TAMBO

TAMBO CALLS FOR ACTIVE SUPPORTsm ärra sioreiga pouc, asifrica:no mistake', be sad. -if the ar~s emarg aga~aat will be taken a mtl an irrevorale cha~e la taken enproofthatllritaiset ciimiag oh be Socialist, alf openy with te f'rest urgestly to all members o tid bhveme - and trog , the Brtoh public-to take ile a~tion to prevent the ta~e L'sio was apenidte at the ABCcr mee eay Aria ast 1 order to preserve its position. leve this ts a very aeroon dage,'Id. .if Vorster ~n Smth feel that an get away with th~s, I am afraid are m fine words that wi11 s them.Sth*y do start or a thay Will=tn. - - - . - - -- -wcw -1n9 js -r Kamer;m ^~u n ~ ernt lumy os15 ortmee ins. delve efter the armns embergo was imposed. Spara part wiii continue to be supplied weil into the1970s.Arms embargo'whm In baet ås Gov~meti l ersu.n p e uwhat eper na a catoolated nnarae ofproblem wil simply fade away vth the~passage dt tåne.Theise politleal ostosadsubstaneto the feer that relaato of the arasgVl - C-A re-mTe Jm rt, er Asso , n u -sith emargo willoes an.Jusi maith e nined the ~e~bpower pesnore lift the arms e~ . rgo. ' ilie Anti.Apartheld Movemeatben urgedgroup nw punhing for n ed to the British Now tt oeems that the lnhy han go the Priue M ~ntaer liss enearly public ea on arm sales to South Ag.rca some way towarda winrg sig ortern von tement, mai tclear that thearms om.it '4Ca~~ täfmhig, be opened fire wi~ the Govmn iliiis nacial Tms argon SounthAfrica tasstillBritlshGovernasthe ~ devalued and British bneas. repored last at that Mr Call a, mentpolicy.me. e rte~ to greatar export-. Chanenor of the Exchequer and Mr Brown. The ävement wrote to the Pr4snMinister n For ein Sooretary. were alin- d to faoor last nm hdi n hin that becommitted,V orter fo.nd Barltaln' an tloss m eaaore a m o ~if icat l of the sa m s cm ~a . F orr- G n z = th ir1o'.tForagln t Bliodesia and the South A~rican arma er this und~btadly tnspred roport ax rAnt. =meeting t 1963. em bargo w ere . 'l u ' ry'. 'G iven B ritain's ' t lains, ' South A frican arm a order woald f 'i l er pint ed t a th i7 ?r i m e d f al ndeonmic erlin , these are t~ hsd Brl'W eaqorlad lisdlliulthat. tor that for blm ta revive the distinctlon lux~rie it am 1im0ger afford', ~s u m pbe m d nop es pstion, en well en wilihthe Conservalve Cioveromeososglttoso convinced to the South Åtria regime enoraging South Afrcanco.operatiointhe idruw betwees 'armaslikely to be ead for that it wil succeod In lts pressures on the' s~arh for a settlemest with the Smithpurposes of biteroa sappresslon and other W flson govert~ that the Minister of regime In Shodesla. Theeloswoe of the arma was =areal and Irrelevant. "heSouth Ftanmce. fllowing a r enat visit to London. SuezCanal given added lmportane to elose African retat c lflct ban atread beeone Said: 'the e0mbargoon thespy of arms polltal and miltary relations with the. an internatlonal confliCt', wrote S. Abdal wi sios belifted, South Atrican aidhrities. the Hory Secrntayile ~Con t o ati n alolicaatly tab ie Dal lEp e ss renort tht the Tet A d ~e at from ever'f~s esaon co nbd cded that are In ose toah with South Africa andhave orga~tlon inluding AÅM,wll see theT ~a A sthet iian tatn which fountheSnuS trica tho es'optims- Foreig ~ Sretaearly inDe enber.

nimport terrorist acta against South Africa tim abs~ the prospecia of a newarmda4., Meaw~l in the Bsisi ofComonsm, am] ~d not be aold arma and anun tlo'. Tes gathr pressures en Mr Wlnon'la a letter to MissAL Quaws, a memher.ar the SoiA a~~~n agrth " revie are succeeding to the e~tet that Britain. of AAM, Goronwy Roberts,inister of Statei ag r a k the r a s m e~ans aear theSouihAr mli.. attasFarsgO flnea, has ritated that 2hesc on Sm ica, mathed by n tary presence In RbhdesLa. arm eargu sada. 'e Minster of Dearmae~bag on the Independei Atrinan Wilam odgers, Unar-Sereta i0State fne for EIpment Br Mason.toldAndrem state. for Foreign Affars träd Frank Hloley .NP Faulds ta Parliamet lastm^th - reiter.Thetimegof these pressures is cruoisliy last modthat Britain will mi tring this etfintat tthis t, we tandb~the related to thite Souh African decsin to quaestton before the Se rCoalj, deela ti N riesuoatud og Jun,18, 1964. wkickbannedtalm o ciin the andre reg of ha~ bad 'no formel at ly' ~ rom Sotå all alma to Smuk Africa.'Aou fern Aica. Africa to protests made two mooths ego. To make ne that this remaimeposlawent Så~~ 1ey t ~oa the Anfl-Apartbed eeat eonla~~~~" ur!sal ostr'ei~rtn on all Nos suppiorters, and att who cgpoaeontracia worth mlloons and niilia of kt BriteJ will not beconse ioIVd In a aparthe ingt to see fresnonurancesmra a . w o l l l ocad o n o o n ta to n w u S o u th A ffi c o0 ~ e n - f o hraada'. to~ ~ ~ 'P~ from the Goverameat that it wll sst se.Iels African pr.aatld y om-ages the apartheid rulers ta con cm c it Will e*= t aronta Britain h as not been l dve I . _isN aa p-l :_ .siawithe ~ ma e sisai o t h t . t a ll a rm e tdp esonto e l pOrt for Ib e req lr m eta. The se - . esa ta n g troop a he colsa . Africa u d th at i will tak .ert ate .111~ Nltos Etport ~1nodla ~ne Til. abdicati.n of 'rspnnsoälti remove, steps inpt- PcI 5 Afrifab~ep from'Janda ,.i& tK.Sa AMran Trådo . .... ., -. . ~~~1 -.,. - ~~.. ~..i.a9 do not belleve.' be said, ~that there is ary truth whatever i. te~e rport. ere mey be some wiskiul thinkagThere la no way In which aay Afrlean Commsnweath ce tiT could camproise m the NIBMAR esan- andwe have no svde w ~tevertha of them wish to do so, for sa,quanltle of alleged 'aid'. = t n. you ma begis to take thene rportaserlously ohen ond if ymi hear nOm f othe African governments In questi saylngthese t themselves.And that will be never.So far, e the Britsh Goverment have not dared make mo' sgestäm d ~rectl.I hope that this rhl~cuss I en~-g.up' caanaln will bo treated a the propaganda tha It ?is.i h ne sd that 1568 cauld weltas a Seolatve year in Britain's foreintoward Africa. 9hpe it Willt bem red by a sell-oÉ to white iuterests in Southern Africa. I believe that Ifmambers af the A -Apar d bovemont ma helptoprevent such a devetopent. they wil be help to save theiroantry from a eorwse which is not ~nly dis~hOnooable - but which will be in the end be disaatzos to herom itatrss.'~asIsde'JOHN HATCHon nationalismWILFRED BRUTUISon jaibJACK HALPERNon Rhodes-iaRAYMOND KUNENEALAN UROOKSonsouth West Africa

ANTIl-APARTHErID NEWS Dasonk.197 laig2Six point plan from massiverallyNOISY HECKLERS at the South Africa/Rhe. desta meeting * London's Central Hall, Westminster,onNovember l4lentexeinremt to the proceedings and added to the success of the evening. If this was theirintention, they should be t wriked, wrtes NodiaFowler.The meetog. joontly arranged by the AntiApartheid Movemet, the Africa Bureau. the btoemet for ColonialFreedom, and the United Nations Association, was held to pitpoint the Isues involved in Brital's attitudetowards Rhodesia and Sooth Africa. Introducing the evening's speakero, the chairman, David Steel MP,Presideot o thoAnti-Apartheid Moveent, stressed the serIonsness of the situatlee created by the 'unhoyeallince I southrnAfrica. lnordercomket e -llastt mentf of the white supzremacist bloc clear to everyone present, he read extractsfromtheTerrorism Act which applies to Sooth adSouth WestAtrica and was made retrospeciveto 1962. This act'legalises' aritiary arrest and Indefinite secret detention. Convictions cen r~agefrom five yearsImprisonment to the deathpenaly.The first speaker. Jereny Thorpe, the Liheral Party leader, pointed to the filre of the governmt's policy InRhodesia. Negotiaions could achieve nothing, now orin the future. Smith could never he treated. Ifthe British Government lacked the courage Aerew Fald1 hP, tasig over-from Sir A collecton to helpraise fnds for theto take effective measures it shold tel the egle Foot who was n let attend, men- good wrk brooght to ahot£200.rcans that they favetorelyo themetves. t w DI= the alarmng runmur that the govern- The fourogandnations sponsoring the Rev. T. fros the Internattonal ment as re-coRadering the arm embargomeeting publisheda =sptntplenforBritshDepartment of the British Couonil of against Soth Africa. It was part of a deal: Government action toalleviate the Rodesian Churches, outlined the Church's attitude. Sooth Africa ens to brto pressure en Smithsituation. They felt the expulsion of the 'Chrstian social roncept,' he sal, ows and rein re the emagowould, at least in South African forces fromRhodesia shouldhe of n difference of cioor r race. Where part,he lifted. This constiated a shockhng ensured, and that there should he Requesition dtfferenre of educationor status ex~st the betrayal of the Africans who wosdd bethe of lifting the ar s embargo imposed onChristian has the duty to overcome them.' recipients of this military hardware. If thi South Africa. Theycalled for immediate Caon Coilino, Presidentoftheninal rumsur proved true everything hadtobedonesteps to obilize support for more effective Defeace ard Aid Food, stressed the fact that to prevent thisshamefal deal from going interntlni actiOw to aupport of Security violane always v ioen p e oththrotso. Council resolutions on mandatory sanctions,African regionals violent supress= of all and fr a tightening up of the UKGovernwho oppose it would lead to the very worst, .PocefuI methods ment's own sanctionspolicy. TheGovernmentnamely a third world war on rectal linesf rcsih ld urge suspension of all postal andif . just settenwens eat forthcsing. There were moments when one codd he tlgrphc to andfromHis particular task, he said, was ahumanit heard a pin drop, nattntivelydidtheaudi- Rhdesi. Finalythelorganlatinsproposed arian one: to see that enemies ofaparthoid ence listen to Oliver Tamb, the actingthattheGovernmentshiud stadfirmonth In South Africa had a fair trial nd that their President of theAfricanNationalCongrestf pledge not to grant independence to Rhodesia families were maintained.South Afrsca. For 50 years Africans hod without majority rule.Nicholas Cttaiga of ZAPU called upon "fought oppression, he said. Peaceful methds Zambian PresidentKenneth Kaminds supBritain to intervene hRhedoesial.terventoo had bes met with violence. Now theturnlng ported the organsations in this plan in a, was in the interest of the whites in that pontw had come,said Mr Tambo. The African message to the meeting. His cable -read: coantry. 6We are now resolved towe the had picked op the gun he laid down 50 years 4On Occasion of joint meeting of Antiforce that theBritish have refused to use In age. This wau ot just omething to attract Apartheid Movement, AfricaBureau, Movequelling the rebellion.' attention, but a historical develope.s 'The mont forCoioniniFreedomandUbltedNafons

Is it right that 200,000 while people should British Government, perhaps in contrast to Association, onbehaf ofthepeopleofZarnbt try to perpetUate white Minority rulee the British people, does not wantthesolon and on n own ehaf, I send you sincere asked Humpsry Berkeley, former Conserva. Africanswant. No African in Zimbahwe has congrainlation for the joi meeting. Those ive ldP. White resitance tomajority rate been consulted about the fuinre of his varioo orgendsations and their leaderspast had othingt do with African advancement, coutry.' Mr Taho soid: 'Those who agree and present, have done so machto bring to but a great deal to do with the e of with e must support n actively, if the the attention of thewhole world the colonialperson who left England becaue he coold British people do net force their goverment question,espcialyinAfrica.Oursupportfor ot make the grade and chose Rhodesla to support us, the government willbe forced the Principlesonwhichyourorgansations are to get the easiest living he could find in the to come-n by the fighting and might be founded rests inourpolicyofhamanismwidch work.ranged on the wrong side.' empasises non-raciism'.Will foow shotl afterwards, withtHoyNeow group: mi:SurreyNew group erkeley, Ron Treasurer of the UK Com uritytee for Human Rights Year, us chairman,TENEW otaponAAM got off to a An ecumenical service will be hold inbusinesslike start last month attheinaugural Westminster Abbey on December I0 at 3pmi, THEANNIVERSARY of Rhodesia's UDI was metig addressed by Wilfred Brutus. ft. at which the Archbishopof Canerbury will attended by a spate of activity on the pat days afler is arrival straight from house preach.Lord itchie C=ldr will give the of Surrey Anti-Apartheid Movement. last arrest in South Africa. Officersand an first BG Wells Annual Memorial Lecture month, A public meeting to Epsomnddressedexecutive committee were elected from the on Human Rights, at the Conway Hall, WC I, by Beg Austin,from Rlhdesla, and David tlrty people at the meeting, all representa- on December 7 at 6.30 pmn.Winnick MP for Croydon was followed nexttives of, or to close touch with, other To mark Human Rights Day for South day, November 11, byan outdoor publiclocal orgaonations. The committee im i.s Africansr so many of whom are denied inyJ meeting atKingston. Surrey members also ately estaished three workingsub.comit.." a programme Of 'voicesfromSouth Africa responded. strenuously in counter-aclion to, tees to deal with politicalprlsoners, politicalIsbeng arrage= for Friday December 8 at the local Angio.Rhodesta (pro-Smith) and educatioral work andrace relations in the Caxton7Hlat7.30 pm. society's events to mark the secondaoiver.Souotamplon itself. sary of UDLConfronted cb the Doring Comsittee Iswith local Pro-Smith Sympthiers,oldng a pblic meeting on The Colour he e co f the Sou n Echo, ftCd Conflict -i mndgratinn and racism inBritainenvisages a large part of its work beingdone THE CAMBRIDGE University South Africa - to beaddressed by John Williamson, at in the dock areas of the town, which have Committee arranged asuccessfl 'Confron, the Methodist Hall, South Street. Dorking. large direct shipping links withSoothAfrica. tation Meetig on November 17 In the On December 9 the Surrey Movement is Thecommittee plans, among other things, a University Union. holding a Jumble Sale at the ipFHall,series of lectures in depth on specific The topic was: 'Apartheid, Choice of South West Street, Sutton,Details frorm David aspects of the Ihodesian and Soath African Africa?" and the speakers ware Dr It,Olbdbm, 01-393-5024 or Mrs Culler, VIGproblems. Gruber of the South Africa Fosenation and 3693.Dennis Bruts, Director of the World Camfor the Release of South b ansPilitical Prioners. Bus anRihsRecru its OFGAMITTrsp-toineA SERIES of activities around December NOTTI AM CITY Transportcootiones10, Human Rights Day, will mark the be- to he South African advertising onbusesginning of the British offeosive as behf A mast AAM recr ng campig n will take and tickets under theircontroL Mrs Sybil

of leo righs, which will ho part of the pince thIs month to the Bournenosth area. Whawell. 70 OrsenDrive, Woiaton Fork, world-wid Human Rights Year to 1960. tied to the 'End Colahoraion' campagNolliaam 281033, would like in hear fromThe leaders of all three parliamentory (ame page 5). Readers should contest the all readers andspporters in the urea to partieswilddressameetin theCetral SecretryofBoornansthAAM BrianBln-renewanti-aparheid work In the area in theBall. Westminster enMondayDecemberl11.eharde at his sew ddress: 43 Lytham Road, coming months_with a particular focusA controversial each-in on oman Rights B adtone, Dorset on Humn Shts Year, neat year.Money drain TRADE GROWTH Rugby rumpusA NEW ONSLAUGHT on American banks SOUTH AFRICAN e ports tBrit nsotint THEPROPOSED rugby tour of the UK byinvestlrn in South Africa Is being planned to increase during the first nine months a team from theOrange Free State has by the Committee of Conscience Againt of this year, according to the SouthAfrica/ sparked off a controversy affecting severalApartheid to New York. This in being timed Britain Trade Association. universities.Southampon last month tookto coincide with the renewal in Janary of The Republic's euports to Britain for the the initiative whentheir President eircs the 1968 loan to South Africa, arranged nine months totalled £170.6 million - aninted the presidents of seven other oniversannually by ten US basks throegh the toter- la.ese of £2.9million (15.5 per cent on ties which had provisionel fixtures with naiona onetary Fud. Ar , in Sept- thesame period last year). the nil-white visiting team, urging themember this year, the Mthodist Board of September was the first month since May to cancel thearrangemets.Missions voted to remove its 10 million 1966 that South Africa sold more to Britain At BristolUniversity, students hold a investment portfolio from the First National than she bought.referendum On the Issue narrowly voting netCity Bank if the bank renewed its part of South West Africa coinued to show a toelyanst ontheleth ortnsT e tthe $40 illion consortium loan. favourable trade balance with Britain. Her live of the NewcastleSRC decided not toThe Committee is pressingother exports in the nine months totalled £16.6 press for cancellation ofthe match..Americans, individuals, churches, cn- million against £2 million British imports. At Keterrityt, heRugby Clspanies, and organisatlons of all kinds, to South Africa has compiled a full brief Committee decided todisContinue snegotafolow the Methdistlead. Theyhavepudlished for future diacussions with Erope onSouth lonss abont the flxture. a list oK US banks which do not deal with African export item which theRepublic At University College, London, the UnionSouth Africa. wants protected if Britain enters the Com- instructed the President to pressthe UniThe Comsnittee has alreadyhbeenaaccoaasfol exma kt 1inrw: varsity of London Union to ue)IofireIn gettlag the matter discussed at the annal Next year British Trade missions will visit- The debateatSussexUrldv sdIvdmeengs of two of the major baks, Chose the e at the rate of oneaonth. student opiion. The semi-assinomocSportsM attas and Morgan Garant. Theformer South Africa has an unavourable balance Federation is Infavour of the match, but thefirm bas devoted a great dealof effortit of trade with bth France and Switzerland, Union Counctidecideda gaihst it by 28 votes justityn Its South Africa policy us a resuli according to official statistics for1966. to 6. It Is poasible that the aatch may ho of action taes against it last year to on Kuporis to Francerose that year, bt fell played outside the adversity by 15 students effort at ending is involvement latheSouth to Switzerland. a p to Asia doubled playing as idividualsot s members of the African economy.In the first nine mo s of thi year. Susse Rugby Club.ORIGINAL CARTOONSexhibition and sale of cartoons and drawins from Britain's top cartoonists in aid of the Anti-ApartheidMovement SUNDAY DECEMBER 17 CURWEN GALLERY Colvin Plaue. Charlotte Steet, London W.1

,Open all day - sale at noon.VOICES FROM SOUTH AFRICAA Progrsmm of -e und poetry redin, for Hua Rights G.e CAXTON HALLFRIDAY DECEMBER 8 at 7.30 pm Col1-110e fe the De'e . nd Aid Fund (for poitical prison in SouthernAfrica) Taking parn:Zak Maim. Luws Nkmi, Dennis Brus, Hlkda Benstein. Ale I GumHEAR:Sir Dingle Foot MPGeorge Doughty General Secretary of DA TAFRIDAY DECEMBER 8 HORNSEY CENTRAL LIBRARY London, NJ. at 7.4 pm Arraned ay H mssvAAM snd th, frdendt of De Kine. evering the thIrd yr of his 2O-y=r snas this mont. "ccvr raident o Hornsymemberf DATA.PROTEST MEETING AND VIGILto protest atalst 5be llou Chober of Co.mere Trade isson is Sooth Africa in 1968.Meeting. a FRIDAY, DECO as 7.45 pm in the LECTURE THEATRE of the SLOUGH COLLEGE OFTECHNOLOGY, Willom Stmet, Slough.Speakers: Denns Brutus, Alse sachiu, Stuphoni.Sohs. Alan BrooksDine and Dance at the AmbianceClub, 1 Queensway,London, W.,SUNDAY DECEMBER 17 from 8 fiCabaret with Nadia Cattouse, the Booties15s entrance -dinner and drinks extra in solidarity with theSoutiern Afrian ueill. fgtsers

'I DON'T KNOW why the State desn't extermliate you', saidDrFuchsofSasaiburg Orange Free State, toWilfred Brutus, to GroeoJit jaiL 'Like the Na BsndidteJewe.Dr Fuchs had bees celled to by the alori11es to examine and prescribe for sick prisoners, lie took all thosewith chest complaints, examined one, and prescribed the same medectoe for the rest. Wilfred Brutus toldhim not to bother - asthma tablets wouldn't help his bronchitis. The doctor threatened to get him charged for'endangertig his own health'.Incidents like this help to explain whyWilfred Brutus last October chose to rowout Into the Indian Ocean from the coast of South Africa in theuncertain hope of heing picked UP by a passing ship. He was facing another three-year jail sentence forhaving broken the banning order lmposed on hionthe day he left jail i Sarc this year at the end of his fifteenmonth term. This was also Imposed after breaking a hsaftng order, and spendlng two monthsincommunicado nderthe IS0-day n trial law.Wilfred Brutus did get picked up from hisrowing boat by a passing ship, from Panama, which hore him off to Bahrein. He arrived in Londn lastmonth, and Anti.Apartlaeld Newsasked him how and wh It all happened.'I came out of Jail on March 20 this year',Brutus told us. .i was immediately served with a banning order which kept me at home for 12 hours everysight ad all day Sna,aed in the Wyssherg area far the rest of the day. It forbad me to go near ast educational tstittton, printing orpublishing hoone, or factory. I sed to be a teacher and I couldn'tget asy work'.j ~ DangerousMrs Brutus had an solicited visitora dangerous boniness since her husband was prevented from havtng visitors at home under his baringorder. Five days later Wilfred Brutus was arrested and given the maximum sentence for breaking a baesingorder - three years.Released on boll of £250 pending eppealonAugust 301 Brutus decided he hadhadeogh.Six weeks later, without a word shis wife, he tchlked out of town, picked up the rov a, two bots ofwater and apacet o vilaml pills and rowed out to soea.

'In the excitement I left behind all mycarefuly p'e-packed fond', Brutus said. He styd f sn for two elghts and a day before seeing a panalcg ship,which he sigoalledwith a seirrer.'I used to bo a merchant seasan', Bstssal" i wouldn't recommend novices tochoose say route ot'..The pi took Brutas aboard, agrees toprotet him, end gore him some paid work.On arrival in Bahrein he escorted Bruts to the airport and paid the rest of his air fareto Londos.Like his brother Dennis, new working inLondo as Director of the World Camspaige for the Release of South African Prisoners, Wilfred had aBritish pasport, having been born In Rhodesia. Also like his brother he had served part of his sentence inthe notorious Rebhan Island Jail. The Bruws brothers ore the only south African exiles In London to havespent ise on the island.'Coeditions hae greatly improved sinceDenis was there', Brutus sai. 'And this to thamks entirely to the campaigos for better jail condittoes whichhave been mooted Inside and outside South Africa, by bodies like the Defence and Aid Fund and AntiApartheld'. Following the visit of Red Cross officials to South African jails in 1964,Trial drawsto closeBRUTUS: THE MANWHO ROWEDAWAYcertain concessima were made to poltical prisoners are never issued with lon prisoners. "For instance'.,Brutus said, all trousers', Brutus went on. 4Nor are they politicals can nowwriteandreceiveoneleiter given'hats with brims for protection againt a month, instead of every six months an both eon and rata, such asthe Coloured' before.' risoners get. Coloured prisoner lse get.Despite this restrlction on mail, the log trousers for winter only, lot no/prionChristmas cards sent by peoplefrom ers at all ge umderwear.overseas are treme ustisly appreiated', At Bobhea Island and roenpm jails,Brutus said. The authorities give you a Brutus said, flush lavatories are unknown. choice of which toreceive, and mast peopie Prisoners have a covered bckel in each will pick that from their family. But tocell, which they meet eply and clean know there is a choice, and that you will themselves. see the cards atthe end of your sentence, is They must shower daily. in cold, salt unbelievably good for sorale I was givenwater. lat water is never available. Half a nearly 100 cards wchen I left jail, from gallon of drldcg water isissued daily, Australia, California, Yorkshire - all over', with five ouncet of meat incded in the dietOther improvements concero study every other day. Soup, vegetables and a kind faciltiles. 'The segregatedsection isHbben of coffee form the rest of the meal pattern. Island Jail - jokingly called the' Rivoaia Silk isunknown. section by the warders - conaists of only As the incident we opened with shows, politicalprisoners -those with life sentences medical attenion is of poor quality. Brsus given in the lilvosa trial ofpes4, and other said the smallileqippedhespitaoolihec prisoners cosidered dangerous, Brutus Island. with36 beds, is used tokespocrmlnal said. 'All these e are studyig and unlike prisoners suffering from TB inisolation other prisoners elsewhere in the jail, and in from the other prisoners. Brutus aid: 'It is other Jails,they have tables and chairs at better to imagine yea are not ill'. which to work. This Is thanks to gitatieReferring to working conditlons, Brutus from Nelson Mandela - held in awe by the said that all on-whitepolitical prismers, wara rsa d So matter what their qualifications workedPasSofflcia magaisre= on stoe-qsorrylig. A photo widelypablishedallowed. irotus said that overas j=sa in the overseas press, in 1965 showedNelsonlike the New Statesman and the Economist Mandela sewing mailbags. are nt permitted, despite beingrequired 'Nelson laughed whenl told him I had seen Study far certain corses being undertaken thinpictore', Brutus said. 'He well rememby someprisoners, inclid Nielso Mandela, bered the specialarrangements that had Ahmed Kathrada, Mac 1hharej and Billy been made far the phetographer, howmailNair

ielsehere in Hobbes bags had been provided for the day and how they had been posed sewing. WhitepoliticalIsland jail and In other Jals where Brutus prisoners sew', Brutus sald, 'helno-whites spent time, have towork standing at tables' ip stoes'. run round the wall, as in post offices in ths ti le pin in groupsXcept flrAndrew Moucao, doing a 12-year sentenceitimrvemens there have-bef --in for sa , adNeso andela, who workjail conditions have net exiended to prison ao atthe top and bottom of the quarry. clothing, medicalarrangements Or cleaning Prisoners whe contravene regulatees are facilities however. pat towork I the toneyard, which involvesFollowing the liedCrosstospctiohjail hreaking op two buckets full of stones a day, authorities in liobonIsland agreed to issue for mad surfacing. Aprtsonar eashe charged jerseys for all Mn to wear winler. 'Ht',for not fulfilling his quota of work if he said Brel s, 'these jerseys are infested with doesn't get through therequired amount in lice, so no-ee will wear hem. This way a day. Brutus says this is ofte likely as ilnes,particularly colds lad chest coin- warders provide fauly eqspneet out of plaits, is prevalent. Even In winterAfrieas spite.ONE OF THE 36 South West Africans facg trial to Pretoria seder a law passed after their arrest has beenacquitted. Three others have changed their plea to guilty and, onder the new law, face possible deathseatencesoAmong the accused is Mr John Otto, ActiSecretary-General of the Sth West Africa People's Orgaisation. Another is Mr Jason,Meumbuisa, SWAPO's Secretary for slke Otto of SWAPOExternal Affairs. They are both teachers.Their fellow-accused include farmersipeas- SWAPO in control, but they had never diS.ants, a mechanic ad a clerk. cossed this view with himSome of the eccsed are alleged to have He admitted that after 1963 he and otheraemped to assassinate the headman of a headn had refused to give permission Ikotribe, Mr Ja lae Is ,who was described for SWAPO meetigs as they had feltSWAPOby a witness as a dicator'. He said the members were agitators. From then on. nly b eaedman imposedcorporal investment on matters of domestic adititratton hm nounwomen and 09~a Puishments such s Pulling discussed at tribal meetins.out fisgrnafls and gouging of eyes were In March last year, when he bad been meted in his area.forced to Shoot a tribesmen, Lee Sbpera,i UP to 1963, the witness said, the feeling the people had not complain to him, heof the South West African People's Orgait. said.satkin towards headmen was still friendly. Ishipal said he did not like SWAfO, as Tribesmen had the rightto stand op and ex- its members ware always caunsing tronble.press their views at communal gatherings. If aswyon had criticised apartheid at a tribal After 1963,however, the headmenthreatened meeting, he would have replied, 'This is nt seroan consequences' for anySWAPO a thing Mat came from the Ooverncuet-Godm embe *xpese out.5 evidence for the prosecution, the head- e prosecun case h now cllaos dman, Ishipal, denied that he isposed harsh the tris In et expected to last much longer.pusihments. He said it was fe there had Readers should write to the Miister of Jusbeen twoviewsheldinOvasmboland.Theolder tice, P. Patser, Union Bilings, Pretoria, men had felt that the tribalrulers Should calling for the release of these men. The co-operote with the South African Govern- UN hasrevoked South Africa's mandate ment in the interests of the area's develop- over South West Africa and Isformallymi t. The yonger we had wanted responsible itself for the territory.Independence for South West Africa with 0tee feature page 5).SEVEN GETDEATHDEATH SENTENCES were passed on all sevenfreedom flgtems intherecesg'ierror. ten trial in theSalisbury High Coast. They were given the ultimate penalty on each of three counts,Mr Justice Lewis said in passing sentence that It was the duy of all courts to make it clear that the events ofNovember 11, 1965 (UDI) coid net be sed as an excuse tar the taking of homa lives or for acts of violenceagainst persons or property.

The accused - five Zaps members and two ANC members - were charged with the murders of a private anda corporal of the edesian security forces, andwithpossessinfonive was andmaterials illegally,.beitween os M rces and 22 freedmfighters in August. Thirteen of their fellows were reported hilled in the bastle.By court order the sn ae'o eames have not been made poblie.EIGHTEEN YEARSA 51-YEAR old Africesn Na t Mau saSlyothula, was sentenced to 18 years' inaprisonseet lst month in a Cope Towncourt, for conspiring to attackChief Kalieer Mantandoca, Chief Minister of the TramkeiL He was also found guily on charges ofsabotage, and of inciting members of the Pan Africasist Congress to attack policemen and white Inhabitantsof Ktinmvaba in the Traisket.LawyersstruckoffTHE SOUTH African Government has taken he first steps towards having all listed Comunists struck offthe rolls of attorneys and advocates.Mr Lewis Baker, who is still serving a three-year sentence imposed at the Abram Fischer trial, has aireadybeen struckoffthe roll Of attorneys.ills wife said he had practised at Beonni for 14 years and she did not knew what he would do whoa he wasreleased from jail in sin mnths.TWO Durban attoreys, Mr J.N. Singh and Mr I.C. Steer, have said they will oppose the applicatiobetngsmade tohavethemstruck off the roll. These applications are made by the Seretary of Justice wider anew amendment to the Suppression of Communism Act.Lawyers as a group have suffered partieular difficuities through apartheid. Act lawyer making too regularahahitof defendring political cases finds himself under suspicion and action has been token tinumerouscases. Amongst lawyers now in jail are Nelson Mandela, ad Brain Fischer, both servinglife sentences,Rowley Arenstefo, M.D. Naldon, and Louis MSszaa At least adozenlawyers are in exile as a direct result oftheir experlences nlSouth Africa. They include Oliver Taabo, now Acting President of the African NaonalCongress, wo used to work with Nelsn Mandela, Albie Sachs, Joe Slovo, Wycliff Teni, Dumo Nokwe.Harold Wope. Joe. Joffe, Ruth Heyman, S. Nidon and Mrs iller,WILFRED BRUTUS PIOTURED IN LONDON LAST MONTH TALKS ABOUYTJAIL CONDITIONSIN SOUTH AFRIOA TODAY.ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS Dfaeobe 1967 Peo 3The Rivonia section prisoners work from 7am to 4. pr - half an hor shorter than other prislers, so that theycan be safely back in their isolation block before the other prisoners come back from work.Os their way out In the emrnings, as they march four abreast off to the quarry, all other prisoners, no matterwhat they are doing mast turn face to the wall, so as nat to communicate with them. (The Bivonto men alsomiss ut on film shows, and sport for this reason). On their march, the Rivoia men pass within wavingdistance of the bungalow in which Robert Sobkwe ispassing his lonely life, long after the expiry of hissentence.Brutss said Sobkwe looks well-dressed. 'He is allowed to move about within his bungalow, which hasbacks and other faclties, and the area in which it stands. He may not join other prisoners at all however,does sot work, and has no costact at all with the others. Hisfamily mayvisithimmonthly'.One distuching aspect of parlson life, which has received little attention abroad, is the frequency of changesbrought aganlstprisoners for offending prison regulations.Wilfred Bruts was had up on three occasions during his comparatively short senteace of 15 moeths. Foralleged insubordintion aling to call a warder 'bas'), he was given 16 days on spare diet for alleged'incitemene - that is acting as a apkescas for a prisoner in trouble becaus he dida't Mow the regulations, themagistrate added an extra 40 days to Brutos's sentence, of which 16 were to be spent in solitaryconfinement with spare diet. O the, third ceation, Birts defended himself agei harges of -distoring t anddiscipline of the prison," and was anquitted.Solitary ConfinementBrutus recalls another prisoner In GrossPont jail who refused to take his shirt off until immediately heforetae medical examin. ation for which he was walting. One mnth waS added to his sentence, of which 16days s spent in solitary confn ement on spare diet.On the whole, Brutos says, morale is

s sd t saf, ishecede - aore and more the not so subtlereplaement for actual brutality from wardes, all of whom are armed, to prisoners.Prior to the Red Cross visits and campagss on inmproved conditisos in the jails, Instances of physicalassault on prisoners were much more frequent than they are now. Brutus does not rule such behaviour outaltogether however.'A warder may well gin a blow with the butt of his gun,' he said, 'ard Indeed the Reverend Dan Davies, anapostolic clergyman now doing a ten-year sent-coon lRuben Island, was moved to tureaten a warder withhis pick whes he taw another prasoneer being basntp,'Brutus says that all attempt. whether from Inside South Africa or from withoui, to improve jail cocdilons,can only be helpfsl, since the South African government is sensitive to outside criticism. lie said: 'TeprfSesM_Z &tscraps of news from their visitors, which incledes news of Anti-Apartheid activity in Sosh.Africa and abroad. I aront pay enough tribute for what has been dose here so far,' he added, 'and canonlyurgthatitbe carried on.*

ANTI-APARThEID NEWS Deaember 1987 Pap 4RHODESIA 1JACK HALPERN, former editor of the Central African Examiner; here shows how racism works inRhodesia. both before and since UDI. He draws widely on a new book: Rhodesian Perspective(Michael Joseph, 30s. edited by Theodore Bull).IN SALISBURY, Southern Rhodesian no African 18-year-old first offender was convtcted on three chargesof ttempting i induce people togotothe airport to meet visiting British lMnlsters. Charged tnler the Law andOrder (Maintenance) Act, he was sentenced to nine years jailad could have net been sentenced to less. Forthis Law and Order Actprovides for a minimum sentenceofthreeyars' Imprionment on each charge forpersons coovicted of behaving without lawfil exese -the proof whereof lies on him - for political motives,in a way likely to 'induce soeontarperson to do some act which sachotherperson is not legally obliged todo.' The same sentence is provided for behaviow likely to induce some other person to refrain from doingsome act which suc a persc is legally entitled todo'. One resse for quoting this e could be to eompare whathappened to the 18-year-old African with the sentence drawn snder the same Law and Order (Mallenance)Act by white men charged with threatening a white bontnessman who had inserted a proreferendumadvertisement in a newspaper sayig. 'Smith must go vote Uo.Two white men were found guilty of having written mid posted to this busionessman a letter cotaleng literalis the words 'Ae you tied of livin? Just watch your step you Kaffir. Don't meddle in oar country's affairs.We know your address and willbewatching you.' The two white men were each given suspendedsentences of two months Imprisnmmet. The magistrate found o pro of olitical motive' orWhere, legality isn'porpose bedind the letterwhic theyadmted having writteoIn response to the "Smith must go' advertisement.If one quoted these canes to show how differently the law- the same law- is applied to black snd white in Soshern Rhdsa one should add eta the Rhodesia heral, Salioleoy's onlydaily newspae, wri ye and forw , ommeite edtorially on thefact that at about the same tine two African girls aged between 16 and 18 were each jailed for three yearsfor threatening people who did not hand over government-lssued cardsrecordIng the anti-disease dipping oftheir cattle.To conplete the picture, one would alse have to add that there have been hundreds of similarly fiercesentences on Afca on which the RhedesinHerald has not commented, and that in fart the newspaper sspported theof te Law and Order (Matointesance) Act.However, the best reason for queting these cases is to point out that all this hoppened before UDI - andunder a law passed in 1960 by the supposedly 'liberal' regime of Sir Eigar Wldtehead.The trouble with almost all discussim of 'the Rhodesian problem' in and out of Westminster, Fleet Street,BSoadeasting House and the TV stallos is that it gives the impression that white Se n Rhodesia becameimmoral and racist only with UDL Indeed, a major stumbilog block to a Smith WilsonSmth-Wilson deal has been Wilon's Insistence that the Smith regime must 'return to legalily', even if onlyfor the thirty seecods which It would then take the Governor to ack Smith toorm a 'legal goveramenet'. As

the official record makes clear, the scene for this little tableau was all set on board HIS 'Tiger', leut Smithwouldn't have it.What is hardly ever said, but needs desperately to be said and aldand aidAgain, Is that in Southern Rhodesia pre-UDI legality had nothing to do with Justice.Abre, that ever since Rhodes' picked mercenaries, the Pioneer Colmn, occupid the Country in 1896, letalone since Britain In 1923 gave the handfud of white settlers the choice between Joining South Africa orbeing granted internal self-govere&t the country's lawo and admiestaon have had em constant saderlying -und often beldly proclaimed -purpose: white supremacy and prosperity.This is not to any that Southern Rhodesia has been a carbon copy of South Africa, rather that It bas ben asort of backwater mirror image, on whose surface liberal ripples could be - and were - for a long timestretched so that they seemed to cover quite an extensive area. Successive British governmets neverexercised their veto powers, especially over legislation affecting Africans, and so a fratework basicallysimilar tosouth Africa's was laid.no mar respoets, ft was o eI administered than Big Brother's, ndli mut In falrness be said thatioacceptlegthe it con titution by 41,004 to 21,846 votes (65.8% to 54.2%) whito Southern tlodesanswerefferiageoncesslons whic, by their white lghts, wold have been screligiona belowibe Inwpo. That most 'yen' voteswere cast because the new constittion was sold as the minimum price for a resurgence of investmest and asthe basis for Ildepeodence from Britain is, of coarse, something else. The Rbedesian African leaders finallyreJected the coastitution becase, by Pan.Afrieaaism's black o (as bynrmt-democratic oneal the caoeessons were too little and too late, a blind alley.That Joshua Nkomo and Ndbasinge Sithole -In tose days bofore the split- have never had the disciplined and well organised followg an opposed t mono sopp6r t,to trsnostetheAfricans,16:1 numerical superiority into political power is, once again, something else.To understand what brougftlanSmith & Co. to UDI em needs not only the facts of what went on inSouthern Rhodesia since 1869 but also an aalytial perspective.Rhdeuse Perspective, edited by Theodore Boll of the Central African Examiner, sets oat to meetbothneeds.I most declare my interest at this point as being the editor whom Theodore Bull brought in to make theExaminer firmly liberal and indepedet when he raised the finance to save the paper from folding in 1960.Thus, a number of the articles from the Examiner on whicRhodesinn Perspective draws appeared drg myeditorship, though the majority appeared under that of The Ball himself or uader the final and courageouseditorship of Efleen Haddon.That declared, I feel free to say thatRhodeslan Perspective admirably meats the need for both facts and objective analysis inherent In its title.Here, succinctly put and coveeniendy presented, are the facts about the major aspects of life which havebeen directly relevant to the franchise lad apporlionmet, andusnendthe separate development which theysMed edu. estion, and the conomy. I can only assume that the key subject of heallb has not been Includedbecause it is politically of formal tmnrtance only at em ramove, bet I believe the odssion to be meetunfortsnate. Not only does health affect all other activties; the Examiner has carried critically Informedsurveys oftheracially segre gated health services. The samels true of the churches and misstons.Remarkably, seccessive white Rhodesin legislatures of parish couneil calibre have produced a smallnumber of clear-headed, soundly basedRoport by Selent Committees or Commission on basic Issues suchas land, erbatsation, and educatio Rhedoesian Per-RHODESIA 2Sell-outin timeSO YOU SEE - say Whitehall spokesmen and other government s pporters -soyo see, there nso sell.out,writes Robert Spinger.GCore Thoon cane back from his lien-day visit to Salisbury and saidibat In Smith had toughened his termsfsr a sellener-t ad he asnlkeltintensifying sanctions,Smith, while saying that in his viewa settlement was stillpossible, allowed a prerecorded lindependence arnversary' message to be broadcaston his radio, in which he laid intoBritain quits casssrehenslvely.

But for all this, the-two men stilltentatively agreed that negotiations be-.tween officials should be resuned to sea if a compromise could be found.And Mr Thomso, at a press confer.ence after he returned was at pains to point out that he had not abandonedall hope.He said, in a revealinu phrase: itRHODESIA 3TrackingThomsonOCTOBER 24: Commonwealth Seere.tary George Thomson leaves London by RAF Comet for a tour of sevenAfrican capitals.In Eampala, Thomson haSj briefdiscssion with President Nyerere of Tanzania (with which Britain no longerhas diplomatic reletions).L Ees OltKeo . fheassonstaprensconference, reiterated that force would not be used by Britain in Rhedesia, and that Britain would notsupport UN military interventin. Ho then had a lengthy meeting with Presidenterystta..November 4- Blandir MtlawtThomson also indicated that If there were 'substautial and guaranteeddepends on whether Mr Smith will respond to pressure from South Africa."Now hr Thomson mast know very well thnt soy pressre exerted by South Africa will or be directed topersuading Smith to make coneesiles that could lead to African rule in Rhodesia.Prime toinster Vorstar is far mare likely to pressurise Britain into giving way - and all the weapons heneeds have been generously handed to him by the British Government.The Government have let themselves be convinced that the best way to protest British trade andinvestments in South Africa is to give tacit support to the whites in their bid to fight off African nationalistresistance.Then they have quietly dropped their protest aboutSouth Africanpolice operating is Rhodesi - although thepolice are still there. And there have even been rumours of negotiation to sell some British gseuoats toSouth Africa.It Is illogical for Britain to continue to resist white domination while supPorting the white South Africancause. Meanwhile, sanctions are contino to hurt Britain's econosy while faiing to have anyoliticalimpact inRhodesiea.So any cogent analysis of the facts meet lead to the conclusion thatthere will be a sellout eventually. And itis no kind of a defence merely to point ot that there has not been one yet.changes in Salisury Mr Wilson might then fond only then) discuss possible changes in the NIBMARpledge. He added that so such changes had yet taken Plaee.Thomsoimet Dr Bands at Zomba, then flew on to Zambia.Lusha, Zombias Atawosrlnagdiner, Dr EKsad called on Britain in sponsor comprehensive newmandatorysanctions t the UN.Kauda was clearly worried when he bade farewell to the British Mieter on November 5.Nove ber -. Pretora. Thmon snd Dr Hullerm)et at the British Ambassador's .esdenc in Pretoria for a two-hour Private disassion. The British Mnister declined to reveal details of what was said; Dr Msller expressedhopes that asetiemetweatep e,November 6: A meet - with SirSeretse Ehama in Botswana's capital, Gevenee. P: apossnfrneIntr nd in a rslld ,veythe CommonwealthSecretery coteed that sanctions had sot failed and that slteeshi they 'are sot bringing tieRbedestan eceny to a standstill" outpet was 15% tower than It wooldhave beetld UDl sot beendeclared. Sallsbary: November Sii~h~~clivn to Government House for talks withThomson which lasted for nearly forhad bae cordial satd that he found his visitor the most resonable- British minister he had ever met.

BOre lvigSlsu on Noemher 10 Thomso revealed at a pressconference that fresh points of diference haddeveloped sila the Tigerhems setpin briefly at Laseck, Nairobi, sod Eamia.President Kada sold that his cootry would net sonpromise over Rhodesia. 'We want to asm Harld Wlson,who calls himself a Christian stick to his procipls.'No sooner had the British mission ,returned than Ian Smith launched a vicios attack on the BritishGovernment policy, completely contradicting his own expressed impressios of his meWei ngs 14i theThomsonfo .Thomson delivered a report of his discussions. He emuusled that Government policy wa. not to sellout.aNO to stand by the pledge for masjrity rule before Independence; not to se, force and not to embarkonaneconomic confrontation with South Africa.Expel SouthAfrican troopJOHN BIRD and Robert Shaw, the actor-writer clergymen, writers and trade unionists whorsp fromAndrew Faulds MPand David Steel MP. It i ment to "ensure the removal of South Africar The signatoriesare:Lady Asquith of Yambury James DiRev. Timothy Beaumont Tom DrilJohn Bird Tony GaBrigid Brophy Eric HefSir Learie Constantine Frank Hi,.Lord GiffordJohn Gniggl neKClive Jenkins Russell XDavid Mercer Alex LycIris Murdoch William IRoltert Shaw Paul RoBishop of Woolwich John RyiProfessor G. Zuntz Ben WhitPenguin, remains ti work, whlen Cons'Dilsermin esseafe a Front pr cornerston mie up so governffe have mod, intend to e thaid syateIt Is sal, histeory aS of edwatic that in 19E the ,overaIt ISI l I J

lekt up to HMe rended that ut Act sots aside for tour millto have the past the present fact ran before oe, 158 was pest by ,ch white =todent kfrica^, and thatlnereaaedalnoe. h-t wllot nmt , toasttododbel.ricetour sceoIs edst to tke Afrieasep to anivursityemlrance, and mat the Smmol r1O pio ey lsitoadgrai only to Africao univrsit eindelis btomthe governmest toks it willIt Is la cssen--- lee o, to have atone's comman the nnalui andsta~in.tito whlch moe bch gives of the beo denton ecosony.,t i ch b gap betwen ~nmmj earob of whites andAfrlcan In emp l last yeor£1,331 to £133, and bas bee ~ etegwider over ten yearso.Indeotrial coadiliatton. too, wa.rigged aga~st mo Afcieaneorkerv.hen it was final~ obled to receolse hts eIsoene lo 1960, and the machui-.ory of plitical entrol od represnn ka.bad mo beneft of South African' nmdelo, thob o 0In mo aspeclt. such sspreveolve deleoton me Seuter tbedeu=an whilos beat he Sout Afri.cn to It. It i agalnst tiba e d that Thendure Bull, Inte seend part of the bok, consldero The Future. le, loo,romes to the coucluston thmt nhared power' olutun would not work, and hat there la o chance of a

m~dd.e party being effeettve. He righlly notnu that before UDI 'he Bri. tluh Goveresieof hnd blt op over theyers an nasoailable Igmooe abut Rhdesoan politica', and tlcka off the falures of RMG to even plan for UDI.lt aioe to act effeelvely when it came.Tbe ou*y hope that Theo Bull asems to so is a gradaal weakeolug of te Rhodetolan ormy throeeh ~ santto ,with local Af thena m~at suffi .ent tremble tocOvlnetheaeSouhAfrican govomeo that it would be cheaperand better to haveaba-ruledRbede.ola, forced by ecuomlc. circutrtonce to depend m the tepubli and to act asito buffer. I can't quite see this; for om lhing as African or majority ruled Zlmbehwe could and would makeIts economic tics northwards to Za a. Biot judge tis for yourelf; the book to essentlal readlog.IAN SMITHSPEAKS'AP1 11 190; addrmiug C.enl Afiumn Fed~al Aembly when Go'enmicee1 Chlof villp f-. sI, Ro Wesenv'eUnltd FedMrParty:Our fl~t lo for full Independence there can be soom~onse ro mat particular lasse ... we have aosuch Nord adefeato our vocahulary. Smith upoke of the «ebeslly m0s" which bad been caased elsewbere In Afrtica bygivlag tdependeace with lmiority rule to people 'who have so ore fthan a veseer of clvillsaltn'.We have evolved a medel system of race relatIo~ s (In Southern Rhodesta), wo have d~ne sw much formhe people of this coon~r and. In partcilar for mhe African people.Fäbebley 20 1963; add, r.ig th. Soeunm Rhodeejan AGeeelv 0 bulof et th. Rhodosun Froot Gl.wmmoet:Ose lesson of the Federation ae to Sow the advasges Africans enJoy In Soutiern Rhodesia. They havebettrachooln and hosplals than In other territores, and are better off politically t~roeh having access tothe h.common roll.ApIII 1964; -u-ie å e hlnteM cr ode,Wfnen Fieks. downldll:I th~d it bs been sald en mmoercus omaulon that wo hae as lotenti of weke~ng ou mhe questtoo fiepen.desce.I do not emet to see an African Natonollst Goverment o syllfetinmn. We mast take m ~uI of te saint tPoliicin (George) and desroy the evl dragenaceet appeal whlch Pdasos us ... ote evll of on!tish Govaen- resebt and egt opinioni Rhodesia". whlch lo inveed apolest our cou=ust be destroyed by all of - s ~together.Naneoher 1964wtng affis boee hefleu SIl tndepedeoue rwfo,doe:Souther Rhd s ~ .t in e 8$tr~.le In wh lch our eah ed standorda of pltileal, pohile and lriet marality and loteesltyre plled anoeslpedlec ond nefse s ... (he went se to 5peak of the d~ngo of these stndards being lost to black extrem-.luta.)All qoml tskes from: Rhodei. dl. enRod .s R*en ht JeeW B~mea, OUP, 167, 42,IN 1963, RUTH FIST forecast at mhe end of her h ok South West Africa;«The UN and the world must,..face the fast that it will be a travesty of e prlinelples of the UN If this hed acta not to pre-.ve t colie, t watto mifl Ithon alrad kroken out."Ber prec has hees portly fonSobth 'West Africa, and moe co-rest M of over e frd f ers InPretoria le mo legal aftermth of the openlng haae af that ceatllo A recet stof pIlS aboetSoeth West Africa£~ 1peara at a time when mo owed for ifornmatou and pablealt abut tis neglested couolryis gr~soir dma ever. Betwe mhom, they help to flll in beth te toeal sene and the lnternatal aspects of teonce-mansnd lerltoe~. The Intern ~o pase was realyh c n 1946 wheoDrXuma, Presideot eof African National Congress of Soth Africa, ~akled t me UN te oppositil of hi people t the Uo~'sprped anexatlon of lis manated temrrtory.The eredå~ gap of te UN bslovty n over thepastfewyeare. Thres ethe reoceo of eriticism of apr at te UN has been aembyml lghteohwoftb rews

bySoDih Afrcaverberhapleso.ly. There are severa compelitors ter mhe di~hoeour of mo 'ulthesato fiascoover South West Africa'. Mar, would ~saooe the Ininrstienal Court'a desorvedly notortoun n-judgenent ofJuly 1966. bo 0100 s the o ctrast of ,toher 1966: at he UN te losg overde formal revoatton of the mndate, In South Africa the exeleon toSWA of the major Instru. mest of repression sote 1948 - tm Suppresion of Conm nma Act.> n. hoth caem it to or reen the me nderlyhng comiastency with wh~cb the lnternation leom~unty mshomte mo Sout West preblem Th lerna l o u erbeldn the UN bus undr cn ~umeover the pest 90 years, chity te emrgeae to nat=olod of =09 mais of m Third World. Butthese are ecomiedlly por, poltitcally weak c antrles. Thoub theyhave suported mo petitoner from SWAwith erndllahle freq.ency, th~r Infloense within the UN has achieved lmCampaignopensAparth ei ~ a ~ o*mcollahoratloo' with & ~rlll sats over the Chrlatma shopln pertod with plketo in te 5rets. We havechoesen two fIrm as our obietlves In this ~ ofhe mo ca ~ TheGarfleld Weston group of rompaoes and the Cyril Lord group, as symhols of over four hundred Britishcompetes whlch collaborate with racial oppresson in South Africa, for profui.Both groups are comparalvelyrecest entr~ols Isto telid of South African investment. Tkeir main growth bastlken place since Sharpeville (1960) and in deflasce of repeated callo by, te UR General Assenmbly tosolaia South Africa.In 1963, Garfleld Weston, founder of the Garfleld Weotonempire, attoally found the South AfricanGovernment to be 'a God-feortoghodyofChritlans' (Eve Slendard Jme 5).Ho west en to invest £5 million In South Africa's leading blIng and lg eoncern. The Premier Mlllltg Co.Ltd. Illa stake bas increased since and exnds to Bimdesla.The Garfleld Weston tch of6ompanies ictdes Fie Fara spermarkets, with okops all over the Co , andAssociated Brilish Foods, the subsidi. aries of.which fucide ABC Bkeriea. Nevill's Bread, .Bye Vita Ltd.,and VItbe Finur Mils. Amsg r prod~rI are Sunblest bra, Beaniab runned goeds and Twigs toaThe Cyril Lord oranisaton Is partlcalarly s~elflcant becauseithas bom the bigest foreign compan to lenditself to the 'berder industrie,' projet. This was Inteded to force Africun worers out of the 'whito' urban areaof South Africa into moc rural 'Bantoeeas'. Cyril Lord re~oved a whale ftory from LancasMire tomeEastonCape, where he cold per his African w~ckers a fraetion of to hade nlenregulatod Lanecohire wages. Cyrillord Ltd., with a headoflcetuBeitaat, bas uo sbekda compen~ the UK en carpet abwrooma In nasu meo rlies.Loal greops are eged to orgmanse picketi and protosts th oet the coas eiween December 1£ an 1otsilde the mout pomlet placdof mhe above stores, aslng the skgano 'Efnd British Collaborati n with Apartbi, 'Suppor Retonce In SothernAfrica'. Leflet and stickera on thia mre are vallabole from te office at £1 per 100(l A potr s lnprpara. lim_.ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS December 1967 FM 5SOUTHWESTAFRICAIs there any hope in lalking to the United Nations for a solution to the South West Africa case? In the lightof recent publlcations, ALAN BROOKS here analyses the situation, revealing the extent to whichinternational form are commitled to exploittion of theterritory.mor tao to ratse mo plteh of theverbal conemnatisos.Over-SWA, the Sov~t Union bas untllrecently been with tie T World stolns for UN interventin bt Amertca and Brito have fr~lrsted their ef-.Orts. Now the Sovet Union has come to recogse that UR m~ervestlenmghtbe a d~dle.edged wep t ku the freedom o f the cotetly mut be weonby, h ow. lebbtleo.The cousisency of UN 'restraL'over SWA In mhe face of the South Afrimeannenaton ber~s out ou earom.l~ttoO to be the far from=dliorested Colawt of Brileln and Americaas mo lao maj foreinvealoro to South Afrlca's esploltaiton' ofha rIk hof vulaerable oeighbeor. Oou of thebrin out with saffcie o er and dll m tbe ~mand e~ of this

e h Aficon , Amercan eiCia ed West Gera c~phauan eouthat order of dlmiub. vo e - to tvee liteI a bonedräl comple ot u and other crrtlen tI SWA. Theaonr Id fiale om e or the Tse CoerDlean e Bom Coaool d Ami oelComaxGee Corp ora11nrpeeand the South West Africa Cobe a~. Thoese are tora ~eounsup with Sab old wroreof the Southe~ African atome as ~ _pAme the BSA Cpa B=hadesinn SelledianTrsan le.Te Cad~a Rio Tioto concern hao a cocer 9ee The Ameriom New25% ofTnoome Cmroole's brn other esneas c0u~ hombe pidover moe vared nesreoca of the country Is a high ose. IThe percen~g of grona domeotic plodout accrutnforelgoerohotween 1946 and 1919 wo 16.3 per cet n the followhig ilve Years it bad almost* doubled to 32.4 and b~tueen 19s6 and1960 the percent8ge was 31.8.But the mat o esplitalioobyfore~galteresta la not just high in the prely menetory -euse. Etloilatlon se this scale demand a total downg ofthe lIvin cn e nd dignity oftose whose fate it is to proytde the Iooor for e~tratuve Industrins. The labour system bas been vivdy des-.cribed"111x, system Of reeritsot Of Afri-.can woakerk operotleg to South Wese Africa today ls unique int if organtsm and effitu t applicalc0 afconditlona tt are ad to slavery. Workersare r a undor a theTribal Areans by the Sout Afriangover ment, a besorod Ss-West Alf. siman Nate Labur Asaoritien(SWANLA>, which iaaCflas the male poplatin ito working caegorlea A. B and C, autoble resptve or in theksoet, an land and ou forma of the uéeieas. These letters are repreduced m the clothes ot dm work-. ero,wblch they bave to proyvde foar themselves ... Once under contrat tme worker may nat leave me area ofecop n and may not macel thetenract. No Afrtcan trade u~ are recegosed, the workers are exeided from all syoteme of oetttve br-.gal~g and utrskea are a ertimd offome.5 2For me firt 155 days tf his cotrat the lurr ges as his mintmumwage a mare Is 9d a day. Yet eves wage mightbe preferakle i ekläg out a living on the mpoverlhed rmt semi.desert lands which is all that thesueessivegeoeralmsof whit contuerors have lett to the Hreo,, Ovamob and ther peoes. In 1956 tme per_Ia ~ com f a residenlaoaulde te Flie Zoso was ett d at £8 10s por armum. bMost of te mneral wealth lias ~ thine PlieZom, where per apia tocome wao £176 a year. Bet i tigre tselt dlgulses m en ~ of on-.vte pm-. erty inmhe Police ZoO, becouse It rms togther bell white and o-white Inmes. In faet, white mlners get an averageof £1,200 p.a. in 1962; Afrima mero abut £100 pa. In 1962, o0ly 4.6 per ceo of A tan children reeved a&Wscboflkg, andof tose ony 0.3 per cent wore in se^l. dary scoL In Ovaml therato a av~ rato of om dotorto every 50,000 per^ s.Africsoform 84 per cat at mo pap~lats bu have legal titte to on~ 25 per test of dmland.1. South W-t Afrou: A Tmwtv of Trrs Ed Ronald Seual ..d Rtha fis Adnd D00 ch, 4u. Tho torun prmootsd5o 0he Oxford Iternslonol Cosfufonce o Soth St frica, M neh ml6, w torion on m o ],ly 1sen lere tlonal c - . J~bce deooin. This b-ok ~1nta,, moo, ,uatJ stU5.cl veterl., ond edmlwbly comnt, na tI FiVs e-4111 work, (,s0, W-t Afrc. Peln.).00=0 W- Affica - The C-rte Judeset; AperOreid in SOth ond Sut, Was Aftrica,,n .rnofon.al ComsIon ofJmieO'2. Ap.vheid is Soi Africo ~å Sooo, ,4t Africe.PiOTOCRAFT (Hampstead) Ltd.ýHOTOG~AhIC DEALERS AND PHOTOG-APHRS4 HEATH STREET. LONDON, NeW. 3 Phoe,: HAMluted 9932Fu. d opatåhn aeyee. the U.K. Dloln6 and Ptene ef caownd a wROY BROOKS : ESTATE AGENTWe have thousands of waiting applicants for HOUSES and FLATS(London area ONLY - PLEASE) usual scale comision.

We have houses for sal in the mora undesrable parb of London framabout £5.000 and ln Ifie more centralareas from about £8.000- £25.000: BUT NO FLATS ANYWHERE UNDER ABOUT £6ba year - sorry!Gloucester Lodge,Courtfield Road.S.W.7 FRO 1166NEW MEMBERSHIP - £1 ALLrIN Join the Anti-Apartheid Movenent and recive Anti-Åpartheid New*for £1 a y-ur. Newspepr ony: 10&. Bulk orders of ix copes or more less 33% per cent, .a or retum.NAME ............ ..............................ADDRESS ...... ............................ ,Cheques and POs payable to; ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT but dy ;Mudbth. AAwet leont, seCh01ott0 50* Londn, V*2. O.ÅNthm S3ll. FrotdhbuuHmld Oomnooo 5 A8oeot Låomstud, j joumoro Hsompateed . 2 Ptom t*rw W .s o 0u o t

ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS D.cemb.r1967 Pae"Meet a fellow-victim of the white power structure...LETER:SIR - The November Anti-Aparteld News account of my attempt to delete the draft resolution passagewhich pledges.AiM suport for the freedom fighters is misleading, and I shall be pleased If in the next issueyou will correct the impression that igives.You listed two of the reasos that I gavefor wanting the passage deleted, hut omitted the other two with which I began, viz., that I thought theemphasis of theAAMoaghto he on condenig the =odtions whic have resulted in violence snd calling fortheir removal, rather than neneorg violence as soch; that I considered that It was not the function of theAAM to makeprnpmncements such as this, which mighi well oblige some memhers to remolder theirposition within the Movement, without offering any real advantages he compensate. Finally the report is sophrased as to suggest thai Dlavid Sleet sphe in support of the passage at Isse, when in fact, though notreferring to i directly, his summing up was certainly closer to my position and that of Am Toblas. whosupported me, than to that of any other speaher.WALTER HAIR21a Gwendolen Avenue London SWI5Aessop PatelDEDICATIONThis poem is dedicated to my fellow country men, Robert Sobukwe, Nelsen Mandela, Ahmed Kathrda andall the others, the imprisoned, the exiled, and the banished who are moved by their conscience to defy theindefiable regime of Vorster and the evils that present a challenge to the conscience of Britain and theworld. "Cry out, beloved country South AfricalIt shall not be in vain That the tears meander their course in agony,'Counting the dead And the voices in captivity, Inscribing the names of our martyrs, Not forgetting ourfather Luthuli, Inscribing on the heart that will neverforget our long suffering forFREEDOM."A PRISONER I AM The, mighty metallic door Slams behind my back, Impersonal concrete walls That's allI see.I stand expressionless With an empty stare Looking on with despair That's all I feel.The tramping of my feat Throws back the echoes, Sharp and deafening That's all I hear. My life had somemeaning Yesterday,Monotonous and bare Today.Dejected and lonely Tomorrow.A thought floods my mind, Without a word, I understandDamned behind these walls, For the best of my life.A prisoner,lam."A DEFIER OF THE UNDEFIABLE"Scouts

segregateTHE SCOUTS -a movement thought by many to epitemise Internationalism and interracialism,But membership of theBoyScoutsAssocia. tin of South Africa has always been confined to 'persons ofEuropean deacent'. There are, however, *parallel xovements' for non. whites.The African Boy Scosi Association, Indian, Bo Scouts Association and Coloured Soy Scouts Associatiosare sautonomous with their OWoCnatliVi ;- except that the white bo''s cooncil hes 'powers of restraifover ie non-white feltows In the case of resoluions "deemedtobedeirimendeThe attitudeofthe white scoutig authorities Is clearly seen in the preamble to their consittuton: oHerethenisthetrue conception of the intor-relation of colour complete niformity in ideals absolute equality in thepaths of knowledge and culture, equal opporWattles for those who strive, equal admiratan for those whoachieve; in matters social and racial a separate path, each pursuing his owe race purity and race pride;equality In things spiritual, agreed divergence in the physical and material.The Afrikaners also have a movement of their own - Voortrekkers. After several years' effort, teVsortrekkers wereiformally Inaugurated in 1931 as a-CbristianNational' youth movement, Ths was beganas a counter to the alnternationslismand inter.-racialism' ofthe Scout Movement (before thatseparatehut-equal preamble wos written).The Scouts have 18,000 whites and 15,00g mmn-whites. The Voorirekkers boast 32,000 mesmlers and 400branches. The Voorrehsers' chief patron is the South AfrinPresidentandtheirotherpatin is - Prime MinisterVorster. What was it VOrutr once said? 'In tiermao they call tonl Socialism, i Soth Africa we call ItChristian Nalinlisns, That was a tong time ego, hut the Voortrebbers are still a Christian Ntinalmovement, -OaveShipper.Black baby boom,ANXIETY AMONG white South Africans, aroused last month by official statistics showing the colouredbirth rate in be double the white one, was offset by the ses that white children aregrowinghbiggerandbigger.The South African Medical journal published the results of a recent survey which show. that white childrenIeweem the ages of six and 15 are up to 5 inches taller and 38 pounds heavier than children ofcorensponding ages in other rate groups.The survey, dose an 2,250 children of white African, Indian and Coloureddesent, showed no variations. Allthe white children, boys and girls, were taller and heavier than the others. Their height varied from one inchto five Inches above the other children and their weight from five to 38 pounds heavier. In most cases, thesurvey fou the shortest and lightest race group to be AfriceansnhEf o.u r.. rste figuresfrom the Burean of Statistics, show a widenteg gap between the white and non-white population sizes.Whites are increasng naturally at only half the rate of the Coloureds and, although no figure is given forAfricans the authri. ties say the rate cannot be lower than that for the Cloureds.The autorities say that the Government can de nthing to arrest the current trend, which will dwarf the whitepopulation to a seventh of the total by theendofthis century. They point out that Immigration cannot hope tobalance the rise in the country's black population.The Government-supprting newspaperble Trnsvaler edtoralised on the problem 'last montl It said there wasa moral duty an all whites to appreciate the composition of te populatian, It warned they wouldhave toahandon black labour eventually, otherwise -they will not escape the process of equalisatin', .The Paperwarned that to discarddependence on black labour wod entailgreat sacrifices, 'but only with this' sacrificewill white civilisation be maintained.The total population Is now estimated at 15.7 million.ANTI-GOD SlantingTRIAL the newsCHARGES OF blasphemy hose been brought ONE OF THE MAIN vehicles for Nationalist against ChrisPritchard, 21-year-old en- propaganda Is the South African Broadcasteditor of Varsity, the University ofCape lag Cor n. Though originally modelledTows stident magazine, on te EEC. It nw mahaedlypat forward'Leading Dutch Reformed Church theolog- government views.Ios will give evidence at his trial, which The head of the SABC is Dr Piet Meyer, a started an November27. leader of the secret Broederbnd and aMr Pritchard has already been rusticated principal supporter of the National Council by the universitycouncil for bringing 'diS- to Combat Commumlsm - which equates credit' on OCT through articles inVarsity. liberalism with commuism.He has been prevented from wtUn his With the aid of the vastamounts the

third-year BA enea and has been barred Government Is spending to put across its from holding ay office inthe university or sophistry, the SABC has set op an external worhing on Varsity for the rest of hisbroadcasting service, underanotherBroederacademic career. bonder, J.A. Joosts.He paw faces a nuaimum sentence of The Isoquttons voice of Radio South Africa three years'imprisonment and a fine of can nw be heard throlgbiEAftrlaln, i300. His case has raised a storm in aca- ='rop egee t North America.demie circles, particuinrly at UCT, where Transmissions t Africe are in Zulu, a petition has been handed inprotesting Swabil, French and Portuguese, as well as at the severity of the councl's punishment, in Englishand Afrihaans. The broadcasts The protests have had on effect to Eurpe are in English, French,German,Mr Pritchard, who ws married in Sept- Dutch and Portuguese. For the enthusiastlc, entor, Is c wt'retinsprem e S of a -eid can be heard toBeitg by preading or circuating a disbelif Britala and Ireland on 49 metres, from in te existence of tOSupreme Being.' 1900 to1955 GMT.)tis llged that his article (The Christian The programmes are not entirely spoken VIew of Sex is .liWrng)eotenotously propaganda. The pill s eoated with music ascribed to te Supreme B acts incas, andcultural, scientific an sports items.sidtt withis ailirihtes.' But. it is the news service, with itThe article was a report of a student carefully slanted selective peddling Wchis symposium on the subject-Is God Dead?* important, and no expense is spared to The university council objected to two of ensurethe news is up-to-date. his editorials as well - 'The University ternolly South African news bulletins andRacism' and 'The Freedom of the are franly pro-Nallonalist; externally thePress.* concentration is on softening the Republic'sCommsented Stanley Uys of the Johannes- bad image.burg Smsday Times, 'The Pritchard affair On weekdays 205 bulletins are broadcast, Is a symptom of temalaise at UCT -a 46 to various international audiences and 49Malaise which, like so nany ether things in to 'the many different Bantu ethnic grops.* this afflictedcountry, has its origin in the The SABC's literatare section floushes, race situatitn, andsome titles cam be bought in Britato.in'if a committee of verhrsmptes (right- fasctst bookshops. Sir Oswald Mosley spoke wing Naticnalists) inPretoria or of Mother over te" sir on one of his visits to Sot Grndys in a remote village had ome to Africaand the resulting tapes and records such a verdict it would be onderstandbe; can be bought it his Londonshop. SABCpbbut that a universily which is suWposed in licatlons Include several by Ivor Benselorblazepolitical, moral and aesthetic trails mar Rhodesian censor, and a 'classic', The should do an is unforgivable.Splrltual Crisis ofthe West, by beyerhimsel.BOOK REVIEW:Apartheid's economic mythsThe Political Economy of South Africa, by Ralph Horwitz, (Weidenfeld &Nticholsoni63s).THIS IMPORTANT book reveals a fundsa mental gap in our knowldge of how theSouth African politicalmovement against apartheld, in particular the African liberation organisations, view South Africa's politicaleconn'. Mach of the serious research into the economic processes of apartheid is presently being undertakenby either the apolngists of apartheid or by Liberals and supporters of te South AfricanUnited Party, like MrBorwitz." The uproach of the latter group is pre.dictable; they look to the market mechanism as the principal instrument of economoeprogress, andtherefore tend to attribute to political policy all the evils of South Africathe poverlyof the black people,their disenfranchisement, the hopelessness of their general condition.Political economyThis book is possibly the most signal example of this approach to South Africa's political economy.However it does take one step further in its suggestion that Ge 'political factor* which has undermined thepro. cesses towards the economic equality at-legedly being produced by the market Hence each siage of economic developmentmechanism, is 'Afrikanerdm far from has been accompanied by an intensifiction clearlydeflned.MrHorwittquoesextensively of race legislation over the entire period from the highly emotivewritings of the of white setlemet in South Africa. Ideologists of Afrlkanerdom in an effort toprove his case. Bet it is here that this

otherwise useful and well-docwmanted survey Economic commentators of South Africa's economicdevelopmentbreaks down.As Horwitx pats it, the entire experience Mr Horwitz's bok is in essence a plea for of South Africa'sdevelopment is 'the self 'eonomic ratianalty', This, he suggests, expression of market forces, o individual'urges the polityforwardbeyond its ideologycapital proft-makig . . coming to terms Plea of this hind haveoften been expressed with the motivtions and ethos of the polity by other economic commenators of the ofAfrtotaerdonw e Iahg South African scene (for example, by W.H.This, is the iewofoenviewer,la highly Huff In his 'Economics of the Colour Bar'). oisconcefved Upp )ach tothe Smth African The idea here is that if only the capitalist ecoonc problemnThe expianntion TorSouthmarket Is permitted tOruleinail its grandeur Africa's econosic system, based as it is on the African masseswill steadily rise, andso apartheid, Is not so mach to be found in bring about the gradual dismantling qf thehe idealistic free-for-all capitalism being apartheid systems., forced to adjust itself to the demands of theThis is pure myth. The entire economic Irrational Afrikaners preoccupied with Cal- development of SouthAfrica repudiates this vnlisticparity and mission, btintheprimacy theory. -On the contrary, the basic sourceof economics itI. f Soot Atic's ecunomi growthIrsel.Given the slize of the African working the cheap labour of So Afcan masses population and teopportunities available to and it is this economic fact which gives exploit this labo-r, a vast andcomplicated rise to apartheid and the political system superstructure, pervading all aspects of of whitesupremacy-political and social life,, has been built up It is high time that the African liberation to entrench and renderunchangeable the movement produced a clear and systematic station ad condition of this labour. Thecase establishing this economic fact so that colour bar has evolved as a function of thpeple of thisentryusderstsndthepro. profit and the accumilation of capitaL claimjed cola of African peple-V.P

Ideology fever means culture isolatedRAYMOND KUNENE ON TWO WORKS OF AFRICAN LITERATUREA POST-INDEPENDENCE cultural fever has seized Africa, One suspects thefever isbyo means accidental.Itfsllowson theideological battles that have raged bath in Paris aul London to defise the poHtcal objectivesof the Afrcan independesce mvemast. Clearly is caing deftni.os the political aed cultural stalwarts haveeach sought to create a politiawly or culturally istact Africa accoerdig to their convictions. Whilst oneschool asserted that to achieve the total liberation of Africa, it is necessaryto evolve a political structurewhich wonid eliminate the economic and ceultural dependence of Africa, the other asserted that whathadheca st was te creative, egculhure potescy of the African people. The latter school therefore sought tore-discover and re-create what is called the aers valaes, or negro culture. Needless to say this latter schoolconstituted a lesser threat to the metropatMos costries whose economic Interests were less liable to beseized by an intelligenstsa obsessed with tlture. Systematically the geules of Governmeats in Aaerica,Britain, Fre encouraged this trend. Various CIA funds were chaeed through freat organisations to encouragsitae dehates about African literatere, ad culture.. Is doiog so they sght to divert-the intelle as from the real economic and political problems that obsessed their ourtries.Cultural institutions and cultural publica taons assumed an importance far beyond their significance. Worsestill culture for the first time in African traditions begs to be treated as an isoated Saty. It Is because of thisapproach that sewnd rate books received a patronage so over. whelmingly above their worth. It is enough topublish one book for the author. to ha acclaimed the expert en African history, literature and politics. It lano surprise therefore to read a bookby Claude Wauthier ('The Literature nd what is- likely to happe in the ahen .ught of Modern Africa: asurvey' pub- of a more profound work on- the sauj lisbed by Pall Mall Library of African and on Africanliterature escomPossig i Affairs,) cliing to give a definitive sarvey whale contient.of African nodern t o and literature.The bsok does nh of the sort. All it SOUTH AFRICAN LITERATURE TODAdoes is to collect selected extracts of the (Pengeln 6s, ed. Nadine Gordimerad Lio views of what Wathlerconsiders "the in- Abrahams) Is a bak which should not ha tellectal el/ie. been published,since in various forms iWaeihier's beok cannot heeasilydismssed extracts have been read elsewhere ad an as a CIA inspiredsocioigical servey. It seam. The compilers of this book shea SHaWS an acute sensitivity to trends in beashamed of themselves for failing to gi th]didng, no dubt, tetellectalist. Where us the large volume oa

anpblished maofetz it falls is when it assumes that literature availaie from the very same authors. andthought in modern Africa is thepreserve Most of the contrbutions are medioce of the minority at bAaica'ssotelctoni an a result, there is a noticeable imbaianTe. . .. . between those works of merit by, soThe pra ducts of debatable worth are pro- Lewis Nbasi, Ronald Segal, Mary .eneo jected as masterpieces,the starting poin Can Temba, and seek poor material asn of a African thought development. As a. finds inFuneral Earth' by Herman Chari resell the exhaustive shah Is based on Bosman. 'A Long Lock AtLondon, transitory works which have formed part Todd Matsbthia, of the ideological pmphieteering beforeThe poetry section is the typical cobal, and after Independence, sentimental stuff within itsundisguised hWaulhior's approach inevitably leads him telleel pretensions.to evolve a labels resa hitory of Africa. IS there a lager within a Isager in So We do not find hre theslightest indication Africa? Do those who oppose the regime of what the thinking of 'the great majoritySouth Africa tend to form self-feeding clot of the (llerte) poplati.? Is. We are than and in the processbecome sterile? Tt faced withite =mthinking millions represented athaolgy has failed in its task, Its failureby the elite; the elite Itself only peripherally are glarg. Some of the greatest Africa infissced by thethrobbing culture in their writers are missing - Vilakezi, 1"buisay own evironmet. ah,Peter Abrahams, etc. Is there anWauhier indeed asserts that. (Cultmral reas why ILLE. Ilnto Is exelnded, eo renaissance in blackAfrica)isqeitedifferet taisly one of the greatest South Africa Uron sompaable moveents in countrieswriters whose influence has been acmow. that soeght in shake off the yoke of Austro- ledged by almost allthe young Africa Hungarian empire and even in Arab and writers? Perhaps the aedhlogy should hawAsian countries since these could draw an been tiled 'My favourite South Africa extensive pastcivilizations to farnish the Weitings by Nadlne Gordimer and Lime raw material of cultural revivaL-Abrohams, then the material weld havehee,It will be a great pity if this book written forgivable. by a foreigner, with a foreignes perspeelives, assumesan authoritative importance Rayftond Kunene is a South African poe It does not deserve. Regrettably this Isjust Writing in Zsfs, who lives in London.EvilgeniusBrilm Blnting on Alexander Hepplefs blegOapy Of Dr. Verwanrd (Penguin, ii).THE PITY of Alexander Hepple's biogreuph of Dr Verweerd is that It makes its apper after the death ofits sbjeect, thanlosing some of the sense of Immediacyit would otherwise have hd,One wonders why this should be so. Is thestalre of a great mn to ay waydiminished by his death? Are the British people reading less about Churchilltoday than when be was alive? What ahant Napoleon or ay of ke Iget"o history?it ould be wrong to place Verwoerdintdscompn, not merely because his stage was smaller, but also because his role was less nabitious, even measby contrast, South Africa has had its share of great men, praportionate to its numbers; but few of the leadersof the Nationalist Party can be For them, Verwoerd was an evil genius, a included amongst them,smooth, imperturbable, relentless despot,That Verwoerd was an exceptionally gifted driven by his racist obsessions to bflie'nd cpble man thereis no derying. He had endless cruelties upon those who were not qualites of leadershipgven to few, a can- white,' vidtie, driveanddetermlnetianwhihraised Heappe takes the reader throagh thehim from the ruck of his fellows. developments of the Verwoerd era with theBut wheN all is aid and done, what did clarity and insight natural to one who played ha create, or desoy,that cold have been soprominent a parthimselfioWosingthe. done by him and him alone and thathe shouldhe remembered by? He was not, as s often thought, the creator of the concept of apart- Ud or even of eantstan, which others A fric a nadubraied before him, and continue to Implement now that he is gone. In what way was he more significanttha SioriJdom, who, IT'S BEEN a new carve-up of Africa, this preceded him, or Vorster who tok the reinsinvasion ofthe coatinentbyplittical Scientists from him when he fell? ' (mare often than notAmerican) in search of

In fact, about Verwerd-the man, there is are studies, and the knoks came thick and nothing much to be said,as Heppls musthave fact. discovered In writing his biography. it was Robert LBotberginTheRiseoNaltionalism Verwoerd, theagentofAfrihanerenatialism, in Central Africa (Harvard andOxford white snpremacy and apartheid, who wan a University Press) 48s, describes the making force to bereckoned with, The 'yok or the of Malawi and Zambia from 1873 to 1964 'movement', whichever way youwant to i conscientious bat woolly detaiL look at it, raised him to the heights-and could as easily havedestoyed him had he National Unity and Regionalism in Eight strayed from the pathwere AfricanStates (Coroell andOxfordUiversityIf Verword's talents w great' writes Press 63s) edited by Gweandlen . Carter Bepple, 'they were pot toawratched cease. is the newest of har cotribator' collections-He heny hav been a benefactor to those who of essays on African states and Inherits theshared his racist views or whose only con- problems; advantages and faults of any encers was mmierialcomfart and gain, buth cyclopadi. strange bedfellows (like all others his regime was ugly and unjust,Ethiopia and Nigeria) share the covers; an filled with suffering for the masses of adninistrtive arrangementof chapters and overtystriIken non-whies, - ontensna r an eens ihapterlafia 'African, Coled and to the writer's arrangement; but room Iseean melyat eoim his rigid white sapremaesint found for countries and subjects that mghtIellfe eremerlynvaristionofasiam..,. not find ny other home, like the tearTensionAfrica In Social' Change, by P.C. Lloyd pl63 1967 7s 6d(Penguin African Library Tribe, State AndCommunity, by Chattwe Waterlow pp 214 1967 (Methaen GeneranStdies Paperback),DR LLOYD surveys West Africa from th viewpke of a social anthropologist.ha is to say, he is interestedint chang l mg patterns of l relianship agaensthe bacb rosd af plitical and social in atittions. His book examines the growiq golf and consequeattensionsbetweeneducatd cans and the undD o Ignore for th =tot p athrestraining effect on economic growth a colonial role and Sei-coloniel policies; an gives insufficientattention to the pressore making for a more dyinmic and positive approach by African leaders. Ht he Iasgiven en a thsorough and inforative accoun of the social ieckgrosnd to eventsto West Africa.Miss Waterlow thinks that South Africa is a police state, as also 4to some extent are communist countriesThe 'West' Is of course democrate by her reeoasig, eine she believes that democracy thrives best when tiedto priate property and the profit motive. I apldMisWishdfo j:of South African racial ideologies and represiOn, but doubt whether she is a reliable guido as regards thenature of conumist or capitalist democracy - ILJ.S.carve-upequatorial states dealt with here, Chad, Congo Brazzaville, Gabon and the Central African Republic.Patrick O'Brien (English not American economist not political scientist) has in The Revolution io Egypt'sEconomic System (Oxford University Press for ChathamHouse 55). Provided a good sorce book of ecanonde material on Egypt since 1952, and ap to two years ago.Of this bunch it is undoubtedly Martin Kison's academic thumb that has pulled out the PIUmb His PolitiealChange in a West African State (Harvard and OxfordUniversity Presses 56s) deals with Sierra Leone. He'sdone as much and more homework and information-dredging as anyone esebtheknoeks on the head withfine style the notion that academies need not formulate canelusions or jndgements, or should express themso difflk]0ytet they get ost midst the ev-ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS Ds-riber 1967 Pas,7Republic'stwonationsJOHN HATCH REVIEWS:'Afrikaner and African Nationalism', Edwin S. Munger (Oxford University Press, 25s).ONE OF THE main mistakes made by oppanent of apartheid is to identify the white community of SouthAfrica with white settlers in c ontries .ie Kenya, Zambiaer Rhodesia. It n ssible to devise realisticpoliciescalculated to undermine apartheid udessthey are based on an understadingofthe naitre of white as well asblack nationalism in the Republic. For the real conflict i Soth Africa is betwen a l seif-conseius,

"e Strongly orgaisd Afrlhar nation and a t fragmented African nationalism only justbecoming conscius of its owa existence.I had hoped that Professor Munger's bank wsdhaerevealed this important aspect wouldthemveof South African life and analysed It so asin provide further comprehens ion of is r. nature, I confess that I won entirely disape ointed. His book isBlle more thasea set of y nsucorted generlisatis illutratedby ~'persnno conversations subjectively inter.Mare so many of the details rebytecorrect that ee doubts the fouadatin ofknowledge - which the theories are buit. What serios student af South Africa wouldsuggest that there was any paradox in the coalition of Nationalists and Labor Party in the Hertnggovernment of 1924 (which in ended, incidentally, in 1929, not 1933)?hee Bitter antagonistsThis has been se of the seminal factorsIn South African political history from the 109hbegit of the century. Far from being'relatively libera' as the author states, the Laha Party drew its support from thewhite Industrial workers, always thebitieret antagonists of African advance. Indeed, the o mot significantContition of Herizog to a his centry's socto-political life was his o ureleftog attack on the pubilm of the n'poor whites' - st of whom were Afr an* ers, BY replacing uskhilled Or semi-skilledblack labor with white Hertn6 emmeasr.ably strengthened the colow line by the endof the 1920s (not in the 196s).And wh can Understand the changing charactor of Afrikaner naionesismwithoutsinlyIng organisaions likethe Reddlngsdaadhud and the Reddngsdaaonds which gave Afri.kaner capitalists the means to compete with I, British and Jewish South Africans? Even the Brederhoad, thecentral directing fareof the Afrikaner nation, is missed to a I few words.Professor Munger cones nearest to thereal issues of natloalism when be briefly refers to the increasing arbaisation of of Africans since theNationalists htokpower in 1948. This is the crux of the nationalist battle, though direct cnfrontation is notyeteven o- the horizon.Bat the fact is that the Afrikaner nationh a developed from a backwoods, rural comn=oft of inefficient farmers and lnd.Sgent o k a Society led by tcreasinglysophisticated, economically.mlnded men, I the process It has defeated those within its own ranks, like Suts,and outside, like British South Africans, who would have -bad the country developes a coalition betweenAfrhkner and British values.African labourYet it ban encountered aprofound dilema.olb sustai its strength the Afrikaner nation must pursue the radical industrialrevolution to which the countryhas been engaged throughoot this century. Yet industrial revolutions are based on labour, and labour inSouth Africa - in any quantity - meos African labour. How is it possible to preserve the racial exclusivenesswhich is the foaming principle of Afrikanerdom and yet allow increasing nuabers of Africans toeaterindstrial and commercial tnstitutions? Ban.tetass are obheously merely a delaying tactic, for their objective is to keep labooraway from Industrial areas.This is the focal tsae of apartheld. It isnot yet resolved. We should beware of these who insist that this is the Achilles hel of the Nationalistswhich will bring them low. Similar people have been telling as for sixty years that South Africa was on theverge of a racial revolution - which Is still notyet in sight.Experience shows that in moderm statesan oligarchy with sufficient control of indetry and security forces can sppress the majority fore long time.And the African nationalism of loath Africa is still only In Its emorya stage, for It has been aborted se frea.

Yet itis remains a dilemma for the future of South Africa and it must be clearly understcod by all whoaspire to influence the progress of events there Botnuderstand. ing will mnt be aided by Professor Musger'sbook; the serious student should turn rather to Gwenden Carter, Alan Paton (in his biography of Hafaeyr),Professor Hancock's woak on Smots, and Dr Kiewiet's basic hi story.I I

ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS Dembs 1967 puc.SPORT: VORSTER IN SOCCER ROWO. u~RI..1 Primao'irn hsb mem raetue npm~l frorom PWA.v. setsasr, ä nrgvorr bås ~ .e=.8ed ra necers- a meci of the Setrm . us Zl hi o assmed With b~ order r. over dSc~-nSnls n~m in, -cao f nral~og. -cba as to ort a.w it s . k. f.. ; lt.t o d u b e r s J u s t lo a re e sa m e m i t o a r a lt i o s Å t ie a es= :a s e t l c S r sp ar, o rCosa r at t Caro Saroc clled fort c Sout Africa, and rblddel f itdVorima~inn to Dr i, sAfrlcio Fodt. log gatheriegof mora twno pracas~ t a h t = ty , = b c f , dsan l d hv e fut s een made taltec fl atate, nocec. l &niedaiur ~ ich ba y e csl bod b eeailega*ra to d Sou Afr i an SAot. he S c athe ua, mbusciga rt Dldmo l t1yrOC basad i loco tiae opetson la to bu matchetoe diferent i0ttice) l the xg one. Brottas mhi. 1964, te White soccor bad made nefi- White' rodi r - Africo, Matantel aelico are nt farestod lo sport.and orty t el~ate cd dcrn b=tc fsmm Coloared. have 0cin doma cothi for th pt~oln [örg~~otc sur from tefoatoi f~ld A apecWlfteal,whichnaisedd,00tmoatJy ~fsot 1 jutahjm a.d yoer aoollo led rettriseis bad beetok=n agaea fro tovert~n ~:aca bad been act op to weergof the ba to e aratt ~rec So th AfrIca Socaer Fdaregais aohe i c teM e xi e a %am e s n ebya . S u h A r c a l n e G m s i e d o , tn sa ll p r b a ltate gfro the f our, 1 bad las* UOefight for t ihebme baen after anouanclag cerl npohprc.ceascices to~ar foeig sepaoygpracteIcYaraicr's rema*hsSaaroobemältufte cooceratog Soauth Africans, Prima iloterrelotic to the to. Sevei medbcl ofthe Vor~d Waroedthah~iifal btodys~atorga hanal o bo pst c th e avai to.. .. the chaaglog oi cy, oade South Afric a . mm outSGutrmAr~lastmofdhln 'delo )Ina AAPis iCS e o aildc co sait e rac yOtympic Comnolte., new Ickogtt ra innue t aiapre antgtherloslde.tOC as toder=Sloe th a to obrch t he fo-re, rFra* Braun, PreOlymicsi ariacs are L~rried ostlo the Ideft.of the Sf O cCommättceRepublic. end decide, by next Feb~or aamnoaced loA. a thia year: «tf Southåwitethor South Africa can lake pant to the Africa lo aowed, to 0~onpeab the 1918~oxcan Ganss ext ycar. South Africa oas Ol~tpC Gems lo Mexico, me abetrobablybaned from the loå OtyplGamneshacaaae send wan li-exmwbl eccor taant.of bor macii practic s. teglmdaU Accoplace Of ila acheose by the, tOC.Preciss Maccanlethe cid-medllatwudd almttly rciofrergkcism athoeAfianwigililr rm South Afrlc~gvo SasfrOc saya. It Calle an FIFA to =xelUP a cbonoe to repreo~athle UTK agftosi the White South Aficac bcdy compicely, andGerm~ lagt tocoth In order to jolo ISennit p~ pms uteg. m~nu ,..eg te pundn. stad in poacibimlofgragfllcsehar. Betica mat other SooEc tor at tho Olmpcl b-,, ~ti AAA melt.maca wit, sm :"nab1athesonracial fedeain which Will Comoalaslca heartoin Luamsaace._ badlus ln South Africo bDOh ts-rtes. ItePros With icgioicttan to uct theAfrican --"--0 hwmmpraudd toeafieco. " . Bill lo make W- u eofftdVl WOrk. ibudge this year is little above £15 titt tIh1 ~We v m, o s danst that exaindes the Tranke area, hone, t ensure that the ~nr laou force .wflTRE SOiUTH AFSSCAS itov rameo TIp h barg Str pouin out l edt-~ Cape thispoleylspraeotlybegimpeme.dedidod to clate te mrr Cffe son, that whei 83 per centoAfrieandldreo te& We In the Bleck Saab areoMfoed taEuruoan Night Sehols Assontlon, whicl attend school at me time, mareda haif ugratory lo because Of itebard~hip, for the post 22 year- provided fre love afr o iUlttemrote . the Isaecu and the disruo~of f~am

ev~a tulton for Africans in the Cape TOö t Str commn~ : 'But of curse our lffe which is eda~ upon thesystem. area. This move has Pcovohed critelsmi s Governout deea not really want edeated "InlSouthAfriea m~graloryworker have wthetoah Ariso ree ahutlit gcer t rcns u potlcy la to f it ~a loto freedom off novmat lie ~snbr icer sae ofeducatim, for Africas Is the P~-.a m t~ wh ol waues mw hm ta e ausra reas;lic ino u~ son withat being provided riia above labourer stls Inthe «white' t, , havenwr hta o~ ~~leer aruenlyolelseishare ca the cootlorot. area nd Opoiol la stilill g lo.å tbc. cyn ot have eq=aiyo troe~ln tox,ii bhm tor tor been te South Afrlcao, 'hotaed This being the tragic fridh af. woitiurance, be an dmemharobi Gavemcas east'that er Africana are the moter, and the was~ oftolentamtl of tade ~nlonsand weh cunell. Nor,ht Off Utan aww al bara.' ut. th of polley, the less boast~ about black do dey even have the right tohoge theirCape Tlmes recenty polted out that the educatico he bttar.j jobs .upsurge In edcatioat faciltlis from the .. var urban African's lif ta goveroad bysharato -the Zames in recent yearsa te aep lhi r ae haak and theb ~ ~aIe The Ivory Coast with poJLL Iåa ssessiön of metnts an o'et.... Rothird the Afria po ~ o'~ 43mtho ersoaeh.t........Afda Savage 1 aws ffe85"msrfrechildre t s ahoo h sae percee 1 his wote, to care his liväng, to have his~ore thn tht, In Ghana, with a tlen Lk A chikdren with himl is altare be lathrei o rtars~ that of th Afican popatie th is~ y ea r attatisbate h hAlrfl o te ir.ofSot 'eth mbrfhhhe White South Africans thichof the Africanf South Africa. the am. n er of children peade an 'The Balin - a ind of sb-humnare te primary s .ool n in South Afriea. ' ~ HAD been n ehnge In the'atith d upecio. They don't tLtod ofthem as human lisa p»ar pointo nf that where one of * South African Governmest and there belgs withfeaelgs, asp~rtoos, desires South Africa could elam to hava produced was io indicaion of ac chag, MroJe= and amhitions mg all the human inticti mora block graduates thas In the rost of Sinclair told BleckSash metobrs in her ,of , hate, fear,' jaid Mrs Sinelair. She the eb- egharas centint, now mera thanpresdoe~dlt oddress at Jahannasburg, ra, saidtme pass laos adlnfus ceoioIreduced 40,000 stdet ere a ~C . the- et w e to a of virtute contneot, (exelud~og the t AS), end coly The ettms to giva Mr Vorster a more s-oacfi t2,500 ofthm wre W.hiteSouth Afåno. baay.oninugelhd succeaded, se ~tald,Of thean ontsus motX,ttlls tiu eni ora hut te ljas o0 cli the top of th.Arcn.The p~pe ~ei act that Mora Icokerg. P a n gtigaodans are aiotyaInW.eteraloai~tln 'The lam pusedthcy ewmrW ut~ - .~Itan tls. tarlan an ever. Acta ouch an the SuppressionZamb with an Afr~can population of jut of communAmend e t, the Coloured P~tglitruras policerecoverd a qåntWunder fur milion caaict South Africea's Cadets Employmeo TracnAt, theEduca, of e~pooivea obenheyarroutedanAfricn 2 utiltioc, la opandog la 1917, £28 mulelin ton Act, the Terrorism Act are alt laws ata cearby ~ l resety, Ua maTbe c nedurotlonunder hia ptalandreeurrout which should shame all SouthAfrlcacs, In bis posseusca 408 damite rbeads - aout 20 per em of the total annual she säll. with fseo, me mgd a balf podurofbudget. South Africa's &Bantu Eduatimi 'in addition, Mr Vorster hs threo iao m,8 e as af jute.POSTS AND Telegrapis fliststr Altert Berteghas aceuoedtUnitedStatesofalg studct _xaenge irogrammesto p wychlogicaI arfare en South Africa.r"tertg EDI te American Cetralof dollars to make lie ycuth pi South Africa'eoathe eoeleie of their' fathere.ýUS.SOUTH Åican relations are going thrcegha rugh patch at present folloolng a clompdoon by t'retino nitifrae movameat of carisi Amarican dipomoata bctweesSoatth Africa and the former High CommlssuTerritires. It is also reported that the US Goverment Is baeming Inareanlgly an. :noyed at the South Afrianref~at of visas to prominent Americans WIshing to visit, the ~eacblte. Threo suchcasaeshaveceMrrud Inreent t [nvolvlng Professo

Gwnssolyn Carter, Professor Clark Kerr, and Rlph MOGIII, a -serous nspper publsher mgd editor mgd aoC pesot frqod ci Prouldent Johasoo.MR KENNETH 0BBS oroa edtor of lkerAfrica Neos Agency, has beem acuaitted by a Sab magsatraic of publishing a falsereprt -likey to erate 'ear, sarm or danpoadeny.Mr Mobbs issued a report on August 28 sayl~g 'terrorist. focght a pitched battle with soraity forces.' Hfaced a maxianim sefenca of sovma years if onitted, but the mgInate foand ha was Iot roupocsble for theohote report. The »brasa 'a pitobed battlem hod been added witbhut his 9 ~ .NONE OF the fendstaffsofferodforlte sc meals service ran by Momooaishlre edaca. tion committee were ofSouth African crlglo, the committec Iearot last month. This fot. lowed a directive to those subit tenders forthe sehoo meals suppites to exclude South Afriean 'oprdusts. MeanwtietheLiver. SCik Council ba rescindedthe deciclca it jade several years ogo in boycott South African ga~la.HITJTH.BOIKN irs 'Helen Joseto, who oas served with a hansiog order ber io mother fveyar period ofhouoe arrest In Ociober, will ask Justice htloster Pelser for reasonas. Mrs Joseph was firat plaoed under 12-hour hue rat In 1962. Her forser collangue Mrs LIllan NgQyl, frmer President o=8neSouthAfritaneder. abaof Wosen, has also been served with a flv.year bassing order, which does not loetude houne arrest hoever.WIDESEAD proieot haskfoloologthe visit to South Afrra lost s~sil of Sir oalmmed Zafrutla Ithan, aPåhistom r jdge at the World Court. At the end of hs visit to the Asian comnumity, he saw Pr5ne MinisterVorstar. Ho wished South Africa 'luckh in the aportheid -expertm~s-. The AAM has written to letters to thePael. sthnd HUgh Commissioner, and the Demo.eratbc Front of Pahstan in UK bas alo protested.SOUTH -FRcN tobaco king Anton Supert has ~fled to break Into the East Afritane an 0apu e af his aetts ~ ismany onutotade retritiescoslby Ugoed an Tmanso. Ffteen monh ago his Irt cigarette , othmans, opened ie R ~ trdlich in esy. Bathnan's ofitalt (Kenya) the new cenpy, bas lost orarly 2l8,00 lo lis frst year and It ta nowbolngmuay up. lis falltre is attritbuted to te tn faetors that its ma rival lo too vall etrecced n lhtthe restrictioslmposed bylh aegh~ b~ tato oarinosge certed sa .DÅVEI-SiHifPR ON i4ÄRD-SEtL TRAÅiN6 ORGÅNISATION