sta

tus

,

No

rth

ern

Ire

lan

d

Sta

tus

.

Sc

otl

an

d

12

. G

en

era

l ob

liga

tio

ns

1.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

the

nece

ssa

ry m

ea

su

res to

pro

mo

te c

han

ges in th

e s

ocia

l a

nd

cu

ltu

ral p

attern

s o

f b

eh

avio

ur

of w

om

en

an

d m

en

with a

vie

w to

era

dic

ating

pre

jud

ices, cu

sto

ms, tr

ad

itio

ns a

nd

all

oth

er

pra

ctice

s w

hic

h a

re b

ase

d o

n th

e id

ea

of

the

in

feriority

of w

om

en

or

on

ste

reo

typ

ed

ro

les f

or

wom

en

an

d m

en.

2.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ece

ssa

ry le

gis

lative

an

d o

the

r m

ea

su

res t

o p

reve

nt

all

form

s o

f vio

len

ce

co

ve

red

by t

he

sco

pe

of

this

Con

ve

ntio

n b

y a

ny n

atu

ral or

leg

al pe

rso

n.

3.

An

y m

ea

su

res t

ake

n p

urs

ua

nt

to t

his

ch

ap

ter

sh

all

take

in

to a

cco

un

t a

nd

ad

dre

ss t

he

sp

ecific

ne

ed

s o

f p

ers

ons m

ad

e

vu

lne

rab

le b

y p

art

icu

lar

circu

msta

nce

s a

nd

sh

all

pla

ce

th

e h

um

an

rig

hts

of a

ll vic

tim

s a

t th

eir c

en

tre

.

4.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ece

ssa

ry m

easu

res t

o e

ncou

rag

e a

ll m

em

bers

of

so

cie

ty,

espe

cia

lly m

en

an

d b

oys,

to c

on

trib

ute

a

ctive

ly to

pre

ve

ntin

g a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

len

ce

co

ve

red

by th

e s

cop

e o

f th

is C

on

ven

tio

n.

5.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll e

nsu

re t

ha

t cu

ltu

re,

cu

sto

m,

relig

ion

, tr

ad

itio

n o

r so

-ca

lled

“h

on

our”

sh

all

no

t be

co

nsid

ere

d a

s justifica

tion

for

an

y a

cts

of vio

len

ce

co

ve

red

by th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

6.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry m

easu

res to

pro

mo

te p

rogra

mm

es a

nd

activitie

s fo

r th

e e

mp

ow

erm

en

t o

f w

om

en

.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

13

. A

wa

ren

ess-r

ais

ing

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll p

rom

ote

or

co

nd

uct, o

n a

re

gu

lar

basis

an

d a

t a

ll le

ve

ls, a

wa

ren

ess-r

ais

ing

cam

pa

igns o

r p

rog

ram

mes,

inclu

din

g in

co

-ope

ratio

n w

ith

na

tio

na

l hu

ma

n r

igh

ts in

stitu

tio

ns a

nd

eq

ua

lity b

od

ies, civ

il so

cie

ty a

nd

no

n-g

ove

rnm

en

tal

org

an

isa

tio

ns, e

sp

ecia

lly w

om

en

’s o

rga

nis

atio

ns,

whe

re a

pp

ropria

te, to

in

cre

ase

aw

are

ne

ss a

nd

un

de

rsta

nd

ing

am

on

g

the

ge

ne

ral pu

blic

of th

e d

iffe

ren

t m

an

ifesta

tio

ns o

f a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

len

ce

co

ve

red

by th

e s

cop

e o

f th

is C

on

ven

tio

n, th

eir

co

nse

qu

en

ces o

n c

hild

ren

an

d t

he

nee

d to

pre

ve

nt su

ch

vio

lence

.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll e

nsu

re t

he

wid

e d

isse

min

atio

n a

mo

ng

the

ge

nera

l p

ublic

of in

form

atio

n o

n m

easu

res a

va

ilab

le to

pre

ve

nt

acts

of vio

lence

co

ve

red

by th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

32

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

Sta

tus

,

Wa

les

Sta

tus

,

No

rth

ern

Ire

lan

d

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

14

.Ed

uca

tio

n

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

, w

he

re a

pp

rop

ria

te, th

e n

ece

ssa

ry s

teps t

o in

clu

de

te

ach

ing

ma

teria

l on

issu

es s

uch

as e

qu

alit

y

be

twee

n w

om

en

an

d m

en, n

on

-ste

reo

typ

ed

gen

der

role

s, m

utu

al re

spe

ct, n

on-v

iole

nt

con

flic

t re

so

lutio

n in

in

terp

ers

ona

l re

latio

nsh

ips, g

en

der-

base

d v

iole

nce

aga

inst w

om

en

an

d t

he

rig

ht to

pe

rso

na

l in

teg

rity

, a

da

pte

d to

th

e e

vo

lvin

g

ca

pa

city o

f le

arn

ers

, in

fo

rma

l curr

icu

la a

nd

at a

ll le

ve

ls o

f e

duca

tio

n.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry s

tep

s to

pro

mo

te th

e p

rincip

les r

efe

rre

d to

in

pa

rag

rap

h 1

in

in

form

al edu

ca

tion

al

facili

tie

s, as w

ell

as in

sport

s,

cu

ltura

l an

d le

isu

re facili

tie

s a

nd

th

e m

ed

ia.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

15

.Tra

inin

g o

f p

rofe

ssio

na

ls

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll p

rovid

e o

r str

en

gth

en

ap

pro

pri

ate

tra

inin

g fo

r th

e r

ele

va

nt p

rofe

ssio

na

ls d

ea

ling

with

vic

tim

s o

r

pe

rpe

tra

tors

of

all

acts

of vio

lence

co

ve

red

by th

e s

cop

e o

f th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n, o

n th

e p

reven

tio

n a

nd

de

tection

of su

ch

vio

len

ce

, e

qua

lity b

etw

ee

n w

om

en

an

d m

en

, th

e n

eed

s a

nd

rig

hts

of vic

tim

s,

as w

ell

as o

n h

ow

to

pre

ve

nt se

co

nd

ary

vic

tim

isa

tio

n.

2.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll e

nco

ura

ge

tha

t th

e tra

inin

g r

efe

rre

d to

in p

ara

gra

ph

1 in

clu

des t

rain

ing

on

co

-ord

ina

ted

mu

lti-ag

ency

co

op

era

tio

n to

allo

w fo

r a

co

mpre

he

nsiv

e a

nd

ap

pro

pria

te h

an

dlin

g o

f re

ferr

als

in

case

s o

f vio

len

ce

co

vere

d b

y th

e

sco

pe

of th

is C

on

ven

tio

n.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

16

.Pre

ve

ntive in

terv

en

tio

n a

nd

tre

atm

ent p

rog

ram

mes

1.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o s

et u

p o

r sup

port

pro

gra

mm

es a

ime

d a

t te

ach

ing

p

erp

etr

ato

rs o

f d

om

estic v

iole

nce

to

ad

op

t n

on

-vio

len

t b

eh

avio

ur

in in

terp

ers

ona

l re

latio

nsh

ips w

ith

a v

iew

to p

reve

ntin

g

furt

he

r vio

lence

and

ch

an

gin

g v

iole

nt b

eh

avio

ura

l p

atte

rns.

2.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o s

et u

p o

r sup

port

tre

atm

en

t pro

gra

mm

es a

ime

d a

t p

reve

nting

perp

etr

ato

rs,

in p

art

icu

lar

se

x o

ffe

nd

ers

, fr

om

re

-offe

nd

ing

.

3.

In ta

kin

g t

he

me

asu

res r

efe

rre

d to

in

para

gra

ph

s 1

an

d 2

, P

art

ies s

ha

ll en

su

re th

at th

e s

afe

ty o

f, s

up

port

fo

r a

nd

th

e

hu

ma

n r

igh

ts o

f vic

tim

s a

re o

f p

rim

ary

con

cern

and

th

at, w

he

re a

pp

rop

ria

te, th

ese

pro

gra

mm

es a

re s

et

up

and

im

ple

men

ted

in

clo

se

co

-ord

ina

tio

n w

ith

sp

ecia

list

supp

ort

se

rvic

es fo

r vic

tim

s.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

33

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

S

tatu

s,

Wa

les

S

tatu

s,

No

rth

ern

Ir

ela

nd

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

17

.Pa

rtic

ipa

tio

n o

f th

e p

riva

te s

ecto

r a

nd

th

e m

ed

ia

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll e

nco

ura

ge

the

priva

te s

ecto

r, th

e in

form

atio

n a

nd

co

mm

un

ica

tio

n te

ch

no

log

y s

ecto

r an

d th

e m

ed

ia, w

ith

d

ue

re

spe

ct fo

r fr

eed

om

of e

xp

ressio

n a

nd

th

eir

in

de

pe

nd

en

ce

, to

pa

rtic

ipa

te in

th

e e

labo

ration

an

d im

ple

me

nta

tio

n o

f p

olic

ies a

nd

to

se

t g

uid

elin

es a

nd

se

lf-r

eg

ula

tory

sta

nd

ard

s t

o p

reve

nt vio

len

ce

ag

ain

st

wo

me

n a

nd

to

enha

nce

resp

ect

for

the

ir d

ign

ity.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll d

eve

lop

an

d p

rom

ote

, in

co

-ope

ratio

n w

ith

pri

va

te s

ecto

r acto

rs, skill

s a

mo

ng

ch

ildre

n, p

are

nts

an

d

ed

uca

tors

on

ho

w to

dea

l w

ith

th

e in

form

atio

n a

nd

co

mm

un

ica

tio

ns e

nviron

ment th

at p

rovid

es a

ccess to

de

gra

din

g

co

nte

nt o

f a

se

xu

al o

r vio

len

t n

atu

re w

hic

h m

igh

t b

e h

arm

ful.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt

18

. G

en

era

l O

blig

ation

s

1.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o p

rote

ct a

ll vic

tim

s fro

m a

ny fu

rth

er

acts

of vio

len

ce

.

2.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res,

in a

cco

rda

nce

with

in

tern

al la

w,

to e

nsure

th

at

the

re a

re

ap

pro

pria

te m

echa

nis

ms to

pro

vid

e for

effe

ctive

co

-op

era

tion

be

twe

en

all

rele

van

t sta

te a

ge

ncie

s, in

clu

din

g th

e ju

dic

iary

, p

ub

lic p

rose

cu

tors

, la

w e

nfo

rce

men

t a

ge

ncie

s,

loca

l a

nd

re

gio

na

l a

uth

ori

ties a

s w

ell

as n

on

-go

ve

rnm

en

tal o

rgan

isa

tio

ns

an

d o

ther

rele

va

nt

org

an

isa

tio

ns a

nd

entitie

s,

in p

rote

ctin

g a

nd

su

pp

ort

ing

vic

tim

s a

nd

witne

sse

s o

f a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

len

ce

co

ve

red

by t

he

sco

pe

of

this

Co

nve

ntio

n,

inclu

din

g b

y r

efe

rrin

g t

o g

en

era

l a

nd

sp

ecia

list

su

ppo

rt s

erv

ice

s a

s d

eta

iled

in

Art

icle

s 2

0 a

nd

22

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

3.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll e

nsu

re t

ha

t m

ea

su

res t

aken

pu

rsu

an

t to

th

is c

ha

pte

r sh

all:

–b

e b

ase

d o

n a

ge

nd

ere

d u

nd

ers

tan

din

g o

f vio

len

ce

ag

ain

st

wo

me

n a

nd

dom

estic v

iole

nce

an

d s

ha

ll fo

cus o

n t

he

hu

man

rig

hts

an

d s

afe

ty o

f th

e v

ictim

;

–b

e b

ase

d o

n a

n i

nte

gra

ted

ap

pro

ach

wh

ich

ta

ke

s in

to a

cco

un

t th

e r

ela

tion

sh

ip b

etw

ee

n v

ictim

s,

perp

etr

ato

rs,

ch

ildre

n a

nd

th

eir w

ide

r so

cia

l e

nviro

nm

en

t;

–a

im a

t a

vo

idin

g s

eco

nd

ary

vic

tim

isa

tio

n;

–a

im a

t th

e e

mp

ow

erm

en

t a

nd

eco

no

mic

in

dep

end

ence

of w

om

en

vic

tim

s o

f vio

len

ce

;

–a

llow

, w

here

ap

pro

pria

te, fo

r a

ra

ng

e o

f p

rote

ction

and

su

pp

ort

se

rvic

es t

o b

e loca

ted

on

th

e s

am

e p

rem

ise

s;

–a

ddre

ss th

e s

pecific

ne

eds o

f vu

lne

rab

le p

ers

ons,

inclu

din

g c

hild

vic

tim

s, a

nd

be

ma

de

ava

ilab

le t

o th

em

.

4.

Th

e p

rovis

ion o

f se

rvic

es s

ha

ll n

ot d

epen

d o

n th

e v

ictim

’s w

illin

gn

ess to

pre

ss c

ha

rge

s o

r te

stify

ag

ain

st a

ny p

erp

etr

ato

r.

5

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e a

pp

rop

ria

te m

easu

res t

o p

rovid

e c

onsu

lar

an

d o

the

r p

rote

ctio

n a

nd

sup

po

rt t

o t

he

ir n

atio

na

ls a

nd

oth

er

vic

tim

s e

ntitle

d to

such

pro

tection

in

acco

rda

nce

with

th

eir

ob

liga

tio

ns u

nd

er

inte

rna

tion

al la

w.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

34

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

S

tatu

s,

Wa

les

S

tatu

s,

No

rth

ern

Ir

ela

nd

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

19

. In

form

ation

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at vic

tim

s r

ece

ive

ad

eq

ua

te a

nd

tim

ely

in

form

atio

n

on

ava

ilab

le s

up

port

serv

ice

s a

nd

le

ga

l m

ea

su

res in

a la

ng

ua

ge

the

y u

nd

ers

tand

.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

20

. G

en

era

l su

pp

ort

se

rvic

es

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at vic

tim

s h

ave

acce

ss to

serv

ices

facili

tatin

g th

eir r

eco

ve

ry fro

m v

iole

nce

. T

he

se

me

asu

res s

ho

uld

in

clu

de

, w

he

n n

ece

ssa

ry, serv

ices s

uch

as le

ga

l a

nd

p

sych

olo

gic

al co

un

se

llin

g, fin

ancia

l assis

tan

ce

, h

ou

sin

g, e

du

ca

tio

n, tr

ain

ing

an

d a

ssis

tance

in

fin

din

g e

mp

loym

en

t.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at vic

tim

s h

ave

acce

ss to

he

alth

ca

re a

nd

so

cia

l se

rvic

es a

nd

th

at se

rvic

es a

re a

deq

ua

tely

re

so

urc

ed

an

d p

rofe

ssio

na

ls a

re tra

ine

d t

o a

ssis

t vic

tim

s a

nd

re

fer

the

m to

th

e a

pp

rop

ria

te s

erv

ice

s.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t

21

. A

ssis

tance

in

in

div

idu

al/co

llective

co

mp

lain

ts

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll e

nsu

re t

ha

t vic

tim

s h

ave

in

form

ation

on

an

d a

ccess to

ap

plic

ab

le r

eg

ion

al an

d in

tern

ation

al in

div

idu

al/co

llective

co

mp

lain

ts m

echa

nis

ms. P

art

ies s

ha

ll pro

mo

te th

e p

rovis

ion

of se

nsitiv

e a

nd

kn

ow

led

ge

ab

le a

ssis

tance

to

vic

tim

s in

pre

se

nting

any s

uch

co

mp

lain

ts.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

22

. S

pe

cia

list su

pp

ort

se

rvic

es

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o p

rovid

e o

r arr

an

ge

fo

r, in

an

ad

eq

ua

te g

eog

raph

ica

l d

istr

ibu

tio

n, im

me

dia

te, sho

rt-

and

lo

ng-t

erm

spe

cia

list su

pp

ort

serv

ices t

o a

ny v

ictim

su

bje

cte

d to

an

y o

f th

e a

cts

of

vio

len

ce

co

vere

d b

y th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

2.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll p

rovid

e o

r a

rra

ng

e fo

r sp

ecia

list

wo

me

n’s

sup

port

serv

ice

s t

o a

ll w

om

en

vic

tim

s o

f vio

len

ce

an

d th

eir

ch

ildre

n.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t

23

. S

he

lte

rs

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o p

rovid

e fo

r th

e s

ettin

g-u

p o

f a

pp

ropria

te, e

asily

acce

ssib

le

sh

elters

in

su

ffic

ien

t n

um

be

rs t

o p

rovid

e s

afe

acco

mm

od

atio

n for

an

d t

o r

each

ou

t p

ro-a

ctive

ly to

vic

tim

s,

esp

ecia

lly w

om

en

an

d th

eir

ch

ildre

n.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

35

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

S

tatu

s,

Wa

les

S

tatu

s,

No

rth

ern

Ir

ela

nd

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

24

. T

ele

ph

one

he

lplin

es

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o s

et u

p s

tate

-wid

e r

ou

nd

-the

-clo

ck (

24

/7)

tele

ph

on

e h

elp

line

s

fre

e o

f ch

arg

e to

pro

vid

e a

dvic

e to

ca

llers

, co

nfide

ntia

lly o

r w

ith

du

e r

eg

ard

fo

r th

eir a

non

ym

ity, in

re

latio

n to

all

form

s o

f

vio

len

ce

co

vere

d b

y th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

25

. S

up

port

fo

r vic

tim

s o

f se

xu

al vio

len

ce

.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o p

rovid

e fo

r th

e s

ettin

g u

p o

f a

pp

ropria

te, e

asily

acce

ssib

le

rap

e c

risis

or

se

xu

al vio

lence

re

ferr

al cen

tre

s for

vic

tim

s in

su

ffic

ien

t n

um

bers

to p

rovid

e fo

r m

ed

ica

l a

nd

fo

ren

sic

e

xa

min

atio

n, tr

au

ma

su

pp

ort

an

d c

ou

nse

llin

g fo

r vic

tim

s.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t

26

. P

rote

ction

an

d s

up

po

rt fo

r ch

ild w

itne

sses

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at in

th

e p

rovis

ion

of p

rote

ction

and

su

pp

ort

se

rvic

es to

vic

tim

s, d

ue

acco

un

t is

ta

ke

n o

f th

e r

igh

ts a

nd

ne

eds o

f ch

ild w

itn

esse

s o

f a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

lence

co

ve

red

by th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

2

. M

ea

su

res take

n p

urs

ua

nt to

th

is a

rtic

le s

ha

ll in

clu

de

ag

e-a

ppro

pria

te p

sych

oso

cia

l co

un

se

llin

g fo

r ch

ild w

itne

sses o

f a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

lence

co

ve

red

by th

e s

cop

e o

f th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n a

nd

sh

all

giv

e d

ue r

eg

ard

to

th

e b

est

inte

rests

of th

e

ch

ild.

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t

27

. R

epo

rtin

g

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry m

easu

res to

enco

ura

ge

an

y p

ers

on

witn

ess to

th

e c

om

mis

sio

n o

f a

cts

of vio

lence

co

ve

red

by th

e s

cop

e o

f th

is C

on

ven

tio

n o

r w

ho

ha

s r

easo

na

ble

gro

un

ds t

o b

elie

ve

th

at su

ch

an

act

ma

y b

e c

om

mitte

d, o

r th

at fu

rth

er

acts

of vio

lence

are

to

be

exp

ecte

d, to

re

po

rt th

is to

the

co

mpe

ten

t o

rgan

isa

tio

ns o

r a

uth

oritie

s.

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t

28

. R

epo

rtin

g b

y p

rofe

ssio

na

ls

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry m

easu

res to

ensu

re th

at th

e c

on

fide

ntia

lity r

ule

s im

po

se

d b

y in

tern

al la

w o

n c

ert

ain

pro

fessio

na

ls d

o n

ot co

nstitu

te a

n o

bsta

cle

to

th

e p

ossib

ility

, u

nd

er

ap

pro

pria

te c

on

ditio

ns,

of th

eir

re

port

ing to

th

e c

om

pe

ten

t

org

an

isatio

ns o

r a

uth

oritie

s if th

ey h

ave

re

aso

nab

le g

rou

nd

s to

be

lieve

th

at a

se

rio

us a

ct

of vio

len

ce

co

vere

d b

y th

e s

cope

of

this

Con

ve

ntio

n, h

as b

ee

n c

om

mitte

d a

nd

fu

rth

er

se

rio

us a

cts

of vio

lence

are

to

be

exp

ecte

d.

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t

36

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

S

tatu

s,

Wa

les

S

tatu

s,

No

rth

ern

Ir

ela

nd

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

29

. C

ivil

law

su

its a

nd

re

med

ies

1.P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ece

ssa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res to

pro

vid

e v

ictim

s w

ith

ade

qua

te c

ivil

rem

ed

ies a

ga

inst

the

p

erp

etr

ato

r.

2

. P

art

ies s

hall

take

th

e n

ece

ssa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res to

pro

vid

e v

ictim

s,

in a

ccord

an

ce

with

th

e g

en

era

l prin

cip

les

of in

tern

atio

na

l la

w, w

ith

ad

eq

ua

te c

ivil

rem

ed

ies a

ga

inst sta

te a

uth

ori

ties t

ha

t h

ave

fa

iled

in

th

eir

du

ty to

ta

ke

th

e n

ece

ssa

ry

pre

ve

ntive

or

pro

tective

mea

sure

s w

ith

in th

e s

co

pe

of th

eir p

ow

ers

.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt

30

. C

om

pe

nsa

tio

n

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at vic

tim

s h

ave

th

e r

igh

t to

cla

im

co

mpe

nsa

tion

fro

m p

erp

etr

ato

rs f

or

an

y o

f th

e o

ffe

nce

s e

sta

blis

hed

in

acco

rda

nce

with

th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

2

. A

de

qu

ate

sta

te c

om

pen

sa

tio

n s

ha

ll b

e a

wa

rde

d t

o th

ose

wh

o h

ave

su

sta

ined

serio

us b

od

ily in

jury

or

imp

airm

en

t o

f h

ea

lth

, to

th

e e

xte

nt th

at th

e d

am

age

is n

ot co

ve

red

by o

the

r so

urc

es s

uch

as the

pe

rpe

tra

tor,

in

su

rance

or

sta

te-

fun

de

d h

ea

lth a

nd

socia

l pro

vis

ions.

Th

is d

oe

s n

ot p

reclu

de

Pa

rtie

s f

rom

cla

imin

g r

eg

ress f

or

co

mp

ensa

tion

aw

ard

ed

fr

om

th

e p

erp

etr

ato

r, a

s lo

ng

as d

ue

re

gard

is p

aid

to

th

e v

ictim

’s s

afe

ty.

3.

Me

asu

res take

n p

urs

ua

nt to

pa

rag

rap

h 2

sh

all

en

su

re th

e g

ran

ting o

f co

mp

en

satio

n w

ith

in a

re

aso

nab

le tim

e.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt C

om

plia

nt

31

. C

usto

dy, vis

ita

tio

n r

igh

ts a

nd

sa

fety

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at, in

th

e d

ete

rmin

atio

n o

f cu

sto

dy a

nd

vis

ita

tio

n r

igh

ts o

f ch

ildre

n, in

cid

en

ts o

f vio

lence

co

ve

red

by th

e s

cop

e o

f th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n a

re ta

ken

in

to a

cco

un

t.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e e

xe

rcis

e o

f an

y v

isita

tio

n o

r custo

dy

rig

hts

do

es n

ot je

op

ard

ise

th

e r

igh

ts a

nd s

afe

ty o

f th

e v

ictim

or

ch

ildre

n.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

32

. C

ivil

co

nse

qu

en

ce

s o

f fo

rce

d m

arr

iag

es

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at m

arr

iag

es c

onclu

de

d u

nd

er

forc

e m

ay b

e

vo

ida

ble

, a

nnu

lled

or

dis

so

lve

d w

ith

ou

t un

du

e fin

an

cia

l o

r a

dm

inis

tra

tive

bu

rden

pla

ce

d o

n th

e v

ictim

.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

37

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

Sta

tus

,

Wa

les

Sta

tus

,

No

rth

ern

Ire

lan

d

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

33

. P

sych

olo

gic

al vio

lence

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e in

ten

tio

na

l co

nd

uct

of se

riou

sly

im

pa

irin

g a

pe

rso

n’s

psych

olo

gic

al in

teg

rity

th

rou

gh

co

erc

ion

or

thre

ats

is c

rim

ina

lise

d.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt In

pro

gre

ss

tow

ard

s

co

mp

liance C

om

plia

nt

34

. S

talk

ing

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re t

ha

t th

e in

ten

tio

na

l co

nd

uct

of

rep

ea

ted

ly e

ng

ag

ing

in

thre

ate

nin

g c

on

du

ct d

ire

cte

d a

t a

no

ther

pe

rso

n, ca

usin

g h

er

or

him

to

fe

ar

for

her

or

his

sa

fety

, is

cri

min

alis

ed

.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

35

. P

hysic

al vio

len

ce

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e in

ten

tio

na

l co

nd

uct

of co

mm

ittin

g a

cts

of

ph

ysic

al vio

len

ce

ag

ain

st

an

oth

er

pe

rson

is c

rim

ina

lise

d.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

36

. S

exu

al vio

lence

, in

clu

din

g r

ape

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e fo

llow

ing

in

tentio

na

l co

nd

ucts

are

cri

min

alis

ed

:

a)

en

ga

gin

g in

no

n-c

onse

nsua

l va

gin

al, a

na

l o

r o

ral p

ene

tra

tio

n o

f a

se

xu

al n

atu

re o

f th

e b

od

y o

f a

no

the

r pe

rso

n w

ith

an

y b

od

ily p

art

or

ob

ject;

b

) e

ng

ag

ing

in

oth

er

no

n-c

onse

nsu

al acts

of a

se

xu

al n

atu

re w

ith

a p

ers

on

;

c)

ca

usin

g a

no

the

r p

ers

on

to e

ng

age

in

non

-co

nse

nsu

al a

cts

of a

se

xu

al n

atu

re w

ith

a th

ird

pers

on

.

2.

Co

nse

nt m

ust b

e g

ive

n v

olu

nta

rily

as the

re

su

lt o

f th

e p

ers

on

’s f

ree w

ill a

ssessed

in

th

e c

on

text o

f th

e s

urr

ou

nd

ing

circu

msta

nce

s.

3

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e p

rovis

ions o

f p

ara

gra

ph

1 a

lso

ap

ply

to

acts

co

mm

itte

d a

ga

inst

form

er

or

cu

rre

nt sp

ou

se

s o

r p

art

ne

rs a

s r

eco

gn

ise

d b

y in

tern

al la

w.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

38

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

S

tatu

s,

Wa

les

S

tatu

s,

No

rth

ern

Ir

ela

nd

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

37

. F

orc

ed

ma

rria

ge

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e in

ten

tio

na

l co

nd

uct

of fo

rcin

g a

n

ad

ult o

r a

ch

ild to

en

ter

into

a m

arr

iag

e is c

rim

ina

lise

d.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e in

ten

tio

na

l co

nd

uct

of lu

ring

an

ad

ult

or

a c

hild

to

th

e te

rritory

of a

Pa

rty o

r sta

te o

the

r th

an

th

e o

ne

sh

e o

r h

e r

esid

es in

with

th

e p

urp

ose

of fo

rcin

g th

is

ad

ult o

r ch

ild to

en

ter

into

a m

arr

iag

e is c

rim

ina

lise

d.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

38

. F

em

ale

ge

nita

l m

utila

tio

n

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e fo

llow

ing

in

tentio

na

l co

nd

ucts

are

cri

min

alis

ed

:

a. e

xcis

ing

, in

fib

ula

tin

g o

r pe

rfo

rmin

g a

ny o

the

r m

utila

tio

n to

th

e w

ho

le o

r a

ny p

art

of a

wo

ma

n’s

la

bia

ma

jora

, la

bia

min

ora

or

clit

oris;

b. co

erc

ing

or

pro

curin

g a

wo

ma

n to

un

derg

o a

ny o

f th

e a

cts

lis

ted

in

po

int

a;

c.

incitin

g, co

erc

ing

or

pro

cu

rin

g a

girl to

und

erg

o a

ny o

f th

e a

cts

lis

ted

in

po

int a

.

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t

39

. F

orc

ed

ab

ort

ion

an

d forc

ed

ste

rilis

atio

n

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e fo

llow

ing

in

tentio

na

l co

nd

ucts

are

cri

min

alis

ed

:

a.

pe

rform

ing

an

ab

ort

ion

on

a w

om

an

witho

ut h

er

prio

r a

nd

in

form

ed

co

nse

nt;

b.

pe

rform

ing

su

rgery

wh

ich

ha

s th

e p

urp

ose

or

effe

ct o

f te

rmin

atin

g a

wo

man

’s c

apa

city to

na

tura

lly r

ep

rod

uce

with

ou

t

he

r prio

r an

d in

form

ed

conse

nt o

r u

nd

ers

tan

din

g o

f th

e p

roce

du

re.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

40

. S

exu

al h

ara

ssm

en

t

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at a

ny fo

rm o

f u

nw

an

ted

ve

rba

l, n

on

-verb

al or

ph

ysic

al co

ndu

ct o

f a

se

xua

l n

atu

re w

ith th

e p

urp

ose

or

effe

ct o

f vio

latin

g th

e d

ign

ity o

f a

pe

rso

n, in

part

icu

lar

wh

en

cre

atin

g

an

in

tim

ida

ting

, h

ostile

, d

eg

rad

ing

, h

um

ilia

tin

g o

r o

ffen

siv

e e

nviro

nm

en

t, is s

ub

ject to

cri

min

al o

r o

the

r le

gal sa

nctio

n.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

39

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

S

tatu

s,

Wa

les

S

tatu

s,

No

rth

ern

Ir

ela

nd

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

41

. A

idin

g o

r a

be

ttin

g a

nd

atte

mp

t

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

sta

blis

h a

s a

n o

ffe

nce

, w

hen

co

mm

itte

d

inte

ntio

na

lly, a

idin

g o

r a

be

ttin

g th

e c

om

mis

sio

n o

f th

e o

ffe

nces e

sta

blis

he

d in

acco

rda

nce

with

Art

icle

s 3

3,

34

, 3

5,

36

, 3

7, 3

8.a

, a

nd

39

of th

is C

on

ve

ntion

.

2.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

sta

blis

h a

s o

ffe

nce

s,

wh

en

co

mm

itte

d

inte

ntio

na

lly, a

tte

mp

ts t

o c

om

mit th

e o

ffe

nce

s e

sta

blis

hed

in

accord

ance

with

Art

icle

s 3

5, 3

6, 3

7, 3

8.a

an

d 3

9 o

f

this

Con

ve

ntio

n.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

42

. U

nacce

pta

ble

justifica

tio

ns fo

r crim

es,

inclu

din

g c

rim

es c

om

mitte

d in

th

e n

am

e o

f so

-ca

lled “

ho

no

ur”

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at, in

crim

ina

l pro

cee

din

gs in

itia

ted

fo

llow

ing

th

e c

om

mis

sio

n o

f a

ny o

f th

e a

cts

of vio

lence

co

ve

red

by th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ve

ntion

, cu

ltu

re, cu

sto

m,

relig

ion

, tr

ad

itio

n o

r so

ca

lled

“h

on

our”

sha

ll n

ot b

e r

ega

rded

as justifica

tio

n fo

r su

ch

acts

. T

his

co

ve

rs,

in

pa

rtic

ula

r, c

laim

s th

at th

e v

ictim

ha

s tra

nsg

ressed

cu

ltu

ral, r

elig

ious, so

cia

l or

trad

itio

na

l n

orm

s o

r cu

sto

ms o

f a

pp

ropria

te b

eh

avio

ur.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at in

cite

me

nt b

y a

ny p

ers

on

of a

ch

ild

to c

om

mit a

ny o

f th

e a

cts

re

ferr

ed

to

in

pa

rag

rap

h 1

sh

all

no

t d

imin

ish

th

e c

rim

ina

l lia

bili

ty o

f th

at p

ers

on

for

the

a

cts

co

mm

itte

d.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

43

. A

pp

lica

tion

of crim

ina

l o

ffe

nce

s

Th

e o

ffe

nce

s e

sta

blis

he

d in a

cco

rda

nce

with

th

is C

onve

ntio

n s

ha

ll a

pp

ly irr

esp

ective

of th

e n

atu

re o

f th

e r

ela

tio

nsh

ip

be

twee

n v

ictim

an

d p

erp

etr

ato

r.

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

44

. Ju

risd

iction

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

sta

blis

h jurisd

ictio

n o

ve

r any o

ffe

nce

e

sta

blis

he

d in a

cco

rda

nce

with

th

is C

onve

ntio

n, w

hen

th

e o

ffe

nce

is c

om

mitte

d:

a.

in th

eir

te

rritory

; o

r

b.

on

bo

ard

a s

hip

fly

ing

th

eir fla

g; o

r

c.

on

bo

ard

an

aircra

ft r

eg

iste

red

un

der

the

ir la

ws; o

r

d.

by o

ne

of th

eir n

atio

na

ls;

or

e.

by a

pe

rso

n w

ho

ha

s h

er

or

his

ha

bitu

al re

sid

ence

in th

eir

te

rritory

.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll e

nd

ea

vo

ur

to ta

ke

th

e n

ece

ssa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

sta

blis

h jurisd

ictio

n o

ve

r any

offe

nce

esta

blis

he

d in

acco

rda

nce

with

th

is C

on

ve

ntion

wh

ere

th

e o

ffe

nce

is c

om

mitte

d a

ga

inst o

ne

of th

eir

na

tio

na

ls o

r a p

ers

on

wh

o h

as h

er

or

his

ha

bitu

al re

sid

ence

in

th

eir te

rrito

ry.

In

pro

gre

ss

tow

ard

s

co

mp

liance In

p

rog

ress

tow

ard

s

co

mp

liance

In

pro

gre

ss

tow

ard

s

co

mp

liance

In

pro

gre

ss

tow

ard

s

co

mp

liance

40

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

Sta

tus

,

Wa

les

Sta

tus

,

No

rth

ern

Ir

ela

nd

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

3

. F

or

the

pro

secu

tio

n o

f th

e o

ffe

nces e

sta

blis

he

d in

acco

rdan

ce

with

Art

icle

s 3

6,

37

, 3

8 a

nd

39

of th

is C

on

ven

tio

n,

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

eir ju

risd

ictio

n is n

ot su

bord

ina

ted

to

th

e c

on

ditio

n th

at th

e a

cts

are

cri

min

alis

ed

in

th

e terr

ito

ry w

here

th

ey w

ere

com

mitte

d.

4.

Fo

r th

e p

rosecu

tio

n o

f th

e o

ffe

nces e

sta

blis

he

d in

acco

rdan

ce

with

Art

icle

s 3

6,

37

, 3

8 a

nd

39

of th

is C

on

ven

tio

n,

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re t

ha

t th

eir ju

risd

ictio

n a

s r

ega

rds p

oin

ts d

a

nd

e o

f p

ara

gra

ph

1 is n

ot su

bo

rdin

ate

d to

th

e c

on

ditio

n th

at th

e p

rosecu

tion

can

on

ly b

e in

itia

ted

fo

llow

ing th

e

rep

ort

ing

by th

e v

ictim

of th

e o

ffe

nce

or

the

la

yin

g o

f in

form

ation

by th

e s

tate

of th

e p

lace

wh

ere

th

e o

ffe

nce

wa

s

co

mm

itte

d.

5.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

sta

blis

h jurisd

ictio

n o

ve

r th

e o

ffe

nce

s

esta

blis

he

d in a

cco

rda

nce

with

th

is C

onve

ntio

n, in

case

s w

he

re a

n a

lleg

ed

pe

rpe

tra

tor

is p

rese

nt o

n th

eir terr

ito

ry

an

d th

ey d

o n

ot e

xtr

ad

ite

he

r o

r h

im to

an

oth

er

Part

y, so

lely

on

th

e b

asis

of h

er

or

his

na

tion

alit

y.

6.

Wh

en

mo

re th

an

one

Pa

rty c

laim

s jurisd

ictio

n o

ver

an

alle

ged

offe

nce

esta

blis

he

d in

acco

rdan

ce

with

th

is

Co

nven

tio

n, th

e P

art

ies in

vo

lve

d s

ha

ll, w

he

re a

ppro

pria

te, co

nsu

lt e

ach

oth

er

with

a v

iew

to

de

term

inin

g the

mo

st

ap

pro

pria

te jurisd

ictio

n for

pro

secu

tio

n.

7.

With

ou

t pre

jud

ice

to

th

e g

en

era

l ru

les o

f in

tern

ation

al la

w, th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n d

oe

s n

ot e

xclu

de

any c

rim

ina

l ju

risd

iction

exe

rcis

ed

by a

Pa

rty in

acco

rda

nce

with

its

in

tern

al la

w.

45

. S

an

ctio

ns a

nd

me

asu

res

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e o

ffe

nces e

sta

blis

he

d in

a

cco

rda

nce

with

th

is C

onve

ntio

n a

re p

un

ish

ab

le b

y e

ffe

ctive

, p

rop

ort

iona

te a

nd

dis

su

asiv

e s

anctio

ns,

takin

g in

to

acco

un

t th

eir s

erio

usn

ess. T

he

se

sa

nctio

ns s

ha

ll in

clu

de

, w

he

re a

pp

rop

ria

te, sen

ten

ce

s in

vo

lvin

g th

e d

ep

riva

tio

n

of lib

ert

y w

hic

h c

an

giv

e r

ise

to

extr

ad

itio

n.

2

. P

art

ies m

ay a

do

pt

oth

er

me

asu

res in

re

latio

n to

pe

rpetr

ato

rs,

such

as:

-mo

nitorin

g o

r su

pe

rvis

ion

of co

nvic

ted

pe

rso

ns;

-with

dra

wa

l of p

are

nta

l rig

hts

, if th

e b

est in

tere

sts

of th

e c

hild

, w

hic

h m

ay in

clu

de

th

e s

afe

ty o

f th

e v

ictim

, ca

nn

ot

be

gu

ara

nte

ed

in

an

y o

the

r w

ay.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

41

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

S

tatu

s,

Wa

les

S

tatu

s,

No

rth

ern

Ir

ela

nd

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

46

. A

gg

rava

tin

g c

ircum

sta

nces

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e fo

llow

ing

circum

sta

nce

s, in

so

far

as the

y

do

no

t a

lre

ady fo

rm p

art

of th

e c

onstitu

en

t e

lem

en

ts o

f th

e o

ffe

nce

, m

ay, in

co

nfo

rmity w

ith

th

e r

ele

va

nt p

rovis

ions o

f in

tern

al la

w, b

e ta

ken

in

to c

on

sid

era

tion a

s a

ggra

va

tin

g c

ircum

sta

nces in

th

e d

ete

rmin

atio

n o

f th

e s

en

tence

in

re

latio

n to

th

e o

ffe

nces e

sta

blis

he

d in a

cco

rda

nce

with

th

is C

onve

ntio

n:

a. th

e o

ffe

nce w

as c

om

mitte

d a

ga

inst a

fo

rmer

or

cu

rre

nt sp

ou

se

or

pa

rtn

er

as r

eco

gn

ise

d b

y in

tern

al la

w,

by a

me

mb

er

of th

e fa

mily

, a

pe

rso

n c

oha

bitin

g w

ith

the

vic

tim

or

a p

ers

on

ha

vin

g a

buse

d h

er

or

his

au

thority

;

b. th

e o

ffe

nce, o

r re

late

d o

ffe

nce

s, w

ere

co

mm

itte

d r

ep

ea

ted

ly;

c.

the

offe

nce w

as c

om

mitte

d a

ga

inst a

pe

rso

n m

ad

e v

uln

era

ble

by p

art

icu

lar

circu

msta

nce

s;

d

. th

e o

ffe

nce w

as c

om

mitte

d a

ga

inst o

r in

th

e p

rese

nce

of a

ch

ild;

e

. th

e o

ffe

nce w

as c

om

mitte

d b

y tw

o o

r m

ore

pe

op

le a

ctin

g to

ge

the

r;

f.

the

offe

nce w

as p

rece

ded

or

acco

mp

an

ied

by e

xtr

em

e le

ve

ls o

f vio

lence

; g

. th

e o

ffe

nce w

as c

om

mitte

d w

ith

th

e u

se

or

thre

at of a

we

ap

on

;

h. th

e o

ffe

nce r

esu

lted

in

se

ve

re p

hysic

al o

r p

sych

olo

gic

al h

arm

fo

r th

e v

ictim

;

i. th

e p

erp

etr

ato

r h

ad

pre

vio

usly

bee

n c

on

vic

ted

of o

ffe

nce

s o

f a

sim

ilar

na

ture

.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

47

. S

en

ten

ces p

asse

d b

y a

no

ther

Pa

rty

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o p

rovid

e fo

r th

e p

ossib

ility

of ta

kin

g in

to a

cco

un

t fin

al

se

nte

nce

s p

asse

d b

y a

no

the

r P

art

y in

re

latio

n to

th

e o

ffe

nces e

sta

blis

he

d in

acco

rdan

ce

with

th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n w

he

n

de

term

inin

g th

e s

en

tence

.

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

48

. P

roh

ibitio

n o

f m

an

da

tory

alte

rna

tive

dis

pu

te r

eso

lutio

n p

roce

sse

s o

r se

nte

ncin

g

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o p

roh

ibit m

an

da

tory

alte

rna

tive

dis

pu

te r

eso

lutio

n

pro

ce

sse

s, in

clu

din

g m

ed

iatio

n a

nd

co

ncili

atio

n, in

re

latio

n to

all

form

s o

f vio

len

ce

co

ve

red

by th

e s

co

pe

of th

is

Co

nven

tio

n.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at if th

e p

aym

en

t o

f a

fin

e is o

rde

red

, d

ue

acco

un

t sh

all

be

ta

ken

of th

e a

bili

ty o

f th

e p

erp

etr

ato

r to

assum

e h

is o

r h

er

fin

an

cia

l o

blig

atio

ns t

ow

ard

s t

he

vic

tim

.

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

42

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

Sta

tus

,

Wa

les

Sta

tus

,

No

rth

ern

Ire

lan

d

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

49

. G

en

era

l ob

liga

tio

ns

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at in

ve

stig

atio

ns a

nd

ju

dic

ial

pro

ce

ed

ings in

re

latio

n to

all

form

s o

f vio

len

ce

co

vere

d b

y th

e s

co

pe o

f th

is C

on

ven

tio

n a

re c

arr

ied

ou

t w

ith

out

un

du

e d

ela

y w

hile

takin

g in

to c

onsid

era

tio

n th

e r

igh

ts o

f th

e v

ictim

du

ring

all

sta

ge

s o

f th

e c

rim

ina

l p

roce

ed

ings.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res,

in c

on

form

ity w

ith

th

e fu

nd

am

en

tal p

rincip

les o

f h

um

an

rig

hts

an

d h

avin

g r

eg

ard

to

th

e g

en

de

red

un

de

rsta

nd

ing

of vio

len

ce

, to

en

sure

th

e e

ffective

in

ve

stiga

tio

n

an

d p

rose

cu

tio

n o

f o

ffe

nces e

sta

blis

he

d in

acco

rda

nce

with

th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

50

. Im

me

dia

te r

esp

onse

, pre

ve

ntio

n a

nd p

rote

ction

1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e r

esp

onsib

le la

w e

nfo

rce

me

nt

ag

en

cie

s r

esp

on

d to

all

form

s o

f vio

len

ce

co

ve

red

by th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ve

ntion

pro

mp

tly a

nd

ap

pro

pria

tely

by

offe

rin

g a

de

qu

ate

an

d im

me

dia

te p

rote

ctio

n to

vic

tim

s.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e r

esp

onsib

le la

w e

nfo

rce

me

nt

ag

en

cie

s e

nga

ge

pro

mp

tly a

nd

app

rop

ria

tely

in

th

e p

reve

ntio

n a

nd

pro

tectio

n a

ga

inst a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

len

ce

co

ve

red

by th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n, in

clu

din

g th

e e

mp

loym

en

t o

f p

reve

ntive

op

era

tio

na

l m

ea

su

res a

nd

th

e

co

llectio

n o

f evid

en

ce

.

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

51

. R

isk a

ssessm

en

t a

nd

ris

k m

an

ag

em

en

t 1

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ece

ssa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res to

ensu

re th

at a

n a

sse

ssm

en

t o

f th

e le

tha

lity r

isk, th

e

se

rio

usn

ess o

f th

e s

itu

ation

an

d t

he

ris

k o

f re

pea

ted v

iole

nce

is c

arr

ied

ou

t b

y a

ll re

leva

nt

au

tho

rities i

n o

rder

to

ma

na

ge

th

e r

isk a

nd

if n

ece

ssa

ry to

pro

vid

e c

o-o

rdin

ate

d s

afe

ty a

nd

su

pp

ort

.

2

. P

art

ies s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ece

ssa

ry le

gis

lative

or o

the

r m

ea

sure

s to

en

su

re th

at th

e a

sse

ssm

en

t re

ferr

ed

to

in p

ara

gra

ph

1

du

ly t

ake

s i

nto

acco

un

t, a

t a

ll sta

ge

s o

f th

e i

nve

stig

atio

n a

nd

ap

plic

atio

n o

f p

rote

ctive

me

asure

s,

the

fa

ct

tha

t p

erp

etr

ato

rs o

f a

cts

of vio

len

ce

co

vere

d b

y th

e s

co

pe o

f th

is C

on

ven

tio

n p

osse

ss o

r h

ave

acce

ss to

firea

rms.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

43

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

Sta

tus

,

Wa

les

Sta

tus

,

No

rth

ern

Ire

lan

d

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

52

. E

me

rgency b

arr

ing

ord

ers

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e c

om

pe

ten

t a

uth

oritie

s a

re g

ran

ted

th

e

po

we

r to

ord

er,

in

situ

atio

ns o

f im

me

dia

te d

an

ge

r, a

pe

rpe

tra

tor

of d

om

estic v

iole

nce

to

va

ca

te th

e r

esid

ence

of th

e v

ictim

or

pers

on

at risk for

a s

uffic

ien

t p

eri

od

of tim

e a

nd

to

pro

hib

it th

e p

erp

etr

ato

r fr

om

en

tering

th

e r

esid

ence

of or

co

nta

ctin

g

the

vic

tim

or

pe

rso

n a

t risk. M

ea

sure

s ta

ke

n p

urs

uan

t to

th

is a

rtic

le s

ha

ll g

ive

pri

ority

to

th

e s

afe

ty o

f vic

tim

s o

r p

ers

ons a

t

risk.

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

53

. R

estr

ain

ing

or

pro

tectio

n o

rde

rs

1.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at a

ppro

pria

te r

estr

ain

ing

or

pro

tectio

n

ord

ers

are

ava

ilab

le t

o v

ictim

s o

f a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

len

ce

co

ve

red

by th

e s

co

pe

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

2.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at th

e r

estr

ain

ing

or

pro

tectio

n o

rde

rs

refe

rre

d to

in

pa

rag

rap

h 1

are

:

- a

va

ilab

le fo

r im

me

dia

te p

rote

ctio

n a

nd

with

ou

t u

nd

ue

fin

ancia

l o

r adm

inis

tra

tive

bu

rden

s p

laced

on

th

e v

ictim

; -

issu

ed

fo

r a

sp

ecifie

d p

eriod

or

un

til m

odifie

d o

r d

ischa

rged

;

- w

here

nece

ssa

ry, is

su

ed

on

an

ex p

art

e b

asis

wh

ich h

as im

med

iate

effe

ct;

- a

va

ilab

le irr

esp

ective

of, o

r in

ad

ditio

n to

, o

the

r le

ga

l p

roce

ed

ings;

- a

llow

ed

to

be in

tro

duce

d in s

ubse

qu

en

t le

ga

l p

roce

ed

ing

s.

3.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at b

rea

che

s o

f re

str

ain

ing

or

pro

tectio

n

ord

ers

issu

ed p

urs

ua

nt to

pa

ragra

ph

1 s

ha

ll b

e s

ub

ject to

effe

ctive

, p

ropo

rtio

na

te a

nd

dis

su

asiv

e c

rim

ina

l o

r o

the

r

leg

al sa

nctio

ns.

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

54

. In

ve

stig

atio

ns a

nd

evid

en

ce

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at, in

an

y c

ivil

or

crim

ina

l p

roce

ed

ings,

evid

ence

re

latin

g to

th

e s

exu

al h

isto

ry a

nd

co

nd

uct

of th

e v

ictim

sh

all

be

pe

rmitte

d o

nly

wh

en it is

re

leva

nt a

nd

ne

ce

ssa

ry.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

44

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

Sta

tus

,

Wa

les

Sta

tus

,

No

rth

ern

Ire

lan

d

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

55

. E

x p

art

e a

nd

ex o

ffic

io p

roce

ed

ings

1.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll e

nsu

re t

ha

t in

ve

stig

atio

ns in

to o

r p

rose

cu

tio

n o

f o

ffe

nce

s e

sta

blis

he

d in

acco

rdan

ce

with

Art

icle

s 3

5, 3

6,

37

, 3

8 a

nd

39 o

f th

is C

on

ven

tio

n s

ha

ll n

ot b

e w

ho

lly d

ep

en

da

nt u

pon a

re

port

or

co

mp

lain

t file

d b

y a

vic

tim

if

the

o

ffe

nce

wa

s c

om

mitte

d in

wh

ole

or

in p

art

on

its

te

rrito

ry, a

nd

th

at th

e p

rocee

din

gs m

ay c

on

tin

ue

eve

n if th

e v

ictim

w

ith

dra

ws h

er

or

his

sta

tem

en

t o

r co

mpla

int.

2.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re, in

acco

rda

nce

with

the

co

nd

itio

ns p

rovid

ed

for

by th

eir

in

tern

al la

w,

the p

ossib

ility

fo

r g

ove

rnm

en

tal a

nd

no

n-g

ove

rnm

en

tal o

rga

nis

atio

ns a

nd

do

mestic v

iole

nce

co

un

se

llors

to

assis

t a

nd

/or

sup

port

vic

tim

s,

at th

eir

re

qu

est, d

uring

in

ve

stig

ation

s a

nd

ju

dic

ial p

roce

ed

ings

co

nce

rnin

g th

e o

ffe

nces e

sta

blis

he

d in

acco

rda

nce

with

th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

56

. M

ea

sure

s o

f p

rote

ction

1. P

art

ies s

hall

take

th

e n

ece

ssa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res to

pro

tect

the

rig

hts

an

d in

tere

sts

of vic

tim

s, in

clu

din

g

the

ir s

pe

cia

l n

ee

ds a

s w

itne

sses,

at a

ll sta

ge

s o

f in

vestig

atio

ns a

nd

ju

dic

ial p

roce

ed

ing

s, in

pa

rtic

ula

r b

y:

a

. p

rovid

ing

fo

r th

eir

pro

tection

, a

s w

ell

as t

ha

t o

f th

eir fa

mili

es a

nd

witn

esses,

fro

m in

tim

ida

tio

n, re

talia

tio

n a

nd

rep

ea

t vic

tim

isa

tio

n;

b.

en

su

ring

th

at vic

tim

s a

re in

form

ed

, a

t le

ast in

case

s w

he

re th

e v

ictim

s a

nd

th

e fam

ily m

igh

t b

e in

da

ng

er,

wh

en

th

e p

erp

etr

ato

r e

sca

pes o

r is

re

lease

d te

mp

ora

rily

or

de

fin

itiv

ely

;

c.

info

rmin

g th

em

, u

nd

er

the

co

nd

itio

ns p

rovid

ed

fo

r b

y in

tern

al la

w,

of th

eir

rig

hts

an

d th

e s

erv

ice

s a

t th

eir

dis

posa

l a

nd

th

e fo

llow

-up

giv

en

to th

eir

co

mp

lain

t, th

e c

ha

rges,

the

ge

nera

l p

rogre

ss o

f th

e in

ve

stiga

tio

n o

r pro

ce

ed

ings,

an

d

the

ir r

ole

th

ere

in, a

s w

ell

as t

he

ou

tco

me

of th

eir

case

;

d.

en

ab

ling

vic

tim

s, in

a m

ann

er

co

nsis

tent w

ith

th

e p

roce

du

ral ru

les o

f in

tern

al la

w,

to b

e h

ea

rd, to

su

pp

ly e

vid

en

ce

a

nd

ha

ve

th

eir v

iew

s, n

ee

ds a

nd

co

nce

rns p

rese

nte

d, d

ire

ctly o

r th

rou

gh

an

in

term

ed

iary

, a

nd

co

nsid

ere

d;

e.

pro

vid

ing

vic

tim

s w

ith

app

rop

ria

te s

upp

ort

se

rvic

es s

o th

at th

eir r

ights

an

d in

tere

sts

are

du

ly p

resen

ted

and

ta

ken

in

to a

cco

un

t;

f.

en

su

ring

th

at m

ea

su

res m

ay b

e a

do

pte

d to

pro

tect

the

priva

cy a

nd

th

e im

ag

e o

f th

e v

ictim

;

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

45

Art

icle

Sta

tus

,

En

gla

nd

Sta

tus

,

Wa

les

Sta

tus

,

No

rth

ern

Ire

lan

d

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

g.

en

su

ring

th

at co

nta

ct

be

twe

en

vic

tim

s a

nd

pe

rpe

tra

tors

with

in c

ou

rt a

nd

la

w e

nfo

rce

men

t a

gen

cy p

rem

ise

s is

avo

ide

d w

here

po

ssib

le;

h.

pro

vid

ing

vic

tim

s w

ith

in

de

pe

nd

en

t a

nd

co

mp

ete

nt in

terp

rete

rs w

he

n v

ictim

s a

re p

art

ies to

pro

ce

ed

ing

s o

r w

he

n

the

y a

re s

up

ply

ing

evid

en

ce

;

i.

en

ab

ling

vic

tim

s to

te

stify

, a

cco

rdin

g to

th

e r

ule

s p

rovid

ed

by th

eir in

tern

al la

w,

in th

e c

ourt

roo

m w

ith

ou

t be

ing

p

rese

nt or

at le

ast w

itho

ut th

e p

rese

nce

of th

e a

lleg

ed p

erp

etr

ato

r, n

ota

bly

th

roug

h th

e u

se

of a

pp

ropria

te

co

mm

un

ica

tio

n te

chn

olo

gie

s, w

he

re a

va

ilab

le.

2

.A c

hild

vic

tim

an

d c

hild

witn

ess o

f vio

len

ce

ag

ain

st

wo

me

n a

nd

dom

estic v

iole

nce

sh

all

be

affo

rde

d, w

here

ap

pro

pria

te,

sp

ecia

l pro

tectio

n m

easu

res ta

kin

g in

to a

cco

un

t th

e b

est in

tere

sts

of th

e c

hild

.

57

. L

eg

al a

id

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll p

rovid

e for

the

rig

ht to

le

gal a

ssis

tance

an

d to

fre

e le

ga

l a

id fo

r vic

tim

s u

nde

r th

e c

ond

itio

ns p

rovid

ed

by th

eir

inte

rna

l la

w.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

58

. S

tatu

te o

f lim

ita

tio

n

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

an

d o

the

r m

ea

su

res to

en

su

re t

ha

t th

e s

tatu

te o

f lim

ita

tio

n fo

r in

itia

tin

g a

ny

leg

al p

roce

edin

gs w

ith

re

ga

rd to

th

e o

ffe

nce

s e

sta

blis

hed

in

accord

ance

with

Art

icle

s 3

6, 3

7, 3

8 a

nd

39

of th

is

Co

nven

tio

n, sh

all

co

ntin

ue

fo

r a

pe

rio

d o

f tim

e th

at

is s

uffic

ien

t a

nd c

om

men

su

rate

with

th

e g

ravity o

f th

e o

ffe

nce

in

qu

estio

n, to

allo

w fo

r th

e e

ffic

ien

t in

itia

tion

of p

roce

ed

ing

s a

fter

the

vic

tim

ha

s r

ea

che

d th

e a

ge

of m

ajo

rity

.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

46

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

S

tatu

s,

Wa

les

S

tatu

s,

No

rth

ern

Ir

ela

nd

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

59

. R

esid

en

ce

sta

tus

1. P

art

ies s

hall

take

th

e n

ece

ssa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res to

en

su

re t

ha

t vic

tim

s w

hose

re

sid

ence

sta

tus d

ep

end

s

on

th

at o

f th

e s

pou

se

or

part

ne

r a

s r

eco

gn

ised

by in

tern

al la

w,

in th

e e

ve

nt o

f th

e d

isso

lution

of th

e m

arr

iag

e o

r th

e

rela

tio

nsh

ip, a

re g

ran

ted

in

th

e e

ve

nt o

f p

art

icu

larl

y d

ifficu

lt c

ircu

msta

nce

s, u

pon

ap

plic

atio

n, a

n a

uto

no

mou

s r

esid

ence

pe

rmit irr

esp

ective

of th

e d

ura

tio

n o

f th

e m

arr

iag

e o

r th

e r

ela

tion

sh

ip. T

he

con

ditio

ns r

ela

tin

g to

th

e g

ran

ting a

nd

du

ratio

n

of th

e a

uto

nom

ou

s r

esid

ence

perm

it a

re e

sta

blis

he

d b

y in

tern

al la

w.

2. P

art

ies s

hall

take

th

e n

ece

ssa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res to

en

su

re t

ha

t vic

tim

s m

ay o

bta

in th

e s

uspe

nsio

n o

f

exp

uls

ion

pro

ce

ed

ings in

itia

ted

in

re

lation

to

a r

esid

ence

sta

tus d

epe

nd

en

t o

n th

at o

f th

e s

po

use

or

part

ne

r as r

eco

gn

ise

d

by in

tern

al la

w t

o e

na

ble

th

em

to

ap

ply

fo

r a

n a

uto

nom

ou

s r

esid

ence

perm

it.

3. P

art

ies s

hall

issue

a r

ene

wab

le r

esid

en

ce

pe

rmit to

vic

tim

s in

on

e o

f th

e tw

o fo

llow

ing

situa

tio

ns,

or

in b

oth

:

a.

wh

ere

th

e c

om

pe

ten

t a

uth

ori

ty c

onsid

ers

th

at th

eir s

tay is n

ece

ssa

ry o

win

g to

the

ir p

ers

on

al situ

atio

n;

b.

wh

ere

th

e c

om

pe

ten

t a

uth

ori

ty c

onsid

ers

th

at th

eir s

tay is n

ece

ssa

ry fo

r th

e p

urp

ose

of th

eir

co

-op

era

tion

with

th

e

co

mpe

ten

t a

uth

oritie

s in

in

ve

stig

ation

or

cri

min

al p

roce

ed

ing

s.

4. P

art

ies s

hall

take

th

e n

ece

ssa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res to

en

su

re t

ha

t vic

tim

s o

f fo

rce

d m

arr

iag

e b

rou

gh

t in

to

an

oth

er

co

un

try fo

r th

e p

urp

ose

of th

e m

arr

iag

e a

nd

wh

o, a

s a

re

su

lt, h

ave

lo

st th

eir r

esid

ence

sta

tus in

th

e c

oun

try

wh

ere

th

ey h

ab

itu

ally

resid

e, m

ay r

eg

ain

th

is s

tatu

s.

Un

de

r

revie

w

Un

de

r

revie

w

Un

de

r

revie

w

Un

de

r

revie

w

60

. G

en

de

r-ba

sed

asylu

m c

laim

s

1.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at g

end

er-

base

d v

iole

nce

ag

ain

st w

om

en

m

ay b

e r

eco

gn

ised

as a

fo

rm o

f p

ers

ecu

tio

n w

ith

in th

e m

ea

nin

g o

f A

rtic

le 1

, A

(2

), o

f th

e 1

95

1 C

on

ven

tio

n r

ela

tin

g to

th

e S

tatu

s o

f R

efu

ge

es a

nd

as a

fo

rm o

f se

riou

s h

arm

giv

ing

ris

e to c

om

ple

me

nta

ry/s

ubsid

iary

pro

tectio

n.

2.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll e

nsu

re t

ha

t a

ge

nd

er-

se

nsitiv

e in

terp

reta

tio

n is g

ive

n to e

ach

of th

e C

on

ven

tio

n g

rou

nd

s a

nd

tha

t w

he

re

it is e

sta

blis

he

d th

at th

e p

ers

ecu

tion

fe

are

d is f

or

one

or

mo

re o

f th

ese

gro

un

ds,

ap

plic

an

ts s

ha

ll b

e g

ran

ted r

efu

ge

e

sta

tus a

ccord

ing

to

th

e a

pplic

ab

le r

ele

van

t in

str

um

en

ts.

3.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o d

eve

lop

ge

nd

er-

se

nsitiv

e r

ece

ptio

n p

roce

dure

s a

nd

su

pp

ort

se

rvic

es fo

r asylu

m-s

eeke

rs a

s w

ell

as g

en

de

r g

uid

elin

es a

nd

gen

der-

se

nsitiv

e a

sylu

m p

roce

du

res, in

clu

din

g

refu

gee

sta

tus d

ete

rmin

atio

n a

nd

ap

plic

atio

n fo

r in

tern

atio

na

l pro

tectio

n.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

47

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

S

tatu

s,

Wa

les

S

tatu

s,

No

rth

ern

Ir

ela

nd

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

61

. N

on-r

efo

ule

me

nt

1.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o r

esp

ect

the

princip

le o

f n

on

-re

fou

lem

en

t in

a

cco

rda

nce

with

exis

tin

g o

blig

atio

ns u

nd

er

inte

rna

tio

na

l la

w.

2.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at vic

tim

s o

f vio

len

ce

ag

ain

st

wom

en

who

are

in

nee

d o

f p

rote

ction

, re

ga

rdle

ss o

f th

eir

sta

tus o

r re

sid

ence

, sh

all

no

t b

e r

etu

rne

d u

nd

er

an

y c

ircu

msta

nces t

o

an

y c

oun

try w

here

th

eir

life

wo

uld

be

at risk o

r w

he

re th

ey m

igh

t b

e s

ub

jecte

d to

to

rtu

re o

r in

hu

ma

n o

r d

eg

rad

ing

tre

atm

en

t or

pu

nis

hm

en

t.

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

62

. G

en

era

l prin

cip

les

1.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll co

-op

era

te w

ith

ea

ch

oth

er,

in

acco

rda

nce

with

th

e p

rovis

ion

s o

f th

is C

on

ve

ntion

, a

nd

th

rou

gh

th

e

ap

plic

atio

n o

f re

leva

nt in

tern

atio

na

l an

d r

eg

ion

al in

str

um

en

ts o

n c

o-o

pe

ratio

n in

civ

il a

nd

crim

ina

l m

atte

rs,

arr

an

ge

me

nts

ag

ree

d o

n th

e b

asis

of un

ifo

rm o

r re

cip

roca

l le

gis

latio

n a

nd

in

tern

al la

ws, to

th

e w

ide

st e

xte

nt p

ossib

le,

for

the

pu

rpose

of:

a. p

reve

nting

, co

mb

atin

g a

nd p

rose

cu

tin

g a

ll fo

rms o

f vio

lence

co

ve

red

by th

e s

cop

e o

f th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n;

b. p

rote

ctin

g a

nd

pro

vid

ing

assis

tance

to

vic

tim

s;

c.

inve

stig

ation

s o

r p

roce

ed

ing

s c

once

rnin

g th

e o

ffe

nces e

sta

blis

he

d in

acco

rda

nce

with

th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n;

d. e

nfo

rcin

g r

ele

va

nt civ

il a

nd

crim

ina

l ju

dgm

en

ts issue

d b

y th

e ju

dic

ial a

uth

ori

ties o

f P

art

ies, in

clu

din

g p

rote

ctio

n o

rde

rs.

2.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll ta

ke

th

e n

ecessa

ry le

gis

lative

or

oth

er

me

asu

res t

o e

nsu

re th

at vic

tim

s o

f a

n o

ffen

ce

esta

blis

he

d in

a

cco

rda

nce

with

th

is C

onve

ntio

n a

nd

co

mm

itte

d in

th

e te

rritory

of a

Pa

rty o

the

r th

an

th

e o

ne

wh

ere

th

ey r

esid

e m

ay

ma

ke

a c

om

pla

int b

efo

re the

co

mpe

ten

t a

uth

ori

ties o

f th

eir s

tate

of re

sid

ence

.

3

. If a

Pa

rty th

at

ma

kes m

utu

al le

ga

l assis

tan

ce

in

crim

ina

l m

atte

rs,

extr

ad

itio

n o

r en

forc

em

en

t o

f civ

il o

r crim

ina

l ju

dg

men

ts im

po

se

d b

y a

noth

er

Pa

rty to

th

is C

on

ve

ntion

co

nd

itio

na

l o

n th

e e

xis

ten

ce

of a

tre

aty

re

ce

ives a

re

qu

est

for

such

le

ga

l co

op

era

tion

fro

m a

Pa

rty w

ith

wh

ich

it h

as n

ot co

nclu

de

d s

uch

a tre

aty

, it m

ay c

onsid

er

this

Co

nven

tio

n

to b

e th

e le

gal b

asis

fo

r m

utu

al le

ga

l assis

tance

in

crim

ina

l m

atte

rs, e

xtr

ad

itio

n o

r e

nfo

rce

me

nt o

f civ

il o

r crim

ina

l ju

dg

men

ts im

po

se

d b

y th

e o

the

r P

art

y in r

espe

ct o

f th

e o

ffe

nce

s e

sta

blis

he

d in

acco

rda

nce

with

th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

4.

Pa

rtie

s s

ha

ll e

nd

ea

vo

ur

to in

teg

rate

, w

he

re a

pp

rop

riate

, th

e p

reve

ntio

n a

nd

th

e fig

ht a

ga

inst

vio

lence

aga

inst

wo

me

n

an

d d

om

estic v

iole

nce

in

assis

tance

pro

gra

mm

es for

de

ve

lop

me

nt p

rovid

ed

fo

r th

e b

ene

fit o

f th

ird

sta

tes,

inclu

din

g

by e

nte

rin

g into

bila

tera

l a

nd

mu

ltila

tera

l a

gre

em

en

ts w

ith

th

ird

Sta

tes w

ith

a v

iew

to

fa

cili

tating

th

e p

rote

ctio

n o

f vic

tim

s in

acco

rdan

ce

with

Art

icle

18

, p

ara

gra

ph

5.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

48

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

S

tatu

s,

Wa

les

S

tatu

s,

No

rth

ern

Ir

ela

nd

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

63

. M

ea

su

res r

ela

tin

g to

pers

on

s a

t risk

Wh

en

a P

art

y, o

n th

e b

asis

of th

e in

form

atio

n a

t its d

isp

osa

l, h

as r

ea

son

ab

le g

rou

nds t

o b

elie

ve

th

at a

pe

rso

n is a

t

imm

ed

iate

ris

k o

f b

ein

g s

ub

jecte

d to

any o

f th

e a

cts

of vio

len

ce

refe

rre

d to

in

Art

icle

s 3

6, 3

7, 3

8 a

nd

39

of th

is C

on

ve

ntion

on

th

e te

rritory

of a

no

the

r P

art

y, th

e P

art

y th

at h

as th

e in

form

ation

is e

nco

ura

ged

to

tra

nsm

it it w

ith

ou

t d

ela

y to

th

e la

tte

r

for

the

pu

rpose

of e

nsu

ring

th

at a

pp

ropria

te p

rote

ction

me

asu

res a

re ta

ken

. W

he

re a

pp

lica

ble

, th

is in

form

atio

n s

ha

ll

inclu

de

de

tails

on

exis

ting

pro

tectio

n p

rovis

ion

s fo

r th

e b

en

efit o

f th

e p

ers

on

at risk.

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

Co

mp

lian

t C

om

plia

nt

64

. In

form

ation

1. T

he

re

qu

este

d P

art

y s

ha

ll p

rom

ptly in

form

th

e r

equ

esting

Pa

rty o

f th

e fin

al re

su

lt o

f th

e a

ctio

n ta

ken

un

de

r th

is c

ha

pte

r.

Th

e r

eq

ueste

d P

art

y s

ha

ll a

lso

pro

mp

tly in

form

th

e r

eq

uestin

g P

art

y o

f a

ny c

ircu

msta

nce

s w

hic

h r

en

der

impo

ssib

le th

e

ca

rryin

g o

ut o

f th

e a

ctio

n s

ou

gh

t o

r are

lik

ely

to

de

lay it sig

nific

an

tly.

2. A

Pa

rty m

ay, w

ith

in th

e lim

its o

f its in

tern

al la

w,

witho

ut p

rior

req

ue

st, fo

rwa

rd to

an

oth

er

Pa

rty in

form

atio

n o

bta

ine

d

with

in th

e fra

me

work

of its o

wn

in

vestiga

tio

ns w

hen

it co

nsid

ers

tha

t th

e d

isclo

su

re o

f su

ch

info

rma

tio

n m

igh

t a

ssis

t th

e

rece

ivin

g P

art

y in

pre

ve

nting

cri

min

al o

ffe

nce

s e

sta

blis

hed

in

accord

ance

with

th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n o

r in

in

itia

tin

g o

r carr

yin

g

ou

t in

ve

stig

atio

ns o

r p

roce

ed

ings c

on

ce

rnin

g s

uch

crim

ina

l o

ffe

nces o

r th

at it m

igh

t le

ad

to

a r

eq

ue

st fo

r co-o

pe

ratio

n b

y

tha

t P

art

y u

nd

er

this

ch

ap

ter.

3. A

Pa

rty r

ece

ivin

g a

ny in

form

ation

in

acco

rda

nce

with

pa

rag

rap

h 2

sh

all

su

bm

it s

uch

in

form

atio

n to

its

com

pe

ten

t

au

tho

rities in

ord

er

tha

t p

roce

ed

ings m

ay b

e ta

ke

n if th

ey a

re c

onsid

ere

d a

ppro

pria

te, o

r th

at th

is in

form

ation

ma

y b

e

take

n in

to a

cco

un

t in

re

leva

nt civ

il a

nd

crim

ina

l pro

cee

din

gs.

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

65

. D

ata

Pro

tectio

n

Pe

rso

na

l da

ta s

ha

ll be

sto

red

and

use

d p

urs

uan

t to

th

e o

blig

atio

ns u

nd

ert

ake

n b

y th

e P

art

ies u

nd

er

the

Co

nve

ntio

n fo

r

the

Pro

tection

of In

div

idu

als

with

reg

ard

to

Au

tom

atic P

roce

ssin

g o

f P

ers

on

al D

ata

(E

TS

No

. 10

8).

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

Co

mp

lian

t

49

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

Sta

tus

,

Wa

les

Sta

tus

,

No

rth

ern

Ire

lan

d

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

66

. G

rou

p o

f e

xp

ert

s o

n a

ctio

n a

ga

inst vio

lence

aga

inst

wo

me

n a

nd

do

mestic v

iole

nce

1.

Th

e G

rou

p o

f e

xp

ert

s o

n a

ctio

n a

ga

inst

vio

len

ce

ag

ain

st w

om

en

an

d d

om

estic v

iole

nce

(h

ere

ina

fte

r re

ferr

ed

to

as

“GR

EV

IO”)

sh

all

mo

nitor

the

im

ple

me

nta

tio

n o

f th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n b

y th

e P

art

ies.

2.

GR

EV

IO s

ha

ll b

e c

om

po

sed

of a

min

imum

of 1

0 m

em

be

rs a

nd

a m

axim

um

of 1

5 m

em

be

rs, ta

kin

g in

to a

ccou

nt a

ge

nd

er

and

ge

og

rap

hic

al ba

lance

, a

s w

ell

as m

ultid

iscip

lina

ry e

xp

ert

ise

. Its m

em

be

rs s

ha

ll b

e e

lecte

d b

y th

e

Co

mm

itte

e o

f th

e P

art

ies fro

m a

mo

ng

can

did

ate

s n

om

ina

ted

by th

e P

art

ies for

a te

rm o

f o

ffic

e o

f fo

ur

ye

ars

,

ren

ew

ab

le o

nce

, a

nd

ch

ose

n fro

m a

mon

g n

atio

na

ls o

f th

e P

art

ies.

3.

Th

e in

itia

l e

lectio

n o

f 1

0 m

em

bers

sh

all

be

he

ld w

ith

in a

pe

rio

d o

f on

e y

ea

r fo

llow

ing

th

e e

ntr

y in

to fo

rce

of th

is

Co

nven

tio

n. T

he

ele

ctio

n o

f five

ad

ditio

na

l m

em

be

rs s

ha

ll be

he

ld fo

llow

ing

th

e 2

5th

ra

tifica

tio

n o

r acce

ssio

n.

4.

Th

e e

lectio

n o

f th

e m

em

bers

of G

RE

VIO

sh

all

be

ba

se

d o

n th

e fo

llow

ing

princip

les:

a.

the

y s

ha

ll b

e c

hose

n a

ccord

ing

to

a tra

nsp

are

nt pro

ced

ure

fro

m a

mo

ng

pers

ons o

f h

igh

mo

ral ch

ara

cte

r, k

no

wn

fo

r th

eir r

eco

gn

ise

d c

om

pe

tence

in

th

e fie

lds o

f h

um

an

rig

hts

, g

end

er

eq

ua

lity, vio

len

ce

ag

ain

st

wo

me

n a

nd

dom

estic

vio

len

ce

, o

r assis

tance

to

an

d p

rote

ctio

n o

f vic

tim

s,

or

ha

vin

g d

em

on

str

ate

d p

rofe

ssio

na

l e

xp

erie

nce

in

th

e a

reas

co

ve

red

by th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n;

b.

no

tw

o m

em

be

rs o

f G

RE

VIO

ma

y b

e n

atio

na

ls o

f th

e s

am

e s

tate

;

c.

the

y s

ho

uld

re

pre

se

nt th

e m

ain

le

ga

l syste

ms;

d.

the

y s

ho

uld

re

pre

se

nt re

leva

nt a

cto

rs a

nd

ag

en

cie

s in

th

e fie

ld o

f vio

len

ce

ag

ain

st w

om

en

an

d d

om

estic v

iole

nce

;

e.

the

y s

ha

ll sit in

th

eir

in

div

idu

al cap

acity a

nd

sha

ll b

e ind

ep

en

de

nt and

im

pa

rtia

l in

th

e e

xe

rcis

e o

f th

eir fu

nctio

ns, a

nd

sh

all

be

ava

ilab

le t

o c

arr

y o

ut th

eir d

uties in

an

effe

ctive

ma

nn

er.

5

. T

he

ele

ctio

n p

roce

du

re o

f th

e m

em

bers

of G

RE

VIO

sh

all

be

de

term

ine

d b

y th

e C

om

mitte

e o

f M

inis

ters

of th

e C

ou

ncil

of E

uro

pe

, a

fte

r con

su

ltin

g w

ith

an

d o

bta

inin

g th

e u

nan

imo

us c

on

se

nt o

f th

e P

art

ies, w

ith

in a

pe

riod

of six

mo

nth

s

follo

win

g th

e e

ntr

y in

to fo

rce

of th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

6.

GR

EV

IO s

ha

ll a

do

pt its o

wn

ru

les o

f p

roce

du

re.

7.

Me

mb

ers

of G

RE

VIO

, a

nd o

the

r m

em

be

rs o

f de

leg

atio

ns c

arr

yin

g o

ut th

e c

oun

try v

isits a

s s

et fo

rth

in

Art

icle

68

, p

ara

gra

phs 9

an

d 1

4, sha

ll e

njo

y th

e p

rivile

ge

s a

nd

im

mu

nitie

s e

sta

blis

he

d in

th

e a

ppe

nd

ix to

th

is C

on

ve

ntio

n.

N/A

N

/A

N/A

N

/A

50

Art

icle

S

tatu

s,

En

gla

nd

S

tatu

s,

Wa

les

S

tatu

s,

No

rth

ern

Ir

ela

nd

Sta

tus

,

Sc

otl

an

d

Pro

ce

dura

l:

67

. C

om

mitte

e o

f th

e P

art

ies

68

. P

roce

dure

6

9. G

en

era

l re

com

me

nda

tio

ns

70

. P

arlia

men

tary

in

vo

lve

me

nt in

mo

nito

ring

71

. R

ela

tion

sh

ip w

ith

oth

er

inte

rna

tion

al in

str

um

en

ts

72

. A

me

nd

men

ts

73

. E

ffe

cts

of th

is C

on

ve

ntion

7

4. D

isp

ute

se

ttle

me

nt

75

. S

ign

atu

re a

nd

en

try in

to fo

rce

7

6. A

ccessio

n to

th

e C

on

ven

tio

n

77

. T

err

ito

ria

l app

lica

tion

7

8. R

ese

rva

tion

s

79

. V

alid

ity a

nd

re

vie

w o

f re

se

rva

tio

ns

80

. D

enu

ncia

tio

n

81

. N

otifica

tion

N/A

N

/A

N/A

N

/A