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PU BLICATIONS OF
THE ESSE" BOOK AND PRINT CLU B
No . I
NEW ENGLANDS
PLANTATIONEs’c .
fiem s QBngIanhz
PLANTAT IONW I TH
Tbe S ea j ourna l a ndOtberWrztzhgs
B y REV . FRANC I S H I GG I N SONFirst Minister ti) : Pla nta tion a t SALEMin tbc MASSACHU SETTS B AY Colony
THE ESSE" B oox A ND PR INT CLU BSALEM MASSACHUSETTS
1 9 o 8
ONE HU NDRED AND SEVENTY -FI VE COP I ESPRI NTED AT THE R I VERS I DE PRESS
CAM B RI DGE,MASSACHU SETTS
FOR THE ESSE" B OOK
AND PRI NTCLU B
I ntroduction
EW ENGLAN D SP LANTAT ION ,
a tract publish e d in
London e arly in 1 6 30 ,
con ta in s th e e a rlie stprin te d a ccoun t of th ecolony e stablishe d by
Ende cott in 1 6 2 8 , a tN e ihum -ke k,now
Sa lem . A de scription of th e na tura l conditions surrounding th e n ew se ttlem e n t isa lso pre se rve d
,th e n a rra tive pre se n ting ,
in th e qua in t phra se of th e origin a l , “a
short a nd true de scription of th e com
m oditie s a nd discommoditie s of tha tcoun tre y .
”Th e tract was writte n by th e
Re ve re nd Francis Higgin son ,who came
in th e emigra tion following Ende co tt,a nd who was emin e n tly fi tte d
,both by
e duca tion and profe ss ion , to pre pa re forth e frie nds in England a fa ithful accoun tof th e life in th e n e w coun try , not on ly togra tify a n a tura l curiosity
,but a lso to a t
tract a furthe r emigra tion .
5 Francis
I ntroduction
Fran cis Higg in son probably was bornin C laybrooke Parish
,L e ice ste r
,Eng
land,in I 5 87—8 8 . H e re ce ive d his de gre e
ofM .A . in 1 6 I 3 a t J e sus Colle ge , Cambridge , and two ye ars la te r h e was se t
tle d ove r C laybrooke Parish,whe re h e
pre a che d with distin ction un til a t la st hisnon conformity brought him in to dange rof imprisonm e n t . About tha t time Th e
Gove rn or and Company of th e Ma ssachuse tts-B ay in N ew England obta in e da cha rte r from Charle s I , and Higgin sonwas invite d to join th e party which w a s
be ing organ iz e d to make th e first se ttleme n t in th e n ew coun try . As min iste r h ew a s to have e qua l politica l a uthority withth e membe rs of th e gove rn ing coun cil .H e a cce pte d th e invita tion ,
and with hisfam ily lande d safe ly a tN e ihum -ke k
,n ow
Sa lem,Ma ssachuse tts, on Jun e 3 0 , I 6 29 ,
a nd on th e 6th of August following , w a s
orda in e d te a ch e rofth e church ,with Samue lSke lton a s pa stor. By virtue ofhis officeh e be came n ot on ly a spiritua l guide buta le ade r among his pe ople ,more e specially during th e trying win te r and springfollowing th e arriva l ofth e ships . Th e e xposure and th e priva tion s e ndure d duringtha t time prove d too se ve re , a nd consum ption la id hold upon him . H e die dAugust6 , I 6 30,
“ in th e prime of his life and on
[ 6 ] th e
I ntroduction
th e thre shold of a gre a t ca re e r, le avinga widow and e ight childre n ,
on e ofwhoma lso be cam e a min iste r and se rve d th e Sale m church for n e a rly fifty ye ars .Th e manuscript of “ N ew-Englands
Plan ta tion probably was se n t home to
Eng land upon th e re turn of on e of th e
ve sse ls tha t h ad brought ove r th e plan te rs .I twa s re ce ive d in London be fore Novembe r20 ,
1 6 29 (se e Young’s Chron icle s of
th e Colonyofth eMa ssa chuse tts B ay ,
” pp .
1 07, Higgin son h ad not e xpe cte dtha t it would be prin te d
,a s i t was writte n
for “th e sa tisfa ction of loving frie nds
”
wh o h ad re que ste d a le tte r upon his arriva l
, g iving som e a ccoun t of th e voyagea cross th e Atlan tic and ofth e n ewly se ttle dcoun try . On ly th e la tte rpa rt of this l e tte rwas prin te d
,th e e arlie r portion ,
de scrib
ing th e voyage , not be ing de em e d of sufficie n t importance to be thus pre se rve d .
Thre e e dition s we re publishe d,a llbe aring
da te of 1 6 30 . Th e a uthor’s n am e appe a rson th e title -page s of th e se cond and thirde dition s . I n 1 6 3 4.was publish e d William
gave much de ta ile d informa tion re ga rding th e coun try a nd th e se ttlem e n ts in th eMa ssachuse tts B ay . This supe rse de d th ee arlie r a ccoun t by Higgin son ,
a nd th e
la tte r droppe d out of sight a nd in time
7 be came
I ntroduction
be came ve ry ra re . I n 1 79 2 i t was re
prin te d in th e Ma ssa chuse tts Historica lCol le ction s . I n 1 8 3 6 i t wa s in clude d inForce ’s Tracts,” and in 1 8 4 6 in Young
’sChron icle s of th e Colony of th e Ma ssa
chuse tts B ay .
”
Th e se ve ra l e dition s m ay be de scribe das fol lows :
F I R ST E D IT IONN ew-Engla nds I Plan ta tion . or, A Short
a nd Trve D e scription of th e Com m oditie sand Discom m oditie s loftha tCoun tre y . Writte n by a re ue re ndDiuin e now th e re re side nt.[Prin te r’s orn am e nt] London , Printe d byT .C. andR. C. forMicha e l Spark e , dwe llinga t th e Signe of the B lew B ible in Gre e n e Ar
bor in th e little Old B ailey . I 1 63 0 .
Sm all4 to . 2 1 unnum be re d page s . CollationTitle ( 1 re ve rse bla nk ; To the Re ade r, sign e dM . S . re ve rs e blank ; N ew-Englands Pla ntation e nds “ Finis . Signa ture s, B (Don last page ).
S ECON D E D IT IONN ew-Englands
'IPlan ta Or
, A Short
a nd Trve I D e scn pti Com m oditie sa nd"D iscom m oditie s loftha tCoun tre y . Writ
te n byMr.H ig e son , a re ue re nd Diuin e ] nowthe re re side n t. Whe re un to is add ed a Le tte r, se nt by Mr.Grau e s an E ngin e re , out of
N ew-E ngland, Th e se cond Edition e n larged. I[Printe r’s ornam e nt] I London ,"Printed by
[ 8 ] T.
I ntroduction
T. 8: R . Cote s, forM ichae l Sparke , ] dwe llinga t th e Sign e of the B lew B ible in Gre e ne Ar
bor in th e little Old B aile y . 1 63 0 .
Sm all 4 to . 27unnum be re d page s . CollationTitle re verse blank ;To th e Re ade r, sign e dM . S . re ve rse blank N ew-Engla nds Pla ntajon e nds FJnjs . Signa ture s, B (beginningwith “ New-Englands Plantajon D [4 ]
TH I R D E D I TON
N ew-Englands Plantation . or,A Short
andTrue D e scription of th e Com m oditie sand"Discom m oditie s"ofthatCountre y . Writte n byMr.H igge son , a re ue re ndDiuin e now
the re re side nt. Wh e re unto is adde d a Le t
te r,se nt by Mr. Grau e s an e ngin ere , out of
N ewEngland, Th eThirdEdition , e nlarge d .
[ Printe r’s ornam e nt] London . Prin te d byT. and R. Cote s, for M icha e l Sparke , dwe lling at th e Si ne of the B lue B ible in Gre e neArbor, 1 63 0 ]Sm all 4 to . 23 num be red page s . CollationTitle re ve rse ,To the Re ade r
,sign e dM . S .
N ew-Englands P lantation (3 [Or
nam e nt] A Le tte r se nt from N ew-England,by M aste r Graue s
,e ngyne re now th e re re si
de nt ( 1 8 A Catalogue of such n e e dfullthings as eue ry Pla nte r doth orought to Pron ide to go toN eW-England, e tc. (20—2 Th e
nam e s of th e m ost re m arkable place s in N ew
England (22 e nds Fjnj s .
”Signature s ,
A7 ; 1 le af, B —D in 4 3 .
I ntroduction
Copie s of th e se ve ra l e dition s are prese rve d in th e following libra rie s
First Edition .
H arvard U nive rsity Library .
Esse x I n stitute Library, Sale m ,M ass . (This
copy has title -page a nd last le af in facsim ile .)
John Carte r B rown Library, Provide nce , R . I .
N ew York Public Library (Le nox Library).N ew York State Library, Albanv, N .Y.
Library ofCongre ss .
Library ofE . D . Church , B rooklyn , N . Y .
Library ofa Colle ctor,B rooklyn
,N . Y .
Library of Frede rick R. H a lsey,N ew York
City.
Library of Edward E . Aye r,Chicago, I ll.
Second Edition .
B oston Public Library.
N ew York Public Library (Le nox Library).Library ofE . D . Church , B rooklyn ,N .Y .
Library ofa Colle ctor, B rooklyn ,N .Y.
Library ofH e nry H uth,London , Eng .
B oston Public Library .
M assachuse tts H istorica l Socie ty Library .
John Carte r B rown Library , Provide nce , R . I .
N ew York Public Library (Le nox Library).Philade lphia Library Com pany . (This copyha s title -page of the first edition boundwithte xt of th e third edition .)
B ritish Muse um Library .
Library ofEdward E . Aye r, Chicago, I ll
I ntroduction
I n th e following page s th e first e ditionof “ N ew-Eng lan ds P lan ta tion is re produce d in fac-simile from a copy in th e
John Carte r Brown L ibrary, a t Provide n ce
,R . I . ,
through th e courte sy of th eL ibrarian , Mr. Ge orge Parke rWin ship .
Th e third e dition a lso h as be e n re prin te dfrom a copy in th e libra ry of th e Ma ssachuse tts Historica l Socie ty for purpose sof comparison and to pre se rve th e additional ma tte r tha t it con ta in s . Th e a c
coun t of th e voyage to N e ihum -ke k and
o th e rwritings ofHiggin son are from th e
manuscript forme rly in th e posse ssion of
Gove rn orHutchin son and n ow pre se rve dby th e Ma ssachuse tts Historica l Socie ty .
CONTENTS
NEW-ENGLAND S P LANTAT ION , by
Rev. Fra ncis Higg inson, London ,
1 63 0 . Fac-Sim ile of the first editionGENERA LL CON S I DERACON S for the
planting ofN ew E nglandTHE AGREEMENT B ETWE EN MR . H I G
G I N SON AN D THE NEw ENGLAN DCOM PAN Y
A TRU E RE LATION OF THE LA ST V OY AGETo N Ew ENGLAN D IN 1 629 by Mr.
Higg inson
NEw-ENGLAN D S PLANTATION,Lon
don , 1 63 0 . The third editionA LETTER THAT MR . H I GG IN SON SENT
To H I S FR I END S AT LE ICE STERNOTE SI NDEx
PAG E
ENGLANDS PLANTAT I ON
To the Re ade r.Eader
,doe not difiiaine to7cadthis
Relation 5 and laake not here to
hone a larg e Gate and noha ildingwithin 5 a fitflflnfl edTitle withnom a tter
in the fBOOke {B ut here reade the truth,and
thatth Itfindwithout anyfinthy bum s
halted lor any qua intnewsdruifeda ds
ditionsJonelyan it
“
waswritten (not Intended
fir the Pref/e ») hy a reuerend Diuine now
there liningflbhoonely j ent ittoj am e FriendsherepbhichWere tie/irons hisRelations ;which »? an Epitomy of t irprocee in
theTlantation. findfin‘
thy part hon
m eant/i to he noTianternorVenturer, doehut lendthy cgood
rPray ersforthefurthrance
ofit. Andfi) fre] ? aWell=wij hertoall the
good defignes both ofthemwhich are (gone,andof them that are togar.
N EVV EN G L AN D S‘
P LANTATI ON.
Ettin afi‘
e ourV0 c
by Sgafwe willnowbiggmourdifcourl
’
e on the lhore
of Now-England.And be
caufe th e life andwe I-fitreof te ne rle Cre ature h e rebelow
,and the com m odi
Oufne ife of th e Countreywhe reas {itchCreature s liue
,d0th hy the m olt
e ring ofGods prouidence , de pe ndnext vnto him fe lfe
,vponthe tem perature and
difpofition of the foure Elem ents,Earth
,
Wate r, Aire and Fire ( Foras of theof allthefe
,allfitblunarie things are com po
fed 3‘ fo by the m ore orle II e iniOym entOfthe
wholcfom e tempe r and conuenient vfe ofthefe
,confifie th the one lywe ll-be ing bOth of
Man andEcaftin a m ore orlefl'
e com fortablem eafure in allCountreysvnderthe HcanenS)The refore I will endeauourto ihewyouwhatNew-England is by the confideration of e achof thefe apart
, and truly endeauourby Godshelpe to re rt nothingbut the naked fi nd] ;
and that bor to te llyou of the difcomm odities aswellas of the com m odities,thougha
s
B t e
NM—Erglandt Plantation.
the idle Prouerbe is, Traveller:m ay lye 5} anand fo m ay take too m uch finf’ull li
bertie thatway
. Y et I m ay fay ofm y felfe asonce Nehem ia id in anothe r cafe S hall[ tech
4 ; 1 lye No ve rily I t becom m ethum a Preache r ofTruth to be a Write r ofFallhood in any degre e and the refore l hauebe ene o e arefull to report nothing of
England but what I haue partly fee ne withm ine owne Eyes, and partly he ard and enquired from the Mouthe s of verie honeft andre ligious perfon, who by lining in the Countrey a good fpace of tim e haue had experienceandknowledge of the Rate the reof, 8:whofetefiim onies I doc bele eue as m y fePirfithe refore ofth e EarthofNew-England
andallthe appurtenances there of:It is a Landofdine rs and fundry forts allabout Mafatbu.
lets B ay, anda tCharles Riueris as fat blackeEarth as canbe fe ene anywhere and in Otherplace s youh
'
aue a clay foyle , in Othe r grauell,I nOtherfandy,as itis allabouat S alem
,for fo ourTowne is now nam ed
,
e of the Earth he re inthe fupérfid e s of it is ne ithe r too flatin the plainnefle ,nortoohigh inHils, but partake s Of bOth ina m e diocritie , andfitforPafiure ,orforPloworMeddowground,asMenpleafe tit :though all the Countrey be as it we re athitkeWood for the gene ra ll, yet
S m uch ground cleared by thefpecially about the Plantation:
and
N ew-England ? Plantation.
and I am told that abour thre e m ile s from vs a
Man m ay h and on a little hilly place and Fe e
dine rs thoul'ands of acre s ofground as goodas need tobe ,and nora Tree in the fam e . I t is
thought here is good C lay to make BrickeandTyle s and Earthen-Pom as ne eds to be .At thisWh a twe are fe tting a Bricke -Killonworke to make B rickes and Tyle s for thebuilding of ourHoufe s. ForStone , here isplentie of Slate s at the lle ofSlate inM4 19thnlet: B a and L im e-hone , Fre e -h one , andSm ooth one
,and Iron-(tone
,and Marble
{tone alfo in fuch fiore , that we haue greatRocke s of it
,and aHarbour hard by . Our
Elantation is from thence calledMarble—hamour.
OfMi ne rals the re hath ye t beene butlittletriallm ade ,t we are norwithout great hopeof be in furnilhed in that Soyle .The l
gertilitie of the Soyle 15 to be admired
at,as appeare th in the aboundance ofOralfe
that growe th eue rie whe re bOth ve ric thicke ,ve ric long, and verie hi
‘ h in dine rs place sbut it rowcth ve rywild
gly with a gre atllalke
and aSroad and tankerblade ,be caufe itneuerhadbe en eate nwith Cattle , normowedwitha Sythe , and feldom e tram pled on by foor.It I s lcarce to be bele eued how ourKine andCoats
, B orie s and HO e s doe thriue and
profperhe re and 'like we of this Countrey.
In ourPlantation we haueofMilke fora penny :but thecreafe of Cornc proues this Countrey to be
B 2 a
a wonde rm ent.Thirtiefo xrie are
ordinarie here yea I o/ephris out-firipthe re with vs. OurPlanteto haue more then'
a hundred fould this ye reand allthiswhile I am within com pall
’
e ;whatfay of two hundred fould and VpI t is alm ol’t incredible what great
gaine fom e of ourEnglilh P lanters haue hadb
yourIndian Com e . Credible perfons haue
a fitted m e,andthe partie him felfe auouched
rhe truth of it to m e,that of the fe tting of 1 3
Gallons of Com e he hath had encreafe of it
5 2HQ lheads,euerie Hoglh eadholdingfeuenB ulhe s OfLondon m eafure
,and eue rie B ufh
’
ell
was by him fold andunited to th e I ndian sforfo m uct aueraswasworth 1 8 lhillings,andfo of this 1 3 Gallons of Corne which wasworth 6 i hillings 8 pence , he m ade aboutpounds ofit the y e ere following,as by rec o
ning will appeare whe re youm ay fe e howGod bleffe th husbandry in this Land. The reis notfuch gre at and be autifullcare s ofCorneI fup off: any whe re e lfe to be foundbut inthis ountrey be ing alfO‘
ofvarie tre of co
lours,as red
,blew andyellow,
&c. and ofone
Com e the re fpr‘
inge‘
th foure orHue huI haue {em you m any B are s of diuers coloursthat youm igh tfee the truth of it.Little Children here by ferting of Com e
m ay earne m uch m ore then the ir owh e mainremance .
ed ourEnglg/hCom e at new
on, fo tha t all our feuerallGraine s
New-E@landrPlantation.
a s goodas ourCherries inEnglandnhey growin pleuriche re .
ForWood the re is no be tte r intheWorldI thinke
,he re be ingfoure forts ofOke difi
'
e
ring bOth in the Le afe ,Timbe r, and Colour,all e xce llent good. The re is alfo goodAlh,
C ipre s,C edar,Spruce ,Pine s 8e Firre thatwillye e ld abundance ofTurpentine ,Pitch,Tarre ,Maits and Othe r m ate rials for building bOthof Ships andHoufe s . Alfo he re are {lore ofSum acke Tre e s, they are good fordy ing andtanning of Leather,likcwife fuch Tre e s ye elda pre cious Gum calle d 'White B eniam en
,that
they fay is exce lle nt forpe rfum es . Alfo herebe dine rs Room and Be rrie s whe rewith theI ndian ; dye exce llentholyday colours thatnoraiue norwafliing can alte r. Alfo, we e hauem ate rials to m ake Sope -Afhe s and Salt—Pe te rin aboundance .
ForB e alis the re are fom e Beare s,a ndthey
lay foIne Lyons a lfo 5forthey haue be e n fe enat:Cape Anne . Alli) here are ’
leuerallforts ofDe e re
,fom e whe reof bring thre e or foure
youngone s at once , which is nOt ordinarie’
in
England. AlfoWolue s,Foxes
,B eauers
,Ot
ters,Martins
,gre atwild Cats, a gre at B eaftcalled aMolke as bigge as anOxe .I haue ibenthe Skins of all the le B ealls fince I cam e tothis Plantation excepting Lyons . Alfo he reare gre at {lore of Squerrels,fom e re ater
,and
fom e fm allerand le iler:the re are (som e of theleffet fe rt,they tellm e ,thatby a ce rtaine Skillw
Nev-England:Plantation.
will fly from Tree toTre e though they (landfarre diltant,
oftheWatersqfNew-Englandwitbtbewing:tbefam e .
B ag/4 nd hath Wate r enough bOthand frefh , the greate lt S e a in th e
World,the Atlantic-lee Se a runs all a lon the
Goafi there ofiThere are abundance of I andsalong the Shore ,fom e fullofWood andMallto fe ed Sw ine sand Othe rs cle e re ofWood
,
and fruitfull to beare Com e . Alfowe hauefiore of exce llent harbours for Ships
,as at
Cape Anne, and at Maj atlmlm B ay, and at
S alem , and atmany 0therplace s :and they arethe be tte r becaufe forStrange rs there is a ve ‘
rie difficult and dange rous pailage into them,
but vuto fuch as are we ll acquainted withthem
,they are cahe and fate enough. The
aboundance of S e a-Fill] are alm ofi beyondbele euing,and fure I fhould fcarce haue be le eued it exce t I had fe e ne it with mine owneEye s . I aw gre at {lore of Whale s
,and
Cram pufl'
e,and fuch aboundance ofMake
rils that itwould aflonifh one to behold,likewife Cod-Pill:aboundance on the Coafi,andin the ir feafon are plentifully taken .There is aFifh called a B afle
,amoltfwe e t 8ctvholefom e
Pill) as eue r I did eat,it is a ltoge the r as good
as ourfrefh Samm on,and the fe afon of the ir
com m ingwas begun when we cam e rh'
li to
New-England in lane, and (0 continued atUt
cc
New-England:Plantation.
thre e m onths fpace . Of this Fifh ourFifherstake:m any hundreds toge the r,which I hauefee ne lying on the th e re to m y adm iration ;yea, the ir N e ts ordinarily take m ore thenthey are able to hale to Land,andforB oats andMen they are confirained to let a
m any'
goe afte r they haue taken them ,and ye t
fom etim e s they fill two B oats at a tim e withthem. And befide s B affe we take pleuric of
Scare and Thornbacke , and aboundance of
Lobfiers,that the le afiB oy in the Plantation
m ay borh catch and e atwhat he wilof them .
Form y owh e part I was foone cloyed withthem ,
theywe re fo great,and fat, and luffious .I haue fe ene fom e m y felfe that hauewe ighed1 6 pound, but Othe rs haue haddine rs tim e fogre atLobfiers as haue we ighed 2 5 pound,as
they afl'
uredm e . Alfo he re is aboundance ofHadocks
,
Mulle ts,B e le s, Crabs,Muskles andOyl’te rs .
B efide the re is probabilitie that the Countreyis of an excellent tem pe r for the m aking ofS alt :forfince our com m ing ourFifherm en
haue brought home verie good Salt whichthey found candied by the {landing ofthe S eawaterand the heat of the Sunne
,vpon a Rock
by the Sea lhore and in diuers SaltMarilhe stha t fom e haue gone through,they haue foundfom e Salt in fome place s crufhing yude r the irFe e t andcleauin to the ir Shoe s .And as forftc Wate r the Countrey isfill"
ofdaiutie Springs,and fom e gre atRiuers,andfom e lellerBrooke s sand atMtg/labe l“:g
ayt ey
Now-Englm drPlantation.
We ls and foundWate r at threein m oltplace s :and neere S alem
they bancas fine cleare Wate r as we can defire
, and we m ay diggeWe ls andfindWate rwhe re we lili .Thus we fe e both Land and Sea abound
with [lore of bleffi s forthe comfortablefufienance ofMans e inN ew-England.
Of the d ire ofNew-England witbnotTemperandCreature; in it.
THe Tem pe r of the Aire ofNow-Englandis one fpeciall thing that commends thisExperience dorh m anife flthat the re isam ore healthfull place to be found in
theWorld that agre e th bette r with ourEn~gliih B odyes . Many that haue beene weakeandfickly inoldEngland,by com m ing hitherbane beene thoroughly healed and grownehealthfullandfirong. Forhe re is an exrraordinariccle e re and dry Aire that is of a m olthealing nature to all fuch as are of a Cold
,
Melancholy,Flegm atick,Reumatiche tem perof Body.None can m ore truly fpeake hereofby the ir owh e expe rience then m felfe . MyFriends that knewm e canwe llte howveriefiekly I haue been andcontinually inPhyfick,be ingm uch troubledwith a torm entingpainethrough an exrraordinarie weaknefl
'
e of m yS tom acke
,and aboundance ofMelancholicke
hum orssbutfince I cam e hithe r on thisVoy‘:age , I thankc God I haue had perfecthealtC and
NewEngland:Plantation.
andfreedfrom paine andvomitings, hauing aStom acke to digeft the hardefi and courfe lt
fare who before could nore atfineltm eat3and
whe reas m y Stom acke couldone ly digefianddid re quire fuch drinke as was borh firongandHa lo
,now I can anddoe oftentime s drink
N am i ng/andwate rve rie we llsand I thathauenorgone without a Cap form any yerre s toge the r, ne ithe r durllle aue off the fame , hauenowcall away my Cap, and doe we are nonea t all in the day tim e :andwhe re as before :
time I cloathedm y fe lfe with double cloathe sand thicke Waf’rcoats to ke epe m e warm e
,
e uen in the Summe r time,I doe now goe as
thin clad as any, one ly wearing a light StuffeC alfocke vpon m y Shirt and Stulle B reeche sof one thicknefle without Lin ings . B efide s
,
I haue one ofmy Childre n thatwas forme rlym oltlamentably handledwith fore bre akingout of borh his hands and fe e t of the KingsEuill
,but lince he came -hithe r he is verie we ll
oue r hce was,and the re is hope ofperfe é t te
concrie lhOttIy, cuen by the verie wholefom J
neffe of the Aire,a lte ring, digefiing anddry
vp the cold and crude humors of the B 0“
and the refore I thinke iris a wife courfe‘all cold com ple éiions to com e take
Phyficke inN ewEngland a fora fap of Now
Eooglond:Aire is bette r then a whole draft ofOld Eng land:Ale .
I n th e Sum m e r tim e i n the m idi}ofandAflgafl it is a gooddeale horte r then inEng lattd and inWinte r, [ ant/or] andFeb ruary
are
Now-Erg loxdt Plantation.
are m uch colde r as they fa :butthe Springand Autum ne are of a middle tem pe r.Fowle s of the Aire are plentifullhere , and
of all forts as we haue in Englandas farre asI ca n learnt, and a gre at m any of flrangeFowle s which we know not. WhilltI waswriting thefe things,one of ourMen broughthom e an Eagle which he had killed in the
Wood :they fay they are good m e at. Alfohere are many kinds of excellent Hawke s ,borh S ea Hawke s and LandHawke s andmylelfe walking in the Woods with anothe r incompany, lprung a Partridge fo bigge thatthrough the he auinelli: of his B od could flybut a little way they that haue killed them,
lay the are as bigge as ourHe ns . He re arelikewi e aboundance ofTurkie s often killedin the Woods
,farre gre ate r the n ourEnglilh
Turkies, and exce eding fat, fwe e t andfie lhy,
forhe re the y haue aboundanceof fe eding allthe ye erc long,as Strawberrie s,in Stunm erall
place sare full ofthem ,and allmanne r of B er
ries and Fruits. In '
the Winte r time I hauefe ene Flocke s of Pidge ons, and haue e aten ofthem : th
?’doc H c from Tre e to Tre e as
Othe r B it 5 doe,w ich ourPidgeons will not
doe in England they are ofallcolours as oursare
,but the irwings andrayle s are farr longe r,
and the refore it is like ly they fly fwiftertoefca e the te rribleHawke s in this Countrey .
I n inte r tim e this Countrey doth aboundwithwildGee l'e ,wildDucke s, and othe r 5 63.Fowle
,thatagreat part ofwinterthe Plante rs
C a ha ue
New-England:Plantation.
haue eaten nothing but roafim e at ofdine rsFowle s which they haue killed.
Thus youhaue he ard of the Earth,Wate randAire ofNew-England, now itm ay be youe xpectfom ething to be faid of the Fire proportionable to the tell:ofthe Elem ents.I nde ed I thinke N ewEngland m ay boallof
thisElement m ore then of all the relt for
though itbe he re fom thing cold in the wi nter,y et he re we haue pleuricofFire towarme vs,and that a great de ale cheape r then they fe llB ille ts andFaggots in London :nay, allEuropeis norable to aflb rd tom ake fo gre at Fire s asN ew.England. A poore Seruanthe re that is topolfelfc but so Acre s of Land,m ay afford togiue more wood forTim be r andFire asgoodas the world ye elds,thenm anyNobleMen in
Englandcanafford to doe .Here is goodliuingforthofe that loue good Fire s;And althoughN ew-England haue no Tallow tomake Candle s of
, yet by the aboundance of the Fifh
the re of,it can afford0e forLam pe s . Y e a
ourPine-Tre e s that are the m oltplentifullofallwood, doth allowvs pleuric of Candle s
,
which are ve ric vfefull in aHoufe :and theyare fuch Candle s as the Indians com m onlyvfe
,hauing no orher,and they are nothing e ll
'
e
but the wood of the Pine Tre e clouen in twolittle flices fom e thi thin
,which are
of the m oylture o Turpentine and Pitch,that they burne as cle ere as a Torch. I hauefent youfom e of them thatyoum ay fe e theexpe rience of them .
N am i ng[awaitHawaiian.
Fourthly and laftly,He re wants as yet thegood com pany
'
of honeilChrifiians tobringwith themHorléS, Kine and She epe to m akevlc of this fruitfullLand :gre at pittie it is to(acTo much good round forCom e andforGrall’e as any isvn e rthe He a uehs, to lye 3 1.
toge the r vnoccupied,wh en To m any honefiMen Scthe ir Familie s in old throughthe populouinelfe thereofido ery hardlbift to line one by the Othe r.N ow, thus you know what N ew-England
is,as alfowith the commoditie s and difcom
m oditie s thereof:now I will fhewyoua littleof the Inhabitants the reof
,and the ir gouern
m ent.
For the ir Gouernours they haue Kings,which they call lom e greater,andfom e lelfe r, ace numbe r of the irSubie é
’ts
The greatel’t S aggzzmores about vs can nor
m ake aboue thre e hundred Men, and OtherlelTe S aggam orc:haue nor.
aboue fifte ene Subiects
,andOthe rs h e e re about vs burtwo.
The ir Subiec‘ts about t welue ye e re s {incewe re fwept away by a great and grieuousPlague thatwas am on ft them
,l‘
o that the reare ve ric few left toi abite the Countrey.
The I ndian: are norable tom ake vfe of the
one fourth part ofthe Land,ne 1therhaue theyany {ctled place s, as Towne s to dwe ll in, norany ground as they challenge for their owh epoffe llion, but change their habitation fromplace toplace .
N ew-England:Plantation.
FortheirStature s,rhe are a tallandfironglim m ed People ,the irco ours are tawny,theygoe naked, faue one ly they are in part coueredwith Be alls Skins on one of the ir Shoulders
,and we are fom ething before the ir Pri
uitles :the irHaire is ge ne rally blacke ,and cutbefore like ourGentlewom en, ‘
and o ne lockelonge r then the te ll,much like toourGentlem en
,which fafhion I thinke cam e from he nce
into England.
For the ir weapons , they haue Bowe s andArrowe s
,l'ome of them beaded B one
,
andfom e with B ralfe zl haue fent you fom eofthem foran exa mple .
The Men forthe m oltpartliue idlely ,theydoe nothing but hunt andfilh :the ir wine s fertheir Com e and doe all the ir Othe rworke .
haue little Houlhold fluffe , as a Ke ttle,m e Othe r Ve ffels like Trayes , Spooncls,
Dilhe s andBasketsThe irHoule s are veric little and hom e ly,
being m ade with fm all Pole s pricked intothe ground, and fo bended and faltncd at thetops, and on the lide s they are
B oughe s,& couered on the Roofe with S edge
andoldMatsgmd forthe ir beds that they taketheir te llon
,they haue aMat.
Th ey doe ge ne rally ptofe lfe to like we ll ofourcom m ing and planting he artly becaure th e re is abundance ofgro that theycannot pofl
'
effe normake vfc of,and partly
becanfe ourbe ing he re willbe ameane s borhofreliefe to themwhen theywant, andalfo a
de fence
defence from the irEnem ie s, whe rewith ( I
fay before this Plantation begun, they we reofien indangered.
Forthe irReligion, they doe worlhip twoGods
,a good God and an cuill God : the
good GOd they call Tm mm , and their willGod whom they feare willdoe them hurt,they callSquantam .
Forthe ir dealingwith vs, we ne ither fearethem nortruitthem,
fbrfourtie of ourMufketeere s will driue fiue hundred of them our
of the Fie ld. We vfe them kindly,they will
,
com e into ourHoufe s fom etim e s by halfe adouze n orhalfe a feote at a tim e whenwe areat viétuals
,butwill aske or take non bur
whatwe giue them .
We purpofe to learne their Language as
foone aswe can,whichwillbe am eanes to dothem good.
Of tbe prefint conditim of tbe Plantation,
Henwe cam e firf‘t toN eibm felt,wefound about halfe a fcore Houfes
,and
a faire Houl‘e newly built forthe Gouernour,we found alfo aboundance of Comic plantedby them ,ve ricgood andwe ll like ing.Andwebroughtwithvs about two hundred PalTCn~ge ts andPlanters m ore,which by com m onconfent of the oldPlante rswe re all com bined togethe r into one Body Politicke,vnderthe fam e Couem our.
There are in all ofvs bOth old and newPlante rs about three hundred, whereof twohundredofthem are fetledatNM kfimow
.called S alem :and the refthaue Planted themfelues atMaj a bnle t: B ay,aTowne the re whichwecan"”Towne .We that are fetled atS alem m ake what hall:
we can to buildHoufe s,(0 thatwithin a [bore
tim e we {hallhaue a faire Towne .We haue gre at Ordnance , whe rewith we
doubt not but we {hall fortifie ourfelues ina ibort tim e to ke epe out a potentAduerfarie .B ut that which is ourgreate l
'
tcom fort,and
m eanes of defence aboue allOther,is,thatwehaue he re the true Religion and holy Ordinances ofAlm ightie God ta htam ongftvsThankes be toGod,we haue ere pleuric ofPre aching, and diligent Catechizing, with{trickt and carefull exercife , and good andcom m endable orde rs to bringourPeople into a Chrifiian conuerfation with whom wehaue to doe withall. And thus we doubt
am but Godwill be with vs, andsf God5:withw ,
whocan
be again] ?m
F I N I S .
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONSfife .
Genera l Considera tions, 69
°C.
8: ba se the n y e e arth the y tre ad upon ; soas childre n n e ighbours 85 frie n ds e spe cia l lyof y
e poore , are coun te d y e gre a te st burde n s
,w ch ifthings we re right would be y e
highe st e a rthly ble ssings .We e are grow e n to y
t e xce sse & in te m
pe raunce in allexce sse of riot as n o me an ee sta te a lmost will suffice to ke e pe sa ile w th
his equalls 86 h e e yt fayle s in it must [live ]in scorn e Oz: con tempt . H e n ce i t come sto pa sse yt a ll a rts $5 trade s are carrie d inyt de ce itfullmane r 8c.vnrigh te ous course ,
a s it is a lmost impossible for a good upright m an to m a in tayn e his ch ardge Scliue cOfortably in any ofy
m.
Fiftly ye Schoole s of le a rn ing 85 re lig
ion are so corrupte d, as (be side s y e unsupportable ch ardge of this e duca é ‘
c‘
m)mostchildre n , (e ue n y e be st wittie st 85 offayre st hope s) are pe rve rte d, corrupte d 85 utte rly oue rpowe re d by y e multitude of
e vil] e xample s 85 lice n tious gove rnors ofthose semina rie s .Sixtly y
e whole e a rth is y e Lords garde n OC h e e ha th giue n it to y e son s ofAdam to be e tille d 85 im prooue d by ymwhy the n should w e stand sta rving h e reforpla ce s ofh abitacon (many m e n spe nding a s much labour 8: cost to rocoue r or
ke e pe sO‘
e tym e s an a cre or two of lands,as would procure him many hundre th s of
4 2 acre s,
Genera l Considera tion: 69°C.
acre s, a s good or be tte r in anothe r place )dc in y
e me a n e ryme suffe r whole countroye s a s profitable for y e use of m an
,to
lye wa st w thout any im prooue m e n t.
Se ave n th ly , wha t can be e a be tte rworke andmore n oble 85 worthy a Christia n , the n to he lpe to ra ise dc support apa rticula r church while it is in it infa n cy,85 to join ] orforce s w th such a cOpany offa ith ull pe ople , a s by a tym e ly a ssistaunce
m ay grow stronge r 85 prospe r, Scforwan tof i t m ay be put to gre a t haz z a rd if notwholly ruina te d ?Eigh tly if a ny such a s are known e to
be e godly dc lin e in we a lth Sc prospe rityhe re , sha ll forsake all this to joyn eym se lve s wth this church
, 85 runn e inhaz a rd w th
ym of ha rd Or. me an e condi
con, it will be an e xample of gre a t vse
both for y e re m ooving of Scandall Se sin
iste rc orldly re spe cts, to giuc more lyfeto y
e fa ith ofGods pe ople in the irpray e rsfor y
eplantac
‘
On, 85 a lso to e n courage
othe rs to joyn e y e more willing ly in it .
06j ectz'
om
Bj . I . I t will be e a gre a t wrong toorown e church 85 coun trey to take
away th e be st pe ople ; dc we still lay itmore ope n to y e judgm ts fe a re d .
4 3 Aunsw . I .
Genera l Considera tions 69°C.
Aunsw . I Th e numbe r will be no
thing in re spe ct of those yt are le ft . z lymany yt lin e to no vse he re
,more the n
for the ir own e priuate fam ilye s m ay be e
employe d to amore como good in anothe rpla ce . fuch as are of good vse he rem ay ye tt be so employe d a s y
e churchsha l l re ce iue no lofi
'
e . and sin ce Christscoming y e church is to be con ce iue d as
un ive rsallwthout distin ctic'
) of coun try e s,so as h e e y
t doth good in any on e placese rve s y e church in allpla ce s
,in re gard of
ye vn itye . 4
1Wit is y e re ve a le dwill ofGodytyegospe ll should be pre ache d to all
n a tion s, and thoughw e knownotwhe the rye Indian s will re ce iue it or not, y e t it is agood worke to obse rve Gods will in offe ring it to ym ,
forGod sha ll haue g lory byit though y)’ re fuse it .Obj e ct . 2 . w e e haue fe are d a j udge mt
a long tym e, but y e tw e are safe ; the re fore
it we re be tte r to stay till i t come, 86 e ithe r
w e m ay flie the n , or if w e be oue rtake n
in i t w e e m ay we l l be e con te n t to suffe rwth such a church as ours is .Aun sw . I t is like ly yt this confide rac
‘
on
made y e churche s be yon d y e se a s as y e Pala tinate 85 Roche ] Sec to sit still at home
,
85 not looke out forshe lte rwhile yYmighthaue found it . but y e wofull spe cta cle of
the ir ruin e m ay te ach us more wisdom e
[ 4 4 ] to
Genera l Considera tions 69°
C.
to avoid y e plague while it is fore sce n e , 85not to ta rry as yy did till it oue rtooke ym .
I f the y we re n ow at the ir forme r libe rty,w e e m ay be sure yY would take o the rcourse s for the ir safe ty . And though mostofy
m h ad misca rrie d in the ir e scape , ye tit h ad not be n e ha lfe so mise rable to
thm se lve s, or scanda lous to re ligion ,a s this
de spe ra te backsliding and abjuring ye
truth , wch many of y e aun tie nt profossours among ym , 85 y
e whole poste rity tha tre m ayn e are plunge d in to .
Obj e ct . 3 . we e haue he re a fruitfull
La nd wth pe ace Sc ple n ty of all things .Aunsw : w e e are like to haue a s good
condic‘
Ons th e re in tym e ; but ye t w e
must le aue all this abundan ce , if it be e nottake n frc’) vs . Whe n w e are in or graue s,it will be e all on e Whe the r w e haue lin e din ple n ty or in pe nury, whe the rw e hauedye d in a be d ofdown e or locke s ofstraw .
On e ly this is y e advan tage of ye me an e
condic’
On, y
t it is a more fre e dO‘
é to dye .
And ye le sse cOfort any haue in y e things
of this world, y e more libe rty yY haue tolay vp tre asure in h e aue n .
Obj . 4 . w e e m ay pe rish by y e way or
whe n w e coe the re,having hunge r or y e
sword Se e and h ow vn cOfortable will itbe e to se e orwive s Or. childre n Sc frie ndscome to such mise rie by or occa sion
l 4 5 Aunsw .
Genera l Considera tions 69°C.
Aunsw . Such obj e ction s savour toomuch of y
e fle sh . Wh o can se cure himse lfe or his fi‘
O ye like ca lamitie s he re ? I f
this course be e warran table,We m ay trust
Gods provide nce for the se things . E ithe rh e e will ke e pe those e vills fro vs
, or willdispose ym for or good Oz: e n able vs tobe are ym .
Obj . 5 . But wha t wa rran t haue we totake yt la nd, wch is 65 ha th be n e of longtym e posse sse d ‘
ofothe rs y e son s ofAdamAun sw. Tha twch is con—1 6 to allis prope r
to n on e . This Savage pe ople rule th oue rmany la nds wthout title orprope rty : foryYinclofe n o groun d, n e ithe r haue yY ca tte llto m a in tayn e i t, but re m ooue the ir dwe l lings a s yy haue occafion ,
or a s y)’can pre
va i le agt the irn e ighbours . Andwhy m ayn ot Chriftian s haue libe rty to go 85 dwe l lamongst ym in the ir wa st lands 6:woodds
(le aving ym such place s a s Whaue m an
ure d for th e ir com e ) a s lawfully, as Abrah am did amongst y e Sodomite s ? ForGod ha th giue n to y
e son s of m e n a 2
fould right to y e e a rth : the re is a n aturallright Sc a civill right. Th e first rightw as
n aturallwh e n m e n he ld y e e a rth in como,
e ve ry m an sowing Or. se e ding whe re h e eple a se d : the n ,
a s m e n and ca tte ll incre a se d
, yY appropria te d some parce lls ofground by e n closing '& pe culia r manur
4 6 an ce ,
Genera l Com z
’
dem tz'
om 69°
C.
ance , 6: this in ryme got ym a civill
right . Such was y e right wch Ephron y eHittite h ad in y e fie ld of Ma chpe lah,whe re in Abraham could n ot bury a de adcorpswthout le aue , thoughfor y e outpa rtsof y
e coun tre y. wch lay comon ,h e e dwe lt
vpc‘
) ym Sc tooke y e fruit ofym a t his ple a s
ure . This appe are s a lso in Ja cob 81:hisson s who fe dd the ir flocks a s bouldly in y eCan aan ite s Land forh e e is said to be e Lordofy
e coun trey ; 85 a tDotham and allothe rplace sm e n a ccoun te d nothing the ir own e ,but yt wch
yY h ad appropria te d by the irowh e industry
,a s appe are s pla in ly by
Abime le chs se rvaun ts, who in the ir own ecoun tre y did ofte n con te nd wtb Isaa cksse rvaun ts about we lls wch
yy h ad digge dbut n e ue r about y e landswch
yY occupie d .
So likewife be twe e n e Ja cob ScLaban : h e ewould not take a kidd of Laban s wthout
spe ciall con tract ; b ut h e e make s no barga in e wth him for y e land wh e re y? fe dd .
An d it is probable yt if y e coun trey h adn otbe n e a sfre e forJa e ob a s forLaban , y
1 cov
e touswre tchwould haue made his advantag e of him , Or. haue vpbra ide d Ja cob wthit a s h e e didwth y e re s t . the re is moreth e n e nough forym St vs . 3 d1y God ha thconfum e d y
e n a tive s wth a miraculousplague , whe re by y e gre a te r part of y ecountre y is le ft void of inhabitan ts . 4 1V,we
4 7 sha l l
Genera l Considera tion: 69°C.
sha l l coe in wth good le aue of ye ma tin e s .
Obj . 6 . we sha ll se n d or young on e s 85such as m ay be st be e spa re d, 8c not ofy ebe st oformin iste rs Or. magistra te s .Aunsw. I t is a gre a t worke Sc re quire smore skilfullArtisan s to lay y e foundaconof a n ew building , the n to uphoald Sc
re payre on e yt is a lre ady built . I f gre a t
things be e a ttempte d by we ake instrum tS,ye e ffe cts will be e aunswe rable .
Obj . 7 . We e se e yt those plantacons yt
haue be n e forme rly made,succe e de d ill .
Aunsw. I Th e fruit of a ny publiquede sign e is not to be e disce rn e d by y e u ne
dia t succe sse : it m ay appe are in tym e, y
t
yY we re all to good vse . z dly, the re we regre a t fundam e n tall e rrours in othe rs wch
are like to be e avoide d in this : for I the irmayn e e nd Sc purpose was ca rn a l l 85 n otre ligious . 2 yy aym e d ch ie fe ly a t profitt
be n ot a t yepropagacon of re ligion . 3 y)’
vse d too vnfitt instrum tS,a multitude of
rude vngove rn e d pe rson s, y e ve ry scumsof y
e Land . 4 y)’ did not stablish a right
fourme of goue rnm t.
THE AGREE
MR. H I GGINSON
A true note of ye a llowa nCe y
’3” n ew
England Copnny ba ne Cy Com o Consent
69°order of looz
'
r Court 69°Counsel"
gra nnied'vnz
‘
o M'. Fran cis Higgin son
m znzster for [ us m a zntena un e e zn n e w
EnglandAprzl
MPR IM I S yt 3 0m inmon e y sha l l be forthwth pa id him by y eCOpa ny e s tre a sure r towards y e ch ardge s of
fitting h im se lfe wth
Appare ll 85 oth e r n e ce ssary e s for his voyage .
2 Item yt 1 0“ more sha l l be paye d
oue r by y e sa id tre a sure r towa rds y e provyding of booke s for pre se n t vse .
3 Item yt h e e sha ll haue 301i ye a rly
pa id him for 3 y e are s to be ginn e frO y etym e of his first arrivall in n ew England
[ 5 1 ]
Tbe Agreem ent witbMr. H zgginson
85 so to be a ccoun te d 65 pa id pa id him at ye
End of e uty ye are .
4. Item yt during y
e sa id tym e ye
Company sha l l provide for him Se hisfamily n e ce ssary e s of di e tr housing 85firewood; a nd sha ll be atch ardge s of tran sporting him in to n ew England : and a t
ye e nd ofy
e sa id 3 ye a t e s, if h e e sha l l notlike to con tinue the re any longe r, to be a tye ch ardge of tran sporting him backe forEngland .
5 . I tem yt in conv e n i e n t tym e a n
house sha ll be built, 65 ce rtayn e landsa llotte d the re un to ; w ch during his stay inye coun tre y 85 con tin uan ce in y e min istre y sha ll be e forhis vse ; 85 afte rhis de a thorre m oovally
e same to be forSucce e dingmin iste rs .6 . I tem a t y
e e xpiracon of ye sa id 3
ye a t e s an 1 00 a cre s of lan d sha ll be a ssigne d to him 85 his h e ire s for e ue r.
7 . I tem yt in ca se h e e sha l l de part
this lyfe in yt coun tre y , y e sa id Companysha ll take ca re forhis w iddow during h e rw iddowhood 85 aboade in yt coun try an dplan tac
'
é'
n : 85 ye like for his childre n
whilst yy re m ayn e vpon ye sa id plan
tacon .
8 . Item ytye milke of 2 kyn e sha ll
b e e appoin te d towards y e ch ardg e s of
die trforhim 65 his fam ilye as afore sa id,&5 2 ha lfe
Toe Agreem ent wit") Mr. H zggz'
nson
ha lfe ye incre ase of ca lve s during y e sa id 3ye a t e s : but y e sa id 2 kyn e , and y e othe rha lfe ofy
e incre a se to re turn e to ye Com
pany at y e e nd of y e sa id 3 y e are s .
9 . Item yt h e sha ll haue libe rty of cartying oue r be dding , linn e n , brasse , iron ,
pewte r, of his own e for his n e ce ssa ry vseduring y e sa id tym e .
1 0 I tem yt ifh e con tinue 7 ye a t e s uponye sa id plantacon , y
t the n 1 00 acre s oflan d more sha ll be a l lotte d him for himand his for e ve r .
Messrs .Higgz'
nson’s a nd See/son
’s Contra ct.
"
ofAprill,1 6 29 . MrFran cis
on and Mr Samue l Ske ltonin te nde dmin iste rs of this plan tacOn ,
and itbe ing thought m e e te to con side r of the irinte rtayn e m e nt
, who e xpre ssing the irwillingn e sse , toge the r, a lso withM 1rFran
cis Bright, be ing now pre se n t to doe the ire nde vourin the ir place s of th e m in iste ryas we l l in pre aching , ca te chiz ing, a s a lsoin te a ching , or causing to be taught, th eCom panye s se rvan ts 81; the ir childre n ,
a s
a lso th e sa lvage s and the ir childre n ,wh e reby to the ir utte rmost to furthe rth e ma in ee nd of this plan ta tion
,be ing , by th e a s
sistance ofAllm igh tyGod,th e conve rsion
Records of tbe Governor a nd Compa ny of the
Ma ssachusetts B ay in N ew Engla nd.— B oston , I 8 5 3 .
of
Toe Agreem ent with Mr. H z
'
ggz'
ns’
on
of th e sa lvage s, th e propos 1con s conclude don wth Mr Fran cis Bright, th e 2 ofFe b
ruary la st, we re re cipro ca lly a cce pte d ofby MrFrancis H iggison and Mr Samue lSke lton , who are in e ve ry re spe ct to haveth e like condié‘On s a sMrBright ha th , on ely whe re asMrH igge son
-ha th 8 childre nit is inte nde d tha t 1 0Hmore y e are ly sha l lbe a llowe d him towards the ir ch ardge .
And it is agre e d tha t th e ‘
incre ase of th e
improveme n t of all the irgroun ds duringth e first 3 y e are s sha l l be a t th e Compan ie sdisposing , who are to fynde them dye ttduring tha t time , and te nn e pounds moreto MrH igge son towards his pre se n t fitting him and his for th e voyage .
FRA NC I S H I GG I SON .
SAM U EL SK ELTON .
TRU E RELATION OF THE
LAST VOYAGE TO
NEW ENGLAND
A TRV E RELACON
of ye la st voyage to new
Engla nd m ade ye la st
Su i—ti e r
,be gun y
62 s
thof
April be ing S aturday,Anno dOi 1 62 9 .
HE cOpany of New
England consisting of
many worthy ge n tlem e n in y
e citty ofLondon ,
Dorce ste r85 othe rplace s
,aym ing at y
e
glory of God, ye
pro
paga con of yegospe ll of Christ, ye con
ve rsiOof ye Indian s, 85 ye e nlarge lm t of y e
Kings ma th“:s domin ion s in Ame rica , 85 being authorise d by his roya ll le tte rs pa te n tsfor y
t e nd, a t the ir ve ry gre a t costs 85ch ardgs furn ishe d 5’
Ships to go to n ew
England, fory e furthe r se tling ofye Eng
lish plantaCOn yt y)’ h ad a lre ady be gunthe re .
A True Rela tion of tbe
Th e name s of y e 5 Shipps we re as followe th . Th e first is ca lle d y e Ta lbot
,
a good 85 strong shipp of 300 tunn e s, 851 9 pie ce s of ordin an ce 85 se rve d wth 30ma rin e rs . This ship ca rrie d about an 1 00
plan te rs,6 goa te s, 5 gre a t pie ce s of ordi
maume e,wth m e a lo, oa te m e ale pe ase , 85 all
man e r ofm un itiO’
andprovisiOforyeplan
tab—on for a twe lve mon th . Th e se cond y e
Ge orge , anothe r strong ship a lso,about
300 tunn e s, 20 pie ce s of 0rdin an ce , se rve dwth about 3 0marin e rs ; h e rch ie fe carriagewe re ca tte ll, 1 2 mare s
, 3 0 kyn e , " 85 somegoa te s : a lso the r gad in h e r5 2 plan te rs 85othe r provision . Th e 3
d is ca lle d y e Lyon swh e lpe , a n e a te 85 n imble ship of 1 20
runn e s, 8 pie ce s of0rdinaunce , carrying in
h e r many marin e rs 85 about 4 0 plan te rs,spe cia l ly fro dorce ste r 85 othe r place sthe re abouts, wth provision ,
and 4 goa te s .Th e 4 th 18 ca lle d y e 4 siste rs, a s I he a re
of about 300 tun s, wch fayre ship ca rrie dmany ca tte l l wth pa sse nge rs 85 pr0v1s1on .
Th e 5th 13 ca lle d y e Mayflowe r, ca rry
ing pa sse nge rs 85 provision .
Now amongst the se 5 ships, y e Ge orgeh auing th e spe ciall 85 urge n t cause ofh aste n ing h e r pa ssage se tt sayle before y e re stabout y e midst ofApril . And y
e4 Siste rs
85 ye Mayflowe r be ing not throughly fur
n ish e d, in te nde d as we he ard to se tt forth60 about
La st Voy age to New Engla nd
about 3 we e ks afte r vs : B utwe yt we re inye Ta lbot 85 y e L ion s wh e lpe be ing re a dyforor voyag e by y e good hand of Godsprovide nce hoyse d or sayle froGraue s e nd
on Saturda e 2 th of A ril
[Apn l 2 5 ] about 7 a clibbke
sin y
e m o
ii'n
ing . Having but a fayn t wyn d we couldnotgo fa rre ytday , but a t n ightwe e an crodaga inst Lie wch is 1 2 mile s frt') graue s e nd,685 the re we re ste d yt n ight 85 ke pt
[ 2 Sabba th ye n e xt day .
On mondaywe sa t forward 85 came[ 2 7] to ye fla ts, a pa ssage sOewh a t difli
cult by re a son of ye n arrown e s ofy
e chann e l] 85 sh allown e s of y
e wa te r : 85 goingoue r this we e we re in s6 e daunge r: for o
r
ship be ing he avy lade n 85 drawing de cpcwa te rwas se nsibly fe lt ofvs all-to strike 3or 4 tym e s on y
eground : but y e wynd
blowing sOewh at strong we we re ca rrie dSwiftly on
,85 at la st byGods ble ssing came
safe to an cre a tGorin roade .
8T ewsday we we n t a little furthe r ,
[ 2 :l85 ancre d oue r agtMargre tTown e ,staying for a wind for y e down e s .
[2 9]We dn e sday w e came safe ly thoughwth much turn ing 85 ta cking thor
ow yegullie s in to y e down e s, 85 staye d
yt n ight .
Thursday,Fryday 85[ 3 0 ' May I '
Saturday yewind blew
6 1 hard
A True Rela tion qf‘
{be
ha rd fro south we st 85 cause d or ship todaunce
, 85 diue rs of or pa sse nge rs 85 myw ilfe spe cia lly we re se a sicke . He re y eKings ship ca lle d y e Assurance pre sse d2 of 0r marin e rs . He re w e saw manyPorpuse s playing in y e se a wch
yY say is aSign e of fowle we a the r .
Sabba th da a wind e da 85
[May 3 ] could : w e ke pt Sabba th sir
aying still at y e down e s .
l:Monday God se n t vs a fayre ga le of
4 " win d n orth : 11 : Ea st, whe re by w e
came m e rily fro ye down e s : 85 pa ssing
Dove r we saw 6 or7 sa ile of dunkirke s,
wafting afte r vs : but it se eme d yY saw 0rcOpany w as too strong for ym , for the nw e e h ad
'
wth vs 3 or4 ships yt we n t fory eS tra its : so yY re turn e d backe frO pursuing vs any longe r . But sayling wth a goodwind w e e we n t spe e dily, 85 at n ight camen e e re y
e I le of Wight but be ing darkew e e durst not put in to y e chann e ll , butput backe for se a roome 4 boute s, 85 the nothe r 4 honre s sayle d backe agayn e y
e
same w ay .
l:Tewsday e a rly in y e morn ing we e n
5 trod y e chann e l] y e wind be ing we ake85 ca lme
,85 pa sse d by Portsmouth ve ry
slowly ; but in ye afte rnoon e y
e windquicke n e d
, 85 we e we re force d to an cre alittle on this side Cowcastle but y e wind
6 2 growing
La st Voy age to N ew Engla nd
growing more favourable we e we ighe d85 came to ancre aga in right aga in stCowca stle thinking to stay yt n ight, y e windbe ing ve ry ca lme . H e re I 85 my wiffe 85
[M aY]my daughte rMa ry 85 2 m a lds 85
soe othe rs wth vs obta 1n e d of ye
m r of ye shipp to go a shoare to re fre sh
vs 85 to wa sh or linn e n s, 85 so w e lay a t
Cowe s yt n ight . But y e win d turn ingwhe n w e e we re abse n t, yY h oyse d sayle 85le ft vs th e re , 85 ancre d 8 mile s furthe roue r agt Ya rmouth about 8 of y e clockea t n ight .
[6]We dn e sday be tym e in y
e morn ingye sha10pe was se n t frt‘) y e shipp to
fe tch vs to Yarmouth ; but y e wa te rprooue d rough 85 or we om e n de sire d tobe e se tt on shoat e 3 mile s short of Y armouth
, 85 so we n t ou foote by lan d 85lodge d in Yarmouth yt n ight .
[7 8On Thursday 85 fi'
yday the re Mr
Be e che r a llowe d by y e c6pany
gaue m e e 4 os to make 0rprovisioofwha t
things w e would for th e voyage .
[9]Sa turday we we n t to board agayn e
85 this day we e h ad 2 othe r m e n
pre sse d to se rve y e Kings Sh ippe ; but w e
got on e agayne by in tre a ty .
Th e Sabba th n e xt day we ke pt y eshipp whe re I pre a che d in y emorn
ing ; 85 in ye afte rnoon was in tre a te d to
6 3 pre ach
A True Rela tion of tbe
pre a ch atYa rmouth, wh e re MrM e a re 85captayn e Borle y e n te rta in e d vs ve ry kyndly , 85 e arn e stly de syre d to be e ce rtifie d ofor safe arrivall in n ew Eng land, 85 of y esta te of y
e coun tre yMonday morn ing blew a fayrewin d fro East S . E : And y
e lion swh e lpe having take n in all h e r provisio
for pa sse nge rs, about 3 of ye clocke 1n y
e
afte rnoon e w e e h oyse d sayle fory e N e e
dle s, 85 by Gods guidan ce safe ly pa sse d ytn a rrow pa ssage a little afte r 4 a clocke 1n
ye afte rnoon e . And be ing cutte d in to y e
se a , fro ye top of y
e ma st w e disce rn e d 4sayle of shipps lying southwa rd fro vs .But n ight coming on w e e tooke in or long
boa te 85 sha10pe . And ye n e xt day
we h ad a fayre ga le of Ea ste rlywind yt brought vs towards n ight as farrea s y
e Liz z ard .
[ I 3 ]We dn e sday y e wind still bouldingEa ste rly, w e e came a s farre as y
e
lan ds e nd,in y
e vtm ost part of Corn ewa ll
, 85 so le ft 0r de a re n atiue soilo of
Englan d be hin d vs ; 85 sayling
.
about I Ole ague s fi1rth e rw e pa sse d ye Isle s of Sillie85 laun che d y e same day a gre a t way in toye ma in e oce an . And now my wiffe '
85
oth e r pa sse nge rs be gan to fe e le y e tossingw an e s of y e w e ste rn e se a ,
“
85 so we re ve ryse a -sicke .
A True Rela tion of tire
[ IMonday ca lme still
, ye win d be ing
no : w : blowing a little towardse ue ning , but con trary to 0r course .
Tewsday wind so : w : a s little[ 1 he lpful] a s y e forme r 85 blowingue ry w e ake . This day y e m r of or ship
,
my se lfe 85 anothe r we n t aboard th e
L ion s wh e lpe , whe re Mr Gibs made vsw e lc6 e wth boun tiful] e nte rtayn e m t. Andthis day towards n ight my daughte r grewsicke r 85 many blewSpots we re sce n e vpoh e r bre a st, wch affrighte d vs . At y e firstw e e thought yY h ad be n e y
e plaguetoke n s ; but w e found afte rwards yt itwas on e ly an high me a sure of y e infe ctiOof y
e pocke s,wch we re strucke agayn e
in to y e child, 85 so it was Gods will y echild dye d about 5 of y
e clocke'
a t n ight,be ing y e first in 0r shipp yt wa s burie d inth e bowe lls of y e gre a t Atlan ticke Se a ;w ch as it was a grie fe to vs h e r pare n ts, 85a sorrow to all y
e re st a s be ing y e be ginn ing of a con tagious dise a se 85 morta lityso in y
e same j udge mt i t ple a se d God toremembe r me rcy in y e child, in fre e ingit fro a world of mise ry whe re in othe rwise she e h ad lin e d all h e r da ie s . For
be ing about 4 ye are s ould a y e are sin ce ,w e e kn ow not by wha t me an e s, swe ye d inye backe
, so yt it was broke n 85 grew
crooke d, 85 y e joynts of h e r hipps we re66 loose d
La st Voy age to N ew Engla nd
loose d 85 h e rkne e s we n t crooke d pittifullto se e . Sin ce wch ryme she e ha th h ad a
most lame n table payn e in h e r be lly, 85would oft time s cry out in ye day 85 in h e rsle e p a lso my be lly, wch de clare d sOe e x
traordin ary distempe r. So yt in re spe ct of
h e rwe e h ad cause to take h e r de a th as a
ble ssing fro y e Lord to shorte n h e rmise rie .
We dn e sda a we tt motuin[May 2 0] y e windwzi
’
sW:S :W : 85 ign
ye afte rnoon e N :W : 85 by W : bothbe ing con trary to 0r course
, wch was to
sa ile W : 85 by S : Thus it ple a se d godto lay his hand Vpo vs by sickn e s 85
de a th 85 con trary winds ; 85 stirre d vpsac of . vs to make ye m otOn of humbling or se lve s vnde r y e hand of God
by ke e ping a solemn e day of fasting 85praye r un to God
, to be se e ch him to re
moon e \ ye con tinuan ce 85 furthe r in
cre a se of the se e vills fi‘
O vs . wch wa s willingly conde sce nde d vuto as a duty ve ryfitting 85 n e e dfull for 0r pre se n t sta te andcondic
‘
on .
Thursday, the re be ing 2 min iste rsin y
e ship, Mr Smith 85 my se lfe ,we e nde voure d toge the r wth othe rs tocon se cra te y e day as a solemn e fasting 85hum il1 ac0n to a lmighty God
,as a furth e r
aunce oforpre se n tworke . And it ple a se d67 God
A True Rela tion of tbe
God ye ship was be ca lm e d all day , so y
t
we we re fre e d fit“) any e ncum braunce :
And a s soon e as w e h ad don e praye rs,
se e 85 be hould yegoodn e s of god, about
7 a clocke a t n ight y e wind turn e d to
n : e : 85 w e h ad a fayre gale yt n ight as aman ife st e vide n ce of y
e Lords he a ring0rpraye rs . I he a rd sac of y e marin e rssay ,yY thought this wa s y e first se a-fa st yt e ue rwas ke pt, 85 yt yy n e uerhe ard of y
e likepe rfourm e d a t se a be fore .
Fryday ye windfayre
,85 e a st n orth
e rly, 85 for 0r purpose for new
M England . it did blow strongly 85l: aydca rrie d vs on am ayn e w
th tossingwaue s, wch did affright ym yt we re not
won te d to such sights .Sa turday y e sam e win d blowing
[ 2 but more ge n tly . Now we we recoforte d wth hope of my sonn e Samue lsre cove ry ofy e pocke s .
Th e 2 Lords day , a fayre day , anorde rly wind 85 prospe rous .On Monday a fayre frum m e gale ,
[ 2 5 ] y e win d South S :W6
T ewsday about 1 0 ofye cloch e in
[ 2-
.ly e morn ing,While st w e we re a t
praye rs a strong and sudde n blast '
cam e
fro ye north
, yt hoyse d vp y
e wane s 85tosse d vs more th e n e ue r be fore 85 he ld vsall y
t day till towa rds n ight 85 the n aba te dI 68 by
L a st Voy age to N ew Engla nd
by little 85 little till i t was ca lme . Thisday MrGoflre s gre a t dogg fe l l oue r boa rd85 could not be re coue re d .
[ 2We dn e sday . y
e wind still no : 85
ca lme ln ye m ornm g , but about
noon e the re arose a So : wind, wch e n
cre a se d more 85 more,so y
t i t se eme d to vsyt are land m e n a sore 85 te rrible storm e ;
for ye wind blew mightily, y e rayn e fe ll
ve heme n tly, y e se a roare d 85 y e wane stosse d vs horribly ; be side s it was fe arful]da rke 85 y e ma rin e rs ma id was afraid ;85 moyse on th e othe r side wth the ir runn ing he re 85 the re , lowd crying one to
anothe r to pull a t this 85 yt rope . Th e
wan e s owre d m se lue s oue r[May 2 7] y e sh ipjie yt y e
); boa te s we re
fille d wth wa te r, yt yy we re fayn e to
strike hole s in y e midst of ym to le t ye
wa te rout. Y e a by y e viole n ce ofy e waue s
ye long boa te coard wch he ld it was bro
ke n, 85 it h ad like to haue be n e wa she d
oue rboard, h ad not ye ma rin e rs wth much
payn e 85 daunge rre coue re d y e same . Butthis la ste d not many houre s ; afte r whichit be came a calm ish day . All wch whileI lay close 85 wa rme in my cabin e
,but
farre fro han ing list to sle e pe wth Jon ah ;
my thoughts we re othe rwise employe das y
e tym e 85 pla ce re quire d . The n I sawye truth of y
e Scripture Psa ] . 1 07, frt‘
) ye
[ 69 ] 2 3
A True Rela tion of too
2 3 to ye3 2 . And my fe a re a t this tym e
wa s ye le sse , whe n I re m e m be rd wha t aloving frie nd of myn e , a min iste r accustom e d to se a storme s sa id to m e e y
t Imight not be dismaye d a t such storme s
,
foryY we re ordina ry a t se as, 85 it se e ldom e
fa lls out yt a shipp pe rishe th at storms ifit haue se a -roome
, wch I y e ra the r wryteyt othe rs a s we ll a s my se lfe by y e knowle dge he re of m ay be e n courage d 85 prepa re d ag
t the se ordina ry se a -storme s .8
Thursday So : win d : ca lme at
[ 2 2 9] n ight : On fryday a boistrous
win d blowing crosse , but wa s a llaye d towa rds n ight wth a showre of rayn e . Sat
urday So : w : wind, but fa ire 85[ 3 0] quie tt .
Sabba th da be in 6
[May 3 1 ] Lords day , fityre 85gcalm e
3
;
we e saw abundance of grampas fishe s, 2
or 3 yards long, 85 a body as bigg as an
oxe .
Monday y e wind we ste rly 85[Ju n e 1 ] ca lme : but be side s or be ingstayed by con tra ry winds w e be gan to
fynd ye tempe ra ture of y
e ayre to a lte r85 to be come more sole try 85 subj e ct tovnwhols0m e foggs . For com m g n ow to
ye he ight of ye we ste rn e Islands, sOe of
or m e n fe l l sicke of ye scuruie 85 o the rs
of th e sma ll pocke s, wch more 85 more70 incre a se d :
L a st Voy age to N ew Engla nd
incre ase d : y e t th anke s be to God non e
dye d of it but my own e child m e n éb'
nd.
And the re fore , a ccording to 0rgre a t n e e dwe appoin te d anoth e r fa st for th e n e xtday
Tewsdaywe sole m n e ly ce le bra te anothe r fa st . Th e Lord yt day he a rd
vs be fore w e e praye d 85 gaue vs aun swe re
be fore w e ca lle d ; for e arly in y e morn in gye wind turn e d full East
,be ing as fitt a
win d a s could blowe . And sitting at mystudy on ye shipps poope I saw manybonny fishe s 85 porpuse s pursuing on e an
othe r, and le aping sOe of ym a yard aboue
ye wa te r . Also as we we re a t praye r, vnde rye ha tch
,sOe y
t we re aboue saw a wha lepufling vp wa te r not farre frO y e sh ippe .
Nowm ywiffe was pre ttily we l l re couere dof h e r se a sickn e sse .
We dn e sday a fayre day 85 fyn e ga le[ 3 of full East wind . This day my se lfe85 othe rs saw a large round fish sayling
by y e ships side about a ya rd in[Jun e ] le ngth 85 roundn e s e ue ry way .
Th e marin e rs ca ld it a sun n e fish ; itspre ade th out y
e finne s like be ame s onon e ry side 4 , or 5 .
Thursday 85 fryday ye wind full[4 ’ E : we we re ca rrie d wth admiracon on orjourn e y . By thiswe e we re morethe n ha lfe way to n ewEngland . This day
7 I I
A True Rela tion of tbe
I saw a fish ve ry straunge to m e e, yy ca ll
it a ca rn e l l ; wch came by y e ship side wafting a long y e top of y
e wa te r. it appe a re da t y
e first like a bubble aboue th e wa te ras bigg a s a man s fist . but y e fish it se lfeis about y e bigue s of a man s thum
,so y
t
ye fish it se lfe 85 y e bubble re se m ble th a
shipp wth sa ile s, wch the re fore is ca lle d acarn e ll .
l:6 7]Sa turday win d dire ct E : still . Th e4 Sabb : we ke pt a t se a th e wind
full full Ea ste rly til l n oon e , 85 the n
[ 8 ]it
.
came fiall So zE : a.
strong ga le ytn 1gh t 85 y
e n e xt day a lln 1gh t.T ewsday y
e same wind h e ld til ] 9[9] a clock in y e morn ing : 85 the n a
gre a t sh owre wch la ste d till about 7 a t
n ight, 85 the n it was a ve ry ca lme . Th e rewe soun de d wth a diple d lyn e aboue1 00th fadom e 85 found n o bottom e . Thi sday we saw a fish ca lle d a turkle
,a gre a t
85 large she l l fish swim ing aboue y e wa te rn e e re y
e sh ippe .
We dn e sday win d northe rly a fyn e[ I 0] ga le but calm ish in y e afte rn oon e .
Thursday y e win d a t n o : a n[ I I Ju n e ] e a sy e ga le 85 fayre morn ingwe saw a m ou
‘
ntayn e of I ce shyning as
white a s snow like to a gre a t rocke or
clift on y e shoare . it stood still 85 the refore we thought it to be on ground 85 to
7z re ach
A True Rela tion of tbe
a wa tch . I n ye afte rnoon e it blew ha rde r,
so ye se a was rough, 85 we lost y e sight of
ye lion s wh e lpe : i t be ing foggie wedrur
"
1"
1 e d for ym 85 yY shot off a gre a t pie ce
of ordinan ce but we fe a re d not on e an
othe r .6Tewsday wind So : 85 by E : fog
[ 1 Jgic till about 1 0 a clocke while wewe re at praye rs it cle are d vp about an
houre , 85 the n we saw y e lion swh e lpe distan t about 2 le ague s southward . we e pre
se ntly tackt about to me e t h e r85 she e didye same to m e e te vs, but be fore w e couldge t toge the r a thick fogge came , yt wewe re long in fynding e ach oth e r. Thisdaywe sounde d dive rs tym e s, 85 found orse lve s on anothe r banke , a tfirst 4 0 fa thom,
afte r 3 6 . afte r 3 3 . afte r 24 . we e thoughtit to haue be n e y e banke oue r agt chapSable
,butwe we re de ce iue d, forwe kn ew
not ce rta in ly whe re we we re be cause of y efogge . Afte r 3 or4 h0ure s cOpanywe lostye lion s wh e lpe agayn e : 85 be a te ordrume85 shot off a gre a t pie ce of ordin aun e e 85ye t he ard n ot of y
m. But pe rce iuing y e
banke to grow still yt sha llowe r w e foundit 27 85 24 fa thoms . The refore be ing a
fogg 85 fe a ring we e we re too n e e re landwe tackt about for se a roome for 2 or 3wa tche s, 85 ste e re d Southe a st .
74 We dn e sday
La st Voy age to N ew Engla nd
[ I 7]We dn e sday ve ry foggie still85windS : a nd by w : 85 sounding found
no bottome yt we could re ach .
8Thursday win d full w : 85 con tra
[ 1 ry to vs . This day a notoriouswicke d fe llow y
t was giue n to swe aring 85boa sting of hisforme r wicke dn e s bragge dyt h e e h ad got a we nch wth child be foreh e e came this voyage 85 mocke d a torda ie soffa st ra iling 85 j e sting ag
t puritan s,this
fe llow fe ll sicke of y e pocke s 85 dye d .We e
sounde d and foun d 3 8 fa thom, 85 staye dfor a little to take sOe codfish 85 fe a ste dorse lve s m e rily .
Fryday wind we st sti ll,a ve ry fayre
[ 1 9] cle a re day . About 4 a clock in y e afte rnoon e sOe we n t vp to y e top ofy e mast,8c affirme d to or gre a t cofort yY saw landto y
e north e a stwa rd .
Sa turday win d So :w : a fayre ga le[ 20] we sounde d 85 found 4 0, 30, 2 2 , 85
a little afte rno ground .
Sabb : be ing y e 6th Lords day ;[ 2 I ] win d we ste rly but fayre 85 ca lme .
MondaywindEa ste rly a fayre ga le .
[ 2 2] This day we e saw a gre a t de a le of
froth not fa rre frovs :we e fe a re d itmightbe e sOe bre ach of wa te r ag
t some n ew
qvote .
2 The re fore y e m rof orshipp hoise douty
e sh alop 85 we n twtbsac ofyeme n to se e
wha t it was ; but found it on e ly to be e a
75 froa th
A True Rela tion of tbe
froath ca rrie d by y e stre am e .
T ewsda e winda za fa re
[Jun e 2 3 ] ga le . This daywe e xam itie d5 be a stly Sodom iticall boye s, wch con
fe sse d the irwicke dn e s n ot to be e n ame d.
Th e fact was so fowle we e re fe rre d ym to
be e pun ish e d by y e gove rn or whe n we
cam e to n ew England, who afte rward se n tym backe to y e copany to be e pun ishe d ln
ould Eng land as y e crime de se rue d .
We dn e sday wind no : E : a fayre[ 2 4 ] day 85 cle a re : about 9 a clocke in
ye morn ing we e spie d a shipp about 4le ague s be hin d vs ; wch
prooue d ye lion s
wh e lpe , wch h ad be n e a we e ke se pa ra te d
fro vs . we staye d for [blot (h e r)] cOpany .
This day a child of goodman Blacke wch
h ad a cOsum pcon be fore it came to shipp,dye d . This day we h ad all a cle a re 85 cc
“
)
fortable sight of Ame rica, 85 ofy
e ChapSable yt .was oue r agt vs 7 or 8 le ague snorthwa rd . H e re we sawye llowgillifloWe rs on y
e se a .
Thursday wind still no : Ea : a full[ 2 5 ] 85 fre sh ga le . I n y
e afte r n oon e we eh ad a cle are sight of many Islan ds 85bills by y e se a shoat e . Now we saw abund
ann e e of m akrill, a gre a t store of gre a twha le s pufling vp wa te r a sWgoe , sac of
ym cam e n e e re orsh ipp : the irgre a tn e s did
a stonish vs yt saw ym not be fore : the ir76 backs
L a st Voy age to N ew Engla nd
backs appe are d like a little Island . At 5a clock a t 3 n ight th e wind turn e d S . E . a
fayre ga le . This day we caught m ackrill.
[ 2 6]Fryday a foggie morn ing , but afte rcle are a nd wind ca lm e . We saw
many scools of m ackril] , infin ite multitude s on e ve ry side our ship . Th e se a wa s
abundan tly store d with rockwe e d and y e llow flowe rs like gilly-flow e rs . By noonw e we re within 3 le ague s of Capan ,
a nd
as w e sayle d a long th e coasts we saw e ve ryhill and da le and e ve ry island full of gaywoods and high tre e s . Th e n e a re rwe cameto th e shonre th e more flowe rs in abnudan ce
,som e tym e s sca tte re d abroad
,som e
tyme s joyn e d in she e ts 9 or 1 0 yards long ,which w e suppose d to be brought fromth e low m e adowe s by th e tyde . Nowwha twith fin e woods and gre e n e tre e s by land,a nd the se ye llow flowe rspayn tingth e se a ,made us all de sirous to se e our n ew paradisc ofN ewEngland,whe n ce we saw suchfore runn ing sign a ls offe rtilitie afarre off.
Coming n e are th e ha rbour towa rds n ightwe takt about for se a -roome .
[ 2 1Sa turday a foggie morn ing ; but af
7te r 8 o
’clocke in th e morn ing ve ry
cle a re,th e wind be ing somewha t con trary
a t So . andby We st, w e tackt to and aga in e
wi th ge tting little ; but with much adoe ,about 4 o’clock in th e afte rn oon e
,having
77 with
A True Rela tion of toe
with much payn e compa sse d th e harbour,
and be ing re ady to e n te r th e same,se e
how things m ay sudde n ly change"the recame a fe arful ] gust ofwind and rayn e a ndthunde r and lightn ing , whe re by w e we reborn e with no little terrour and troubleto our ma rin e rs
,having ve ry much adoe
to loose down e th e sayle s whe n th e furyofth e storm e he ld up . ButGod be pra ise dit la ste d but a while and soon e aba te dagayn e . And h e re by th e Lord sh ow e d uswha t h e could have don e with us
,if it h ad
ple a se d him . Butble sse d be God,h e soon e
remove d this storm e and itwas a fayre andswe e t e ve n ing .
We had a we ste rly win dwhich broughtus be twe e n 5 and 6 o
’clock to a fyn e and
swe e t harbour,47 mile s from th e h e ad
poin t of Capan . This harbour 20 shipsm ay e a sily ryde the re in
,whe re the re was
an islan d whithe r four of our m e n witha boa te we n t
,a nd brought backe agayn e
ripe strawbe rrie s and goose b e rrie s, an d
swe e t sing le rose s . Thus God was me rciful to us in giving us a ta st and sm e ll ofth e swe e t fruit as an e a rn e st of his boun tiful goodn e s to we lcome us a t our firstarrivall. This harbour was two le ague sand some thing more from th e harbour a tNa im ke cke
,whe re our ships we re to re st,
and th e plan ta tion is a lre ady be gun . But78 be cause
La st Voy ag e to New Engla nd
be cause th e passage is difficult and n ightdrew on , we put in to Capan ha rbour.2 8
Th e Sabba th , be ing th e first wel: :lke pt inAme rica
,and th e 7th Lord
’sday afte r we parte d with Eng la nd .
Mondaywe cam e from Capan,to go
[ 2 9] toNaim ke cke,th e wind northe rly .
I should have tould you be fore tha t th eplan te rs spying our English colours th eGove rn our se n t a sh alop with 2 m e n on
Sa turday to pilot us . The se re ste d th e
Sabba th with us a t Capan ; and this day ,by God’s ble ssing and the ir dire ction s, wepa sse d th e curious and difficult e n trancein to th e la rge spacious harbourofNa imke cke . And as we pa sse d a long i t waswonde rful to be hould so many isla ndsre ple n ishe d with thicke wood and hightre e s
,a nd many fayre gre e n e pa sture s .
And be ing come in to th e harbourwe sawth e Ge orge to our gre a t comfort the nbe ing come on Tue sday which was 7da ie s b e fore us . We re ste d tha t n ightwith glad and thankful he arts tha t God
h ad put an e nd to our long and te diousjourne y through th e gre a te st se a in th e
world .
[ 3 O]Th e n e xt morn ing th e gove rnourcame aboa rd to our ship
,and bade
us kindly we lcome,a nd invite d m e and
my wiffe to come on shoare, and take our
79 lodging
A True Rela tion of tbe
lodging in his house , which we did accordingly .
Thus you have a fa ithful re port colle cte d from day to day of all th e partic
ulars tha t we re worth n oting in our
pa ssage .
Now in our passage dive rs things arere m arke able .
First, through God’s ble ssing our pas
sage was short and spe e dy, for whe re a swe h ad 1 000 le ague s, tha t is 3000 mile sEng lish , to sa ile from Ould toN ew England
, we pe rform e d th e same in 6 we eksand 3 daye s .Se condly, our passage was comfort
able a nd e a sie for th e most part,having
ordin ari ly fayre and mode ra te wind, andbe ing fre e d for th e most pa rt fromstormie a nd rough se a s, saving on e n ighton ly, which w e tha t we re not use dthought to be more te rrible than inde e dit wa s
,and this wasWe dn e sday a t n ight
May 27th .
Thirdly,our passage was a lso he a lth
full to our pa sse nge rs, be ing fre e d fromth e gre a t con tagion of th e scurvie and
othe r ma le dictions,which in othe r pa ss
age s to othe r pla ce s h ad take n away th e80 live s
And inde e d in this re ga rd I have greatcause to give God pra ise ; tha t h e ha thmade my coming to be a me thod to cur'em e of a wonde rful we ake stom acke and
con tinua l payn e of m e lancholly wyn dfrom th e sple n e : Also dive rs childrenwe re sicke of th e sma ll pocke s
, but are
safe ly re cove re d agayn e , and 2 or 3 pas;
se nge rs towa rds th e la tte r e nd of the voyage fe ll sicke of th e scurvie , but coin ingto land re cove re d in a short ryme.
Fourthly , our pa ssage wa s both ple a surable and profitable . For we re ce ive din struction and de light in be houldingth ewonde rs of th e Lord in th e de epe wa te rs,and some time s se e ing th e se a round usappe a ring with a te rrible coun te nan ce ,and a s it we re full of high hills a nd de cpcvallye s ; and some time s it appe are d as a
most pla in and e ve n m e a dow. And e ve r
a nd anon we saw dive rs kynds of fishe ssporting in th e gre a t wa te rs, gre a t grampuse s and huge wha le s going by com pani e s and puffing up wa te r-stre am e s . Thosetha t love the ir own e chimn e y corn e r, andda re notgo fa rre beyond the irown e town e se nd sha l l n e eve r have th e honour to se e
the se wonde rfull worke s of AlmightyGod .
Fifthly, we h ad a pious and christian
like pa ssage ; forI suppose pa sse ng ers sha l l8 2 se ldom
L a st Voy age to N ew England
se ldom find a company ofmore re ligious,hone st and kynd se ame n than we h ad .
We con stan tly se rve d God morn ing and
e ve n ing by re ading and e xpounding a
chapte r,singing , and praye r. And th e
Sabba th was sole m n e ly ke pt by adding toth e forme r, pre aching twise and ca te ch ising . And in ourgre a t n e e d we ke pt 2 solemn e fa sts
,a nd found a gracious e ffe ct .
Le t a ll tha t love and use fa sting and praying take notise tha t it is as pre vaile ableby se a as by land
,whe re soe ve r it is fa ith
fully pe rforme d . Be side s th e ship maste rand his company use d e ve ry n ight to se ttthe ir 8 and 1 2 a clocke wa tche s withsinging a psalm e and praye r tha t was notre ad outof a booke . This I wryte not forboasting and fla tte ry ; but for th e be n e fitof those tha t have a m ynd to come to
N ewEngland h e re afte r, tha t ifthey lookefor and de syre to have as prospe rous avoyage aswe h ad, the y m ay use th e sameme an e s to a ttayn e th e same . So le ttingpa sse ourpa ssage by se a , w e will nowbringourdiscourse to land on th e shoa t e ofN ew
England, and I sha ll by God’s a ssistancee nde avour to spe ake nothing but th en ake d truth
,and both a cqua in t you with
th e commoditie s and discommoditie s ofth e coun try .
NEW-ENGLANDS PLANTATION
N EW-ENGLAND S
PLANTAT ION
OR,
A SHORT AND TRVE
DEscniii’fiofi OF THE
COMMOD ITI ES ANDD I SCOMMOD IT I ES
of that Countrey.
writte n byM‘ Hzggeron, a re uere nd
Diuine now there re side nt.
Whe reunto 18 added a Le tte r, se nt byMr Graues an Engine re , out ofN ew Engla nd.
Tko third Edition , enla rged.
LON DON .
Printed by T. and R . Cote; forM ieba el Sp arke ,dwe lling at the S ign e of the B lue B ible in
Greene-Arbor, I 630.
To th e Re ade r.Eader
, doe not dirda ine to reade tbir
Relation a nd laake not bere to ba ne
a la rge Ga te a nd no ouilding witbin a
full-rtzfid Tittle witl) no m a tter in toe
B oone B ut bere reade toe trutl) , a nd toa t
tbon rba ltfindwitlvout a nyfrotby onmoartingword:
,or a ny qua int new
-dea ired additionr,onely a : it wa s written (not intendedfor tbePreroe) oy a reuerendDiuine now tbere lin
ing , wlto onely rent it to som e Friendrbere ,wbieb were derirourof bi: Rela tions ; wbiebif a n Epitonzy of tbeir proceeding: in tbe
Pla nta tion . A ndfor tby pa rt y‘tbou m ea n
ert to oe no Pla nter nor Venturer doe out
lend toy good Pray errfor tbefnrtbera ne e ofit. And so I rest a WellWirber to a ll toegood designer ootlr of tbern wbieb a re gone ,
a nd of tbem toa t are to goe .
M . S .
N ew-Engla ndr Pla nta tion
truly inde auour by Gods he lpe to re portnothing but th e n ake d truth
,a nd tha t
both to te ll you of th e discommoditie sas we l l as of th e commoditie s
,though as
th e idle Proue rbe is, Tra nellerrm ay lye oya ntoritie , a nd so m ay take too much sin
full libe rtie tha t way . Y e t I m ay say of
my se lfe a s on ce N ebem ia /z did in an othe rca se : Sba ll rue/z a Ma n a : I lye ? NO ve r
ily : It be com m e th not a Pre ach e r of
Truth to be a Write r of Falshod in anyde gre e : and the re fore I haue be e n e ca refull to re port nothing of new Engla nd butwha t I haue pa rtly sce n e with min e own eEye s, and partly he a rd and inquire d fromth e mouths of ve rie hon e st and re ligiouspe rsons, who by liuing in th e Coun trey agood space of time haue h ad e xpe rie n ceand knowle dge of th e sta te the re of, 8:whose te stimon ie s I doe be le e ue as myse lfe .
First the re fore of th e Earth of N ew
Engla nd and all th e appe rte nance s the reof: I t is a Land of diue rs and sundry sortsall aboutMa ra tbuletr B ay , and a t Cba rler
Riue ris a s fatblacke Ea rth a s can be se e n eany whe re : and in othe r pla ce s you hauea clay soyle , in othe r graue ll, in othe rsan dy
,as i t is all about our Plan ta tion a t
Sa lem, for so our Town e is now n ame d,
Pra l. 76 . 2 .
Th e forme of th e Ea rth he re in th e
supe rficie s of it is n e ithe r too flat in
th e pla inn e sse , nor too high in Hils,
but partake s of both in a m e diocritie , and
fit for Pasture , or for P low or m e ddow
ground, a s M e n ple a se to employ it :though all th e Coun tre y be e a s it we re a
thickeWood forth e ge n e ra l l,ye tin diue rsplace s the re is much groun d cle a re d byth e I ndia ns , and e spe cia lly about th e Planta tion : and I am told tha t about thre emile s from vs a Man m ay stand on a littlehilly place and se e diue rs thousands ofacre s of ground as good a s n e e d to be , andnot a Tre e in th e same . I t is thought he reis good C lay to make Bricke and Tyle s
and Ea rthe n -Pot a s n e e d to be . At thisinstan t we are se tting a Bricke -Kill onworke to make B ricke s and Tyle s for th e
building of ourHouse s . For Ston e , he reis ple n tie of S la te s a t th e He of Sla te inMa sa tbnlets B ay , and L ime -ston e , Fre eston e , and Smooth-ston e , a nd Iron -ston e
,
and Ma rble -ston e a lso in such store,tha t
we haue gre a t Rocks of i t, and a Ha rbourha rd by. Our Plan ta tion is -from the nceca lle d Ma rble -ha rbour .Of—M in e ra ls the re hath ye t be e n e but
little triallmade , y e t we are notwithoutgre a t hope of be ing furn ishe d in rth atSoyle .
N ew-Engla nds P la nta tion
Th e fe rtilitie of th e Soyle is to be ad
mire d a t, a s appe are th in th e aboundance
ofGra sse tha t growe th e ue rie whe re bothve rie thicke , ve ric long , and ve ric highin diue rs place s : but it growe th ve rie
wildly with a gre a t stalke and a broad andranke r blade , be cause i t n e ue r h ad be e ne a te n with Ca ttle
, nor mowe d with a
Sythe , a n d se ldom e trample d on by foot .I t is sca rce to be be le e ue d h ow ourKin ea nd Goa ts
,Horse s andHogge s doe thriue
and prospe r he re a nd like we l l of thisCoun trey .
I n our Plan ta tion we haue a lre ady aquartofMilke fora pe nny:but th e abounda nt e ncre a se of Corn e proue s this Countre y to be e a wonde rme n t . Th irtie , fortic,fiftie
,sixtie are ordina rie he re : y e a j o
sepb’
s e n cre a se in [Egyt is out-stript he rewith vs . Our plan te rs hope to hau’
e morethe n a hun dre d fould this ye re : a nd all
this while I am within compa sse ; wifa twil l you say of two hundre d fould and vpwards ? I t is a lmost in cre dible wha t gre a tga ine some of our English P lan te rs haueh ad by our Indian Corn e . Cre dible pe rson s haue a ssure d m e
,and th e pa rti e him
se lfe auouch e d th e truth of i t to m e,tha t
of th e se tting of 1 3 ga llon s of Corn e h e eha th h ad e ncre a se of it 5 2 Hogshe a ds,e ue ry Hogshe ad ho lding se n e n Bushe ls
[ 9 2 ] of
New-Engla nds Pla nta tion
ofLondon me a sure,and e ue ry B ush e llwas
by him sold and truste d to th e I ndians forsomuch B e aue ras wasworth 1 8 shillings ;a nd so of th is r3 Ga llon s of Corn e whichwa s worth 6 shillings 8 pe n ce , h e madeabout 3 27 pounds of it in th e y e e re fol
lowing , a s by re ckon ing will appe arewhe re you m ay se e h ow God ble sse d husba ndry in this Land . Th e re is n ot suchgre a te and ple n tifull e are s ofCorn e I suppose any whe re e lse to be e found but in thisCoun try : be cause a lso of varie tie of col
ours, as re d, blew,and ye llow , 8CC . and of
on e Corn e the re springe th foure or fiuehundre d . I haue se n t you many Eare s ofdiue rs colours tha t youmight se e th e truthof i t .L ittle Childre n he re by se tting of
Corn e m ay e arn e much more the n the irown e ma in te n an ce .
The y haue try e d ourEnglisb Corn e a t
n ew Plim m ontb P lan ta tion , so tha t allourse ue rallGra in e s will grow he re ve rie we ll ,and haue a fitting Soyle for the ir n a ture .
Our Goue rnor ha th store of gre e n epe ase growing in his ga rde n as good a s
e ue r I e at in Engla nd.
This Coun tre y abounde th na tura l lywith store of roote s of gre a t varie tie a nd
good to e at. OurTurn ips,Pa rsn ips a nd
Ca rrots are he re both bigge r and swe e te r9 3 th e n
N ew-Engla nds P la nta tion
the n is ordin ari ly tobe e found in Engla nd.
H e re a re store ofPumpion s,Cowcom be rs
,
a nd othe r things of tha t n a ture which Iknow n ot. Also dine rs e xce l le n t Pothe rbsgrow abundan tly among th e Gra ss e ,as Strawbe rrie le aue s in all place s of th eCoun tre y , a nd ple n tie of strawbe rrie s inthe irtime
,a ndPe nyroyal] ,Win te rsaue rie ,
Sorre l ] , B rooke lim e,Liue rwort
,Carn e ll
andWa te rcre sse s,a lso L e e ke s a ndOn ion s
are ordin arie,a nd diue rs Physica l] H e rbs .
H e re are a lso aboundance of othe r swe e tH e arbs de lightful ] to th e sme ll
,whose
n am e s w e know not, SEC . and ple n tie of
single Dam a ske Rose s ve rie swe e te ; and
two kin ds ofH e rbe s tha t be are two kindsof Flowe rs ve ry swe e t, which the y say,are a s good tomake Cordage orCloa th as
any H empe orFlaxe we haue .
Exce lle n t V in e s are he re vp and down ein th e Woode s . OurGoue rnour ha th alre ady plan te d a V in e ya rd with gre a t hopeof e n cr e a se .
Also,Mulbe rrie s, Plums, Ra spbe rrie s,
Corrance , Che snuts, Filbe rds , Walnuts,Sm alnuts
,Hurtle be rie s , 6T. Hawe s of
White thorn e me e re a s good a s ourChe rrie s in Engla nd, the y grow in ple n tie
he re .
ForWood the re is no be tte r in th e
World I th inke , h e re be ing foure sorts[ 94 ] of
New-Engla nds P la nta tion
ofOke diffe ring both in'
th e Le afe ,Tim
be r, andColour, alle xce lle n t good . The reis a lso good Ash , E lme , Willow,
Birch,
B e e ch , Saxafras, Jun ipe r, C ipre s, C e da r,Spruce
,Pin e s, 8: P irre tha t will y e e ld
abundance of Turpe n tin e , Pi tch , Ta rre ,Ma sts and othe r ma te ria ls for buildingboth of Ships and House s . Also he re arestore of Sum a cke Tre e s
,the y are good
for dying and tann ing of L e a the r,like
wise such tre e s y e e ld a pre cious Ge m
ca lle d Win e B e njame n,tha t the y say is
e xce l le n t for pe rfume s . Also he re bedin e rs Roots and B e rrie s whe rewith th eI ndia ns dye e xce lle n t holding colours tha tno ra in e norwashing can a lte r . Also, we ehaue ma te ria ls to make Sope -Ashe s andSa lt-Pe te r in aboundance .
For B e asts the re are some Be a re s, andthe y say some Lyon s a lso ; for the y haueb e e n se e n a t Cape Alnne . A lso he re are
se ue rall sorts of D e e re,some whe re of
bring thre e orfoure young on e s a t once,
which is n ot ordinarie in Engla nd. AlsoWolue s , Foxe s, B e aue rs, O tte rs, Martin s
,
gre a t wild Ca ts, 85 a gre a t B e a st ca lle d aMolke as bigge a s an Oxe . I haue se e nth e Skin s of a ll the se Be a sts sin ce I came
to this Plan ta tion e xce pting Lyon s . Alsohe re are gre a t store of sque rre ls, some
grea te r, and some sma lle r and le sse r:95 the re
N ew-Engla nds P la nta tion
th e re are some of th e le sse r sort,the y
te ll m e,tha t by a ce rta in e Ski ll will fly
fromTre e toTre e though the y stand fa rredistan t .
Of toe Wa ters of N ew-England, witoré etbings belonging to tbe sam e .
N ew-Engla nd ha thWa te r e nough bothsa l t and fre sh
,th e gre a te st S e a in th e
World , th e A tla ntie é e S e a run s all a longth e Coast th e re of. Th e re a re abun dan ceof I lands a long th e Shore , some full ofWood a nd M a st to fe e d Swin e ; and
o th e rs cle e re of Wood,and frui tful ] to
be are Corn e . Also w e e haue store of e x
col le n t harbours for Ships,a s a t Cape
A nne,a nd a t Ma sa tlmlets B ay , a nd a t
Sa lem ,and a t ma ny o th e r place s : a nd
the y are th e be tte r be cause for Strange rsthe re is a ve ric difficult a nd dange rouspa ssage in to them ,
but vn to such as a re
we l l a cqua in te d with th em ,the y are e a sie
a nd safe e n ough . Th e aboundan ce ofSe a
Fish a re a lmost be yond be le e uing, and
sure I should scarce haue be le e ue d i t,e xce pt I h ad sce n e i t with min e own e
Eye s . I saw gre a t store ofWha le s , a ndCram pusse , a nd such aboundan ce of
Macke rils tha t i t would a ston ish on e to
be ho ld,likewise Cod-Fish in aboundan ce
96 on
N ew-Engla nds Pla nta tion
Coun tre y is of an e xce lle n t tempe rfor th emaking of Sa lt : for sin ce our com m ingourFishe rm e n haue brought home ve rygood Sa lt which th e y foun d candie d byth e stan ding of th e Se a wa te r and th e
h e a t of th e Sunn e , vpon a Rocke by th eSe a shore : a nd in dine rs sa lt Ma rishe stha t some haue gon e through , th e y hauefoun d som e Sa lt in some pla ce s crushingvnde r the ir Fe e te a nd cle auing to the irShooe s .
And as for fre sh Wa te r th e Countre yis full of da in ty Springs, a nd some gre a tRin e rs
,and some le sse r Brooke s ; a nd a t
Ma sa tbulets B ay the y digge d We ls and
found Wa te r at thre e Foot de cpc in mostplace s : and n e e re S a lem the y haue as fin e
cle are Wa te r a s w e can de sire,and w e
m ay digge We ls a nd find Wa te r whe rew e list .Thus w e e se e both Lan d and Se a
abound with store of ble ssings for th e
comfortable suste nance of Man’s l ife in
Of toe A ire of N ew-England witotbetemper a nd Crea tures in it.
Th e T empe r of th e Aire ofN ew-Engla nd is on e spe cia l] thing tha t comme ndsthis place . Expe rie n ce doth man ife st
9 8 tha t
N ew-Englands Planta tion
tha t the re is h a rdly a more he a lthful]place to be foun d in . th e World tha tagre e th be tte r with our Eng lish bodye s .
Many tha t haue be e n e w e ake and sicklyin old Engla nd, by com m ing hithe r hauebe e n e thoroughly he a le d and grown e
he a lthful] strong . For he re is an e xtraordin a rie cle e re and dry Aire tha t is ofa most he a ling n a ture to all such as are
of a Co ld, M e lan choly,Fle gm atick,
Rh e um atick tempe r of Body . Non e can
more truly spe ake he re of by the ir own ee xpe rie n ce the n my se lfe . My Frie n dstha t kn ew m e can we l l te ll how ve ricsickly I haue bin and con tinua lly inPhysick
,be ing much trouble d with a
torm e n ting pa in e through an e xtraordi
n arie w e akn e sse of my Stom acke,and
aboundance of M e lancholicke humors ;but sin ce I came hithe r on this Voyage ,I th anke God
,I haue h ad pe rfe ct h e a lth
,
and fre e d from pa in e and vomiting , h auing a Stom a cke to dige st th e ha rde st a ndcourse st fare , who be fore could not e a tfin e st me a t ; and whe re a s my Stom acke
could on e ly dige st and did re quire suchdrinke a s w as both strong and sta le , n owI can a nd doe ofte n time s drink N ew
Engla nd wa te r ve rie we ll ; and I tha thaue n ot gon e without a Cap for manyye e re s toge the r, n e ithe r durst le aue off
99 th e
N ew-Engla nds Pla nta tion
th e same, haue now ca st away my Cap,
a nd doe we a re n on e at all in th e daytim e : a ndwhe re a s be fore time I cloa th e dmy se lfe with double cloa th e s and thickeWa stcoa te s to ke e pe m e warme
,cue n in
th e Summe r time,I doe now goe a s thin
clad a s any , on e ly we aring a light Sta ffeCa ssocke vpon my Shirt
,a nd Stufi
’
e
Bre e che s of on e th ickn e sse without Linings . Be side s I haue on e of my Childre ntha t w a s form e rly most lame n tably h andle d with sore bre aking out of both hishands a nd fe e t of th e King
’s—e uill,but
sin ce h e cam e hithe rh e e is ve ry we ll oue rh e was
,and the re is hope of pe rfe ct re
coue rie shortly eue n by th e ve ry wholesom n e sse of th e Aire
,a l te ring , dig e sting
a nd dry ing vp th e cold and crude humours of th e Body : a nd the re fore I th inkeit is a wise course for a ] cold com ple c
tion s to com e to take Physick in N ew
Engla nd: for a sup ofN ew-Engla nd’sAire
is be tte r the n a whole draught of old
Engla nd’s Ale . I n th e Summ e r time in
th e midst ofyuly and A ugust, it is a goodde a le hotte r the n in old Engla nd : and in
Win te r ffa nua ry and Februa ry are muchcolde r as the y say : but th e Spring and
Autum n e are of a middle tempe r.Fowle s of th e Aire are ple n tiful ] he re ,
and of all sorts a s w e haue in Engla nd a s
1 00 fa rre
N ew-Engla nds P lanta tion
tha t a gre a t pa rt of win te r th e Plan te rshaue e a te n nothing but roa st me a te of
din e rs Fowle s which the y haue kille d .
Thus you haue he a rd of th e Ea rth,
Wa te r and Aire of N ew-Engla nd, now itm ay be e you e xpe ct some thing to be e sa idof th e Fire proportionable to th e re st ofth e Eleme n ts . I nde e de I th inke New
Engla nd, m ay boa st of this Eleme n t morethe n of all th e re st :for though itbe e he resomewha t cold in th e win te r
, y e t he re w e
haue ple n ty ofFire to wa rme vs,and tha t
a gre a t de a le che ape r the n the y se ] Bille tsand Faggots in London : n ay , allEurope isnot able to afford to make so gre a t Fire sa s N ew-Engla nd. A poore se ruant he retha t 1s to posse sse but 50 Acre s ofLa nd,m ay afford to giue more wood forTimbe r86 Fire a s good a s th e world y e e lds, the nmany Noble m e n in Engla nd can a ffordto do . H e re is good lin ing for those tha tloue good Fire s . And a lthough N ew
Engla nd haue noTa llow to make Candle sof, ye t by th e aboundance of th e Fishthe re of
,it can afford Oyle for Lampe s .
Y e a our Pin e -Tre e s tha t are th e mostple n tiful] ofallwood
,doth a llowvs ple n ty
of Candle s which are ve ry vse full in a
House : and the y are such Can dle s as th eI ndia ns common ly vse , h auing no othe r,and the y are nothing e lse but th e wood of
1 02 th e
N ew-Engla nds P lanta tion
th e Pin e Tre e cloue n in two l ittle slice ssome thing thin ,
which are so full of th em oysture of Turpe n tin e and Pitch
,tha t
the y burn e as cle e re as a Torch . I hauese n t you some of them tha t you m ay se e
th e e xpe rie nce of them .
Thus of N ew-Engla nd’s commoditi e s
,
now I will te l l you of some discom m odi
tie s tha t are he re to be found .
First, in th e Summe r se a son for the sethre e mon ths, yune , 7uly ,
and A ugust, w e
are trouble d much with little Flye s ca lle dMuske toe s, be ing th e same the y are
trouble d with in Lincoln e sh ie re and th e
Fe n s : and the y are nothing but Gn a ts,which e xce pt the y be e smoke d out of
the ir house s are trouble some in th e n ightse a son .
Se condly,in th eWin te r se ason fortwo
mon ths space,th e e arth is common ly cou
e re d with Snow,which is a ccompan ie d
with sha rp biting Frosts, some thingmoresha rpe the n is in old Engla nd, a nd the refore are force d to make gre a t Fire s .Thirdly
,th e coun tre y
-be ing ve ry fullofWoods
,and Wilde rn e sse s, doth a lso
much abound with Snake s and S e rpe n tsof strange colours, and huge gre a tn e sseye a the re are some Se rpe n ts ca lle dRa ttlesnake s tha t haue Ra ttle s in th e irTa ile s,tha t will not fly from a m an as othe rs will ,
1 0 3 but
N ew-Engla nds P la nta tion
but will fly e vpon him and sting him so
morta lly, tha t h e e will dy e within a qua rte r of a n houre afte r
,e xce pt th e pa rtie
stinge d hau e about him some of th e rootof a n H e arbe ca lle d Sn ake -we e d to biteon
,and th e n h e e sha l l re ce iue no ha rme :
but y e t se ldom e fa lle s it out tha t a ny hurtis don e by the se . About thre e y e are s sin ce ,an I ndia n w a s stung to de a th by on e of
them , but w e e he a rd of n on e sin ce tha ttime .
Fourth ly a nd las tly, H e re wan ts a s itw e re good company of hon e st Christian sto bring with th em Horse s
,Kin e and
Sh e e pe to make vse ofthis fruitful ] Land :gre a t pitty i t is to se e somuch good groundforCorn e 85 forGra sse a s any is vnde r th eH e aue ns
,to ly a ltoge the r vnoccupie d,
whe n somany hon e stM e n and the irFamilie s in oldEngla nd through th e populousn e sse the re of, do make ve ry hard shift toliue on e by th e oth e r .
Now ,thus you know wha t N ew-Eng
la nd is,a s a lso with th e commoditie s a nd
discommoditie s th e re of: n ow I will shewyou a li ttle of th e Inhabitan ts th e re of, a ndthe ir goue rnm e n t.
For the ir Goue rnors the y haue Kings,which the y ca l l S aggam ores , som e gre a te r,and some le sse r
,according to th e n umbe r
1 04 ] of
N ew Englands P la nta tion
you some of them for an e xample .
Th e Me n for th e most part liue ide ly,the y doe n othing but hun t and fish : the irwiue s se t the ir Com e and doe a ll the irothe r worke . The y haue little Houshold
stuffe , as a ke ttle , and some othe r V e sse ls like Traye s, Spoon e s, D ishe s and B aske ts .The ir House s are ve ric l ittle and
home ly, be ing made with sma l l Pole spricke d in to th e ground, a nd so be n de da nd fastn e d a t th e tops
,and on th e side s
the y are ma tte d with Boughe s and cou
e re d on th e Roofe with Se dge and old
Ma ts,and for the ir be ds tha t the y take
the ir re st on ,the y haue a Ma t.
The y doe ge n e ra l ly profe sse to likeWe ll of our com m ing and plan ting he re ;pa rtly be cause the re is abundan ce of
ground tha t the y cannot posse sse normakevse of, and pa rtly be cause our be ing he e rewill be e a me an e s both of re lie fe to themwh e n the y wan t, and a lso a de fe n ce fromthe ir En emie s , whe rewith (I say ) beforethis P lan ta tion be gan , the y we re ofte nindange re d.
For the ir re ligion ,the y doe worship
two Gods, a good God and an e uillGod :
th e good God the y ca ll Ta ntum ,and the ir
e uillGod whom the y fe a re will doe th emhurt
,the y ca ll Soua ntum .
1 06
For the ir de a ling with vs, w e n e ithe rfe a re them nor trust them, for fourtie of
ourMuske te e re s will driue fiue hundre dof them out of th e Fie ld . We vse themkin dly
,the y will come in to our House s
som e time s by ha lfe a douz e n or ha lfe a
score a t a time whe n w e are at victua ls,butwill a ske or take nothing but wha t we
gine them .
We purpose to le arn e the ir languageas soon e asw e can
,which will be a me an e s
to do th em good .
Of tbe present condition of tbe Pla ntation,
Whe n w e came first to N ebum beé, we
found about ha lfe a score House s,and a
fa ire House n ewly built for th e Gou
e rnor, we found a lso aboundance of
Corn e plan te d by them,ve ry good and
we l l liking . And w e brought with vsabout two hundre d Pa sse nge rs and P lan te rs more , which by common con se n t ofth e old Plan te rs we re all combin e d toge the r in to on e Body Politicke , vnde rth esame Goue rnor.
The re are in allof vs both old and n ewPlan te rs about thre e hundre d
,whe re of
two hundre d of them are se tle d atN ebum
beb,now ca lle d Sa lem :And th e re st haue
1 07 plan te d
N ew-Engla nds Pla nta tion
plan te d th e m se lue s at Ma sa tbulets B ay ,be ginn ing to build a Town e the re whichw e e doe cal] Oberton
,or Cbarles Town e .
We tha t are se tle d a t S a lem make wha thaste w e can to build House s
, so tha twithin a short time we sha l l haue a fa ireTown e .
We haue gre a t Ordnance , whe rewithw e e doubt n ot but w e e sha ll fortifie our
se lue s in a short time to ke e pe out a pote n tAdue rsary . But tha t which is our gre a te st comfort, and me an e s of de fe n ce aboueall othe r, is, tha t we haue he re th e trueRe ligion and holy Ordin an ce s of AI
migh tie God taught amongst vs Th anke sbe to God, w e e haue he re ple n ty of
Pre a ching , and dilige n t Ca te chiz ing ,with strickt a nd care ful ] e xe rcise
,and
good and comme ndable orde rs to bringour Pe ople in to a Christian conue rsation
with whom w e e haue to doe w ith all.
And thus w e e doubt not but God will bewith vs
,and if God be witb us, wbo ca n be
aga inst us
Here ends M a ster Higgeson’
s Rela tion of
[ 1 08 ]
N ew-Eugla nds P la nta tion
we ll, and those tha t are bre dd he re fa rrgre a te r the n those with you in Eng lan d .
V in e s doe grow he re ple n tifully lade nwith th e bigge st Grape s tha t e ue r I saw ,
some I haue se e n e foure in che s about,so
tha t I am bold to say of this coun trie , a sit is common ly sa id in Germ a ny of Hun
ga ria , tha t for Ca tte ] , Com e,andWin e it
e xce lle th . We haue many more hope ful ]commoditie s he re in this coun trie , th ewhich time will te a ch to make good vseof: I n th e me an e time w e e abound withsuch things which n e xt vnde r God doe
make vs subsist,a s Fish
,Foule
,D e e re ,
and sundrie sorts of fruits,as musk-mi]
lion s wa te r-m illions,I ndia -Pom pions, I n
dian-Pe a se B e an e s, 85 many othe r oddefruits tha t I cannot n ame ; all which aremade good and ple a san t through thisma in e ble ssing ofGod
,th e h e althfuln e sse
of th e coun trie which far e xce e de th all
pa rts tha t e ue r I haue be e n e in : I t is obse rue d tha t few orn on e doe he re fa ] sicke ,vnle ss of th e Scuruy tha t the y bring fromaboard th e Ship with them,
whe re of Ihau e cure d some ofmy compan ie on e lyby labour . [Thus making an e nd of an
impe rfe ct D e scription , and comm i ttingyou to God, 8CC.
A C a talogu e of such n e e de ful]
th ings a s on e ry Pla n te rdoth or
ough t to prouide to go to N ew
Eng la nd
a s n ame ly for on e m an, which be ing
double d , m ay se rue for as many as
you ple a se , ‘viz .
V ictua ls for a whole ye e re for a m an ,
and so afte r th e ra te for more .
8 B usbels of m ea le . 1 Ga llon of Oy le .
2 B usbels of p ea se . 2 Ga llons of Vinegar.
2 B usbels of Otem ea le . 1 Firkin of B utter.
1 Ga llon of Aquavita’.
Appare ll.
M onm otb Cap . 4 P a ire of Sbooes .
Fa lling bands . 2 P a ire of Sbe ets .
Sbirts . 7 Ells of Ca nua s to
Wast-coa t. m ake a bed a nd boul
Suit of Cannose . ster.
1 P a ire of B lankets .
Suit of Clotb. 1 Course Rug .
P a ire of Stockings .
Arm e s .Arm or complea t. 1 B andilier.
Long p eeee . 20 P ound of P owder.
60 P ound of L ead.
1 P istol"a nd Goose sbat.
Toole s .
B road Howe . 1 B road Axe .
N arrow Howe . 1
[ 1 1 1
N ew-Engla nds P la nta tion
1 Ste ele Handsawe . 1 Gim blet.
1 sawe .
1 Ha mm er.
1 Sbouell.
1
2‘ Augres .
4 Cbissels .
2 P ersers stocked.
H oushold im ple m e nts .
1 I ron pot. 1 Sp it.
1 K ettel. Wooden Pla tters .
1 Disbes .
1 Gridiron . Spoons .
2 Skellets .
Spice s .Cinnam on.
P epp er. Nutm egs .
M ace .
A lso the re are diue rs othe r things n e ce ssary to be e take n oue r to this Plan ta tion
,
as B ooke s, N e ts , Hooke s and L in e s ,
Che e se , Bacon ,Kin e , Goa ts, 8CC.
2 Frowes .
1 Ha nd-B ill.
1 Grindstone .
1 P ie/eaxe .
N ay les of a ll sorts .
P emm ayguid. S . I obns town e .
M eeada eut. Dunba rton.
P ennobssot.g
Low m ounds .
M onabiga n. B arties I le s .
M a tina ek. Willowbies I les .
Haugbtons I le s .
Butwhosoe ue r de sire th to kn ow as muchas y e t can be discoue re d, I aduise themto buy Captain e yobn Sm itbs booke of
th e de scription ofN ew-Engla nd-in Folio ;
and re a de from F0] . 20 3 . to th e e nd ; and
the re le t th e Re a de r expe ct to haue fullcon te n t .
SOME BRIEF COLLECTIONS
N ew Englands Pla nta tion
would . 2dly , Those tha t come first spe e dbe st h e re ,andhave th e privile dge ofchoosing choice pla ce s of habita tions . L ittlechildre n of 5 ye a rs ould m ay by se ttingcom e on e mon th be able to ge t the ir own ema in te n an ce abundan tly . Oh Wha t a
good worke might you tha t are rich dofor your poore bre thre n
, to h e lpe themwith your purse s on e ly to conve y themhithe r with the ir childre n and familie s
,
whe re the ym ay live as we l l both forsouleand body as any whe re in th e world . B e
side s the y w i ll re compe n se th e cost byhe lping to build house s and plan t yourgroun d fora tym e ; which sha l l be dithcult worke at th e first
,e xceptyouhave th e
h e lpe of many hands . Mr. Johnson out
of L in colnshire and many othe rs, havehe lpe d our godly christians hithe r to beemployed in the irworke , for a while , andthe n to live of th emse lve s . We have h e reabout 4 0 goa ts thatgive milke , and asmanymilch kyn e ; w e have 6 or 7mare s and anhorse , and do e ve ry day e xpe ct th e coming ofha lfa score mare smore
,a nd30Kyn e
by two shipps tha t are to follow us .7 Theytha t come le t them bring ma res, kyn e ,and sh e e pe as many as the y can : Ire landis th e be st pla ce to provide sh e epe , and lye sin th e way . Bring none tha t ar
’
e in' lambe ,
normare s in foa le ; for the y afe in more1 1 8 dange r
N ew-Englands Planta tion
dange r to pe rish at se a . Of all trade s carpe n te rs are most n e e dful, the refore bringa s many a s you can . I twe re a wise courseforthose of abilitycs to joyne toge th e randbuy a shipp for th e voyage and othe rm e r
ch andiz e . For th e gove rn our would tha tany m an m ay employ his stocke in wha tmerchan dise s h e ple as e , e xce pting on lybe ave r skins
, wh ich f th e company ofm er
chan ts re se rve to th emse lve s, and th e m an
aging of th e publique stocke . I f any be
of th e m ynde to buy a shipp my cousinNowe ll’s 8 coun se l] would be good . A lsoon e Mr. [Be e che r] a ve ry godly m an and
th e maste r of th e ship we we n t in ,and
likewise on e Mr. Grave s th e maste r’sma ite dwe lling in Wapping m ay he re instaund you in ste ad . Th e payme n t of th etransporta tion ofthings is won drous de a re ,as 51 a m an a nd 1 01 a horse and common ly3 1 for e ve ry tuun e ofgoode s : so tha t a little more than willpay forth e pa ssage willpurcha se th e posse ssion of a ship foralltoge the r .No m an ha th or can have a house
buil t for him he re unle sse h e come s himse lfe , or e lse se nd se rvan ts be fore to do itfor'h im . Itwas an e rrour tha t I now pe rce ive both in m yse lfe , and oth e rs did concoivo by not rightly unde rstanding th e
m e rchaunts me an ing . For we thought1 1 9 ] tha t
N ew-Englands Pla nta tion
tha t all tha t put in the ir mon e y in to th ecommon stocke ; should have a housebuilt for th em , be side s such a portion of
th e land ; but it was not so . The y sha llin de e d have so much land a llotte d tothem wh e n the y come to take posse ssionof it and make use of it
,but if the y will
have house s the y must build them . I n
de e d w e tha t are min iste rs, and a ll th e
re st tha t w e re e n te rta in e d and se n t ove rand ma in ta in e d by th e re st of th e com
pany,a s the ir se rva n ts, for such a tym e
in such employme n ts,all such are to
have house s built them of th e com yan
ie s cha rge and no othe rs n or othe rwise .
The y tha t put mon e y in to th e stocke ,as the y do a good worke to he lpe forwards so worthy a plan ta tion
,so all th e
gayn e the y are like ly to h ave , is according to th e in cre a se of th e stocke a t 3ye ars e nd, by th e trade of be ave r, be side sth e lands which they sha ll e njoy whe nthe y will .All tha t come must have victualls '
with
them for a twe lve mon th , I me an e the ymust have m e ale
,oatm e ale and such like
suste naunce of food, til l the y can g e ttin cre ase of com e by the ir own e la bour .For
,othe rwise , so many m ay come with
out provision at th e first, as tha t our sma l lb e ginn ings m ay not be sufl
‘icie n t to m a in1 20 tayme
INDE"
I NDE"
Cowcastle (Eng ) , 62 .
Cowe s (Eng ), 6 3 .
Crabs, 2 8 , 97 .
Cucumbe rs, 2 5 , 94 .
Currants, z 5 , 94 .
Cush, 2 8 , 97 .
Cypre ss tre e s, 26, 95 .
Dartm outh (Eng ) , 1 1 3 .D e ath of child, 66 , 76 of
sa ilor, 75 .De e r, 26 , 27 , 9 5 , 96 .Dog fe ll overboard , 69 .Dorche ste r ( Eng ) , 59 , 60,
1 1 7 .Ducks ,Dunbarton , 1 1 4 .
Dye stuffs, 26 , 9 5 .
Eagle , 3 1 , 1 0 1 .
Ede nborow , 1 1 3 .
Education, 4 1 .
Ee l s, 2 8 , 97 .
Ende cott, Gov . , 5 , 79 .
Fa lmouth , 1 1 3 .
Fa st kept, 67, 7 1 .
Filbe rts , 2 5 , 94 .
File s, 2 3 , 9 1 .
Fir tre e s , 26 , 9 5 .
Fire s in New England, 3 2 ,1 0 2 .
Fish , 27, 96 , 1 2 1 .
Fishing ne ts , 2 8 , 97 .
Force , Pe te r, 8 .
FourS isters (ship), 60, 1 2 5 .
Foxe s , 26 , 9 5 .
Ge e se ,Ge orge (ship) , 60, 79 .
Gibs , Mr. 66 .
Glouce ster, 1 2 5 .
Gnats , 3 3 , 1 0 3 .
Goats , 2 3 , 60, 9 2 , 1 1 8 .
Gods, I ndian , 3 6, 1 06 .
Goffe , Mr. , 69 .
Goose berrie s, 78 .
Gove rnor’s house , 3 6 , 1 07.
Gra in , 2 5, 9 3 .
Gram pus , 2 7, 96 .
Grape s, 2 5 , 94 , 1 1 0 .
Gra ss , 2 3 , 9 2 .
Grave s , Mr. , 1 09 , 1 1 9 .
Grave se nd ( Eng ) , 6 1 .
Gum , 26 , 9 5 .
Haddock,2 8 , 97 .
Harbors , 2 7, 96 .
Haughton’s I sle s , 1 1 4 .
Hawke s, 3 1 , 1 0 1 .
He a lth in New England, 29,99Herbs , 2 5 , 94 .
Herring , 2 8 , 97 .
Higginson , Rev. Francis, 51 1 , 54 , 1 1 7, 1 2 5 ; fam
ily of, 7 ; he a lth of, 29 ,
8 1 , 99 ; sickne ss of child,30 , 6 5 , 1 00 agre em entwith, 5 1 se a journal of,5 7 ; sails from England,59 dea th of child , 66lands at Neihum kek, 79sea sickne ss of Wife , 8 1le tter to friends at Le ice ste r, 1 1 7 .
Higginson, Mary, 6 3 , 65 .
Higg in son , Samuel, 6 5 ,6 8 .
Hogs , 2 3 , 27, 92 , 96 .
Horse s, 2 3 , 3 4 ,
1 04 , 1 1 8 , 1 1 9 .
Household im plements , 1 1 2House s , 1 1 9 .
House s of I ndians, 3 5, 1 06 .
Hull , 1 1 3 .
[ 1 30 ]
I NDE"
Hun garia , 1 09 , 1 1 0 .
Hutchinson, Gov. Thomas,1 1 , 1 2 5 .
I ce berg, 72 .
I ndian s, purchase corn , 24 ,
9 3 ; dye s use d by, 26 ,
9 5 ; lights use d by, 3 2 ,1 02 ; killed by a rattlesnake , 3 3 1 04 Sagamore s of, 3 4 , 1 04 ; numbe r of, 3 4 , 1 9 5 ; de
stroye d by th e plague , 3 4 ,4 7, 1 05 ; unable to use
all th e land, 3 4 , 1 0 5 ;have no se ttle d place s , 3 4 ,1 05 pe rsonalappe arance ,3 5 , 1 05 ; clothing, 3 5 ,1 05 we apons, 3 5 , 1 0 5 ;utensil s, 3 5 , 1 06 house s,3 5 1 06 ; approve comingof Englishme n, 3 5 , 1 06 ;re ligion, 3 6 , 1 06 ; language , 3 6 , 1 07 ; title to
land, 4 6 ; place name s,1 1 3 .
I pswich, 1 1 3 .
I sle ofWight, 6 2 .
John son, Mr. , 1 1 8 .
Jun ipe r tre e s, 26 , 9 5 .
K en ebe cka , 1 1 3 .
Land, abundance of, 3 4 , 3 5 ,Le athe r, 26 , 9 5 .Le e ks, 2 5 , 94 .Le ice ster ( Eng ) , 6 , 1 1 7 .
I e hh , 1 1 3 .Lincolnshire (Eng ), 1 1 7,1 1 8 .Lions, 26 , 95 .
Lion’s Whe lp ( ship ) , 60,
6 1 , 66 , 73 , 74 , 76 .Liverwort, 2 5 , 94 .Lobsters , 28 , 97.London ( Eng ), 59 .
Mackere l], 27, 96 .
Marble , 2 3 , 9 1 .
Marble -harbour, 2 3 9 1 .
Margate ( Eng ), 6 1 .
Martins, 26, 95 .
Massachuse tts, 1 1 3 .
Massachuse tts B ay , 2 2 , 90 .
Ma ssachuse tts B ay , se ttleme nt at, 3 7, 1 07 .
Ma ssachuse tts B ay Company, 6 .
Masts, 26 , 95 .
Matinack, 1 1 4 .
M averick, John, 1 2 5 ,Mayflower (ship), 60, 1 2 5 .
Me cadacut, 1 1 4 .
Me e re , Mr. , 64 .
Me lons , 1 1 0 .
Me tin acus, 1 1 4 .
M ilk, 2 3 , 92 .
M ineral s, 2 3 , 9 1 .
Molke , 26 , 9 5 .
Monah igan , 1 1 4 .
Moose , 26 , 9 5 .
Mosquitoe s, 3 3 , 1 0 3 .
Mulbe rrie s , 2 5 , 94 .
Mulle t, 2 8 , 97 .
Musse ls, 2 8 , 97.
Name s of place s , 1 1 3 .
N eihum kek, 78 , 79 , 1 1 3 ;se e a lso Salem .
N ew England, 2 1 , 8 9 ; soil,1 09 ; mine ral s , 2 3 ,
9 1 ; growth of ve ge table s,2 5 , 9 3 ; woods , 26 , 9 5 ;w ild be asts , 26 , 9 5 ; fish ,
[ 1 3 1 ]
I NDE"
27, 96 ; air, 29, 9 8 ; se a
sons, 30 , 1 00 ; birds, 3 1 ,w inters, 3 3 , 1 03 unoccupied lan d in , 3 4 , 1 04 ;
condition of plantation in,3 6 , 1 07 ; re a sons for se t
tling in, 4 1 ; journa l ofvoyage to, 57 ; he althfi11ne ss, 8 2 , 1 1 0 ; clothingfor, 1 1 1 ; arms for, 1 1 1 ;
tool s for, 1 1 1 1 2 1 household implements for, 1 1 2 ,1 2 1 ; place s in, 1 1 3 ; fur
ther emigration to, 1 1 7 ;
cost of transportation to,1 1 9 ; food for, 1 20 .
New-England’s Plantation, manuscript sent toEngland, 7 ; e ditions printed, 7 ; reprinte d, 8 ; bibliographica l de scription , 8 ;ce nsus of known copie s,1 0 facsimile of first edition , 1 7 ; reprint of thirde dition, 8 7.
Norwich, 1 1 4 .
Nowe l l, I ncre ase , 1 1 9, 1 2 5 .
Nuske t, 1 1 4 .
O ak tre es , 26 , 9 5 .
O atme al, 1 1 1 .
Oil, 3 2 , 1 02 , 1 1 1 .
On ions, 2 5 , 94 .
Otters, 26,Oxford, 1 1 3 .
Oysters , 2 8 , 97 .
Parsnips, 2 5 , 9 3 .
Partridge s , 3 1 1 0 1
Passasaquack, 1 1 3 .
Pe ase , 2 5 , 93 , 1 1 0, 1 1 1 .
Pennobscot, 1 1 4 .
Pe nnyroya l , 25 , 94 .
Pem m ayquid, 1 1 4 .
Pige ons, 3 1 , 1 0 1 .
Pine tre e s, 26 , 3 2 , 9 5, 1 02 .
Pitch, 26 , 95 .
Plague de stroye d I ndians,3 4 : 1 05 :
Plante rs at Ne ihum kek, 3 6 ,1 07 .
Plymouth, 24 , 93 , 1 1 3 .
Portsmouth (Eng ), 6 2 .
Pumpkins, 2 5 , 94 , 1 1 0.
Raspberrie s , 2 5 , 94 .
Rattle snake s, 3 3 , 1 03 .
Rose s, 2 5 , 78 , 94 .
Sagadahock, 1 1 3 .
Sagoquas, 1 1 3 .
St. Johns towne , 1 1 4,
Salem , Landing at, 6 ; nam e ,
2 2 , 3 7, 90, 1 07, 1 1 3 ;harbor, 27, 96 ; we lls, 29 ,9 8 ; house s, 3 6 , 3 7, 1 07,1 08 ; number of se ttlers,36 , 1 07 ; harbor, 79 .
Salmon, 27 , 97.
Sa lt, 2 8 , 9 8 .
Saltpe ter, 26 , 9 5 .
Sandwich , 1 1 3 .
Sa ssafras , 26 , 95 .
Sassanows Mount, 1 1 3 .
Schools of Europe , 4 1 .
Sea sickne ss , 6 2 , 64 .
Se gocke t, 1 1 4 .
She ep, 1 1 8 .
Ships, 60 .
Shuter’s hil l, 1 1 3 .
S ickne ss, 29 , 6 2 , 64 , 99 .
Skate , 2 8 , 97.
Ske lton , Rev. Samue l, 6 , 53 ,54
Smal lpox, 65, 66, 70, 75 .
[ 1 3 2 ]
