National Historic Landmarks 1 9 8 7

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National Historic Landmarks 1 9 8 7

CATALOG OF NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS

1987

Compiled by the History Division, National Park Service

United States Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 1987

CATALOG OF NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS

1987

This catalog includes all National Historic Landmarks designated through June 30, 1987.

Entries in the catalogue are listed by state. Under each state heading, listings are in alphabetical order under the individual Landmark names. Each entry is in the following format:

HISTORIC NAME OF THE LANDMARK Local address City, County Historic date(s); architect (if known)

Brief description of the Landmark and its significance, followed by the date of its designation as a National Historic Landmark.

In general, the historic date in entries on individual structures is the date of construction. For historic sites such as battlefields, the dates of significant historic events are given.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction i-iv Alabama 1 Alaska 5 Ame rican Samoa 12 Arizona 13 Arkansas 18 California 20 Colorado 36 Connect icut 38 Delaware 43 District of Columbia 45 Florida 53 Georg ia 57 Hawaii 63 Idaho 67 Illinois 68 Indiana 77 Iowa 80 Kansas 82 Kentucky 85 Louisiana 88 Maine 95 Marshall Islands, Republic of the 98 Maryland 99 Massachusetts 106 Michigan 126 Micronesia, Federated States of 129 Midway Islands 130 Minnesota 131 Mississippi 134 Missouri 138 Montana 143 Morocco, Kingdom of 146 Nebraska 147 Nevada 150 New Hampshire 151 New Je rsey 154 New Mexico 161 New York 167 North Carolina 193 North Dakota 197 Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth of the 198 Ohio 199 Oklahoma 207 Oregon 210 Palau, Republic of 213 Pennsylvania 214 Puerto Rico 231 Rhode Island 232

South Carolina 237 South Dakota 247 Tennessee 249 Texas 253 Utah 258 Vermont 260 Virginia 262 Virgin Islands 279 Wake Island 280 Washington 281 West Virginia 284 Wisconsin 285 Wyoming 288

INTRODUCTION

Purpose of the Nationa1 H i s t o r i c Landmarks Program

The National Park Service conducts the National Hi s to r i c Landmarks Program to iden t i fy , des igna te , recognize, and encourage the preserva t ion of bu i ld ings , s t r u c t u r e s , s i t e s , and ob jec t s of na t ional s i gn i f i c ance . National Hi s to r i c Landmarks commemorate and i l l u s t r a t e the h i s t o r y and p reh i s to ry of the United S t a t e s . Landmark designat ion a id s planning by government agencies , p r iva t e o rgan iza t ions , and ind iv idua ls because i t i s the primary Federal means of recognizing the na t iona l s ign i f icance of h i s t o r i c p r o p e r t i e s . The program i s a l s o one of the major t oo l s used to s c ru t i n i ze proposals for addi t ions t o the National Park System and to s e l e c t nominations to the World Heritage L i s t .

The Park Service conducts the landmarks program for the Secre tary of the I n t e r i o r . I t i s a cooperative endeavor of government agencies , s p e c i a l i s t s , and independent o rganiza t ions sharing knowledge with the Park Service and working j o i n t l y t o ident i fy and preserve National H i s to r i c landmarks. The program i s an important a id t o the preserva t ion of many outstanding h i s t o r i c p laces t h a t are not in the National Park System. By mid-1987, 1811 p r o p e r t i e s had been designated National H i s to r i c Landmarks.

Designation of National H i s to r i c Landmarks

Landmarks are nominated based on s tud ies prepared or overseen by Park Service p r o f e s s i o n a l s . Nominations are then evaluated by the National Park System Advisory Board, a committee of scholars and in t e re s t ed c i t i z e n s . The Board recommends p rope r t i e s tha t should be designated t o the Secre tary of the I n t e r i o r ; dec i s ions on des igna t ion , however, r e s t with the Secre ta ry . Potent i a l Landmarks are nominated through theme s tud i e s and, in some ca se s , by spec ia l s t ud i e s outs ide of theme s t u d i e s . Theme s tud i e s are surveys of p r o p e r t i e s r e l a t ed t o an aspect of American c u l t u r e . In them, a number of p r o p e r t i e s deal ing with the same subject are evaluated a t the same t ime, using the National Hi s to r i c Landmarks c r i t e r i a and the theme ou t l i ne in History and Preh is tory in the National Park System and the National Hi s to r i c Landmarks Program. Special s t ud i e s of individual p r o p e r t i e s for landmark des ignat ion may a l so be conducted. These may be mandated by the Congress or the Executive Branch and often include endangered p r o p e r t i e s . Nomination s t u d i e s are prepared by h i s t o r i a n s , a r cheo log i s t s , and anthropologis t s fami l ia r with the broad range of the Nat ion ' s h i s t o r i c and p r e h i s t o r i c s i t e s and themes.

C r i t e r i a of National Signif icance

The following c r i t e r i a are prescr ibed for eva lua t ing p rope r t i e s nominated for des ignat ion as National H i s to r i c Landmarks. The National Park System Advisory Board app l i e s these in reviewing nominations and making recommendations to the Secre tary as t o whether a nominated property possesses nat ional s i g n i f i cance. The c r i t e r i a e s t a b l i s h the q u a l i t a t i v e framework in which comparative ana lys i s of h i s t o r i c p r o p e r t i e s takes p l ace .

i

National significance is ascribed to districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess exceptional value or quality in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States in history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture, and that possess a hiqh degree of integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and:

(1) that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to, and are identified with, or that outstandingly represent, the broad national patterns of United States history and from which an understanding and appreciation of those patterns may be gained; or

(2) that are associated importantly with the lives of persons nationally significant in the history of the United States; or

(3) that represent some great idea or ideal of the American people; or

(4) that embody the distinguishing characteristics of an architectural type specimen exceptionally valuable for the study of a period, style, or method of construction, or that represent a significant, distinctive, and exceptional entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or

(5) that are composed of integral parts of the environment not sufficiently significant by reason of historical association or artistic merit to warrant individual recognition but collectively compose an entity of exceptional historical or artistic significance, or outstandingly commemorate or illustrate a way of life or culture; or

(6) that have yielded or may be likely to yield information of major scientific importance by revealing new cultures, or by shedding light upon periods of occupation over large areas of the United States. Such sites are those which have yielded, or which may reasonably be expected to yield, data affecting theories, concepts, and ideas to a major degree.

Ineligible Properties and Exceptions to Exclusions

Ordinarily, cemeteries, birthplaces, graves of historical figures, properties owned by religious institutions or used for religious purposes, structures that have been moved from their original locations, reconstructed historic buildings, and properties that have achieved significance within the past 50 years are not eligible for designation. If such properties fall within the following categories they may, nevertheless, be found to qualify:

(1) a religious property deriving its primary national significance from architectural or artistic distinction or importance in a historical field other than religion; or

(2) a building or structure removed from its original location but which is nationally significant primarily for its architectural merit, or for association with persons or events of transcendent importance in the nation's history and the association consequential; or

ii

(3) a site of a building or structure no longer standing but the person or event associated with it is of transcendent importance in the nation's history, and the association consequential; or

(4) a birthplace, grave, or burial site if it is of a historical figure of transcendent national significance and no other appropriate site, building, or structure directly associated with the productive life of that person exists, or

(5) a cemetery that derives its primary national significance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, or from an exceptionally distinctive design or an exceptionally significant event; or

(6) a reconstructed building or ensemble of buildings of extraordinary national significance when accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and when no other buildings or structures with the same association have survived; or

(7) a property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has invested it with its own national historical significance ; or

(8) a property achieving national significance within the past 50 years if it is of extraordinary national importance.

Recognition and Effects of Designation

After the Secre tary of the I n t e r i o r has designated a Landmark, the Landmark owner rece ives a c e r t i f i c a t e of designat ion signed by the Secretary and the Director of the National Park Serv ice . The Park Service i nv i t e s the owner to accept a free plaque bearing the name of the property and a t t e s t i n g t o i t s na t iona l s i gn i f i c ance . The plaque i s presented to owners who pledge t o p r e serve the Landmark and to d isplay the plaque pub l ic ly and appropr i a t e ly . The c e r t i f i c a t e and plaque remain the property of the Park Service, but are e n t r u s ted to the care of the owner. In accepting the plaque, the owner gives up none of the r i g h t s and p r i v i l e g e s of ownership or use of the proper ty; nor does the Department of the I n t e r i o r acquire a legal i n t e r e s t in the proper ty . The owner of a ILandmark i s not required to grant publ ic access , althouqh seme do. Thus, persons wishing to v i s i t a Landmark should inquire in advance whether the property i s open to the pub l i c .

Upon des igna t ion , ILandmark p rope r t i e s not already l i s t e d in the National Regis ter of Hi s to r i c Places are entered in the Reg is te r . The Regis ter i s the Federal Government's l i s t of p laces worthy of p rese rva t ion , and t h i s l i s t includes p laces of S t a t e , l o c a l , and na t iona l s i gn i f i cance . Lis t ing of p r iva te proper ty in the Regis ter does not p r o h i b i t , under Federal law or r egu la t ion , any ac t ions which may otherwise l ega l ly be taken by the owner.

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Withdrawal of Designation

Landmark designation may be withdrawn for four reasons, if: (1) the Landmark has lost the qualities for which it was designated; (2) new information demonstrates that the property dees not meet the criteria; (3) professional error has been made; or (4) procedural error occurred in the designation process. (For legal reasons, a designation before December 13, 1980, can be withdrawn only if the property in question has lost the qualities for which it was originally designated.) If the History Division decides a study for revocation or boundary change is warranted, it will conduct and process a study in the same manner as for a nomination study. When designation is withdrawn, by the Secretary, the Park Service reclaims the National Historic Landmark certificate and plaque.

Other Regulations

The legal description of the National Historic Landmarks Program is found in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (36 CFR 65). The regulations cite the statutory authorities for the program and related Federal laws. State and local historic preservation laws and regulations may also apply to Landmarks and other historic properties; information on these matters may be obtained from the State Historic Preservation Officer in the State or from the local jurisdiction in which the property is located.

The National Historic Landmarks Program focuses attention on places of exceptional value to the nation as a whole, by recognizing and promoting the preservation efforts of private organizations, individuals, and government agencies. Designation often leads to increased public attention to and interest in a property. This catalog is intended to aid the reader in identifying and understanding the National Historic Landmarks of the United States.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * For further information, please contact: *

* * * History Division (418) * * National Park Service * * P.O. Box 37127 * * Washington, DC 20013-7127 * * (202) 343-8174 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

iv

ALABAMA (24)

ALABAMA STATE CAPITOL See FIRST CONFEDERATE CAPITOL

APALACHICOLA FORT SITE Near Holy Trinity Russell County 1690

BARTON HALL Near Cherokee, Colbert County 1840s; Armstead Barton

CITY HALL 111 S. Royal Street Mobile, Mobile County 1858

CLAYTON (HENRY D.) HOUSE 1 m i l e s o u t h of C l a y t o n Ba rbour County c . 1850

CONFEDERATE CAPITOL (FIRST)

CURRY ( J . L. M.) HOME Near T a l l a d e g a T a l l a d e g a County E a r l y 1 9 t h c e n t u r y

DEXTER AVENUE BAPTIST CHURCH 454 D e x t e r Avenue Montgomery, Montgomery County 1878

FIRST CONFEDERATE CAPITOL (Alabama S t a t e C a p i t o l )

E a s t end of D e x t e r Avenue Montgomery, Montgomery County 1 8 5 1 ; George N i c h o l s

N o r t h e r n m o s t S p a n i s h o u t p o s t on t h e C h a t t a h o o c h e e R i v e r , b u i l t t o p r e v e n t B r i t i s h i n r o a d s among t h e l o v e r Creek I n d i a n s . J u l y 19 , 1964.

T h i s 2 - s t o r y frame c l a p b o a r d - s i d e d house h a s a s m a l l p o r t i c o s u p p o r t e d by f o u r f l u t e d D o r i c c o l u m n s . I t i s an 1840s t r a n s i t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e w i t h b o t h F e d e r a l and Greek R e v i v a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

B u i l t o r i g i n a l l y a s a m a r k e t p l a c e , t h i s Greek R e v i v a l b r i c k b u i l d i n g s e r v e d a s an armory d u r i n g t h e C i v i l War. T h i s s t r u c t u r e i s a t w i n - g a b l e d b u i l d i n g i n t h e c e n t e r c o n n e c t e d t o s m a l l e r o u t e r b u i l d i n g s by c r e n e l l a t e d wing w a l l s . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

Longtime r e s i d e n c e of t h e member of t h e U . S . House of R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s (1897-1914) who a u t h o r e d t h e C l a y t o n A n t i - T r u s t Act ( 1 9 1 4 ) . C l a y t o n a l s o a d v o c a t e d j u d i c i a l r e f o r m . A 1-1/2 s t o r y g a b l e - r o o f e d , L- shaped h o u s e . December 8 , 1976.

See FIRST CONFEDERATE CAPITOL

Cur ry was i n s t r u m e n t a l i n d e v e l o p i n g p u b l i c e d u c a t i o n and t e a c h e r - t r a i n i n g p rograms i n t h e Sou th in t h e l a t e 19 th c e n t u r y . He a l s o s e r v e d i n t h e U . S . and C o n f e d e r a t e Houses of R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s and a s M i n i s t e r t o S p a i n ( 1 8 8 5 - 8 8 ) . December 2 1 , 1965.

The o r i g i n a l h e a d q u a r t e r s of t h e Montgomery Improvement A s s o c i a t i o n , headed by Dr. M a r t i n L u t h e r K ing , J r . , which c a r r i e d o u t a s u c c e s s f u l b o y c o t t of s e g r e g a t e d c i t y b u s e s i n 1955 . The c h u r c h i s a s m a l l , e c l e c t i c -s t y l e b u i l d i n g . May 30 , 1974.

S i t e of A l a b a m a ' s s e c e s s i o n c o n v e n t i o n , t h e a d o p t i o n of t h e C o n f e d e r a t e C o n s t i t u t i o n , t h e i n a u g u r a t i o n of J e f f e r s o n Dav i s a s p r o v i s i o n a l P r e s i d e n t of t h e C o n f e d e r a c y , and t h e f i r s t s e s s i o n of t h e C o n f e d e r a t e C o n g r e s s ( 1 8 6 1 ) . tecember 1 9 , 1960 .

FORT JACKSON See FORT TOULOUSE SITE

1

Alabama

FORT MORGAN Mobile Point, Baldwin County 1819-34

FORT TOULOUSE SITE (Fort Jackson)

4 miles southwest of Wetumpka

Elmore County 1717, 1814

GAINESWOOD 805 S. Cedar Street Demopolis, Marengo County 1842-60; Nathan Bryan Whitfield

Significant in Admiral Farragut's 1864 naval battle that opened Mobile Bay to the Union Navy and sealed off the port of Mobile to Confederate shipping. December 19, 1960.

French Fort Toulouse, at the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers, was useful in extending French influence in the Southeast. Andrew Jackson built Fort Jackson on the abandoned site in 1814. It was the scene of negotiations that concluded the Creek War. The site of the fort, two monuments, and traces of what was probably a powder magazine may be viewed today. October 9, 1960.

Designed and built over an 18-year period by its owner, this is a sprawling Greek Revival mansion with Italianate influences, an atypical plan, and elaborate interior detail. November 7, 1973.

MOBILE CITY HALL See CITY HALL

MOTOiCMERY UNION STATION AND TRAINSHED

Water S t r e e t Montgomery, Montgomery County 1897-98

MOUNDVILLE SITE Near Moundville Hale County 1000-1500

NFJJTRAL BUOYANCY SPACE SIMULATOR

George C. Marshall Space F l igh t Center

Huntsv i l l e , Madison County 1955-present; U. S. Army, NASA

PROPULSION AND STRUCTURAL TEST FACILITY (Solid Motor Struc

tural Test Facility) George C. Marshall Space Flight

Center Huntsville, Madison County 1957-present; U.S. Army, NASA

An exce l l en t example of l a t e 19th-century commercial a r c h i t e c t u r e , the Montgomery Union S ta t ion i s most s i gn i f i c an t for i t s t r a inshed , which i l l u s t r a t e s the adaptat ion of br idge-bui ld ing techniques to s h e l t e r s t r u c t u r e s , an important s t ep in the h i s t o r y of American engineer ing . December 8, 1976.

Ceremonial mound s i t e with 34 ex tan t mounds, a museum displaying s i t e a r t i f a c t s , and bu r i a l a r e a s . Represents a major period of Miss iss ippian cu l tu re in the Southern United S t a t e s . Ju ly 19, 1964.

Used t o fami l i a r i ze Apollo a s t r o n a u t s , as well as engineers and des igners , with the dynamics of zero g rav i ty t h a t would be encountered in opera t ions under weight less condi t ions in space . October 3, 1985.

Through i t s cont inual use and modification t o meet the demands of new programs t h i s f a c i l i t y i l l u s t r a t e s the primary mission assigned to the Army B a l l i s t i c Missi le Agency and the Marshall Space F l igh t Center — the development of large launch vehic les and propulsion systems needed to support the American Space Program. October 3 , 1985.

2

Alabama

REDSTONE TEST STAND George C. M a r s h a l l Space

F l i g h t C e n t e r H u n t s v i l l e , Madison County 1 9 5 3 - 6 1 ; U. S . Army

ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH P r a i r i e v i l l e , Hale County 1853

The f i r s t r o c k e t t e s t s t a n d i n t h e U. S . t o accommodate an e n t i r e l a u n c h v e h i c l e f o r s t a t i c t e s t s . I t was i m p o r t a n t i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of t h e J u p i t e r C and M e r c u r y -Reds tone v e h i c l e s t h a t l a u n c h e d t h e f i r s t U. S . s a t e l l i t e and t h e f i r s t Amer ican manned s p a c e f l i g h t . O c t o b e r 3 , 1985 .

G o t h i c - d e s i g n c o u n t r y c h u r c h b u i l t by members ' s l a v e s , u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n of m a s t e r -c a r p e n t e r s l a v e s . S i m i l a r t o a d e s i g n i n R i c h a r d U p j o h n ' s R u r a l A r c h i t e c t u r e . The d e t a i l i s s i m p l e : b o a r d - a n d - b a t t e n s i d i n g , a r c h e d windows, and handsome d o o r s w i t h l a r g e w r o u g h t - i r o n h i n g e s . November 7 , 1973 .

SATURN V DYNAMIC TEST STAND (Dynamic S t r u c t u r a l T e s t F a c i l i t y )

George C. M a r s h a l l Space F l i g h t C e n t e r

H u n t s v i l l e , Madison County 1 9 6 4 - p r e s e n t ; N a t i o n a l A e r o n a u t i c s

and Space A d m i n i s t r a t i o n

SATURN V LAUNCH VT.HICLE T r a n q u i l i t y Base H u n t s v i l l e , Madison County 1 9 6 5 - 1 9 7 3 ; N a t i o n a l A e r o n a u t i c s


SLOSS BLAST FU73NACES 1 s t Avenue and 32d S t r e e t Bi rmingham, J e f f e r s o n County 1881-82

A f t e r e a c h S a t u r n V r o c k e t was t e s t e d on t h e f i r i n g s t a n d , i t r e c e i v e d f u r t h e r t e s t i n g h e r e a s p a r t of t h e e x h a u s t i v e g r o u n d - t e s t i n g p r o gram t h a t was a p r i m a r y r e a s o n f o r t h e s u c c e s s of t h e American manned s p a c e p rog ram. O c t o b e r 3 , 1985 .

Developed by t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s f o r t h e p u r pose of l a n d i n g a man on t h e moon. T h i s v e h i c l e was t h e f i r s t S a t u r n V c o n s t r u c t e d by t h e M a r s h a l l Space F l i g h t C e n t e r u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n of Dr . Werner von Braun and s e r v e d a s t h e t e s t v e h i c l e f o r a l l of t h e S a t u r n s u p p o r t f a c i l i t i e s a t t h e M a r s h a l l Space F l i g h t C e n t e r . F e b r u a r y 10 , 1987 .

O l d e s t r e m a i n i n g b l a s t f u r n a c e complex i n t h e a r e a , i n o p e r a t i o n u n t i l 1970 . I t s y m b o l i z e s p o s t - C i v i l War e f f o r t s t o i n d u s t r i a l i z e t h e South and r e p r e s e n t s A l a b a m a ' s e a r l y 2 0 t h c e n t u r y p r e e m i n e n c e i n p i g i r o n and c a s t i r o n p i p e p r o d u c t i o n . May 2 9 , 1 9 8 1 .

STATE CAPITOL See FIRST (CONFEDERATE CAPITOL

SWAYNE HALL, TALIADEGA COLLEGE T a l l a d e g a , T a l l a d e g a County 1857

O l d e s t b u i l d i n g on t h e campus, b u i l t b e f o r e t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of t h e s c h o o l i n 1867. T a l l a d e g a p u r s u e d a s t r o n g l i b e r a l a r t s p r o gram i n a p e r i o d when v o c a t i o n a l ism domina ted B lack e d u c a t i o n . December 2 , 1974.

3

Alabama

TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE Vicinity of Tuskegee Macon County 1881

A major institution historically devoted to the education of Black Americans, especially noted for contributions to agricultural research. A memorial to Booker T. Washington, a driving force behind its establishment and prosperity. June 23, 1965. (Some buildings now included in Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site.)

USS ALABAMA Battleship Parkway Mobile, Mobile County 1942

USS DRUM Battleship Parkway Mobile, Mobile County 1941

WILSON DAM Florence vicinity Colbert and Lauderdale Counties

1918-25

Representative of the South Dakota class of American battleships. Represents the continued American preparation for World War II and the development of more advanced battleship design. From 1943 on, she saw continu-ouse action in both the European and Pacific theaters of operation and earned nine battle stars for her World War II service. January 14, 1986.

The first of the Gato class of submarines to be completed before World War II. Represents the standard design for American fleet submarines at the beginning of the war. They proved to be fast, strong, well-armed, and suited to the long patrols necessary for fighting in the Pacific, and they bore the brunt of the fighting against the Japanese. She sank 15 Japanese ships and earned 12 battle stars for her service. January 14, 1986.

First hydroelectric operation to come under the Tennessee Valley Authority, and produced the first commercial power in 1925. November 13, 1966.

YANCEY (WILLIAM LOWNDES) LAW OFFICE

Washington and N. Perry streets Montgomery, Montgomery County 19th century

DE-DESIGNATED: March 5, 1986. (Originally designated November 7, 1973.)

4

ALASKA (44)

ADAK ARMY BASE AND ADAK NAVAL OPERATING BASE

Adak Is land , Aleutian I s lands 1942-1945

Located on an is land in the Aleutian chain about 1,400 a i r miles southwest of Anchorage, these World War I I i n s t a l l a t i o n s allowed American forces t o mount a successful offensive agains t the Japanese-held Aleutian i s lands of Kiska and At tu . As the most wester ly naval opera t i ons base , s t a r t i n g in the f a l l of 1942, i t provided support t o the ships and submarines of the North Pac i f ic Force in t h e i r f igh t against the enemy. February 27, 1986.

ALASKA NATIVE BROTHERHOOD HALL Katlean S t r ee t S i tka , Baranof Island 1914

Headquarters bui ldinq of the o r i g i n a l chapter of the Alaska Native BrotherhcKxi/Sisterhood Socie ty , founded in 1912 to f ight d i sc r iminat ion agains t Alaska 's na t ives and t o obtain recogni t ion of t h e i r r i g h t s and compensation for t h e i r l ands . June 2, 1978.

AMERICAN FLAG-RAISING SITE Cast le H i l l Sitka, Baranof Island 1867

The lowering of the Russian f lag and the r a i s ing of the United S t a t e s f lag here symbolized the t r ans fe r of sovereignty over Alaska. June 13, 1962.

ANANGULA ARCHEOLOGICAL DISTRICT Ananiuliak Is land 6500-6000 BC

Vil lage s i t e occupied by Eskimo-Aleuts who migrated along the Alaska Peninsula land br idge . Recent excavations have uncovered the e a r l i e s t flaked stone a r t i f a c t s of these people yet found. June 2, 1978.

ANVIL CREEK GOLD DISCOVERY SITE About 4 miles north of Nome 1898

Or ig ina l ly designated December 21 , 1965. Now a pa r t of the CAPE NOME MINING DISTRICT DISCOVERY SITES National Hi s to r i c Landmark.

ATTU BATTLEFIELD AND U.S. ARMY AND NAVY AIRFIELDS ON ATTU

Attu I s l and , Aleutian Is lands 1942-45

S i t e of the only World War I I b a t t l e in North America. I t s occupation by Japanese t roops marked the peak of Japan ' s m i l i t a r y expansion in the P a c i f i c . I t s recapture by Americans in 1943 was cos t l y for both s i d e s , and provided a base for bombing miss ions agains t Japanese t e r r i t o r i e s . February 4, 1985.

BERING EXPEDITION LANDING SITE Katalla Kayak Island 1741

Here n a t u r a l i s t Georg W. S t e l l e r , surgeon aboard Vitus Ber ing ' s S t . Pe te r , made the f i r s t at tempts a t contact between Europeans and Alaskan n a t i v e s . His i nves t iga t ions are among the f i r s t con t r ibu t ions to the West 's knowledge of the na tura l and human h i s to ry of the reg ion . June 2, 1978.

5

Alaska

BIRNIRK SITE 5 miles northeast of Barrow 500 AD-present

A s e r i e s of mounds tha t provide a rcheolo-g i c a l information on the development of three d i s t i c t c u l t u r e s r e l a t ed t o the Eskimos of t h i s a r ea . December 29, 1962.

CAPE FIELD AT FORT GLENN (Umnak Island)

Aleutian Islands 1942-45; U.S. Army

CAPE KRUSENSTERN ARCHEOLOGICAL DISTRICT

v i c i n i t y of Cape Krusenstern 9000 BC-present

Was the army's most wester ly a i r f i e l d in the Aleut ians when i t was b u i l t e a r l y in 1942. When, on June 3 and 4 , 1942, the Japanese at tacked Dutch Harbor, a naval i n s t a l l a t i o n on adjacent Unalaska I s land , a i r c r a f t from t h i s f i e ld took par t in the coun te ra t t ack . A number of missions were a l so flown on June 7 out of t h i s base agains t the Japanese who had occupied Kiska I s land , another in the Aleutian cha in . The runways and coas ta l a r t i l l e r y emplacements from World War I I su rv ive . May 28, 1987.

Marine beach r idges (numbering 114) and adjacent surface depos i t s conta in evidence of near ly every major c u l t u r a l period in Arc t ic h i s t o r y . November 7, 1973. (A por t ion of t h i s landmark in December 1980 became p a r t of Cape Krusenstern National Monument.)

CAPE K)M£ MINING DISTRICT DISCOVERY SITES

Nome v i c i n i t y 1898

Includes the loca t ions of the Lindblom and Discovery Placer gold mines tha t in 1898 s t a r t e d Alaska ' s g r e a t e s t gold rush . June 2, 1978.

CEALUTCA SITE Nikolski v i c i n i t y Umnak Is land 1800 BC-present

CHIIJKOOT TRAIL AND DYEA SITE Dyea to the Canadian border 1897-98

S i te conta ins a large s t r a t i f i e d v i l l a q e mound appearing to represent a l l the periods of c u l t u r e iden t i f i ed in the Aleu t ians , tecember 29, 1962

Prospectors and "roomers" used the Chilkoot and White Pass T r a i l s to reach the Klondike and Upper Yukon Valley during the Klondike gold rush . June 16, 1978. (Part of Klondike Gold Rush National Hi s to r i c S i t e . )

CRURCH OF THE ASSUMPTION OF THE VIRGIN MARY

See HOLY ASSUMPTION ORTHODOX CHURCH

CHURCH OF THE HOLY ASCENSION Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Is land 1826, 1894

Constructed by the descendants of Russian fur t r a d e r s who es t ab l i shed an outpost here about 1766. The e a r l i e r church (1826) was incorporated in to the present s t r u c t u r e . April 15, 1970.

6

Alaska

DRY CREEK ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE Ligni te v i c i n i t y c . 9000 BC

This s i t e , the o ldes t r e l i a b l y dated locat ion of human occupation in Alaska, revea ls evidence tha t a s s o c i a t e s man with e x t i n c t Pleis tocene fauna of S i b e r i a , thus supporting the theory of a land bridge between Asia and Alaska. June 2, 1978.

BOTCH HARBOR NAVAL OPERATING BASE AND FORT MEARS, U. S . ARMY

U n a l a s k a , Amaknak I s l a n d Aleutian I s lands 1940-45

Far thes t west of the navy's Alaska bases when the Japanese a t tacked the Aleut ians in 1942, i t was bombed for two days when the a t t ack came, in the most se r ious a i r a t t ack on North American t e r r i t o r y during World War I I . An important pa r t of coas ta l defenses throughout the war. February 4, 1985.

DYEA SITE See CHILKOOT TRAIL

EAGLE HISTORIC DISTRICT Eagle 1880-1904

ERSKINE HOUSE Main and Mission s t r e e t s Kodiak Kodiak Island Borough p r i o r t o 1867

A mi l i a a ry , j u d i c i a l , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , and communications hub of t um-o f - t he - cen tu ry i n t e r i o r Alaska. Fort Egbert was es tab l i shed as a con t ro l s t a t i o n and headquarters for northern Alaska in 1899. In 1905, Roald Amundsen trekked to Eagle t o announce to the world the completion of the f i r s t successful Northwest Passage. More than 100 bui ld ings from the h i s t o r i c e r a remain, including the Federal courthouse and s t r u c t u r e s of Fort Egbert . June 2, 1978.

The only surviving s t r u c t u r e known to have been associa ted with both the Russian American Company and the Alaska Commercial Company, t rading companies tha t were con t ro l l i ng fac tors in the Russian and e a r l y American adminis t ra t ion of Alaska. June 13, 1962.

FORT ABERCRCMBIE See KODIAK NAVAL OPERATING BASE

FORT rXJRHAM SITE Taku Harbor v i c i n i t y Juneau Borough 1840-43

One of three pos t s e s t ab l i shed in 1840 by the B r i t i s h Hudson's Bay Company, Fort Durham represented a challenge t o Russ ia ' s cont ro l of Alaska. June 2, 1978.

FORT GREELY

FORT MEARS

FORT WAINWRIGHT

See KODIAK NAVAL OPERATING BASE

See DUTCH HARBOR NAVAL OPERATING BASE

See LADD FIELD

FORT WILLIAM H. SEWARD P o r t C h i l k o o t , H a i n e s Borough 1904-46

Subs tan t i a l remains of the l a s t of 11 f o r t s b u i l t during the peak years of the Alaskan gold rush (1897-1904). Closed a t the end of World War I I . June 2, 1978.

7

Alaska

FUR SEAL ROOKERIES S t . Paul Is land P r ib i l o f I s l ands

Seal herds on the P r i b i l o f s have long a t t r a c t e d fur hun te r s : f i r s t , the na t ive peoples of the Bering Sea area and, s ince the 18th cen tury , people of many other n a t i o n a l i t i e s . An i n t e rn a t i o n a l conservation agreement between the United S t a t e s , the United Kingdom, Russia, and Japan (1911) has insured the p r e serva t ion of the i s l a n d s ' f lour i sh ing herds , in an important example of the p r i nc ip l e of i n t e rna t i on a l a r b i t r a t i o n . June 13, 1962.

GALLAGHER FLINT STATION ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE

Sagwon v i c i n i t y North Slope Borough 8590 BC

The e a r l i e s t dated archeoloqical s i t e in northern Alaska, demonstrating s t rong a f f i n i t i e s between the indigenous peoples of Alaska and S i b e r i a . June 2, 1978.

GAMBELL SITES Northwest Cape S t . Lawrence Is land c . 100 AD-present

House and v i l l a g e s i t e s e rec ted over a period of about 2,000 yea r s . The sequence of c u l t u r a l waves from mainland Asia produced unique a r t s t y l e s and p r a c t i c e s . F i r s t s i t e s in the Great e r Bering S t r a i t region to be inves t iga ted a rcheo log ica l ly . December 29, 1962.

HOLY ASSUMPTION ORTHODOX CHURCH

Kenai, Kenai Peninsula Borough 1894-96

Considered the best -preserved example in Alaska of a 19th-century Russian Orthodox church with a q u a d r i l a t e r a l ground p lan . April 15, 1970.

IPIUTAK SITE Point Hope Peninsula 300 AD

Largest known Paleo-Eskimo community, covering 200 acres of tundra . Reveals a p r e h i s t o r i c cu l tu re which was a forerunner of l a t e r Eskimo s o c i e t i e s . January 20, 1961.

IYATAYET SITE Cape Denbigh Peninsula 6000 BC-800 AD

A s t r a t i f i e d s i t e exh ib i t ing evidences of the Denbigh F l in t Complex (6000-4000 BC), the Norton Culture (500 BC-300 AD), and the Nukleet Eskimos (800 AD). Many elements of e a r l i e s t -level a r t i f a c t s show a f f i n i t i e s with Old World P a l e o l i t h i c and Mesoli thic c u l t u r e s . January 20, 1961.

JAPANESE OCCUPATION SITE, KISKA ISLAND

Kiska Island, Aleutian Islands 1942-43

Occupied in June 1942, by the Japanese during World War II, along with Attu, and abandoned by them in response to the fall of Attu and American attacks on shipping. The Japanese withdrawal was accomplished in secrecy and with no loss of lives. February 4, 1985.

8

Alaska

KENNECOTT MINES N o r t h Bank, N a t i o n a l Creek

E a s t of K e n n i c o t t G l a c i e r K e n n e c o t t , Cordova-McCar thy Division

1901

A v e s t i g e of an e a r l y 2 0 t h - c e n t u r y c o p p e r min ing camp, i t r e p r e s e n t s t h e min ing t e c h n o l o g i e s of t h e e r a . The m i n e s h e r e were among t h e n a t i o n ' s l a r g e s t and c o n t a i n e d t h e l a s t of t h e g r e a t h i g h - g r a d e c o p p e r o r e d e p o s i t s of t h e American Wes t . The w o r l d ' s f i r s t a m m o n i a - l e a c h i n g p l a n t , f o r e x t r a c t i n g h i g h e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of o r e from l o w - g r a d e o r e s , was d e s i g n e d and f i r s t s u c c e s s f u l l y u sed on a commerc ia l s c a l e h e r e . The camp i s l i t t l e changed s i n c e i t s 1938 c l o s i n g . J u n e 2 3 , 1986 .

KISKA ISLAND

KODIAK NAVAL OPERATING BASE AND FORTS GREELY AND ABERCROMBIE

V i c i n i t y of Kodiak Kodiak D i s t r i c t 1941-44

LADD FIELD ( F o r t W a i n w r i g h t ) V i c i n i t y of F a i r b a n k s F a i r b a n k s - N o r t h S t a r Borough 1938-45

LEFFINGWELL CAMP SITE Flaxman I s l a n d 1906-14

NEW RUSSIA SITE Y a k u t a t v i c i n i t y 1796

ONION PORTAGE ARCHFXJLOGICAL DISTRICT

Kiana v i c i n i t y 8000 BC-1700 AD

PALUGVTK SITE Rip Rock v i c i n i t y Hawkins I s l a n d 1200 AD

See JAPANESE OCCUPATION SITE, KISKA ISLAND

P r i n c i p a l advance n a v a l b a s e i n A l a s k a and t h e Nor th P a c i f i c when World War I I b roke o u t , i t s s h i p s and s u b m a r i n e s p l a y e d a c r i t i c a l r o l e i n t h e A l e u t i a n campa ign . A j o i n t o p e r a t i o n s c e n t e r h e r e d i r e c t e d A l a s k a n o p e r a t i o n s i n 1 9 4 2 - 4 3 . F e b r u a r y 4 , 1985 .

Begun a s an Army A i r Corps c o l d - w e a t h e r e x p e r i m e n t a l s t a t i o n , i t became d u r i n g World War I I t h e c r i t i c a l s i t e f o r t r a n s f e r of American l e n d - l e a s e p l a n e s t o S o v i e t c r e w s . F e b r u a r y 4 , 1985 .

T h i s l o c a t i o n i n c l u d e s t h e c a b i n of g e o l o g i s t E r n e s t de Koven L e f f i n g w e l l , who l i v e d h e r e a l m o s t c o n t i n u o u s l y be tween 1906 and 1914 . N e a r l y s i n q l e h a n d e d l y , he compi led t h e f i r s t d e t a i l e d map of t h e c o a s t l i n e be tween P o i n t Barrow and D e m a r c a t i o n Bay, an i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i z e d a c c o m p l i s h m e n t . June 2 , 1978 .

S i t e of a ma jo r R u s s i a n t r a d i n g p o s t d e s t r o y e d by t h e T l i n g i t I n d i a n s i n 1805 . T h i s e v e n t long p o s t p o n e d European p e n e t r a t i o n of t h e T l i n g i t r e g i o n . June 2 , 1978 .

Nine c u l t u r a l c o m p l e x e s , r a n g i n g from P a l e o -I n d i a n s of t h e Akmak Complex ( c . 8000-6500 EC) t o t h e A r c t i c Woodland Eskimo ( c . 1000-1700 AD), have e x i s t e d i n t h i s a r e a , which i n c l u d e s Onion P o r t a g e s i t e p r o p e r , a d e e p l y s t r a t i f i e d r i v e r - e d g e s i t e , and a s e r i e s of s m a l l e r s i t e s r e p r e s e n t i n g i n d i v i d u a l s e t t l e m e n t s of e a c h of t h e c u l t u r e s i s o l a t e d . June 2 , 1978.

A s t r a t i f i e d midden t h a t g i v e s e v i d e n c e of a l o n g - e s t a b l i s h e d Eskimo c u l t u r e on t h e P a c i f i c bays and i s l a n d s of s o u t h e r n A l a s k a . December 2 9 , 1962 .

9

A l a s k a

RUSSIAN-AMERICAN BUILDING #29 202-204 L i n c o l n S t r e e t S i t k a , S i t k a D i v i s i o n c a . 1850 , c a . 1885; R u s s i a n

Amer ican Company

RUSSIAN BISHOP'S HOUSE ( R u s s i a n M i s s i o n Orphanage)

L i n c o l n and Monas t e ry S t r e e t s S i t k a , Baranof I s l a n d 1842 , p o s s i b l y B i s h o p I n n o c e n t ;

1 8 8 7 , P e t e r C a l l s e n

ST. MICHAEL'S CATHEDRAL L i n c o l n and Maksoutof f S t r e e t s S i t k a , Baranof I s l a n d 1 8 4 8 - 5 0 , 1960s ( r e c o n s t r u c t e d )

A r a r e example of a R u s s i a n - A m e r i c a n c o l o n y s t r u c t u r e . One of t h e few s t r u c t u r e s e x t a n t t h a t b e a r s w i t n e s s t o R u s s i a n c o l o n i a l v e n t u r e s i n p r e s e n t - d a y U n i t e d S t a t e s t e r r i t o r y . A f i n e l y c r a f t e d , v e r n a c u l a r l o g b u i l d i n g c o v e r e d w i t h s i d i n g , i t i s t h e o n l y s e c u l a r b u i l d i n g r e m a i n i n g from S i t k a ' s f i r s t y e a r s a s a s e a t of government i n t h e p e r i o d f o l l o w i n g t h e p u r c h a s e of A l a s k a by t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i n 1 8 6 7 . May 2 8 , 1987 .

A 2 - s t o r y l o g s t r u c t u r e of R u s s i a n v e r n a c u l a r d e s i g n t h a t s e r v e d a s t h e h e a d q u a r t e r s of t h e R u s s i a n Or thodox d i o c e s e of S i t k a and r e s i d e n c e of t h e B i s h o p ( 1 8 4 3 - 7 2 , 1 9 0 3 - 6 9 ) , a s w e l l a s o f f i c e , m i s s i o n s c h o o l , and p e r s o n a l c h a p e l of t h e f i r s t b i s h o p of A l a s k a . Among t h e b e s t s u r v i v i n g e x a m p l e s of a 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y R u s s i a n r e s i d e n c e i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . ( I n c l u d e d i n S i t k a N a t i o n a l H i s t o r i c a l P a r k . ) J u n e 1 3 , 1962 .

E p i s c o p a l s e a t of t h e R u s s i a n Or thodox Church i n A l a s k a , b u i l t f o r t h e f i r s t B i s h o p of A l a s k a . J u n e 1 3 , 1962 .

SITKA NAVAL OPERATING BASE & U . S . ARMY COASTAL DEFENSES

S i t k a , S i t k a D i s t r i c t 1939

SITKA SPRUCE PLANTATION U n a l a s k a v i c i n i t y Amaknak I s l a n d 1805

SKAGWAY HISTORIC DISTRICT AND WHITE PASS

Skagway and v i c i n i t y 1897-98

Was t h e N a v y ' s f i r s t a i r s t a t i o n i n A l a s k a when World War I I b e g a n . P l a n e s p a t r o l l e d S o u t h e a s t A l a s k a n w a t e r s t o t r a c k down r e p o r t e d s u b m a r i n e o r o t h e r enemy a c t i v i t y . In t h e f i r s t months of t h e war i t was one of t h e few i n s t a l l a t i o n s p r e p a r e d t o p r o t e c t t h e N o r t h P a c i f i c . Augus t 1 1 , 1986 .

S i t e of t h e o l d e s t r e c o r d e d a f f o r e s t a t i o n p r o j e c t on t h e N o r t h American c o n t i n e n t , r e p r e s e n t i n g a R u s s i a n a t t e m p t t o make t h e c o l o n y a t U n a l a s k a s e l f - s u f f i c i e n t i n t i m b e r . J u n e 2 , 1 9 7 8 .

An A l a s k a n f r o n t i e r m i n i n g town, s i t u a t e d on a p r ime r o u t e t o t h e Upper Yukon V a l l e y and Klond ike g o l d - b e a r i n g r e g i o n s . Almost 100 s t r u c t u r e s r e m a i n from t h e g o l d r u s h e r a . Whi te P a s s T r a i l , t o S k a g w a y ' s n o r t h e a s t , i s a b o u t 19 m i l e s l o n g and r e a c h e s t h e maximum e l e v a t i o n of n e a r l y 3 ,000 f e e t a t t h e c r e s t of t h e p a s s , where i t c r o s s e s t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l b o u n d a r y i n t o Canada . ( P a r t of K l o n d i k e Gold Rush N a t i o n a l H i s t o r i c a l P a r k . ) June 1 3 , 1962.

10

Alaska

SOURDOUGH LODGE Gakona vicinity 1903-05

This 1-story log lodge i s one of the l a s t remaining "roadhouses" b u i l t to serve t r a v e l e r s on the t r a i l to the Klondike gold f i e l d s . I t exemplif ies s t r u c t u r e s b u i l t for t r a v e l e r s in e a r l y 20th century Alaska. June 2, 1978.

THOMAS (GEORGE C.) MEMORIAL LIBRARY

901 1st Avenue Fairbanks 1901

This log s t ruc tu r e was the s i t e of a 1915 meeting between U.S. Government o f f i c i a l s and nat ive Alaskans to s e t t l e land and compensation c la ims. The meeting s t a r t e d a d ispute tha t was not resolved u n t i l passage of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (1971). June 2, 1978.

THREE SAINTS BAY SITE Old Harbor Kodiak Is land Borough P r e h i s t o r i c , 1784

S i te of the f i r s t permanent Russian set t lement in North America, and a l so of p r e h i s t o r i c Eskimo occupation. June 2, 1978.

WALES SITE Near Cape Prince of Wales 500 AD-present

Site includes mounds, a midden, a present-day Native Alaskan community, and the first spot in Alaska where archeologists found evidence of the Thule Culture. December 29, 1962

YUKON ISLAND MAIN SITE Kachemak Bay, Yukon Island c. 750 BC

Oldest and most continuously occupied archeological site on Cook Inlet. Helped define the Kachemak Bay Culture, which is related to that of the Salish Indians to the south and to that of the Kamchatkans and Ainu of Asia. December 29, 1962.

11

AMERICAN SAMOA (1)

BLUNTS POINT BATTERY, American Samoa's Defenses

Matautu Ridge v i c i n i t y of Pago Pago Tutu i la Is land 1940-43

Became the l a r g e s t Marine Corps i n s t a l l a t i on in the Pac i f ic as Marines were rushed there t o s t ren then i t s defenses following the Japanese a t t ack on Pearl Harbor. Samoa was a v i t a l l ink in the route from the United S t a t e s t o Aus t ra l i a and New Zealand, and there was considerable evidence tha t the Japanese were preparing t o se ize the Samoa I s l ands . Even when invasion was no longer a t h r e a t , a f t e r the Ba t t l e of the Midway, t h i s s i t e played an important ro le as a Marine Corps advanced t r a in ing cen te r in jungle warfare and as a s taging area for b a t t l e s in the South P a c i f i c . A rare example of a World War I I coas t a l gun tha t remains in_ s i t u in the Pac i f ic today. May 28, 1987.

12

ARIZONA (36)

AWATOVI RUINS Keams Canyon vicinity Navajo County c. 1200

CASA MALPAIS SITE Springerville vicinity Apache County 1300

One of the most important Hopi Indian villages, reached by Coronado's men in 1540. Excavation has uncovered much of the pueblo. Located on the Hopi Indian Reservation. July 19, 1964.

Pueblo ruin of about 10 acres. An example of Pueblo methods of building communities. July 19, 1964.

COLTER (MARY JANE) BUILDINGS (Hopi House, The Lookout, Hermit's Rest and the Desert View Watchtower)

Grand Canyon National Park South Rim, Coconino County 1905 (Hopi House), 1914 (Hermit's Rest, The Lookout) 1931 (Desert View Watchtower) Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter

DESERT IJU30RATORY Off W. Anklam Road West of Tucson, Pima County 1903

These s t r u c t u r e s r e f l e c t the a r c h i t e c t ' s import an t work in Park a r ch i t ec tu re over the f i r s t 3 decades of the 20th century . The Hopi House i s modeled a f t e r of a Hopi pueblo and i t s design was a product of a movement in the Southwest t o preserve tangible aspects of Indian c u l t u r e s . The Lookout was the f i r s t bu i ld ing , in what became a National Park a rea , to appear to grow out of the landscape and i t serves as a prime lesson in c rea t ing a r ch i t ec tu r e harmonious with landscape. Hermit 's Rest i s s imi la r to The Lookout, but has many aspects of a medieval f a i r y t a l e c a s t l e c rea t ing a sense of n o s t a l g i a . Desert View Watchtower has p a r t i c u l a r l y noteworthy i n t e r i o r spaces based on c i r c u l a r forms and archeology and e thnohis tory played a large par t in the design of t h i s towered overlook. May 28, 1987.

Under the auspices of the Carnegie I n s t i t u t i o n of Washington, study of the ecology of a r id regions was i n i t i a t e d he re . Subsequently used as an experiment s t a t i o n by the U.S. Forest Serv ice . December 21 , 1965.

DESERT VIEW mTCHTOWER See COLTER (MARY JANE) BUILDINGS

rXJUBLE ADOBE SITE 12 miles northwest of Douglas Cochise County 5700 BC

EL TOVAR Grand Canyon National Park South Rim, Coconino County 1905-present; Charles Whit t lesey

This s i t e , on the west bank of Whitewater Creek, has yielded information on southern Arizona 's p r e h i s t o r i c c l imate , ecology, and animal l i f e , and on pre-ceramic Cochise Cul tu re . January 20, 1961.

Is a t r a n s i t i o n a l s t r uc tu r e tha t bridged the gap between the Victor ian r e so r t a r c h i t e c ture of the l a t e 19th century and the r u s t i c a r ch i t e c tu r e l a t e r deemed appropr ia te for the grea t scenic and na tu ra l wonders of the United S t a t e s . Bui l t for the Santa Fe Railway next t o the canyon rim, i t became the focal point for the r a i lway ' s r e s o r t a t Grand Canyon. May 28, 1987.

13

Arizona

FORT BOWIE AND APACHE PASS 13-15 miles south of Bowie Cochise County 1862

Fort Bowie commanded the eas te rn entrance of s t r a t e g i c Apache Pass , and was a focal po in t in Army opera t ions aga ins t the Chiricahua Apache in the 1860s and ' 70s . December 19, 1960. (Now within the National Park System as Fort Bowie National His to r ic S i t e . )

FORT HUACHUCA Town of Fort Huachuca Cochise County 1882-91

GATLIN SITE 3 miles north of Gila Bend Maricopa County 900-1150

GRAND CANYON DEPOT Grand Canyon National Park South Rim, Coconino County 1909-present; Francis Wilson

GRAND CANYON LODGE Grand Canyon National Park North Rim, Bright Angel Point Coconino County 1927, 1936-present; Gilbert Stanley Underwood

GRAND CANYON PARK OPERATIONS BUILDING

Grand Canyon National Park South Rim, Coconino County 1929

Installation central to the campaign to capture Geronimo. Headquarters of all-Black regiments from 1892 to 1900 and again in 1928-42. May 11, 1976.

The platform mound, cremation area, and ball court at this site suggest that ceremonial functions were connected with the complex. July 19, 1964.

Is the only remaining structural log railroad depot in the United States. Built for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, it helped establish the rustic sense of place of the Grand Canyon by being the first building the railway passengers encountered ut on arriving. Symbolic of the "destination resort" that the railroad developed Grand Canyon into, it is one of a handful of rustic depots constructed. May 28, 1987.

Is the most intact rustic hotel development remaining in the National Parks from the era when railroads, in this case the Union Pacific, fostered construction of "destination resorts." The main lodge building was rebuilt in 1936 following a devastating fire, but its most important interior spaces retained their scale, materials, and flavor, and the deluxe cabins and standard cabins of log and stone construction also kept their fabric, layout, and ambiance. May 28, 1987.

This structure took its shape from the surrounding landscape and is subtly connected to its natural environment by natural feeling forms in its style and the native material used to construct it. The texture of the stonework and its rough courses mimicking the local geology are its only "ornament," again using its surrounding environment to develop its appearance and form. May 28, 1987.

14

Arizona

GRAND CANYON POWER HOUSE Grand Canyon National Park South Rim, Coconino County 1926-present

HERMIT'S REST

I s a masterpiece of trompe l ' o e i l . The elements of the rugged cha le t design of t h i s i n d u s t r i a l bui ld ing are overscaled t o fool the observer in to bel ieving the s t ruc tu r e i s half i t s true s i z e . All of the o r i g i n a l d i e se l equipment tha t provided power t o the South Rim of the Canyon remains in the bu i ld ing . May 28, 1987.

See COLTER (MARY JANE) BUILDINGS

HOHOKAM-PIMA IRRIGATION SITES

Phoenix, Maricopa County 1000-1450

Evidence a t s i t e s ind ica tes tha t both the peoples of the Hohokam cu l tu re and 17th-century Pima Indians i r r i g a t e d crops from canals of complex cons t ruc t ion . The s i t e s now form the Park of the Four Waters. May 23, 1963.

HOOVER DAM See entry in Nevada listings

HUBBELL TRADING POST Ganado, Apache County 1878

Still active trading post represents the varied interactions of Navajos and the white traders who ran trading posts on the Navajo reservation in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. December 12, 1960. (Now Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site)

HOPI HOUSE See COLTER (MARY JANE) BUILDINGS

JEROME HISTORIC DISTRICT Jerome, Yavapai County 1883

KINISHBA RUINS 15 miles west of Whiteriver Gila County c. 1200-1300S

LEHNER MAMMCTTH-KILL SITE 10 miles west of Bisbee Cochise County c . 11,000 BC

An important e a r l y 20th-century copper-producing cen t e r , depleted during World War I I . V i r t u a l l y a ghost town, i t r e t a i n s much of i t s o r i g i n a l appearance. November 13, 1966.

Ruins of a pueblo capable of housing up to 1000 Indians , abandoned about 1400. The cu l tu re of the inhab i t an t s represented a blend of Mogollon and Anasazi ances t ry . Ju ly 19, 1964.

One of the outstanding mammoth-kill s i t e s in the New World. Radiocarbon da tes for a r t i f a c t s and bones serve as a cont ro l for severa l s c i en t i f i c s t u d i e s . May 28, 1967.

IJCOKOUT, THE See COLTER (MARY JANE) BUILDINGS

LOWELL OBSERVATORY 1 mile west of Flagstaff Coconino County 1894

Astronomical research here has contributed greatly to knowledge of the universe. First evidence of expansion of the universe was obtained at Lowell in 1912. December 21, 1965.

MERRIAM (C. HART) BASE CAMP SITE

Little Springs, Coconino County 1889

Operating from this camp, Merriam made the investigations that led to his formulation of the Life Zone concept, basic to the development of the science of ecology. December 21, 1965.

15

Arizona

OLD ORAIBI 3 miles west of Oraibi Navajo County c a . 1 1 5 0 - p r e s e n t

PAINTED DESERT INN P e t r i f i e d F o r e s t N a t i o n a l

Park Navajo County 1 9 3 7 - 1 9 6 3 ; Ly le E. B e n n e t t

PHELPS DODGE GENERAL OFFICE BUILDING

Copper Queen P l a z a B i s b e e , C o c h i s e County 1895

POINT OF PINES SITES 30 m i l e s n o r t h w e s t of

M o r e n c i , Graham County 2000 BC-1400 AD

PUEBLO GRANDE RUIN P u e b l o Grande C i t y Pa rk P h o e n i x , Mar icopa County 900-1450

ROOSEVELT DAM 31 miles northwest of Globe Gila and Maricopa Counties 1906-11

SAN BERNARDINO RANCH 17 miles east of Douglas Cochise County Early 1800s

SAN XAVTER DEL BAC MISSION 9 miles south of Tucson Pima County 1783

Probably the oldest continuously inhabited pueblo in the Southwest. Site documents Hopi culture and history from before European contact to the present day. Within the present Hopi Indian Reservation. July 19, 1964.

Done in the Spanish-Pueblo Revival style, the interior spaces have unusually high quality of design. Particularly notable is the former Trading Post Room, illuminated by a translucent skylight with multiple panes of glass painted in designs of prehistoric Pueblo pottery. The murals are by the late Hopi artist, Fred Kabotie. May 28, 1987.

The only important early Phelps Dodge office existing in the United States. This structure symbolizes the company's pioneer role in western copper mining, as well as its growth and adaptation from a family-owned East Coast mercantile house of the 1830s into a modern corporation. May 4, 1983.

Region of Point of Pines village contains a considerable number of ruins representing a long period of occupation. University of Arizona excavations here contributed significantly to archeological concepts about culture in the area. Within the present San Carlos Indian Reservation. July 19, 1964.

One of the few remaining large Hohokam village sites in the area. Site evidences irrigation methods of both Native Americans and Anglo-Americans. July 19, 1964.

First major project completed under the Reclamation Act (1902). Built to provide adequate water storage for the Salt River Irrigation Complex. May 23, 1963.

Illustrates the continuity of Spanish and American cattle ranching in the Southwest. Abundant springs made the Ranch a stopping-place in the era of U.S. westward expansion. July 19, 1964.

One of the finest Spanish Colonial churches in the United States, featuring a richly ornamented Baroque interior. Completed and consecrated by Franciscans, and built by Papago Indians. October 9, 1960.

16

Arizona

SIERRA BONITA RANCH 10 miles southwest of Bonita Cochise and Graham Counties 1872

TALIESIN WEST Eastern outskirts of Scottsdale Maricopa County 1937-59; Frank Lloyd Wright

TOMBSTONE HISTORIC DISTRICT Tombstone, Cochise County 1877

TUMACACORI MUSEUM Tumacacori National Monument Tumacacori, Santa Cruz County 1937; Scofield Delong, Charles D. Carter

VENTANA CAVE 11 miles west of Santa Rosa Pima County c . 11,000 BC-present

WINONA SITE 5 miles northeast of Winona Coconino County 1065

YUMA CROSSING AND ASSOCIATED SITES

Yuma and vicinity, Yuma County 18th-19th centuries

First Anglo-American cattle ranch in Arizona to survive Apache attacks. Fort-like, it helped open the grasslands of Arizona to European-American cattle ranchers. July 19, 1964.

This desert complex contains the winter home, office, and school of architecture designed by Wright. Often acclaimed as one of his masterworks, this complex and in Taliesin (East) near Spring Green, Wisconsin (also a National Historic Landmark), express Wright's educational theories and vision of society, as well as his mature architectural concepts. May 20, 1982.

Site of rich silver mines, Tombstone attained a population of 7,000 by 1881. Gunfight at the OK Corral symbolized the town's reputation for lawlessness. July 4, 1961.

Built on a plan mimicking, in part, the spatial layout of a mission complex. A handsome example of Mission Revival architecture, certain architectural elements, such the entrance doors, were replicas of similar features from missions of the Sonora. The museum and attached courtyard were used as interpretive devices while the structures walled off and protected the remains of the Tumacacori Mission. May 28, 1987.

Illustrates early human association with extinct Pleistocene mammals and a history of continuous Indian occupation in Arizona from 2000 BC to the present. Situated on the Papago Indian Reservation. January 20, 1961.

Site of a major Indian community. Has yielded information on cultural developments in the Flagstaff area up to 1130. Located in Coconino National Forest. July 19, 1964.

Yuma Crossing was significant as a transportation gateway on the Colorado River during the Spanish Colonial and U.S. westward expansion periods. The surviving buildings of the Yuma Quartermaster Depot and Arizona Territorial prison are the key features on the Arizona side of the border. (Also in California.) November 13, 1966.

17

ARKANSAS (7)

ARKANSAS POST 8 miles southeast of G i l l e t t

on Arkansas 1 and 169 Arkansas County 1682

Henri de Tonty e s t ab l i shed the f i r s t suc cessful French set t lement in the Lower Miss iss ippi Val ley, which became known as Arkansas Post in 1682. The P o s t ' s h i s t o r y i s complex, involving Spanish as well as French ope ra t i ons . October 9, 1960. (Now within the National Park System as the Arkansas Post National Memorial.)

BATHHOUSE ROW Hot Springs National Park East s ide of Central Avenue,

between Reserve and Fountain S t r e e t s

Hot Spr ings , Garland County 1892-present

FORT SMITH Fort Smith, Sebastian County 1817, 1838

I l l u s t r a t i v e of the popular i ty of the spa movement in the United S t a t e s in the 19th and 20th c e n t u r i e s . The l a r g e s t grouping of bathhouses in the United S t a t e s , i t i s a l so an exce l l en t c o l l e c t i o n of t u r n - o f - t h e -century e c l e c t i c bu i ld ings in the Neoclass i c a l , Renaissance-Revival, Spanish, and I t a l i a n a t e s t y l e s . The hot spr ings are the resource for which the area was s e t as ide as the f i r s t Federal r ec r ea t i ona l reserve in 1832. May 28, 1987.

Among the e a r l i e s t U. S. m i l i t a r y pos t s in Missouri T e r r i t o r y . The f i r s t fo r t b u i l t here was e s t ab l i shed in 1817 following the movement of some Cherokees and o ther Native Americans to a reas west of the Miss i s s ipp i . The second, begun in 1838, was garr isoned u n t i l the U.S. D i s t r i c t Court for the Western D i s t r i c t of Arkansas moved t o the town of Fort Smith in 1871. December 19, 1960. (Now within the National Park System as Fort Smith National H i s to r i c S i t e . )

LITTLE ROCK CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL 14th and Park S t r e e t s L i t t l e Rock, Pulaski County 1927; John P. Almand

In the f a l l of 1957, the f i r s t major confront a t i o n over implementation of the Supreme Cour t ' s 1954 dec is ion outlawing r a c i a l segregat ion in publ ic schools took place here . Pres ident Eisenhower used t roops to enforce Federal court orders to desegregate the school . May 20, 1982.

KNAPP MOUNDS SITE See TOLTEC MOUNDS SITE

NODENA SITE adjacent to the town of Wilson Mississippi County 1200

Type site of the Nodena phase, an important part of the Late Mississippian or Temple Mound Culture in Arkansas. July 19, 1964.

18

Arkansas

19

PARKIN INDIAN MOUND north edge of Parkin Cross County Prehistoric

TOLTEC MOUNDS SITE (Knapp Mounds Site)

Scott vicinity, Lonoke County Prehistoric

Exemplifies the Parkin phase, a Mississ-ippian or Temple Mound Culture component in northeast Arkansas. July 19, 1964.

A large ceremonial complex and v i l l a g e s i t e , Tol tec Mounds represen ts the northernmost occupation during the Coles Creek Period, and may y ie ld information about the i n t e r act ion between lower and cen t r a l Miss iss ippi Valley c u l t u r e s . June 2, 1978.

CALIFORNIA (103)

ABBEY, THE See MILLER HOUSE

THE AHWAHNEE Yosemite National Park Yosemite Valley Mariposa County 1925-present; Gi lber t Stanley

Underwood

ALCATRAZ ISLAND San Francisco, San Francisco

County 1853-1874, f o r t i f i c a t i o n s 1909-1934, pr ison f a c i l i t i e s

ANZA (JUAN DE) HOUSE 3rd and Franklin S t r e e t s San Juan Baut i s ta San Benito County c . 1830

AJPPLEGATE-LASSEN TRAIL Northwest of Winnemucca

on U.S. 40 Humboldt, Pershing, and

Washoe count ies 1846

The epitome of r u s t i c monumentality and luxury, with rough g r a n i t e p i e r s and concrete formed and s ta ined to imitate wood. S ta ined-g lass windows and murals in geometric Indian/Deco designs on the i n t e r i o r enhance the s t r u c t u r e ' s monolithic q u a l i t y . May 28, 1987.

Begun as a m i l i t a r y f o r t i f i c a t i o n and the s i t e of the f i r s t U.S. l ighthouse on the Pac i f i c Coast , b u i l t in 1854. Was the loca t ion of the f i r s t permanently mounted cannons on the West Coast. F i r s t o f f i c i a l army pr ison in the na t ion . Upon t r ans f e r t o a c i v i l i a n pen i t en t i a ry in 1934, i t became the repos i to ry for the most hardened c r imina l s . Represents the far end of the penological spectrum, designed for punishment and inca rce ra t ion only, r a the r than r e h a b i l i t a t i o n . (Part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area.) January 17, 1986.

Original 1-story, rec tangular 2-room adobe house was "Americanized" and enlarged in the 1850s. The r e s u l t i n g house i s typ ica l of the "Americanization" of t r a d i t i o n a l Mexican houses by e a r l y U.S. s e t t l e r s in the S t a t e . April 15, 1970.

F i r s t e s t ab l i shed in 1846 as a cut-off route south of the Columbia River in order t o avoid the d i f f i c u l t i e s and dangers of the Fort Ha l l , ID to Columbia River sec t ion of the Oregon T r a i l . Passing through the Black Rock Desert in Northwestern Nevada, an increas ing number of emigrants followed the t r a i l even though i t u l t ima te ly proved no sa fe r than the Oregon T r a i l . DETERMINED ELIGIBLE: December 21 , 1981.

AQUATIC PARK Golden Gate National Recreation

Area Foot of Hyde S t r e e t , Polk S t r e e t

and Van Ness Avenue San Francisco, San Francisco County 1920-1945; William Mooser, Sr . and

J r .

Has a curving, Streamline-Moderne design tha t extends from i t s bu i ld ings through the shape of the landscape. I s the product of the Works Progress Administration and the Federal Arts Project of the l a t e 1930s, and the park r e f l e c t s the smooth clean l i n e s of t ha t p e r i o d ' s a r t and a r c h i t e c t u r e . May 28, 1987.

20

California

ASILOMAR CONFERENCE GROUNDS Asilomar Boulevard Pacific Grove, Monterey County 1913-36; Julia Morgan

BALBOA PARK San Diego, San Diego County 1915; 1935, Bertram Goodhue,

Carleton Winslow, S r . , Richard Requa, and Walter Dorwin Teague

Designed as the Young Women's Chr i s t i an Assoc ia t ion ' s na t ional camp and conference grounds in the West. Established in 1913, i t i s s i g n i f i c a n t for i t s ro le in the work of the Associat ion and in the development of the Monterey peninsula as a r e so r t a rea . Also important as an outstanding work of Cal i forn ia a r c h i t e c t J u l i a Morgan, one of the f i r s t women to achieve eminence in the a r c h i t e c t u r a l profession in the United S t a t e s . February 27, 1987.

The complex of bui ld ings includes some of the f i n e s t Spanish-Baroque Revival s t r u c t u r e s in America. Constructed for the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and enlarged for the Ca l i fo rn ia -Pac i f i c In t e rna t i ona l Exposition in 1935. Now a c u l t u r a l cen te r for San Diego. December 22, 1977.

(SAILING SHIP) PAIXLUTHA Foot of Powell S t r e e t , P i e r 43 East San Francisco, San Francisco County 1886-1930; Charles Connell

BANCROFT (HUBERT H.) RANCH HOUSE Bancroft Drive, Spring Valley San Diego County 1856

One of only two American-owned square -rigged ves se l s s t i l l a f loa t on the Pac i f ic Coast, Balclutha played an ac t ive par t in maritime t rade in the U. S . , beqinning with the gra in t rade between Cal i forn ia and England of 1870-90. (Included in the National Maritime Museum a t Golden Gate National Recreation Area.) February 4 , 1985.

Bancroft, a noted h i s t o r i a n of the West, wrote many of h i s major works and conducted plant experiments while l iv ing he re . December 29, 1962.

BANK OF ITALY 552 Montgomery Street San Francisco, San Francisco County 1908; F. T. Shea

Headquarters (1908-21) of A. P. Giannini , who o r ig ina ted the branch-banking concept and founded the Bank of America, one of the wor ld ' s l a rge s t commercial banks. June 2, 1978.

BIG AND LITTLE PETJ30GLYPH CANYONS China Lake v i c i n i t y Inyo County Dates unknown

BODIE HISTORIC DISTRICT Town of Bodie, Mono County 1859

One of the most spec tacu la r petroglyph a reas known in the western United S t a t e s , e x h i b i t ing more than 20,000 des igns . Represents a t l e a s t two c u l t u r a l phases . Located on the China Lake Naval Ordnance Test S t a t i o n . Ju ly 19, 1964.

More than 100 bui ld ings have survived, making t h i s a s i gn i f i c an t western mining ghost town. July 4, 1961.

21

California

BRADBURY BUILDING 304 S. Broadway Los Angeles, Los Angeles County 1893; George H. Wyraan

BURBANK (LUTHER) HOUSE AND GARDEN 200 block of Santa Rosa Avenue Santa Rosa, Sonoma County 1883

C. A. THAYER San Francisco San Francisco County 1895; Hans D. Bendixson

Load-bearing wa l l s open in to a l i g h t - f i l l e d cour t of c a s t i ron and g l a s s . A v is ionary bui lding admired today for i t s s t r u c t u r e , use of m a t e r i a l s , and sof t l i g h t i n g . May 5, 1977.

Includes the home, experimental garden, and greenhouse used by Burbank, the i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y known h o r t i c u l t u r i s t whose work produced many new p lan t v a r i e t i e s . June 19, 1964.

Last surviving example of the s a i l i n g schooners designed s p e c i f i c a l l y for use in the 19th-century Pac i f i c Coast lumber t r a d e . (Included in the National Maritime Museum a t Golden Gate National Recreation Area.) November 13, 1966.

CARMEL MISSION Rio Road Carmel, Monterey County 1793

CASTRO (JOSE) HOUSE South side of the Plaza San Juan Bautista, San Benito County 1840-41

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE CHTJRCH, BERKELEY

Established by Father Junipero Serra. As the headquarters of the padre presidente, it was the most important of the California missions. October 9, 1960.

Adobe structure built by the commandant-general of northern California. Sold in 1848 to a survivor of the stranded Donner Party. April 15, 1970.

See FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST, SCIENTIST

GOLOMA 7 mi les northwest of P l a c e r v i l l e El Dorado County 1848

COLUMBIA HISTORIC DISTRICT 4 mi les northwest of Sonora Tuolumne County 1850

COMMANDER'S HOUSE, FORT ROSS North of Fort Ross on Cal i f . 1 Sonoma County 1812

DONNER CAMP 2.6 miles west of Truckee Nevada County 1846

Coloma grew up around the gold discovery s i t e a t nearby S u t t e r ' s Mi l l . F i r s t Anglo-American se t t l ement in the f o o t h i l l s of the S i e r r a Nevadas. Ju ly 4, 1961.

Well-preserved gold-mining camp of the Ca l i fo rn ia Mother Lode reg ion , productive u n t i l about 1860. Continuously occupied s ince i t s beginning. Ju ly 4, 1961.

Exce l len t , r a r e , and l i t t l e - a l t e r e d example of a Russ ian-bu i l t log house. Bu i l t of large hand-squared redwood timbers mortised a t the c o r n e r s . Fort Ross i s a S ta te h i s t o r i c a l monument. April 15, 1970.

High S i e r r a s s i t e where a California-bound group of emigrants was marooned by winter s torms; 45 of the o r i g i n a l pa r t y of 89 survived. January 20, 1961.

22

California

ESTUDILLO HOUSE 4000 Mason S t r e e t San D i e g o , San Diego County 1 8 2 7 - 2 9 , r e s t o r a t i o n 1968-1969

(FERRYBOAT) EUREKA Hyde S t r e e t P i e r San F r a n c i s c o , San F r a n c i s c o County 1890 , r e b u i l t 1 9 2 0 - 2 2 ; P . T i e r n a n

FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST, SCIENTIST 2619 Dwight Way B e r k e l e y , Alameda County 1910; B e r n a r d R a l p h Maybeck

T h i s t y p i c a l example of a l a r g e S p a n i s h -Mexican o n e - s t o r y town house h a s a h a l l t h a t a l s o s e r v e d a s a c h a p e l and s c h o o l from t h e 1830s t o 1856 . Don J o s e A n t o n i o E s t u d i l l o , b u i l d e r of t h e h o u s e , s e r v e d a s mayor and j u s t i c e of t h e p e a c e f o r San D i e g o . A p r i l 1 5 , 1970 .

The l a s t i n t a c t w o o d e n - h u l l e d s i d e w h e e l s t e a m e r a f l o a t i n t h e c o n t i n e n t a l U. S . , s i g n i f i c a n t a s an example of a t y p e of s t e a m e r t h a t l e d U. S . i n l a n d w a t e r b o r n e commerce i n t o t h e i n d u s t r i a l e r a . ( I n c l u d e d i n t h e N a t i o n a l M a r i t i m e Museum a t Golden Ga te N a t i o n a l R e c r e a t i o n A r e a . ) F e b r u a r y 4 , 1985 .

T h i s m a s t e r p i e c e , c r e a t e d o f s t o c k c o n t e m p o r a r y m a t e r i a l s , i s b a s e d s t y l i s t i c a l l y on J a p a n e s e , B y z a n t i n e , G o t h i c , and Romanesque p r o t o t y p e s . December 2 2 , 1977 .

FIRST PACIFIC COAST SALMON CANNERY SITE

O p p o s i t e t h e f o o t of K S t r e e t B r o d e r i c k , Yolo County 1864-66

S a l m o n - c a n n i n g t e c h n i q u e s were p e r f e c t e d i n a c a n n e r y s i t u a t e d on a scow a n c h o r e d i n t h e S a c r a m e n t o R i v e r . A p r i l 6 , 1964.

FLOOD (JAMES C. ) MANSION N o r t h w e s t c o r n e r of C a l i f o r n i a and

Mason S t r e e t s San F r a n c i s c o , San F r a n c i s c o County 1886

Owned by one of t h e bonanza k i n g s of t h e Nevada Comstock Lode . Only Nob H i l l town-house t o s u r v i v e t h e 1906 f i r e and e a r t h q u a k e . November 1 3 , 1966 .

FOLSOM POWERHOUSE Off Folsom B o u l e v a r d Fo l som, S a c r a m e n t o County 1 8 9 5 - 1 9 5 2 , S a c r a m e n t o E l e c t r i c

Power and L i g h t Company, H. T . Knight

In 1895 , t h i s h y d r o e l e c t r i c g e n e r a t i n g p l a n t s e n t h i g h - v o l t a g e a l t e r n a t i n g c u r r e n t o v e r l o n g - d i s t a n c e l i n e s f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e , a ma jo r advance i n t h e t e c h n o l o g y of e l e c t r i c power t r a n s m i s s i o n and g e n e r a t i o n . (Now w i t h i n Folsom S t a t e R e c r e a t i o n A r e a . ) May 29, 1 9 8 1 .

FORT MASON See SAN FRANCISCO PORT OF EFtBARKATION

FORT ROSS North of town of Fort Ross Sonoma County 1812

L a r g e s t s i n g l e R u s s i a n t r a d i n g c e n t e r s o u t h of A l a s k a . Founded a s p a r t of a f u r t r a d i n g o p e r a t i o n , i t r e p r e s e n t e d a R u s s i a n a t t e m p t t o c o l o n i z e C a l i f o r n i a . Now a S t a t e h i s t o r i c a l monument. November 5 , 1 9 6 1 .

23

California

GAMBLE (DAVID B.) HOUSE 4 Westmoreland Place Pasadena, Los Angeles County 1908; Charles S. and Henry M.

Greene

This summer house in the Cal i fo rn ia Bungalow s t y l e exemplif ies the Arts and Craf ts movement of the e a r l y 20th century . Contemporary with Frank Lloyd Wright ' s " P r a i r i e Houses," t h i s s t r u c t u r e i s the f i ne s t surviving example of the work of Greene and Greene. December 22, 1977.

GILMAN HALL, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

See ROOM 307, GILMAN HALL ...

GONZALEZ HOUSE 835 Laguna Street Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County c. 1825, restored 1920s

GUAJOME RANCH HOUSE Vicinity of Vista, San Diego County 1852-53

GUNTHER ISLAND SITE 67 (Tolowot) Northeast end of Gunther I s l and ,

in Humboldt Bay Humboldt County Late p r e h i s t o r i c

HASTINGS (B. F.) BUILDING

Named for i t s b u i l d e r , t h i s 1-story house with two 1-room wings, covered verandas, and a t i l e roof i s typ ica l of Mexican-era adobe town houses of moderate s i z e . April 15, 1970.

One of the few ex tan t haciendas with a double cour tyard . Indian labor was u t i l i z e d in i t s cons t ruc t ion . Apri l 15, 1970.

S i t e of a s h e l l mound on which a Wiyot Indian v i l l a g e was loca ted . S ign i f ican t as the type s i t e of the l a t e p r e h i s t o r i c period in t h i s coas t a l reg ion . Ju ly 19, 1964.

See PONY EXPRESS TERMINAL

HEARST SAN SIMEON ESTATE San Simeon, San Luis Obispo County 1922-51

(TUGBOAT) HERCULES Hyde Street Pier San Francisco, San Francisco County 1907

HILL, THOMAS, STUDIO

Residence of William Randolph Hearst , j o u r n a l i s t and p o l i t i c i a n who b u i l t an empire of 37 newspapers and an i n f l u e n t i a l news network. May 11, 1976.

She broke many towing records beginning with her maiden voyage through the S t r a i t s of Magellen towing her s i s t e r s h i p . Her He cargoes included logs , s a i l i n g v e s s e l s , and o ther large disabled s h i p s . She i s the remaining example of the c l a s s of oceangoing steam tug boats and represen t s t h e i r ro le in waterborne t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . (Included in the National Maritime Museum a t Golden Gate National Recreation Area.) January 17, 1986.

See WAWDNA HOTEL AND THOMAS HILL STUDIO

24

California

HOOVER (LOU HENRY AND HERBERT) HOUSE

Stanford University campus Palo Alto, Santa Clara County 1919-20; Lou Henry Hoover, Birge M. Clark, Arthur B. Clark

HOTEL DEL CORONADO 1500 Orange Street Coronado, San Diego County 1887; James Merritt and Watson Reid

HUBBLE (EDWIN) HOUSE 1340 Woodstock Road San Marino, Los Angeles County 1925; Joseph Kucera

LA PURISIMA MISSION 4 miles east of Lompoc Santa Barbara County Early 19th century, 1935-42

(reconstructed)

LAKE MERRITT WILD DUCK REFUGE Grand Avenue Oakland, Alameda County 1870

IVARKIN HOUSE 510 Cal le P r inc ipa l Monterey, Monterey County 1834-35

LAS FI1DRES ADOBE West s ide of S tua r t Mesa Road,

about 7 miles north of Vandegrift Boulevard junct ion

San Diego County 1867-68

Designed by Mrs. Hoover, i t s t rongly r e f l e c t s the couple ' s cha rac te r s and t a s t e s . His residence when he was e lec ted Pres iden t , i t a l so served as t h e i r r e t i r e ment heme from 1933 to 1944. February 4, 1985.

Bui l t in l e s s than one year , i t i s one of the g rea t luxury seashore ho t e l s in the United S t a t e s , and the f i r s t t o use e l e c t r i c l i gh t i ng on a large s c a l e . May 5, 1977.

Home of one of America's g r e a t e s t 20th-century astronomers who, among o ther accomplishments, discovered e x t r a g a l a c t i c nebulae and t h e i r recess ion from each o the r . December 8, 1976.

F i r s t miss ion, fcunded in 1787, was destroyed by an earthquake in 1812. Present bu i ld ings are a recons t ruc t ion of a second mission which f e l l i n to d i s r e p a i r a f t e r s e c u l a r i z a t i o n in 1834. An ou t s t an ding example of a d e t a i l e d r e s t o r a t i o n of a r ep re sen t a t i ve mission complex and gardens, in an unal tered r u r a l s e t t i n g . April 15, 1970.

A 160-acre s a l t - w a t e r body in Oakland's business d i s t r i c t . The o ldes t l e g a l l y e s t ab l i shed publ ic w i ld l i f e sanctuary in the United S t a t e s . May 23, 1963.

Residence of the S t a t e ' s f i r s t Mi l i t a ry Governor, Stephen W. Kearney. Designed in the Monterey Colonial S t y l e , r a t h e r than in the more t r a d i t i o n a l Spanish-Mexican adobe s t y l e . December 19, 1960.

L i t t l e - a l t e r e d example of a Monterey Colon i a l ranch house, a bui lding s t y l e unique t o C a l i f o r n i a . Combines elements of the Spanish-Mexican adobe with the New England frame house techniques . Located on Camp Joseph H. Pendleton. November 24, 1968.

25

California

LECONTE MEMORIAL LODGE Yosemite National Park Yosemite Valley, Mariposa County 1903, 1919; John White

Originally constructed in 1903, moved and rebuilt in 1919, it was the principal foothold of the influential Sierra Club in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Is a transitional building in 20th century architecture, with strong European roots in its Tudor Revival design combined with an interesting use of building materials found in the work of architects of the Bay Area tradition. An outstanding example of the theory that the materials and site should determine the design of a building. May 28, 1987.

LELAND STANFORD HOUSE 800 N Street Sacramento, Sacramento County 1869-1893; Seth Babson

Stanford's Sacramento home during his service as Governor of the State of California, and as one of the "Big Four" who built the f i r s t transcontinental railroad. His rise to fane and wealth are reflected in his alterations of the house. Is the only surviving structure significantly associated with his career. May 28, 1987.

LCWDON (JACK) RANCH Vicinity of Glen Ellen Sonoma County 1913

An important e a r l y 20th-century American author , London wrote severa l of h i s novels here , and i s buried on the proper ty , now the Jack London H i s t o r i c a l S ta te Park. December 29, 1962.

LOS AIAMOS RANCH HOUSE 3 mi les west of Los Alamos Santa Barbara County c . 1840

Good example of a Spanish-Mexican hacienda. On the main Santa Barbara-Monterey Road, i t was a popular overnight s topping-p lace . April 15, 1970.

LOS ANGELES MEMORIAL COLISEUM 3911 S. Figureoa S t r e e t Los Angeles, Los Angeles County 1921-23; John and Donald Parkinson

This reinforced concrete s t r u c t u r e , the s i t e of Sumter Olympics in 1932 and 1984, i s one of the wor ld ' s premier outdoor spo r t s f a c i l i t i e s . Ju ly 27, 1984.

LOS CERRITOS RANCH HOUSE 4600 Vi rg in ia Road Long Beach, Los Angeles County 1844

Combines Monterey Colonial architecture with a traditional Spanish-Mexican hacienda plan. April 15, 1970.

LOWER KLAMATH NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

East of Dorris, Siskiyou County 1908

Set aside by President Theodore Roosevelt, one of the first areas of public land to be reserved as a Federal wildlife sanctuary. (Also in Oregon.) January 12, 1965.

26

C a l i f o r n i a

MANZANAR WAR RELOCATION CENTER V i c i n i t y of Lone P i n e I n y o County 1942-45

MARE ISLAND NAVAL SHIPYARD V a l l e j o , S o l a n o County 1854

MILLER (JOAQUIN) HOUSE (The Abbey)

J o a q u i n M i l l e r Road and Sanborn D r i v e O a k l a n d , Alameda County 1886

R e p r e s e n t s t h e t e n r e l o c a t i o n c e n t e r s t o w h i c h , d u r i n g World War I I ( b e g i n n i n g i n 1 9 4 2 ) , p e o p l e of J a p a n e s e d e s c e n t from c e r t a i n d e s i g n a t e d a r e a s i n West C o a s t s t a t e s were removed w i t h o u t b e i n g a c c u s e d of any c r i m e s o r r e c e i v i n g h e a r i n g s o r t r i a l s . F e b r u a r y 4 , 1985 .

The U . S . N a v y ' s f i r s t pe r manen t i n s t a l l a t i o n on t h e P a c i f i c C o a s t , i t embodied t h e N a t i o n ' s e f f o r t t o e x t e n d i t s n a v a l power i n t o t h e P a c i f i c Ocean . The f i r s t U . S . w a r s h i p (1859) and f i r s t d r y d o c k (1872-91) c o n s t r u c t e d on t h e West C o a s t were b u i l t h e r e . May 1 5 , 1975 .

The f i r s t m a j o r p o e t of t h e f a r w e s t e r n f r o n t i e r . M i l l e r w r o t e a b o u t I n d i a n s , cowboys , and w e s t e r n s c e n i c b e a u t y . December 2 9 , 1 9 6 2 .

MISSION BEACH ROLLER COASTER 3000 M i s s i o n B o u l e v a r d San D i e g o , San Diego County 1925 ; (Thomas) F rank P r i o r and

F r e d e r i c k A. Church

One of t h e two l a r g e wooden s c a f f o l d e d r o l l e r c o a s t e r s w i t h s t r u c t u r a l i n t e g r i t y t h a t r e m a i n on t h e West C o a s t . The " E a r t h q u a k e " r o l l e r c o a s t e r , a s i t i s a l s o c a l l e d , i s t h e o n l y one on t h e West C o a s t by n o t e d c o a s t e r b u i l d e r s P r i o r and Church . I s t h e p r ime s u r v i v o r and mos t v i s i b l e symbol of t h e M i s s i o n Beach Amusement C e n t e r , t h e c e n t e r p i e c e of s u g a r - h e i r John D. S p r e c k e l s ' a m b i t i o u s e a r l y 2 0 t h - c e n t u r y r e c r e a t i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t . F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 .

MISSION INN Between 5 t h , 7 t h , Main,

and Orange S t r e e t s R i v e r s i d e , R i v e r s i d e County 1 9 0 2 - 5 0 ; A r t h u r B e a t o n , Myron H u n t ,

Elmer G r a y , and S t a n l e y Wi l son

The l a r g e s t M i s s i o n R e v i v a l b u i l d i n g i n C a l i f o r n i a ; c o n t a i n s a h o t e l , s h o p s , and a c h a p e l c e n t e r e d a r o u n d an open p a t i o . F u r n i s h i n g s i n c l u d e p i e c e s from t h e O r i e n t , Mexico and E u r o p e , a s w e l l a s T i f f a n y windows. May 5 , 1977 .

MONTEREY OLD TOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT

M o n t e r e y , Monterey County 19 th c e n t u r y

Monte rey s e r v e d f i r s t a s t h e S p a n i s h , and t h e n a s t h e Mexican , c a p i t a l of C a l i f o r n i a (1776-1848) and was a l s o a c e n t e r of economic and s o c i a l a c t i v i t y . F o r t y - t h r e e 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y adobe s t r u c t u r e s a r e i n t h e d i s t r i c t . A p r i l 1 5 , 1970 .

27

California

MUIR (JOHN) HOUSE 4440 Alhambra Avenue Martinez, Contra Costa County 1890

NEW ALMADEN 14 miles south of San Jose Santa Clara County 1824

NIXON (RICHARD M.) BIRTHPLACE 18061 Yorba Linda Boulevard Yorba Linda, Orange County 1912

NORRIS (FRANK) CABIN 10 miles west of Gilroy Santa Clara County c . 1900

Home of the famed conse rva t ion i s t and w r i t e r during the time of some of h i s major con t r ibu t ions t o the fo res t conservat ion movement and to l i t e r a t u r e . December 29, 1962. (Now in the National Park System as John Muir National Hi s to r i c S i t e . )

S i t e of the f i r s t mercury deposi t discovered in North America. Mercury from New Almaden's mines was e s s e n t i a l t o the mining process during the gold rush . Ju ly 4 , 1961.

Small C a l i f o r n i a - s t y l e house, b u i l t by the fa ther of the 37th Pres ident of the United S t a t e s . Pres ident Nixon was born here in 1913. May 31 , 1973.

A w r i t e r of the American natural ism school , Norr is l ived here before h i s death in 1902. Surrounded by magnificent redwoods, the cabin i s in i t s o r i g i n a l cond i t ion . December 29, 1962.

OAK GROVE BUTTERFIELD STAGE STATION 13 miles northwest of Warner Hot

Spr ings , San Diego County 1858

Only o r i g i n a l s tage s t a t i o n remaining on the B u t t e r f i e l d Overland Mail Route, which operated between San Francisco and two eas t e rn te rminals (1858-61). November 5, 1961.

OLD CUSTOMHOUSE (U.S. Customhouse) Calle P r inc ipa l a t Decatur S t r e e t Monterey, Monterey County 1827-46

The r a i s i ng of the American flag here (July 7, 1846) o f f i c i a l l y marked the beginning of United S t a t e s au tho r i t y in Ca l i fo rn ia . December 19, 1960.

OLD MISSION DAM North s ide of Mission Street-Gorge

Road San Diego, San Diego County 1800-17

OLD SACRAMEITfO HISTORIC DISTRICT Sacramento, Sacramento County 1849-50

Among the f i r s t major irr igation-engineering projects on the U.S. Pacific Coast. Water from the dam irrigated the fields around the Mission of San Diego. May 21, 1963.

The c i ty ' s river port was an important transportation center to the Sierra Nevada gold mines in 1849 and la te r . A large number of buildings dating from this period remain in the original business d i s t r i c t . January 12, 1965.

28

California

OLD SCRIPPS BUILDING 8602 La Jolla Shores Drive La Jolla, San Diego County 1909-10; Irving Gill

OLD UNITED STATES MINT 5th and Mission Streets San Francisco, San Francisco County 1869-74

O'NEILL (EUGENE) HOUSE

Oldest building in continuous use by a major oceancgraphic research institution in the U.S. The first permanent structure of the Scripps Institution, an early marine biological station that became the nation's first oceancgraphic institute in 1925. Designed by a noted California architect, it is an early example of reinforced concrete construction. May 20, 1982.

Became one of the principal mints in the U. S. in the 19th century and chief Federal depository for gold and silver mined in the West. One of the few downtown buildings to survive the 1906 earthquake. July 4, 1961.

See TAO HOUSE

PAPAMOUNT THEATRE 2025 Broadway Oakland, Alameda County 1931; Timothy Pflueger

PARSONS MEMORIAL LODGE Yosemite National Park Tuolumne Meadows, Tuolumne County 1915-present; Mark White, Walter

Huber, Bernard Maybeck

PETALUMA ADOBE 4 miles e a s t of Petaluma Sonoma County 1836-46

PICO CANYON OIL FIELD, WELL NO. 4

One of the major remaining Art Daco movie palaces left in America. May 5, 1977.

A straightforward statement which is characteristic of contemporary architecture of the San Fransisco Bay area. The use of highly expressive basic forms and simple, natural materials was prompted by the harsh climate at this site high in the Sierra Nevada. A good example of a building's design being determined by site and materials, and not by style. May 28, 1987.

Largest existing example of domestic adobe architecture in the United States. Built by the commandant of the Sonoma Pueblo as headquarters for his ranch. April 15, 1970.

See WELL NO. 4

PIONEER DEEP SPACE STATION Goldstone Deep Space Communications

Complex Fort Irwin, San Bernardino County 1958-78; U. S. Army

The first antenna to support the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's unmanned exploration of deep space. Prototype antenna for the entire Deep Space Network for tracking deep space vehicles. October 3, 1985.

29

California

PONY EXPRESS TERMINAL (B. F. Hastings Building) 1006 2nd Street Sacramento, Sacramento County 1853

Housed the western terminal of the Pony Express (1860-61). Previous tenants had included the State Supreme Court and Wells, Fargo and Company. July 4, 1961.

PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO San Francisco, San Francisco County 1776

PJuLSTON (WILLIAM C.) HOME Belmont, San Mateo County 1864-68; a t t r i b u t e d t o

Henry Cleaveland

RANGER'S CLUB Yosemite National Park Yosemite Valley, Mariposa County 1920-present; Charles Sumner

ROGERS DRY LAKE (MuRCC DRY LAKE) Edwards Air Force Base Kern County and San Bernadino

County 1933-present

Establ ished by the Spanish t o guard the entrance t o San Francisco harbor . Headqua r t e r s of the United S t a t e s Army on the Pac i f i c Coast s ince 1849. June 13, 1962.

From 1864 t o 1875, Ralston played a major ro le in exp lo i t i ng the Ccmstock Lode mines in Nevada. Now p a r t of the campus of the College of Notre Dame. November 13, 1966.

Representat ive of the National Park S e r v i c e ' s f i r s t d i r e c t o r , Stephen T. Mather 's commitment t o an a r c h i t e c t u r a l ae s th i c appropr ia te for the National Park lands . He personal ly funded t h i s s t r u c ture and, i t became the design standard of bui ld ing in the National Park System through World War I I . May 28, 1987.

This dry lakebed provided a na tu ra l l a b ora to ry for f l i g h t t e s t i n g of a i r c r a f t tha t were on the cu t t i ng edge of aerospace and av ia t ion technology. I t i s the primary resource associa ted with es tabl ishment of Edwards Air Force Base, the wor ld ' s premier f l i g h t t e s t i n g and f l i g h t research c e n t e r . October 3 , 1985.

ROOM 307, GILMAN HALL, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

Berkeley, Alameda County 1941

The man-made element plutonium, used in nuclear r eac to r s and atomic exp los ives , was f i r s t i den t i f i ed in t h i s l abora to ry . December 21 , 1965.

ROSE BOWL 991 Rosemont Avenue, Brookside Park Pasadena, Los Angeles County 1922, 1928, 1932; Myron Hunt

The s i t e , s ince 1922, of the e a r l i e s t and most renowned post-season col lege foo tba l l ''bowl" games, held every New New Years Day s ince 1916. I t a l so commemorates the c i v i c work of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Associa t ion, the sponsor of the annual flower f e s t i v a l , parade, and bowl game. Also, one of the venues of the 1932 and 1984 Olympics. February 27, 1987.

30

California

ROYAL PRESIDIO CHAPEL 550 Church Street Monterey, Monterey County 1794

Only remaining presidio chapel in California and the sole existing structure of the original Monterey Presidio. Royal Spanish Governors worshipped and state ceremonies were held here. October 9, 1960.

SACRAMENTO HISTORIC DISTRICT (OLD)

See OLD SACRAMENTO HISTORIC DISTRICT

SAN DIEGO MISSION CHURCH Mission Road 5 miles east of San Diego San Diego County 1808-13

Church of the f i r s t of the 21 Cal i forn ia miss ions , founded by Father Junipero Serra in 1769. Used a l so as an Indian school and boys' home. Apri l 15, 1970.

SAN DIEGO PRESIDIO Pres id io Park San Diego, San Diego County 1769

SAN FRANCISCO BAY DISCOVERY SITE 4 miles west of San Bruno San Mateo County 1769

SAN FRANCISCO CABLE CARS San Francisco, San Francisco County 1873

SAN FRANCISCO CIVIC CENTER Vic in i ty of Van Ness Avenue and

Market S t r e e t San Francisco, San Francisco County 1913-51

SAN FRANCISCO PORT OF FJ4BARJCATION, U. S. ARMY

Fort Mason San Francisco, San Francisco County 1912-45

S i t e of the f i r s t permanent European s e t t l e ment on the Pac i f i c Coast of the present-day United S t a t e s . Used as a base for exploring expedi t ions in to the i n t e r i o r and as the m i l i t a r y headquarters for southern Ca l i fo r n i a . October 9, 1960.

Finding t h i s g rea t inland bay was a major achievement for Spanish e x p l o r e r s . I t led to the founding of the mission and p re s id io of San Francisco in 1776. May 23, 1968.

Only cable car t r acks s t i l l operat ing in the United S t a t e s . Ten miles of cable car t r ack , of the o r i g i n a l 112, remain. January 29, 1964.

The scene of the founding of the United Nations and the dra f t ing and signing of the post-World War I I peace t r e a t i e s with Japan. The f i n e s t and most complete manif e s t a t i on of the "City Beaut iful" movement, i t a l so i l l u s t r a t e s the e ra of t u r n - o f - t h e -century municipal reform movements and e a r l y publ ic and c i t y p lanning. Exposit i on Auditorium, in the Center , i s the only survivor of the Panama-Pacific I n t e r na t iona l Exposition of 1915. February 27, 1987.

During World War I I , the p r i n c i p a l por t on the West Coast for de l ive r ing personnel , m a t e r i e l , weapons, and ammunition t o the f ight ing f ron ts in the North, Cent ra l , South, and Southwest P a c i f i c . (Part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area.) February 4, 1985.

31

California

SAN FRANCISCO PRESIDIO See PRESIDIO

SAN JUAN BAUTISTA PLAZA HISTORIC DISTRICT

San Juan Bautista, San Benito County 19th century

SAN LUIS REY MISSION CHURCH 4 miles east of Oceanside San Diego County 1811-15

SAN SIMEON ESTATE

Striking example of a 19th century village built on a traditional Spanish-Mexican colonial plaza plan. Composed of 5 buildings, all facing a Plaza and all completed between 1813 and 1874. April 15, 1970.

Present building was one of two cruciform mission churches erected in California by the Spanish. Rededicated in 1893 as a Franciscan college. April 15, 1970.

See HEARST SAN SIMEON ESTATE

SANTA BARBARA MISSION 2201 Laguna Street Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County 1786

SANTA CRUZ LOOFF C7U30USEL AND ROLLER COASTER ON THE BEACH BOARDWALK

Along Beach Street Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County 1911 (carousel); Charles I.D. Looff 1924 (roller coaster); Arthur Looff

SANTA MONICA LOOFF HIPPODROME 276 Santa Monica Pier Santa Monica, Los Angeles County 1916; Charles and Arthur Looff

SCRIPPS (GEORGE H.) MEMORIAL MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY

Became the Franciscan capital and the seat of the first Spanish Bishop. The present church was completed in 1820. October 9, 1960.

The carousel is one of the six essentially intact Looff carousels in the United States. The Looff family was one of the major early manufacturers of carousels. The roller coaster is the older of the two large, wooden scaffolded roller coasters remaining on the West Coast. February 24, 1987.

The principal historic element of the formerly extensive collection of amusement facilities at the Santa Monica (Looff's) Amusement Pier, this is a rare, intact example of an early shelter structure built to house a carousel in an amusement park and the better preserved of the two such structures that remain on the West Coast. February 27, 1987.

See OLD SCRIPPS BUILDING

SINCLAIR (UPTON) HOUSE 464 N. Myrtle Avenue Monrovia, Los Angeles County 1923

Sinclair (1878-1968), a writer and social critic, moved into this neo-Mediterranean house in 1942, and continued his writing here. This was his principal residence until 1966. November 11, 1971.

SONOMA PLAZA center of Sonoma, Sonoma County 1846

The raising of the Bear Flag in the Plaza in 1846 marked the beginning of the American revolt against Mexican rule in California. December 19, 1960.

32

Cal i forn ia

SPACE FLIGHT OPERATIONS FACILITY J e t Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, Los Angeles County 1963-present; National Aeronautics

and Space Administrat ion

SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 10 Vandenberg Air Force Base Lompoc, Santa Barbara County 1958

SS JEREMIAH O'BRIEN Pier 3, Fort Mason Center San Francisco, San Francisco County 1943

STANFORD HOUSE

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory has been the primary NASA center for the unmanned exploration of the planets. The Space Flight Operations Facility is the hub of the communications network through which NASA controls its unmanned spacecraft flying in deep space. October 3, 1985.

Built for the Air Force for their Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) Testing Program. The first launch occurred on June 16, 1959, by the Royal Air Force (United Kingdom). The blockhouse is today one of the best existing examples of the working electronics used to support launches of that era and the entire complex is the best surviving example of a working launch complex built in the 1950s at the beginning of the American effort to explore space. June 23, 1986.

The only operative unaltered survivor of the many Liberty ships built during World War II as an emergency response to a critical shortage of maritime cargo ships. Participated in the D-Day invasion of France in 1944. In 1984 she was made a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (Included in the Fort Mason Center at the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.) January 14, 1986.

See LELAND STANFORD HOUSE

STAR OF INDIA San Diego Embarcadero San Diego, San Diego County 1863

A 3-masted, i ron-hul led v e s s e l , the only ex tan t Alaskan salmon vesse l of i t s type . Used to ca r ry fishermen and cannery employees to the Alaskan f i s h e r i e s . November 13, 1966.

SUTTER'S FORT 2701 L Street Sacramento, Sacramento County 1839

TAO HOUSE (Eugene O'Nei l l House) Near Danville Contra Costa County 1937; Frederick L. Confer and

Associates

Located a t the convergence of overland immigrant t r a i l s , the fo r t was an invaluable a id t o American se t t lement of Ca l i fo rn ia . Only one o r i g i n a l bui lding remains. January 20, 1961.

O 'Ne i l l , winner of the Nobel Prize for l i t e r a t u r e in 1936, wrote some of h i s most s i g n i f i c a n t plays he re , where he l ived from 1937 to 1944. Ju ly 17, 1971. (Became pa r t of the National Park System as Eugene O'Nei l l National H i s to r i c S i t e in 1976.)

33

Cal i fo rn ia

TOLCWOT See GUNTHEK ISLAND NUMBER 67

TWENTY-FIVE-FOOT SPACE SIMULATX1R J e t P r o p u l s i o n L a b o r a t o r y P a s a d e n a , Los A n g e l e s County 1 9 6 1 - p r e s e n t ; N a t i o n a l A e r o n a u t i c s


UNITARY PLAN WIND TUNNEL Ames R e s e a r c h C e n t e r M o f f e t t F i e l d , S a n t a C l a r a County 1 9 5 5 - p r e s e n t ; N a t i o n a l A d v i s o r y

Commit tee f o r A e r o n a u t i c s

U . S . CUSTOMHOUSE (Monte rey)

U . S . MINT

A f a c i l i t y u n i q u e l y c a p a b l e of s i m u l a t i n g i n t e r p l a n e t a r y c o n d i t i o n s i n a chamber l a r g e enough f o r t e s t i n g most i rodern s p a c e c r a f t . I m p o r t a n t t o t h e Amer ican unmanned s p a c e p r o g r a m . O c t o b e r 3 , 1985 .

S i g n i f i c a n t a s an example of t h e r e s e a r c h f a c i l i t i e s c r e a t e d by t h e N a t i o n a l A d v i s o r y Committee f o r A e r o n a u t i c s , p a r e n t agency of t h e N a t i o n a l A e r o n a u t i c s and Space A d m i n i s t r a t i o n . E x t e n s i v e l y used i n d e s i g n i n g new g e n e r a t i o n s of a i r c r a f t and i n t e s t i n g NASA s p a c e v e h i c l e s , i n c l u d i n g t h e Space S h u t t l e . O c t o b e r 3 , 1985 .

See OLD CUSTOMHOUSE

See OLD UNITED STATES MINT

USS PAMPANITO F i s h e r m a n ' s W h a r f - P i e r 45 San F r a n c i s c o , San F r a n c i s c o County 1943

WAIJCER PASS 60 miles northeast of Bakersfield K e m County 1834

WAPAMA Hyde Street Pier San Francisco, San Francisco County 1915; Janes H. Price

Representative of the U.S. submarine forces that fought against Japan in World War II in the Pacific. Also representative of the role that facility played in the support of the American submarine war effort. She is credited with sinking five Japanese ships and she earned six battle stars. (Included in the National Maritime Museum at Golden Gate National Recreation Area.) January 14, 1986.

Named for Joseph R. Walker, a fur trapper and guide. Walker led the first immigrant wagon train into California through this pass in 1843. July 4, 1961.

The last surviving example of more than 200 steam schooners designed for use in the 19th- and 20th-century Pacific Coast lumber trade and coastal service. Built for Charles R. McCormick's famed steamship company, she remained in the West Coast fleet until 1947. April 20, 1984. (Included in the National Maritime Museum at Golden Gate National Recreation Area.)

34

California

WARNER'S RANCH 4 miles south of Warner Hot Springs San Diego County 1831

WAWONA HOTEL AND THOMAS HILL STUDIO

Yosemite National Park Highway 41 , Wawona Mariposa County 1876-present; John Washburn &

o the r s

WELL NO. 4, PICO CANYON OIL FIELD About 10 miles north of San

Fe rnando Los Angeles County 1876

YUMA CROSSING AND ASSOCIATED SITES near Winterhaven, Imperial County

Stopping-place for t r a v e l e r s on the southern route in to Ca l i fo rn ia . Became a s t a t i o n of the Bu t t e r f i e ld Overland Mail Route in 1858. Though a l t e r e d , an 1849 ranch house and as 1858 barn remain. January 20, 1961.

I s the l a rges t ex i s t i ng Victor ian ho te l complex within a National Park. Has served as a hos te l ry continuously for 111 yea r s . Representing ru ra l -Ca l i fo rn i a a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t y l e s , these wood-frame s t r u c t u r e s are la id out in a r e l a t i v e l y formal p a t t e r n . One of the s t r u c t u r e s (the "Pavil ion") was the s tud io of l andscape pa in t e r Thomas Hi l l during the l a s t 22 years of h i s l i f e . May 28, 1987.

Bir thplace of C a l i f o r n i a ' s petroleum i n dust ry and the f i r s t commercially success-fu l l well in the S t a t e . Because of t r a in ing in the Pico Canyon f i e l d , o i l industry pioneers made Cal i forn ia the second oi l -producing s t a t e in the U. S. in the f i r s t two decades of the 20th century . November 13, 1966.

See en t ry under Arizona l i s t i n g s .

35

COLORADO (15)

BENT'S OLD FORT West of Las Animas on Colorado

194 Bent County 1833; recons t ruc ted

S t r a t e g i c a l l y located for t rade with Southern P la ins Ind ians , and the p r inc ipa l s top on the Mountain Branch of the Santa Fe T r a i l , the post was the hub of a vas t t rad ing network in the 1833-46 e r a , and a rendezvous for m i l i t a r y p a r t i e s . December 19, 1960. (Reconstructed on o r i g i n a l foundat ions, and now within the National Park System as Ben t ' s Old Fort National H i s t o r i c a l S i t e . )

CENTRAL CITY HISTORIC DISTRICT Central C i ty , Gi lp in County c . 1860

CRIPPLE CREEK HISTORIC DISTRICT Cripple Creek, T e l l e r County 1891

IXJRAivGO-SILVERTON NAPJ30W-GAUGE PAILROAD

between Durango and S i lve r ton La P la ta and San Juan Counties 1882

Central Ci ty was the hea r t of the f i r s t g rea t mining boom in Colorado, and i s well p r e served in appearance and atmosphere. A c u l t u r a l cen te r in the 1870s and 1880s and the cradle of most of the S t a t e ' s mining laws. Ju ly 4 , 1961.

One of the wor ld ' s l a r g e s t gold f i e l d s , y ie ld ing almost $25 mi l l i on in 1901. Most o r i g i n a l s t r u c t u r e s were destroyed by f i r e in 1906. Ju ly 4, 1961.

Bui l t t o haul ores from i so l a t ed a reas t o sme l t e r s . The only passenger r a i l r oad of i t s kind in the United S t a t e s s t i l l in opera t ion . Ju ly 4, 1961.

GEORGETOWN-SILVER PLUME HISTORIC DISTRICT

Georgetown-Silver Plume v i c i n i t y Clear Creek County Mid-19th-early 20th c e n t u r i e s

LEADVILLE HISTORIC DISTRICT Leadv i l l e , Lake County 1860

LINDENMEIER SITE 28 miles north of Fort Col l ins Larimer County 9000-3000 BC

Area f lour ished o r i g i n a l l y because of gold and s i l v e r product ion. The two communities have re ta ined much of t h e i r 19th-century boom-town atmosphere. November 13, 1966.

Leadvil le mines have yie lded minerals of higher t o t a l value than any o the r mining d i s t r i c t in the country . A large number of e a r l y s t r u c t u r e s su rv ive . Ju ly 4 , 1961.

Only ex tens ive Folsom campsite yet known, providing a p i c tu re of the l i f e of the Early Hunters. January 20, 1961.

LOWRY RUIN Pleasant View vicinity Montezuma County c. 1100

A pueblo of 50 rooms, unusual in that it has a great kiva, a large ceremonial structure more commonly found in Arizona and New Mexico. July 19, 1964

36

Colorado

MESA VERDE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT

Mesa Verde National Park Montezuma County 1921-present; Jesse Nusbaum

Consists of the f i r s t bu i ld ings , constructed by the National Park Service based on c u l t u r a l t r a d i t i o n s represented in the Park a r ea . The p r inc ipa l designed believed t h a t s t r u c tu re s could be used for i n t e rp r e t i ve purposes t o expla in the cons t ruc t ion of p r e h i s t o r i c dwellings in the Park, and be compatible,with t h e i r na tu ra l and c u l t u r a l s e t t i n g . May 29, 1987.

PHILADELPHIA 7X1BOGGAN COMPANY CAROUSEL #6

Kit Carson County Fairgrounds Burl ington, Kit Carson County 1905; Phi ladelphia Toboggan Company

The oldest carousel, extant in virtually unaltered condition, built by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company; it was the sixth of 89 manufactured by the company. The Rudolph Wurlitzer Monster Military Band Organ, Style 155, installed on the carousel in 1912, is apparently the only one of its kind that still operates. February 27, 1987.

PIKES PEAK 15 miles west of Colorado Springs El Paso County 1806

Discovered by Zebulon Pike in 1806, though long fami l ia r to Indians and Spaniards. E le vation 14,110 f e e t . Si tuated within Pike National Fores t . Ju ly 4, 1961.

PIKE'S STOCKADE 4 miles e a s t of Sanford Conejos County 1807

Zebulon Pike raised the American flag over Spanish soil at the stockade after leading the second official United States expedition into the Louisiana Territory. July 4, 1961.

RATON PASS Raton vicinity Las Animas County

(also in New Mexico) 1821, 1861-65

Frol 1861 to 1865 much of the traffic to Santa Fe crossed the Pass, as Confederate raiders and the threat of attack by some Southern Plains Indians halted traffic over the Cimarron Cutoff. December 19, 1960.

SILVERTON HISTORIC DISTRICT Silverton, San Juan County Late 19th century

One of the two principal mining towns in southwestern Colorado. Important in the economic development of the Rocky Mountain area. July 4, 1961.

TELLURIDE HISTORIC DISTRICT Telluride, San Miguel County Late 19th century

Boom-period as a gold camp came after a narrow-gauge railroad was built to Telluride in 1890. July 4, 1961.

37

COfJNECTIOJT (37)

ARMSMEAR See COLT (SAMUEL) HOME

BARNARD (HENRY) HOUSE 118 Main S t r e e t Hartford, Hartford County 1807

Barnard s t imulated the growth of the publ ic school system. He was appointed f i r s t U.S. Commissioner of Education in 1867 by Pres ident Andrew Johnson. December 21 , 1965.

BUTTOLPH-WILLIAMS HOUSE 249 Broad S t r e e t Wethersf ield, Hartford County 1692

An example of a 17th-century frame house of medieval des ign . I t has been res tored t o i t s o r i g i n a l appearance. November 24, 1968.

CAPITOL See CONNECTICUT STATE CAPITOL

CHARLES W. MORGAN Mystic Seaport Mystic, New London County 1841

Last of the 19th-century wcoden whaling v e s s e l s , the Morgan sa i l ed in pu r su i t of whales for almost 80 yea r s . November 13, 1966.

CHENEY BROTHERS HISTORIC DISTRICT vicinity of Hartford Road and

Laurel, Spruce, and Lampfield Streets

Manchester, Hartford County late 19th century

CHITTENDEN (RUSSELL HENRY) HOUSE 83 Trumbull Street New Haven, New Haven County 1880s

COLT (SAMUEL) HOME (Armsmear) 80 Wethersfield Avenue Hartford, Hartford County 1855; Henry Austin

CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 123 Huntington Street New Haven, New Haven County 1882-83

A 175-acre mi l l ing community l i t t l e changed s ince the Cheney family achieved supremacy in s i l k manufacturing here in the 19th century with t echn ica l innovations in spinning machinery. June 2, 1978.

Often ca l led the fa ther of American biochemist r y , Chit tenden, as d i r e c t o r of Yale ' s Sheff ield S c i e n t i f i c School, contr ibuted t o e s t a b l i s h i n g biochemistry as a major b io log ica l d i s c i p l i n e . May 15, 1975

Bui l t by the inventor of the C o l t ' s r evo lver , a weapon popularized in the Mexican-American War. November 13, 1966.

The f i r s t such s t a t i o n in the Nation, i t cons i s t e n t l y cont r ibuted t o American a g r i c u l t u r a l development. Ju ly 19, 1964.

CONNECTICUT HALL, YALE UNIVERSITY bounded by High, Chapel, Elm, and

College S t r e e t s New Haven, New Haven County 1750-52

Only pre-Revolutionary bui lding on the campus. Lone survivor of "Brick Row", a group of Georgian-style bu i ld ings . December 21, 1965.

38

Connecticut

CONNECTICUT STATE CAPITOL Capitol Avenue Hartford, Hartford County 1872-80; Richard M. Upjohn

DANA (JAMES DWIGHT) HOUSE 24 Hillhouse Avenue New Haven, New Haven County 1849; Henry Austin

DEANE (SILAS) HOUSE 203 Main Street Wethersf ield, Hartford County 1764

FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST 75 Main Street Farmington, Hartford County 1771

GOVERNOR JONATHAN TRUMBULL HOUSE

T h r e e - s t o r y m a r b l e and g r a n i t e e d i f i c e h i g h l i g h t e d by a t a l l c e n t r a l d e n e . Among t h e f i n e s t e x a m p l e s of a m o n u m e n t a l l y - s c a l e d p u b l i c b u i l d i n g i n t h e High V i c t o r i a n G o t h i c s t y l e i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . December 3 0 , 1970.

Dana, a p r o f e s s o r of g e o l o g y a t Y a l e , b roadened t h e scope of t h a t s c i e n c e t o i n c l u d e t h e s t u d y of t h e g e o l o g i c h i s t o r y of t h e w o r l d . J a n u a r y 12 , 1965 .

Deane was a d e l e g a t e t o t h e F i r s t C o n t i n e n t a l C o n g r e s s and was i n v o l v e d i n t h e e f f o r t t o d e v e l o p F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n t r a d e . November 2 8 , 1972.

As t h e c e n t e r of t h e community l i f e f o r t h e Amistad c a p t i v e s a f t e r t h e famous 1841 Supreme C o u r t t r i a l , t h e F i r s t Church of C h r i s t commemorates t h e i m p o r t a n c e of t h e Amistad a f f a i r i n t h e h i s t o r y of t h e a b o l i t i o n movement and i n t h e g rowing p o l i t i c a l d e b a t e abou t s l a v e r y i n t h e a n t e - b e l l u m U n i t e d S t a t e s . May 1 5 , 1975 .

See TRUMBULL (JOHN) BIRTHPLACE

HUmilKTON (SAMUEL) BIRTHPLACE S c o t l a n d , Windham County 18 th c e n t u r y

KIMBERLY MANSION 1625 Main S t r e e t G l a s t o n b u r y , H a r t f o r d County e a r l y 18 th c e n t u r y

LITCHFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT v i c i n i t y of t h e V i l l a g e Green L i t c h f i e l d , L i t c h f i e l d County L a t e 18 th c e n t u r y

H u n t i n g t o n , P r e s i d e n t of t h e C o n t i n e n t a l C o n g r e s s (1779-81) and l a t e r Governor of C o n n e c t i c u t , was b o r n i n t h i s l a r g e 2 - s t o r y frame s a l t - b o x h o u s e . November 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

Home of p i o n e e r f e m i n i s t l e a d e r s Abby and J u l i a Smi th f o r v i r t u a l l y t h e i r e n t i r e l i v e s . In t h e 1 8 7 0 ' s , t h e y r e f u s e d t o pay a r e a l e s t a t e t a x on t h e g r o u n d s t h a t t h e y were n o t e n f r a n c h i s e d . May 3 0 , 1974 .

V i l l a g e d a t i n g from t h e e a r l y 18 th c e n t u r y which t o d a y r e f l e c t s a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t y l e s of t h e l a t e 18 th and e a r l y 19 th c e n t u r i e s , a s w e l l a s t h e C o l o n i a l R e v i v a l . I t was a t r a d i n g c e n t e r on C o n n e c t i c u t ' s n o r t h w e s t f r o n t i e r u n t i l t h e 1 7 0 0 s . November 2 4 , 1968 .

I/XKWOOD-MATHEWS MANSION 295 West Avenue Norwalk , F a i r f i e l d County c . 1864 ; D e t l e f L i e n a u

P r o t o t y p i c a l example of t h e F rench R e n a i s s a n c e c h a t e a u e s g u e s t y l e of g r e a t mans ions of t h e G i l d e d Age. I t s s c a l e and m a t e r i a l s r e p r e s e n t a new s t a n d a r d of o p u l e n t d i s p l a y f o r t h e e r a . Rooms a r e a r r a n g e d a r o u n d a c e n t r a l o c t a g o n a l r o t u n d a l i g h t e d by a f o u r - s t o r y s k y l i g h t . December 30 , 1970.

39

Connecticut

MARSH (OTHNIEL C.) HOUSE 360 Prospect Street New Haven, New Haven County 1878

Marsh was America's f i r s t professor of paleontology and the in i t ia tor of Yale's scientific expeditions to the West. January 12, 1965.

MATHER (STEPHEN TYNG) HOME Stephen Mather Road Darien, F a i r f i e l d County 1778

MENDEL (LAFAYETTE B.) HOUSE 18 Trumbull S t r e e t New Haven, New Haven County 1880s; Henry Austin

MONTE CRISTO COTTAGE (Eugene O 'Nei l l House)

325 Pequot Avenue New London, New London County 1888-1919

Largely responsible for the creation of the National Park Service, Mather organized 21 parks into the National Park System and instituted interpretive programs for v i s i to rs . November 27, 1963.

Home of the distinguished early 20th-century Yale biochemist who contributed to the identification of vitamins and who performed pioneering research on proteins and nutrition in general. January 7, 1976.

O'Neill, one of America's outstanding dramat i s t s , spent most of his early summers in this cottage and probably wrote his f i r s t plays here. July 17, 1971.

MORLEY (EDWARD W.) HOUSE 26 Westland Avenue West Hartford, Hartford County 1906

MORGAN, (CmRLES W.)

NEW HAVEN GREEN HISTORIC DISTRICT bounded by Chapel, College, Elm, and Church Streets

New Haven, New Haven County 1812; Ithiel Town and others

NEWGATE PRISON, OLD

NORTON (CHARLES H.) HOUSE 132 Redstone Hill Plainville, Hartford County 1922

OLD NEWGATE PRISON Newgate Road Granby, Hartford County 18th century

Home of the chemist Edward W. Morley, who collaborated with Albert A. Michelson in measuring the speed of light (1887) and determined the atomic weights of hydrogen and oxygen (1895). May 15, 1975.

See gvARLES W. MORGAN

Significant as the setting for three churches remarkable both for individual architectural merit and as an outstanding urban ensemble of the 19th century. Center Church and United Church (fine examples of the Federal style) and Trinity Church (one of the first large Gothic Revival structures in America), all erected in 1812-16, stand on the east side of the Green. December 30, 1970.

See OLD NEWGATE PRISON

Latter-day home of the inventor of heavy-duty precision grinding machines which have become integral to modern industrial technology. May 11, 1976

Held British and Tory prisoners during the Revolution and became Connecticut's first State prison in 1790. November 28, 1972.

40

C o n n e c t i c u t

OLD STATEHOUSE Main S t r e e t a t C e n t r a l Row H a r t f o r d , H a r t f o r d County 1796; C h a r l e s B u l f i n c h

S i t e of t h e H a r t f o r d C o n v e n t i o n ( 1 8 1 4 ) , which v o i c e d New E n g l a n d ' s o p p o s i t i o n t o t h e War of 1812. December 19 , 1960

O'NEILL (EUGENE) HOUSE See MONTE CRISTO COTTAGE

REEVE (TAPPING) HOUSE AND LAW SCHOOL

Sou th S t r e e t L i t c h f i e l d , L i t c h f i e l d County 1772 ( h o u s e ) , 1784 ( l aw s c h o o l )

F i r s t p r o p r i e t a r y law s c h o o l in t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ; i t s t a n d s b e s i d e i t s f o u n d e r ' s h o u s e . Aaron B u r r and John C. Calhoun were among t h e g r a d u a t e s . December 2 1 , 1965 .

REMIIICTON (FREDERICK) HOUSE R i d g e f i e l d , F a i r f i e l d County 1909; F r e d e r i c k Remington

ROGERS (JOHN) STUDIO 10 C h e r r y S t r e e t New Canaan , F a i r f i e l d County 1877

Remington r e a l i s t i c a l l y documented t h e l i f e of t h e p o s t - C i v i l War West i n h i s a r t work . He d e s i g n e d t h i s f i e l d s t o n e - a n d - s h i n g l e 2 - s t o r y h o u s e , and l i v e d h e r e b r i e f l y u n t i l h i s d e a t h i n December, 1909 . December 2 1 , 1965 .

R o g e r s , an American s c u l p t o r of t h e 19 th c e n t u r y , became famous f o r h i s ' ' R o g e r s ' g r o u p s , " d e p i c t i n g l i t e r a r y and C i v i l War t h e m e s . December 2 1 , 1965 .

STANITEY-WHITMAN HOUSE 37 High S t r e e t F a r m i n g t o n , H a r t f o r d County c . 1660

R e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e few s u r v i v i n g frame h o u s e s b u i l t i n 1 7 t h - c e n t u r y New E n g l a n d . O c t o b e r 9 , 1960.

STATE CAPITOL See CONNECTICUT STATE (LAPITOL

STATE HOUSE, OLD See OLD STATEHOUSE

TRUMBULL (JOHN) BIRTHPLACE (Governor Jonathan Trumbull House)

Town Commons Lebanon, New London County C. 1735

John Trumbull was commissioned in 1817 to paint four Revolutionary War scenes for the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol. This Georgian frame house was built for his father, John Trumbull, Governor of Connecticut from 1769 to 1784. December 21, 1965.

TWAIN (MARK) HOME 351 Farmington Avenue Hartford, Hartford County 1874; Edward T. Potter and Alfred H. Thorp

Most of Twain's literary works, including Tom Sawyer, were written here. Retains the only Louis C. Tiffany owns outside of New York City. December 29, 1962.

4!

Connecticut

WEBB (JOSEPH) HOUSE 211 Main Street Wethersfield, Hartford County 1752

WEBSTER (NOAH) BIRTHPLACE 227 S. Main S t r e e t Hartford, Hartford County c . 1676

USS Naut i lus was the wor ld ' s f i r s t nuclear -propel led submarine. Her propulsion system i s a landmark in the h i s t o r y of naval e n g i neer ing. Naut i lus i s associa ted with the career of Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, the "fa ther of the nuclear Navy." May 20, 1982.

In the spr ing of 1781, General George Washington and the Count de Rochambeau met here t o plan t h e i r offensive aga ins t the B r i t i s h . January 20, 1961.

The famous lexicographer was born here in 1758. He i s most noted for the American Dict ionary of the English Language (1828). December 29, 1962.

WILLIAMS (WILLIAM) HOUSE Lebanon, New London County 18th century

Williams was a delegate from Connecticut t o the Continental Congress and signed the Declarat ion of Independence. November 11, 1971.

WOIJCOTT (OLIVER) HOUSE South S t r e e t L i t ch f i e ld , L i t ch f i e ld County 1753

Wolcott was a S ta te sena tor , a delegate t o the Continental Congress, and a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence. November 11, 1971

YALE BOWL Southwest of i n t e r s e c t i o n of

Chapel S t . and Yale Ave. New Haven, New Haven County 1914; Charles A. Ferry

The second o ldes t ac t ive col lege stadium in the United S t a t e s . The l a r g e s t stadium when i t was cons t ruc ted , i t was emulated because i t s "bowl" shape provided f ine views for the spec t a to r s from a l l s e a t s . I t a l so commemorates Yale ' s influence in e a r l y col lege foo tba l l due t o i t s noted p l aye r -coach -o f f i c i a l , Walter Camp. February 27, 1987.

YALE UNIVERSITY, CONNECTICUT HALL

See CONNECTICUT HALL . . .

42

USS NAUTILUS Groton, New London County 1954

DELAWARE (11)

ASPENDALE 1 m i l e w e s t of Kenton Kent County 1771-73

BROOM (JACOB) HOUSE M o n t c h a n i n , New C a s t l e County 1795

A s m a l l l a t e - 1 8 t h c e n t u r y p l a n t a t i o n , w i t h l i t t l e - c h a n g e d d e p e n d e n c i e s , l a n e s , and f i e l d d i v i s i o n s . The main house e x e m p l i f i e s t h e m o d e r a t e l y - s i z e d G e o r g i a n b r i c k farmhouse and t h e p e r s i s t e n c e of E a r l y G e o r g i a n a r c h i t e c t u r a l t r a d i t i o n s i n c o l o n i a l D e l a w a r e . A frame wing may p r e d a t e t h e main b r i c k p o r t i o n of t h e h o u s e . A p r i l 1 5 , 1970 .

Broom, a s i g n e r of t h e U . S . C o n s t i t u t i o n , s e r v e d i n t h e Delaware l e g i s l a t u r e and a t t e n d e d t h e A n n a p o l i s C o n v e n t i o n ( 1 7 8 6 ) . December 2 , 1974 .

CORBIT-SHARP HOUSE s o u t h w e s t c o r n e r , Main and

2nd S t r e e t s O d e s s a , New C a s t l e County 1772-74

T h i s house i s one of t h e g r e a t l a t e G e o r g i a n h o u s e s i n Delaware and t h e Middle C o l o n i e s . A l s o i l l u s t r a t e s t h e a r c h i t e c t u r a l i n f l u e n c e of a ma jo r town ( P h i l a d e l p h i a ) on s m a l l e r towns i n i t s r e g i o n . December 2 4 , 1 9 6 7 .

COURTHOUSE, OLD See OLD COURTHCXJSE

DICKINSON (JOHN) HOUSE 5 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Dover Kent County 1740 , 1804-06 ( r e p a i r e d and

e n l a r g e d )

D i c k i n s o n s e r v e d i n t h e Delaware and P e n n s y l v a n i a l e g i s l a t u r e s . He was a member of t h e Stamp Act C o n g r e s s , t h e F i r s t and

Second C o n t i n e n t a l C o n g r e s s e s , and t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n a l C o n v e n t i o n . H i s p o l i t i c a l w r i t i n g s , s u c h a s "The L e t t e r s of a P e n n s y l v a n i a F a r m e r , " were i n f l u e n t i a l . J a n u a r y 20 , 1961

ELEUTHERIAN MILLS G r e e n v i l l e New C a s t l e County 1802

Site of the works that revolutionized powder manufacturing and became the E. I. DuPont industry. Includes du Pont's residence, offices, and mills. November 13, 1966.

FORT CHRISTINA 7th Street and the Christina

River Wilmington, New Castle County 1638

Site of the first Swedish military outpost in the Delaware Valley, which became the nucleus of the first Swedish settlement in North American and its trading and commercial center. It fell into disrepair after the English conquest in 1664, and the last vestiges of the fort disappeared. November 5, 1961.

HOLY TRINITY (OLD SWEDES) CHURCH 7th and Church Streets Wilmington, New Castle County 1698

Oldest surviving church of a Delaware Valley Swedish congregation, built on the site of the Fort Christina settlement's first burial ground. November 5, 1961.

43

Delaware

LCMBARDY HALL Concord Pike Wilmington, New Castle County c . 1682

Home of Gunning Bedford, J r . , de legate from Delaware t o the Continental Congress and the Annapolis Convention (1786) and a s igner of the U.S. Cons t i tu t ion (1787). December 2, 1974.

NEW CASTLE COURTHOUSE See OLD COURTHOUSE

NEW CASTLE HISTORIC DISTRICT New C a s t l e , New C a s t l e County 17th-20th cen tu r i e s

Founded by Peter Stuyvesant in 1651 as the sea t of the New Netherlands government. Served as the co lon ia l c a p i t a l of Delaware u n t i l 1766. December 24, 1967.

OLD CCURTHCUSE Delaware S t r e e t , between 2nd

and 3rd S t r e e t s New Cas t l e , New Cast le County c . 1730

Assembly of the Three Lower Counties (Delaware) met here in 1689. Later housed the f i r s t S t a t e l e g i s l a t u r e . November 28, 1972.

OLD SWEDES CHURCH See HOLY TRINITY CHURCH

STONUM 9th and Washington Streets New Castle, New Castle County 18th century

Country home of George Read, signer of the U.S. Constitution, whose support led Delaware to become the first State to ratify the document. November 7, 1973.

44

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (59)

ABBE (CLEVELAND) HOUSE (Monroe-Adams-Abbe House)

2017 I Street NW 1805

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON

1530 P Street NW 1910; Carrere and Hastings

AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR BUILDING

901 Massachusetts Avenue NW 1915-16; Milburn, Heister, and Co.

AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS HEADOUARTERS

AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY 734 Jackson Place NW 1860s

ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM AND LIBRARY 6825 16th S t r e e t NW

ARTS AND INDUSTRIES BUILDING, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

900 Jefferson Drive SW 1879-81; Montgomery Meigs and

Cluss and Schulze

ASHBURTON HOUSE (ST. JOHN'S CHURCH PARISH HOUSE)

1525 H S t r e e t NW c . 1836

For more than 30 years the residence of a prominent 19th-century meteorologist known as the fa ther of the United S t a t e s Weather Serv ice . E a r l i e r , James Monroe and Charles Francis Adams resided h e r e . May 15, 1975.

Built with funds donated by Andrew Carnegie, the I n s t i t u t i o n opera tes the Mount Wilson Observatory and conducts research in the physical and b io log ica l sc iences . June 23, 1965.

Served as the Federa t ion ' s i n t e rna t iona l headqua r t e r s (1916-56). 7-s tory bui lding with limestone and brick e x t e r i o r , and c l e a r l y del ineated base , shaft and cornice sec t ions in the s t y l e of Su l l ivan . May 30, 1974.

See RED CROSS HEADQUARTERS

3-story brick Vic tor ian townhouse used as headqua r t e r s (1911-48) of the o ldes t organizat ion in America dedicated so l e ly t o promoting i n t e rna t i ona l peace. The Society was founded in the 1820s. May 30, 1974.

Founded in 1867, the Army Medical Museum was one of the f i r s t organized medico-mil i tary research programs. I t s co l l e c t i ons have been housed in a number of s t r u c t u r e s in ensuing yea r s . January 12, 1965.

Oustanding example of 19th-century "exposi t ion" a r c h i t e c t u r e , charac ter ized by a dramatic e x t e r i o r , inexpensive cons t ruc t ion , and a large enclosed a r ea . Bui l t t o house the foreign exh i b i t s sent to the Phi ladelphia Centennial Exhibit ion (1876). November 11 , 1971.

Scene of the 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty negot ia t ions t o resolve the dispute with Great Br i t i an over the Canadian border . November 7, 1973.

BAKER (NFAvTON D.) HOUSE 3017 N S t r e e t NW 1794

Residence (1916-20) of one of the most notable S e c r e t a r i e s of War; he presided over the n a t i o n ' s World War I mobi l i za t ion . He continued to be a proponent of Wilson's concept of world involvement during the 1920s. December 8, 1976.

45

D. C.

BLAIR (BLAIR-LEE) HOUSE 1651-1653 Pennsylvania Avenue NW 1824-27

BORAH (WILLIAM E.) APARTMENT, WINDSOR LODGE

2139-2141 Wyoming Avenue NW c . 1913

BRUCE (BLANCHE K.) HOUSE 909 M S t r e e t NW 1865

CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTEF*ATIONAL PEACE

700 Jackson Place NW 1860

CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON, ADMINISTRATION BUILDING

Since 1942 the Federal government's Of f ic ia l Guest Residence, s i g n i f i c a n t for the g rea t number of d i g n i t a r i e s who have res ided or been received t h e r e . Previous r e s i d e n t s have included Francis P . B l a i r , S r . , a member of Jackson ' s "Kitchen Cabinet ," and George Bancroft . October 29, 1937. (reconfirmed by the National Park System Advisory Board, October 26, 1973.)

Residence (1913-29) of leading Republican progress ive Senator from Idaho, who was a most powerful force in foreign a f f a i r s during the 1920 's . He lead the " i r r e c o n c i l a b l e s " who defeated Pres ident Wilson's League of Nations and of the i s o l a t i o n i s t s in the 1930s. December 8, 1976.

Representing Mis s i s s ipp i , Bruce was the f i r s t Black American t o serve a f u l l term in the United S t a t e s Senate (1875-81). May 15, 1975.

National headquar ters (1910-48) of the o rgan i zat ion which Andrew Carnegie endowed with $10 mi l l ion t o "hasten the a b o l i t i o n of war." May 30, 1974.

See ADMINISTRATION BUILDING . . .

GARY (MARY ANN SHADD) HOUSE 1421 W S t r e e t NW Date of cons t ruc t ion unknown

Home of the Black teacher and j o u r n a l i s t , who lec tured widely in the cause of a b o l i t i o n and who a f t e r the C iv i l War became one of the f i r s t Black female lawyers. She l ived here from 1881 t o 1885. December 8, 1976.

CHAPEL HALL, GALLAUDBT COLLEGE (Or ig ina l ly designated December 21 , 1965. Boundary expanded September 16, 1985.) See GALLAUDET COLLEGE HISTORIC DISTRICT.

CITY HALL (DISTRICT COURTHOUSE) 4th and E S t r e e t s NW 1820-49; George Hadfield

CONSTITUTION HALL 311 Eighteenth S t r e e t , N. W. 1924-30; John Russel l Pope

Trials of national interest were held here, including that of John Surratt, conspirator in Lincoln's assassination. One of the earliest buildings erected in the city by the Federal government. December 19, 1960.

Designed by an eminent architect to accommodate the annual Congresses of the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution. A nationally known center for the performing arts. September 16, 1985.

46

D. C.

COUES (ELLIOTT) HOUSE 1726 N S t r e e t NW 1880s

DECATUR HOUSE 748 Jackson Place NW 1818-19; Benjamin H. Latrobe

DISTRICT CXXJRTHOUSE

EXECUTIVE OFFICE BUILDING, OLD

GALLAUDET COLLEGE Flor ida Avenue and 7th S t r e e t NE 1866; Olmsted, Vaux, and Co.,

with Frederick Withers

GENERAL POST OFFICE Between 7th and 8th s t r e e t s NW 1839-66; Robert Mil ls and

Thomas U. Walter

GEORGETOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT Georgetown 18th-19th centuries

GOMPERS (SAMUEL) HOUSE 2122 1st S t r e e t NW

GRIMKE (cmRirrrrE FORTEN) HOUSE 1608 R S t r e e t NW c . 1880

GUNDELO PHILADELPHIA

HOWARD (GENERAL OLIVER OTIS) HOUSE

607 Howard Place Howard Univers i ty 1867-69

Hone of a leading 19th-century o r n i t h o l o g i s t whose s t u d i e s g r e a t l y expanded the knowledge of North Anerican bird l i f e . May 15, 1975.

Designed by one of America's f i r s t profess ional a r c h i t e c t s for Comnodore Stephen Decatur, suppressor of the Barbary p i r a t e s . Later occupants included Henry Clay, Martin Van Buren, and Judah P. Benjamin. December 19, 1960.

See CITY HALL

See STATE, WAR, AND NAVY BUILDING

The only U.S. i n s t i t u t i o n of higher learning devoted s p e c i f i c a l l y t o the education of the deaf. Includes Chapel Hal l , an e a r l y Gothic Revival example of a "memorial h a l l " c o l l e g i a t e bu i ld ing . December 21 , 1965 (for Chapel Ha l l ) ; D i s t r i c t boundary expanded September 16, 1985.

This beau t i fu l ly scaled and f ine ly d e t a i l e d building i s a tour de force of r e s t r a ined Neoclassical des ign. November 11 , 1971.

This 13th-century r i v e r port became the center of soc ia l and diplomatic l i f e in the D i s t r i c t of Columbia e a r l y in the 19th century . (Most of the surviving bui ld ings postdate 1800.) May 28, 1967.

This 3-s tory br ick rowhouse served as Gcmpers' residence from 1902 t o 1917, while he was pres ident of the American Federation of Labor. May 30, 1974.

Home of the pioneer Black educator , best known for her work in the Black community of Port Royal, South Carolina (1862-64). May 11, 1976.

See PHILADELPHIA

Residence of the Union general and head of the Freedman's Bureau, the only one of the four o r i g i n a l Univers i ty bui ld ings s tanding . May 30, 1974.

47

D. C.

HUGHES (CHARLES EVANS) HOUSE 2223 R S t r e e t NW 1907; George Oak ley T o t t e n

Hughes was a l e a d e r i n t h e P r o g r e s s i v e movement, t h e h o l d e r of i m p o r t a n t o f f i c e s u n d e r s e v e r a l P r e s i d e n t s , J u s t i c e and Chie f J u s t i c e of t h e U . S . Supreme C o u r t , and R e p u b l i c a n c a n d i d a t e f o r P r e s i d e n t i n 1916. He r e s i d e d h e r e from 1930 u n t i l h i s d e a t h i n 1948 . November 2 8 , 1972 .

JOHNSON (HIRAM W.) HOUSE 122 Maryland Avenue NE c . 1810

R e s i d e n c e (1929-47) of S e n a t o r Hiram W. J o h n s o n , a l e a d i n g v o i c e of t h e P r o g r e s s i v e movement; he c a l l e d f o r t h e f o r m a t i o n of t h e P r o g r e s s i v e P a r t y i n 1912 . December 8 , 1976 .

MARINE CORPS BARRACKS AND COMMANDANT'S HOUSE

See U . S . MARINE CORPS BARRACKS AND COMMANDANT'S HOUSE

MELLON (ANDREiV) BUILDING 1785 M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue NW 1915-1916 ; J . H . de S i b o u r

MEMORIAL CONTINENTAL HALL 1 7 t h S t r e e t , be tween C and D

S t r e e t s NW 1902; Edward P e a r s e Casey

R e s i d e n c e (1922 -37 ) of t h e m i l l i o n a i r e i n d u s t r i a l i s t who was S e c r e t a r y of t h e T r e a s u r y from 1921 t o 1932 , t h e l o n g e s t t e n u r e s i n c e A l b e r t G a l l a t i n . He a u t h o r e d t h e "Mel lon P l a n " which s t i m u l a t e d t h e economic boom of t h e 1 9 2 0 s . Now h e a d q u a r t e r s of t h e N a t i o n a l T r u s t f o r H i s t o r i c P r e s e r v a t i o n . May 1 1 , 1976.

S i t e of t h e 1921 i n t e r n a t i o n a l n a v a l d i s a r m a ment c o n f e r e n c e . The s t r u c t u r e i s t h e n a t i o n a l h e a d q u a r t e r s of t h e D a u g h t e r s of t h e American R e v o l u t i o n . November 2 8 , 1972 .

MCNROE-ADAMS-ABBE HOUSE See ABBE HOUSE

NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE P S t r e e t SW, w i t h i n F o r t L e s l e y

J . McNair 1907; McKim, Mead, and White

NAVAL OBSERVATORY (OLD)

E s t a b l i s h e d t o s e r v e t h e Army i n an a d v i s o r y and e d u c a t i o n a l c a p a c i t y . S i n c e 1946 t h e c o l l e g e h a s b e e n u sed a s an i n t e r s e r v i c e f a c i l i t y . November 2 8 , 1972 .

See OLD NAVAL OBSERVATORY

4;;

LAFAYETTE SQUARE HISTORIC DISTRICT I n c l u d e s b u i l d i n g s f r o n t i n g

on H S t r e e t , J a c k s o n P l a c e , Madison P l a c e , and P e n n s y l v a n i a Avenue

1 8 t h - 2 0 t h c e n t u r i e s

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (Jefferson Building)

1st S t r e e t and Independence Avenue SE

1886-97; Smithmeyer and Pelz

Lafayette Park, designated as the P r e s i d e n t ' s Park when Washington became the Capi ta l in 1791, was renamed in 1824 to honor the v i s i t i n g Marquis de Lafaye t te . Houses fronting the park have been the res idences of prominent people. August 29, 1970.

Establ ished in 1800 pr imar i ly t o serve the Congress, the Library i s now one of the wor ld ' s l a r g e s t , with a g r e a t l y expanded scope of s e r v i c e s . December 21 , 1965.

D. C.

OCTAGON HOUSE (The Octagon) 1799 New York Avenue NW 1799-1800; Dr. William Thornton

OLD NAVAL OBSERVATORY 23rd and E Street NW 1844

OLD PATENT OFFICE F and G Streets between 7th and

9th s t r e e t s NW 1840, William P. E l l i o t ;

1849-51, Robert Mil ls; 1851-67, Edward Clark

PENSION BUILDING (NATIONAL BUILDING MUSEUM)

4th, 5th, F, and G s t r e e t s , N. W.

1882-1885; Montgomery C. Meigs

(GUNDELO) PHILADELPHIA Smithsonian Ins t i tut ion National

Museum of American History 14th Street and Constitution

Avenue NW 1776

An octagonal Federal-style townhouse, bu i l t by the architect who designed the U.S. Capitol. Occupied temporarily in 1814-15 by President Madison after the burning of the White House. The Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812, was signed here. December 19, 1960.

The observatory has made important contribut ions in the f i e l d s of oceanography and navigation. January 12, 1965.

One of the largest Greek Revival buildings bui l t by the United States government in the 19th century. The Patent Office maintained a library and a display of patent models here. Now houses the National Portrait Gallery and National Museum of American Art. January 12, 1965.

A s t a t e l y building of red brick and immense proportions, s igni f icant as an ear ly revival of the I ta l ian Renaissance s t y l e . The archit ec t anticipated the full-blown revival of Renaissance c lass ic i sm. Built to house the U.S. Pension Bureau, and intended as a major memorial to those who served in the Civi l War. February 4, 1985.

Only extant gunboat bu i l t and manned by Americans during the Revolutionary War. Built in 1776, and sunk in a bat t le on Lake Champlain that same year. January 20, 1961.

RED CROSS (AMERICAN NATIONAL) HFJfflCUARTERS

17th and D Street NW 1915-17; Trowbridge and

Livingston

RENWICK GALLERY Mortheast corner, 17th Street

and Pennsylvania Avenue NW 1859-60; James Renwick, J r .

Houses the administration of the Nation's o f f i c i a l r e l i e f organization; the Red Cross was accepted in the United States about 1884, due largely to the e f for t s of Clara Barton. June 23, 1965.

One of the e a r l i e s t French Renaissance s tructures in the United Sta tes . Built for W. W. Corcoran, one of America's f i r s t great art patrons, t o house h i s personal c o l l e c t i o n . November 11, 1971.

RICHARDS (7ALMON) HOUSE 1301 Corcoran Street NW Mid-19th century

Home of the founder and first president of the National Education Association, who promoted the passage in 1867 of the bill establishing the Federal Office of Education. December 21, 1965.

49

D. C.

ST. JOHN'S CHURCH 16th and H S t r e e t NW 1816, Benjamin H. L a t r o b e ;

1883 , James Renwick, J r .

An e x c e l l e n t example of e a r l y 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y F e d e r a l a r c h i t e c t u r e , known a s t h e "Church of t h e P r e s i d e n t s . " S i n c e M a d i s o n ' s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , Pew 54 h a s t r a d i t i o n a l l y been s e t a s i d e f o r t h e P r e s i d e n t and h i s f a m i l y . December 19 , 1960.

ST. JOHN'S CHURCH PARISH HOUSE See ASHBURTON HOUSE

SAINT LUKE'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH 15th and Church S t r e e t NW 1879

SEMALL-BEU40NT HOUSE 144 C o n s t i t u t i o n Avenue NE 1820, 1929

Church founded and l e d by A l e x a n d e r Crummel l , 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y Black l e a d e r who e a r l y e s p o u s e d t h e n e c e s s i t y f o r B l a c k s t o c u l t i v a t e an e d u c a t e d c a d r e t h a t would l e a d them t o c i v i l r i g h t s and e q u a l i t y . May 1 1 , 1976.

H e a d q u a r t e r s of t h e N a t i o n a l Woman's P a r t y from 1929 , and c l o s e l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h p a r t y founde r A l i c e P a u l , a l e a d e r i n t h e f i g h t f o r women's s u f f r a g e . May 30 , 1974. (Now t h e S e w a l l - B e l m o n t House N a t i o n a l H i s t o r i c S i t e . )

SMITRSONIAN INSTI'TUTION BUILDING

J e f f e r s o n Dr ive a t 10 th S t r e e t SW 1855 ; James Renwick, J r .

O r i g i n a l S m i t h s o n i a n b u i l d i n g , now h o u s i n g some of t h e I n s t i t u t i o n ' s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e s . The f i n e s t r ema in ing example of Norman R e v i v a l c i v i l a r c h i t e c t u r e in t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . J a n u a r y 12 , 1965 .

SMITHSONI.AN INSTITUTION, ARTS AND INDUSTRIES BUILDING

See ARTS AND INDUSTRIES BUILDING

STATE, WAR, AND NAVY (OLD EXECUTIVE OFFICE) BUILDING

S o u t h e a s t c o r n e r , P e n n s y l v a n i a Avenue and 1 7 t h S t r e e t NW

1 8 7 1 - 8 8 ; A l f r e d B . M u l l e t t

C o n s t r u c t e d f o r t h e S t a t e , War, and Navy D e p a r t m e n t s i n t h e Second Empire v e r s i o n of t h e F rench R e n a i s s a n c e R e v i v a l s t y l e . Complex Mansard roof c a p s t i e r s of hooded windows and c o l u m n s . E l a b o r a t e g a s l i g h t c h a n d e l i e r s , c a r v e d m a n t e l s , and s p i r a l i n g s t a i r c a s e s d e c o r a t e t h e i n t e r i o r . Itovember 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

SUPREME COURT BUILDING F i r s t and C a p i t o l S t r e e t , NE 1 9 3 5 - p r e s e n t ; Cass G i l b e r t

TERRELL (MARY CHURCH) HOUSE 326 T Street NW 1907

Although the Constitution profided, in Article III, for the creation of a national judiciary, it took 145 years for the Court to find a permanent residence devoted to its needs. The construction of a building exclusively for the use of the Supreme Court in 1935, was a reaffirmation of the nation's faith in the doctrine of judicial independence and separation of powers. May 4, 1987.

Residence of the civil rights leader who achieved national prominence as the first president of the National Association of Colored Women. May 15, 1975.

50

D. C.

TUDOR PLACE 1644 3 1 s t S t r e e t NW c . 1815 ; Dr . W i l l i a m T h o r n t o n

UNDERWOOD (OSCAR W.) HOUSE 2000 G S t r e e t NW 19 th c e n t u r y

For many y e a r s one of t h e c e n t e r s of Georgetown s o c i e t y . G u e s t s a t t h i s e a r l y F e d e r a l house have i n c l u d e d Robe r t E. Lee and t h e Marqu i s do L a f a y e t t e . December 19 , 1960.

R e s i d e n c e (1914-25) of t h e Democra t i c l e a d e r of t h e House of R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s a f t e r t h e 1910 e l e c t i o n and D e m o c r a t i c P r e s i d e n t i a l c o n t e n d e r of 1912. He a u t h o r e d what h a s been c a l l e d t h e most e q u i t a b l e t a r i f f s i n c e 1861— t h e Under wood-Simmons T a r i f f ( 1 9 1 3 ) . Decernber 8 , 1976.

UNITED STATES CAPITOL C a p i t o l H i l l 1793-1802 , Dr. W i l l i a m T h o r n t o n

1 8 0 3 - 1 7 , Benjamin H. L a t r o b a 1 8 1 9 - 2 9 , C h a r l e s B u l f i n c h 1 8 3 6 - 5 1 , R o b e r t M i l l s 1 8 5 1 - 6 5 , Thomas U. W a l t e r

P r e s i d e n t Wash ing ton l a i d t h e c o r n e r s t o n e i n 1793 . The C a p i t o l h a s housed t h e l e g i s l a t i v e chambers of t h e U . S . C o n g r e s s s i n c e 1800, and housed t h e U . S . Supreme C o u r t from 1800 u n t i l 1935. P r e s i d e n t i a l i n a u g u r a t i o n s a r e t r a d i t i o n a l l y h e l d h e r e . December 19, 1960.

U . S . DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 1500 P e n n s y l v a n i a Avenue NW 1836, R o b e r t M i l l s ; 1851 , Thomas

U. W a l t e r ; 1852, Amrni B. Young; 1862, I s a i a h R o g e r s ; 1865 , A l f r e d B. M u l l e t t

B u i l t i n t h e Greek R e v i v a l s t y l e , t h i s b u i l d i n g was a s t r o n g i n f l u e n c e on t h e a r c h i t e c t u r e of t h e p e r i o d . November 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

U . S . MARINE CORPS BARRACKS AND CXWMANDAN-r'S HOUSE

801 G S t r e e t SE 1803 (Commandant ' s H o u s e ) ;

1902-06 ( B a r r a c k s ) , Hornb lower and M a r s h a l l

N a t i o n ' s o l d e s t c o n t i n u o u s l y a c t i v e Marine Corps i n s t a l l a t i o n . Corps h e a d q u a r t e r s from 1801 t o 1 9 0 1 . Heme of t h e Marine Band, t h e o f f i c i a l White House m u s i c a l u n i t . May 1 1 , 1976.

U . S . SOLDIERS' HOME Rock Creek Church Road NW 1851

Four p r e - C i v i l War s t r u c t u r e s formed t h e c o r e of t h e e a r l y S o l d i e r s ' Home, e s t a b l i s h e d i n 1 8 5 1 . F i r s t home f o r d i s a b l e d o r r e t i r e d Regul a r Army s o l d i e r s who had s e r v e d i n p e a c e t i m e . November 7 , 1973 .

VOLTA BUREAU 1537 35 th S t r e e t NW 1893

In 1887 A l e x a n d e r Graham B e l l founded t h e V o l t a Bureau a s an i n s t r u m e n t " f o r t h e i n c r e a s e and d i f f u s i o n of kncwledge r e l a t i n g t o t h e Deaf ." The Bureau merged w i t h t h e American A s s o c i a t i o n f o r t h e P romot ion of t h e Teach ing of Speech t o t h e Deaf i n 1908 . The V o l t a Bureau c o n t i n u e s i t s work in a i d i n g t h e d e a f . November 2 8 , 1972.

WASHINGTON AQUEmCT MacArthur B o u l e v a r d NW 1 8 5 3 - 6 3 ; Montgomery

C. Meigs

The A q u e d u c t ' s 1 2 - m i l e unde rg round masonry c o n d u i t i s s t i l l i n u s e . I t s c o n s t r u c t i o n was an e a r l y example of t h e Army Corps of E n g i n e e r s ' e n t r y i n t o p u b l i c works p r o j e c t s . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

51

D. C.

WASHINGTON NAVY YARD 8 t h and M S t r e e t s SE 1800-1910

WHITE (DAVID) HOUSE 1459 Girard Street NW 1890s

WHITE HOUSE 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 1792, 1815; James Hoban

The U . S . N a v y ' s f i r s t y a r d and f i r s t home p o r t . C e n t e r f o r e a r l y 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y n a v a l o p e r a t i o n s d u r i n g a c r i t i c a l p e r i o d of e x p a n d i n g n a t i o n a l i sm. May 1 1 , 1976.

Home of d i s t i n g u i s h e d U n i t e d S t a t e s G e o l o g i c a l Su rvey g e o l o g i s t b e s t known a s a l e a d i n g e x p e r t on t h e o r i g i n and e v o l u t i o n of c o a l and a s t h e a u t h o r of a t h e o r y of o i l d i s t r i b u t i o n b a s i c t o t h e p e t r o l e u m i n d u s t r y . J a n u a r y 7 , 1976.

Home of e v e r y p r e s i d e n t of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s s i n c e John Adams, t h e p h y s i c a l symbol of t h a t o f f i c e . The e x t e r i o r , w i t h a d d i t i o n s and minor c h a n g e s , r e m a i n s much a s i t was in 1800 though t h e i n t e r i o r h a s been c o m p l e t e l y r e n o v a t e d u s i n g t h e h i s t o r i c f l o o r p l a n . December 19 , 1960.

WILSON (WCODROW) HOUSE 2340 S S t r e e t NW 1915; Waddy B . Wood

WOODSON (CARTER G.) HOUSE 1538 9 t h S t r e e t NW c . 1890

WOTDWARD (ROBERT SIMPSON) HOUSE 1513 16 th S t r e e t NW c . 1880s o r 1890s

P r e s i d e n t Wi l son s p e n t h i s l a s t y e a r s (1921-24) h e r e a s a s e m i - i n v a l i d , weakened by h i s f i g h t f o r t h e League of N a t i o n s . C o n t a i n s memorab i l i a a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e l i v e s of t h e W i l s o n s . J u l y 1 9 , 1964 .

Home of t h e founde r of Black h i s t o r y s t u d i e s i n t h e U . S . Woodson g u i d e d t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of t h e A s s o c i a t i o n fo r t h e S tudy of Negro L i f e and H i s t o r y and t h e J o u r n a l of Negro H i s t o r y . May 1 1 , 1976.

Washington home (1904-c. 1914) of a leading la te -19 th-cen tury geologis t and mathematician who was the f i r s t pres ident of the Carnegie I n s t i t u t i o n when he l ived here . January 7, 1976.

52

FLORIDA (23)

BATERIA DE SAN ANTONIO

BETHUNE (MARY MCLEOD) HOME Campus of Bethune-Cookman College Daytona Beach, Volusia County c . 1920

BRITISH FORT 6 miles southwest of Sumatra Franklin County 1814

CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION Vicinity of Cocoa Brevard County c. 1950

CATHEDRAL OF ST. AUGUSTINE Cathedral Street between

Charlotte and St. George Streets

St. Augustine, St. Johns County 1797; 1887-88 (restored), James Renwick

DADE BATTLEFIELD Bushnell v i c i n i t y Sumter County 1835

FERDINAND MAGELLAN

FORT SAN CARLOS DE BARRANCAS (Bater ia Be San Antonio)

Pensacola, Escambia County 1797-1798

See FORT SAN C7VRL0S DE BARRANCAS

Two-story frame house belonging to the c i v i l r i g h t s l eader , admin i s t r a to r , educator , adviser t o p r e s iden t s , and consul tant to the United Nations, on the campus of the school she e s t ab l i shed in 1904. December 2, 1974.

S i te of a fo r t e s tab l i shed by the B r i t i s h in 1814 in conjunction with the War of 1812. After the war, the fo r t became known as "Negro For t" , because of the runaway s laves who occupied i t . In 1816 the U.S. Army destroyed the f o r t , helping p r e c i p i t a t e the F i r s t Seminole War. May 15, 1975.

Since the launch of America's f i r s t e a r t h s a t e l l i t e in 1958, the Cape Canaveral Air Force S ta t ion has been America's premier f a c i l i t y devoted t o space exp lo ra t ion . The landmark c o n s i s t s of discontiguous s i t e s within the Air Force S ta t ion , encompassing Launch Pads 5, 6, 14, 19, 26, 34, the mobile serv ice tower a t Pad 13, and the o r i g i n a l Mission Control Room. April 16, 1984.

St. Augustine Parish, established in 1594, is the oldest Roman Catholic parish in the mainland United States. The Cathedral is largely a restoration of an 18th-century church. April 15, 1970.

Si t e of the f i r s t m i l i t a r y confrontat ion of the Second Seminole War (1835-42). Symbolic of Chief Osceola ' s concerted plan of r e s i s tance t o Pres ident Jackson 's removal p o l i c i e s . Now forms Dade B a t t l e f i e l d Memorial S ta te Park. November 7, 1973.

See U. S. CAR NO. 1

A semicircular brick fortification, this fort was an important northern outpost of the Spanish Caribbean empire until Andrew Jackson captured it in 1814 in response to British-Spanish collaboration in the War of 1812. October 9, 1960. (Included in Gulf Islands National Seashore.)

53

Flor ida

FORT SAN MARCOS DE APALACHE 18 miles south of Tal lahassee

on U.S. 319 and F la . 363 S t . Marks, Wakulla County 1660

Capture of t h i s for t by Andrew Jackson in 1818 was instrumental in the American acqu i s i t i on of Flor ida the next year . November 13, 1966.

FORT WALTON MOUND Fort Walton Beach Okaloosa County Late p r e h i s t o r i c

FORT ZAOIARY TAYLOR U.S. Naval S ta t ion Key West, Monroe County 1844-56

GONZALEZ-ALVAREZ HOUSE (Oldest House)

14 S t . Francis S t r e e t S t . Augustine, S t . Johns County c . 1723, 1775-86, 1790

HEMINGWAY (ERNEST) HOUSE 907 Whitehead S t r e e t Key West, Monroe County c . 1850

A type s i t e for the Indian cu l tu re present along the northwest Flor ida coast a t the time of De S o t o ' s exp lo ra t ion of F lo r ida . Ju ly 19, 1964.

The for t was a s trong Union outpost in the South throughout the Civ i l War and provided a defense for the Key West naval s t a t i o n during the Spanish-American War (1898). May 31 , 1973.

A "St . August ine-s ty le" townhouse, adapted t o F l o r i d a ' s unique c l ima t i c cond i t i ons . The o r ig ina l 1-story house had coquina (broken cora l and s h e l l ) wal ls and f loo r s of tabby (oyster s h e l l s mixed with l i n e ) . April 15, 1970.

Winner of both the P u l i t z e r and Nobel Pr izes for l i t e r a t u r e , Hemingway l ived in t h i s large 2-s tory Spanish-s ty le house frcm 1931 to 1940. Among the works he wrote here i s To Have and Have Not. November 24, 1968.

LLAMBIAS (FEPINANDEZ-LLAMBIAS) HOUSE

31 S t . Francis S t r e e t S t . Augustine, S t . Johns County Late 18th century

MAR-A-LAGO 1100 S. Ocean Boulevard Palm Beach, Palm Beach County 1923-27; Marion Syms Wyeth

"NEGRO FORT"

Among the few ex tan t s t r u c t u r e s in Saint Augustine tha t da te s from the f i r s t Spanish per iod. A res tored example of organic growth of a dwelling b u i l t on a v a r i a t i o n of the "S t . Augustine Plan ." I t combines English and Spanish a r c h i t e c t u r a l d e t a i l s . April 15, 1970.

This sprawling, Mediterranean-style v i l l a , home of Marjorie Merriweather Post , exemp l i f i e s the baronia l way of l i f e of the wealthy who b u i l t mansions in Flor ida during the Flor ida land boom of the 1920s. December 23, 1980.

See BRITISH FORT

OKEECHOBEE BATTLEFIELD 4 miles southeast of Okeechobee

on U.S. 441 Okeechobee County 1837

S i te of Zachary Tay lo r ' s dec i s ive v i c t o r y , the turning point in the Second Seminole War. July 4, 1961.

54

Florida

OLDEST HOUSE See GONZALEZ-ALVAREZ HOUSE

PELICAN ISLAND NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

South of Sebastian on Indian River Indian River County 1903

First Federal sanctuary for the protection of wildlife, established by President Theodore Roosevelt. A rookery for brown pelicans and other waterfowl. May 23, 1963.

PENSACOLA NAVAL AIR STATION HISTORIC DISTRICT

Pensacola, Escambia County 1914-19

PLAZA FERDINAND VII Palafox Street between Government

and Zaragossa Streets Pensacola, Escambia County 1821

The United States' first permanent naval air station, first Navy pilot training center, and first U.S. naval installation to send pilots into combat. December 8, 1976.

Site of the completion of the formal transfer of Florida from Spain to the United States on July 17, 1821. Andrew Jackson, as newly appointed Governor, officially proclaimed the establishment of the Florida Territory. October 9, 1960.

SAFETY HARBOR SITE 1 mile northeast of Safety Harbor Pinellas County Late prehistoric

ST. AUGUSTINE TOWN PLAN HISTORIC DISTRICT

St. Augustine, St. Johns County 16th-19th centuries

SAN LUIS DE APALACHE 2 miles west of Tallahassee on U.S. 90

Leon County 1633, 1663

Site depicts a late prehistoric and early historic period, representing the Gulf Coast Timucua Indian culture at the time of European contact. July 19, 1964.

Oldest continuously occupied European settlement in the continental United States, founded as a Spanish military base in 1565. Laid out around a central plaza, the present streets are all in the original town plan. April 15, 1970.

Administrative center for the Spanish Province of Apalache. Abandoned when Great Britain began the destruction of the Spanish Florida missions in 1702. October 9, 1960.

TAMPA BAY HOTEL 401 W. Kennedy Boulevard Tampa, Hillsborough County 1888-91; J.A. Wood

Headquarters of the army that invaded Cuba in the Spanish-American War (1898). News center for journalists participating in the "Correspondents' War." The hotel was a pioneer effort in the Florida resort business, and an excellent example of Moorish-Turkish Revival architecture. May 11, 1976.

55

Florida

WINDOVER ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE 8006 Windover Way T i t u s v i l l e , Brevard County 7,000 to 8,000 Before Present

Used by Pres iden t s Frankin D. Roosevelt and Truman on a number of momentous s t a t e occasions , as well as for rout ine r a i l t r ave l and in r ee l ec t i on campaigns. Presented t o FDR in 1942, i t was b u i l t in 1928 as Ferdinand Magellan for use in the Pullman Company's f l e e t of railway c a r s . February 4, 1985.

This small , i so la ted peat depos i t conta ins a r t i f a c t s and human b u r i a l s da t ing t o the Early Archaic per iod . I t r epresen t s one of the l a rge s t c o l l e c t i o n s of human s k e l e t a l mater ia l from i t s time period and ore of the l a rge s t c o l l e c t i o n s of f ibe r a r t s yet found a t any archeologica l s i t e in the New World. Analysis of preserved human t i s s u e and bone i s providing information on p r e h i s t o r i c mi tochondrial DNA soluble and s t a b l e bone p r o t e i n s . May 28, 1987

56

U. S. CAR NO. 1 (FERDINAND MAGELLAN)

Gold Coast Railroad, Inc. Miami, Dade County 1928, 1942-54

GEORGIA (42)

BELLEVUE (Benjamin Harvey H i l l House)

204 Ben H i l l S t r e e t La Grange/ Troup County 1853-55

Georgia s ta tesman ' s home. A s ign i f i can t example of the "domesticated temple" form of the Greek Revival s t y l e , with noteworthy p l a s t e r co rn ices . November 7, 1973.

BENET (STEPHEN VINCENT) HOUSE (Commandant's House)

2500 Walton Way Augusta, Richmond County 19th-20th c e n t u r i e s

Stephen Vincent Benet, known for h i s poetry and shor t s t o r i e s , began h i s wr i t ing career in t h i s 2-s tory Federa l - s ty le house a f t e r moving here in 1911. Now serving as the P r e s i d e n t ' s hate for Augusta College. November 11, 1971.

CALHCXJN MINE Dahlonega, Lumpkin County 1828

Associated with the discovery of gold in Georgia and the subsequent gold rush, which drove the Cherokees from their land. November 7, 1973.

CARMICHAEL HOUSE 1183 Georgia Avenue Macon, Bibb County Late 1840s; Elam Alexander

Exemplifies the variety and individuality possible within the Greek Revival style, in its use of classical detail in combination with a modified Greek cross plan and spiral staircase in a central tower. November 7, 1973.

CEITTRAL OF GEORGIA RAILROAD SHOPS AND TERMINAL (DEPOT AND TRAINSHED)

W. Broad Street at Liberty Savannah, Chatham County 1860-66, 1876

CHIEFTAINS (Major Ridge House) 80 Cha t i l lon Road Rome, Floyd County c . 1792, c . 1837

Early attempt to bui ld a comprehensive r a i l r oad terminal and shop complex. The t ra inshed i s the o ldes t remaining example of e a r l y iron roof cons t ruc t ion , the f i r s t s t ep in the evolut ion of nodern s t e e l bui lding methods. December 8, 1976 (o r ig ina l des igna t ion) ; June 2, 1978 (boundary en l a rged ) .

The hand-hewn log cabin b u i l t by Major Ridge, a Cherokee l eader , i s incorporated in to the present l a r g e r house. Ridge operated a fe r ry and t rading post and was the speaker of the Cherokee National Council . November 7, 1973.

COLLEGE HILL (Walton-Harper House) 2216 Wrightsboro Road Augusta v i c i n i t y Richmond County 1795

Property t r a d i t i o n a l l y associa ted with George Walton, a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence. He a l so served as Georgia ' s Governor, Chief J u s t i c e of the S ta te Supreme Court, and U.S. Senator . November 11, 1971.

COLUMBUS HISTORIC RIVERFRONT INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT

East bank of Chattahoochee River 8th-38th S t r e e t s North Columbus, Muscogee County 19th century

The area exemplif ies the use of hydrotech-nology and i t s con t r ibu t ions to the growth of an important southern t e x t i l e cen te r . June 2, 1978.

^7

G e o r g i a

COMMANDANT'S HOUSE See BENET (STEPHEN VINCENT) HOUSE

DIXIE COCA-COLA BOTTLING COMPANY PLANT

125 Edgewood Avenue A t l a n t a , F u l t o n County 1891

T h i s s m a l l b r i c k b u i l d i n g s e r v e d , i n 1 9 0 0 - 0 1 , a s t h e h e a d q u a r t e r s of what h a s become t h e Coca -Co la B o t t l i n g Company. May 4 , 1 9 8 3 .

ETOWAH MOUNDS 3 miles south of C a r t e r s v i l l e Bartow County c . 1350

I m p o r t a n t a s an e x p r e s s i o n of t h e e a s t e r n e x p a n s i o n of M i s s i s s i p p i a n c u l t u r e , and of t h e forms M i s s i s s i p p i a n c u l t u r e took a s a r e s u l t of i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h o t h e r S o u t h e a s t e r n c u l t u r a l t r a d i t i o n s . C o n s i s t s of t h r e e l a r g e p l a t f o r m mounds, a v i l l a g e a r e a , and an e n c i r c l i n g d i t c h o r m o a t . J u l y 1 9 , 1964 .

FAIRCHILD HALL See STONE HALL

POX THEATRE 660 P e a c h t r e e S t r e e t A t l a n t a , F u l t o n County 1929; Mayre , A l g e r , and

V i n o u r

Known a s "The F a b u l o u s F o x , " d e s i q n e d i n a N e o - M i d e a s t e m E c l e c t i c s t y l e . One of t h e l a r g e s t movie p a l a c e s a t t h e t ime of i t s o p e n i n g i n 1929 . May 1 1 , 1976.

GEORGIA STATE CAPITOL See STATE CAPITOL

GOVERNOR'S MANSION 120 S . C l a r k S t r e e t M i l l e d g e v i l l e , Ba ldwin County 1840s

A P a l l a d i a n f a c a d e w i t h p r o s t y l e p o r t i c o and a p l a n w i t h round and o c t a g o n a l rooms d i s t i n g u i s h t h i s home of G e o r g i a g o v e r n o r s when M i l l e d g e v i l l e was S t a t e c a p i t a l from 1804 t o 1868 . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

GRADY (HENRY W.) HOUSE 634 P r i n c e Avenue A t h e n s , C l a r k e County c . 1845

GREEN-MELDRIM HOUSE B u l l and H a r v i s S t r e e t s Madison S q u a r e S a v a n n a h , Chatham County 1 8 5 0 - 5 4 ; J o h n S . N o r r i s

HARRIS (JOEL CHANDLER) HOUSE 1050 Gordon S t r e e t SW A t l a n t a , F u l t o n County P r e - 1 8 8 1

Home (1863-72) of a ma jo r p r o p o n e n t of n a t i o n a l r e c o n c i l i a t i o n d u r i n g t h e p o s t - C i v i l War e r a , who d e l i v e r e d h i s famous "New S o u t h " s p e e c h i n 1886 i n New York C i t y . May 1 1 , 1976 .

A s p l e n d i d d i s p l a y o f t h e g r a n d e u r of m i d -19 th c e n t u r y Savannah h i g h s o c i e t y . G o t h i c R e v i v a l i n s t y l e , i t s r o c o c o m i r r o r s , m a r b l e m a n t e l s , i n t r i c a t e l y c a r v e d m o l d i n g s , and l u x u r i e s s u c h a s g a s l i g h t e d domes show t h e l a v i s h c o n s t r u c t i o n . May 1 1 , 1976 .

H a r r i s , a u t h o r of t h e "Uncle Remus" t a l e s , l i v e d h e r e from 1881 u n t i l h i s d e a t h i n 1908 . The house c o n t a i n s many o r i g i n a l f u r n i s h i n g s . December 1 9 , 1962 .

58

Georgia

HAY HOUSE 934 G e o r g i a Avenue Macon, Bibb County 1 8 5 5 - 6 0 ; James B. A y r e s

HILL (BENJAMIN HARVEY) HOUSE

An I t a l i a n R e n a i s s a n c e v i l l a t h a t o f f e r s a s t r i k i n g c o n t r a s t t o G e o r g i a ' s N e o c l a s s i c a l a n t e - b e l l u m m a n s i o n s . Among i n t e r i o r f e a t u r e s a r e c u r v e d m a r b l e s t a i r s and a 5 0 - f o o t b a l l room. November 7 , 1973 .

See BELLEVUE

HISTORIC AUGUSTA CANAL AND INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT

West bank of t h e Savannah R i v e r A u g u s t a , Richmond County 1 8 4 5 - 8 0 s

JEKYLL ISLAND R i v e r v i e w D r i v e and Old V i l l a g e

B o u l e v a r d J e k y l l I s l a n d , Glynn County 1880s-1930

KING (MARTIN LUTHER, J R . ) HISTORIC DISTRICT

A t l a n t a , F u l t o n County

KOLOMOKI MOUNDS 8 m i l e s n o r t h of B l a k e l y E a r l y Coun ty c . 1400-1600

LAPH7AM-PATTERSON HOUSE 626 N. Dawson Street Thomasville, Thomas County 1880s

LIBERTY HALL Crawfordville, Taliaferro County 1858-59 (ell), c. 1875 (main house)

LOW (JULIETTE GORTXJN) BIRTHPLACE 10 Oglethorpe Avenue Savannah, Chatham County 1818-21; William Jay

Intact canal system and mills representative of industrial aspects of the New South. The best surviving example of an engineering system singularly important to the southeastern United States. December 22, 1977.

This millionaires' village, established in the 1880s, provided a setting for the latest in fashionable architecture. The complex is administered by the Georgia State Parks Authority. June 2, 1978.

Includes the environs in which Martin Luther King, Jr., grew up. His birth home, grave, and the church in which he served as assistant pastor are within the district. May 5, 1977. (Established as a unit of the National Park System in 1980.)

Excavations have revealed details of burial practices at this type site for the Kolomoki culture. Contains one of the largest mound groups on the southeastern coastal plain. Now a State park. July 19, 1964.

Built as a resort home for a Chicago businessman, this 3-story Victorian mansion represents the eclectic, picturesque, and romantic resort cottage of the High Victorian 1880s. Its design and detailing are both exuberant and individualistic. November 7, 1973.

Alexander Stephens, the Vice-President of the Confederate States of America, who also enjoyed a remarkable political career before and after the Civil War, lived at his Liberty Hall estate from 1834 until his death in 1883. May 4, 1983

Low established the Girl Scout movement in the U.S., holding the first meeting in her carriage house. She became the first president of the Girl Scouts after their incorporation in 1915. June 23, 1965.

59

Georgia

MEADOW GARDEN See WALTON (GEORGE) HOUSE

NEW ECHGTA Gordon, Calhoun County 1825

OCTAGON HOUSE 527 1 s t Avenue Columbus , Muscogee County 1 8 2 9 - 3 0 , 1863

CWENS-THOMAS HOUSE 124 A b e r c o r n S t r e e t S a v a n n a h , Chatham County 1 8 1 6 - 1 9 ; W i l l i a m J a y

F i r s t n a t i o n a l c a p i t a l of t h e C h e r o k e e s , e s t a b l i s h e d i n 1825 . I n c l u d e s t h e f i r s t Cherokee newspaper s h o p . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

Among t h e few f u l l y r e a l i z e d d o u b l e o c t a g o n h o u s e s i n t h e U . S . E x e m p l i f i e s a fad t h a t c l imaxed f o l l o w i n g p u b l i c a t i o n of S q u i r e F o w l e r ' s A Home f o r A l l on o c t a g o n d e s i g n . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

E n g l i s h Regency s t y l e r e s i d e n c e w i t h u n i q u e f e a t u r e s s u c h a s i n d i r e c t l i g h t i n g , c u r v e d w a l l s and d o o r s , and an e l e g a n t c e n t r a l s t a i r w a y . May 1 1 , 1976 .

PRESIDENT'S HOME, AUGUSTA COLLEGE

RIDGE (MAJOR) HOUSE

ROSS (JOHN) HOUSE Lake Avenue and S p r i n g S t r e e t s R o s s v i l l e , Dade County

See CXJMMANDANT'S HOUSE

See CHIEFTAINS

T w o - s t o r y s q u a r e - t i m b e r e d l o g h o u s e , home of t h e C h e r o k e e s ' most p r o m i n e n t l e a d e r , a h e r o of t h e 1812 Creek War and s e n i o r Cherokee l e a d e r d u r i n g t h e C i v i l War. November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

ST . CATHERINE'S ISLAND 10 m i l e s o f f t h e G e o r g i a c o a s t S . Newport v i c i n i t y L i b e r t y County 1 6 t h - 2 0 t h c e n t u r i e s

I m p o r t a n t S p a n i s h m i s s i o n c e n t e r ( 1 5 6 6 -1 6 8 4 ) . B u t t o n G w i n n e t t , d e l e g a t e t o t h e C o n t i n e n t a l C o n g r e s s and s i g n e r of t h e D e c l a r a t i o n of I n d e p e n d e n c e , p u r c h a s e d t h e i s l a n d i n 1765 and l i v e d h e r e . December 16 , 1969 .

SAVANNAH HISTORIC DISTRICT S a v a n n a h , Chatham County 1732

The d i s t r i c t r e t a i n s much of J ames O g l e t h o r p e ' s o r i g i n a l c i t y p l a n of o p e n -s p a c e s q u a r e s s u r r o u n d e d by t h e r h y t h m i c p l a c e m e n t of s t r e e t s and b u i l d i n g s . T h i s p l a n was f o l l o w e d w e l l i n t o t h e 19 th c e n t u r y and t h e d i s t r i c t i n c l u d e s many b u i l d i n g s of a r c h i t e c t u r a l m e r i t from t h a t c e n t u r y . November 1 3 , 1966 .

SCVVRBROUGH (WILLIAM) HOUSE 41 W. Broad S t r e e t S a v a n n a h , Chatham County 1 8 1 8 - 1 9 , W i l l i a m J a y ;

c . 1835-45

One of t h e g r e a t n e o - c l a s s i c a l townhouse d e s i g n s i n t h e U . S . R e c e p t i o n h a l l and mezzan ine a r e a g r a n d s p a t i a l c o m p o s i t i o n . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

60

Georgia

SPRINGER OPERA HOUSE 105 10th Street Columbus, Muscogee County 1871; Daniel Matthew Foley

STALLINGS ISLAND 8 miles northwest of Augusta

in the Savannah River Columbia County Before 2000 EC

STATE CAPITOL Capitol Square Atlanta, Fulton County 1889; Edbrooke and Burnham

STONE HALL (FAIRCHILD HALL), ATLANTA UNIVERSITY

Morris-Brown College Atlanta, Fulton County 1882

This opera house hosted celebrated entertainers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was converted to a movie house after the 1930s Depression years. Has since been beautifully restored. June 2, 1978.

One of the most important shell mound sites in the Southeast, giving information on Archaic Indians who lived in the Savannah River drainage area. January 20, 1961.

This monumental domed and columned structure prefigures the American Renaissance style. Its neoclassicism reflects Georgians' hopes for national unity after the Civil War, and it embodies the spirit of the New South. November 7, 1973.

Stone Hall is closely associated with the history of the university, founded in 1866 by the American Missionary Association to provide education for freed Blacks. December 2, 1974.

SWEET AUBURN HISTORIC DISTRICT Atlanta, Fulton County Early 20th century

TELFAIR ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

121 Barnard Street Savannah, Chatham County 1818-20, William Jay; 1880s (addition), Carl N. Brandt

7XXJMBS (ROBERT) HOUSE E. Robert Toombs Avenue Washington, Wilkes County 1797, c . 1835, c . 1840,

c . 1870

TRAVELER'S REST 6 miles e a s t of Toccoa Stephens County 1764

The center of Black economic, social, and cultural activities in Atlanta from the 1890s to the 1930s. The Sweet Auburn District reflects an important element in the life of the Afro-American community in a segregated South. December 8, 1976.

Among the oldest museums in the Southeast, opened as a free art museum in 1886. Includes an 1818 townhouse with later additions and renovations, retaining masterful classical elements. Houses an important collection of paintings, including colonial and Federal portraits. May 11, 1976.

Toombs served in the U.S. Congress and became Secretary of State of the Confederacy and a general in the Confederate Army. House enlarged by original owners and by Toombs. Itovember 7, 1973.

Erected by Major Jesse Walton, soldier in the Revolution and conflicts with Native Americans. Example of an early tavern and inn in a rural frontier environment. January 29, 1964.

61

Georgia

TJJPPER-BARNETT HOUSE 101 W. Robert Toombs Avenue Washington, Wilkes County c . 1832-60

Among the f i ne s t examples of n ineteenth century conversions of Federal-per iod homes in to Neoclassical mansions by addi t ion of colonnades Symbolic of the wealth brought to the South by the cot ton t r a d e , t h i s house has a f ine ly de t a i l ed Doric p e r i s t y l e colonnade s k i l l f u l l y joined t o an e x i s t i n g s t r u c t u r e . November 7, 1973.

WALTON (GEORGE) HOUSE (Meadow Garden)

1230 Nelson S t r e e t Augusta, Richmond County P r i o r t o 1800

The home of George Walton from 1791 to 1804. Appointed to the Continental Congress in 1776, a t 26 he became the youngest s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence. After the war he served as Georqia ' s Governor and as a U.S. Senator . Now owned by the Daughters of the American Revolution. December 21 , 1981.

WALTCN-HARPER HOUSE See COLLEGE HILL

WARM SPRINGS HISTORIC DISTRICT Warm Springs v i c i n i t y Meriwether County 1924-45

WATSON (THOMAS E.) HOUSE 310 Lumpkin S t r e e t Thompson, McDuffie County c . 1864

The d i s t r i c t includes two vacat ion homes (1928-32 and 1932-45) of Franklin D. Roosevelt , who found r e l i e f from po l io in the mineral spr ings of t h i s small r e s o r t town, and the Warm Springs Hosp i t a l , founded by Roosevelt t o a id fellow vic t ims of the d i s e a s e . Roosevel t ' s e f f o r t s led to the "March of Dimes." He died a t h i s " L i t t l e White House" in Warm Springs (April 12, 1945). January 16, 1980.

Watson was a p r inc ipa l founder of the Popul is t Par ty and f i r s t to urge a united front between White and Black farmers. His embitterment, a f t e r defeat a t the p o l l s in 1892 and 1896, led t o an extreme revers a l of h i s r a c i a l a t t i t u d e s and gave him a considerable following among Southern ru r a l Whites. May 11, 1976.

WRENS NEST See HARRIS (JOEL CHANDLER) HOUSE

62

HAWAII (28)

CINCPAC HEADOUARTERS (Headquarters, Commander in

Chief, Pac i f ic F lee t ) Pear l Harbor Naval Base Honolulu County 1942-45

Commemorates Admiral Chester W. Nimi tz ' s ro le as the Commander in Chief of the Paci f ic F lee t during World War I I . He was commander from 1942 until_mid-Decembar 1945, commanding a l l American land, s ea , and a i r forces in the Central and North Pac i f ic a r e a s . Admiral Nimitz played a major ro le campaigns such as the Ba t t l e of the Midway, the l i b e r a t i o n of Guam and the se izure of Saipan and Tinian in the Marianas. May 28, 1987.

COOK LANDING SITE 2 miles southwest of Hawaii 50 Waimea, Kauai County 1778

Captain James Cook, the British explorer, was the first European to land on the Islands. He first arrived on Kauai. December 29, 1962.

HICKAM FIELD (Hickam Air Force Base)

Vicinity of Honolulu Honolulu County 1935

HOKUKANO-UALAPUE COMPLEX Along Hawaii 45 Ualapue v i c i n i t y Molokai, Maui County Dates unknown

Hawaii 's l a rges t and most important army a i r f i e l d when World War I I broke ou t , and in 1941 the only f i e l d in Hawaii large enough for B-17 bomber landings . In the a t t ack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese bombing here and a t o ther Oahu f i e l d s destroyed planes and gave Japanese forces the a i r s u p e r i o r i t y to proceed t o a t tack Pear l Harbor warships. September 16, 1985.

Complex includes s ix temples (nelaus) and two f ishponds, forming an important archeo-log ica l e x h i b i t of Hawaiian c u l t u r e . December 29, 1962.

HONOKOHAU SETTIJ3MENT Honokohau Bay, j u s t north of

Kailua-Kona Hawaii County Prehis tor ic -1920

S i te includes ancient house s i t e s , temples, f ishponds, a toboggan s l i d e , tombs, and sca t t e red pe t roglyphs . Now within Kaloko-Honokohau National H i s to r i ca l Park. December 29, 1962.

HUILUA FISHPOND On Kahana Bay, 13 mi les nor th of

Kaneohe on Hawaii 83 Honolulu County Dates unknown

One of the l a s t surviving ponds on the Island b u i l t by the Native Hawaiians speci f i c a l l y the Menehunes) for hatching and keeping f i s h . December 29, 1962.

IOLANI PALACE 364 S. King S t r e e t Honolulu, Honolulu County 1879-82

Residence of the l a s t two r u l e r s of the Hawaiian Kingdom and scene of the t r ans f e r of sovereignty t o the United S t a t e s in 1898. December 29, 1962.

63

Hawai i

KALAUPAPA LEPROSY SETTLEMENT Moloka i I s l a n d , Kalawao County 1866

L o c a t i o n of H a w a i i ' s we l l -known l e p r o s a r i u m where t h e B e l g i a n p r i e s t F a t h e r J o s e p h Damien m i n i s t e r e d t o t h e l e p e r s and g a i n e d wor ldwide fame. J a n u a r y 7 , 1976 . (Became a N a t i o n a l H i s t o r i c a l Pa rk i n 1980 . )

KAMAKAHONU

N o r t h w e s t edge of K a i l u a Bay K a i l u a - K o n a , Hawaii County 1812

R e s i d e n t i a l compound of King Kamehameha I . December 2 9 , 1962.

KANEOHE NAVAL AIR STATION V i c i n i t y of K a i l u a Hono lu lu County 1 9 4 1 ; U . S . Navy

KAUNOLU VILLAGE SITE L a n a i c i t y v i c i n i t y L a n a i I s l a n d , Maui County Date unknown

KAWAIAHAO CHURCH AND MISSION HOUSES

957 Punchbowl S t r e e t 553 S. King S t r e e t H o n o l u l u , Hono lu lu County 1 8 3 9 - 4 2 ; Hiram Bingham

KEAUHOU HOLUA SLIDE E a s t of Hawai i 18 Keauhou, Hawai i County D a t e s unknown

Bombed by t h e J a p a n e s e s e v e n m i n u t e s e a r l i e r t h a n P e a r l Harbor on t h e morn ing of December 7 , 1 9 4 1 . A p p r o x i m a t e l y one hou r l a t e r t h e b a s e came u n d e r a s e c o n d a t t a c k and s u f f e r e d g r e a t l o s s e s from b o t h a t t a c k s t h a t d a y . The J a p a n e s e g o a l was t o d e s t r o y t h e American p l a n e s b e f o r e t h e y c o u l d t a k e t o t h e a i r and i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e bombing of P e a r l H a r b o r . Hangar No. 1, t h e " p a r k i n g " a r e a , and t h e s e a p l a n e ramps r e m a i n . May 2 8 , 1 9 8 7 .

W e l l - p r e s e r v e d r u i n s of a o n c e - v i g o r o u s f i s h i n g communi ty , d e s e r t e d i n 1880. N e a r l y a l l p h a s e s of Hawai ian c u l t u r e a r e r e p r e s e n t e d h e r e . December 2 9 , 1962.

I l l u s t r a t e s t h e work of t h e P r o t e s t a n t m i s s i o n a r i e s i n H a w a i i . Church i s of t y p i c a l New E n g l a n d - s t y l e N e o c l a s s i c a l d e s i g n . December 2 9 , 1962.

L a r g e s t and b e s t - p r e s e r v e d h o l u a ( t o b o g g a n ) s l i d e , u s e d i n an e x t r e m e l y d a n g e r o u s p a s t i m e r e s t r i c t e d t o c h i e f s . S e r v e d a s t h e "Olympic Games" h o l u a . December 2 9 , 1962 .

LAHAINA HISTORIC DISTRICT L a h a i n a , I s l a n d of Maui Maui County M i d - 1 9 t h c e n t u r y

LOALOA HEIAU Near Kaupo, I s l a n d of Maui Maui County 16 th c e n t u r y

Former c a p i t a l of Maui , c e n t e r of m i s s i o n a r y a c t i v i t i e s . P r e s e r v e s t h e a t m o s p h e r e of a m i d - 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y Hawai ian s e a p o r t . December 2 9 , 1962.

A l a r g e p l a t f o r m h e i a u ( t e m p l e ) s i t e , once t h e c e n t e r of a c u l t u r e complex . December 2 9 , 1962.

64

Hawa11

MAUNA KEA ADZ QUARRY 25 miles northwest of Hilo Hawaii County Prehistoric

Largest primitive quarry in the world, used by prehistoric Hawaiians to obtain basalt for stone implements. December 29, 1962.

MCOKINI HEIAU Northern tip of Hawaii Hawi vicinity, Hawaii County 1000

S a c r i f i c i a l temple with an open stone-paved cou r t . Measures 250 by 130 feet and i s enclosed by 20-foot w a l l s . December 29, 1962.

OLD SUGAR MILL OF KOLOA Koloa, Kauai County 1841-42

PALM CIRCLE Palm Ci rc le Drive Fort Sha t t e r Honolulu, Honolulu County 1941-45; U.S. Array

PEARL HARBOR, U.S. NAVAL BASE

PIILANIHALE HEIAU 4 miles north of Hana, near Kalahu Point

Island of Maui, Maui County 16th century

PUDKCHOLA HEIAU 0.9 mile southeast of Kawaihae South Kohala District Island of Hawaii c. 1550, 1790-91

PUU O MAHUKA HEIAU 4 mi les nor theas t of Haleiwa on

Hawaii 83, Honolulu County Dates unknown

Part of the f i r s t commercially successful suqar p l a n t a t i o n in the I s l ands , s t a r t e d by a group of New Englanders in 1835. December 29, 1962.

This a rea , dubbed the "Pineapple Pentagon," housed the o f f i ces and headquarters of the commanding general and h i s s t a f f , U.S. Army Forces, Pac i f ic Ocean Areas, during World War I I . By 1944 t h i s command was responsible for the supply and administ r a t i o n of a l l U.S. Army personnel in the Central and South Pac i f i c , and from 1943 to 1945, ca r r i ed cut l o g i s t i c a l planning for the invasion of the G i l b e r t s , Marshal ls , Marianas, Guam, Palau, and Okinawa. May 28, 1987.

See U.S. NAVAL BASE, PEARL HARBOR

Largest temple in the Hawaiian I s l ands . I s an e x c e l l e n t example of a combination platform and cour t - type heiau. Believed to have been b u i l t by R i i l a n i , a Maui ru l ing ch ie f . January 29, 1964.

Impressive temple, perhaps the most famous heiau on the i s l a n d s . Present s t r u c t u r e was b u i l t or r e b u i l t by Kamehameha the Great and i s c lose ly connected with h i s r i s e t o power as r u l e r of a l l the i s l a n d s . December 29, 1962. (Puukohola Heiau National H i s to r i c S i te i s now within the National Park System.)

Oahu's g r e a t e s t p r i e s t s came from t h i s d i s t r i c t . The platform-type temple with i t s low-walled court i s the l a rge s t on Oahu I s l and . December 29, 1962.

65

Hawaii

RUSSIAN FORT On Hawaii 50, just southwest of

bridge over Waimea River Kauai County 1816-17

Ruins of the fort commemorate the period of international rivalry for influence in the Islands. Russian and Aleutian settlers were expelled in 1817. December 29, 1962.

SOUTH POINT COMPLEX South Cape, Naalehu vicinity Hawaii County 124 AD-present

SUGAR MILL OF KOLOA (OLD)

These sites provide the longest and most complete archeological record of human occupation on the islands. December 29, 1962.

See OLD SUGAR MILL OF KOLOA

U.S. NAVAL BASE, PEARL HARBOR 3 miles south of Pearl City on Hawaii 73,

Honolulu County 1911

USS BOWFIN 11 Arizona Memorial Drive Honolulu, Honolulu County 1942

WAILUA COMPLEX OF HEIAUS Wailua vicinity Kauai County Prehistoric

WHEELER FIELD Vicinity of Schofield Barracks Honolulu County December 7, 1941

The Base has been important to American naval power in the Pacific since its activation. The attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan in 1941 precipitated the United States' entry into World War II. January 29, 1964.

Only World War II submarine now at Pearl Harbor. Represents the role of Pearl Harbor in the submarine war against Japan. On the Bowfin the Rear Admiral Ralph W. Christie, Commander of the U.S. Submarine Force, Southwest Pacific, became the only U.S. Navy Flag officer to be aboard a submarine during war patrols. Sank 16 Japanese vessels and received 8 battle stars, the Presidential Unit Citation, and the Navy Unit Commendation for her service in World War II. January 14, 1986.

Consists of a city of refuge, temples, royal birthstones, and a sacrificial rock. An important archeological complex covering a long period in Hawaii's prehistory. December 29, 1962.

Bombing and strafing this site were important objectives of the Japanese force that attacked the Oahu on December 7, 1941. The Japanese attack destroyed 83 aircraft, and rendered this facility practically helpless. The 1941 flight line, hangars, and barracks building survive at what is today a U.S. Air Force facility. May 28, 1987.

66

ICftHO (8)

ASSAY OFFICE 210 Main S t r e e t Boise, Ada County 1870-71; Alfred B. Mullet t

CATALDO MISSION Off U.S. 10 Cataldo, Kootenai County 1848-53

I l l u s t r a t e s the importance of mining in the development of the Pac i f ic Northwest. One of the most s i gn i f i c an t publ ic bu i ld ings remaining from Idaho 's t e r r i t o r i a l days. May 30, 1961.

Oldest ex tan t mission church in the Paci f ic Northwest. Used by J e s u i t miss i o n a r i e s (1846-77) in t h e i r e f f o r t s t o convert the Coeur d'Alene Indians . Ju ly 4, 1961.

CITY OF ROCKS Almo vicinity, Cassia County 1842-75

EXPERIMENTAL BREEDER REACTOR NO. 1

Arco v i c i n i t y , Butte County 1950

Named for i t s rock formations, City of Rocks i s one of the na tura l landmarks on the Ca l i fo rn ia T r a i l . Thousands of emigrants camped he re , leaving s t i l l -v i s i b l e wagon ru t t r a c k s . Now a S ta te park. Ju ly 19, 1964.

This r eac to r produced the f i r s t useable amounts of e l e c t r i c i t y crea ted by nuclear means and achieved a s e l f - s u s t a i n i n g chain r eac t i on . December 21 , 1965.

FORT HALL 11 miles west of town of Fort Hall

Bannock County 1834

LEMHI PASS 12 miles east of Tendoy off Idaho 28

Lemhi County 1805

Built at the junction of the Oregon and California Trails, the fort was important to fur traders, overland migrants, and miners. The remains of the fort are within the Fort Hall Indian Reservation. January 20, 1961.

The Pass (at 8000 feet) was the point where the Lewis and Clark Expedition first crossed the Continental Divide. October 9, 1960.

LOLO TRAIL From near Lolo, Montana, to Weippe Prairie, Idaho

Clearwater and Idaho counties, Idaho and Missoula County, Montana

1805-06

WEIPPE PRAIRIE South of Weippe Clearwater County 1805

The Lolo Trail is the 160 miles of the Nez Perce Buffalo Trail followed by Lewis and Clark in their 1805 and 1806 crossings of the Bitterroot Mountains. (Located in Lolo National Forest and Clearwater National Forest.) October 9, 1960. (Also in Montana).

Site of the first encounter between members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition and Nez Perce Indians. Long a favored source of camas root for the Nez Perce. May 23, 1966.

67

ILLINOIS (62)

ABBOTT (ROBERT S.) HOUSE 4742 Martin Luther King, Jr., Drive Chicago, Cook County

ADLER PLANETARIUM 1300 S. Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Cook County 1929-30; Ernest Grunsfeld, Jr.

AUDITORIUM BUILDING 430 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago, Cook County 1889; Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan

BISHOP HILL COLONY Bishop Hill, Henry County 1846-70

CAHOKIA MOUNDS 7850 Collinsville Road Collinsville vicinity St. Clair County 600-1400

CARSON, PIRIE, SCOTT, AND COMPANY STORE

State and Madison Streets Chicago, Cook County 1899, Louis Sullivan; 1904-06, Daniel Burnham

CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING 141 W. Jackson Boulevard Chicago, Cook County 1928-30; Holabird and Root

An original and practical design for a dry goods palace. Sullivan's style of organic ornament is fully developed in this building, which is remarkable for the integration of its horizontal composition and its details. May 15, 1975.

Site and building that encompass the institution most responsible for bringing order to the grain markets of the 19th century. June 2, 1978.

CHICAGO UNION STOCKYARDS, OLD STONE GATE

See OLD STONE GATE...

68

Home of the founder of the Chicago Defender, a leading black newspaper. Abbott has been called the founder of the modern Black press. December 8, 1976

The first institution of its type in the Western Hemisphere. Given to the people of Chicago by Max Adler, who also donated an extensive collection of antique scientific instruments for display. It played a role in the second great Chicago exposition, "A Century of Progress" (1933-34). February 27, 1987.

Among the most important buildings in the history of modern architecture. It reveals Sullivan's developing ability to solve the aesthetic and functional design problems of tall buildings, and the capacity of Adler to overcame engineering obstacles. May 15, 1975.

Founded in 1846 by a group of Swedish religious dissenters. Its archives, artifacts and structures today are important documents for the study of immigration, ethnic heritage, and nineteenth-century communitarian societies. April 27, 1984.

Largest prehistoric Indian site in the United States and the fountainhead of Mississippian culture. Now a State park. July 19, 1964. (Placed on the World Heritage List in 1982.)

Illinois

CHURCH OF THE HOLY FAMILY Off Illinois 3 Cahokia, St. Clair County 1786-99

CLOVER LAWN

COMISKEY PARK 324 W. 35th Street Chicago, Cook County 1910, 1926 (altered); Zachary T. Davis

CCMPTON (ARTHUR H.) HOUSE 5637 Woodlawn Avenue Chicago, Cook County 1916

COONLEY (AVERY) HOUSE 300 Scottswood Road and

281 Blootiingbank Road Riverside, Cook County 1907-09; Frank Lloyd Wright

DANA (SUSAN LAWRENCE) HOUSE 301 Lawrence Avenue Springfield, Sangamon County 1902-06; Frank Lloyd Wright

DAVTS (DAVID) HOUSE 1000 E. Monroe Street Bloomington, McLean County 1872; Alfred H. Piguenard

DAWES (CHARLES G.) HOUSE 225 Greenwood Street Evanston, Cook County 1894

Catholic priests founded a mission here in 1699. Present structure, typical of French Colonial upright log construction, served as a parish church until 1891. April 15, 1970.

See DAVIS (DAVID) HOUSE

The oldest baseball park in use in the major leagues and the home of the Chicago White Sox since its construction. Associated with some of the greatest individuals and moments in the sport including the first All-Star Game, played here on July 6, 1933. DETERMINED ELIGIBLE: February 27, 1987.

Residence of the distinguished physicist who, while at the University of Chicago, discovered the "Compton Effect," for which he received the 1927 Nobel Prize in physics. May 11, 1976.

A U-shaped, 2-story residence in which Wright included such innovations as flowing interior spaces, a raised basement, and low-pitched overhanging roofs. December 30, 1970.

One of the masterpieces of Wright's early period; it still retains much of its original furniture and stained glass. January 7, 1976.

2-story Italian Villa-style brick mansion built for Associate Justice of the Supreme Court David Davis. He wrote the majority opinion in Ex parte Milligan (1866), restricting the right of military courts to try civilians. May 15, 1975.

Residence (1909-51) of the 1925 winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for the Dawes Plan—a schedule of World War I reparations to be paid by Germany. First Director of the Bureau of the Budget, he put the bureau on a sound basis. He also served as Vice President (1925-29). December 8, 1976.

DEERE (JOHN) HOME AND SHOP Near Grand Detour, Ogle County 1836

Deere invented and manufactured a steel plow that made possible intensive cultivation of vast areas of rich land in Illinois, Ohio, and Indiana. July 19, 1964.

69

Illinois

DEPRIEST (OSCAR STANTON) HOUSE 4536-4538 Martin Luther King, Jr.,

Drive Chicago, Cook County 1920s

Residence of DePriest, a Republican who was the first Black American elected to the House of Representatives from a northern State (1928). May 15, 1975.

DU SABLE (JEAN BAPTISTE POINT) HOMESITE

401 N. Michigan Avenue Chicago, Cook County 1779

Site of the home of the Black fur trader and pioneer whose establishment of a trading post at this location marked the beginning of the city of Chicago. May 11, 1976.

EADS BRIDGE

FORT DE CTiAFoTRES Terminus of I l l i n o i s Rt. 155 West of P r a i r i e du Rocher Randolph County 1753-58

See en t ry under Missouri l i s t i n g s .

Destroyed by the B r i t i s h in 1772, the fo r t was the cen te r of French c i v i l and m i l i t a r y government in the I l l i n o i s area in the 18th century . Now a S ta te park. October 9, 1960.

FORT SHERIDAN HISTORIC DISTRICT 25 miles nor th of Chicago along

the shore of Lake Michigan Lake County 1889-1908; Holabird 6. Roche

GLESSNER (JOHN J . ) HOUSE 1800 P r a i r i e Avenue Chicago, Cook County 1885-87; H. H. Richardson

GRANT (ULYSSES S.) HOME 511 B o u t h i l l i e r S t r e e t Galena, Jo Daviess County 1860; William Dannison

A 230-acre h i s t o r i c core area wi th in modern Fort Sheridan. Landscaped by O. C. Simonds, the d i s t r i c t conta ins 66 bui ld ings designed by the firm of Holabird and Roche and 26 bui ld ings const ructed from standardized p lans of the Quartermaster General . Fort Sher idan ' s importance l i e s in i t s unusual a s soc i a t i ons with notable a r c h i t e c t u r a l firms and the i n t e g r i t y and number of the surviving bu i l d ings . April 20, 1984.

Designed by Richardson l a t e in h i s ca r ee r , t h i s house represen t s the height of h i s Prjmanesgue s t y l e . Commissioned by John Glessner , p res iden t of I n t e r n a t i o n a l Harvester . January 7, 1976.

Galena 's r e s iden t s presented t h i s house t o the v i c t o r i o u s Union commander in 1865. Grant l ived here u n t i l he became Secretary of War in 1867. December 19, 1960.

GRANT PARK STADIUM (Soldier Field)

425 E. 14th S t r ee t Chicago, Cook County 1923-24, 1939; Holabird & Roche

Dedicated as a memorial to World War I s o l d i e r s , and intended t o embody c i v i c p r i d e , i t i s an imposing presence on the Chicago l ake f ron t . Was designed t o be adaptable for a v a r i e t y of publ ic ga the r ings as one of the f i r s t multi-purpose s tadiums. When i t opened in 1924, i t was among the l a r g e s t stadiums in the world. I t has been the home of the Chicago Bears since 1971. February 27, 1987.

70

Illinois

HULL HOUSE 800 S. Halsted Street Chicago, Cook County 1856

ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL LOCKS AND TOWPATH

7 miles southwest of Joliet Will County 1848

ILLINOIS STATE CAPITOL, OLD

KASKASKIA VILLAGE, OLD

KENNICOTT GROVE Glenview, Cook County 1856

KINCAID SITE Southeast of Brookport

on the Ohio River Massac and Pope Counties c. 1200-1300

Jane Addams moved in to Hull House in 1889, working here to provide a wide v a r i e t y of soc ia l se rv ices t o Chicago's poor. Her set t lement-house program gained in t e rna t i o n a l recogni t ion . June 23, 1965.

Linking Chicago to the Miss iss ippi River, the canal completed a continuous waterway to New York City and made Chicaqo a leading gra in market and meat-packing cen te r . In Channahon S ta te Park. January 29, 1964. (Now a l so recognized through establ ishment of the I l l i n o i s and Michigan Canal National Heritage Corr idor . )

See OLD STATE CAPITOL

See OLD KASKASKIA VILLAGE

Home of Robert Kennicott , 19th-century n a t u r a l i s t , exp lo re r , and founder of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, whose career i l l u s t r a t e s the development of s c i e n t i f i c research in the Midwest. January 7, 1976.

One of the major temple mound s i t e s in southern I l l i n o i s . Probably used as a trade s t a t i o n along the Ohio River . Ju ly 19, 1964.

KNOX COLLEGE, OLD MAIN

LEITER I I BUILDING S. S ta te and E. Congress S t r e e t s Chicago, Cook County 1889-91; William Le Baron Jenny

LILLIE (FRANK R.) HOUSE 5801 Kenwood Avenue Chicago, Cook County 1904

LINCOLN (ABRAHAM) HOME 8th and Jackson S t r e e t s Spr ingf ie ld , Sangamon County 1839, 1844-61

See OLD MAIN...

Now used by Sears, Roebuck, and Company, this proto-skyscraper is the masterpiece of its architect. Outstanding for the integration of structural and aesthetic design elements in its skeleton construction. January 7, 1976.

The home for 43 years of the distinguished University of Chicago embryologist, who served as director of Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory and president of the National Academy of Sciences. May 11, 1976.

Lincoln lived here for most of the period from 1844 until 1861, an important era in his advancement from small-town lawyer to President of the United States. December 19, 1960. (Now the Lincoln Home National Historic Site.)

71

Illinois

LINCOLN TOMB Oak Ridge Cemetery Springfield, Sangamon County 1874

LINDSAY (VACHEL) HOUSE 603 S. 5th S t r e e t Spr ingf ie ld , Sangamon County 1848

LLOYD (HENRY DEMAREST) HOME

MARQUETTE BUILDING 140 S. Dearborn S t r e e t Chicago, Cook County 1893-94; Holabird and Roche

MARSHALL FIELD COMPANY STORE 111 N. S ta te S t r e e t Chicago, Cook County 1892; Daniel Burnham

MENARD (PIERRE) HOUSE E l l i s Grove v i c i n i t y Randolph County c . 1802

MILLIKAN (ROBERT A.) HOUSE 5605 Woodlawn Avenue Chicago, Cook County 1907

MODOC ROCKSHELTER 2 m i l e s n o r t h o f Modoc Randolph County c . 8000 BC-1500 AD

MONTGOMERY WARD COMPANY COMPLEX 619 W. C h i c a g o Avenue C h i c a g o , Cook County 1 9 0 7 ; Hugh Garden

MORROW PLOTS, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

G r e g o r y D r i v e a t Mat thews Avenue U r b a n a , Champaign County 1876

Final r e s t i n g place of Abraham Lincoln, 16th Pres ident of the United S t a t e s , h i s wife, and three of t h e i r four sons . December 19, 1960.

Lindsay, a Midwestern poe t , l ived here most of h i s l i f e . The house conta ins many of h i s drawings, w r i t i n g s , and possess ions . November 11 , 1971.

See WAYSIDE, THE

The a r c h i t e c t s made t h e i r f i r s t dec i s ive statement on a new concept in bui ld ing— s t e e l framing. January 7, 1976.

A 12-s tory g r a n i t e bui lding designed t o house the r e t a i l firm of Marshall F ie ld , a pioneer of customer-service concepts . June 2 , 1978.

Menard was a t r a d e r and ac t ive in s t a t e p o l i t i c s . The stone basement of h i s French Colonial r a i sed cot tage was used t o s to re h i s t rade goods. Within Fort Kaskasia S t a t e Park. Apri l 15, 1970.

One of America's best-known 20th-century s c i e n t i s t s , Mil l ikan received the 1923 Nobel Prize in physics for h i s work in demonstrat ing the ex i s t ence of e l e c t r o n s . May 11 , 1976.

Contains s t r a t i f i e d depos i t s g iving evidenoe of four per iods of Archaic Indian occupation and one l a t e r period of p r e h i s t o r i c Indian l i f e . S i t e provided confirmation t h a t Archaic c u l t u r e s of the Eastern U.S. may have been comparable in age t o Western b i g -game hunting c u l t u r e s . January 20, 1961.

Headquarters , s ince 1909, of the coun t ry ' s o ldes t mai l -order f irm. June 2, 1978.

S i te of the f i r s t s o i l experiment p l o t s e s t ab l i shed by a col lege in the United S t a t e s . Has provided data on the e f f e c t s of crop r o t a t i o n and f e r t i l i z a t i o n . May 23, 1968.

72

Illinois

NAUVOO HISTORIC DISTRICT Nauvoo, Hancock County c. 1840

OLD KASKASKIA VILLAGE 4 miles west of Ottawa on US 6 La Salle County 17th century

OLD MAIN, KNOX COLLEGE Galesburg, Knox County 1856-57; Charles Ulricson

A Mormon settlement, under Joseph Smith, flourished here until 1845, when hostility of State authorities forced the community to move to Utah. A number of buildings from the Mormon period remain. January 20, 1961.

Best-documented historic Indian site in the Illinois River Valley. First recorded in 1673 by Joliet and Marquette. July 19, 1964.

Best-preserved of the sites of the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858). The debates brought Lincoln national prominence. July 4, 1961.

OLD STATE CAPITOL 5th, 6th, Adams, and Washington streets

Springfield, Sangamon County 1837; John F. Rague

OLD STONE GATE, CHICAGO UNION STOCKYARDS

Intersection of W. Exchange Ave. and South Peoria Street

Chicago, Cook County c. 1879

PULLMAN HISTORIC DISTRICT Between 103rd Street, railroad

tracks, 115th Street, and Cottage Grove Avenue

Chicago, Cook County 1880

RELIANCE BUILDING 32 N. State Street Chicago, Cook County 1890-95; Burnham and Root

RIVERSIDE HISTORIC DISTRICT Riverside, Cook County 1869; Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux

Lincoln was a member of the first legislature which sat here (1840-41). He made his noted "House Divided" speech here (1858), in accepting the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate. July 4, 1961.

From 1879 to 1971 the main entrance to the Chicago Union Stockyards, a triple-arched limestone structure. The Stockyards, founded in 1865 to consolidate the many scattered stockyards in Chicago into an efficient unit, symbolized Chicago's role as a major meatpacking center. May 29, 1981.

Pullman, an industrialist and inventor of the sleeping car, built a self-contained company town here. By 1890, 12,000 people occupied it, living in brick rowhouses. Many of the original dwellings remain. December 30, 1970.

A prime example of the forward-looking, structural, and functional aspects of "Chicago School" architecture. January 7, 1976.

Riverside was the first planned model community in the nation, arranged so that open spaces and parkland would be a part of urban living. August 29, 1970.

ROBIE (FREDERICK C.) HOUSE 5757 S. Woodlawn Avenue Chicago, Cook County 1907-09; Frank Lloyd Wright

The Robie House has won international acclaim for his achievement in modern architecture. Designed by Wright in his Prairie style, utilizing an open plan. November 27, 1963.

73

I l l ino is

ROOKERY BUILDING 209 S . L a S a l l e S t r e e t C h i c a g o , Cook County 1 8 8 6 - 8 8 ; D a n i e l Burnham and John

W. Root

ROOM 4 0 5 , GEORGE HERBERT JONES LABORATORY, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

S . E l l i s Avenue be tween E . 5 7 t h and 5 8 t h S t r e e t s

C h i c a g o , Cook County 1942

A p r ime example i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of m u l t i s t o r y c o m m e r c i a l s t r u c t u r e s . I t s u s e of s k e l e t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n and f i n e o r n a m e n t a l d e t a i l p l a c e i t i n t h e m a i n s t r e a m of " C h i cago S c h o o l " a r c h i t e c t u r e . May 1 5 , 1975 .

The a r t i f i c i a l e l e m e n t p l u t o n i u m was i s o l a t e d h e r e . May 2 8 , 1 9 6 7 .

SEARS, ROEBUCK, AND COMPANY CCMPLEX

925 S . Homan Avenue C h i c a g o , Cook County 1905

T h i s complex i s t h e o l d e s t known e x t a n t u n i t of t h e company t h a t d o m i n a t e d t h e m a i l - o r d e r b u s i n e s s by 1900 . The complex c o n t a i n s t h e p r i n t i n g p l a n t t h a t p r o d u c e d t h e S e a r s C a t a l o g f o r many y e a r s . J u n e 2 , 1978 .

SHEDD AQUARIUM 1200 S . Lake Shore Dr ive C h i c a g o , Cook County 1929 ; Graham, A n d e r s o n , P r o b s t ,

and Whi te

SITE OF FIRST SELF-SUSTAINING NUCLEAR REACTION

S . E l l i s Avenue be tween E. 5 6 t h and 5 7 t h S t r e e t s

C h i c a g o , Cook County 1942

Opened t o t h e p u b l i c i n 1930 . The f i r s t i n l a n d a q u a r i u m i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s t o m a i n t a i n a pe r manen t c o l l e c t i o n of b o t h f r e s h - w a t e r and s a l t - w a t e r f i s h e s and o t h e r a q u a t i c l i f e . Made p o s s i b l e by t h e d o n a t i o n s of J o h n G. Shedd , i t i s one of t h e p r ime r e m a i n i n g s t r u c t u r e s from t h e second g r e a t C h i c a g o e x p o s i t i o n , "A C e n t u r y of P r o g r e s s " ( 1 9 3 3 3 4 ) . F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1 9 8 7 .

Under t h e s u p e r v i s i o n of p h y s i c i s t E n r i c o F e r m i , t h e w o r l d ' s f i r s t n u c l e a r c h a i n r e a c t i o n was a c t i v a t e d h e r e . F e b r u a r y 1 8 , 1 9 6 5 .

SOLDIER FIELD See GRANT PARK STADIUM

SCUTH rEARBORN STREET-PRINTING HOUSE ROW NORTH HISTORIC DISTRICT

J a c k s o n B o u l e v a r d , P lymouth and F e d e r a l C o u r t s , Dea rborn and C o n g r e s s S t r e e t s

C h i c a g o , Cook County c . 1891-96

STARVED ROCK 6 miles from Ottawa on Illinois 71 LaSalle County 1683

The district includes the Manhattan (1891), the Fisher (1896), the Old Colony (1894), and the Monadnock (1880-91) buildings. As a group, they illustrate the work of the "Chicago School" of architecture. The Monadnock is a triumph of unified design called classic by critics. January 7, 1976.

First major center of French influence in the Illinois country. Fort St. Louis was abandoned in 1691 because of Indian hostility. Now a State park. October 9, 1960.

74

Illinois

STATE CAPITOL, OLD See OLD STATE CAPITOL

TAET (LORADO) MIDWAY STUDIOS 6016 S. Ingleside Avenue Chicago, Cook County-Early 20th century

TRUMBULL (LYMAN) HOUSE 1105 Henry Street Alton, Madison County c. 1849

UNITY TEMPLE 875 Lake Street Oak Park, Cook County 1906; Frank Lloyd Wright

Taft was a sculptor of realistic works of monumental scale, an art teacher, and an author. His studios are now owned by the University of Chicago. December 21, 1965.

An arch-opponent of the Radical Republicans, Trumbull sponsored much Reconstruction legislation, including the Confiscation Acts, Freedmen's Bureau Bill of 1866, and the Civil Rights Act of 1866. May 15, 1975.

The first monumentally expressed use of reinforced concrete as an artistic architectural medium. Also a prime and early example of modern church architecture. December 30, 1970.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, MORROW PIJCTS

See ^RROW PLOTS...

WAYSIDE, THE (Henry Demarest Lloyd Home)

830 Sheridan Road Winnetka, Cook County 1878

A c r i t i c of America's i n d u s t r i a l monopoly during the 1880s, Lloyd wrote for the Chicago Tribune and was the author of Wealth agains t Commonwealth (1894). November 13, 1966.

WELLS-BARNETT (IDA B.) HOUSE 3624 S. Martin Luther King, J r . ,

Drive Chicago, Cook County c . 1889-90

WILLARD (FRANCES) HOUSE 1730 Chicago Avenue Evanston, Cook County 1865

WILLIAMS (DANIEL HALE) HOUSE 445 E. 42nd S t r e e t Chicago, Cook County

WRIGHT (FRANK LLOYD) HOME AND STUDIO

428 Forest Avenue and 951 Chicago Avenue

Oak Park, Cook County 1889-98; Frank Lloyd Wright

An 1890s c i v i l r i g h t s advocate and crusader for the r i g h t s of Black women, Ida Wells-Barnet t c a r r i ed on her crusades in the pages of her newspaper, the Memphis Free Speech. May 30, 1974.

Willard made the temperance movement a na t ional fo rce . She became pres iden t of the Women's Chr i s t i an Temperance Union in 1879. Her house i s now the headquarters of t ha t o rgan iza t ion . June 23, 1965.

Home of one of America's f i r s t Black surgeons among whose accomplishments are one of the f i r s t successful heart operations (1893) and the establishment of quality medical fac i l i t i es for Blacks. May 15, 1975.

Built and rebuilt by Wright, this is the place where he lived and practiced in the "First Golden Age" of his long career. January 7, 1976.

75

Illinois

The oldest extant National League baseball park, it has been the home of the Chicago Cubs, the only charter National League team still playing in its original city, since 1916. Originally built for a team of the Federal League, a third, unsuccessful major league, it is also significant in the history of professional footbal as the longtime playing field for the Chicago Bears. DETERMINED ELIGIBLE: February 27, 1987.

76

WRIGLEY. FIELD Clark Street and Addison Road Chicago, Cook County 1914; Zachary T. Davis

INDIANA (18)

ANGEL MOUNDG 8 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of E v a n s v i l l e Vande rbu rgh County 1400-1600

BAILLY (JOSEPH) HOMESTEAD West of P o r t e r on U . S . 20 P o r t e r County 1822

Cover inq a 1 0 0 - a c r e a r e a , t h i s s i t e i s t h e n o r t h e a s t e r n - m o s t e x t e n s i o n of t h e M i s s i s s -i p p i a n c u l t u r e , which f l o u r i s h e d i n t h e p e r i o d AD 1000-1600 . The mounds now form a S t a t e p a r k . J a n u a r y 2 9 , 1964 .

T h i s l o g house and s t o r e h o u s e a r e t h e r e m a i n s of a t r a d i n g p o s t e s t a b l i s h e d by J o s e p h B a i l l y a s a s t o p p i n g - p l a c e and s o c i a l c e n t e r f o r I n d i a n and Whi te t r a v e l e r s . December 2 9 , 1962 . ( I n c l u d e d i n I n d i a n a Dunes N a t i o n a l L a k e s h o r e s i n c e 1966 . )

BROAD RIPPLE PARK ( C h i l d r e n ' s Museum) CAROUSEL

5 t h F l o o r , C h i l d r e n ' s Museum, M e r i d i a n S t r e e t a t 3 0 t h S t .

I n d i a n a p o l i s , Marion County P r e - 1 9 0 0 , 1917 ; D e n t z e l ( a n i m a l s ) ,

M a n g e l s - I l l i o n s (mechanism)

BUTLER FIELDHOUSE 4 9 t h S t . and B o u l e v a r d P l a c e B u t l e r U n i v e r s i t y Campus I n d i a n a p o l i s , Marion County 1 9 2 7 - 2 8 ; Fermor S p e n c e r Cannon

CHILDREN'S MUSEUM CAROUSEL

T h i s wooden c a r o u s e l i s one of t h e t h r e e e a r l i e s t s u r v i v i n g D e n t z e l m e n a g e r i e c a r o u s e l s of more t h a n 100 b u i l t by t h e company. The a n i m a l s p r o b a b l y p r e - d a t e 1900. I t was r e s t o r e d i n 1975-78 by t h e museum. F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 .

O l d e s t of t h e ma jo r c o l l e g e b a s k e t b a l l f i e l d h o u s e s and s t i l l t h e l a r g e s t a t a p r i v a t e i n s t i t u t i o n . I t s l a r g e s i z e h e l p e d t r a n s f o r m c o l l e g e b a s k e t b a l l i n t h e l a t e 1920s and 1 9 3 0 s . I t was l o n g a l s o t h e l o c a t i o n of t h e I n d i a n a S t a t e High Schoo l T o u r n a m e n t , one of t h e mos t a c t i v e and we l l -known s u c h t o u r n a n e n t s i n t h e c o u n t r y . F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 .

See BROAD RIPPLE PARK CAROUSEL

COFFIN (LEVI) HOUSE 115 N. Main S t r e e t F o u n t a i n C i t y , Wayne County 1827

DEBS (EUGENE V.) HOME 451 N. 8 t h S t r e e t T e r r e H a u t e , V i g o County 1890

C a l l e d t h e " p r e s i d e n t " of t h e Underground R a i l r o a d f o r runaway s l a v e s , C o f f i n moved t o I n d i a n a i n 1826 , began a b u s i n e s s , and opened h i s house a s a d e p o t f o r s l a v e s . He worked t o a s s i s t t h e f reedmen a f t e r e m a n c i p a t i o n i n 1863 . June 2 3 , 1965 .

Debs was t h e f o u n d e r of i n d u s t r i a l u n i o n i s m i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s and t h e S o c i a l i s t P a r t y ' s P r e s i d e n t i a l c a n d i d a t e i n 5 P r e s i d e n t i a l e l e c t i o n s (1900 -1920 , e x c e p t 1 9 1 6 ) . T h i s 2 - s t o r y frame b u i l d i n g was Debs ' heme u n t i l h i s d e a t h i n 1926. November 1 3 , 1966 .

77

Indiana

GROUSELAND (William Henry Harrison Home)

3 W. Scot t S t r e e t Vincennes, Knox County 1803-04

Harrison, Pres ident of the United S t a t e s for only a month in 1841, l ived here when he was T e r r i t o r i a l Governor of Indiana (1804-12). Harrison conferred with the Indian leader Tecumseh h e r e . December 19, 1960.

HARRISON (BENJAMIN) HOME 1204 N. Delaware S t r e e t Ind ianapo l i s , Marion County 1874-75

HARRISON (WILLIAM HENRY) HOME

Harrison, the 23rd Pres ident of the United S t a t e s , accepted the Republican P a r t y ' s nomination for the Presidency in t h i s home in 1888. January 29, 1964.

See GROUSELAND

INDIANAPOLIS MOTOR SPEEDWAY 4790 West 16th S t r e e t Speedway, Marion County 1909; Park Ta l i a f e r ro Andrews

LINCOLN BOYHOOD HOME (formerly NANCY HANKS LINCOLN STATE MEMORIAL)

On Indiana 345, near Gent ryv i l l e Spencer County 1816-30

The only reasonably i n t ac t e a r l y 20th-century high-speed auto race course in the country, and the o ldes t continuously operated automobile race course anywhere, i t has long been the premier auto racing s i t e in the United S t a t e s . Since 1911, i t has been the s i t e of the Indianapol is 500, one of the l a r g e s t s ingle-day spec t a to r spor t ing events in the world. The Speedway has a l so made s i g n i f i c a n t con t r ibu t i ons to automobile design, performance, technology and s a f e t y . February 27, 1987.

Abraham Linco ln ' s family l ived in southern Indiana from 1816 to 1830, a per iod in which he grew t o rnanhood and received h i s e a r l y i n s t r u c t i o n in reading the law. The t r a d i t i o n a l g raves i t e of L incoln ' s mother and the s i t e of the Lincoln cabin are he re . December 19, 1960. (The Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial i s now within the National Park System.)

LOGANSPORT CAROUSEL See SPENCER PARK DENTZEL CAROUSEL

NEW HARMONY HISTORIC DISTRICT Main S t r e e t between Granary

and Church s t r e e t s New Harmony, Posey County 1815, 1825

RILEY (JAMES WHITCOMB) HOUSE 528 Lockerbie S t r e e t Ind ianapo l i s , Marion County 1872

The s i t e of both r e l i g i o u s and s e c u l a r -inspi red Utopian communities, the former of which was founded by the Rappites in 1815. Purchased by Robert Owen in 1825. About 35 of the o r i g i n a l 180 Rappite bu i ld ings remain. June 23, 1965.

Riley, the "Hoosier poe t , " wrote in the American vernacular on homespun s u b j e c t s . His Vic tor ian residence contains memorab i l i a of h i s l i f e and c a r e e r . December 29, 1962.

78

I n d i a n a

SPENCER PARK DENT2EL CAROUSEL R i v e r s i d e Pa rk L o g a n s p o r t , C a s s County c . 1 9 0 0 - 0 3 , D e n t z e l C a r o u s e l

C o r p o r a t i o n

One of t h e t h r e e e a r l i e s t D e n t z e l menag e r i e c a r o u s e l s t h a t a r e v i r t u a l l y i n t a c t , o u t of more t h a n 100 b u i l t by t h e company. F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 .

STODEBAKER (CLEMENT) HOUSE 620 W. Wash ing ton Avenue S o u t h Bend, S t . J o s e p h County 1889; Henry I v e s Cobb

Heme (1889-1906) of t h e ma jo r c o n t r i b u t o r t o t h e S t u d e b a k e r B r o s . C o . , t h e l a r g e s t m a n u f a c t u r e r of h o r s e - d r a w n v e h i c l e s in t h e w o r l d by t h e 1 8 9 0 s . The company was t h e o n l y U . S . w a g o n - m a n u f a c t u r i n g f i r m t o c o n v e r t s u c c e s s f u l l y t o a u t o m o b i l e manuf a c t u r e . December 22 , 1977 .

TIPPECANOE BATTLEFIELD 7 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of L a f a y e t t e

on I n d i a n a 225 T i p p e c a n o e v i c i n i t y T i p p e c a n o e County 1811

W i l l i a m Henry H a r r i s o n ' s v i c t o r y h e r e d e s t r o y e d I n d i a n l e a d e r T e c u m s e h ' s p l a n s f o r a c o n f e d e r a t i o n of I n d i a n g r o u p s t o b l o c k wes tward e x p a n s i o n . O c t o b e r 9 , 1960.

WALLACE CIRCUS WINTER HEAIXJUARTERS

2 . 5 s o u t h e a s t of c i t y c e n t e r P e r u , Miami County 1892-1938

WALLACE (GENERAL LEW) STUDY P i k e S t r e e t and W a l l a c e Avenue Crawf o r d s v i 1 l e Montgomery County 1895-98

WEST BADEN SPRINGS HOTEL Off I n d i a n a 56 West Baden S p r i n g s , Orange

County 1 9 0 1 - 0 2 , 1932 ; H a r r i s o n

A l b r i g h t

Used by Benjamin ("Ben") E. W a l l a c e , and h i s s u c c e s s o r s , t h e American C i r c u s C o r p o r a t i o n and t h e R i n g l i n g s . C o n t a i n s s e v e r a l r a r e e x a m p l e s of s t r u c t u r e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e heyday of t h e American c i r c u s — t h e f o r mer O f f i c e s t r u c t u r e , t h e E l e p h a n t , H ippo , and C a t B a m and t h e T i g e r , L i o n , and Bear B a r n . They d a t e from an e r a of p r o s p e r i t y i n t h e b u s i n e s s , t h e 1 9 2 0 s . F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 .

Used by t h e a u t h o r of Ben Hur frcm 1898 t o 1905 . E a r l i e r , a s a Union g e n e r a l , Wa l l ace p l a y e d an i m p o r t a n t p a r t i n t h e v i c t o r y a t F o r t Donelson and t h e b a t t l e of Monocacy, Md. Dur ing R e c o n s t r u c t i o n , he was a n i n f l u e n t i a l R a d i c a l R e p u b l i c a n . May 1 1 , 1976 .

The f o c u s of t h e community t h a t dubbed i t s e l f t h e "Wiesbaden" (West Baden) o r " C a r l s b a d " of America b e c a u s e of i t s m i n e r a l w a t e r s p r i n g s . The h o t e l i s a ma jo r f e a t of e n g i n e e r i n g , w i t h an immense c o v e r e d s t e e l and g l a s s dome, 2 0 0 ' i n d i a m e t e r , which was t h e l a r g e s t i n w o r l d when b u i l t . F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 .

79

IOWA (16)

AMANA COLONIES Middle Amana, Iowa County 1855

BLOOD RUN SITE Junct ion of Blood Run Creek and

the Big Sioux River Lyon County c . 1700-50

Established by the most durable of the 19th-century Utopian s o c i e t i e s , the Amana Socie ty . The Vi l lages contain bui ld ings from the 1850s-1870s. A number of the shops and f ac t o r i e s are in u se . June 23, 1965.

Contains the remains of an Oneota Indian v i l l age and numerous conical mounds. August 29, 1970.

DODGE (GRHIVILLE M.) HOUSE 605 S. 3rd S t r e e t Council Bluffs Pottawattamie County 1869

Dodge supervised the completion in 1869 of the Union P a c i f i c , pa r t of the Nat ion ' s f i r s t con t inen ta l r a i l r o a d . His Vic tor ian mansion was considered one of the f i n e s t res idences in Iowa a t the t ime. November 5, 1961.

rXJBUOUE COUNTY JAIL 36 East 8th S t r e e t Ddbuque, Dubuque County 1858-present; John F. Rague

THE FARM HOUSE (Knapp-Wilson House)

Ames, Story County 1861

FLOYD (SERGEANT) MONUMENT Glenn Avenue and Lewis Road Sioux Ci ty , Woodbury County 1804

An outstanding example of the Egyptian Revival s t y l e . This massive stone bui lding was designed by a Midwestern a r c h i t e c t who a l so did such masterpieces as the Old I l l i n o i s S ta te Cap i to l . Also exemplif ies the antebellum penal reform movement in the United S t a t e s . May 28, 1987.

Residence of Seaman A. Knapp, noted a g r i c u l t u r i s t and t eacher , and James Wilson, Secret a r y of Agricul ture (1897-1913). Now within the campus of Iowa S ta te Univers i ty . July 19, 1964.

A 100-foot obel isk commemorates the bu r i a l of the only member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition t o lose h i s l i f e during the exped i t i o n . June 30, 1960

FORT DES MOINES PROVISIONAL ARMY OFFICER TRAINING SCHOOL

Das Moines, Polk County 1917

HEPBURN (WILLIAM P.) HOUSE 321 W. Lincoln S t r ee t Clar inda , Page County c . 1867

Used as the f i r s t Black o f f i c e r s ' t r a in ing camp in 1917. Black u n i t s led by men t ra ined here were assembled in France as the 92nd Divis ion. May 30, 1974.

Residence ( c . 1867-c. 1916) of the Congressman who introduced the Hepburn Act (1906) giving the Federal government the power to se t r a i l r oad r a t e s a precedent in Federal regula t ion of p r iva t e indus t ry . December 8, 1976.

80

Iowa

HOOVER (HERBERT) BIRTHPLACE Downey and Penn S t r e e t s West B r a n c h , Cedar County 1 8 7 1 ; J e s s e Hoover

The 3 1 s t P r e s i d e n t of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s was b o r n i n a 2-room frame c o t t a g e i n Vfest Branch i n 1874, and s p e n t t h e y e a r s u n t i l 1884 i n t h e town . J u n e 2 3 , 1965 . (Now w i t h i n t h e H e r b e r t Hoover N a t i o n a l H i s t o r i c S i t e . )

INDIAN VILLAGE SITE ( W i t t r o c k Area)

3 m i l e s e a s t of S u t h e r l a n d O ' B r i e n County 1000-1500

A s m a l l M i l l Creek I n d i a n c u l t u r e v i l l a g e , u n i q u e b e c a u s e i t h a s been l i t t l e d i s t u r b e d s i n c e i t s o c c u p a t i o n . J u l y 1 9 , 1964 .

KNAPP-WTLSON HOUSE See THE FARM HOUSE

MERCJHANTS1 IttTIONAL BANK 4 t h Avenue and Broad S t r e e t G r i n n e l l , Poweshiek County 1914; L o u i s S u l l i v a n

One of t h e b e s t - p r e s e r v e d of t h e s m a l l banks d e s i g n e d by S u l l i v a n l a t e i n h i s c a r e e r . J a n u a r y 7 , 1976 .

OLD CAPITOL Iowa City, Johnson County 1842-46; John F. Rague

PHIPPS SITE 3 miles north of Cherokee Cherokee County c. 1000

SERGEANT FLOYD MONUMENT

I o w a ' s f i r s t pe r manen t c a p i t o l , b u i l t a s t h e t h i r d T e r r i t o r i a l c a p i t o l . T h i s Greek R e v i v a l -s t y l e s t r u c t u r e w i t h dome, now on t h e campus of t h e U n i v e r s i t y of Iowa, became t h e U n i v e r s i t y ' s f i r s t pe rmanen t b u i l d i n g a f t e r Des Moines became S t a t e c a p i t a l . J a n u a r y 7 , 1976 .

Type s i t e of t h e M i l l Creek I n d i a n c u l t u r e . Example of l a t e W o o d l a n d - M i s s i s s i p p i a n p e o p l e who were d e v e l o p i n g P l a i n s a g r i c u l t u r a l p a t t e r n s . J u l y 1 9 , 1964 .

See FLOYD (SERGEANT) MCINUMENT

TOOLESBORO MCUND GROUP N o r t h of T o o l e s b o r o L o u i s a County D a t e s unknown

VAN ALLEN AND COMPANY APARTMENT STORE

5 t h Avenue and S . 2nd S t r e e t C l i n t o n , C l i n t o n County 1 9 1 3 - 1 5 ; L o u i s S u l l i v a n

WEAVER (JAMES B . ) HOUSE Weaver Pa rk Road B l o o m f i e l d , Dav i s County c . 1865

WITTROCK AREA

B e s t - p r e s e r v e d Hopewel l s i t e i n Iowa , r e p r e s e n t i n g an e x t e n s i o n of t h e " c l a s s i c " H o p e w e l l i a n m o r t u a r y p r a c t i c e s of t h e I l l i n o i s R i v e r V a l l e y . May 2 3 , 1966 .

One of t h e d w i n d l i n g number of b u i l d i n g s by S u l l i v a n i n t h e Midwes t , done a t t h e end of h i s c a r e e r . I t i s a 4 - s t o r y s t e e l frame s k e l t o n , f aced w i t h b r i c k , and h a s e x u b e r a n t t e r r a - c o t t a f o l i a t e o rnament a t t h e a t t i c l e v e l . J a n u a r y 7 , 1976.

Long- t ime home of t h e P o p u l i s t c a n d i d a t e f o r P r e s i d e n t and a n t i m o n o p o l i s t . P r o p o n e n t of t h e g r a d u a t e d income t a x and a p r i n c i p a l s p o n s o r of f r e e c o i n a g e of s i l v e r . May 1 5 , 1975 .

See INDIAN VILLAGE SITE

81

KANSAS (21)

(XOTONWDOD PONY EXPRESS STATION

COUNCIL GROVE HISTORIC DISTRICT Council Grove, Morris County

EL CUARTELEJO 12 miles north of Scott City Scott County c. 1692-1704

FORT LARNED 5 miles west of Larned Pawnee County 1859-1878

See HOLLENBERG PONY EXPRESS STATION

Important way-point on the Santa Fe T r a i l . Named for the occasion of an 1825 t r e a t y negot ia t ion between the Federal government and the Osage Ind ians . May 23, 1963.

Pueblo ruin a t t r i b u t e d to a group of P i cu r i s Indians who l e f t the Southwest because of f r i c t i o n with the Spanish. El Cuar te le jo i s a S ta te park. Ju ly 19, 1964.

Among the more important fo r t s along the Santa Fe T r a i l in the 1860s and e a r l y 1870s. One of the bes t -preserved mid-19th-century western m i l i t a r y p o s t s . December 19, 1960. (Now in the National Park System as Fort Lamed National H i s to r i c S i t e . )

FORT LEAVEfMlRTH Leavenworth, Leavenworth County 1827

Established to protect caravans on the Santa Fe Trail, the fort played a major role in several wars and became the temporary capital of the new Territory of Kansas in 1854. December 19, 1960.

FORT SCOTT Town of Fort Scott Bourbon County 1842

Bui l t to preserve peace among the Osage, Cherokee, and o ther t r i b e s in Kansas T e r r i t o r y . Scene of bloodshed between p ro-and a n t i - s l a v e r y f ac t ions before the Civi l War. Ju ly 19, 1964. (Port ions are pa r t of the National Park System as Fort Scot t National H i s to r i c S i t e . )

HASKELL INSTITUTE Lawrence, Douglas County 1884

HOLLENBERG (COTTCNWOOD) PONY EXPRESS STATION

1.5 miles e a s t of Hanover Washington County 1857

A Federal i n s t i t u t i o n for Indian educat ion . One of the few surviving non-reservat ion schools e s t ab l i shed in the l a t e 19th century . Ju ly 4, 1961.

Only surviving unmoved and unal tered Pony Express s t a t i o n . Served as a re lay s t a t i o n for both the Overland Mail and the Pony Express. November 5, 1961.

IJ3COMPTON CONSTITUTION HALL Elmore S t r e e t between Woodson

and 3rd S t r e e t s Lecompton, Douglas County

Meeting-place of the 2nd T e r r i t o r i a l legi s l a t u r e (1857). Here, the pro-s lavery Lecompton Cons t i tu t ion was drawn up. May 30, 1974.

82

Kansas

MARAIS DES CYGNES MASSACRE SITE 5 m i l e s n o r t h e a s t of T r a d i n g P o s t L inn County 1858

MEDICINE LODGE PEACE TREATY SITE J u s t s o u t h and e a s t of t h e town

of M e d i c i n e Lodge B a r b e r County 1867

NATION (CARRY A. ) HOUSE 211 W. Fowle r Avenue Med ic ine Lodge , B a r b e r County c . 1882

NICODEMUS HISTORIC DISTRICT Nicodemus , Graham County 1877

NORMAN NO. 1 OIL WELL M i l l and 1 s t S t r e e t s Neodesha , Wi l so n County 1892

S i t e of mob v i o l e n c e i n v o l v i n g p r o - and a n t i - s l a v e r y f a c t i o n s i n t h e p r e - C i v i l War s t r u g g l e f o r c o n t r o l of t h e Kansas T e r r i t o r y . May 3 0 , 1974 .

Under t h e t r e a t y s i g n e d h e r e . P l a i n s I n d i a n s were t o g i v e up nomadic ways and r e l i n q u i s h c l a i m s t o a n c e s t r a l l a n d s , i n r e t u r n f o r F e d e r a l economic and e d u c a t i o n a l h e l p . Augus t 4 , 1969 .

R e s i d e n c e (1889-1902) of t h e t e m p e r a n c e l e a d e r who became t h e f o r e m o s t symbol of a r e i n v i g -o r a t e d p r o h i b i t i o n movement a t t h e t u r n of t h e c e n t u r y . May 1 1 , 1976.

Only r e m a i n i n g town of t h e 1870s " E x o d u s t e r " movement by Black p e o p l e o u t of t h e Sou th t o t h e Midwes t . J a n u a r y 7 , 1976 .

Norman No. 1 was t h e w e l l t h a t opened t h e v a s t M i d - C o n t i n e n t o i l f i e l d , which became t h e ma jo r p r o d u c i n g f i e l d by 1900 . The Mid-C o n t i n e n t F i e l d y i e l d e d more t h a n h a l f t h e U . S . o i l s u p p l y i n t o t h e 1 9 3 0 s . December 2 2 , 1977 .

PARKER CAROUSEL 412 S . Campbe l l S t r e e t A b i l e n e , D i c k i n s o n County c a . 1 8 9 8 - 1 9 0 1 ; C h a r l e s W.

P a r k e r Amusement Company

The e a r l i e s t of t h e t h r e e s u r v i v i n g c a r o u s e l s of t h e many b u i l t by t h e P a r k e r f i r m i n A b i l e n e be tween 1896 and 1910 . I t i s t h e o n l y t a n g i b l e e v i d e n c e of t h e P a r k e r Company 's o p e r a t i o n s i n t h e c i t y . F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1 9 8 7 .

PRICE SITE See WHITEFORD SITE

SANTA FE TRAIL REMAINS 9 m i l e s w e s t of Dodge C i t y

on U . S . 50 Ford County 1820-50

Longes t c o n t i n u o u s s t r e t c h of c l e a r l y d e f i n e d S a n t a Fe T r a i l r u t r e m a i n s i n K a n s a s . Forms a 2 - m i l e a r c , 300-400 f e e t wide i n p l a c e s . May 2 3 , 1 9 6 3 .

SHAWNEE MISSION 53rd Street at Mission Road Fairway, Johnson County 1839-45

The M i s s i o n was an i m p o r t a n t I n d i a n s c h o o l u n t i l 1862 . The F i r s t T e r r i t o r i a l l e g i s l a t u r e met h e r e ( 1 8 5 5 ) . May 2 3 , 1968 .

83

Kansas

SUMNER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 330 Western Avenue Topeka, Shawnee County 1954; Thomas W. Williamson

TOBIAS-THOMPSON COMPLEX 4 miles southeast of Geneseo Rice County 16th century

WAGON BED SPRINGS 12 miles south of Ulysses on U.S. 270

Grant County c. 1820-50

Associated with the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954). The school refused to enroll Linda Brown because she was Black. As a result, the Court concluded that "Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." This decision struck down the legal basis for segregation in public schools. May 4, 1987.

Site of a Wichita Indian village which shows evidence of early contact with Europeans. July 19, 1964.

Served as an oasis on the dry 60-mile stretch of the Cimarron Cutoff of the Santa Fe Trail. Ruts of the Trail are still evident. December 19, 1960.

WHITE (WILLIAM ALLEN) HOUSE 927 Exchange Street Emporia, Lyon County c. 1887

WHITEFORD (PRICE) SITE 3 miles east of Salina Salina County Prehistoric

Heme (1899-1944) of the internationally renowned journalist and author, whose writings had a marked effect on the political and social life of the country. His book The Old Order Changeth (1910) expressed the dominant view of the Progressive movement. May 11, 1976.

Prehistoric cemetery containing skeletons of the Smoky Hill Indian culture. Provides a record of the early Central Plains Village period in Kansas. July 19, 1964.

84

KENTUCKY (20)

ASHLAND See CLAY (HENRY) HOME

BEARD (DANIEL C.) BOYHOOD HOME 322 E. 3 r d S t r e e t C o v i n g t o n , Kenton County c . 1850

Beard was one of t h e key f i g u r e s i n t h e movement t h a t l e d t o t h e f o u n d i n g of t h e Boy S c o u t s of America i n 1910. June 2 3 , 1965 .

BEREA COLLEGE, LINCOLN HALL

BURKS' DISTILLERY c . 3 m i l e s e a s t of L o r e t t o Mar ion County 1889, George R. B u r k s ;

1805 ( s i t e )

CHURCHILL DOWNS 700 C e n t r a l Avenue Lou i s v i 1 l e , J e f fe r s o n Coun t y 1 8 7 5 - p r e s e n t ; C.X. Murphy

& Co.

CLAY (HENRY) HOME 2 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of L e x i n g t o n F a y e t t e County 1806 , Benjamin H. L a t r o b e ( a t t . ) ;

1857 ( r e c o n s t r u c t i o n ) , Major Thomas Lewinsk i

mVIfX3TON AND CINCINNATI SUSPENSION BRIDGE

C o v i n g t o n , Kenton Coun ty , and H a m i l t o n C oun ty , Ohio

1 8 5 6 - 6 7 ; J o h n A. R o e b l i n g

INDIAN KNOLL Near P a r a d i s e , Ohio County Be fo re 3 ,000 BC

See LINCOLN HALL . . .

R e p r e s e n t s t h e g r o w t h of d i s t i l l i n g a s a ma jo r i n d u s t r y i n Ken tucky , a f t e r t h e P inckney T r e a t y gave U . S . c i t i z e n s t h e r i g h t t o unhampered p a s s a g e down t h e M i s s i s s i p p i t o New O r l e a n s . I t a l s o marks t h e d e v e l o p ment of bourbon i n t o a d i s t i n c t i v e l i q u o r m a r k e t e d w o r l d w i d e . J a n u a r y 1 6 , 1980 .

Modeled a f t e r Epsom Downs i n E n g l a n d , i t was c o n s t r u c t e d by C o l . M e r i w e t h e r Lewis C l a r k , a p r o m i n e n t L o u i s v i l l e h o r s e b r e e d e r i n an a t t e m p t t o s t i m u l a t e t h e t h o r o u g h b r e d i n d u s t r y . I s t h e hone of t h e Kentucky Derby . O c t o b e r 2 1 , 1986 .

R e s i d e n c e of t h e d i s t i n g u i s h e d p r e - C i v i l War p o l i t i c a l l e a d e r , s t a t e s m a n , and P r e s i d e n t i a l c a n d i d a t e . C l a y s e r v e d a s a U . S . S e n a t o r , S p e a k e r of t h e House , and S e c r e t a r y of S t a t e . The house was r e c o n s t r u c t e d a f t e r C l a y ' s d e a t h on t h e o r i g i n a l p l a n . December 1 9 , 1960 .

At t h e t i m e of i t s c o m p l e t i o n t h i s s u s p e n s i o n b r i d g e was t h e l o n g e s t i n t h e w o r l d . I t r e m a i n s one of t h e N a t i o n ' s f o r e m o s t s u s p e n s i o n b r i d g e s , c r o s s i n g t h e Ohio R i v e r be tween C o v i n g t o n and C i n c i n n a t i , O h i o . May 1 5 , 1975 .

T h i s s i t e , on Green R i v e r , i s one of t h e mos t f u l l y documented and l a r g e s t of t h e A r c h a i c s h e l l h e a p s i t e s i n t h e E a s t e r n U . S . , and h a s p r o v i d e d v i t a l i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e A r c h a i c I n d i a n p o p u l a t i o n . E x c a v a t i o n h a s y i e l d e d an an i m p o r t a n t c o l l e c t i o n of s k e l e t a l m a t e r i a l from more t h a n 1200 b u r i a l s . Sep tember 2 3 , 1964 .

85

Kentucky

JACOBS HALL, KENTUCKY SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF

S . 3 rd S t r e e t D a n v i l l e , Boyle County 1857

O l d e s t s u r v i v i n g b u i l d i n g on t h e campus of t h e f i r s t p u b l i c l y s u p p o r t e d i n s t i t u t i o n f o r t h e e d u c a t i o n of t h e d e a f i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . December 2 1 , 1965 .

KEENELAND RACE COURSE Off V e r s a i l l e s and Rice Roads L e x i n g t o n , F a y e t t e County 1936; R o b e r t W. McMeekin,

A r t h u r F r c e h l i c h

The mos t c o n s p i c u o u s m a n i f e s t a t i o n of h o r s e r a i s i n g and r a c i n g i n L e x i n g t o n , t h e h e a r t of Kentucky " b l u e g r a s s " c o u n t r y . I s t h e s i t e of t h e P h o e n i x H a n d i c a p , t h e o l d e s t s t a k e s r a c e i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , and t h e Blue G r a s s S t a k e s . A l s o p r e e m i n e n t f o r i t s a n n u a l h o r s e s a l e s . T r a c k o r i g i n a l l y begun by J a c k Keene , an e x t r a o r d i n a r y f i g u r e i n American r a c i n g . Sep tember 2 4 , 1986 .

KENTUCKY SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF See JACOBS HALL . . .

LIBERTY HALL 218 W i l k i n s o n S t r e e t F r a n k f o r t , F r a n k l i n County L a t e 18 th c e n t u r y

The b u i l d e r , J o h n Brown, s e r v e d a s U . S . S e n a t o r a f t e r Kentucky a t t a i n e d S t a t e h o o d . He p a t t e r n e d h i s house a f t e r t h e F e d e r a l - s t y l e a r c h i t e c t u r e of P h i l a d e l p h i a , and i t i s a f i n e example of F e d e r a l d o m e s t i c a r c h i t e c t u r e . November 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

LINCOLN HALL, BEREA COLLEGE B e r e a , Madison County 1887

Berea i s s i g n i f i c a n t i n t h e h i s t o r y of U . S . e d u c a t i o n a s t h e f i r s t c o l l e g e e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s f o r t h e s p e c i f i c p u r p o s e of e d u c a t i n g B l a c k s and W h i t e s t o g e t h e r . L i n c o l n H a l l i s c l o s e l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h B e r e a ' s h i s t o r y . December 2 , 1974 .

LOCUST GROVE 561 B l a n k e n b a k e r Lane L o u i s v i l l e , J e f f e r s o n County 1790

George R o g e r s C l a r k l i v e d h e r e w i t h h i s s i s t e r and h e r husband a s a s e m i - i n v a l i d from 1809 u n t i l h i s d e a t h i n 1818 . C l a r k was t h e h e r o of t h e W e s t e r n t h e a t e r of t h e Amer ican Revol u t i o n , a c h i e v i n g fame f o r h i s c o n q u e s t of t h e t r a n s - O h i o f r o n t i e r a t s u c h p l a c e s a s V i n c e n n e s , I n d i a n a , and K a s k a s k i a and C a h o k i a , I l l i n o i s . June 2 3 , 1986 .

LOUISVILLE WATER COMPANY PUMPING STATION

Zorn Avenue Lou i sv i l l e , Jef ferson County 1858-60; Theodore R. Sccwden

MCDOWELL (DR. EPHRAIM) HOUSE 125-127 S. 2nd S t r e e t Danvi l le , Boyle County c . 1795

Class i ca l Revival in s t y l e , t h i s s t a t i o n rep resen t s 19th-century e f f o r t s to include symbolic and monumental functions in i n d u s t r i a l a r c h i t e c t u r e . The engine room i s in the form of a temple, and a standpipe tower imi t a t e s triumphal Roman columns. November 11 , 1971.

Recognized as the fa ther of abdominal surgery, Dr. McDowell successfu l ly performed a d i f f i c u l t abdominal opera t ion in 1809 in t h i s house. The operat ion demonstrated the p o s s i b i l i t y of safe ly opening the abdominal c a v i t y . January 12, 1965.

86

Kentucky

OLD BANK OF DOUISVILLE 320 W. Main Street Louisville, Jefferson County 1837; Gideon Shryock or James

H. Dakin

OLD MORRISON, TRANSYLVANIA COLLEGE W. 3rd Street between Upper Street

and Broadway Lexington, Fayette County 1833; Gideon Shryock

OLD STATE HOUSE Broadway, bounded by Madison,

Clinton, and Lewis Streets Frankfort, Franklin County 1827-30; Gideon Shryock

PERRYVILLE BATTLEFIELD West of Perryville on U.S. 150 Boyle County 1862

SHAKERTOWN AT PLEASANT HILL HISTORIC DISTRICT

S h a k e r t o w n and v i c i n i t y Mercer County 1 9 t h c e n t u r y

A Greek R e v i v a l - s t y l e b u i l d i n g , among t h e most s o p h i s t i c a t e d e x a m p l e s of s m a l l - s c a l e commerc i a l a r c h i t e c t u r e i n t h e U . S . I t a d a p t s c l a s s i c a l i d ioms t o a na r row downtown l o t , most n o t a b l e i n i t s f r o n t f a c a d e , which c o n s i s t s of a monumental d i s t y l e - i n - a n t i s doorway . November 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

The c o l l e g e i s one of t h e o l d e s t i n s t i t u t i o n s of h i g h e r l e a r n i n g wes t of t h e A p p a l a c h i a n s . Old M o r r i s o n was among t h e f i r s t b u i l d i n g s c o n s t r u c t e d on t h e campus . December 2 1 , 1965 .

A s i m p l e 2 - s t o r y t e m p l e - f o r m s t o n e b u i l d i n g , t h e f i r s t m a j o r work of S h r y o c k . R e p r e s e n t s t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n of t h e Greek R e v i v a l s t y l e i n K e n t u c k y . November 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

S i t e of t h e b a t t l e i n O c t o b e r 1862, which c l i m a x e d t h e ma jo r C o n f e d e r a t e i n v a s i o n of Ken tucky , and i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e B a t t l e s of A n t i e t a m , I u k a , C o r i n t h , and Newtonia b roke t h e back of a C o n f e d e r a t e o f f e n s i v e a l o n g a 1 0 0 0 - m i l e f r o n t . December 1 9 , 1960 .

Among t h e mos t s u c c e s s f u l of t h e 1 9 t h -c e n t u r y r e l i g i o u s c o m m u n i t a r i a n s e t t l e m e n t s . By 1820 , some 500 S h a k e r s l i v e d h e r e on 3000 a c r e s of l a n d . The community was d i s s o l v e d i n 1910 . November 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

SPRINGFIELD See TAYLOR (ZACHARY) HOUSE

STATE HOUSE, OLD See OLD STATE HOUSE

TAYLOR (7YACHARY) HOUSE (SPRINGFIELD)

5608 Apache Road L o u i s v i l l e , J e f f e r s o n County c . 1780

T a y l o r ' s boyhood home. He r e t u r n e d h e r e o f t e n d u r i n g h i s m i l i t a r y c a r e e r and b r i e f l y a g a i n b e f o r e h i s s h o r t t e r m a s P r e s i d e n t of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . J u l y 4 , 1 9 6 1 .

TRANSYLVANIA COLLEGE, OLD MORRISON

See OLD MORRISON

YOUNG (WHITNEY M.) BIRTHPLACE AND BOYHOOD HOME

Campus of L i n c o l n I n s t i t u t e S h e l b y County

Young, t h e E x e c u t i v e D i r e c t o r of t h e N a t i o n a l Urban League 1 9 6 1 - 1 9 7 1 , drew u n p r e c e d e n t e d s u p p o r t f o r t h e L e a g u e ' s s o c i a l and economic p r o g r a m s , w o r k i n g f o r an e q u a l i t y beyond c i v i l r i g h t s c a u s e s . He was b o r n i n t h i s s i m p l e 2 - s t o r y frame house i n 1 9 2 1 , and l i v e d h e r e u n t i l he e n r o l l e d a t Kentucky S t a t e C o l l e g e a t t h e age of 1 5 . A p r i l 2 7 , 1984.

87

LOUISIANA (44)

ACADIAN HOUSE Louisiana 31 S t . Martinvi l le , S t . Martin Parish 1765

THE CABILDO Jackson Square, Chartres and

S t . Peter s t r e e t s New Orleans, Orleans Parish 1795; Gilberto Guilleraard

CABLE (GEORGE WASHINGTON) HOUSE 1313 8th Street New Orleans, Orleans Parish 1874

THE COURTHOUSE AND LAWYERS' ROW

Clinton, East Feliciana Parish 1840-60

CUSTOMHOUSE, U.S.

Represents a type of building adapted to local climate and materials, and once common to the region. Built of hand-hewn cypress, with walls of adobe and moss. Within Longfellow Evangeline State Park. May 30, 1974.

Originally housed the administrative and legislative council which ruled Spanish Louisiana. Exhibits the strong influence of Spanish architecture in the Louisiana Territory. October 9, 1960.

The voice of the Louisiana Creoles, Cable made major contributions to American regional literature. His work made the term "Creole" better known and understood. December 29, 1962.

Full peripteral Greek Revival courthouse and five nearby law office buildings form a harmonious ensemble unique when new and even more remarkable for having survived intact. May 30, 1974.

See UNITED STATES CUSTOMHOUSE

DILLARD (JAMES H.) HOME 571 Audubon Street New Orleans, Orleans Parish 19th century

Dillard played an important role in Black education in the late 19th century, strengthening vocational and teacher-training programs. He lived here from 1894 to 1913. December 2, 1974.

FORT BE LA BOULAYE Near Phoenix Plaquemines Parish 1700

Founded when France claimed possession of the mouth of the Mississippi River. Hostile Indians forced its abandonment in 1707. October 9, 1960.

PORT JACKSON 2.5 miles southeast of Triumph on Louisiana 23

Plaquemines Parish 1822

Failure of this fort, on the west bank of the Mississippi River, and Fort St. Philip, on the east bank, to stop the Union Navy under Flag-Officer David G. Farragut in 1862 caused the Confederacy to lose New Orleans. This fort is little altered from its original state. December 19, 1960.

88

Louisiana

PORT JESUP 7 miles northeast of Many on Louisiana 6

Sabine Parish 1822

Most southwesterly military outpost in the United States, from its establishment in 1822 until the Mexican War. In March 1845, Texas was offered admission to the Union and Gen. Zachary Taylor's "Army of Observation," stationed at Fort Jesup, was ordered to hold its troops ready to march into Texas. After Texas joined the Union, Taylor was ordered to move into the new State. Now Fort Jesup State Monument. July 4, 1961.

FORT ST. PHILIP 2.5 miles southeast of Triumph

on Louisiana 23 Plaquemines Parish 1746, 1795, 1812

Buil t by the French in 1746 and r e b u i l t by the Spanish in 1791, on the e a s t bank of the Miss iss ippi River across from the l a t e r Fort Jackson. This f o r t , l ike Fort Jackson, surrendered a f t e r an a t tack by Flag-Officer David G. F a r r a g u t ' s force in 1862. December 19, 1960.

GALLIER HALL 545 St. Charles Avenue New Orleans, Orleans Parish 19th century

Finest remaining work of architect James Gallier, Jr. Originally designed as headquarters for the city government. May 30, 1974.

GALLIER HOUSE 1132 Royal Street New Orleans, Orleans Parish 1857-60

James G a l l i e r , J r . , one of New Orleans ' prominent a r c h i t e c t s , b u i l t t h i s house for himself. A typ ica l Louisiana town-house, almost a l l the l iv ing rooms open t o porches, g a l l e r i e s , or ba lcon ies . May 30, 1974.

GARDEN DISTRICT, THE Bounded by Carondelet , Josephine,

and Magazine S t r e e t s , and Louisiana Avenue

New Orleans, Orleans Parish 19th-20th c e n t u r i e s

A r e s i d e n t i a l sec t ion fashionable s ince the 1830s, with homes represent ing a l l s t y l e s of popular a r ch i t e c tu r e from a n t e bellum times t o the ea r ly 20th century . May 30, 1974.

HEJIMANN-GRIMA HOUSE 818-820 S t . Louis S t r e e t New Orleans , Orleans Par i sh c . 1831

This e c l e c t i c s t r uc tu r e i l l u s t r a t e s the influence of American bui lding s t y l e s upon New Orleans a r c h i t e c t u r e a f t e r the Louisiana Purchase. May 30, 1974.

HOMEPLACE PLANTATION HOUSE J u s t south of Hahnville S t . Charles Par i sh 1787-1791

Excellent example of a French Colonia l , 2 - s to ry , ra ised co t t age . The second-story wal ls are cypress timbers f i l l e d with a c lay and Spanish moss mixture . Apri l 15, 1970.

89

Louisiana

JACKSON SQUARE (Place D'Armes) Bounced by Decatur, S t . Pe te r ,

S t . Ann, and Char t res S t r e e t s New Orleans, Orleans Par ish 18th-20th c e n t u r i e s

LAFITTE'S BLACKSMITH SHOP 941 Bourbon S t r e e t New Orleans , Orleans Parish Late 18th century

LOS ADAES (Nuestra Senora del P i l a r be los Adaes)

Half mile north of S ta te Highway 6

Robeline, Natchitoches Parish 1721

LOUISIANA STATE BANK BUILDING 403 Royal S t r e e t New Orleans, Orleans Parish 1822; Benjamin H. Latrobe

LOUISIANA STATE CAPITOL Capi tol Drive Baton Rouge, East Baton Rouge Parish 1929; Weiss, Dreyfous, and

Se infer th

Center of the c i t y s ince the f i r s t plan was drawn up in 1720. Here, in 1803, the American flag was ra ised for the f i r s t time over the newly purchased Louisiana T e r r i t o r y . October 9, 1960.

One-and-a-half s t o ry cot tage t r a d i t i o n a l l y associa ted with Jean and P ie r re L a f i t t e , adventurers who posed as b lacksmiths while engaging in i l l e g a l business ven tures . Of brick-between-post cons t ruct i on once typ ica l of the a rea , i t i s a rare surv ior of i t s type for the per iod . Apri l 15, 1970.

Founded in 1721 by the Spanish t o check French expansion in to e a s t Texas, i t played a pa r t in maintaining the i n t e r na t iona l balance of power between Spain and France. Served as adminis t ra t ive c a p i t o l for the province of Texas from 1751 to 1770 before being abandoned in 1773. One of the few Spanish p res id ios in the borderlands tha t has not been impacted by nodern a g r i c u l t u r a l p r a c t i c e s or urban expansion. I t provides opportuni t i e s t o recons t ruc t l i f e a t a Spanish co lon ia l f r o n t i e r se t t l emen t , including European-Indian interdependency. June 23, 1986.

This bui lding was the l a s t s t r u c t u r e designed by Ilatrooe. I t housed the f i r s t bank incorporated in Louisiana a f t e r i t s admission to Statehood. May 4, 1983.

The Capi tol i s a 34-s tory , 450-foot skyscraper ornamented ins ide and out with f ea tu res dep ic t ing the a c t i v i t i e s and idea l s of the S t a t e . Bui l t a t the d i r e c t i o n of Governor Huey P. Long, i t was a phys ica l symbol t o the people of Louisiana tha t t h e i r S ta te had entered the modern e r a . December 17, 1982.

LOUISIANA STATE CAPITOL (OLD)

MCNEIL (SAINT) PUMPING STATION

See OLD LOUISIANA STATE CAPITOL

See SHJxEVEPORT WATERWORKS PUMPING STATION

MATJAME JOHN'S LEGACY 632 Dumaine S t r e e t New Orleans , Orleans Parish 1722-28, 1788 (rebuilt)

A French Colonial raised-cottage townhouse, an example of a style that once was a popular type of city dwelling. April 15, 1970.

90

Louisiana

MADEWCOD PLANTATION HOUSE Napoleonville, Assumption Parish 1845

MARKSVTLLE PREHISTORIC INDIAN SITE Marksville vicinity Avoyelles Parish 1st century AD

MAYOR GIROD HOUSE 500 Chartres Street New Orleans, Orleans Parish 1797 (service wing), 1814 (main house)

MELROSE

This plantation house, which represents the purest Greek Revival style, was built for a member of the Pugh family in 1845. May 4, 1983.

Type site for the Marksville Culture, a southern variant of the Ohio Hopewell. Characterized by extensive burial mounds. July 19, 1964.

One of the best examples of a large French colonial townhouse in the U.S., demonstrating continued French architectural influences in New Orleans. Ironwork balconies on the second floor and an octagonal cupola decorate it. April 15, 1970.

See YUCCA PLANTATION

NATCHITOCHES HISTORIC DISTRICT Natchitoches Natchitoches Parish 1714

NEW ORLEANS BRANCH MINT

Established by the French in 1714, Natchitoches was a t rad ing center on the Red River and an important l ink in pack train t r a i l s . The historic d i s t r i c t has a mixture of architecture from the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries. April 16, 1984.

See UNITED STATES MINT . . .

NEW ORLEANS COTTON EXCHANGE BUILDING

231 Carondelet S t r e e t New Orleans , Orleans Parish 1921

This 8-s tory steel-framed stone building represen t s New Orleans as the p r inc ipa l spot market of the world and the leading fu tures market, next t o New York and Liverpool, u n t i l the 1920s. Associated with Henry G. Hester , the "Father of Cotton S t a t i s t i c s , " whose work reduced investment r i s k . December 22, 1977.

NuTJSTRA SENORA DEL PILAR DE LOS ADAES

See LOS ADAES

OAK ALLEY PLANTATION Vacherie, S t . James Par ish 1837-39

Probably the f i ne s t of the few remaining fu l l p e r i p t e r a l p lan ta t ion houses, with a colonnade of 28 Doric columns. A double row of g i an t l ive oak t r e e s forms the 800-foot-long "oak a l l ey" leading t o the house. December 2, 1974.

91

Louisiana

OLD LOUISIANA STATE CAPITOL North Boulevard and S t . P h i l i p

S t r e e t Baton Rouge, East Baton Rouge

Par i sh 19th century; James Harrison Dakin

PARLANGE PLANTATION HOUSE Junct ion of Louisiana 1 and 78 Mix v i c i n i t y , Pointe Coupee Par i sh c . 1750

Described as c a s t e l l a t e d Gothic , the bui ld ing i s considered one of the f i n e s t examples of Gothic Revival a r c h i t e c t u r e in the country . May 30, 1974.

One of the bes t examples of a French Colonial p l a n t a t i o n house of the 2-s tory r a i sed -co t t age type . Apri l 15, 1970.

PLACE D'ARMES See JACKSON SQUARE

PONTALBA BUILDINGS Jackson Square New Orleans , Orleans Par i sh 1849-51; James G a l l i e r and o the r s

PORT HUDSON Port Hudson East Fe l ic iana Par i sh 1860s

POVERTY POINT 12 mi les nor th of Delhi on Bayou

Macon West Ca r ro l l Par i sh c . 700 BC

High-style res idences and shops combine in 2 block-long red br ick s t r u c t u r e s de signed to give Jackson Square a r c h i t e c t u r a l un i ty and provide urban ameni t i es . The bui ld ings combine the monumentality of Greek Revival c i v i c design with the free use of ornamental ironwork t yp i ca l of New Orleans ' Vieux Car re . May 30, 1974.

A Confederate stronghold invested and captured by Union forces led by Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks. Scene of two bloody a s s a u l t s (May 27 and June 14, 1863). In the f i r s t of these a t t a c k s , the 1st and 3rd Native Guards, composed of free Blacks and ex-s laves from Louisiana, suffered heavy l o s s e s . The Ju ly 8, 1863 surrender of Port Hudson gave Union forces possession of the l a s t Confederate s tronghold on the Mis s i s s ipp i . May 30, 1974.

Largest and most complex ceremonial earthworks of i t s kind yet found in North America. June 13, 1962.

PRESBYTERE, THE 713 Char t res S t r e e t New Orleans , Orleans Par i sh c . 1791-1813; Gi lbe r to Guillemard

ST. MARY'S ASSUMPTION CHURCH 2039 Constance Street New Orleans, Orleans Parish 1858

Designed as a companion building to the Cabildo and intended as the parish rectory for St. Louis Cathedral. Construction was begun during the period of Spanish rule. April 15, 1970.

Constructed for German Catholics, the Church's interior and exterior ornamentation make it a striking example of German Baroque architecture. May 30, 1974.

92

Louisiana

ST. PATRICK'S CHURCH 724 Camp Street New Orleans, Orleans Parish 1830s

SAN FRANCISCO PLANTATION HOUSE Louisiana 144 R e s e r v e , S t . J o h n t h e B a p t i s t

P a r i s h 1849-50 (may i n c o r p o r a t e e a r l i e r

c o n s t r u c t i o n )

SHADO«-0N-THE-TECHE E. Main S t r e e t New I b e r i a , I b e r i a P a r i s h 1 8 3 1 - 3 4 ; J a n e s B e d e l l

SHREVEPORT WATERWORKS PUMPING STATION

On C r o s s Bayou, o f f Common S t r e e t E x t e n s i o n

S h r e v e p o r t , Caddo P a r i s h 1880s -1921

I t s e a r l y c o n s t r u c t i o n d a t e , s i z e , and i n t e r i o r d e c o r a t i o n make S t . P a t r i c k ' s one of t h e most n o t e w o r t h y American e x a m p l e s of t h e G o t h i c R e v i v a l s t y l e . May 3 0 , 1974 .

Unique among p l a n t a t i o n h o u s e s f o r i t s f o u n d a t i o n s t r u c t u r e , p l a n , and s i l h o u e t t e . I t s m i x t u r e of a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t y l e s i s domina ted by an immense o r n a t e h i p roo f and b r a c k e t e d c o r n i c e . P a i n t i n g s d e c o r a t e c e i l i n g and d o o r p a n e l s . May 3 0 , 1974.

A s u p e r b example of a p l a n t e r ' s house b e f o r e t h e h e i g h t of a p e r i o d of c o m p e t i t i v e o s t e n t a t i o n , and of t h e a p p l i c a t i o n of Greek R e v i v a l s t y l e t o t h e t r a d i t i o n a l F rench C o l o n i a l house p l a n , r e s u l t i n g i n a house t y p e d i s t i n c t i v e t o L o u i s i a n a . A 2 - s t o r y p o r t i c o e d townhouse made of l o c a l l y f i r e d c o r a l - c o l o r e d b r i c k . May 30 , 1974 .

Not o n l y b u i l d i n g s , b u t a l s o components s u c h a s r e s e r v o i r s , p i p e s , f i l t e r s , b o i l e r s , pumps, and e n g i n e s s u r v i v e a t t h e s t a t i o n . The p h y s i c a l p l a n t and now-unused b u t o p e r a b l e m a c h i n e r y a r e a r a r e example of t h e deve lopmen t of a m u n i c i p a l w a t e r w o r k s from t h e l a t e 19 th c e n t u r y . December 1 7 , 1982.

STATE CAPITOL See LOUISIANA STATE CAPITOL

UNITED STATES OUSTCMHOUSE 423 C a n a l S t r e e t New O r l e a n s , O r l e a n s P a r i s h 1 8 4 8 - 6 2 ; A l e x a n d e r Thompson Wood

L o c a t e d i n a busy p o r t , t h i s Customhouse was a m a j o r o n e . When b u i l t , i t was second o n l y t o t h e U . S . C a p i t o l i n s i z e among American b u i l d i n g s . I t s G e n e r a l B u s i n e s s Room i s a Greek R e v i v a l i n t e r i o r of o r i g i n a l i t y and m o n u m e n t a l i t y . tecember 2 , 1974 .

UNITED STATES MINT, NEW ORLEANS BRANCH

420 E s p l a n a d e Avenue New O r l e a n s , O r l e a n s P a r i s h 1 8 3 5 - 6 1 ; W i l l i a m S t r i c k l a n d

T h i s b r a n c h m i n t i s t h e N a t i o n ' s o l d e s t u n r e c o n s t r u c t e d m i n t i n i t s o r i g i n a l l o c a t i o n . An impos ing c l a s s i c a l - r e v i v a l s t r u c t u r e w i t h columned p o r t i c o , of s t u c c o e d r i v e r - m u d b r i c k w i t h e x t e r i o r g r a n i t e t r i m m i n g . May 1 5 , 1 9 7 5 .

93

Louisiana

USS KIDD Government Street & River

Road near Old State Capitol Baton Rouge, East Baton Rouge

Parish 1943

URSULINE CONVENT 1114 Chart res S t r e e t New Orleans, Orleans Parish 1748-52; Ignace Broutin and Andre

De Batz ( subs t an t i a l l a t e r a l t e r a t i o n s )

VIEUX CARRE HISTORIC DISTRICT New Orleans , Orleans Par ish 18th-19th cen tu r i e s

Representat ive of the F le tcher c l a s s des t royers tha t formed the backbone of U.S. des t royer forces in World War I I . Named for Rear Admiral Isaac C. Kidd, S r . , who was k i l l e d aboard h i s f l agsh ip , USS Arizona, during the a t t ack on Pear l Harbor. She saw ac t ion in the P a c i f i c , and survived a kamikaze a t t ack a t Okinawa. January 14, 1986.

Fines t surviving example of French co lo n ia l publ ic a r c h i t e c t u r e in the U.S. Louis XV in s t y l e , formal and symmetrical, with r e s t r a ined ornament. Constructed for nuns whose mission was to nurse the poor and teach young g i r l s . October 9, 1960.

Known as the "French Quar ter ," t h i s 85-block area almost co inc ides with the o r i g i n a l c i t y p lan , l a id out in 1721. Within the D i s t r i c t are a d i s t i n c t i v e v a r i e t y of a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t y l e s . December 21 , 1965.

WHITE (EDWARD DOUGLASS) HOUSE 5 miles north of Thibodaux Lafourche Par i sh c . 1790

This 1-1/2-story frame house was b i r t h p lace , childhood heme, and e s t a t e of White, Associate and Chief J u s t i c e of the Supreme Court (1894-1921). His g r a a t e s t impact resu l ted from h i s " rule of reason" for the enforcement of the Sherman A n t i t r u s t Act. December 8, 1976.

YUCCA PLANTATION (Melrose) Near i n t e r s e c t i o n of Louisiana 119

and 493 Melrose, Natchitoches Par i sh 18th-19th cen tu r i e s

Establ ished by a former s lave who became a wealthy businesswoman. The African House, a unique s t ruc tu r e with an umbrel la- l ike roof, may be of d i r e c t African d e r i v a t i o n . May 30, 1974.

94

MAINE (23)

BLAINE (JAMES G.) HOUSE Capitol and State streets Augusta, Kennebec County c. 1830

DOW (NEAL) HOUSE 714 Congress Street Portland, Cumberland County 1829

FORT HALIFAX on U.S. 201, west of Winslow Kennebec County 1754

FORT KENT 0.75 mile southwest of Fort Kent

City off Maine 11 Aroostook County 1839-43

FORT KNOX on U.S. 1 near Prospect Waldo County 1844

Republican Blaine was Speaker of the House of Representa t ives , twice a Senator, twice Secretary of S t a t e , and an unsuccessful P re s iden t i a l candidate in 1884. He helped e s t a b l i s h the Pan-American Union in 1890. January 29, 1964.

A leading 19th-century proponent of P roh ib i t ion , Dow was a candidate for the Presidency in 1880 on the Prohib i t ion Party t i c k e t . May 30, 1974.

A defensive outpost during the French and Indian War, the fo r t was b u i l t for p ro tec t ion against Indian r a i d s . The sole remaining s t ruc tu r e i s the o ldes t ex tant example of a log blockhouse in the U.S. November 24, 1968.

Bui l t as a r e s u l t of the dispute between the U.S. and Great Br i t a in over the Canadian boundary, and abandoned a f t e r the signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842), which fixed the boundary l i n e . November 7, 1973.

Constructed a f t e r se t t lement of the Maine boundary d ispute with Canada. Measures 350 by 280 feet and contains a maqazine, bar racks , and other ou tbu i ld ings , December 30, 1970.

FORT WESTERN Bowman S t r e e t Augusta, Kennebec County 1754

GIIJMAN (DANIEL COIT) SUMMER HOME (Over Edge)

Northeast Harbor, Hancock County c . 1880

Constructed as a supply depot for the Br i t i sh Army, j u s t before the French and Indian War. Supplies were assembled a t t h i s base point for American General Benedict Arnold 's march on Quebec in 1775. November 7, 1973.

As the f i r s t p res iden t of Johns Hopkins Univers i ty (1875-1901), Gilman made graduate education a recognized un ive r s i ty respons i b i l i t y . December 21 , 1965.

GOVERNOR'S HOME (National Heme for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers)

Togus, Kennebec County 1866

HAMILTON HOUSE Vaughn's Lane and Old South Road South Berwick, York County 1787-88

Only one o r i g i n a l building remains of the National Home, which has served disabled veterans for more than a century . May 30, 1974.

Col. Jonathan Hamilton, a merchant, b u i l t t h i s 2-1 /2-s tory s t ruc tu r e and occupied i t u n t i l h i s death in 1802. I t i s an example of a large New England frame Georgian country house. December 30, 1970.

95

Maine

HARPSWELL MEETINGHOUSE H a r p s w e l l C e n t e r on Maine 123 9 m i l e s s o u t h of Brunswick Cumberland County 1757-59

S i m p l e , c l a p b o a r d e d , 2 - s t o r y frame s t r u c t u r e , a l i t t l e - a l t e r e d example of a s m a l l New England C o l o n i a l c h u r c h . Used a s a town m e e t i n g h a l l from 1757 t o 1844 . November 2 4 , 1 9 6 8 .

HOMER (WINSLOW) STUDIO Winslow Homer Road P r o u t ' s Neck Scarborough, Cumberland County c. 1870

Converted stable at the edge of the ocean, used as a studio by an artist particularly noted for his seascapes, landscapes, and Civil War paintings. December 21, 1965.

LADY PEPPERRELL HOUSE Maine 103, Kittery Point York County c. 1760

McINTIRE GARRISON HOUSE about 5 miles west of York on Maine 91

York County c. 1609 or 1707

B u i l t by t h e widow of S i r W i l l i a m P e p p e r -r e l l , w e a l t h y b u s i n e s s m a n and m i l i t a r y commander. 2 - s t o r y frame s t r u c t u r e i m i t a t e s t h e E n g l i s h High G e o r g i a n s t y l e . Hipped r o o f , m o d i l l i o n e d c o r n i c e , and g a b l e d c e n t e r p a v i l i o n w i t h 2 - s t o r y I o n i c p i l a s t e r s . O c t o b e r 9 , 1960 .

B u i l t w i t h t h i c k , p r o t e c t i v e w a l l s , t h e house i s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e v e r n a c u l a r l o g a r c h i t e c t u r e w i d e l y u s e d i n New England i n t h e 17 th c e n t u r y a s a d e f e n s e a g a i n s t I n d i a n s . November 2 4 , 1968 .

McLELIAN-SWEAT MANSION 111 High S t r e e t P o r t l a n d , Cumber land County 1800

T h i s 3 - s t o r y b r i c k townhouse e x e m p l i f i e s t h e Fede ra l -Adamesgue s t y l e i n New E n g l a n d . S e m i - c i r c u l a r e n t r a n c e p o r t i c o w i t h D o r i c p i l l a r s and p i l a s t e r s . I n t e r i o r s i n c l u d e Adamesgue woodwork and a f l y i n g s t a i r c a s e . December 3 0 , 1970 .

MORSE-LIBBY MANSION 109 D a n f o r t h S t r e e t P o r t l a n d , Cumberland County 1 8 5 9 - 6 3 ; Henry A u s t i n

L i t t l e - a l t e r e d example of t h e I t a l i a n a t e v i l l a s t y l e , i n a b r i c k and b r o w n s t o n e town h o u s e . I n t e r i o r c o n t a i n s C a r r a r a m a r b l e f i r e p l a c e s and rosewood d o o r s . B u i l t a s a summer home by a New O r l e a n s b u s i n e s s m a n . December 3 0 , 1970 .

NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOIJJNTEER SOLDIERS

See GOVERNOR'S HOME . . .

NICKELS-SORTWELL HOUSE n o r t h e a s t c o r n e r , Main

and F e d e r a l s t r e e t s W i s c a s s e t , L i n c o l n County 1807-08

A 3 - s t o r y , L - shaped townhouse i n t h e Adam-e s q u e - F e d e r a l s t y l e . Crowned by a low h i p r o o f , w i t h an e l a b o r a t e f a cade t h a t combines C o r i n t h i a n p i l a s t e r s , an e l l i p t i c a l f a n l i g h t , and a P a l l a d i a n and a l u n e t t e window. December 3 0 , 1970 .

96

Maine

OLD YORK GAOL 4 Lindsay Road York, York County ca. 1720, 1736, 1763, 1799-1806

OVER EDGE

PEPPERRELL (LADY) HOUSE

REED (THOMAS B.) HOUSE 30-32 Deering S t r e e t Por t land , Cumberland County 1875

ROBINSON (EDWIN ARLINGTON) HOUSE 67 Lincoln Avenue Gardiner, Kennebec County 19th-20th cen tu r i e s

SABBATHDAY LAKE SHAKER VILLAGE Route 26 New Gloucester Androscoggin County 18th-20th c e n t u r i e s

STOWE (HARRIET BEECHER) HOUSE 63 Federal S t r e e t Brunswick, Cumberland County 1807; Samuel Melcher, I II

TATE HOUSE 1270 Westbrook Street Stroudwater, Cumberland County 1755

WALYSWORTH-IXINGFEUrjW HOUSE 487 Congress S t r e e t Por t land, Cumberland County 1786

WICKYUP (Admiral Richard E. Byrd Es ta te )

8 miles nor theas t of E. Sul l ivan Hancock County 1929

Well preserved and rare example of a subs t a n t i a l co lon ia l pr ison bu i ld ing . Served as the York County j a i l beginning ca . 1720, and held p r i soners u n t i l ca . 1879. Bui l t in 4 phases, including cons t ruc t ion of i t s o r i g i n a l s tone c e l l por t ion around 1720. November 24, 1968.

See GILMAN (DANIEL COIT) SUMMER HOME

See LADY PEPPERRELL HOUSE

Residence (1888-1902) of "Czar Reed," powerful Republican Speaker of the U.S. House of Representa t ives who in 1890 reformed House procedures with the "Reed Rules ." May 15, 1975.

The P u l i t z e r Prize-winning poet grew up in t h i s 2 - s to ry white clapboard house and wrote much of h i s poetry h e r e . November 11 , 1971.

Founded in 1783. Unti l r e c e n t l y , one of the l a s t of the Shaker communities. A repre sen ta t ive c o l l e c t i o n of Shaker implements and fu rn i tu re i s housed in the bu i ld ings . May 30, 1974.

Stowe's widely i n f l u e n t i a l indictment of s lavery , Uncle Tom's Cabin, was wr i t t en here in 1851. December 29, 1962.

Buil t for a mast agent for the Royal Navy. Has a symmetrical Georgian facade, and a c l e r e s t o r y gambrel roof tha t i s one of only two ex tan t examples of t h i s once f a i r ly common type . Austere e x t e r i o r and l av i sh i n t e r i o r t r im represent the co lon ia l front i e r economy. November 11 , 1971.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow l ived here from h i s b i r t h in 1807 u n t i l 1843 and composed severa l of h i s best-known poems in t h i s house. December 29, 1962.

DE-DESIGNATED: March 5, 1986. (Or ig inal ly designated August 29, 1970.)

YORK GAOL (OLD) See OLD YORK GAOL

97

Captured from the Japanese by U. S. Marines in 1944, in coordination with the U. S. Army attack on Kwajalein Island. The taking of Kwajalein Atoll allowed American forces to accelerate the schedule for further advances in the Central Pacific during World War II. February 4, 1985.

98

In 1944, U. S. Army amphibious t roops captured Kwajalein and nearby i s lands a f t e r four days of b i t t e r f i gh t i ng , making t h i s the f i r s t Japanese t e r r i t o r y in the Pac i f ic taken by the U. S. Army in b a t t l e in World War I I . Scene of a devas ta t ing land, sea , and a i r bombardment. February 4, 1985.

MARSHALL ISLANDS, REPUBLIC OF THE (2)

KWAJALEIN ISLAND BATTLEFIELD Kwajalein Island Kwajalein Atol l Marshall I s lands 1944

ROI-NAMUR BATTLEFIELD Roi-Namur I s lands Kwajalein Atol l Marshall I s lands 1944

MARYLAND (51)

ACCOKEEK CREEK SITE Accokeek v i c i n i t y Prince Georges County 2000 BC - 1500 AD

ANNAPOLIS (COLONIAL) HISTORIC DISTRICT

Occupied i n t e r m i t t e n t l y from about 2000 BC t h i s s i t e was used by a rcheo log i s t s t o define a c u l t u r e - h i s t o r y seguenoe in p r e h i s t o r i c archeology for the Mid-Atlantic region . Remarkable for i t s va r i e ty and concentra t ion of human occupation s i t e s . Ju ly 19, 1964.

See COLONIAL ANNAPOLIS HISTORIC DISTRICT

BALTIMORE AND OHIO TRANSPORTATION MUSEUM AND MOUNT CLARE STATION

Pratt and Poppleton Streets Baltimore city 1830 (station), 1884 (Roundhouse), 1891 (Annex); Ephriam F. Baldwin

BARTON (CLARA) HOUSE 5801 Oxford Road Glen Echo, Montgomery County c. 1890; Dr. Julian Hubbell

At the Mount Clare Station, regular passenger rail service in the United States was inaugurated in 1830. The Nation's first telegraph message passed through the station in 1844. The Roundhouse contains the historical collections of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. September 15, 1961.

The house in which Clara Barton, the major figure in the founding of the American Red Cross, spent the last 20 years of her life, and which also housed the national headquarters of the organization from 1897 until 1904. January 12, 1965. (Now the Clara Barton National Historic Site.)

BRICE HOUSE 42 East S t r e e t Annapolis, Anne Arundel County 1766-73

BROWN'S (JOHN) HEADQUARTERS

CARROIETON VIADUCT Gwynn's F a l l s near Car ro l l Park Baltimore c i t y 1829; James Lloyd

CASSELMAN'S BRIDGE, NATIONAL ROAD East of Gran t sv i l l e on U.S. 40 Gar re t t County 1813

CHASE-LLOYD HOUSE 22 Maryland Avenue Annapolis, Anne Arundel County 1769-74

CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL, OLD LOCK PUMP HOUSE

A 5-part b r ick Georgian-s tyle dwelling with e labora te i n t e r i o r s a t t r i b u t e d t o William Buckland. Among the most imposing Georgian-e ra bui ld inqs in America for the s imp l i c i t y and sca le of i t s e x t e r i o r . Or ig ina l ly owned by James Br ice , a leader in co lon ia l Annapolis a f f a i r s . April 15, 1970.

See KENNEDY FARM

F i r s t masonry r a i l r o a d bridge e rec ted in the United S t a t e s . Or ig ina l ly b u i l t t o car ry the t r acks of the Baltimore & Ohio Rai l road. November 11 , 1971.

The bridge was pa r t of the e a r l i e s t Federal highway p r o j e c t , the National Road. At completion, i t had the l a r g e s t s tone arch in the United S t a t e s . January 29, 1964.

One of the e a r l i e s t 3-s tory Georgian town-houses e rec ted in the B r i t i s h c o l o n i e s . Much of the i n t e r i o r work was done by William Buckland. Apri l 15, 1970.

See OLD LOCK PUMP HOUSE...

99

Maryland

CHESTERTOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT Bounded roughly by the Chester

River, Cannon S t r e e t , Maple Avenue, and Cross S t r e e t

Chestertown, Kent County 18th century

Flourished between 1750 and 1790 as the chief tobacco— and wheat-shipping por t on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Wealthy merchants and p l a n t e r s constructed the e l a borate br ick Georgian townhouses found in the d i s t r i c t . Apri l 15, 1970.

OTLONIAL ANNAPOLIS HISTORIC DISTRICT

Annapolis, Anne Arundel County 17th-18th cen tu r i e s

LXXK3HOPJIGAN MANOR 8 mi les west of E l l i c o t t City

on Manor Lane Howard County c . 1727

Capi ta l of both the Colony and the S t a t e , and one of the f i r s t planned c i t i e s in colonia l America. Many elements of the o r i g ina l town plan surveyed in 1695, and about 120 18th-century bu i ld ings , remain. June 23, 1965.

Country home of Charles Carro l l of Caro l l ton , a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence and a member of the Continent a l Congress. The Georgian brick p l a n t a t ion house was enlarged and remodeled in the 1830s. November 11, 1971.

ELLICOTT CITY STATION Jus t south of the Patapsco River

Bridge E l l i c o t t Ci ty , Howard County 1830-31

Oldest r a i l r o a d s t a t i o n in the United S t a t e s s t i l l in u s e . Served as the western terminus of the o r i g i n a l 13-mile sec t ion of the Baltimore and Ohio Rai l road. November 24, 1968.

FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH 2-12 W. Franklin S t r ee t Baltimore City 1817-18; Maximilian Godefroy

Represents a depar ture from the l a t e Georgian and e a r l y Neoclassical s t y l e s popular a t the time of i t s cons t ruc t ion . The church ' s design s t r e s s e s the in t e rp lay of geometric forms. February 20, 1972.

FORT FREDERICK Vic in i ty of Big Pool Washington County 1756

The Southern Colonies ' l a rges t 18th-century f r o n t i e r f o r t . I t she l te red some 700 people during the 1763 Pontiac War. Now Fort Frederick S ta te Park. November 7, 1973.

Hjy3RE-DE-VENTURE Rose H i l l Road, near junct ion

with Maryland 225 and 6 Port Tobacco, Charles County 1771

The home (1771-80) of Thomas Stone, a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence for Maryland. A 5-part br ick and frame Georgian s t r u c t u r e . (Central sec t ion burned and gut ted in November 11, 1971. (Became the Thomas Stone National Hi s to r i c S i t e , a un i t of the National Park System, in 1978.)

HAMMCND-HARWCOD HOUSE Maryland Avenue and King George

S t r e e t Annapolis, Anne Arundel County c . 1774; William Buckland

Exemplifies the flowering of American Georgian a r c h i t e c t u r e in i t s refinement of d e t a i l and excel lence of des ign . Symmetrica l br ick bui ld ing has two wings with polygonal bays. The arched fan l igh t doorway, dining room, and ballroom are noted for t h e i r decorat ive carved wcodwork. October 9, 1960.

100

Maryland

HIS LORDSHIP'S KINDNESS 3.5 mi les west of Rosaryvi l le Prince Georges County c . 1735

HOMTWCOD N. Charles and 34th S t r e e t s Baltimore c i t y 1801-03

KENNEDY FARM (John Brown's Headquarters)

Chestnut Grove Road Samples Manor, Washington County

LONDON TOWN PUBLIK HOUSE Northeast of Woodland Beach, at the end of Londontown Road

Anne Arundel County c. 1750

McCOLLUM (ELMER V.) HOUSE 2301 Monticello Road Baltimore city c. 1920

MARYLAND STATEHOUSE Sta te C i rc le Annapolis, Anne Arundel County c . 1772

MENCKEN (H. L.) HOUSE 1524 Hol l ins Road Baltimore c i t y e a r l y 1880s

MINOR BASILICA OF THE ASSUMPTION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY

401 Cathedral S t r e e t Baltimore c i t y 1806-63; Benjamin H. Latrobe

Excellent example of a l a t e Georgian 5-part p l a n t a t i o n house. Bu i l t by the Earl of Shrewsbury as a wedding g i f t for h i s n iece . Apri l 15, 1970.

Charles C a r r o l l , J r . , son of a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence and member of a prominent Maryland family, b u i l t t h i s sophis t i ca ted Federa l - s ty le house, a 5-part composition in br ick with stone t r im. November 11 , 1971.

Appears s u b s t a n t i a l l y as i t did when John Brown, a b o l i t i o n i s t l eade r , planned and led h i s 1859 ra id on the Harpers Ferry armory and arsenal from here . November 7, 1973.

A large Georgian br ick inn which o r i g i n a l l y served a major nor th-south turnpike and the fe r ry cross ing a t South River. Used as a county almshouse (1828-1966). Apri l 15, 1970

Residence of a Johns Hopkins biochemist who discovered Vitamins A, B, and D and out l ined the ro l e s vi tamins play in n u t r i t i o n . January 7, 1976.

The Treaty of P a r i s , ending the Revolutionary War, was r a t i f i e d here by the Continent a l Congress (1784). George Washington o f f i c i a l l y resigned h i s commission as Commander-in-Chief in the Sta tehouse , and the Annapolis Convention net here (1786). December 19, 1960.

This t yp ica l 3 -s tory Baltimore row house was the home of j o u r n a l i s t - e d i t o r Henry Louis Mencken, d is t inguished e s s a y i s t and caus t i c c r i t i c of American soc i e ty , from h i s childhood u n t i l h i s death in 1956. Ju ly 28, 1983.

Latrobe broke with t r a d i t i o n s of American church a r c h i t e c t u r e in designing a Latin Cross plan for t h i s church, and a sophis t i c a t ed system of b a r r e l v a u l t s and shallow domes for i t s i n t e r i o r . Many a l t e r a t i o n s were made in the o r i g i n a l Latrobe design a t cons t ruc t ion , notably the addi t ion of two onion-shaped domes. November 11, 1971.

101

Maryland

MCNOCACY BATTLEFIELD Frederick County 1864

Confederates under Gen. Jubal Early r epu l sed Union t roops comnanded by Gen. Lew Wallace here in Ju ly 1864. Wallace 's t roops delayed E a r l y ' s fo rces , though, giving the Union Army time to prepare a defense of Washington, saving i t from Confederate capt u r e . December 18, 1973. (A large sec t ion became Monocacy National B a t t l e f i e l d in 1976.)

MONTPELIER 2 miles e a s t of Laurel on Md. 197 Prince Georges County c. 1745

Distinguished example of a late Georgian 5-part plantation house, with exceptionally fine interiors. Formal gardens surround the house. April 15, 1970.

MOUNT CLARE Carroll Park, Baltimore City c. 1763

A brick Georgian plantation house, the oldest Colonial structure in the city of Baltimore. Served as quarters for Union soldiers during the Civil War. April 15, 1970.

MOUNT CLARE STATION See BALTIMORE AND OHIO ...

MOUNT ROYAL STATION AND TRAINSHED 1400 Cathedral Street Baltimore city 1894-96; E. Francis Baldwin and Josias Pennington

One of the l a s t gable-roof t ra insheds b u i l t in the United S t a t e s , the Mount Royal S ta t ion i s an exce l l en t example of the blending of engineering and a e s t h e t i c va lues . December 8, 1976.

MOUNT VERNON PLACE HISTORIC DISTRICT

Mount Vernon Place and Washington Place

Baltimore c i t y 19th century

A cross-shaped park containing a monument to George Washington became the focal point of a fashionable r e s i d e n t i a l d i s t r i c t , containing a number of a r c h i t e c t u r a l l y d i s t inguished hemes. November 11, 1971.

NATIONAL ROAD, CASSELMAN'S BRIDGE

See CASSELMAN'S BRIDGE

OLD LOCK PUMP HOUSE, CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL

U.S. 213 Chesapeake Ci ty , Ceci l County 1837

The pump house improved the operat ion of a key sec t ion of the Canal. I t houses two of the o r i g i n a l steam engines and a large scoop wheel. January 12, 1965.

PACA (WILLIAM) HOUSE 186 Prince George S t r ee t Annapolis, Anne Arundel County 1765

Five-par t Pa l l ad i an - s ty l e res idence , home of William Paca, a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence and a member of the S ta te convention tha t r a t i f i e d the U.S. Cons t i tu t ion . November 11, 1971.

PEALE'S BALTIMORE MUSEUM 225 N. Holliday S t r e e t Baltimore c i t y 1814

F i r s t bui ld ing in the United S t a t e s designed and erec ted exc lus ive ly for museum use . Now houses e x h i b i t s covering the h i s to ry of Balt imore. December 21, 1965.

102

Maryland

PHOENIX SHOT TOWER Southeast corner of Fayette and

Front streets Baltimore city 1828

Shot was manufactured by dropping molten lead from this 14-story tower into a vat of cold water. Some one million bags of shot were produced yearly in this way. November 11, 1971.

POE (EDGAR ALLAN) HOUSE 203 Amity Street Baltimore city 19th century

REMSEN (IRA) HOUSE 214 Monument Street Baltimore city 1880s

RESURRECTION MANOR 4 miles east of Hollywood St. Marys County c. 1660

RCW1J1ND (HENRY AUGUST) HOUSE 915 C a t h e d r a l S t r e e t B a l t i m o r e c i t y 1880s

Poe o c c u p i e d t h i s house (1833-35) a t a t ime when h i s s h o r t s t o r i e s were b e g i n n i n g t o a t t r a c t f a v o r a b l e c r i t i c a l a t t e n t i o n . November 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

As r e s e a r c h e r , a s a u t h o r of w i d e l y used c h e m i s t r y t e x t b o o k s , and a s p r e s i d e n t of J o h n s Hopkins U n i v e r s i t y , Remsen was a ma jo r i n f l u e n c e i n American s c i e n c e a t t h e t u r n of t h e c e n t u r y . May 1 5 , 1975 .

Smal l u n r e s t o r e d 1 7 t h - c e n t u r y b r i c k f a r m house l o c a t e d on one of t h e e a r l i e s t m a n o r i a l g r a n t s made i n M a r y l a n d . A p r i l 1 5 , 1970 .

Home of A m e r i c a ' s b e s t - k n o w n and most a c c o m p l i s h e d 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y p h y s i c i s t . May 1 5 , 1975 .

ST. MARYS CITY HISTORIC DISTRICT Bounded by S t . Marys R i v e r ,

S t . I n i g c e s C r e e k , Broome C r e e k , and C h a n c e l l o r ' s Creek

S t . Marys County 1634-95

Capital of the Maryland Colony until 1695 and the third permanent English settlement in America. Foundations of some 60 buildings remain for archeological study. August 4, 1969.

ST. MARY'S SEMINARY CHAPEL 600 N. Paca S t r e e t B a l t i m o r e C i t y 1 8 0 6 - 0 8 ; M a x i m i l i a n Godefroy

SHEPPARD AND ENOCH PRATT HOSPITAL AND GATE HOUSE

C h a r l e s S t r e e t Avenue Towson, B a l t i m o r e County 1 8 6 2 - 9 1 , C a l v e r t Vaux ( h o s p i t a l ) 1860 , Thomas and James M. Dixon

( g a t e h o u s e )

SPACECRAFT MAGNETIC TEST FACILITY Goddard Space F l i g h t C e n t e r G r e e n b e l t , P r i n c e Georges County 1 9 6 6 - p r e s e n t ; N a t i o n a l A e r o n a u t i c s


F i r s t N e o - G o t h i c c h u r c h b u i l t i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . Des igned f o r t h e S u l p i c i a n p r i e s t s of t h e S e m i n a r y . November 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

A l e a d i n g p r i v a t e i n s t i t u t i o n f o r t h e t r e a t m e n t of t h e m e n t a l l y i l l . The h o s p i t a l b u i l d i n g s , d r a m a t i c Norman R e v i v a l s t r u c t u r e s mark an i m p o r t a n t s t a g e i n p s y c h i a t r i c p l a n n i n g b e c a u s e t h e y p r o v i d e f o r s e p a r a t i o n of p a t i e n t s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e n a t u r e of t h e i r i l l n e s s e s . November 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

The o n l y f a c i l i t y of i t s t y p e i n NASA's i n v e n t o r y ; makes i t p o s s i b l e t o d e t e r m i n e and min imize t h e m a g n e t i c movement of even t h e l a r g e s t unmanned s p a c e c r a f t , and t h u s t o m a i n t a i n s a t e l l i t e s i n o r b i t . O c t o b e r 3 , 1 9 8 5 .

103

Maryland

STAR-SPANGLED BANNER FLAG HOUSE 844 E. P r a t t S t r e e t Baltimore c i t y c . 1793

Flag t h a t flew over Fort McHenry during the B r i t i s h a t t ack in 1814 was made here , and inspired Francis Scot t Key's "The Star-Spangled Banner." December 16, 1969.

STATEHOUSE (MARYLAND) See MARYLAND STATEHOUSE

STEWART (PEGGY) HOUSE 207 Hanover Street Annapolis, Anne Arundel County 1764

Named for the wife of the Annapolis merchant who was forced to burn his own ship after being accused of violating the importation ban on British tea in 1774. November 7, 1973.

STONE (THOMAS) HOUSE See HABRE-DE-VENTURE

THOMAS VIADUCT, BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD

Over the Patapsco River between Relay and Elkridge

Baltimore and Howard count ies 1835

One of the o ldes t of the mul t ip le s tone-arched r a i l r o a d bridges and an e a r l y , notable example of r a i l road bridge cons t r u c t i o n in the United S t a t e s . January 28, 1964.

TULIP HILL 2.5 mi les west of Ga lesv i l l e on

Owensville Road Anne Arundel County 1755-56, 1787-90 (wings added)

UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY Maryland Avenue and Hanover S t r ee t Annapolis, Anne Arundel County 1845, Ernest Flagg; 1876 (Waiting

Room), 1881 (Guard House)

An e a r l y Georgian p l a n t a t i o n house, in a 5-part composition. The house measures 135 feet across and i s s e t on a stone basement. Apri l 15, 1970.

The Naval Academy has played a s i g n i f i cant ro le in American naval a f f a i r s , graduating career o f f i ce r s for over a hundred yea r s . Most of the bui ld ings are l a t e French Renaissance in s t y l e . Only a few of the e a r l y bui ld ings s u r v i v e . Ju ly 4, 1961.

U.S.S. CTJNSTELLATION Pie r 1, P r a t t S t r e e t Baltimore c i t y 1797

USS TORSK Pier IV, Pratt Street Baltimore city 1944

Among the longest commissioned vessels in the U.S. Navy, Constellation was the first American ship to engage and defeat an enemy vessel. May 23, 1963.

A World War II Tench class submarine that sank 2 Japanese Coastal Defense Ships on August 14, 1945. Thus, she is credited with firing the last two torpedoes and sinking the last combatant ships of the war. January 14, 1986.

104

Maryland

WELCH (WILLIAM HENRY) HOUSE 935 St. Paul Street Baltimore city 1880s

WEST ST. MARYS MANOR About 1 mile east of Drayton St. Marys County Early 18th century

The hone (1891-1908) of the distinguished Johns Hopkins professor who transformed American medical research and teaching and became known as the dean of American medical science. January 7, 1976.

A rare example of a small William-and-Mary-era brick and frame country house, situated on the St. Marys River, on the earliest grant of land recorded in Maryland. April 15, 1970.

WHITEHALL Off S t . Margare t ' s Road Annapolis, Anne Arundel County c . 1765

Bui l t by Governor Horatio Sharps as a country r e t r e a t . Exhibi ts a very high leve l of q u a l i t y in Georgian design, with notable carved decorat ion in the p r inc ipa l rooms. October 9, 1960.

WYE HOUSE 7 miles northwest of Easton

on Miles Neck Road Talbot County 1781-84, 1799

A manor house b u i l t for Edward Lloyd TV, a wealthy landowner. Nearby i s the Orangerie , with a ra re example of an 18th-century c e n t r a l heat ing system. April 15, 1970.

105

MASSACHUSETTS (145)

ADAMS (JOHN) BIRTHPLACE 133 Franklin Street Ouincy, Norfolk County 1681

ADAMS (JOHN QUTNCY) BIRTHPLACE 141 Franklin Street Ouincy, Norfolk County 1716

AFRICAN MEETING HOUSE 8 Smith Court Boston, Suffolk County 1806

ALCOTT (LOUISA MAY) HOUSE

ALGER (HORATIO) HOUSE

AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY 185 Sa l i sbury S t r e e t Worcester, Worcester County 1910-30

APPLETON (NATHAN) RESIDENCE 39-40 Beacon S t r e e t Boston, Suffolk County 1821

ARNOLD ARBORETUM 22 Divini ty Avenue Boston, Suffolk County c . 1873; Frederick Law Olmsted

ARROWHEAD (Herman Melvi l le House) Holmes Road Pittsfield, Berkshire County 1794

Adams, 1st Vice President and 2nd President of the United States, lived here from his birth until his marriage in 1764. Built in the saltbox style, with much of the original fabric remaining. December 19, 1960. (Now a part of Adams National Historic Site.)

Adams, 6th President of the United States, was bom here in 1767. His father, John Adams, had moved here in 1764 and used one room as a law office for several years. December 19, 1960. (Now part of Adams National Historic Site.)

Brick meeting house, used as the first Black church in Boston. Oldest existing Black church building in the United States. May 30, 1974. (Now in Boston African-American National Historic Site.)

See ORCHARD HOUSE

See THE PARSONAGE

Established in 1812, the third historical society founded in this country. Important depository for early Americana. November 24, 1968.

Residence (1821-61) of the founder of the first textile sales agency, who was the financial and mercantile mind behind the development of the Boston Manufacturing Co., the first modern integrated factory in the United States. December 22, 1977.

Begun as a tree farm for Harvard University. Now a preeminent institution for plant research, with seme 6,000 species of trees and shrubs. January 12, 1965.

Melville, a major American literary figure, wrote Moby Dick while living in this house (1850-63). December 29, 1962.

ARTHUR D. LITTLE, INC., BUILDING

BALDWIN (MARIA) HOUSE 196 Prospect Street Cambridge, Middlesex County 1840s

Home of an outstanding Black educator who established a national reputation as Master of Cambridge's Agassiz School. May 11, 1976.

106

See LITTLE (ARTHUR D.), INC., BUILDING

Massachusetts

BEACON HILL HISTORIC DISTRICT Bounded by Beacon Street, the Charles

River Embankment, and Pinckney, Revere, and Hancock streets

Boston, Suffolk County 18th-19th c e n t u r i e s

BELLAMY (EDWARD) HOUSE 91-93 Church S t r e e t Chicopee F a l l s , Hampden County 19th century

Federal and Greek Revival s t y l e bu i ld ings , some designed by Charles Bulfinch, make t h i s area a r c h i t e c t u r a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t . The area has had many notable r e s i d e n t s , including Edwin Booth and Francis Parkman. December 19, 1962.

Concerned with soc ia l and economic j u s t i c e j o u r n a l i s t Bellamy wrote Looking Backward (1888), descr ib ing a Utopian American soc ie ty of the year 2000. November 11, 1971.

BIRKHOFF (GEORGE D.) HOUSE 22 Craigie S t r ee t Cambridge, Middlesex County 1890s

Residence of the leading American mathematician during the f i r s t guar te r of the 20th century . May 15, 1975.

BOAPJJMAN HOUSE Howard S t r e e t Saugus, Essex County c . 1680

Typical of the 17th-century frame dwell ings constructed by English co lo n i s t s . Much of the o r i g i n a l framework and i n t e r i o r f in ish ing d e t a i l remains. November 5, 1961.

BCGTON ATHENAEUM 10 1/2 Beacon S t r e e t Boston, Suffolk County 1847

Largest of the Nation's early proprietary libraries. Parts of the libraries of George Washington and John Quincy Adams, as well as early pamphlets of historical value, are among the treasures of the Athenaeum. December 21, 1965.

BOSTON CITY HALL (OLD) See OLD CITY HALL

BOSTON COMMON Beacon, Park, Tremont, BoyIston,

and Charles streets Boston, Suffolk County 1634-date

BOSTON LIGHT Little Brewster Island, Boston Harbor

Boston, Suffolk County 1716, 1783 (reconstruction)

Set aside by the city of Boston in 1634, the Common is the oldest public park in the United States. It was a political rallying point and military training field before and during the American Revolution and the Civil War. Became a showplace for public sculpture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Also contains the site of the playing field of the first organized football club in the United States, which began in 1862. February 27, 1987.

Site of the first lighthouse in North America, destroyed by the British in 1776. Reconstructed 89-foot tower is made up of rubble stone, granite, and brick. January 29, 1964.

107

Massachusetts

BOSTON MANUFACTURING COMPANY 144 Moody S t r e e t Waltham, Middlesex County 1813-43

BOSTON NAVAL SHIPYARD East of Chelsea Street, Charlestown Boston, Suffolk County 1800

This manufacturing complex represents the first truly modern factory in the United States. Employing innovative power looms, it signaled the birth of American industrialization and ended U.S. dependency on British technology. It was the technological basis for a fundamental reorganization of the factory system. December 22, 1977.

From 1800 to 1974 the Boston Naval Shipyard functioned as one of the most important shipyards in the United States. It pioneered in inoaern ship construction, and for more than a century manufactured most of the Navy's rope. November 13, 1966. (Parts of the shipyard are included in Boston National Historical Park.)

BOSTON PUBLIC GARDENS Beacon, Charles, Boylston, and Arlington streets

Boston, Suffolk County 1839, 1859; John Cadness, George V. Meacham

BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY Copley Square Boston, Suffolk County 1888; McKim, Mead and White

ECWDITCH (NATHANIEL) HOME North Street Salem, Essex County Early 19th century

BRANDEIS (LOUIS) HOUSE Neck Lane, off Cedar Street Chatham, Barnstable County 20th century

The first public botanical garden in the United States. Adjacent to the Boston Common, it was landscaped during the 1860s and retains its French Second Empire character. It has become a repository of important outdoor sculpture, and is well-known for the Swan Boats that have sailed in its pond since 1877. February 27, 1987.

The first outstanding example of Renaissance Beaux-Arts Classicism in America. Set the precedent for grand-scale urban libraries. Consists of a 3-story, monumental free-standing block in the style of an Italian Renaissance Palace surrounding an open courtyard. February 24, 1986.

Bowditch effected great advances in navigation and helped bring European mathematics to America. January 12, 1965.

Brandeis was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1916 by President Wilson. He often stood with Justice Holmes against the Court majority. November 28, 1972.

108

Massachusetts

BRIDGMAN (PERCY W.) HOUSE 10 Buckingham Place Cambridge, Middlesex County c. 1920

BROOK FARM 670 Baker Street West Roxbury Boston, Suffolk County 1841

BRYANT (WILLIAM CULLEN) HOMESTEAD 2 miles from Cummington Hampshire County 1783

BUCKMAN TAVERN Hancock S t r e e t , e a s t s ide of

Lexington Green Lexington, Middlesex County c . 1690

BUNKER HILL MONUMENT Breed 's H i l l , Charlestown Boston, Suffolk County 1825-42; Solomon Willard

Home of the d i s t ingu ished teacher and phys i c i s t who received the 1946 Nobel Prize for h i s invention of an apparatus for obtaining very high p res su res , and for h i s d i scover ies in the f i e ld of high-pressure phys ics . May 15, 1975.

Utopian community founded to promote the New England Transcenden ta l i s t s ' ideal of "plain l iv ing and high th inking ." Ralph Waldo Emerson and Nathaniel Hawthorne were connected with the farm. Ju le 23, 1965.

Poet and c r i t i c Bryant l ived here u n t i l e a r l y manhood, and made h i s summer residence here in the l a t e r years of h i s l i f e . He composed some of h i s best-known poems in t h i s house. December 29, 1962.

Oldest of the Lexington h o s t e l r i e s , named for p rop r i e to r John Buckman, a member of the Lexington Company of Minute Men. Served as a gather ing place for them when they t ra ined on the Green. January 20, 1961.

Four-acre park containing a 220-foot g ran i t e obel isk t h a t commemorates the Ba t t l e of Bunker Hi l l (June 17, 1775). January 20, 1961. (Included in Boston National H i s to r i ca l Park.)

CAPEN (PARSON) HOUSE Hewlett S t r e e t Topsf ie ld , Essex County 1683

One of the best examples of English Colonial dwellings in the United S t a t e s . Gable-roofed, with an oak frame r i s i n g 2 s t o r i e s and a clapboard e x t e r i o r . October 9, 1960.

CEESTERWOOD See FRENCH (DANIEL CHESTER) HOME AND STUDIO

CHRIST CHURCH Garden S t r e e t Cambridge, Middlesex County 1759-61; Pe ter Harrison

CITY HALL (Old Boston)

One of the f i ne s t surviving 18th-century r e l i g i o u s bui ld ings in the New England co lon ie s . Designed as a t yp ica l Anglican church, with focus on the a l t a r . October 9, 1960.

See OLD CITY HALL

109

Massachusetts

COFFIN (JETHRO) HOUSE Sunset Hill Nantucket, Nantucket County c. 1686

COLE'S HILL Carver S t r e e t , Plymouth Plymouth County 1620

COUNT RUMFORD BIRTHPLACE

CPAIGIE-LCNGFELLOW HOUSE

A 1-1/2-story frame dwelling with a big c e n t r a l chimney and four large f i r e p laces , the Coffin House i s a res tored example of a 17th-century New England sal tbox house. November 24, 1968.

Burial place of the colonists who died in the first winter of settlement. Nearby is Plymouth Rock, legendary Pilgrim landing site. October 9, 1960.

See RUMFORD (COUNT) BIRTHPLACE

See LONGFELLOW HOUSE

CRANE AND COMPANY OLD STONE MILL RAG ROOM

Dalton, Berkshire County c. 1844; Zenas Crane

CUFFE (PAUL) FARM 1504 Drift Road Westport, Bristol County c. 1797

CUSHING (CALEB) HOUSE 98 High Street Newburyport, Essex County 19th century

DALY (REGINALD A.) HOUSE 23 Hawthorn Street Cambridge, Middlesex County 1880s

DAVIS (WILLIAM M.) HOUSE 17 Francis Avenue Cambridge, Middlesex County 1880

DEERFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT

This structure represents the oldest paper manufactory in continuous operation at one site, and outstandingly documents the early development of the American paper industry through the 1800s into the 20th century. May 4, 1983.

Cuffe, a self-educated Black man who became a prosperous merchant, pioneered in the struggle for minority rights in the 18th and early 19th centuries and was active in the movement for Black resettlement in Africa. May 30, 1974.

Home of the diplomat who negotiated a treaty with China in 1844 which gave the United States major diplomatic and trade privileges. November 7, 1973.

Home of a 20th-century Harvard geolog i s t who inves t iga ted the e n t i r e spectrum geology and who enjoyed an i n t e rna t i ona l r epu t a t i on . January 7, 1976.

Residence of an outstanding Harvard geologis t and geographer whose work, in the l a t e 19th and e a r l y 20th cent u r i e s on the forces tha t shape the ea r th e s t ab l i shed the d i s c i p l i n e of qeomorphology. January 7, 1976.

See OLD DEERFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT

DERBY SUMMERHOUSE Glen Magna E s t a t e , Inge r so l l S t r ee t Danvers, Essex County 1792-93; Samuel Mclntire

Rare American example of a formal 18th-century garden house; designed in the Federal s t y l e , with Adamesque decora t ion . November 24, 1968.

110

Massachusetts

DICKINSON (EMILY) HOME 280 Main Street Amherst, Hampshire County 1813

DUBOIS (W. E. B.) BOYHOOD HOMESITE Route 23 Great Barrington, Berkshire County 1868

ELMWOOD Elmwood Avenue Cambridge, Middlesex County 1766

An important poet, Emily Dickinson made this house her home for her entire life (1830-86), living in partial seclusion and writing poetry. December 29, 1962.

Site of the boyhood home of the prominent sociologist and writer, who was a major figure in the Black civil rights movement during the first half of the 20th century. May 11, 1976.

Occupied by James Russell Lowell, noted writer, editor, and Harvard professor, from his birth in 1819 until his death in 1891. December 29, 1962.

EMERSON (RALPH VIALDO) HOME Lexington Road and Cambridge Turnpike Concord, Middlesex County 1835

ETHER DOME, M7V3SACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL

Fruit Street Boston, Suffolk County 1818; Charles Bulfinch

Emerson, poet , e s s a y i s t , and l e c t u r e r , occupied t h i s square frame house from 1835 u n t i l h i s death in 1882. December 29, 1962.

The f i r s t publ ic ized use of e t h e r as a surg ica l anes the t i c took place here in 1846. January 12, 1965.

FAIRBANKS HOUSE Eastern Avenue and East S t r ee t Dedham, Norfolk County c. 1636

Typical of the "growing house," a type of dwelling to which the owner added as his family increased. One of the oldest frame dwellings in the United States. October 9, 1960.

FAIRSTEAD See OLMSTED HOUSE

FANEUIL HALL Dock Square Boston, Suffolk County 1740-42, John Smibert; remodeled

and enlarged, 1805-06, Charles Bulfinch

FESSENDEN (REGINALD A.) HOUSE 45 Waban Hill Road Newton, Middlesex County 1919

Given to the city by Peter Faneuil in 1740, Faneuil Hall, with its market and meeting hall, served as a focal point of Colonial protest against British rule and later as a center for the abolition movement in Boston. October 9, 1960. (Included in Boston National Historical Park.)

Residence of the multifaceted inventor who was first to broadcast the human voice and who made other major contributions to the development of radio. January 7, 1976.

Ill

Massachusetts

FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST, LANCASTER facing the Common Lancaster , Worcester County 1816; Charles Bulfinch

FIRST HARRISON GRAY OTIS HOUSE 141 Cambridge S t r e e t Boston, Suffolk County 1795-96; Charles Bulfinch

FLYING HORSES CAROUSEL 33 Oak Bluffs Avenue Oak Bluffs , Dukes County ca . 1876-78; Charles W.F.

Dare Co.

FORBES (CAPT. R. B.) HOUSE 215 Adams S t r e e t Milton, Norfolk County 1833; I sa i ah Rogers

Probably the f i n e s t of Bul f inch ' s e x i s t ing New England churches. Noteworthy e x t e r i o r f ea tu res include the 2-stage front tower with a wcoden cupola and a g i an t arcaded p o r t i c o . December 30, 1970.

Bui l t for a lawyer and p o l i t i c i a n who was mayor of Boston. The second-floor drawing room has a low dado, f ine ly de t a i l ed corn ice , and mantels with Adamesque f r i e z e s . December 30, 1970.

The o ldes t operat ing platform carousel in the United S t a t e s and may be the o ldes t carousel of any type in the country. I s one of two surviving examples of the work of the Charles W.F. Dare Company, a major carousel manufact u r e r , and has been in the community s ince 1884. February 27, 1987.

Chinese furnishings in t h i s 3-story Greek Revival house r e f l e c t the c a p t a i n ' s f inanc ia l success in the 19th-century China t r a d e . November 13, 1966.

FORT WARREN Georges Island, Boston Harbor Suffolk County 1834-63

A bastioned s t a r f o r t with outer wal ls 8 feet t h i c k . Served as a pr i son for Confederate leaders and o f f i c e r s during the Civ i l War. August 29, 1970.

FOSTER HOUSE See LIBERTY FARM

FRENCH (DANIEL CHESTER) HOME AND STUDIO (CHESTERWOOD)

2 miles west of Stockbridge Berkshire County 1900-01; Henry Bacon

FRUITLANDS Prospect H i l l Harvard, Worcester County l a t e 18th century

FULLER (MARGARET) HOUSE 71 Cherry S t r e e t Cambridge, Middlesex County 1806-07

French sculpted the Minute Man s ta tue in Concord and the seated f igure of Lincoln in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. December 21 , 1965.

A modest farmhouse which served as the home for Bronson A l c o t t ' s "New Eden," an experiment in communal l i v i n g . May 30, 1974.

Fu l l e r (1810-50), a 19th-century w r i t e r , t eacher , i n t e l l e c t u a l , and r e former, was born, and l ived here u n t i l 1826. Her Woman in the Nineteenth Century has been ca l led "the f i r s t cons idered statement of feminism in t h i s count ry ." May 30, 1974.

112

M a s s a c h u s e t t s

GARDNER-PINGREE HOUSE 128 Essex S t r e e t Sa l em, E s s e x County 1 8 0 4 - 0 5 ; Samuel M c l n t i r e

T h i s t h r e e - s t o r y b r i c k townhouse w i t h a h i p p e d r o o f , i n t h e Adamesque -Fede ra l s t y l e , i s g e n e r a l l y c o n s i d e r e d M c l n t i r e ' s m a s t e r p i e c e . B u i l t f o r Salem m e r c h a n t John G a r d n e r . December 3 0 , 1970 .

GARRISON (WILLIAM LLOYD) HOUSE 125 H i g h l a n d S t r e e t , Roxbury B o s t o n , S u f f o l k County 1864

G a r r i s o n , a d e d i c a t e d a b o l i t i o n i s t , a d v o c a t e d an immedia te end t o s l a v e r y i n h i s w r i t i n g s and l e c t u r e s . He l i v e d h e r e from 1864 t o 1879. June 2 3 , 1965 .

GLOVER (GENERAL JOHN) HOUSE 11 G l o v e r S t r e e t M a r b l e h e a d , E s s e x County 1762

From 1762 t o 1782, t h i s 2 - s t o r y frame house was t h e home of G l o v e r , a b r i g a d i e r g e n e r a l i n t h e C o n t i n e n t a l Army and a w e l l - t o - d o m e r c h a n t . November 2 8 , 1972 .

GODDARD ROCKET LAUNCHING SITE (Pakachoag H i l l )

Pakachoag Golf C o u r s e , Pakachoag Road Auburn v i c i n i t y , W o r c e s t e r County 1926

Dr . R o b e r t H. Goddard l a u n c h e d t h e w o r l d ' s f i r s t l i q u i d - p r c p e l l a n t r o c k e t h e r e , s e t t i n g t h e c o u r s e f o r f u t u r e d e v e l o p m e n t s i n r o c k e t r y . November 1 3 , 1966.

GORE PLACE 52 Gore S t r e e t Waltham, M i d d l e s e x County 1 8 0 5 - 0 6 ; J a c q u e s Gu i l l aume Legrand

Notewor thy example of a 5 - p a r t F e d e r a l h o u s e . E l a b o r a t e l y c a r v e d i n t e r i o r m a n t e l s c o n t r a s t w i t h s i m p l e r woodwork. December 3 0 , 1970.

GCUGH (JOHN B. ) HOUSE 215 Main S t r e e t B o y l s t o n , W o r c e s t e r County c . 1848

GRAY (ASA) HOUSE 88 Garden S t r e e t C a m b r i d g e , M i d d l e s e x County 1810

HAMILTON HALL 9 Cambridge S t r e e t Sa l em, E s s e x County 1 8 0 6 - 0 7 ; Samuel M c l n t i r e

Gough, h i m s e l f a r e fo rmed d r u n k a r d , was a famed t empe rance o r a t o r i n t h e 1 8 5 0 s . He l i v e d i n t h i s 2 - s t o r y frame house from 1848 t o 1886 . May 3 0 , 1974 .

Gray was one of A m e r i c a ' s g r e a t e s t b o t a n i s t s . H i s w r i t i n g s l a u n c h e d t h e s t u d y of p l a n t g e o g r a p h y . J a n u a r y 1 2 , 1965.

When p o l i t i c a l d i f f e r e n c e s be tween F e d e r a l i s t s and R e p u b l i c a n s s p l i t t h e Salem A s s e m b l i e s i n 1805 , t h e F e d e r a l i s t s e r e c t e d t h i s 3 - s t o r y b r i c k b u i l d i n g t o house t h e i r s o c i a l a c t i v i t i e s . I t i s a d i s t i n g u i s h e d example of a F e d e r a l -Adamesque p u b l i c b u i l d i n g . December 3 0 , 1970 .

HANCCCK-CLARKE HOUSE 35 Hancock S t r e e t L e x i n g t o n , M i d d l e s e x County 1698 , 1734 ( a d d i t i o n )

J o h n Hancock , R e v o l u t i o n a r y s t a t e s m a n and s i g n e r of t h e D e c l a r a t i o n of I n d e p e n d e n c e , l i v e d h e r e a s a b o y , from 1744 t o 1750 . J u l y 1 7 , 1 9 7 1 .

113

Massachusetts

HANCOCK SHAKER VILLAGE U . S . 2 0 , 5 m i l e s s o u t h of

P i t t s f i e l d B e r k s h i r e County 1790-1960

HARDING (CHESTER) HOUSE 16 Beacon S t r e e t B o s t o n , S u f f o l k County 1808

HARVARD STADIUM 60 N. H a r v a r d S t r e e t B o s t o n , S u f f o l k County 1 9 0 3 ; C h a r l e s F . McKim

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, MASSACHUSETTS HALL

T h i s communi ty , o r g a n i z e d i n 1790 and d i s s o l v e d i n 1960 , r e a c h e d i t s h i g h p o i n t e a r l y i n t h e 19 th c e n t u r y . E i g h t e e n w e l l - p r e s e r ved b u i l d i n g s r e m a i n , i n c l u d i n g a s t r u c t u r e b e l i e v e d t o be t h e f i r s t round b a r n b u i l t i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . November 2 4 , 1968 .

Hard ing was one of A m e r i c a ' s n o t a b l e p o r t r a i t p a i n t e r s i n t h e f o u r d e c a d e s b e f o r e h i s d e a t h i n 1866 . He o c c u p i e d t h i s 4 - s t o r y b r i c k r e s i d e n c e i n 1 8 2 7 - 2 9 . December 2 1 , 1 9 6 5 .

T h e f F i r s t c o l l e g e s t a d i u m i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , i t i s a l s o t h e e a r l i e s t e x t a n t . Became a p r o t o t y p e f o r t h e d e s i g n of o t h e r c o l l e g e s t a d i u m s b e c a u s e of i t s d e s i g n and m u l t i - p u r p o s e u s e . A p i o n e e r i n g example of t h e u s e of r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e , a t t h e t ime of i t s c o m p l e t i o n i t was t h e l a r g e s t s t r u c t u r e of t h a t m a t e r i a l i n t h e w o r l d . A l s o r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e e a r l y Ha rva rd c o a c h e s and t e a m s , who p l a y e d a m a j o r r o l e i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of i n t e r c o l l e g i a t e f o o t b a l l . F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1 9 8 7 .

See MASSACHUSETTS HALL

HARVARD UNrVERSITY, MEMORIAL HALL

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, SEVER HALL

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITY HALL

See MEMORIAL HALL

See SEVER HALL

See UNIVERSITY HALL

HASTINGS (OLIVER) HOUSE 101 B r a t t l e S t r e e t C a m b r i d g e , M i d d l e s e x County 1844-45

HFArrjUARTERS HOUSE

HOLMES (OLIVER WENDELL) HOUSE 868 Hale S t r e e t B e v e r l y , Essex County 1875-80

A s u p e r b example of a frame Greek R e v i v a l r e s i d e n c e , w i t h c u r v e d b a y s , e l a b o r a t e c a s t -i r o n b a l c o n i e s , and a h i p p e d roo f crowned by a m o n i t o r . Home of a Bos ton m e r c h a n t . December 3 0 , 1970 .

See PRESCOTT (WILLIAM H. ) HOUSE

A 2 - 1 / 2 - s t o r y V i c t o r i a n c l a p b o a r d h o u s e , u s e d a s a summer home by t h e Supreme C o u r t J u s t i c e . Holmes ' e l o q u e n t m i n o r i t y o p i n i o n s e a r n e d him t h e t i t l e "The G r e a t D i s s e n t e r . " November 2 8 , 1972 .

114

Massachusetts

HOWE (SAMUEL GRIDLEY AND JULIA WARD) HOUSE

13 Chestnut S t r e e t Boston, Suffolk County c . 1804-05

HOWELLS (WILLIAM DEAN) HOUSE

While the Howes l ived here (1863-66), they were key f igures in Boston abo l i t i o n i s t c i r c l e s , and pursued other reform and humanitarian i n t e r e s t s . May 30, 1974.

See RED TOP

KENNEDY (JOHN F.) BIRTHPLACE 83 Beals S t r e e t Brookline, Norfolk County c . 1908, 1917-1921

KENNEDY COMPOUND Irving and Marchant avenues Hyannisport, Barnstable County 20th century

The 35th President of the United S t a t e s was born and spent h i s infancy he re , in a house tha t h i s fa ther purchased in 1914 and sold in 1921. Ju ly 19, 1964. (Now in the National Park System as the John F i tzgera ld Kennedy National Hi s to r i c S i t e . )

Six acres of waterfront proper ty , conta in ing severa l Kennedy summer and vacat ion res idences . One of them served as John F. Kennedy's Summer White House. November 28, 1972.

KING'S CHAPEL Tremont and School s t r e e t s Boston, Suffolk County 1749-54; Peter Harrison

LEE (JEREMIAH) HOUSE Washington S t r e e t Marblehead, Essex County 1768

LEXINCTTON GREEN Massachusetts and Hancock s t r e e t s Lexington, Middlesex County 1775

LIBERTY FARM (Foster House) 116 Mower S t r e e t Worcester, Worcester County c. 1810

LINCOLN (GENERAL BENJAMIN) HOUSE 181 North S t r e e t Hingham, Plymouth County 18th-19th c e n t u r i e s

An exce l l en t example of Georgian church a r c h i t e c t u r e . In 1785 the chapel became the f i r s t Uni tar ian church in the United S t a t e s . October 9, 1960.

Exemplifies the wealth and pos i t ion of an 18th-century New England merchant. Central s t a i r h a l l fea tures a r i c h l y decorated 8-foot-wide s t a i r c a s e . October 9, 1960.

On Apri l 19, 1775, a skirmish here between the Minute Men and B r i t i s h forces i n i t i a t e d the Revolutionary War. January 20, 1961.

Abigail Kelly and her husband, Stephen Symonds Fos te r , were ac t ive in the a n t i -s lavery and women's suffrage movements. In the 1870s, they withheld taxes on Liber ty Farm to p r o t e s t Abigail Ke l ly ' s i n a b i l i t y t o vo te . The couple l ived in t h i s red brick house from 1847 to 1881. May 30, 1974.

Two-story frame dwel l ing, home of a major general of the Continental Army. He surrendered a P a t r i o t army to the B r i t i s h a t Charleston, S.C. in 1780 and accepted the B r i t i s h surrender a t Yorktown, VA, in 1781. November 28, 1972.

115

Massachusetts

LITTLE (ARTHUR D. ) , INC., BUILDING 30 Memorial Drive Cambridge, Middlesex County 1917

LODGE (HENRY CABOT) RESIDENCE 5 Cl i f f S t r e e t Nahant, Essex County 19th century

Arthur D. L i t t l e , I n c . , i s the f i r s t and most successful independent consul t ing labora tory known for numerous con t r ibu t ions t o science and engineer ing . December 8, 1976.

Lifelong residence (1850-1924) of Lodge, one of the most i n f l u e n t i a l congressional spokesmen on foreign a f f a i r s from 1887 t o 1924. Advocate of the " large pol icy"— modernizing the Navy, acquir ing t e r r i t o r i e s , and bui lding the Panama Canal. December 8, 1976.

ITJNGFELLOW HOUSE (Cra ig ie -Longfellow House)

105 B r a t t l e S t r e e t Cambridge, Middlesex County 1759; John Vassal l

LONG WHARF AND CUSTOM HOUSE BLOCK Foot of S ta te S t r e e t Boston, Suffolk County 1710-21, 1857, 1848;

Ol iver Noyes (wharf)

Home of Henry Wadworth Longfellow from 1837 to 1882. In h i s day, he was widely regarded as America's g r e a t e s t poet . December 29, 1962. (Now within the National Park System as the Longfellow National Hi s to r i c S i t e . )

Commemorates the mercant i le h i s t o r y of Boston, one of America's major p o r t s . The o r ig ina l Long Wharf (1710-21) was the c i t y ' s bus i e s t p i e r for many yea r s . Customhouse Block (1848), a massive g r a n i t e s t r u c t u r e , was b u i l t during Boston 's commercial zen i th . November 13, 1966.

LOWELL (JAMES RUSSELL) HOME See EIMWCOD

LOWELL LOCKS AND CANALS HISTORIC DISTRICT

Lowell, Middlesex County 1796-1848

The canal system led to the supremacy of Lowell as the cotton textile manufacturing center of the United States, and contributed to the evolution of the first major American industrial city. Contains virtually unaltered waterways, mills and machinery. December 22, 1977. (A major part of the District became part of Lowell National Historical Park in 1978.)

LYMAN (THEODORE) ESTATE See VALE, THE

MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL Fruit Street Boston, Suffolk County 1818-23, Charles Bulfinch;

1844-46, George Ferkins

MASSACHUSETTS HALL, HARVARD UNIVERSITY

Harvard University Yard Cambridge, Middlesex County 1718-20; John Leverett, Benjamin Wadsworth

A rare major example of a large early 19th-century city hospital. Nearly doubled in size in the 1840s, the original building is used for research. December 30, 1970.

Oldest surviving building of America's oldest institution of higher learning, established in 1636. October 9, 1960.

116

Massachusetts

MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY 1154 Boylston Street Boston, Suffolk County 1899

MASSACHUSETTS STATEHOUSE Beacon Hill Boston, Suffolk County 1789; Charles Bulfinch

MELVILLE (HERMAN) HOUSE

MEMORIAL HALL, HARVARD UNIVERSITY Cambridge and Quincy s t r e e t s Cambridge, Middlesex County 1870-78; William Robert Ware

and Henry Van Brunt

MINOT (GEORGE R.) HOUSE 71 Sears Road Brookline, Middlesex County 1920s

MISSION HOUSE Main Street Stockbridge, Berkshire County 1739

MOUNT, THE (Edith Wharton Esta te) south of Lenox on U.S. 7 Berkshire County 1901-02

IIANTUCKET HISTORIC DISTRICT Nantucket Is land Nantucket County c . 1700-1874

NELL (WILLIAM C.) RESIDENCE 3 Smith Court Boston, Suffolk County c . 1800

The o ldes t such soc ie ty in the U. S . , founded in 1791, i t has notable manuscript c o l l e c t i ons and pub l i ca t ions programs. The Society moved in to t h i s bui lding in 1899. December 21 , 1965.

The sea t of Massachusetts ' government since i t s completion. Also a s ign i f i can t example of Federal a r c h i t e c t u r e . December 19, 1960.

See ARROWHEAD

One of the boldest and most o r i g i n a l examples of a publ ic bui lding in the U.S. in the mature High Vic tor ian Gothic s t y l e . Bui l t as a memorial t o Harvard's Civi l War dead. December 30, 1970.

Home of the d is t inguished phys io log is t and co-winner of the Nobel Prize in medicine and physiology for h i s 1926 discovery of a cure for pern ic ious anemia. January 7, 1976.

A 2-1 /2-s tory frame s t r u c t u r e , e rec ted by a missionary for use both as a home for h i s bride and as a place to meet with Native American conver t s . November 24, 1968.

Some of the P u l i t z e r Prize-winning n o v e l i s t ' s bes t works were wr i t t en he re , including Ethan Frome, s e t in a r u r a l New England area s imi la r t o Lenox. November 11, 1971.

The American whaling industry o r ig ina ted here , and the town of Nantucket remained the leading American whaling port u n t i l the 1840s. A number of houses on Main S t r e e t were b u i l t by wealthy whale-oi l merchants during t h a t per iod . November 13, 1966.

Home of William C. Nel l , from the 1830s to the end of the Civ i l War a leading Black a b o l i t i o n i s t and spokesman for c i v i l r i g h t s . May 11 , 1976.

117

Massachusetts

NEW BEDFORD HISTORIC DISTRICT Bounded by the water f ront , Elm

S t r e e t , Acushnet Avenue, and Commercial S t r e e t

New Bedford, B r i s t o l County 18th-19th cen tu r i e s

New Bedford's growth as a whaling por t began s h o r t l y a f t e r the town was e s t ab l i shed in the e a r l y 1760s. In the 1840s, New Bedford superseded Nantucket as the most important U. S. whaling p o r t . The wealth produced by whaling i s evident in the s t r u c t u r e s in the h i s t o r i c d i s t r i c t . November 13, 1966.

NORFOLK COUNTY COURTHOUSE 650 High S t r e e t Dedham, Norfolk County 1827

Scene of the Sacco-Vanzetti t r i a l (1920), symbolic of the controversy aroused by fear of communism in the post-World War I e r a . November 28, 1972.

OLD CITY HALL (Boston) School and Providence s t r e e t s Boston, Suffolk County 1862-65; Bryant and Gilman

One of the f i r s t major s t r u c t u r e s in the French Second Empire s t y l e in the U. S . , a monumentally scaled 4-s tory g ran i t e bu i ld ing . I t s success cont r ibuted t o the popula r i ty of Second Empire-style publ ic bui ld ings throughout the nat ion in the 1870s and 80s. December 30, 1970.

OLD DEERFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT Deerf ie ld , Franklin County c . 1670

An e a r l y outpost of New England's nor thwestern f r o n t i e r , Deerfield was l a id out in 1666 and s e t t l e d a few years l a t e r . I t was a t tacked and destroyed severa l times during French and Indian r a i d s . Now r e s tored t o i t s co lon ia l appearance. October 9, 1960.

OLD MANSE Monument S t r e e t Concord, Middlesex County c . 1749

Clapboard dwelling constructed by Ralph Waldo Emerson's grandfa ther . Both Emerson and Nathaniel Hawthorne l ived he re , a t d i f f e r en t t imes . December 29, 1962.

OLD NORTH CHURCH (Chris t Church Episcopal)

193 Salem S t r e e t Boston, Suffolk County 1723-40

Bui l t according to Christopher Wren's English church des igns , t h i s Georgian church became famous on Apri l 18, 1775, when p a t r i o t s waved l an t e rns from i t s be l f ry to warn t h e i r compatriots across the Charles River tha t the B r i t i s h were advancing toward Lexington and Concord. January 20, 1961. (Included in Boston National H i s t o r i c a l Park.)

OLD SHIP MEETINGHOUSE Main S t r e e t Hingham, Plymouth County 1681

One of the o ldes t English co lon ia l houses of worship standing in the United S t a t e s . The name der ives from the curved timbers support ing the roof, which resemble an inverted s h i p ' s h u l l . October 9, 1960.

118

Massachusetts

OLD SOUTH CHURCH IN BOSTON (New Old South Church)

645 Boylston S t r e e t Boston, Suffolk County 1874-75; Cunnungs and Sears

OLD SOUTH MEETING HOUSE Milk and Washington s t r e e t s Boston, Suffolk County 1729-30

Among the f i ne s t examples of High Victor ian Gothic e c c l e s i a s t i c a l a r c h i t e c t u r e in New England. Two-story masonry bui lding designed in a cruciform plan, and i s modeled a f t e r North I t a l i a n Gothic churches. Gable-end windows have e labora te Gothic t r a c e r y . December 30, 1970.

This Georgian building was the scene of numerous pre-Revolutionary War p r o t e s t meetings, one of which preceded the Boston Tea Party (December 16, 1773). October 9, 1960. (Included in Boston National H i s to r i ca l Park.)

OLD STATE HOUSE Washington and Sta te s t r e e t s Boston, Suffolk County 1748

An exce l l en t example of l a t e Georgian a r c h i t e c t u r e , the Old S ta te House served i t s intended function from 1776 to 1798. From 1830 to 1840, i t was the Boston c i t y h a l l . October 9, 1960. (Included in Boston National H i s to r i ca l Park.)

OLD WEST CHURCH 131 Cambridge S t r ee t Boston, Suffolk County 1806; Asher Benjamin

OLMSTED (FREDERICK LAW) HOUSE (Fa i r s tead)

99 Warren S t r e e t Brookline, Norfolk County 1810

An e a r l y example of a monumentally scaled church in the Federal-Adamesque s t y l e , s t i l l considered one of Asher Benjamin's f i n e s t churches. Became the prototype for many o the r New England churches through pub l ica t ion of plans in Benjamin's The American Bu i lde r ' s Companion. December 30, 1970.

Pioneer landscape a r c h i t e c t Olmsted developed New York's Central Park, planned some 80 other urban parks , and was involved in numerous p rese rva t ion p r o j e c t s . May 23, 1963. (Became the Frederick Law Olmsted National Hi s to r i c S i te in 1979.)

ORCHARD HOUSE (Alcott House) Lexington Road Concord, Middlesex County Mid-19th century

Home of Bronson Alco t t , American Transcen-d e n t a l i s t and educator , and h i s daughter, author Louisa May Alco t t , who wrote par t of L i t t l e Women while l i v ing here . December 29, 1962.

OTIS (FIRST HARRISON GRAY) HOUSE

PAKACHOAG HILL

See FIRST HARRISON GRAY OTIS HOUSE

See GODDARD ROCKET LAUNCHING SITE

PARKMAN (FRANCIS) HOUSE 50 Chestnut S t r e e t Boston, Suffolk County 1824

His tor ian Parkman was one of severa l prominent people who l ived on Beacon Hi l l in the 19th century . He occupied t h i s e a r l y Federal house during h i s most productive yea r s . December 29, 1962.

119

Massachusetts

PARSON CAPEN HOUSE

PARSONAGE, THE (Horatio Alger House)

16 Pleasant S t r e e t Natick, Middlesex County c . 1820

See CAPEN (PARSON) HOUSE

Alger, a min i s t e r and the author of the popular r a g s - t o - r i c h e s books, spent h i s summers in t h i s white clapboard parsonage. November 11, 1971.

PEABODY MUSEUM OF SALEM 161 Essex S t r ee t Salem, Essex County 1825

PEIRCE-NICHOLS HOUSE 80 Federal S t r e e t Salem, Essex County 1782; Samuel Mclntire

PIERCE-HICHBORN HOUSE 29 North Square Boston, Suffolk County 1760-65

PRSSCOTT (WILLIAM H.) HOUSE (Headquarters House)

55 Beacon S t r e e t Boston, Suffolk County 1806; Asher Benjamin

PT BOAT 796 Battleship Cove Fall River, Bristol County 1945

PUTNAM (GENERAL RUFUS) HOUSE 344 Main S t r e e t Rutland, Worcester County 18th century

Houses a c o l l e c t i o n covering New England maritime h i s t o r y , Pac i f ic ethnology, and the na tu ra l h i s to ry of Essex County. December 21 , 1965.

F i r s t important example of the a r c h i t e c t ' s work. I n t e r i o r s i l l u s t r a t e both h i s e a r l y Georgian and l a t e r Adamesque s t y l e s of decora t ion . November 24, 1968.

Typical of the many Colonial br ick dwell i ngs e rec ted in Boston. One of the few remaining 17th century brick town houses in New England. November 24, 1968.

William H. Presco t t did much of h i s h i s t o r i c a l w r i t i n g , notable for i t s accuracy and thoroughness, while he l ived in t h i s house. December 29, 1964.

PT Boats were small , f a s t , expendable i n t e r d i c t i o n ships armed with torpedoes and machine guns. American PT Boats served in the Ph i l i pp ines , Southwest Pac i f i c , English Channel, and the Mediterranean Sea cu t t i ng enemy supply l i n e s , harassing enemy forces , and performing shor t range oceanic scout ing . PT 796 was used in Pres ident Kennedy's Inaugural Parade painted with the number "109," and i s the bes t surviving represen ta t ive of t h i s c l a s s of warship. January 14, 1986.

Putnam was a Revolutionary War o f f i ce r who helped organize the f i r s t se t t lement in the Northwest T e r r i t o r y , a t Mar ie t ta , Ohio; he a l so served as United S t a t e s Surveyor-General. November 28, 1972.

120

Massachusetts

CUINCY MARKET S. Market S t r e e t Boston, Suffolk County 1826-27; Alexander P a r r i s

REDTOP (William Bean Howells House) 90 Somerset S t r e e t Belmont, Suffolk County 1877; McKim, Mead, and White

REVERE (PAUL) HOUSE 19 North Square Boston, Suffolk County c . 1676

Bui l t by Jos iah Quincy, mayor of Boston and l a t e r pres ident of Harvard, t o replace Faneuil Hall market f a c i l i t i e s . One of the most impressive l a rge - sca le market complexes b u i l t in the U. S. in the f i r s t half of the 19th century . The cen t r a l building uses two major s t r u c t u r a l innovat i ons of the per iod: c a s t - i r o n columns for i n t e r i o r support and a massive s e r i a l pos t -and l i n t e l system for e x t e r i o r w a l l s . November 13, 1966.

Howells, author , magazine e d i t o r , and i n f l u e n t i a l l i t e r a r y c r i t i c a t the turn of the century, wrote some of h i s most famous novels while res id ing here (1878-c . 1882). November 11, 1971.

Home of the famous silversmith and patriot who on April 18, 1775, warned Patriots along the road to Lexington that "the British are coming." January 20, 1961. Included in Boston National Historical Park.)

RICHARDS (THEODORE W.) HOUSE 15 Follen S t r e e t Cambridge, Middlesex County 1900; Warren, Smith, and Biscoe

ROYALL (ISAAC) HOUSE 15 George S t r e e t Medford, Middlesex County Mid-17th century

Long-time home of the Harvard chemist who won the 1914 Nobel Prize for h i s work in determining atomic weights and who was considered the foremost experimental chemist of h i s t ime. January 7, 1976.

Although o r i g i n a l l y b u i l t in c . 1692, t h i s house was remodelled severa l times u n t i l i t represented the Georgian period in the h i s t o r y of New England's domestic a r c h i t e c t u r e . October 9, 1960.

RUMFORD (COUNT) BIRTHPLACE 90 Elm S t r e e t Wobum, Middlesex County 1714

ST. PAUL'S CHURCH 136 Tremont S t r e e t Boston, Suffolk County 1819-20; Mexander P a r r i s and

Solomon Willard

Count Rumford, born Benjamin Thompson, was one of the f i r s t nat ive-born Americans t o gain i n t e rn a t i o n a l recogni t ion for h i s con t r ibu t ions to science when, in 1798, he disproved the preva i l ing c a l o r i c theory of the nature of hea t . May 15, 1975.

The f i r s t church in the Greek Revival s t y l e b u i l t in New England. A 2-s to ry , gable-roofed sandstone bu i ld ing , with a temple-front p o r t i c o . Now the ca thedral of the Roman Cathol ic Archdiocese of Boston. December 30, 1970.

121

Massachusetts

SAUGUS IRON WORKS Central S t r e e t Saugus, Essex County c . 1648

Reconstruction of a 17th-century iron works tha t operated i n t e r m i t t e n t l y between about 1648 and 1670. Also includes the 17th-century Iron Works House. An important i n d u s t r i a l achievement, though not a f iananc ia l success . November 27, 1963. (Now in the National Park System as Saugus Iron Works National Hi s to r i c S i t e . )

SEARS (DAVID) HOUSE 42 Beacon S t r ee t Boston, Suffolk County 1816; Alexander P a r r i s

SEVER HALL, HARVARD UNIVERSITY Cambridge, Middlesex County 1878-80; H. H. Richardson

SHIRLEY-EUSTIS HOUSE 31-37 Sh i r l ey S t r e e t Roxbury, Suffolk County 1741

SPENCER-PIERCE-LITTLE HOUSE At the end of L i t t l e ' s Lane Newbury, Essex County 1631-1701; c . 1797 frame

west wing addi t ion

A Federa l - s ty le townhouse b u i l t on a monumental s c a l e . The wal ls of the 2-s tory s t ruc tu r e are composed of carved g ran i t e pane l s . December 30, 1970.

Designed in the well-known Romanesque s t y l e of i t s a r c h i t e c t , who attempted to make t h i s s t r u c t u r e compatible with e x i s t i n g Georgian and Federal bu i ld ings in the Harvard Yard. December 30, 1970.

One of the most formal and imposing Georgian houses in New England, b u i l t by William Sh i r l ey , a Royal Governor (1741-49, 1753-56). American forces used i t as a barracks and hosp i t a l during t h e i r s iege of Boston (1775-76.) October 9, 1960.

Best preserved of the few remaining stone houses b u i l t in New England in the 17th and 18th c e n t u r i e s . The wal ls of the o r i g ina l po r t i on , 2 fee t th ick , are composed of g r a n i t e , f i e l d s t o n e , b r i ck , and p l a s t e r . November 24, 1968.

SPRINGFIELD ARMORY (Armory Square) S t a t e , Federa l , Pear l and Byers

s t r e e t s Spr ingf ie ld , Hampden County 1794, 1778-1968

STATE HOUSE (OLD)

Until 1967-68, this was the U. S. Army's main research and development center and pilot manufactory for small arms. Formally established as a Federal arsenal in 1794. December 19, 1960. (Springfield Armory National Historic Site is in the National National Park System.)

See OLD STATE HOUSE

STORY (JOSEPH) HOUSE 26 Winter Street Salem, Essex County 19th century

As a Supreme Court Justice (1811-45), Story supported national supremacy over States rights. His decisions helped con-solodate the basis of the American nation. November 7, 1973.

122

Massachusetts

SUMNER (CHARLES) HOUSE 20 Hancock Street Boston, Suffolk County

THOMPSON (BENJAMIN) BIRTHPLACE

THOMSON (ELIHU) HOUSE 33 Elmwood Avenue Swampscott, Essex County 1890

Sumner was an outspoken opponent of slavery who represented Massachusetts in the U.S. Senate from 1851 until his death in 1874. After the Civil War, he was one of the leading figures in the Radical wing of the Republican Party and played an influential role in foreign affairs. November 7, 1973.

See RUMFVJRD (COUNT) BIRTHPLACE

Home and laboratory of a prolific inventor who was one of the founders of the General Electric Company. January 7, 1976.

TR13M0NT STREET SUBWAY Beneath Tremont, Boylston, and Washington streets

Boston, Suffolk County 1895-98

Part of the first subway system in North America. The original tunnel section of the system is still in use. January 29, 1964.

TRINITY CHURCH Copley Square Boston, Suffolk County 1874-77; H. H. Richardson

One of H.H. Richardson's f i n e s t and e a r l i e s t works, done in the Romanesque s t y l e for which he became famous. John La Farge executed the i n t e r i o r murals and some of the s ta ined g l a s s . December 30, 1970.

TROTTER (WILLIAM MONROE) HOUSE 97 Sawyer Avenue Dorchester, Suffolk County c . 1890s

TUFTS (PETER) HOUSE 350 Riverside Avenue Medford, Middlesex County 1677

UNITED FIRST PARISH CHURCH (UNITARIAN) OF QUINCY

1266 Hancock Street Ouincy, Norfolk County 1827-28; Alexander Parris

Home of the noted Black journalist, who was a militant civil rights activist during the first decades of the 20th century. May 11, 1976.

An example of a 17th-century New England brick structure. The bricks used in the house were made in Medford, a leading brick-making center. November 24, 1968.

Considered the finest existing Greek Revival church in New England. The dominant interior feature is the decorative plaster dome. The church is the burial place of Presidents John and John Ouincy Adams and their wives. John Quincy was instrumental in its erection. December 30, 1970. (The church is a unit of Adams National Historic Site.)

U.S. CUSTOMHOUSE southwest corner of 2nd and Williams Streets

New Bedford, Bristol County 1834-36; Robert Mills

An oblong granite building, with a hipped roof, a powerful example of a small public building in the Greek Revival style. Symbolic of the era when New Bedford was a major port. December 30, 1970.

123

Massachusetts

USS CASSIN YOUNG Charlestown Navy Yard Boston, Suffolk County 1943

USS CONSTITUTION Boston Naval Shipyard Boston, Charlestown Suffolk County 1797

USS LIONFISH Battleship Cove Fall River, Bristol County 1944

USS MASSACHUSETTS Battleship Cove Fall River, Bristol County 1941

UNIVERSITY HALL, HARVARD UNIVERSITY Cambridge, Middlesex County 1813-15; Charles Bulfinch

Representat ive of many Fle tcher c l a s s des t royers b u i l t by the Boston Navy Yard and exemplif ies the intense m i l i t a r y - i n d u s t r i a l e f f o r t on the home front during World War I I . She earned four b a t t l e s t a r s and Navy Unit Commendation a t Okinawa. She was the t a r g e t of the l a s t kamikaze a t t ack of World War I I . January 14, 1986.

Known as "Old I rons ide s , " USS Cons t i tu t ion d i s t ingu i shed herse l f in the undeclared naval war with France, in sea b a t t l e s with Barbary p i r a t e s , and during the War of 1812. She i s a square-r igged wooden f r i g a t e , 204 f ee t long. December 19, 1960. Administered by the U.S. Navy.)

An i n t a c t example of the s tandard f l e e t type Balao-c lass submarine t h a t played an important pa r t in World War I I . She i s believed to have sunk an I - c l a s s Japanese submarine and a 100-ton schooner. January 14, 1986.

Representat ive of the South Dakota c l a s s of American b a t t l e s h i p s , the continued American prepara t ion for World War I I , and the development of more advanced b a t t l e s h i p des ign. She was b u i l t in Quincy and thus r ep resen t s Massachusetts ' support of the war e f f o r t . She saw ac t ion in both the European and Pac i f ic t h e a t e r s beginning in 1942, and earned 11 b a t t l e s t a r s for her s e r v i c e . January 14, 1986.

A superb example of Bul f inch ' s pub l ic a r c h i t e c t u r e . A g ran i t e -wa l l ed , 3-s tory s t r u c t u r e in Harvard Yard, o r i g i n a l l y used for s tudy, d in ing , and worship. December 30, 1970.

VALE, THE (Theodore Lyman Esta te) Lyman and Beaver s t r e e t s Waltham, Middlesex County 1793-98; Samuel Mclnt i re ,

William Bel l ( landscaper)

The f i n e s t ex tan t example of a Mclnt i re -designed Adamesque-Federal country house. Designed as a 5-part frame composition, i t was enlarged and ex tens ive ly remodeled in 1882. The house s tands in one of the few landscaped e s t a t e s in New England to survive l a rge ly i n t a c t from the 18th centu ry . December 30, 1970.

VASSALL-CPAIGIE-IXltCFELLCW HOUSE See LONGFELLOW HOUSE

124

Massachusetts

WALDEN POND 1.5 miles south of Concord Middlesex County 1845-47

Henry David Thoreau, author and soc ia l c r i t i c , spent the years 1845 to 1847 l iv ing here in a simple cabin . He r e counted h i s thoughts in the book Walden, which has became an American c l a s s i c . A ca i rn of rocks marks the cabin s i t e . December 29, 1962.

WARD (JOHN) HOUSE 132 Essex S t r e e t Salem, Essex County 1684

A 17th-century frame house which grew and changed according to the needs of the owners. Similar t o Salem's more famous House of the Seven Gables. November 24, 1968.

THE WAYSIDE, "HOME OF AUTHORS" 455 Lexington Road Concord, Middlesex County c . 1717-1924

WEBSTER (DANIEL) LAW OFFICE Careswell and Webster s t r e e t s Marshfield, Plymouth County p r i o r t o 1832

WHAJRTCN (EDITH) ESTATE

Occupied by three acclaimed 19th-century authors and t h e i r f ami l i es : Bronson A l c o t t ' s family including h i s daughter Louisa May; Nathaniel Hawthorne; and Har r ie t Lothrop, who wrote the Five L i t t l e Peppers s e r i e s under the pseudonym Margaret Sidney. Adminis tered as par t of Minute Man National H i s t o r i c a l Park. December 29, 1962; reaffirmed February 4 , 1985.

Webster used t h i s 1-room clapboard b u i l ding as h i s na tu ra l h i s to ry l i b r a r y and law o f f i c e . I t stood on h i s Green Harbor E s t a t e , h i s home away from Washington from 1832 t o 1852. May 30, 1974.

See MOJNT, THE

WHIPPLE (JOHN) HOUSE 53 S. Main S t r e e t Ipswich, Essex County c . 1640-1650, 1670

Among the e a r l i e s t New England houses. I l l u s t r a t e s the development of a 17th-century house form over a number of years , in i t s three d i s t i n c t a r c h i t e c t u r a l un i t s t ha t show evolut ion of workmanship and d e t a i l i n g as the Whipple descendants grew away from t h e i r English o r i g i n s . October 9, 1960.

WHITTIER (JOHN GREENLEAF) HOME 86 Friend S t r e e t Amesbury, Essex County 1811

WRIGHT'S TAVERN Lexington Road, opposite the

Burying Ground Concord, Middlesex County 1747

Whi t t i e r , w r i t e r , e d i t o r , and prominent a b o l i t i o n i s t , l ived and wrote here from 1836 u n t i l h i s death in 1892. December 29, 1962.

The meeting p lace , in 1774, of the Prov i n c i a l Congress of Massachusetts . Used by both Minute Men and B r i t i s h Redcoats for meetings in 1775. January 20, 1961.

125

MICHIGAN (16)

DOW (HERBERT H.) HOUSE 1038 W. Main S t r e e t M i d l a n d , Midland County 1899

rXJRANT-DORT CARRIAGE COMPANY OFFICE

315 W. Wate r S t r e e t F l i n t , Genesee County 1895-96

EDISON INSTITUTE ( G r e e n f i e l d V i l l a g e and Henry Ford Museum)

Bounded by Mich igan Avenue, V i l l a g e Road, S o u t h f i e l d E x p r e s s w a y , and Oakland B o u l e v a r d

D e a r b o r n , Wayne County 1 7 t h - 2 0 t h c e n t u r i e s

FAIR LANE (Henry Ford E s t a t e ) 4901 E v e r g r e e n Road D e a r b o r n , Wayne County 1915 ; W. H. Van T i n e

For many y e a r s home of t h e f a t h e r of Dow Chemica l C o r p o r a t i o n , who was a l s o t h e i n v e n t o r of s u c c e s s f u l me thods f o r e x p l o i t i n g b r i n e . May 1 1 , 1976.

The h e a d q u a r t e r s of W i l l i a m C. Duran t when he founded t h e G e n e r a l Motors C o r p o r a t i o n i n 1908 . H i s c o n t r i b u t i o n s , s u c h a s t h e c o n c e p t of a l a r g e company m a n u f a c t u r i n g s e v e r a l makes of a u t o m o b i l e s , g r e a t l y i n f l u e n c e d t h e a u t o m o b i l e i n d u s t r y . June 2 , 1978 .

The E d i s o n I n s t i t u t e e x p r e s s e s Henry F o r d ' s c o n c e p t i o n of h i s t o r y a s t h e r e c o r d of p r o g r e s s i n t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , a g r i c u l t u r e , and i n d u s t r y . I t i s famous f o r G r e e n f i e l d V i l l a g e and t h e Henry Ford Museum, b o t h on t h e g r o u n d s of t h e I n s t i t u t e . The Museum, opened i n 1929 , h o u s e s i m p o r t a n t c o l l e c t i o n s of Americana and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a r t i f a c t s . December 2 1 , 1 9 8 1 .

Henry Ford r e v o l u t i o n i z e d American t r a n s p o r t a t i o n by m a s s - p r o d u c i n g an i n e x p e n s i v e c a r . The Ford f a m i l y o c c u p i e d t h i s 56-room house u n t i l 1950, 2 y e a r s a f t e r H e n r y ' s d e a t h . November 1 3 , 1966 .

FORD (HENRY) ESTATE

FORD (HENRY) MUSEUM

See FAIR LANE

See EDISON INSTITUTE

FORD RIVER ROUGE COMPLEX 3001 Miller Road Dearborn, Wayne County 1917; Albert Kahn

FORT MICHILIMACKINAC At the terminus of U.S. 31 Mackinaw City, Cheboygan County 1715-20

GENERAL MOTORS BUILDING 3044 W. Grand Boulevard Detroit, Wayne County 1920-23; Albert Kahn

One of the industrial wonders of the world, an integrated operations plant encompassing all basic steps in automobile production. Here Ford achieved a continuous work flow from iron ore and other raw materials to finished automobiles. June 2, 1978.

Erected by the French, the fort was captured by the British during the French and Indian War. It was the only garrisoned British outpost on the Great Lakes during the American Revolution. October 9, 1960.

Oldest extant headquarters of General Motors in Detroit, this building symbolizes one of the largest manufacturing corporations in the world. June 2, 1978.

126

Michigan

GREENFIELD VILLAGE See EDISON INSTITUTE

HEMINGWAY (ERNEST) COTTAGE (Windemere)

Between t h e n o r t h s h o r e of Wal loon Lake and Lake Grove Rd.

Emmet County 1904-21

Hemingway s p e n t h i s boyhood summers i n t h i s 1 - s t o r y frame s t r u c t u r e . He began h i s w r i t i n g c a r e e r h e r e , u s i n g t h e s e t t i n g and h i s boyhood e x p e r i e n c e s in some of h i s s t o r i e s . November 2 4 , 1968 .

HIGHLAND PARK FORD PLANT 91 M a n c h e s t e r Avenue H i g h l a n d P a r k , Wayne County 1 9 0 9 - 1 0 ; A l b e r t Kahn

LINCOLN MOTOR COMPANY PLANT 6200 W. Warren Avenue D e t r o i t , Wayne County 1917, George Mason; p o s t - 1 9 2 2 ,

A l b e r t Kahn

MACKINAC ISLAND n o r t h e a s t a c r o s s t h e S t r a i t s of

Mackinac from Mackinaw C i t y Mackinac County 1780

Des igned m o s t l y by n o t e d i n d u s t r i a l a r c h i t e c t A l b e r t Kahn, t h i s p l a n t i s c o n s i d e r e d t h e b i r t h p l a c e of t h e moving a s s e m b l y l i n e . J u n e 2 , 1978 .

P l a n t u sed by n o t e d a u t o m o b i l e m a n u f a c t u r e r Henry M. L e l a n d , who e s t a b l i s h e d t h e r e p u t a t i o n of C a d i l l a c s and L i n c o l n s . Dur ing World War I , Le land u sed t h e p l a n t t o p roduce L i b e r t y a i r p l a n e e n g i n e s . J u n e 2 , 1978 .

C o n t a i n s F o r t Mackinac and many o t h e r b u i l d i n g s r e l a t e d t o t h e f u r t r a d e . American c o n t r o l of t h e i s l a n d was s e c u r e d by t h e T r e a t y of Ghent ( 1 8 1 4 ) . N o r t h e r n h e a d q u a r t e r s of A s t o r ' s American Fur Company u n t i l t h e 1 8 4 0 s . O c t o b e r 9 , 1960 .

NORTON MOUND GROUP on I n d i a n Mound D r i v e , 2 m i l e s

s o u t h of Grand R a p i d s Kent County c . 4 BC-400 AD

W e l l - p r e s e r v e d Hopewell mounds of t h e w e s t e r n G r e a t Lakes r e g i o n . S i t e was t h e c e n t e r of H o p e w e l l i a n c u l t u r e i n t h a t a r e a . December 2 1 , 1965 .

PARKE-DAVIS RESEARCH UABORATORY f o o t of J o s e p h Campau S t r e e t a t

D e t r o i t R i v e r D e t r o i t , Wayne County 1902

REO MOTOR CAR COMPANY PLANT 2100 S . Wash ing ton S t r e e t L a n s i n g , Ingham County 1904

The f i r s t i n d u s t r i a l r e s e a r c h l a b o r a t o r y i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s b u i l t f o r t h e s p e c i f i c p u r p o s e of c o n d u c t i n g p h a r m a c o l o g i c a l r e s e a r c h . May 1 1 , 1976.

DE-DESIGNATED: March 5 , 1986 . ( O r i g i n a l l y d e s i g n a t e d June 2 , 1 9 7 8 . )

RIVER ROUGE COMPLEX See FORD RIVER ROUGE COMPLEX

ST. IGNACE MISSION State and Marquette streets, Marquette Park

St. Ignace, Mackinac County 1671

Site of a mission established by Pere Jacques Marquette, who was buried here in 1677. October 9, 1960.

127

Michigan

ST. MARYS FALLS CANAL (The Soo Locks)

S t . Mary's River Sault S t e . Marie, Chippewa County 1855

Construction of the canal allowed e x p l o i t a t ion of the resources of the Lake Superior area. It permits passaqe between Lake Superior and Lake Huron, and ranks with the Erie and the I l l i n o i s and Michigan canals as the most successful waterways constructed in the ante-bellum e r a . November 13, 1966.

SOO LOCKS See ST. MARYS FALLS CANAL

USS SILVERSIDES Naval Reserve Center Fulton and Bluff s t r e e t s Muskegon, Muskegon County 1941

The top-ranked surviving U.S. submarine, with 23 confirmed s ink ings . She saw service during a l l of world War I I and was awarded 12 b a t t l e s t a r s and the P r e s i d e n t i a l Unit C i ta t ion for t h a t s e r v i c e . January 14, 1986.

WINDEMERE See HEMINGWAY (ERNEST) COTTAGE

128

MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF (2)

NAN MADOL Temwen Island Pohnpei s t a t e 400-1900 A. D. , a t t r i b u t e d

in o ra l t r a d i t i o n t o the b ro the rs Olosohpa and Olosihpa

TRUK LAGOON UNDERWATER FLEET, TRUK ATOLL

Truk S ta t e Caroline I s lands 1944-45

The core of the r i t u a l and r e s i d e n t i a l area was the sea t of Pohnpei 's ru l ing Sau Deleur dynasty in p r e h i s t o r i c t imes . Development of the i s l a n d ' s "chief" h ie ra rchy , one of the most complex in the in the Pac i f i c i s l a n d s , can be researched through archeo-log ica l evidence he re , such as the megal i -t h i c s t r u c t u r e s . The s i t e thus provides oppor tun i t i e s for inquiry i n to the o r ig in s of complex s o c i e t i e s . September 16, 1985.

In 1942-44, J apan ' s Combined Flee t operated out of Truk, a formidable advanced naval base . After the Combined Flee t had wi thdrawn because of the th rea t of American a t t a c k , a U. S. Navy c a r r i e r s t r i k e on February 17-18, 1944, destroyed v i r t u a l l y a l l remaining Japanese ships in the lagoon, and heavi ly damaged Japanese a i r and land defens e s . February 4, 1985.

129

MIDWAY ISLANDS (1)

WORLD WAR I I FACILITIES AT MIDWAY

Midway Is lands 1941-42

The Japanese launched an attempt to capture these i s lands in June 1942. American forces , ordered by Admiral Nimitz t o i n t e r cept the Japanese a t t a c k , s t ruck back a f t e r the Japanese f l e e t had begun i t s a t t a c k . The Japanese navy never fu l ly recovered from the American v i c to ry in t h i s b a t t l e , and i t res tored American naval power in the P a c i f i c . This b a t t l e proved to be the turning point of the Pac i f ic t hea t e r of World War I I . May 28, 1987.

130

MINNESOTA (20)

FITZGERALD ( F . SCOTT) HOUSE (Summit T e r r a c e )

599 Summit Avenue S t . P a u l , Ramsey County 1889

F i t z g e r a l d , spokesman f o r t h e J a z z Age, w r o t e s e v e r a l s t o r i e s and h i s f i r s t p u b l i s h e d n o v e l . T h i s S i d e of P a r a d i s e , i n t h i s V i c t o r i a n r o w h o u s e . November 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

PORT SNELLING Bounded by Minnehaha P a r k , t h e

M i s s i s s i p p i R i v e r , t h e a i r p o r t , and B looming ton Road

S t . P a u l v i c i n i t y Hennep in and Dakota C o u n t i e s 1820-24

F o u r t e e n s t o n e b u i l d i n g s and two l o g s t r u c t u r e s , b u i l t on a s i t e recommended by Zebulon P i k e , became an i m p o r t a n t p o s t on t h e edge of European-Amer ican s e t t l e m e n t i n t h e Old N o r t h w e s t . One of t h e few such p o s t s w i t h s u b s t a n t i a l r e m a i n s from t h e p e r i o d . Used a s t r o o p t r a i n i n g c e n t e r i n t h e C i v i l War and World Wars I and I I . December 1 9 , 1960.

GRANGERS' MUSEUM See KELLEY HOMESTEAD

HILL (JAMES J . ) HOUSE 240 Summit Avenue S t . P a u l , Ramsey County 1889

Known a s t h e "Empire B u i l d e r , " H i l l was a l e a d e r i n American r a i l r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n from 1878 t o 1912 . Combined s e v e r a l l i n e s t o form t h e G r e a t N o r t h e r n R a i l r o a d Company. November 5 , 1 9 6 1 .

HULL-RUST-MAHONING OPEN PIT IRON MINE

3 r d Avenue E a s t H i b b i n g v i c i n i t y , S t . L o u i s County 1895

T h i s Mesabi Range m i n e , t h e l a r g e s t i n t h e w o r l d , p r o d u c e d an immense amount of i r o n o r e , and e n a b l e d t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s t o l e a d t h e w o r l d i n s t e e l o u t p u t . November 1 3 , 1966 .

KATHIO SITE U . S . 169 V i n e l a n d , M i l l e Lacs County c . 1640-1740

KELLEY (OLIVER H.) HOMESTEAD 2 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Elk R i v e r

U . S . 10 S h e r b u r n e County c . 1860

KELLOGG (FRANK B. ) HOUSE 633 F a i r m o n t Avenue S t . P a u l , Ramsey County L a t e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y

A n c e s t r a l home of p a r t of t h e p r e s e n t - d a y Dakota S i o u x and an i m p o r t a n t c o n t a c t s i t e be tween them and t h e F r e n c h . Now i n c l u d e d i n M i l l e L a c s - K a t h i o S t a t e P a r k . J u l y 1 9 , 1964 .

K e l l e y was t h e founde r of t h e N a t i o n a l Grange movement, which s o u g h t p o l i t i c a l s o l u t i o n s t o t h e p r o b l e m s of t h e f a r m e r . The house s e r v e d a s Grange h e a d q u a r t e r s ( 1 8 6 8 - 7 0 ) . J u l y 1 9 , 1964 .

As S e c r e t a r y of S t a t e ( 1 9 2 5 - 2 9 ) , K e l l o g g n e g o t i a t e d t h e K e l l c g g - B r i a n d P a c t ( 1 9 2 8 ) , f o r which he r e c e i v e d t h e Nobel Peace P r i z e , and s h i f t e d f o r e i g n p o l i c y away from i n t e r -v e n t i o n i s m . December 8 , 1976.

131

Minnesota

LEWIS (SINCLAIR) BOYHOOD HOME 812 S i n c l a i r Lewis Avenue Sauk Centre , Stearns County Late 19th century

LINDBERGH (CHARLES A., SR.) HOUSE County Road 52, v i c i n i t y of

L i t t l e Fa l l s Morrison County 1906-07; Carl Bolander

Lewis was awarded the Nobel Prize for l i t e r a ture in 1930, becoming the f i r s t American to be so honored. His novel Main S t r e e t (1920) was p a r t l y based on h i s impressions of Sauk Cent re . May 23, 1968.

Residence (1907-20) of a Congressman (1907-17) who was a reformer and independent. An agrar ian p rogress ive , he was prominent in p r o t e s t p o l i t i c s , and fought intervent ionism and Eastern bankers . Also heme of h i s famous av ia to r son. December 8, 1976.

MAYO CLINIC BUILDINGS 110 and 115 2nd Avenue Rochester, Olmsted County 1914, 1928

MOUNTAIN IRON MINE North of the v i l l a g e of Mountain

Iron S t . Louis County 1890-1956

Constructed t o house the growing medical p r ac t i ce of the Mayo b ro the r s . Bringing other doctors in , they se t up the f i r s t p r iva te p rac t i ce of group medicine in the country. August 11, 1969.

Opening of the mine in 1890 revealed tha t the Mesabi Range possessed the wor ld ' s l a r g e s t depos i t s of iron o r e , making Minnesota the Nat ion ' s premier suppl ie r of t ha t substance. November 24, 1968.

NATIONAL FARMER'S BANK Broadway and Cedar s t r e e t s Owatonna, S tee le County 1907-08; Louis Sul l ivan

Probably the f i n e s t of the l a t e small Midwestern banks by Su l l ivan . January 7, 1976.

PEAVY-HAGLIN EXPERIMENTAL CX1NCRETE GRAIN ELEVATOR

S t . Louis Park, Hennepin County 1900

PILLSBURY A MILL Main S t r e e t and 3rd Avenue SE Minneapolis, Hennepin County 1881

This s t r u c t u r e i s the f i r s t c y l i n d r i c a l conc r e t e gra in e l e v a t o r in the United S t a t e s and perhaps the world. I t i s the forerunner of a bu i ld ing type t h a t dominates the landscape in the grain-growing regions of the Nation. December 21 , 1981.

Symbolizes the ro le of Minneapolis as the chief f lou r -mi l l ing cen te r of the United S t a t e s from 1880 to 1930. The 6-s tory m i l l i s in u se . November 13, 1966.

ROLVAAG (O. E.) HOUSE 311 Manitou S t r ee t Nor thf ie ld , Rice County 1912

ST. CROIX BOOM SITE 3 miles nor th of S t i l l w a t e r Washington County 1856

Rolvaag, a Norwegian immigrant, wrote most of his literary works here, and lived in this house until 1931. His books dealt with the hardships faced by immigrants. August 4, 1969.

Most important of the major log storage areas in Minnesota in an era when only two other states produced more lumber. Served as the terminal point for log drives on the St. Croix River from 1856 to 1914. November 13, 1966.

132

Minnesota

SOUDAN IRON MINE Tower vicinity, St. Louis County 1884

SUMMIT TERRACE

Soudan Mine contained one of the richest iron deposits in the Nation, and is the oldest and deepest of the underground mines. A number of its original buildings survive. Now the Tower-Soudan State Park. November 13, 1966.

See FITZGERALD (F. SCOTT) HOUSE

VEBLEN (THORSTEIN) FARMSTEAD Nerstand, Rice County 1865

VOLSTEAD (ANDREW J.) HOUSE 163 9th Avenue Granite Falls, Yellow Medicine

County 1878

WASHBURN A MILL COMPLEX Minneapolis, Hennepin County 1870s

Thorstein Veblen l ived on t h i s property as a youth, from 1865, and returned often as an a d u l t . An economist, soc ia l s c i e n t i s t , and c r i t i c of American c u l t u r e , Veblen coined the term "conspicuous consumption." The property i l l u s t r a t e s e a r l y influences on h i s l i f e as the son of immigrants, growing up in a t i g h t l y kni t r u r a l Norwegian-American community. December 21 , 1981.

Home (1894-1930) of the man who "person i fied p r o h i b i t i o n . " Volstead served in the House of Representat ives (1903-23), where he draf ted the National Prohib i t ion Enforcement Act (1919), which became known as the Volstead Act. December 8, 1976.

This complex outs tandingly represen t s the growth and development of General Mi l l s , I n c . , and the r ad i ca l t ransformations of the f lour mi l l ing indust ry in the l a t e 19th and e a r l y 20th cen tu r i e s t h a t made i t a modern mass-production indus t ry . The Washburn A m i l l i s the only s t r u c t u r e t h a t remains from the o r ig ina l Minneapolis mi l l ing complex e s t ab l i shed by Cadwallader C. Washburn. May 4, 1983.

133

MISSISSIPPI (23)

ALCORN UNIVERSITY, OAKLAND MEMORIAL CHAPEL

See OAKLAND MEMORIAL CHAPEL

AMMADELLE 637 N. Lamar S t r e e t Oxford, Lafayette County 1859-61; Calvert Vaux

ARLINGTON Natchez, Adams County 1816-20

AUBURN Duncan Park Natchez, Adams County 1812; Levi Weeks

BEAUVOIR (Jefferson Davis Shrine) 200 W. Beach Boulevard Biloxi, Harrison County c. 1852

(CHAMPION HILL BATTLEFIELD Hinds County 1863

COMMERCIAL BANK AND BANKER'S HOUSE

Main and Canal s t r e e t s Natchez, Adams County c . 1833

A spacious red br ick house with an i r r e g u l a r f loor p lan , a prime example of the work of Calvert Vaux, who was an important r e s ident i a l a r c h i t e c t . May 30, 1974.

Si tuated in an extensive park s e t t i n g of l ive oaks and a z a l e a s . Epitomizes the a r c h i t e c t u r a l q u a l i t i e s for which Natchez i s famous. May 30, 1974.

Auburn's 2-s tory p o r t i c o became a model for Natchez houses. I t has been used frequently as a prototype for Southern p l a n t a t i o n houses. May 30, 1974.

Davis, p res iden t of the Confederacy, l ived here during the l a s t 12 years of h i s l i f e (1877-91). He completed h i s book on the r i s e and f a l l of the Confederacy he re . November 7, 1973.

The Civ i l War b a t t l e a t Champion H i l l was a c ruc ia l Union v i c t o r y in the 1863 Vicksburg campaign. In t h i s b a t t l e , Gen. Ulysses S. Gran t ' s Union Army forced the r e t r e a t of Gen. John C. Pemberton's Confederate forces in to the defenses of Vicksburg (May 16, 1863). The siege of Vicksburg followed, and on Ju ly 4, 1863, the Confederates surrendered the c i t y and i t s 29,500-man ga r r i son . May 5, 1977.

These bui ld ings i l l u s t r a t e two face t s of the Greek Revival s t y l e , in the Ionic temple of the bank facade and the Doric columns of the res idence . May 30, 1974.

CONNELLY'S TAVERN

DAVIS (JEFFERSON) SHRINE

DUNLEITH 84 Homochitto S t r e e t Natchez, Adams County c . 1855

FATHFJ3LAND PLANTATION SITE

See HOUSE ON EIXICGTT'S HILL

See BEAUVOIR

Only remaining example in Miss iss ippi of a f u l l p e r i p t e r a l colonnaded p lan ta t ion house. Ornamental i ron ba lus t rades enclose the g a l l e r i e s . December 2, 1974.

See GRAND VILLAGE OF THE NATCHEZ

134

Mississippi

FAULKNER (WILLIAM) HOUSE (Rowan Oak)

Old Taylor Road Oxford, Lafayette County c . 1840

Faulkner, Nobel Prize-winning author , occupied t h i s Greek Revival house from 1930 u n t i l h i s death in 1962. May 23, 1968.

GOVERNOR'S MANSION See MISSISSIPPI GOVERNOR'S MANSION

GRAND VILLAGE OF THE NATCHEZ (Fatherland P lan ta t ion S i t e )

3 miles southeast of Natchez Adams County c . 1600-1700

HIGHLAND PARK DENTZEL CTiROUSEL Highland Park Meridian, Lauderdale County c . 1892-99 ( ca rouse l ) ,

1909 ( s h e l t e r ) ; Dentzel Carousel Corporation

HOLLY BLUFF SITE about 2 miles from Holly Bluff Yazoo County P r e h i s t o r i c

Remnants of three temple mounds and a plaza remain here a t the documented s i t e of the Grand Vil lage of the Natchez, mentioned in e a r l y 18th-century sources . Numerous nat ive and European grave goods were found in the temple on one of the mounds. Ju ly 19, 1964.

This wcoden carousel i s l i k e l y the o ldes t of the three e a r l i e s t Dentzel menagerie carousels t ha t are v i r t u a l l y i n t a c t , out of more than 100 b u i l t by the company. Is the only one of the three s t i l l in an h i s t o r i c " she l t e r " or carousel house. Bu i l t from a Dentzel b l u e p r i n t , the carousel house i s a rare surv ivor . February 27, 1987.

Type s i t e for Lake George phase of the Mis-s i s s ipp i an or Temple Mound c u l t u r e . Ju ly 19, 1964.

HOUSE ON ELLICOTT'S HILL (Connelly 's Tavern)

N. Canal S t r e e t a t Jef ferson S t r e e t

Natchez, Adams County 1800

LAMAR (LUCIUS Q. C.) HOUSE 616 N. 14th S t r e e t Oxford, Lafayette County c . 1860

LXONGWOOD 1.5 mi les southeast of Natchez Adams County 1860-62; Samuel Sloan

Among the e a r l i e s t houses b u i l t a f t e r the Spanish l a id out a new town on the Natchez bluff, t h i s house r e f l e c t s the a r c h i t e c t u r a l t a s t e s of the e a r l y years of the Miss iss ippi T e r r i t o r y . I t s f loor plan i s one usua l ly associa ted with Louisiana. May 30, 1974.

Lamar served in the U.S. House of Representa t i v e s before and a f t e r the C iv i l War. During the war, he served the Confederacy as a so ld i e r and a diplomat. Afterward, he was a leading Southern spokesman for reconc i l i a t i o n during Reconstruct ion. Exponent of Southern i n d u s t r i a l progress and leader of the "New South" movement, l a t e in h i s ca reer he served in the U.S. Senate, as Secre tary of the I n t e r i o r , and on the Supreme Court . May 15, 1975.

Bui l t for Hal ler Nutt and known as "Nu t t ' s Fo l ly , " i t i s the l a r g e s t and most e labora te octagonal house in the U.S. Ec lec t ic decora t ive d e t a i l includes both I t a l i a n a t e and Moslem mot i f s . December 16, 1969.

135

Mississippi

MELROSE Melrose Avenue Natchez, Adams County 1845

Remarkable for the perfection of its Greek Revival design and the integrity of its surroundings. May 30, 1974.

MISSISSIPPI GOVERNOR'S MANSION 316 East Capitol Street Jackson, Hinds County 1839-41; William Nichols

MONTGOMERY (I. T.) HOUSE W. Main Street Mound Bayou, Bolivar Country 1910

CVUOLAND MEMORIAL CHAPEL Alcorn Univers i ty Alcorn, Claiborne County 1838 (predates Univers i ty)

OLD OXJRTHOUSE

Important r epresen ta t ive of houses b u i l t as governors ' mansions in the U. S . , second in age only t o tha t in Vi rg in ia among those s t i l l serving t h e i r o r i g i n a l funct ion, and the most d i s t ingu i shed of the four o ldes t continuously used governor ' s mansions. A monumental br ick s t ruc tu r e of Greek Revival des ign. April 24, 1975.

Home of I sa iah Thornton Montgomery, who in 1887 founded the town of Mound Bayou as a community where Black Americans could obtain s o c i a l , p o l i t i c a l , and economic r i g h t s in a S ta te then dominated by White supremacis ts . May 11 , 1976.

Oldest and most venerable bui lding on the u n i v e r s i t y campus, Oakland Chapel symbolizes the importance of Alcorn as the f i r s t Black land grant col lege in the United S t a t e s . Or ig ina l ly b u i l t for Oakland Col lege, the chapel became pa r t of Alcorn when the S ta te e s t ab l i shed the un ive r s i ty in 1871. May 11, 1976.

See WARREN CXXJNTY COURTHOUSE

PEMBERTON'S HEADQUARTERS 1018 Crawford S t r e e t Vicksburg, Warren County 1836

ROCKET PROPULSION TEST COMPLEX (A-l/A-2, B-l/B-2)

National Space Technology Laboratories

Bay St. Louis, Hancock County 1965-present; National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Headquarters of Confederate Gen. John C. Pem-berton during most of the siege of Vicksburg, and the place where the fateful decision to surrender the city was made. December 8, 1976.

Built in 1965 to support the mission of the National Space Technology Laboratories as the national rocket test range for flight-certifying large rocket propulsion systems. Important for its role in testing of stages of the Saturn V rocket, which was crucial to the effort to put astronauts on the moon. October 3, 1985.

ROWAN OAK See FAULKNER (WILLIAM) HOUSE

STANTON HALL High Street Natchez, Adams County 1851-57

Bui l t for a wealthy cot ton broker . P a l a t i a l propor t ions and Victor ian d e t a i l represent ante-bellum opulence. May 30, 1974.

136

Mississippi

VICKSBURG COURTHOUSE (OLD)

A symbol of Confederate res i s t ance in the Vicksburg Campaign of 1862-63. Union Army f lags were ra ised here a f t e r surrender of the c i t y . May 23, 1968.

Noteworthy for i t s g rea t octagonal space, the c e n t r a l element in an "H" p lan . The house r i s e s four s t o r i e s . May 30, 1974.

137

See WARREN COUNTY COURTHOUSE

WARREN COUNTY COURTHOUSE Court Square Vicksburg, Warren County 1861; William Weldon

WAVERLY West Point, Clay County 1840-52

MISSOURI (31)

ANHEUSER-BUSCH BREWERY 721 Pestalozzi Street St. Louis city 1868

This brewery pioneered in the use of new methods of production and distribution. Buildings are of brick, ornamented on the exterior with gargoyles and other figures. November 13, 1966.

ARROW ROCK Arrow Rock, Saline County 1817

BINGHAM (GEORGE CALEB) HOUSE Arrow Rock, Saline County 1837

Sta r t i ng point for the t r a d e r s from Old Franklin and Boon's Lick who operated on the Santa Fe T r a i l . (Now in Arrow Rock S ta te Park.) May 23, 1963.

A r t i s t Bingham's favor i te sub jec t s were Midwestern riverboatmen and p o l i t i c i a n s . Many of h i s sketches were done in t h i s house, h i s residence (1837-45). (Now within Arrow Rock Sta te Park.) December 21 , 1965.

BOLDUC (LOUIS) HOUSE 123 S. Main S t r e e t S t e . Genevieve S t e . Genevieve County 1787

Bui l t by a prosperous farmer and miner, the house e x h i b i t s French-Canadian and Caribbean a r c h i t e c t u r a l in f luences . April 15, 1970.

CARRINGTON OSAGE VILLAGE SITE north of Nevada, on west edge of

Green Valley P r a i r i e Vernon County Late 18th-19th c e n t u r i e s

CLARK ("CHAMP") HOUSE 204 E. Champ Clark Drive Bowling Green, Pike County 19th century

The Great Osage Indian se t t lement a t t h i s s i t e was v i s i t e d by Captain Zebulon Pike in 1806. Excavation has uncovered a b o r i g ina l and European m a t e r i a l s . Ju ly 19, 1964.

Residence (1899-1921) of one of the g rea t Speakers of the House (1911-19). He was a l so Wilson 's leading competitor for the Democratic P r e s i d e n t i a l nomination in 1912. December 8, 1976.

EADS BRIDGE spanning the Mississippi River

at Washington Street St. Louis city 1874; James B. Eads

ERLANGER (JOSEPH) HOUSE 5127 Waterman Boulevard St. Louis city 1903

First American bridge in which steel was employed in the principal members. Arches were erected using the innovative cantilever method. January 29, 1964. (Also in Illinois.)

Home of one of the leading American physiologists of the first quarter of the 20th century. He shared the 1944 Nobel Prize in medicine and physiology for his discovery of the electrical nature of the human nervous system. December 8, 1976.

138

Missouri

FORT OSAGE North edge of Sibley on the Missouri River

Jackson County 1808

One of the first United States Army posts west of the Mississippi River. Included one of the most successful of the Government-operated trading factories. November 5, 1961.

GATEWAY ARCH Jefferson National Expansion

Memorial Memorial Drive between Poplar

Street and Eads Bridge St. Louis, St. Louis County 1947-present; Eero Saarinen

GOLDENROD SHOWBOAT 400 N. Wharf Street St. Louis city 1909

GRAHAM CAVE Just north of Mineola Montgomery County c. 8000 BC

The tallest monument in the United States at 630 feet in height. Its complex and subtle design based on a weighted catenary is unique in architecture and its structural system had never been attempted on such a large scale. Although designed in 1947 and not built until between 1963 and 1968, its symbolic architectural expression is of such simplicity that it remains modern. May 28, 1987.

Last remaining example of the modern era of showboats that ended in the 1920s. Largest and most elaborately decorated of the showboats. December 24, 1967

First site showing development of Eastern Archaic cultures within the Paleo-Indian time range. January 20, 1961.

JOPLIN (SCOTT) RESIDENCE 2685-A Morgan Street St. Louis city 1890s

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue St. Louis city 1859

MUTUAL MUSICIANS ASSOCIATION BUILDING

1823 Highland Avenue Kansas City, Jackson County 1904; Rudolf Markgraf

The only surviving residence of Scott Joplin, the king of ragtime and one of the most creative popular musicians of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. December 8, 1976.

Oldest functioning botanical garden in the United States, long famous for the quality of its displays and for the high quality of its botanical and horticultural research. December 8, 1976.

From the 1920s to the 1940s this building was the home of American Federation of Musicians Local 627, whose riembers created the Kansas City style of American jazz. The membership of the local has included such jazz greats as "Count" Basie, Hershel Evans, Lester Young, and Charlie "Bird" Parker. December 21, 1981.

PATEE HOUSE 12th and Penn streets St. Joseph, Buchanan County 1858

The Patee House was one of the best-known ho te l s west of the Miss iss ippi in the mid-19th cen tury . I t a l s o served as the eas t e rn terminus of the Pony Express. November 5, 1961.

139

Missouri

PERSHING (GENERAL JOHN J.) BOYHOOD HOME

Worlow and State streets Laclede, Linn County c. 1858

RESEARCH CAVE Portland vicinity Callaway County c. 6000 EC

General Pershing was a hero of World War I and a r c h i t e c t of a new U.S. Army. He commanded the l a r g e s t army in U.S. h i s t o r y up to that t ime. May 11 , 1976.

Contains significant prehistoric Indian remains deposited over a span of 8000 years. July 19, 1964.

ST. LOUIS CUSTOMHOUSE AND POST OFFICE

See U.S. CUSTOMHOUSE AND POST OFFICE

SAINTE GENEVIEVE HISTORIC DISTRICT

S t e . Genevieve S t e . Genevieve County 1735

Old French r i v e r town. I t has re ta ined much of the atmosphere of i t s missionary, fur t r ad ing , mining, and m i l i t a r y e r a s . October 9, 1960.

SANBORN FIELD AND SOIL EROSION PLOTS

Columbia, Boone County 1888

TRUMAN (HARRY S) FARM HOME 12301 Blue Ridge Boulevard

Extension Grandview, Jackson County 1867, 1906-17

TRUMAN (HARRY S) HISTORIC DISTRICT

Delaware S t r ee t area Independence, Jackson County 20th century

Oldest completely organized s o i l and crop experimental f i e l d in the United S t a t e s . The p l o t s are on the campus of the Univers i t y of Missouri . Ju ly 19, 1964.

Working here from 1906 to 1917, the future Pres ident developed a b i l i t i e s t ha t served him throughout h i s ca r ee r , such as the knowledge of farming tha t shaped h i s Federal farm programs and enhanced h i s appeal t o farmers in the close-fought e l e c t i o n of 1948. February 4, 1985.

Centers around the former P r e s i d e n t ' s r e s idence (now the Harry S Truman National Hi s to r i c S i t e ) and forms a cor r idor along North Delaware S t r e e t l inking tha t house with the Truman Library. November 11, 1971.

TWAIN (MARK) BOYHOOD HOME 206-208 Hill Street Hannibal, Marion County 1844

UNION STATION 18th and Market s t r e e t s S t . Louis c i t y 1391-94, Link and Cameron;

1892-4 ( t r a i n s h e d ) , Pegram

Samuel L. Clemens (Mark Twain) l ived here from 1839 t o 1853. His novels Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn are e s p e c i a l l y r e f l e c t ive of h i s experiences during t h i s per iod . December 29, 1962.

The f i n e s t surviving example of the High Victor ian p i c t u r e s q u e - e c l e c t i c s t y l e as applied t o r a i l r o a d s t a t i o n s in the 19th century U.S. I t s t r a i n shed was, a t the t ine of cons t ruc t ion , the l a r g e s t continuous t ra inshed in the country. December 30, 1970.

140

M i s s o u r i

U . S . CUSTOMHOUSE AND POST OFFICE

O l i v e , L o c u s t , 8 t h and 9 t h s t r e e t s

S t . L o u i s c i t y 1 8 7 4 - 8 2 ; A l f r e d B . M u l l e t

USS INAUGURAL 300 N o r t h Wharf S t r e e t

S t . L o u i s C i t y 1944

UTZ SITE 12 miles north of Marshall Saline County c. 1673-1728

WAINWRIGHT BUILDING 709 C h e s t n u t S t r e e t S t . L o u i s c i t y 1 8 9 0 - 9 1 ; L o u i s S u l l i v a n

WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY HILLTOP CAMPUS HISTORIC DISTRICT

L i n d e l l and S k i n k e r b o u l e v a r d s S t . L o u i s County 1904; W a l t e r Cope & John and

Emlyn S t e w a r d s o n , James P . J a m i e s o n and George S p e a r 1

WATKINS MILL 6 m i l e s n o r t h w e s t of E x c e l s i o r C l a y County 1859

One of two s u r v i v i n g e x a m p l e s of 6 monument a l l y s c a l e d F e d e r a l b u i l d i n g s i n t h e F rench Second Empire s t y l e d e s i g n e d by t h e S u p e r v i -s i n A r c h i t e c t of t h e U. S . T r e a s u r y i n t h e p o s t C i v i l - W a r e r a . Now-rare r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of a s t y l e i m p o r t a n t i n F e d e r a l l y s p o n s o r e d a r c h i t e c t u r e of t h e p e r i o d . December 3 0 , 1970 .

An example of an Admirab le c l a s s f l e e t m inesweepe r d u r i n g World War I I . They formed t h e l a r g e s t c l a s s of American m i n e s w e e p e r s and p r o v e d t o be t h e most s u c c e s s f u l . Were f i t t e d f o r b o t h w i r e and a c o u s t i c sweeping and c o u l d d o u b l e a s a n t i s u b m a r i n e w a r f a r e and a n t i - a i r c r a f t s h i p s . Were a l s o u sed a s p a t r o l and e s c o r t v e s s e l s . J a n u a r y 14 , 1986 .

B e l i e v e d t o have been t h e p r i n c i p a l s e t t l e ment of t h e M i s s o u r i I n d i a n s . P e r e M a r q u e t t e ' s 1673 map p l a c e d " M e s s o u r i t " I n d i a n s h e r e . J u l y 1 9 , 1964 .

A h i g h l y i n f l u e n t i a l p r o t o t y p e of t h e tnodern o f f i c e b u i l d i n g . S u l l i v a n ' s f i r s t commiss i o n i n v o l v i n g u s e of c o m p l e t e i r o n and s t e e l f r a m i n g . May 2 3 , 1968 .

A s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e L o u i s i a n a P u r c h a s e E x p o s i t i o n , h e l d i n 1904 , and t h e t h i r d i n t h e modern s e r i e s of Olympic Games h e l d i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e E x p o s i t i o n . The Expos i t i o n was t h e l a r g e s t i n a r e a and scope of W o r l d ' s F a i r s up t o t h a t d a t e . The e a r l y b u i l d i n g s h e r e , a l t h o u g h n o t s p e c i f i c a l l y d e s i g n e d a s e x p o s i t i o n s t r u c t u r e s , a r e t h e l a r g e s t e x t a n t g r o u p from t h e heyday of W o r l d ' s F a i r s . F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 .

One of t h e b e s t - p r e s e r v e d e x a m p l e s of a m i d -1 9 t h - c e n t u r y woolen m i l l . I t s b u s i n e s s r e c o r d s and r a r e t e x t i l e m a c h i n e r y have a l s o s u r v i v e d . November 1 3 , 1966 .

WESTMINSTER COLLEGE GYJ4NASIUM F u l t o n , C a l l a w a y County 1928-29

Wins ton C h u r c h i l l i n t r o d u c e d t h e t e r m " I r o n C u r t a i n " i n a s p e e c h h e r e i n 1946 . May 2 , 1968 .

141

Missouri

WHITE HAVEN 9060 Whitehaven Drive Grantwood Village St. Louis County 1808

Is significant because of its long and close association with Ulysses S. Grant. It was the home of his wife, Julia Dent Grant, and the Grants met and courted here. They lived here for a short period in the 1850s, and it was to here that Grant originally planned to retire, before the political scandals of his administration and financial difficulties made that impractical. June 23, 1986.

142

MONTANA (21)

BANNACK HISTORIC DISTRICT 22 miles from Dillon off Montana 278

Beaverhead County 1862

BUTTE HISTORIC DISTRICT Butte, Silver Bow County 1864

CAMP DISAPPOINTMENr 12 miles northeast of Browning Glacier County 1806

FORT BENTON Town of Fort Benton Chouteau County 1859

FORT UNION TRADING POST

GRANITE PARK CHALET

First Territorial capital and the site of Montana's first gold discovery. Remaining buildings are of frame and log construction, typical of a frontier boom town. July 4, 1961.

Center of the largest copper-mining region in the world, where more than $2 billion worth of minerals have been produced. Still an active mining community. July 4, 1961.

A campsite for Meriwether Lewis on his return trip from the Pacific in 1806. Northernmost point reached by the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Situated on the Blackfeet Reservation. May 23, 1966.

Established as a fur trading center, the fort prospered with the growth of steamboat traffic and an 1862 gold strike, but declined with the advent of the railroad. (Now administered as part of the Missouri Breaks Wild and Scenic River by the Bureau of Land Management.) November 5, 1961.

See en t ry in North Dakota l i s t i n g s

See GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY BUILDINGS

GRANT-KOHRS RANCH Edge of Deer Lodge Powell County c . 1853, 1862 (frame ranchhouse)

John Grant, the o r i g i n a l owner of the ranch, i s sometimes c red i ted with founding the r ange -ca t t l e indust ry in Montana. Conrad Kohrs, who bought the ranch about 1866, was among the foremost " c a t t l e kings" of h i s e r a . December 19, 1960. (Now within the National Park System as Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Hi s to r i c S i t e . )

GREAT FALLS PORTAGE South of Great F a l l s Cascade County 1805-06

The Lewis and Clark Expedition undertook an 18-mile, 31-day portage a t Great F a l l s , one of the most d i f f i c u l t o rdea ls of t h e i r v e s t -ward t r i p . May 23, 1966.

143

Montana

GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY BUILDINGS (Many Glacier Hotel, Two Medicine Store, Sperry Chalet, and Granite Park Chalet)

Glacier National Park Glacier and Flathead Counties 1913-15; Thcmas D. McMahon (Many Glacier), Samuel L. Bartlett (Granite Park Chalet, Two Medicine Store), Cutter and Malgren (Sperry Chalet)

HAGEN SITE 5 miles southeast of Glendive Dawson County 1600

An instance in which one d i s t i n c t a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t y l e i s used on such a massive sca le for a park concessions development. Probably the l a rge s t c o l l e c t i o n of Swiss cha le t - type s t r u c t u r e s in the United S t a t e s , and the only U.S. example of the use of a European system of h o s t e l r i e s b u i l t a day ' s hike or r ide a p a r t . May 28, 1987.

Late p r e h i s t o r i c e a r t h lodge v i l l a g e , believed to have been a se t t lement of Crow Indians . Ju ly 19, 1964.

LAKE MCDONALD LODGE Glacier National Park West G lac i e r , Flathead County 1913; Cut ter and Malgren

LEMHI PASS 12 miles east of Tendoy off Idaho 28

Beaverhead County (also in Idaho) 1805

A fine example of Swiss chalet hotel architecture in the United States. Also significant because of its later inclusion, as an addition, to the chalet system of the Glacier Park Hotel Company. May 28, 1987.

At this Pass (elevation 8000 feet) the Lewis and Clark Expedition first crossed the Continental Divide. October 9, 1960.

LOLO TRAIL

MANY GLACIER HOTEL

See en t ry under Idaho l i s t i n g s .

See GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY BUILDINGS

NORTHEAST ENTRANCE STATION Yellowstone National Park V ic in i t y of Cooke City and

S i lve r Gate Park County 1935-present; National Park

Service Branch of Plans and Design

PICTOGRAPH CAVE 7 miles southeast of Billings via U.S. 87

Yellowstone County 2000 BC

Designed following the parameters of the rustic design ethic, it subtly introduces the visitor to the special place they are about to enter. Is not only a physical, but also a psychological boundary between the rest of the world and the area set aside as a permanent wild place. Is the best of its type remaining in the National Park System, and is virtually unchanged since its construction in 1935. May 28, 1987.

One of the key archeological sites used in determining the sequence of prehistoric occupation on the northwestern Plains. (Located in Indian Cave Park.) July 19, 1964.

144

Montana

POMPEY'S PILLAR West of town of Pompey ' s P i l l a r

on U . S . 10 Y e l l o w s t o n e County 1806

RANKIN RANCH 30 m i l e s e a s t of He lena Avalanche Gulch Broadwater County 1923

RUSSELL (CHARLES M.) HOUSE AND STUDIO

1217-1219 4 t h Avenue G r e a t F a l l s , Cascade County 1900

Mass ive n a t u r a l b l o c k of s a n d s t o n e which was a ma jo r landmark on t h e Lewis and C l a r k E x p e d i t i o n . C l a r k ' s s i g n a t u r e , c a r v e d on i t s s u r f a c e , i s s t i l l v i s i b l e . J u l y 2 3 , 1965 .

R e s i d e n c e (1923-56) of J e a n e t t e R a n k i n , f i r s t woman e l e c t e d t o t h e U . S . House of R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s ( 1 9 1 6 ) . She s e r v e d two t e r m s (1917-19) and ( 1 9 4 1 - 4 3 ) . B e s t remembered f o r h e r p a c i f i s m , s h e p l a y e d an i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n women's r i g h t s and s o c i a l r e fo rm movement . She was t h e o n l y member of t h e House t o oppose t h e d e c l a r a t i o n of war a g a i n s t J a p a n i n 1 9 4 1 . May 1 1 , 1976.

R u s s e l l , a p a i n t e r of w e s t e r n s u b j e c t s , o c c u p i e d t h i s house from 1900 t o 1926 . December 2 1 , 1 9 6 5 .

SPERRY CHALET See GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY BUILDINGS

THREE FORKS OF THE MISSOURI N o r t h w e s t of t h e town of T h r e e

F o r k s on t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r G a l l a t i n County 1805

TRAVELER'S REST 1 m i l e s o u t h of L o l o n e a r

U . S . 93 M i s s o u l a County 1805

C a p t a i n W i l l i a m C l a r k , f i r s t European-Ameri c a n t o d i s c o v e r t h i s s p o t , c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r o r i g i n a t e d where t h e Three Forks j o i n e d . (Forms M i s s o u r i R i v e r Headw a t e r s S t a t e Monument.) O c t o b e r 9 , 1960 .

Campsi te where Lewis and C l a r k s t o p p e d b e f o r e c r o s s i n g t h e B i t t e r r o o t Moun ta in s on t h e i r 1805 t r i p w e s t and on t h e i r r e t u r n t h e n e x t y e a r . O c t o b e r 9 , 1960 .

TWO MEDICINE STORE See GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY BUILDINGS

VIRGINIA CITY HISTORIC DISTRICT

V i r g i n i a C i t y , Madison County 1863

T e r r i t o r i a l c a p i t a l of Montana (1865-75) and s i t e of one of t h e g r e a t e s t g o l d s t r i k e s i n t h e Wes t , i n 1 8 6 3 . J u l y 4 , 1 9 6 1 .

WHEELER (BURTON K.) HOUSE 1232 E. 2nd S t r e e t B u t t e , S i l v e r Bow County c . 1900

Montana home (1908-23) of S e n a t e r a d i c a l of the 1920s and 1 9 3 0 s . F i r s t p r o m i n e n t Democrat t o s u p p o r t F .D.R. f o r t h e P r e s i d e n c y , he l a t e r b r o k e w i t h R o o s e v e l t o v e r t h e c o u r t - p a c k i n g p l a n and L e n d - L e a s e . December 8 , 1976.

145

An elaborate Moorish-style building of stuccoed masonry, this complex structure contains the 2-story mud and stone building presented to the United States in 1821 by Sultan Moulay Suliman. The first property acquired abroad by the U.S. Government, it housed the U.S. Legation and Consulate for 140 years, the longest period any building abroad has been occupied as a U.S. diplomatic post. It is symbolic of the 1786 Morocco-U.S. treaty of friendship, which is still in force today. During World War II it served as headquarters for U.S. intelligence agents. December 17, 1982.

146

MOROCCO, KIIXSDOM OF (1)

AMERICAN LEGATION 8 Zankat America (Rue d'Amerique) Tang ie r

NEBRASKA (18)

ASH HOLLCW CAVE 2 miles south of Lewellen Garden County c . 2000 BC-1500 AD

A rock s h e l t e r , occupied sporad ica l ly by p r e h i s t o r i c hunting p a r t i e s for more than 3500 yea r s . Ju ly 19, 1964.

BOYS TOWN

BRYAN (WILLIAM JENNINGS) HOUSE (Fairview)

4900 Sumner Street Lincoln, Lancaster County 1902-22; Artemus A. Roberts

GATHER (WILLA) HOUSE Corner of 3rd and Cedar Streets Red Cloud, Webster County 1878

COUFAL SITE 6 miles northwest of Cotesfield on Davis Creek

Howard County 1138

See FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME

Bryan, who won the Democratic P re s iden t i a l nomination in 1896 a t the age of 36, was twice again (1900, 1908) the losing nominee of h i s p a r t y . Later , he served as Secretary of S ta te under Pres ident Wilson (1913-15). Bryan occupied Fairview from 1902 to 1922. November 6, 1963.

Many of author Ca the r ' s best-known wr i t ings deal with her e a r l y l i f e in Red Cloud, where she l ived in t h i s house from 1884 to 1890. November 11 , 1971.

Major v i l l a g e of the cen t r a l P la ins t r a d i t i o n . Twenty-two houses have been excavated. July 19, 1964.

FAIRVTEW

FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME Boys Town, Douglas County 1921-present

FORT ATKINSON 1 mile east of Fort Calhoun Washington County 1819

FORT ROBINSON AND RED CLOUD AGENCY

2 mi les west of Crawford on U.S. 20

Dawes and Sioux Counties 1871-74

See BRYAN (WILLIAM JENNINGS) HOUSE

Establ ished to provide a heme for homeless boys, t h i s "City of L i t t l e Men" led in the development of new juveni le care methods in 20th-century America, emphasizing soc ia l prepara t ion in what has become a recognized prototype for publ ic boys' homes worldwide. February 4 , 1985.

One of the l i ne of f o r t s ("The Permanent Indian Fron t ie r" ) e s t ab l i shed to guard the western U.S. f r o n t i e r of the 1820s, and to p ro tec t U.S. fur t rade from English compet i t i o n . Headquarters of the Upper Missouri Indian Agency. Abandoned in 1829, only archeoloqical remains surv ive . Ju ly 4, 1961.

The Fort was e s t ab l i shed in 1874, a f t e r the Government had moved Red Cloud and h i s band to the a rea . Served as base for Army campaigns aga ins t severa l groups of Native Americans. After 1919, the for t became a major Quartermaster Remount Depot. December 19, 1960.

147

Nebraska

HILL SITE See PIKE PAWNEE VILLAGE SITE

LEARY SITE 4 miles southeast of Rulo on Nebraska 7

Richardson County 1500-1600

Large prehistoric village and burial area of the Oneota Culture, noted by Lewis and Clark in 1804. July 19, 1964.

MORTON (J. STERLING) HOUSE Centennial Avenue Nebraska City, Otoe County 1855, later enlarged

NEBRASKA STATE CAPITOL 1445 K Street Lincoln, Lancaster County 1922-32; Bertram Goodhue

NORRIS (GEORGE W.) HOUSE 706 Norris Avenue McCook, Red Willow County 1899

PALMER SITE 4 miles northwest of Palmer Howard County 1800-40

Residence (1855-1902) of the founder of Arbor Day. As Secre tary of Agricul ture (1893-97) under President Cleveland, he introduced new areas of research . May 15, 1975.

Designed as a " c l a s s i c a l skyscraper ." Goodhue was among the f i r s t American a r c h i t e c t s t o develop a "modernist" a r c h i t e c t u r a l vocabulary for an o r i g i n a l nat ive s t y l e . January 7, 1976

Norr i s , a Progressive Republican who served in the U.S. House (1903-13) and Senate (1913-43), was a key supporter of the e s t a blishment of the Tennessee Valley Author i ty . He owned t h i s 2-s tory house from 1899 u n t i l h i s death in 1944. May 28, 1967.

A Skidi Pawnee Indian v i l l a g e on the Loup River, reported by Lewis and Clark in 1804. Ju ly 19, 1964.

PIKE PAWNEE VILLAGE SITE (Hil l S i te )

4 mi les southwest of Guide Rock Webster County Late 18th-ear ly 19th cen tu r i e s

Generally accepted as the Pawnee v i l l a g e where L t . Zebulon Pike caused the American flag t o be ra i sed and the Spanish f lag lowered in September 1806. Archeological evidence cor robora tes the i d e n t i f i c a t i o n . Ju ly 19, 1964.

RED CLOUD AGENCY See FORT ROBINSON . . .

ROBIDOUX PASS 9 mi les west of Gering Sco t t s Bluff County c . 1840-50

SCHULTZ SITE 3 miles northwest of North Loup Valley County c. 500

A natural landmark on the old Oregon Trail. This route fell into disuse after the opening of Mitchell Pass in 1850. January 20, 1961.

Only excavated village of the Valley focus, an early Plains-Woodland culture. July 19, 1964.

148

Nebraska

SIGNAL BUTTE 13 miles west of Gering Scotts Bluff County 2500 BC

First site of the middle prehistoric period in the central and northern Plains to be excavated by archeologists. January 20, 1961.

STATE CAPITOL See NEBRASKA STATE CAPITOL

STERNS CREEK SITE See WALKER GILMORE SITE

USS HAZARD 2500 North 24th Street (East) Omaha, Douglas County 1944

WALKER GILMORE SITE (Sterns Creek S i t e )

5 miles southeas t of Murray Cass County P r e h i s t o r i c

An example of an Admirable c l a s s f l e e t minesweeper. They formed the l a rge s t c l a s s of American minesweepers and proved to be the most success fu l . Were f i t t e d for both wire and acous t ic sweeping and could double as anti-submarine warfare and a n t i - a i r c r a f t s h i p s . Were a l so used as pa t ro l and escor t v e s s e l s . She earned 3 b a t t l e s t a r s for her serv ice in World War I I . January 14, 1986.

A key archeologica l s i t e for ou t l in ing the p r e h i s t o r i c c u l t u r a l s tages represented in the cen t r a l P l a i n s . Ju ly 19, 1964.

149

NEVADA (6)

FORT CHURCHILL U . S . 95A Weeks vicinity, Lyon County 1860

Protected the first transcontinental telegraph lines and served as the headquarters for Nevada military posts. November 5, 1961.

FORT RUBY West side of Ruby Lake near

Hobson White Pine County 1862

An important station on the Pony Express and Central Overland Stage Line from 1859 to 1869. November 5, 1961.

HOOVER DAM Black Canyon of t h e C o l o r a d o

R i v e r Mohave County ( A r i z o n a ) , and

C l a r k County (Nevada) 1933

LEONARD ROCKSHELTER 12 m i l e s s o u t h of Love lock

o f f Nevada 59 P e r s h i n g County c . 9000 EC

Among t h e l a r g e s t and e a r l i e s t of t h e Bureau of R e c l a m a t i o n ' s m a s s i v e m u l t i p l e - p u r p o s e dams . D i s t i n g u i s h e d by i t s s i z e , t h e s i z e of i t s h y d r o - e l e c t r i c p l a n t , and i t s impac t on t h e a g r i c u l t u r a l , i n d u s t r i a l , and u r b a n d e v e l o p m e n t of t h e S o u t h w e s t e r n U. S . August 2 0 , 1985 . (A l so i n A r i z o n a )

T h i s s i t e h a s p r o v i d e d i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g e a r l y I n d i a n o c c u p a t i o n i n t h e G r e a t B a s i n . J a n u a r y 2 0 , 1 9 6 1 .

NEWLANDS (FRANCIS G.) HOME 7 Elm C o u r t Reno, Washoe County 1889

Democrat Newlands, a strong supporter of Federal irrigation programs, owned this large frame house from 1889 until his death in 1917. He served in the U.S. House (1893-1903) and Senate (1903-17). May 23, 1963.

VIRGINIA CITY HISTORIC DISTRICT Virginia City, Storey County 1860

A prototype for frontier mining boom towns, Virginia City owes its existence to the discovery of the Comstock Lode in 1859. Still has the atmosphere and appearance of a boom town. July 4, 1961.

150

NEW HAMPSHIRE (20)

ASPET See SAINT-GAUDENS MEMORIAL

BARTLETT (JOSIAH) HOUSE Main S t r e e t Kingston, Rockingham County 1774

B a r t l e t t , s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence and Cons t i tu t ion for New Hamps h i r e , and Chief J u s t i c e and Governor of the S t a t e , l ived here from 1774 u n t i l h i s death in 1795. November 11, 1971.

CHASE (SALMON P.) BIRTHPLACE AND BOrHCOD HOME

Route 12-A Cornish, Sul l ivan County 1790

CUMMINGS, (E. E.) HOUSE (Joy Farm)

S a l t e r H i l l Road S i lve r Lake, Car ro l l County 20th century

Childhood heme (1808-16) of Chase, who served Ohio in the U.S. Senate (1849-55, 1861) and as Governor (1855-59), and the Nation as Secre tary of the Treasury (1861-64) and Chief J u s t i c e (1864-73). In the l a t t e r capaci ty he presided over the impeachment t r i a l of Pres ident Andrew Johnson. May 15, 1975.

A 1-1/2-story white clapboard farmhouse, summer home for e . e . cunmings, an importan t 20th-century poe t . November 11, 1971.

ELMS, THE See WEBSTER FAMILY HOME

FROST (ROBERT) HOMESTEAD 2 miles southeast of Derry on New Hampshire 28

Rockingham County 1870s

Frost, author of eleven volumes of poetry, lived here from 1900 to 1909, writing and farming. May 23, 1968.

HARRISVILLE HISTORIC DISTRICT H a r r i s v i l l e , Cheshire County 1774-1900

H a r r i s v i l l e i s an except iona l ly we l l -preserved i n d u s t r i a l community of the e a r l y 19th century . I t s complex of m i l l s , s t o r e s , boarding houses, dwell ings, churches, and o ther bui ld ings i s v i r t u a l l y i n t a c t . December 22, 1977.

JACKSON (RICHARD) HOUSE Northwest S t r ee t Portsmouth, Rockingham County 1664

JONES (JOHN PAUL) HOUSE Middle and S ta te S t r e e t s Portsmouth, Rockingham County 1758

A sal tbox house, among the f i n e s t of the 70 or so surviving 17th-century wooden houses in New England. Central por t ion has a f loor plan common to medieval-s tyle houses of New England. November 24, 1968.

Bcardinghouse in which the naval hero res ided (1781-82) while supervising const ruct ion of the ship America for the Continental Navy. November 28, 1972.

JOY FARM See E. E. CUMMINGS HOUSE

151

New Hampshire

LADD-GILMAN HOUSE G o v e r n o r s Lane and Water S t r e e t E x e t e r , Rockingham County 1721

LANGDON (GOVERNOR JOHN) MANSION

143 P l e a s a n t S t r e e t P o r t s m o u t h , Rockingham County 1784

N i c h o l a s G i lman , who was b o r n i n t h i s h o u s e , was a d e l e g a t e t o t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n a l Conv e n t i o n and l a t e r s e r v e d i n t h e U . S . House and S e n a t e . December 2 , 1974 .

L a n g d o n ' s c a r e e r i n New Hampshire p o l i t i c s spanned more t h a n 40 y e a r s . He was a d e l e g a t e t o t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n a l C o n v e n t i o n and t h e f i r s t P r e s i d e n t p r o tern of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s S e n a t e . H i s mans ion i s one of the g r e a t G e o r g i a n m a n s i o n s i n A m e r i c a . December 2 , 1974 .

MACDOWELL COLONY West of U . S . 202 P e t e r b o r o u g h , H i l l s b o r o County 1907

MACPHEADRIS-WARNER HOUSE Chape l and D a n i e l S t r e e t s P o r t s m o u t h , Rockingham County 1718-23

Edward MacDowell , one of t h e f i r s t A m e r i c a n s t o be r e c o g n i z e d a s a composer of s e r i o u s m u s i c , l i v e d and worked h e r e . Now a r e t r e a t f o r w r i t e r s , c o m p o s e r s , and p a i n t e r s . December 2 9 , 1962.

T h i s b r i c k house e x e m p l i f i e s t h e l a r g e e a r l y G e o r g i a n - s t y l e h o u s e s once p o p u l a r i n t h e New England C o l o n i e s . O c t o b e r 9 , 1960 .

MOFFATT-LADD HOUSE 154 Marke t S t r e e t P o r t s m o u t h , Rockingham County c . 1764

MOUNT WASHItKlTON HOTEL 6 m i l e s e a s t o f f Route 302 C a r r o l l , Coos County 1 9 0 0 - 1 9 0 2 , 1944;

C h a r l e s A i l i n g G i f f o r d

B u i l t by s h i p c a r p e n t e r s a s a wedding g i f t f o r a w e a l t h y m e r c h a n t ' s s o n . L a t e G e o r g i a n , s q u a r e , 3 - s t o r i e d c l a p b o a r d h o u s e . November 2 4 , 1968 .

T h i s was t h e l a r g e s t s p a i n t h e Whi te Mount a i n s when i t o p e n e d . B u i l t i n S p a n i s h -R e n a i s s a n c e s t y l e , i t i s a l a r g e wooden f r ame , Y-shaped s t r u c t u r e w i t h two 5 - s t o r y o c t a g o n a l t o w e r s . Was t h e l o c a t i o n of t h e 1944 B r e t t o n Woods C o n f e r e n c e , an i n t e r n a t i o n a l g a t h e r i n g of e c o n o m i s t s , l a w y e r s , and p o l i t i c i a n s t o c h a r t a b l u e p r i n t f o r t h e w o r l d ' s m o n e t a r y s y s t e m . The World Bank was e s t a b l i s h e d a t t h i s C o n f e r e n c e . J u n e 2 4 , 1986 .

PIERCE (FRANKLIN) HCWESTEAD 3 m i l e s w e s t of H i l l s b o r o on

New Hampshi re 31 H i l l s b o r o County 1804

F r a n k l i n P i e r c e , 14 th P r e s i d e n t of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , l i v e d i n t h i s house from i n f a n c y u n t i l h i s m a r r i a g e i n 1834 . J u l y 4 , 1 9 6 1 .

SAINT-GAUDENS (AUGUSTUS) MEMORIAL

S o u t h of P l a i n f i e l d o f f N.H. 12-A

C o r n i s h , S u l l i v a n County c . 1800

The home ( c a l l e d " A s p e t " ) , g a r d e n s , and s t u d i o s of one of A m e r i c a ' s most e m i n e n t s c u l p t o r s , who moved i n t o t h e house i n 1885 and s p e n t many of h i s most p r o d u c t i v e y e a r s h e r e . J u n e 1 3 , 1962 . (Now w i t h i n t h e N a t i o n a l Pa rk Sys tem a s t h e S a i n t - G a u d e n s N a t i o n a l H i s t o r i c S i t e . )

152

New Hampshire

SULLIVAN (JOHN) HOUSE 23 New Market Road Durham, Strafford County 1729-41, Dr. Samuel Adams

Sul l ivan , who l ived in t h i s 2-s tory frame house from 1764 to 1795, was a major general in the Continental Army. November 28, 1972.

THORNTON (MATTHEW) HOUSE 2 Thornton Street Derry Village, Rockingham County 1740-79

This 2-s tory s a l t box - s ty l e frame house belonged to Thornton, who signed the Declara t ion of Independence for New Hampshire and served in the Continental Congress. November 11, 1971.

WEBSTER (DANIEL) FAMILY HOME (The Elms)

S. Main S t r e e t W. Frankl in , Merrimack County Pre-1800

Used by Webster as a home, vacation r e t r e a t , and experimental farm. Gravesi tes of h i s parents and four brothers and s i s t e r s are located here . May 30, 1974.

WENTWORTH-COOLIDGE MANSION L i t t l e Harbor Road, off U.S. 1A,

2 miles south of Portsmouth Rockingham County 1695, 1730, 1750

WENTIVTORTH-CIARDNER HOUSE 140 Mechanic S t r e e t Portsmouth, Rockingham County 1760

Rambling H-shaped frame house, home and headquarters of Benning Wentworth, 1st Royal Governor of New Hampshire (1741). November 24, 1968.

A New England residence which demonstrated the changes in Georgian a r ch i t ec tu r e since the e a r l y years of the 18th century . November 24, 1968.

153

NEW JERSEY (43)

ABBOTT FARM HISTORIC DISTRICT Trenton, Mercer County c . 500 BC-500 AD

The l a r g e s t known Middle Woodland v i l l a g e archeologica l s i t e in the coas t a l Mid-Atlantic/New England region. I n t e r p r e t a t i o n of data from Abbott Farm became the focal point of a famous for ty-year controversy about the a n t i q u i t y of human occupation of the New World. December 8, 1976.

ATLANTIC CITY CCWVENTION HALL Georgia and Miss iss ippi Avenues

and the Boardwalk A t l a n t i c Ci ty , A t l a n t i c County 1926-29, 1964; Lockwood-Greene

and Co.

BALLANTINE (JOHN) HOUSE 43 Washington S t r e e t Newark, Essex County 1884, George E. Harney;

1899-1900 add i t ions

BOTTO (PIETRO AND MARIA) HOUSE 83 Norwood S t r e e t Haledon, Passaic County 1908

The remaining ed i f i ce tha t best r e c a l l s the c i t y ' s h i s t o r i c heydey as a seaside r e s o r t . I s the l a r g e s t s t r uc tu r e on the Boardwalk and i s s i gn i f i c an t in the h i s t o r y of large-span s t r u c t u r e s , conta in ing , when i t was b u i l t , the l a r g e s t room with an unobstructed view and the l a rge s t pipe organ in the world. I s a l s o the scene of one of America's g r e a t e s t pageants , the Miss America Contest . February 27, 1987.

One of the very few completely documented 19th-century "pa laces , " i t v iv id ly evokes a p ic tu re of Victor ian l i f e of the wealthy. Bui l t for a member of the Bal lan t ine family, whose brewery in Newark was highly successfu l . Now incorporated in to the Newark Museum of Art , with minor a l t e r a t i o n s . February 4, 1985.

From the balcony of t h i s 2-s tory rec tangular block stone house, l eaders of the I n d u s t r i a l Workers of the World (IWW, the "Wobblies") r a l l i e d workers during the Paterson S i lk S t r ike (1913), a s a l i e n t event in the American labor movement. December 17, 1982.

BOXWOOD HALL (Boudinot Mansion) 1073 E. Je rsey S t r e e t E l izabe th , Union County c . 1750

BURLINCTTON COUNTY PRISON High S t r e e t Mt. Holly, Burlington County 1810; Robert Mills

This modest county prison was designed and constructed after plans embodying the most modern correctional methods prevalent in the early years of the 19th century. Its heavy stone walls were also an early attempt at fireproofing a building. It served the community until 1966, the oldest prison in continuous use at that time. June 24, 1986.

154

Elias Boudinot, President of the Continental Congress (1782), purchased Boxwood Hall in 1772 and owned it until 1795. In that year, he sold it to Jonathan Dayton, the youngest signer of the Constitution, who was then Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. Dayton resided here until his death in 1824. November 28, 1972.

New Jersey

CAPE MAY HISTORIC DISTRICT City of Cape May Cape May County 1840s-1920s

CLARK THREAD COMPANY HISTORIC DISTRICT

900 P a s s a i c Avenue E. Newark, Hudson County 1875-1910

CLEVELAND (GROVER) HOME ( W e s t l a n d )

15 Hodge Road P r i n c e t o n , Mercer County 1854

One of t h e l a r g e s t e x t a n t c o l l e c t i o n s of l a t e 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y frame b u i l d i n g s i n t h e U . S . In i t s more t h a n 600 s e a s h o r e h o u s e s and h o t e l s i s a a l m o s t c o m p l e t e showcase of l a t e V i c t o r i a n a r c h i t e c t u r e , w i t h many b u i l d i n g s i n e c l e c t i c and v e r n a c u l a r v e r s i o n s of t r a d i t i o n a l fo rma l s t y l e s . May 1 1 , 1976 .

The d i s t r i c t i n c l u d e s most of t h e p r i n c i p a l m i l l b u i l d i n g s u sed by t h e company i n the l a t e 19 th c e n t u r y , when t h e C l a r k Co . d e v l o p e d i n t o t h e w o r l d ' s f o r e m o s t maker o f c o t t o n sewing t h r e a d . J u n e 2 , 1 9 7 8 .

P r e s i d e n t of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ( 1 8 8 5 - 8 9 ; 1893-97) C l e v e l a n d r e t i r e d t o t h i s s t u c c o -c o v e r e d s t o n e house a t t h e end of h i s s econd t erm. He r e s i d e d h e r e u n t i l h i s d e a t h i n 1908 . J u n e 2 3 , 1 9 6 5 .

EINSTEIN (ALBERT) HOUSE 112 Merce r S t r e e t P r i n c e t o n , Merce r County 1870s - 1880s

THE FACTORY, SPEEDWELL VILLAGE 333 S p e e d w e l l Avenue M o r r i s t o w n , M o r r i s County 1 8 t h - 1 9 t h c e n t u r i e s

FORT HANCOCK AND SANDY HOOK PROVING GROUND HISTORIC DISTRICT

Sandy Hook, Monmouth County 1857-1974

E i n s t e i n ' s home d u r i n g h i s r e s i d e n c e a t P r i n c e t o n . He l i v e d h e r e from 1936 u n t i l h i s d e a t h i n 1955 . E i n s t e i n i s b e s t remembe red f o r h i s a c h i e v e m e n t s i n t h r e e t h e o r e t i c a l d i r e c t i o n s : t h e s p e c i a l t h e o r y o f r e l a t i v i t y , t h e g e n e r a l t h e o r y of r e l a t i v i t y , and u n i f i e d f i e l d t h e o r y . J a n u a r y 7 , 1976.

Samuel F . B . Morse d e v e l o p e d and s u c c e s s f u l l y d e m o n s t r a t e d t h e t e l e g r a p h i n t h e V a i l F a c t o r y i n 1838 . The V i l l a g e i s t h e s i t e of a 19 th c e n t u r y i r o n w o r k s c o m p l e x , i n c l u d i n g t h e V a i l Homestead , F a c t o r y , and o u t b u i l d i n g s . May 3 0 , 1974.

C o n t a i n s a b o u t 110 h i s t o r i c b u i l d i n g s and 16 c o a s t a l d e f e n s e b a t t e r i e s d a t i n g from c . 1 8 7 5 - 1 9 5 0 . The d i s t r i c t r e f l e c t s t h e h i s t o r y of a v i t a l d e f e n s e i n s t a l l a t i o n g u a r d i n g New York C i t y and i t s h a r b o r . The P r o v i n g Ground p l a y e d a key r o l e i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of c o a s t a l and f i e l d a r t i l l e r y , a s w e l l a s r a d a r . December 17 , 1982 . (A u n i t i n Gateway N a t i o n a l R e c r e a t i o n Area s i n c e 1974 . )

FORTUNE (T . THOMAS) HOUSE 94 W. Bergen P l a c e Red Bank, Monmouth County 1860-85

From 1901 t o 1915 t h e home of t h e c r u s a d i n g B lack j o u r n a l i s t , who a r t i c u l a t e d t h e c a u s e of Black r i g h t s i n h i s n e w s p a p e r s a t t h e t u r n of t h e 2 0 t h c e n t u r y . December 8 , 1976 .

155

New Jersey

GEORGIAN COURT (Georgian Court College)

Lakewood Avenue Lakewood, Ocean County 1898; Bruce Price

GOULD (GEORGE JAY) ESTATE

A palatial "Georgian Revival" estate designed for the wealthy eldest son of Jay Gould, by a man who was among the most able and well-known architects in America in the last quarter of the 19th century. February 4, 1985.

See GEORGIAN COURT

GREAT ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC TEA COMPANY WAREHOUSE

Provost Street between 1st and Bay Streets

Jersey City, Hudson County c . 1900

Building used by the n a t i o n ' s f i r s t coas t -to -coas t grocery chain as pa r t of a manufactur ing and d i s t r i b u t i o n center for the New York-New Jersey-Long Island a rea , between 1900 and 1929. L i t t l e - a l t e r e d 9-s tory s t r u c ture of reinforced concre te . June 2, 1978.

GREAT FALLS OF THE PASSAIC SOCIETY FOR UNIVERSAL MANUFACTURING HISTORIC DISTRICT

Paterson, Passaic County 1792-1912

Site of the first attempt in the United States to harness the entire power of a major river for industrial purposes. Remains include an original raceway and later hydroelectric plant. May 11, 1976.

HANGAR NO. 1, LAKEHURST NAVAL AIR STATION

North of Lakehurst on County Route 547

Ocean County 1921

Home por t for the Navy's r i g i d a i r s h i p s , or d i r i g i b l e s . Scene of the crash of the German zeppelin Hindenberq in 1937. May 23, 1968.

HENRY (JOSEPH) HOUSE Princeton Univers i ty campus Pr inceton, Mercer County 1837

HERMITAGE (Waldwic Cottage) 335 N. Franklin Turnpike Hohokus, Bergen County Mid-18th century; 1845

(remodeled), William H. Ranlett

Henry did important research in the f i e l d of electromagnetism, and served as the 1st Secre tary of the Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n (1846-78) and Pres ident of the National Academy of Sciences (1868-78). He l ived in t h i s 2-s tory brick house while he taught (1832-46) a t what became Princeton Univers i t y . January 12, 1965.

Only remaining Gothic Revival house d e f i n i t e l y a t t r i b u t a b l e to William Ran le t t . Rebuil t and enlarged from an 18th century s t r u c t u r e , i t i s an outstanding example of the e a r l y , romantic, phase of the Gothic rev iva l in American domestic a r c h i t e c t u r e . August 29, 1970.

HEWES (JOSEPH) BIRTHPLACE AND BOYHOOD HOME

See MAYBURY HILL

HOPKINSON (FRANCIS) HOUSE 101 Farnsworth Avenue Bordentown, Burlington County 1750

Hopkinson, a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence, lawyer, author , and composer, l ived here from 1774 u n t i l h i s death in 1791. Ju ly 17, 1971.

156

New Jersey

LAKEHURST NAVAL AIR STATION, HANGAR NO. 1

See HANGAR NO. 1

LAWRENCEVILLE SCHOOL Lawrencevil le , Mercer County 1870-86; Peabody and S t e a m s ,

Frederick Law Olmsted

LIVINGSTCN (WILLIAM) HOUSE (Liberty Hall)

Morris and North Avenues Union, Union County 1772

A r a r e , surviving example of the successful co l labora t ion of a r c h i t e c t s and landscape planners working together a t an educat ional es tab l i shment . Most successful of the schools designed by Peabody and S t ea rns . The Olmsted p lan t ings form a bo tan ica l l i b r a r y and l abora to ry . This school , which pioneered in progressive educat ion, r e t a i n s i t s h i s t o r i c appearance as almost no other p r iva te school in the United S t a t e s . February 24, 1986.

Three-part frame house, occupied from 1773 to 1790 by William Livingston, a major p o l i t i c a l leader during the Revolutionary War period and a s igner of the Cons t i tu t ion . November 28, 1972.

LUCY, THE MARGATE ELEPHANT Margate Ci ty , A t l an t i c County 1881

MACLEAN HOUSE

MARGATE ELEPHANT, THE

Designed and patented by James V. Laffer ty , t h i s e l ephan t -ho te l i s the l a s t ex tan t example of t h i s type of a r c h i t e c t u r a l " f o l l y . " May 11 , 1976.

See PRESIDENT'S HOUSE . . .

See LUCY . . .

MAYBURY HILL (Joseph Hewes Birthplace and Boyhood Home)

Snowden Lane Princeton, Mercer County c. 1725

MCWMOUTH BATTLEFIELD Northwest of Freehold on New Jersey 522

Monmouth County 1778

MORVEN Stockton S t r e e t Pr ince ton , Mercer County 1754-55

NASSAU HALL Princeton University campus Princeton, Mercer County 1754-56

Georgian stone farmhouse, boyhood home of Hewes, who was born here in 1730. He moved to North Carolina in 1760, and was a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence and a member of the Continental Congress for t ha t colony. November 11, 1971.

Washington's troops attempted to disrupt British Gen. Henry Clinton's march to Sandy Hook following the British evacuation of Philadelphia, at the Battle of Monmouth (June 1778). January 20, 1961.

A mid-18th-century Georgian res idence , Morven was the home of Richard Stockton, a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence. The o f f i c i a l residence of New J e r s e y ' s Governors s ince 1954. Ju ly 17, 1971.

Oldest bui lding on the campus, used as a barracks and hosp i t a l during the Revolution. Scene of the l a s t B r i t i s h stand during the Bat t le of Pr ince ton . October 9, 1960.

157

New Jersey

NAST (THOMAS) HOME (Vi l la Fontana)

MacCulloch Avenue and Mil ler Road

Morristown, Morris County 1860-61

Nast lived in this clapboard Victorian-period house from 1873 to 1902, during most of his career as a pol i t ical cartoonist. January 29, 1964.

NEWARK MUSEUM OF ART See BALLANTINE HOUSE

NEW ST. MARY'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH Northside of Broad S t r e e t

between Talbot and Wood S t s . Burlington, Burlington County 1846-1854; Richard Upjohn

An important s i te in the history of the Gothic-Revival style in America. The f i r s t attempt in this county to follow a specific English medieval church model for which measured drawings existed. I t s design and construction were a milestone in the career of i t s 19th century architect, firmly establishing him as the foremost practitioner of the Gothic style in the United States. June 24, 1986.

OLD BARRACKS S. Willow S t r e e t Trenton, Mercer County c . 1758

Only surviving barracks of f ive e rec ted by New J e r s e y ' s Colonial l e g i s l a t u r e t o house t roops during the French and Indian War. November 28, 1972.

OLD QUEENS, RUTGERS UNIVERSITY New Brunswick, Middlesex County 1808-09; John McCcmb, J r .

PALISADES INTERSTATE PARK On the west bank of the Hudson

River Bergen County 1899

Designed in the Federal s t y l e , t h i s i s the f i r s t col lege bui lding a t Rutgers . May 11 , 1976.

Represents a j o i n t e f f o r t by New York and New Jersey t o preserve the scenic beauty of the c l i f f s on the western s ide of the Hudson River . January 12, 1965.

PRESIDENT'S HOUSE (Maclean House)

Nassau S t r e e t Pr ince ton , Mercer County 1756; Robert Smith

PRINCETON BATTLEFIELD Pr inceton, Mercer County 1777

PROSPECT (The Wbodrow Wilson House)

Princeton Univers i ty campus Pr ince ton , Mercer County 1851-52; John Notman

Off ic ia l res idence of P r ince ton ' s p r e s i dents from 1756 u n t i l 1879. Early occupant John Witherspoon was a delegate to the Continental Congress and a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence. Ju ly 17, 1971.

Washington's v i c to ry here helped r a i s e the morale of the c o l o n i s t s a t a time when the Continental Army had suffered a s e r i e s of d e f e a t s . Now a Sta te park. January 20, 1961.

Woodrow Wilson l ived a t Prospect from 1902 in to 1911, a period s i g n i f i c a n t both for h i s presidency of Princeton Univers i ty and the beginning of h i s p o l i t i c a l c a r e e r . Bui l t in the Tuscan v i l l a s t y l e . February 4, 1985.

158

New Jersey

RED BANK BATTLEFIELD East bank of the Delaware River,

a t west end of Hessian Avenue Gloucester County 1777

Fort Mercer, an ear then for t e rec ted t o guard the r i v e r approach to Phi lade lphia , was successfu l ly defended by Americans in the Ba t t l e of Red Bank. Their v i c to ry delayed the opening of the Delaware River as a route of supply for General Howe's army, which had occupied Phi ladelphia on Sept . 26. November 28, 1972.

RINGWOOD MANOR 3 miles east of Hewitt Passaic County 1742 (furnace), c. 1815 (manor house)

The manor has long been associated with the American iron industry. Prominent iron manufacturers directed the operation of the Ringwood Furnace in the 18th and 19th centuries. Now a State park. November 13, 1966.

RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, OLD QUEENS

See OLD QUEENS ...

SANDY HOOK LIGHT Sandy Hook, Monmouth County 1764

SHADOW LAWN Cedar and Norwood Avenues West Long Branch, Monmouth County 1927; Horace Trumbauer

SOCIETY FOR UNIVERSAL MANUFACTURING HISTORIC DISTRICT

Rising 88 fee t above the water , t h i s i s the o ldes t s tanding l i gh t tower in the United S t a t e s . January 29, 1964.

A p a l a t i a l French-style residence with a spec tacular c o r t i l e , designed by an a r c h i t e c t who was among the f i ne s t American p rac t i t i o n e r s in the French c l a s s i c a l t r a d i t i o n . Bui l t for the wealthy pres ident of the F. W. Woolworth company, and now the cen t r a l bui lding of Monmouth College. February 4, 1985.

See GREAT FALLS OF THE PASSAIC . . .

SPEEDWELL VILLAGE, THE FACTORY

See THE FACTORY . . .

STAOTON (ELIZABETH CADY) HOUSE 135 Highwood Avenue Tenafly, Bergen County c . 1868

S. U. M. HISTORIC DISTRICT

Residence (1868-87) of the e a r l y proponent, phi losopher , and leader of the woman's r i g h t s movement, who del ivered the c a l l for female suffrage a t the Seneca F a l l s (N.Y.) Convention of 1848. May 15, 1975.

See GREAT FALLS OF THE PASSAIC . . .

TRENT (WILLIAM) HOUSE 539 S. Warren S t r e e t Trenton, Mercer County 1719

After purchasing large t r a c t s of land in 1714, Trent had the township of "Trent Town" la id out on h i s proper ty in 1721. His r e s i dence i s a large res tored br ick country house. April 15, 1970.

159

New Jersey

VAIL FACTORY

VILLA FONTANA

WALDWTC COTTAGE

WASHINGTON CROSSING STATE PARK On the Delaware River Yardley vicinity, Mercer County 1776

WESTLAND

WHITMAN (WALT) HOUSE 330 Mickle Street Camden, Camden County c. 1848

WILSON (WOODROW) HOUSE

See FACTORY, THE

See NAST HOME

See HERMITAGE

Site of the landing of Washington's principal forces, as they prepared to raid Trenton on Christmas night, 1776. (Also in Pennsylvania.) January 20, 1961.

See CLEVELAND HOME

Whitman, the "Poet of Democracy," occupied this frame house from 1884 to 1892, the last 8 years of his life. December 29, 1962.

See PROSPECT

160

NEW MEXICO (40)

ABO 3 miles west of town of Abo on U.S. 60

Torrance County c. 1300s-1670s

ACOMA PUEBLO 13 miles south of Casa Blanca on New Mexico 23

Cibola County c. 1100 AD

ANDERSON BASIN (Blackwater Draw) 13 miles southeast of Clovis via U.S. 70 and secondary roads

Roosevelt County c. 13,000-8,000 EC

BANDELIER CCC HISTORIC DISTRICT Bandelier National Monument Los Alamos and Sandoval Counties 1933-present; Lyle Bennett

BARRIO DE ANALCO HISTORIC DISTRICT

Santa Fe, Santa Fe County 1620

BIG BEAD MESA West of Casa Salazar on

secondary roads Sandoval County 1745-1812

BLACKWATER DRAW

Site of a large, unexcavated Pueblo and a Spanish mission, occupied from late prehistoric times into the historic era. June 13, 1962. (Part of Salinas National Historic Site.)

One of the o ldes t continuously occupied se t t l ements in the United S t a t e s , t h i s Pueblo s i t s f o r t r e s s - l i k e atop a high mesa. The Acoma have considerable i n t e r ac t i on with neighboring non-Indians, yet maintain t h e i r i d e n t i t y as a separate community with d i s t i n c t i v e c u l t u r a l systems. October 9, 1960.

S t r a t i f i e d a reas of the s i t e have yie lded information about the nature of man and h i s environment a t the end of the l a s t period of g l a c i a t i o n . January 20, 1961.

The l a r g e s t c o l l e c t i o n of CCC-built s t r u c tu re s in a National Park area tha t has not been a l t e r ed by new s t r u c t u r e s in the d i s t r i c t . This group of 31 bui ld ings i l l u s t r a t e s the guiding p r i n c i p l e s of National Park Service r u s t i c a r c h i t e c t u r e . May 28, 1987.

Unique because i t r epresen t s an ac t ive working-class neighborhood of Spanish Colonial h e r i t a g e . Contains numerous examples of Spanish-Pueblo a r c h i t e c t u r e , charac ter ized by the adobe cons t ruc t ion indigenous to the Southwest. November 24, 1968.

After moving in to the Big Bead Mesa region, the Navajos e s t ab l i shed a stronghold t h a t menaced the pueblos of Laguna and Acoma, and formed an a l l i ance with the Gila Apaches. Important r epresen ta t ive of p a t t e r n s of t rade and ra id ing tha t charac ter ized Navajo r e l a t i o n s with Pueblos, Apache, and His -pan ics . (Within Cibola National Fores t . ) Ju ly 19, 1964.

See ANDERSON BASIN

161

New Mexico

BLUMENSCHEIN (ERNEST L.) HOUSE Ledoux S t r e e t Taos, Taos County Pre-1823

Blumenschein was co-founder of the Taos a r t colony, which made the town an important a r t center a f t e r 1898. This adobe house, which he acquired in 1919, was h i s home and s t u d i o . December 21 , 1965.

CAMP FURLONG See COLUMBUS . . .

CARLSBAD RECLAMATION PROJECT North of Carlsbad, Eddy County 1880s

CARSON (KIT) HOUSE Kit Carson Avenue Taos, Taos County 1825

CLAYTON COMPLEX

Pecos Valley inhabitants constructed several stone dams in the 1880s, an early irrigation project built by private enterprise. Present expanded program is partially under Federal control. July 19, 1964.

Taos was a rendezvous point and winter quarters for many fur trappers. Carson, one of the most famous, owned this house from 1843 to 1868, the year he died. May 23, 1963.

See RABBIT EARS

COLUMBUS AND CAMP FURLONG Columbus, Luna County 1916-17

EL SANTUARIO DE CHIMAYO Chimayo, Santa Fe County 1816

FOL30M SITE 8 miles west of Folsom on

Dead Horse Gulch Union County c . 13,000-8,000 EC

Scene of "Pancho" V i l l a ' s a t t ack (March 9, 1916) and assembly point for Gen. John J . Persh ing ' s pun i t ive expedi t ion t h a t penet r a t ed 300 miles in to Mexico. May 15, 1975.

Very wel l preserved, unres tored , example of a small adobe church, notable for i t s o r i g ina l decora t ions , including numerous superb r e l i g i o u s p a i n t i n g s . April 15, 1970.

Archeological d i scover i e s a t t h i s s i t e confirmed theo r i e s of the e a r l y advent of humans in the Americas. January 20, 1961.

GLORIETA PASS BATTLEFIELD 10 mi les southeast of Santa Fe

on U.S. 84-85 San Miguel and Santa Fe Counties 1862

The b a t t l e of G lo r i e t a Pass (March 26-28, 1862) ended a Confederate invasion of New Mexico t h a t threatened t o se ize a large pa r t of the Southwest. November 5, 1961.

HAWIKUH 12 miles southwest of Zuni Cibola County 16th century

LA JUNTA

Largest of the "Cities of Cibola" and the first Pueblo to be visited by Coronado. Excavated 1917-23. Hawikuh is on the Zuni Indian Reservation. October 9, 1960.

See WATROUS

162

New Mexico

IAS TRAMPAS HISTORIC DISTRICT Las Trampas, Taos County 1751

LINCOLN HISTORIC DISTRICT Lincoln, Lincoln County 1870s-80s

LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY

Central Avenue Los Alamos, Los Alamos County 1943

MANUELITO COMPLEX 6 miles south of Manuelito McKinley County c . 700-1400

The v i l l a g e , a Spanish-American a g r i c u l t u r a l community, p reserves s i g n i f i c a n t elements of i t s 18th-century he r i t age in appearance and c u l t u r e . May 28, 1967.

One of the best preserved of the f r o n t i e r cow towns. Scene of the climax of the Lincoln County War (1878), a famous c a t t l e men's f r o n t i e r feud. December 19, 1960.

Founded for the purpose of developing the f i r s t nuclear f i s s i on bomb. Continues to be a cen te r for research on nuclear weapons and peaceful app l i ca t i ons of atomic energy. December 21 , 1965.

S i t e s wi th in t h i s va l ley were occupied from about 700 to 1400 AD, with even e a r l i e r Basketmaker p i t house a r e a s . Ju ly 19, 1964.

MESILLA PLAZA 2 mi les south of Las Cruces on New Mexico 28

Dona Ana County 1848

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REGION I I I HEADQUARTERS BUILDING

(Southwest Region) Old Santa Fe T r a i l Santa Fe, Santa Fe County 1937-present; Ceci l Doty

( a r c h i t e c t ) , Harvey Cornell (landscape a r c h i t e c t )

PALACE OF THE GOVERNORS Santa Fe Plaza Santa Fe, Santa Fe County 1610-12

PECOS PUEBLO South of Pecos on New Mexico 63 San Miguel County prior to 1540

PUYE RUINS 14 miles west of Espanola on New Mexico 5 and 30

Rio Arriba County c. 1250-1550

On July 4, 1854, the American flag was raised over the Plaza, confirming the Gadsden Purchase Treaty. The town retains the flavor of a Mexican village. July 4, 1961.

A masterpiece of Spanish-Pueblo Revival architecture. The largest known adobe office building and perhaps the largest secular adobe building in the United States. Contains an outstanding art collection, ranging from items done by members of Santa Fe's art colony in the 1930s to Pueblo pottery and Navajo rugs. May 28, 1987.

Oldest public building in the continental U.S., used as the territorial capitol and Governor's residence under Spanish, Mexican, and American regimes. October 9, 1960.

A sizeable Pueblo community by the 17th century and important in the history of the Spanish arrival in New Mexico, it was abandoned in the 19th century by its last Pueblo residents. October 9, 1960. (Now in the National Park System as Pecos National Monument.)

Among the largest of the prehistoric Indian settlements on the Pajarito Plateau, showing a variety of architectural forms and building techniques. Located on the Santa Clara Indian Reservation. May 23, 1966.

163

New Mexico

QUARAI 1 mile south of Punta de Agua Torrance County c . 1250-1400 in to 1670s

Pueblo and mission here help t o document the e a r l y period of Pueblo-Spanish con tac t . As the e c c l e s i a s t i c a l headquarters of the Inqu i s i t i on in New Mexico, they a l so played an important ro le in the con t rovers ies between church and s t a t e of the 1600s. June 13, 1962. (Part of Sa l inas National H i s to r i c S i t e . )

RABBIT EARS (Clayton Complex) North and west of Clayton Union County 1822

RATON PASS U.S. 85-87, Colorado-New Mexico

border Raton V ic in i t y , Colfax County 1821, 1861-65

SANDIA CAVE 11 mi les e a s t of B e r n a l i l l o on

New Mexico 44 Sandoval County c . 9000-8000 BC

SAN ESTEVAN DEL REY MISSION CHURCH

On New Mexico 23 Accma, Cibola County 1629-42, 1799-1800 (repaired)

SAN FRANCISCO DE ASSISI MISSION CHURCH

The Plaza Ranchos de Taos, Taos County c. 1772-1816

Double-peaked hills rising above level plains. Major landmark for travelers on the Cimarron Cutoff of the Santa Fe Trail. The landmark includes several other historic sites and camps along a section of the Trail which has few modern intrusions. May 23, 1963.

Because the branch of the Santa Fe Trail through Raton Pass was longer and more rugged than the Cimarron Cutoff, the Cutoff had become "the" Santa Fe Trail by the time of the Mexican-American War. From 1861 to 1865 traffic through the Pass increased, as Confederate raiders and the threat of attack by some Southern Plains Indians halted traffic over the Cimarron Cutoff. December 19, 1960.

Excavations here have yielded information on three distinct prehistoric groups. Represents one of the earliest known occupations of the Americas. Situated in the Cibola National Forest. January 20, 1961.

Large, impressive example of the Spanish Colonial mission church in New Mexico, blending European plan and general form with Pueblo construction and decorative detail Located at the Accma Pueblo. April 15, 1970.

Large and excellent example of the New Mexican Spanish Colonial church. Stuccoed adobe, built with exceptionally massive walls. April 15, 1970.

SAN GABRIEL DE YUNGHE-OUINGE 4 miles north of Espanola Rio Arriba County c. 1599

Ruins mark the site of the first Spanish-built capital of New Mexico, established at a Tewa Pueblo which the Spanish took over. The capital was removed to Santa Fe in 1610. July 19, 1964.

164

New Mexico

SAN JOSE DE GRATIA CHURCH North s ide of the Plaza Las Trampas, Taos County 1760-76

SAN LAZARO 25 miles south of Santa Fe Santa Fe County Late p r e h i s t o r i c - c . 1690

SANTA FE PLAZA Santa Fe, Santa Fe County c . 1610

SETON VILLAGE 6 miles south of Santa Fe Santa Fe County 1930

TAOS PUEBLO 3 miles north of Taos Taos County c. 1350-1450

TRINITY SITE Bingham vicinity, Socorro County 1945

WAGON MOUND East of Wagon Mound on U.S. 85 Mora County 1822-79

WATROUS (LA JUNTA) Watrous, Mora County 1843

One of the bes t -preserved and most represent a t i ve examples of the Spanish Colonial churches in New Mexico. I n t e r i o r decorat ion includes pa in t ings on carved wooden reredos and s idewal ls and under the balcony. April 15, 1970.

Two pueblos a t t h i s s i t e represent the l a rge s t ru in in the Ga l i s t eo Basin. One i s p r e h i s t o r i c , the other h i s t o r i c . The ruins t h i s o f fe r oppor tun i t i e s for research in to the development and h i s t o r y of Puebloan peoples in the Ga l i s t eo Basin. Ju ly 19, 1964.

H i s t o r i c a l l y the c i t y ' s commercial and soc ia l center and the terminus of the Santa Fe T r a i l . The Palace of the Governors, on the Plaza, was the s i t e of a f l a g - r a i s i n g in 1846 e s t a b l i s h i n g American r u l e . December 19, 1960.

The Vil lage grew up around the 45-room " c a s t l e " b u i l t by Ernest Seton, a conservat i o n i s t ac t ive in the Boy Scout movement. December 21 , 1965.

The Pueblo was a cen te r of r e s i s t ance t o Spanish ru le in the 17th century . One of the most t r a d i t i o n a l of the Eastern Pueblos, Taos has borrowed from Anglo- and Spanish-American c u l t u r e s over cen tu r i e s of con tac t , while r e t a in ing i t s c u l t u r a l i n t e g r i t y and i d e n t i t y as a community. October 9, 1960.

World's f i r s t nuclear device was exploded here in mid-July 1945. Now p a r t of the White Sands Missi le Range. December 21 , 1965.

Westernmost g rea t landmark of the high Pla ins sec t ion of the Cimarron Cutoff of the Santa Fe T r a i l . Wagon Mound served as a guidepost for caravans moving westward. May 23, 1963.

Point a t which the Mountain and Cimarron Cutoff rou tes of the Santa Fe T r a i l divided. Wagon t r a i n s organized here before enter ing h o s t i l e Indian t e r r i t o r y . May 23, 1963.

165

New Mexico

WHITE SANDS V-2 LAUNCHING SITE LAUNCH COMPLEX 33

White Sands Missi le Range Dona Ana County 1945-46; U. S. Army

Closely associa ted with the V-2, the o r ig in s of the American rocket program, and the leadership of Dr. Werner von Braun. The V-2 Gantry Crane and Army Blockhouse here represent the f i r s t generat ion of rocket t e s t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t h a t would lead t o U.S explora t ion of space. October 3, 1985.

ZUNI-CIBOLA COMPLEX Valencia County Late P r e h i s t o r i c to 1539

A s e r i e s of s i t e s on the Zuni Reservat ion, containing house r u i n s , k ivas , p ic tographs , pe t rcglyphs , t r a sh mounds, and a mission church and convent. They have proven to be an important source of mate r ia l for e thnolog ica l s t u d i e s of the e a r l y Zuni, Mogollon, and Anasazi c u l t u r e s . They include the Vil lage of the Great Kivas, Yellow House, Hawikuh, and Kechipbowa. December 2, 1974.

166

NEW YORK (186)

ADAMS POWER PLANT TRANSFORMER HOUSE

Off 15th Ave. near Buffalo Ave. Niagara F a l l s , Niagara County 1895; McKim, Mead, and White

ADIRONDACK FOREST PRESERVE Cl in ton , Essex, Frankl in ,

Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, S t . Lawrence, and Warren counties

1885

This electric-power generating faci l i ty retained, until well into the 20th century, i t s position as the largest hydroelectric power faci l i ty in the world. The transformer house is the only surviving structure of the plant, which has been hailed as "the birthplace of the modern hydroelectric power station." May 4, 1983.

First State forest preserve in the nation. Includes more than 2 million acres. May 23, 1963.

AMERICAN STOCK EXCHANGE 86 Trinity Place New York City 1921, Starret t and Van Vleck;

1929-31 (addition)

Home of the nation's second largest securit ies exchange. June 2, 1978.

ANTHONY (SUSAN B.) HOUSE 17 Madison Street Rochester, Monroe County 1845

Active in numerous reform movements, Susan B. Anthony was a leader in the women's r i g h t s movement of the 19th cen tury . Her Rochester residence (1866-1906) i s now a museum. June 23, 1965.

ARBEN See E. H. HARRIMAN ESTATE

ARMOUR-STINER HOUSE 45 W. C l i n t o n Avenue I rv ing ton , Westchester County 1859-60, 1875-76 (enlarged)

Build on the theo r i e s of Orson Squire Fowler, the Armour-Stiner House i s the only fu l ly domed octagonal residence in America. For many years the home of author Carl Canter. December 8, 1976.

ARffiTRONG (EDWIN H.) HOUSE 1032 Warburton Avenue Yonkers, Westchester County 1902

DE-DESIGNATED: March 5, 1986. (Original ly designated January 7, 1976.)

ARMSTRONG (IJOULS) HOUSE 3456 107th S t r e e t Corona, Queens County c . 1900

From 1940 to 1971, t h i s 2-1 /2-s tory brick s t r u c t u r e was the home of the world-famous jazz musician. May 11, 1976.

ARTHUR (CHESTER A.) HOUSE 123 Lexington Avenue New York Ci ty

Arthur returned t o t h i s 5-s tory brownstone townhouse, h i s home before h i s Presidency, a f t e r h i s term as Pres ident ended in 1885. He i s best remembered for h i s support of c i v i l se rv ice reform. January 12, 1965.

167

New York

BARTCW-PELL MANSION Shore Road near Bartow Ci rc le The Bronx 1836-42; Minard Lafever

One of the best -preserved Greek Revival houses in the s t y l e of Minard Lafever, whose books on a r c h i t e c t u r e were i n f l u e n t i a l in the U.S. Exter ior q u a l i t i e s t yp ica l of the Federal s t y l e mark i t as a t r a n s i t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e . (Now a museum within Pelham Bay Park.) December 8, 1976.

BATTLE OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN See PLATTSBURGH BAY

BAYARD-CONDICT BUILDING 65-69 Bleeker S t r e e t New York City 1897-99; Louis Sul l ivan

One of the f i r s t skyscrapers in New York Ci ty , i t i s the only work by Sul l ivan in the East o the r than the Prudent ia l Building in Buffalo. December 8, 1976.

BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES 463 West S t r ee t New York City 1898

The home (1898-1966) of America's l a rge s t i n d u s t r i a l research labora tory , responsible for numerous con t r ibu t ions t o pure science as well as pioneering work in telecommunica t ions technology. May 15, 1975.

BENNINGTON BATTLEFIELD On Vermont l i n e Walloomsac v i c i n i t y Rensselaer County 1777

The American m i l i t i a ' s v i c to ry a t the b a t t l e of Bennington contr ibuted s i g n i f i c a n t l y t o the defeat of B r i t i s h General Burgoyne's army a t Saratoga. January 20, 1961.

BLENHEIM BRIDGE, OLD See OLD BLENHEIM BRIDGE

BOuGHJXJN HILL (Gannagaro) 1.25 miles south of Victor Ontario County c . 1675-87

BRONCK HOUSE 2 mi les west of Coxsackie on

the west s ide of U.S. 9W Greene County 1663, 1682, 1738

S i te of Gannagaro, the "great town" of the Seneca Ind ians , the westernmost of the Five Nations in the League of the I roquois . Ju ly 19, 1964.

I l l u s t r a t e s the a r c h i t e c t u r a l development of Dutch Colonial dwel l ings . Original house was enlarged twice . December 24, 1967.

BROOKLYN BRIDGE Connecting Manhattan and Brooklyn

across the East River Kings and New York Counties 1869-83; John A. and Washington

A. Rcebling

Among the wor ld ' s f i r s t wire cable suspension b r idges . Establ ished a number of engineering precedents in b r idge-bu i ld ing . January 29, 1964.

168

New York

BROOKLYN HEIGHTS HISTORIC DISTRICT

Bounded by Atlantic Avenue, Court and Fulton streets, and the East River

Brooklyn 19th century

BROOKLYN NAVY YARD, QUARTERS A

BUFFALO AND ERIE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY BUILDING

25 N o t t i n g h a m C o u r t B u f f a l o , E r i e County 1 9 0 1 , 1 9 2 7 - 2 9 ; George Gary

BUFFALO STATE HOSPITAL 400 F o r e s t Avenue B u f f a l o , E r i e County 1870-1896 ; Henry Hobson

R i c h a r d s o n ( l a n d s c a p i n g , F r e d e r i c k

Law O l m s t e d , C a l v e r t Vaux)

A l e a d i n g r e s i d e n t i a l d i s t r i c t i n t h e 19 th c e n t u r y . B u i l d i n g s r e f l e c t t h e a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t y l e s of t h e V i c t o r i a n e r a . J a n u a r y 12 , 1965 .

See QUARTERS A . . .

The o n l y s u r v i v i n g s t r u c t u r e from t h e p o p u l a r Pan-Amer ican E x p o s i t i o n of 1 9 0 1 , which hoped t o e n c o u r a g e economic t i e s be tween Nor th and Sou th America a f t e r t h e S p a n i s h - A m e r i c a n War. The c l a s s i c , w h i t e m a r b l e b u i l d i n g was b u i l t a s t h e New York S t a t e B u i l d i n g f o r t h e E x p o s i t i o n and h a s been u sed by t h e B u f f a l o and E r i e County H i s t o r i c a l S o c i e t y s i n c e 1902. I s a m a j o r , u n a l t e r e d example of t h e work of t h e Beaux-A r t s a r c h i t e c t , George C a r y . F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 .

An i m p o r t a n t t r a n s i t i o n a l b u i l d i n g i n t h e d e v e l o p i n g s t y l e of H.H. R i c h a r d s o n , and i s t h e f i r s t major work on which he c o l l a -b o a r a t e d w i t h F r e d e r i c k Law Olmsted and h i s p a r t n e r , C a l v e r t Vaux, who s i t e d and l a n d s caped t h e p r o p e r t y . I s a l s o s i g n i f i c a n t i n t h e h i s t o r y of t r e a t m e n t f o r t h e m e n t a l l y i l l a s i t s p l a n f o l l o w e d t h e s y s t e m d e v e l oped by Dr . Thomas K i r k b r i d e , one of t h e f i r s t p h y s i c i a n s t o t r e a t i n s a n i t y a s an i l l n e s s . June 2 4 , 1986.

BUNCHE (RALPH JOHNSON) HOUSE 115-125 G r o s v e n o r Road Kew G a r d e n s , Queens c . 1920

BURROUGHS (JOHN) CABIN

BUT<ROUGHS (JOHN) HOME

Home of t h e d i s t i n g u i s h e d Af ro -Amer ican d i p l o m a t and s c h o l a r who s e r v e d a s Unde r s e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l of t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s and who r e c e i v e d t h e Nobel Peace P r i z e f o r h i s 1949 c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o p e a c e in t h e Middle E a s t . May 1 1 , 1976 .

See SIQABSIDES

See WCODCHUCK LODGE

BURROUGHS (JOHN) RIVERBY STUDY

Between New York 9W and t h e Hudson R i v e r

West P a r k , U l s t e r County 1881

B u r r o u g h s , n a t u r e e s s a y i s t and c o n s e r v a t i o n i s t , u sed t h i s s t u d i o f o r w r i t i n g u n t i l 1895 . November 2 4 , 1968 .

169

New York

CANFIELD CASINO AND CONGRESS PARK

Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County

1820S-1911

These two i m p o r t a n t s i t e s , a t t h e c e n t e r of t h e communi ty , e s t a b l i s h e d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l fame of S a r a t o g a S p r i n g s - " t h e Queen of t h e S p a s " - a s a h e a l t h r e s o r t and g a m b l i n g c e n t e r . C o n g r e s s Park was i n t i m a t e l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h Dr . John C l a r k e , t h e p o p u l a r i z e r of S a r a t o g a w a t e r . The C a s i n o r e c a l l s t h e c a r e e r s of John M o r r i s s e y and R i c h a r d C a n f i e l d , t h e two gambl ing i m p r e s a r i o s who t u r n e d S a r a t o g a S p r i n g s i n t o A m e r i c a ' s Monte C a r l o . F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 .

CARNEGIE (ANDREW) MANSION 2 E . 9 1 s t S t r e e t New York C i t y 1 9 0 1 ; Babb, Cook, and W i l l a r d

C a r n e g i e , s t e e l i n d u s t r i a l i s t and p h i l a n t h r o p i s t , owned t h i s 64-room b r i c k mans ion a f t e r h i s r e t i r e m e n t i n 1 9 0 1 . November 1 3 , 1966 .

CARNEGIE HALL 7 t h Avenue , be tween 5 6 t h and

5 7 t h S t r e e t s New York C i t y 1 8 9 1 ; W i l l i a m B . T u t h i l l

Named f o r p r i n c i p a l b e n e f a c t o r Andrew C a r n e g i e , t h e H a l l h a s been t h e s c e n e of p e r f o r m a n c e s by m a j o r m u s i c a l a r t i s t s and t h e home of t h e New York P h i l h a r m o n i c (1926 - 3 6 . ) December 2 9 , 1962 .

CENTRAL PARK Bounded by C e n t r a l Pa rk S o u t h ,

5 t h Avenue , C e n t r a l Pa rk Wes t , and 110 th S t r e e t

New York C i t y 1 8 5 9 - 7 6 ; F r e d e r i c k Law Olmsted

and C a l v e r t Vaux

Development of t h e p a r k gave i m p e t u s t o t h e n a t i o n ' s u r b a n p a r k movement. Recogn ized a s an o u t s t a n d i n g example of t h e a r t of l a n d s c a p e a r c h i t e c t u r e . May 2 3 , 1 9 6 3 .

CENTRAL SYNAGOGUE 646-652 L e x i n g t o n Avenue New York C i t y 1872; Henry F e r n b a c h

G o t h i c i n p l a n , M o o r i s h - R e v i v a l i n d e t a i l , i t i s an o u t s t a n d i n g example of t h e Moor i sh R e v i v a l s t y l e . A r a r e s u r v i v i n g example of t h e p e r i o d , a l o n g w i t h t h e Plum S t r e e t Temple i n C i n c i n n a t i . May 1 5 , 1975 .

CHAUTAUQUA INSTITUTION See MILLER COTTAGE

CHRYSLER BUILDING 405 L e x i n g t o n Avenue New York C i t y 1928-30; William Van Allen

Built for Walter Chrysler in "Style Moderne," the building exemplifies the machine age in architecture, and is symbolic of 1920s New York. December 8, 1976.

CHURCH (FREDERIC E.) HOUSE (Olana)

East end of Rip Van Winkle Bridge Church Hill, Columbia County 1874; Frederic Church and Calvert Vaux

Olana, overlooking the Hudson, is a ccmbina-nation of Persian, Moorish, Italian, and East Indian styles. Reflects the love of the dramatic and extensive traveling done by landscape artist Church, who was among the ablest of American 19th century artists. June 22, 1965.

170

New York

CITY HALL Broadway and Chambers S t r e e t New York City 1803-11; Joseph Mangin and

John McComb, J r .

S ign i f i can t both in the h i s t o r y of c i v i c adminis t ra t ion in the n a t i o n ' s most populous c i t y , and for i t s a r c h i t e c t u r a l m e r i t . In i t , the a r c h i t e c t s blended French and American s t y l i s t i c inf luences ; Mangin, a Frenchman, gave i t a strong Louis XVI cha rac t e r . December 19, 1960.

CI RMONT Germantown, Columbia County 18th-19th c e n t u r i e s

Or ig ina l ly a 13,000-acre e s t a t e owned by Robert Livingston, delegate t o the Contine n t a l Congress and f i r s t Secre tary of Foreign Affa i rs under the A r t i c l e s of Confederation. Present house b u i l t a f t e r 1777. (Part of the e s t a t e now forms Clermont S ta te Park.) November 28, 1972.

COLE (THOMAS) HOUSE 218 Spring S t r e e t C a t s k i l l , Greene County 1812-14

Cole, a 19th-century landscape a r t i s t , was one of the p r inc ipa l f igures in the Hudson River School of p a i n t i n g . June 23, 1965.

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, PUPIN PHYSICS LABORATORY

See PUPIN PHYSICS LABORATORY

CONFERENCE HOUSE Hylan Boulevard Tottenville Staten Island, Richmond County 1680

Scene of a 1776 meeting between Lord Richard Howe and a committee of the Continental Congress. The B r i t i s h Admiral offered amnesty in exchange for withdrawal of the Declarat ion of Independence. May 23, 1966.

CONKLING (ROSCOE) HOUSE 3 Rutgers Park Ut ica , Oneida County 1830

New York home ( c . 1863-88) of the Senator and p o l i t i c a l boss , who gained con t ro l of New York's Republican pa r ty organiza t ion in 1870 and created a b i t te r r i f t in the party that persisted for two decades. May 15, 1975.

COOK (WILL MARION) HOUSE 221 W. 138th S t r e e t New York Ci ty 1891

Home (1918-1944) of the e a r l y 20th-century Black composer whom Duke El l ing ton ca l l ed "The master of a l l masters of our people ." May 11, 1976.

COOPER UNION Cooper Square 7th S t r e e t and 4th Avenue New York City 1858; F.A. Peterson

An educat ional cen te r and scene of a speech by Abraham Lincoln in 1860 concerning the s lavery issue t h a t brought him na t iona l prominence. Ju ly 4 , 1961.

CORNELL UNIVERSITY, MORRILL HALL

DAKOTA APARTMENTS 1 W. 72nd S t r e e t New York City 1880-84; Henry J . Hardenbergh

One of the e a r l i e s t l a rge - sca le apartment houses, i t was designed by Hardenbergh, who was l a t e r the a r c h i t e c t of New York's Plaza Hotel . December 8, 1976.

171

See MORRILL HALL . . .

New York

DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL Orange, Sullivan and Ulster Counties

1828

DE WINT HOUSE Livingston Avenue and Oak Tree Road

Tappan, Rockland County 1700

P r i n c i p a l wa te rway c o n n e c t i n g t h e c o a l f i e l d s of P e n n s y l v a n i a w i t h t h e f u r n a c e s of New York. The g r o w t h of r a i l r o a d s l e d t o t h e c a n a l ' s demise a f t e r 1899 . November 2 4 , 1968 .

Gen. George Wash ing ton s t a y e d a t t h i s Dutch C o l o n i a l house f o u r t i m e s d u r i n g t h e R e v o l u t i o n . May 2 3 , 1966 .

DRAPER (JOHN W.) HOUSE D r a p e r P a r k , 407 Broadway Has t i n g s - o n - H u d s o n W e s t c h e s t e r County c . 1840

DUTCH REFORMED ( S l e e p y Hol low) CHURCH

N o r t h edge of T a r r y t o w n on U . S . 9 W e s t c h e s t e r County c . 1700

DYCKMAN HOUSE 4881 Broadway, New York C i t y 1783

EASTMAN (GEORGE) HOUSE 900 E a s t Avenue R o c h e s t e r , Monroe County 1905 ; J . F o s t e r Warner

ECGLESTON ESTATE

Home of t h e we l l -known m i d - 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y s c i e n t i s t who, i n a d d i t i o n t o s i g n i f i c a n t c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o p h y s i c s and c h e m i s t r y , a l s o w r o t e i m p o r t a n t works i n i n t e l l e c t u a l h i s t o r y . May 1 5 , 1975 .

B u i l t of r u b b l e s t o n e , t h e c h u r c h i s a r e m i n d e r of t h e Dutch i n f l u e n c e i n C o l o n i a l A m e r i c a . A u t h o r Wash ing ton I r v i n g i s b u r i e d i n t h e a d j a c e n t g r a v e y a r d . November 5 , 1 9 6 1 .

Only 1 8 t h - c e n t u r y fa rmhouse e x t a n t on Manha t t an I s l a n d . F l e m i s h C o l o n i a l s t y l e , b u i l t w i t h f i e l d s t o n e , b r i c k , and c l a p b o a r d . December 2 4 , 1967 .

Eastman made p h o t o g r a p h y a p o p u l a r p a s t i m e . He d e v e l o p e d a s i m p l e camera i n 1888 and m a r k e t e d t h e f i r s t r o l l f i l m . November 1 3 , 1966 .

See OWL'S NEST

ELLINC7TON (EDWARD KENNEDY "DUKE") RESIDENCE

935 S t . N i c h o l a s Avenue , A p t . 4A New York C i t y Date unknown

Long- t e rm r e s i d e n c e of "Duke" E l l i n g t o n , r e g a r d e d by many c r i t i c s a s t h e m o s t c r e a t i v e Af ro -Amer ican composer of t h e 2 0 t h c e n t u r y . May 1 1 , 1976 .

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING 350 F i f t n Avenue New York C i t y 1 9 3 0 - 3 1 ; S h r e v e , Lambe, and

Harmon

T h i s famous s k y s c r a p e r r e m a i n s New York C i t y ' s mos t w i d e l y r e c o g n i z e d a r c h i t e c t u r a l symbol , and was f o r 40 y e a r s t h e " t a l l e s t b u i l d i n g . " B e a u t i f u l l y f i n i s h e d i n t h e A r t Deco s t y l e , i t s v e r t i c a l l i n e s g i v e i t t h e a p p e a r a n c e of a s o a r i n g s p i r e . I t r i s e s o n e - f i f t h of a m i l e h i g h and i s an e n g i n e e r i n g m a s t e r p i e c e s u p p o r t e d by an e l a s t i c s t e e l s k e l e t o n . J u n e 2 4 , 1986 .

172

New York

EQUITABLE BUILDING 120 Broadway New York City 1914-15; Ernest R. Graham

ERIE CANAL In and near F t . Hunter Montgomery County 1825

FILLMORE (MILLARD) HOUSE 24 Shearer Avenue E. Aurora, Erie County 1826

FISH (HAMILTON) HOUSE 21 Stuyvesant S t r e e t New York Ci ty 1804

FLOYD (WILLIAM) HOUSE West s ide of Main S t r e e t Wes te rnvi l le , Oneida County 1803

FORT CRAILO On Riverside Avenue, south of

Columbia S t r e e t Rensselaer , Rensselaer County c . 1707-1712, c . 1768 addi t ion

FORT CROWN POINT Crown Point v i c i n i t y Essex County 1760

FORT JOHNSON Junction of New York 5 and 67 Fort Johnson, Montgomery County C. 1749

Headquarters of one of the insurance i n d u s t r y ' s e a r l i e s t l e ade r s , b u i l t on the s i t e of Equ i t ab l e ' s f i r s t home of f ioa . 40-s tory steel-and-masonry building in Second Renaissance Revival s t y l e . June 2, 1978.

Opened the Old Northwest to se t t lement and gave Western ag r i cu l tu re access t o Eastern markets. A remarkable engineering feat for the per iod. October 9, 1960.

Only remaining residence of Fi l lmore, 13th President of the United S t a t e s , who b u i l t t h i s house and resided here in 1826-30. May 30, 1974.

Residence (1808-c. 1838) of Pres ident Grant's Secretary of S ta te (1869-77). During h i s tenure he proved t o be an except ional manager and added s t a b i l i t y t o a demoralized admin is t ra t ion . May 15, 1975.

Floyd, a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independenoe, occupied t h i s Georgian house from 1803 u n t i l h i s death in 1821. Ju ly 17, 1971.

This br ick manor house on the former Van Rensselaer e s t a t e i s an fine example of a Hudson Valley house of the 18th century b u i l t in a Dutch s t y l e . Also exemplif ies the Dutch co lon ia l s o c i o - p o l i t i c a l system of pat roonship . November 5, 1961.

Arch i t ec tu ra l and archeological type s p e c i men for fur ther study of 18th-century m i l i t a ry engineer ing , in a ruined but otherwise undisturbed s t a t e . Played a minor ro le in the Revolution during f igh t ing around Fort Ticonderoga. November 24, 1968.

Example of a vernacular Georgian house b u i l t on the f r o n t i e r of the Middle Colonies. Home of S i r William Johnson, land agent , m i l i t a r y l eader , and negot ia tor with the Ind ians . November 28, 1972.

FORT KLOCK On New York 5, 2 miles e a s t of

S t . Johnsv i l l e Montgomery County 1750

One-story stone s t r u c t u r e , a rare example of a mid-18th-century fur t rading post and f o r t i f i e d stone house. Used as a place of refuge by s e t t l e r s during the Revolutionary War. November 28, 1972.

173

New York

FORT MONTGOMERY North of Bear Mountain on the

west bank of the Hudson River Orange County 1777

The B r i t i s h at tacked the fo r t in 1777 in an e f fo r t to r e l i eve Burgoyne's army. Extensive ru ins remain. November 28, 1972.

FORT NIAGARA, OLD See OLD FORT NIAGARA

FORT ST. FREDERIC Junct ion of New York 8 and 9N Crown Poin t , Essex County 1731

Keystone of France ' s defense of Canada for almost 25 yea r s . Abandoned during the French and Indian War. October 9, 1960.

FORT STANWIX Dominick, Spring, Liberty and

North James S t r e e t s Rome, Oneida County 1768, 1777

Resistance by the F o r t ' s American ga r r i son in August, 1777, was ch ie f ly responsible for the repulse of the western wing of a B r i t i s h invasion from Canada. Also the s i t e of a major t r e a t y involving the Iroquois in 1768. November 23, 1962. (Now within the National Park System as Fort Stanwix National Monument.)

FORT TICONDERCGA On New York 22, 2.5 miles south

of Ticondercga Essex County 1755-57; Marquis de Lotbiniore

FCXJNDER'S HALL (Rockefeller I n s t i t u t e for Medical Research)

66th S t r e e t and York Avenue New York Ci ty 1906

A post key t o cont ro l of both Canada and the Hudson River Valley in the 18th century . The "Green Mountain Boys" under Ethan Allen captured the for t from the B r i t i s h in 1775. October 9, 1960.

The I n s t i t u t e was founded by John D. Rockef e l l e r J r . , in 1901 to conduct research in to the treatment and prevention of d i s ea se . May 30, 1974.

GANNAGARO See BCUGHTON HILL

GENERAL EIJ3CTRIC RESEARCH LABORATORY

Schenectady, Schenectady County 1900

GOULD (JAY) ESTATE (Lyndhurst)

635 S. Broadway Tarrytown, Westchester County 1838; Alexander Jackson Davis and Ithiel Town

Recognized as the first industrial research facility in the United States, the General Electric Research Laboratory has made major contributions to scientific knowledge, especially in the areas of physics and chemistry. May 15, 1975.

Gould was a free-wheeling financier notable even in the era of unrestrained capitalism after the Civil War. Lyndhurst was one of the first of Jackson's designs in the style that became known as "Hudson River Gothic," and is a palatial example of the Gothic Revival in the U.S. November 13, 1966.

174

New York

GOVERNORS ISLAND Governors I s l and , New York Harbor New York, New York County 1794-1943

GRACE CHURCH Broadway at 10th Street New York City 1846; James Renwick, J r .

H i s t o r i c a l l y a major component of the defense system of one of the n a t i o n ' s most important harbors , and a major Army administ r a t i v e cen te r for almost a century . February 4 , 1985.

Renwick designed t h i s "archaeological ly" co r rec t church in the English t a s t e a t the age of 25. He l a t e r created S t . P a t r i c k ' s Cathedral on 5th Avenue, another b r i l l i a n t demonstration of the Gothic Revival s t y l e . December 22, 1977.

GRAND CEOTRAL TERMINAL 71-105 E. 42nd S t r ee t New York City 1902-13; Warren & Wetmore,

Reed & Stem

The g r e a t e s t head s t a t i o n remaining in America, i t i s a l so a triumph of planning and engineer ing . December 8, 1976.

GUARANTY BUILDING See PRUDENTIAL BUILDING

GURLEY (W. & L. E.) BUILDING Fulton S t r e e t , between 5th and

Union Troy, Rensselaer County 1862

This fac tory , as enlarged, has housed the W & L. E. Gurley Company, which i s known worldwide for the design and manufacture of p rec i s ion mathematical and engineering ins t ruments . Teledyne Gurley company s t i l l manufactures instruments he re . May 4, 1983.

HALL (JAMES) OFFICE Lincoln Park Albany, Albany County 1852; Andrew Jackson Downing

and Calvert Vaux

In t h i s o f f i c e , James Hall conducted the geological research which made him one of the coun t ry ' s best-known 19th-century geolog i s t s . December 8, 1976.

HALL OF RECORDS See SURROGATE'S COURT

HAMILTON GRANGE 287 Convent Avenue New York City, New York County 1801-02; John McComb

Only home ever owned by Alexander Hamilton, who was among the irnportant proponents of the Const i tu t ion and provided b r i l l i a n t leadership as the f i r s t Secre tary of the Treasury. Two-story frame house, moved from i t s o r i g i n a l l oca t ion . December 19, 1960. (Now within the National Park System as the Hamilton Grange National Memorial.)

HARRIMAN (E. H.) ESTATE (Arden) New York 17 Harriman, Orange County 1909; Ca r r i e r s and Hastings

Harriman was a pre-eminent organizer and bu i lder of r a i l r o a d s in the l a t e 19th and e a r l y 20th c e n t u r i e s . He l ived he re , a home which he had planned s ince 1905, for only a few months before h i s death . November 13, 1966.

175

New York

HARTFORD (JOHN A.) HOUSE 75 Grasslands Road Valha l la , Westchester County c . 1930

Home (1930-51) of the merchandising genius of the Great A t l an t i c and Pac i f ic Tea Company (A&P), the f i r s t nationwide chain-s to re company. Under Har t fo rd ' s l eadersh ip , from 1912 the firm expanded to became the l a rges t r e t a i l e r in the na t ion . December 22, 1977.

HASBROUCK (JEAN) HOUSE Huguenot S t r e e t , opposi te

junct ion with North S t r e e t New P a l t z , Uls te r County 1694

Example of a 17th-century Flemish Colonial stone s t r u c t u r e . Used as both a s to re and a res idence . December 24, 1967.

HAYNES (LEMUEL) HOUSE Route 149 S. Granville, Washington County 1793

HENRY STREET SETTLEMENT AND NEIGHBORHOOD PLAYHOUSE

263-267 Henry S t r e e t New York City 1895

HENSON (MATTHEW) RESIDENCE Dunbar Apartments 246 W. 150th S t r e e t New York City 1928

HISTORIC TRACK Main S t r e e t Goshen, Orange County 1854

HOLLAND LAND OFFICE W. Main S t r e e t Batavia , Genesee County 1815

Lat ter-day home of the f i r s t ordained Black minis te r in the United S t a t e s , who was a l so the f i r s t Black min i s t e r to a White congregat ion. May 15, 1975.

L i l l i a n Wald, s u f f r a g i s t and p a c i f i s t , l ived and worked here for 40 yea r s . She es tab l i shed a ci ty-wide v i s i t i n g nurse s e r vice e a r l y in the 20th century. May 30, 1974.

Lat ter -day home of the Black explorer who served as an a s s i s t a n t to Robert E. Peary. His best-known achievement came in 1909 when he became the f i r s t man to reach the North Pole . May 15, 1975.

One of the o lder ac t ive harness racing courses in the United S t a t e s . Races were f i r s t held on what i s now Goshen's main s t r e e t . May 23, 1966.

The Holland Land Company, crea ted by Dutch inves tors in the 1790s, helped develop western New York and northern Pennsylvania in the l a t e 18th and e a r l y 19th c e n t u r i e s . October 9, 1960.

HOUGH (FRANKLIN B.) HOUSE Col l ins S t r e e t Lowville, Lewis County c . 1861

HUGUENOT STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT

Huguenot S t r e e t New P a l t z , U l s t e r County 17th-18th cen tu r i e s

Dr. Hough, the fa ther of American forestry, was the f i r s t Federal fo re s t ry o f f i c i a l and the author of the f i r s t American book on f o r e s t r y . May 23, 1963.

Five stone houses r e f l e c t the 17th-and 18th-century Walloon and French Huguenot h e r i tage of the s e t t l e r s . October 9, 1960.

176

New York

HURLEY HISTORIC DISTRICT Hurley S t r e e t , Hurley Mountain

Road, and Schoonmaker Lane Hurley, Ulster County 17th-18th centuries

HYDE HALL Glimmerglass State Park East of County Route 31 Springfield, Otsego County 1817; Philip Hooker

INDIA HOUSE

IRVING (WASHINGTON) HOUSE

JAY (JOHN) HOMESTEAD

Jay Street Katonah, Westchester County 1787

JEFFERSON MARKET COURTHOUSE

JOHNSON (JAMES WELDON) RESIDENCE 187 W. 135th Street New York City c. 1900

JOHNSON HALL Hall Street Johnstown, Fulton County 1763

KING MANOR 150th Street and Jamaica Avenue Jamaica Queens Borough, New York City c . 1750

The d i s t r i c t ' s 10 stone houses i l l u s t r a t e the Dutch heri tage of the town, o r ig ina l ly called Nieuw Dorp. November 5, 1961.

One of the f ines t American houses tha t combines the a rch i t ec tu ra l t r ad i t i ons of England and America. The grace of a high-s tyle English country home i s blended with so l id i ty of a f ront ie r dwelling. I t i s completely documented, containing many of i t s or ig ina l furnishings, and i s one of the few surviving works of Phil ip Hooker. June 24, 1986.

See NEW YORK CXJTTON EXCHANGE

See SUNNYSIDE

Country seat and farm of the distinguished statesman, j u r i s t , and diplomat. He inheri ted i t a t the peak of h i s p o l i t i c a l career , and personally cteveloped i t , spending his retirement years (1801-29) here . May 29, 1981.

See THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURTHOUSE

From 1925 to 1938 the home of the ve r sa t i l e Black composer of popular songs, poet, wr i te r , general secretary of the NAACP, and c i v i l r i gh t s a c t i v i s t . May 11, 1976.

Home of Si r William Johnson, Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the northern colonies and a f ron t ie r leader in pre-Revolutionary New York. In 1774, Johnson died in t h i s Georgian-style frame bui lding. October 9, 1960.

Rufus King, who lived in t h i s Colonial mansion in termi t ten t ly from 1806 u n t i l h is death in 1827, enjoyed a distinguished career in public serv ice . He sa t in the Continental Congress (1784-86), signed the U.S. Constitution (1787), and served as U.S. Senator (1789-95) and Minister to Great Bri ta in (1796-1803). He was also the Federa l i s t Par ty ' s Vice-Presidential nominee (1804 and 1808) and Pres ident ia l candidate (1816). December 2, 1974.

177

New York

KNOX HEADQUARTERS Quassalck Avenue and Forge Hill Vails Gate, Orange County 1754

KYKUIT

LAKE CHAMPLAIN, BATTLE OF

LAKE MOHONK MOUNTAIN HOUSE New P a l t z , U l s t e r County 1869-1901; James E. Ware,

Napoleon LeBrun and Sons

LAMOKA 2 miles west of Tyrone at northern edge of Lamoka Lake

Schuyler County c. 3500 BC

LANGMUIR (IRVING) HOUSE 1176 Stratford Road Schenectady, Schenectady County 1900

LINLKNWALD (Martin Van Buren House)

New York 9H Kinderhook, Columbia County 1797; Peter VanNess

LOCUST GROVE

LORILIARD SNUFF MILL New York Botanical Gardens The Bronx 1840

LYNDHURST

McKAY (CLAUDE) RESIDENCE 180 W. 135th Street New York City 1931

Built by an early settler on the Hudson River, this structure was in an area of key importance during the Revolution. It was occupied on four occasions by Maj. Gen. Henry Knox. November 28, 1972.

See ROCKEFELLER ESTATE

See PLATTSBURGH BAY

Begun as a small resort for family and friends by the Smiley brothers, it became so popular that it was enlarged many times. The resulting building is today a hodgepodge of roofs, walls, chimneys, and balconies producing a picturesque silhouette against a glacial mountain lake. The importance of natural conservation to the Smileys is also evident in the hotel and its surroundings. June 24, 1986.

Site provided first clear evidence of an Archaic hunting and gathering culture in the Northeastern United States. January 20, 1961.

From 1919 to 1957 the home of the distinguished General Electric chemist and inventor, winner of the 1934 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work in surface kinetics. January 7, 1976.

Home of the 8th president for 21 years, until his death in 1862. July 4, 1961. (Now in the National Park System as Martin Van Buren National Historic Site.)

See MORSE (SAMUEL F. B.) HOUSE

Constructed by the P. Lorillard Company, the Lorillard Snuff Mill is the Nation's oldest extant tobacco factory and a symbol of the importance of tobacco in the development of commerce and industry in the 19th century. December 22, 1977.

See GOULD ESTATE

From 1941 to 1946 the residence of the Black poet and wr i te r often cal led the "Father of the Harlem Renaissance." December 8, 1976.

178

New York

MACY (R. H.) AND COMPANY STORE 151 W. 3 4 t h S t r e e t New York C i t y 1 9 0 1 , 1910, 1922-24

Long t h e w o r l d ' s l a r g e s t d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e u n d e r one r o o t . The s t o r y of Macy ' s i s a major c h a p t e r i n American r e t a i l h i s t o r y . June 2 , 1978 .

MARTIN (DARWIN D.) HOUSE 125 J e w e t t Parkway B u f f a l o , E r i e County 1904; Frank Lloyd Wr igh t

MERCHANT'S HOUSE, OLD

T h i s house i s one of t h e f i n e s t r e m a i n i n g example s of Frank Lloyd W r i g h t ' s work . There i s s p a c i a l u n i t y w i t h an i n t e r i o r and e x t e r i o r t h a t f low t o g e t h e r and t h e s t r u c t u r e i s c o m p a t i b l e w i t h i t s s u r r o u n d i n g s . Uses t h e T- shaped open g round p l a n 30 y e a r s b e f o r e i t became p o p u l a r . F e b r u a r y 24 , 1986 .

See OLD MERCHANT'S HOUSE

METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY BUILDING

1 Madison Avenue New York C i t y 1909; Napoleon LeBrun and Sons

METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART F i f t h Avenue a t 82nd S t r e e t New York C i t y 1 8 8 0 - p r e s e n t ; Vaux & Mould;

R i c h a r d M. Hun t ; McKim, Mead and W h i t e ; Roche & D i n k e l o o

MI IDLER (LEWIS) COTTAGE, CHAUTAUQUA INSTITUTION

C h a u t a u q u a , Chau tauqua County 1875

Symbol of an i n f l u e n t i a l company, t h i s b u i l d i n g , when c o n s t r u c t e d , was t h e w o r l d ' s t a l l e s t masonry and s t e e l s t r u c t u r e . June 2 , 1978.

E x t e n d i n g o v e r f o u r c i t y b l o c k s on t h e E a s t s i d e of C e n t r a l P a r k , i t i s one of t h e most monumental of a l l New York p u b l i c b u i l d i n g s , and one of t h e most p r e s t i g i o u s museums i n t h e wor ld f o r i t s imposing b u i l d i n g and t h e q u a l i t y of i t s c o l l e c t i o n s . A l though i t s component p a r t s were d e s i g n e d by e m i n e n t a r c h i t e c t s i n d i v e r s e a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t y l e s , t h e y a r e w e l l - r e l a t e d i n s c a l e t o e a c h o t h e r . Most s i g n i f i c a n t a r c h i t e c t u r a l l y i s t h e d r a m a t i c F i f t h Avenue f a c a d e and G r e a t H a l l d e s i g n e d by Hun t . June 24 , 1986.

The Chau tauqua I n s t i t u t i o n f l o u r i s h e d i n t h e l a s t q u a r t e r of t h e 19 th c e n t u r y , c o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h e d e m o c r a t i z a t i o n of e d u c a t i o n t h r o u g h summer p r o g r a m s , and e x p a n d i n g i n c l u d e a home s t u d y program and a p r e s s . M i l l e r , a c c r f o u n d e r , l i v e d f o r many y e a r s , and e n t e r t a i n e d p r o m i n e n t v i s i t o r s , i n h i s S w i s s c h a l e t - s t y l e c o t t a g e . December 2 1 , 1965 .

MILLAY (EDNA ST. VINCENT) HOUSE

See STEEPLETOP

MIIJLS (FLORENCE) HOUSE 220 W. 135 th S t r e e t New York C i t y 1886

Home of t h e p o p u l a r Black s i n g e r who i n t h e 1920s a c h i e v e d s t a r d o m on Broadway and i n E u r o p e , t h u s becoming a symbol of s u c c e s s f o r Black A m e r i c a n s , tecember 8 , 1976.

179

New York

MOHONK MOUNTAIN HOUSE See LAKE MOHONK MOUNTAIN HOUSE

MORAN (THOMAS) HOUSE 229 Main Street East Hampton, Suffolk County 1884

MORGAN (J. PIERPONT) LIBRARY 33 E. 36th Street New York City 1906; McKim, Mead, and White

MORRILL HALL, CORNELL UNIVERSITY I t h a c a , Tompkins County 1 8 6 6 - 6 8 ; Henry W. Wi lcox

Moran p r o d u c e d n o t a b l e p a i n t i n g s of t h e Wes t , two of which hang i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s C a p i t o l . He b u i l t t h i s 2 - s t o r y s h i n g l e d house i n 1884 , and l i v e d h e r e f o r a b o u t 32 y e a r s , rjecember 2 1 , 1965 .

Morgan, an i m p o r t a n t f i n a n c i e r , o r g a n i z e d U . S . S t e e l and was i n f l u e n t i a l i n t h e r a i l road i n d u s t r y . T h i s R e n a i s s a n c e - s t y l e l i b r a r y c o n t a i n s l i t e r a r y and a r t i s t i c c o l l e c t i o n s . November 1 3 , 1966 .

O r i g i n a l b u i l d i n g of C o r n e l l U n i v e r s i t y . C o r n e l l ' s f o u n d i n g marked a revolution i n American h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n , f o r i t o f f e r e d t r a i n i n g on t h e b a s i s of e q u a l i t y among t h e d i s c i p l i n e s , t o p r e p a r e s t u d e n t s f o r u s e f u l c a r e e r s i n t h e p o s t - C i v i l War e r a . Named f o r t h e a u t h o r of t h e M o r r i l l Land G r a n t Act of 1862 . December 2 1 , 1965 .

MORRIS-JUMEL MANSION 1 6 0 t h S t r e e t and Edgeccrnbe Avenue New York C i t y 1765

MORSE (SAMUEL F . B . ) HOUSE ( L o c u s t Grove)

370 Sou th S t r e e t P o u g h k e e p s i e , D u t c h e s s County 1830

MOUNT LEBANON SHAKER SOCIETY New Lebanon , Columbia County 1787

MOUNT (WILLIAM SYDNEY) HOUSE Gould Road and New York 25 S t o n y Brook , S u f f o l k County 1725

NATIONAL CITY BANK BUILDING 55 Wal l S t r e e t New York C i t y 1 8 3 5 , I s a i a h R o g e r s ; 1899 , McKim,

Mead, and White a d d i t i o n

The m a j o r s u r v i v i n g l andmark of t h e B a t t l e of Harlem H e i g h t s (Sep tember 16 , 1 7 7 6 ) . B r i e f l y s e r v e d a s G e n e r a l W a s h i n g t o n ' s h e a d q u a r t e r s . J a n u a r y 20 , 1 9 6 1 .

Morse p u r c h a s e d t h i s house i n 1847, 3 y e a r s a f t e r h i s s u c c e s s f u l t e l e g r a p h i c t r a n s m i s s i o n of a message from Wash ing ton t o B a l t i m o r e . He u s e d i t a s h i s summer r e s i d e n c e and e n l a r g e d i t i n t o t h e p r e s e n t o c t a g o n -shaped s t r u c t u r e . J a n u a r y 2 9 , 1964 .

F i r s t and most e c o n o m i c a l l y s u c c e s s f u l of t h e 19 S h a k e r c o m m u n i t i e s in t h e c o u n t r y . The m e e t i n g h o u s e , d o r m i t o r y , t a n n e r y , s m i t h y , and c h a i r f a c t o r y s u r v i v e . J u n e 2 3 , 1965 .

Mount (1807-68) p r o d u c e d most of h i s g e n r e p a i n t i n g s i n t h i s l a r g e f r a m e h o u s e . H i s g e n r e s c e n e s r e f l e c t h i s i n d i v i d u a l i s m , i n s i s t e n c e on r e a l i s t i c p o r t r a y a l s , and h i s r e l i a n c e on h i s own r e g i o n and i t s p e o p l e f o r s u b j e c t m a t t e r . December 2 1 , 1965 .

Home s i n c e 1908 of one of t h e c o u n t r y ' s mos t i n f l u e n t i a l f i n a n c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s . J u n e 2 , 1978 .

180

New .York

NEW YORK AMSTERDAM NEWS BUILDING

2293 7 t h Avenue New York C i t y c . 1900

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDENS S o u t h e r n and Bedford Park

B o u l e v a r d s The Bronx 1896

From 1916 t o 1938 heme of one of A m e r i c a ' s b e s t known B lack n e w s p a p e r s . Dur ing t h o s e y e a r s , t h e p a p e r ' s c i r c u l a t i o n , n a t i o n a l c o v e r a g e , and n a t i o n a l r e p u t a t i o n g r e w . May 1 1 , 1976.

A l e a d i n g b o t a n i c a l g a r d e n , w i t h e x t e n s i v e r e s e a r c h and e d u c a t i o n p r o g r a m s . I n c l u d e s a 4 0 - a c r e v i r g i n hemlock f o r e s t and l a r g e h e r b a r i u m . May 2 8 , 1967.

NEW YORK CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 65 L i b e r t y S t r e e t New York C i t y 1 9 0 1 - 0 2 ; James B. Baker

Founded i n 1768 , t h e New York Chamber of Commerce h a s s e r v e d a s t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l p r o t o t y p e f o r t h e deve lopmen t of s i m i l a r i n s t i t u t i o n s p r o m o t i n g t h e i n t e r e s t s of American b u s i n e s s on t h e n a t i o n a l , S t a t e and l o c a l l e v e l s . 4 - 1 / 2 - s t o r y b u i l d i n g w i t h r i c h l y d e t a i l e d m a r b l e e x t e r i o r and mansa rd r o o f . December 22 , 1977 .

NEW YORK CITY HALL See CITY HALL

NEW YORK CCTfTON EXCHANGE ( I n d i a House)

1 Hanover S q u a r e New York C i t y 1854

The f o u n d a t i o n of t h e New York C o t t o n Exchange i n 1870 marked t h e end of t h e f a c t o r a g e s y s t e m f o r m a r k e t i n g A m e r i c a ' s mos t i m p o r t a n t 1 9 - c e n t u r y d o m e s t i c c r o p and t h e b e g i n n i n g of t o d a y ' s f u t u r e s t r a d i n g s y s t e m f o r b u y i n g and s e l l i n g e a r n e d i t i e s . December 2 2 , 1977 .

NEW YORK COUNTY CCWRTHOUSE, OLD

NEW YORK CUSTOM HOUSE

See OLD NEW YORK CTXINTY CCXJRTHOUSE

See U . S . CUSTOM HOUSE

NEW YORK LIFE BUILDING 51 Madison Avenue , New York C i t y 1928

Home of one of A m e r i c a ' s o l d e s t and most i n n o v a t i v e i n s u r a n c e f i r m s . J u n e 2 , 1978 .

NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 5 t h Avenue and 42nd S t r e e t New York C i t y 1 9 1 1 ; C a r r e r e and H a s t i n g s

NEW YORK STATE CAPITOL C a p i t o l P a r k A l b a n y , Albany County 1 8 6 7 - 9 9 ; Thomas F u l l e r , H. H.

R i c h a r d s o n , Leopo ld E i d l i t z , and I s a a c P e r r y

A m a j o r U . S . r e s e a r c h c e n t e r and c u l t u r a l i n s t i t u t i o n , w i t h e x t e n s i v e and i n v a l u a b l e m a n u s c r i p t and r a r e book c o l l e c t i o n s . Housed i n a monumental Beaux A r t s s t r u c t u r e . December 2 1 , 1 9 6 5 .

4 - 1 / 2 - s t o r y g r a n i t e - f a c e d b u i l d i n g w i t h open c o u r t y a r d , c o r n e r t o w e r s , and e l e m e n t s of Second R e n a i s s a n c e - R e v i v a l and C h a t e a u -e s q u e s t y l e s . Among t h e most l a v i s h s t r u c t u r e s , and one of t h e l a s t m a s s i v e l o a d -b e a r i n g s t r u c t u r e s on a monumental s c a l e , b u i l t i n 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y Amer i ca . J a n u a r y 2 9 , 1979 .

181

New York

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE 11 Wall S t r e e t , New York City 1903; Trowbridge and Livingston

NEW YORK YACHT CLUB BUILDING 37 W. 44th S t r e e t New York City 1899-1900; Whitney Warren of

Warren & Wetmore

NEW TOWN BATTLEFIELD 6 miles southeast of Elmira on

New York 17 Chemung County 1779

Headquarters of the n a t i o n ' s l a r g e s t s e c u r i t i e s market. June 2, 1978.

The home of America's o ldes t and foremost yachting o rgan iza t ion . Was e s t ab l i shed as a p r iva t e man's club and i s renowned as the long-time home of the America's Cup. Is a b r i l l i a n t example of the Nec^Baroque s ty l e and today i s s t i l l highly evocat ive of the Gilded Age in America and of the Beaux-Arts a r c h i t e c t u r e of t ha t e r a . May 28, 1987.

Scene of a b a t t l e between Maj. Gen. John Sul l ivan and a combined force of Mohawk Indians and B r i t i s h and Tory s o l d i e r s . November 28, 1972.

NIAGARA RESERVATION Niagara F a l l s , Niagara County 1885

NOTT MEMORIAL HALL Union College Schenectady, Schenectady County 1858, 1876, 1902; Edward

Tuckerman P o t t e r , William Appleton P o t t e r

OLANA

Provides a view of the F a l l s from a noncommercial a r ea . Includes an observation tower and p a t h s . May 23, 1963.

Representat ive of John Ruskin 's High Vic torian Gothic Style which was popular from the e a r l y 1860s u n t i l the 1870s. With an open i n t e r i o r , i t i s e s s e n t i a l l y a stone cyl inder supporting a c a s t - i r o n drum and dome between 94 and 100 fee t in diameter . I t was to be the focal point of the symmetrical bui ld ings of Union College, founded in 1795, one of the o ldes t "planned" schools in the Nation. June 24, 1986

See CHURCH HOUSE

OLD BLENHEIM BRIDGE New York 30 over Schoharie Creek N. Blenheim, Schoharie County 1855

One of the longest s ingle-span wooden covered br idges in the world (232 f e e t ) . In use u n t i l 1932. January 29, 1964.

OLD FORT NIAGARA North of Youngstown on New York 18 Niagara County 1678, 1725-26

OLD HOUSE, THE New York 25 Cutchcgue, Suffolk County 1649

A strategic location made control of the fort important to France, Great Britain, and the Iroquois Confederation, as well as, later, to the United States. October 9, 1960.

Example of English Colonial domestic architecture. Construction details reflect the work of a master builder. November 5, 1961.

182

New York

OLD MAIN, VASSAR COLLEGE Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County 1861-1865; James Renwick, J r .

I s one of the e a r l i e s t and most successful expressions of the Second Empire s t y l e in the United S t a t e s , and one of the few remaining grand-scale examples of the s t y l e . I t was the o r i g i n a l building for Vassar College, one of the f i r s t co l leges for the education of women in the United S ta te s offer ing the same education avai lab le to men a t Yale and Harvard. June 24, 1986.

OLD MERCHANT'S HOUSE 29 E. 4th S t r e e t New York City 1832; Minard Lafever

Owned by a prosperous urban merchant, t h i s 3-story br ick townhouse i s represen ta t ive of the t r a n s i t i o n from the Federal to the Greek Revival period in a r c h i t e c t u r e . June 23, 1965.

OLD NEW YORK CCHJNTY CXXJRTHOUSE 52 Chambers S t r ee t New York City 1862-85

OLD QUAKER MEETINGHOUSE South s ide of Northern Boulevard Flushing, Queens 1695

ONEIDA COMMUNITY MANSION HOUSE S h e r r i l l Road Oneida, Madison County 1860

ORISKANY BATTLEFIELD 5 miles e a s t of Rome on New York 69

Oneida County August 6, 1777

OWL'S NEST (Edward Eggleston Esta te)

New York 9L, Lake George Joshua ' s Rock, Warren County Late 19th century

The Old New York County Courthouse symbol i z e s a c l a s s i c episode in the annals of American gra f t and corrupt ion . I t i s a monument t o the machinations of William Marcy ("Boss") Tweed, who pocketed $9 mi l l ion from i t s cons t ruc t ion . May 11, 1976.

Only surviving example in New York of a t yp ica l 17th-century e c c l e s i a s t i c a l frame bu i ld ing . Proport ions and framing system are prime examples of the surv iva l of medieval techniques . Used continuously as a meeting house since 1696, except for a period of use as a pr ison and hosp i t a l by the B r i t i s h during the Revolution, tecember 24, 1967.

Oneida (founded 1848) was a 19th-century communitarian experiment, which f lourished u n t i l 1879. This large brick mansion i s e s s e n t i a l l y unchanged. June 23, 1965.

S i te of b a t t l e between American mili t iamen attempting to r e l i eve Fort Stanwix and a combined force of B r i t i s h Loyal i s t s and Indians . November 23, 1962.

Eggleston, one of America's e a r l i e s t r e a l i s t i c n o v e l i s t s , b u i l t f i r s t a l i b r a r y and then a stone house on t h i s e s t a t e . He died here in 1902. November 11, 1971.

183

New York

PAINE (THOMAS) CYJTTAGE 20 Sicard Avenue New Rochelie Westchester County 18th-19th c e n t u r i e s

Paine, propagandist for the American and French Revolutions and author of Common Sense and The Age of Reason, occupied t h i s sal tbox cot tage from 1802 u n t i l 1806. He was buried here in 1809. November 28, 1972.

PALISADES INTERSTATE PARK On the west bank of the Hudson

River Orange and Rockland Counties 1899

PERRY HOUSE

Represents an unusual e a r l y cooperative e f fo r t by New York and New Je r sey , t o p r e serve the scenic beauty of the c l i f f s on the lower western side of the Hudson River. January 12, 1965.

See CHARTERS A . . .

PHILIPSBURG MANOR 381 Bellwood Avenue Upper Mills, Westchester County c. 1683; additions, 18th century

Stone manor house, an exce l l en t example of a Dutch-English manor of the lower Hudson River Val ley. Less p re ten t ious than the Yonkers manor t h a t was Frederick P h i l i p s e ' s main residence when away from New York. November 5, 1961.

PHILIPSE MANOR HALL Warburton Avenue and Dock S t r e e t Yonkers, Westchester County 1700

Served as the soc ia l and adminis t ra t ive cen te r of the Manor of Phi l ipsburg , which extended 20 miles along the Huson River. A notable example of e a r l y Georgian a r c h i t e c t u r e . November 5, 1961.

PLATTSBURGH BAY (Bat t le of Lake Champlain)

Cumberland Bay, near P la t t sburgh Clinton County September 11, 1814

THE PLAYERS CLIJB 16 Gramercy Park New York City c . 1845; 1888, Stanford White

American naval v i c to ry here in the War of 1812 resu l t ed in the des t ruc t ion of the B r i t i s h f l e e t on Lake Champlain and compel led B r i t i s h invading troops to withdraw to Canada. December 19, 1960.

Donated by Edwin Booth, founder and f i r s t pres ident of the Players Club, t o be the clubhouse of tha t famous t h e a t r i c a l o rgan i za t ion . Houses a fine and rare c o l l e c t i o n of t h e a t r i c a l l i t e r a t u r e and memorabilia. December 29, 1962.

PLAYLAND AMUSEMENT PARK Playland Parkway and Forest

Avenue Rye, Westchester County 1928; A. Stewart Walker and

Leon G i l l e t t e

The f i r s t t o t a l l y planned amusement park in America, and was designed s p e c i f i c a l l y t o acccmmodate automobile t r a v e l e r s . After more than 50 yea r s , i t s Art Deco design and a r c h i t e c t u r e remain e s s e n t i a l l y una l te red , and i t has served as a prototype for contemporary theme pa rks . Several of the p a r k ' s r i d e s are of major individual s ign i f icance because of t h e i r r a r i t y . February 27, 1987.

184

New York

PLAZA HOTEL F i f t h Avenue a t 59 th S t r e e t New York C i t y 1905-1907 ; Henry J .

Ha rdenbe rgh

Des igned i n t h e F rench R e n a i s s a n c e s t y l e , t h i s m a s s i v e e i g h t e e n - s t o r y w h i t e b r i c k and m a r b l e s t r u c t u r e i s an o u t s t a n d i n g example of American h o t e l a r c h i t e c t u r e . Loca ted a t t h e n o r t h e r n end of 5 th Avenue, and f a c i n g C e n t r a l P a r k , i t i s a f a m i l i a r symbol of e l e g a n c e , no o t h e r h o t e l i n New York commands such an i m p o r t a n t and b e a u t i f u l s i t e . June 2 4 , 1986.

PLYFOJTH CHURCH OF THE PILGRIMS 75 H i c k s S t r e e t , Brook lyn 1849

Henry Ward B e e c h e r , no t ed a b o l i t i o n i s t and m i n i s t e r of Plymouth Church , made t h e c h u r c h a c e n t e r of a n t i s l a v e r y s e n t i m e n t . J u l y 4 , 1 9 6 1 .

PRUDENTIAL (GUARANTY) BUILDING Church and P e a r l S t r e e t s B u f f a l o , E r i e County 1 8 9 5 ; Dankmar A d l e r and L o u i s

S u l l i v a n

The l a s t c o l l a b o r a t i v e e f f o r t of i t s a r c h i t e c t s , t h e P r u d e n t i a l i s a t r i u m p h of e a r l y s k y s c r a p e r d e s i g n . May 1 5 , 1975 .

PUPIN PHYSICS LABORATORIES, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

Broadway and 120 th S t r e e t New York C i t y 1939

I n i t i a l e x p e r i m e n t s on t h e n u c l e a r f i s s i o n of u r an ium were c o n d u c t e d h e r e by E n r i c o F e r m i . The u ran ium atom was s p l i t h e r e i n 1939. December 2 1 , 1965.

QUAKER MEOTIkGHOUSE, OLD See OLD QUAKER MEETINGHOUSE . . .

CHARTERS A (Matthew C. P e r r y H o u s e ) , BROTKLYN NAVY YARD

Brook lyn 1806; C h a r l e s B u l f i n c h

As Commandant of t h e Navy Yard ( 1 8 4 1 - 4 3 ) , F e r r y o c c u p i e d Q u a r t e r s A, r e s i d e n c e of t h e Y a r d ' s commanding o f f i c e r s s i n c e i t s e r e c t i o n . P e r r y ' s m i s s i o n t o J a p a n (1854) opened t h a t c o u n t r y t o Wes te rn t r a d e . May 3 0 , 1974 .

RIVERBY STUDY See BURROUGHS RIVERBY STUDY

ROBESON (PAUL) RESIDENCE 555 Edgecombe Avenue New York C i t y 1916

R e s i d e n c e of t h e famous Black a c t o r , s i n g e r , s c h o l a r , and a t h l e t e , who i n t h e 1940s and 1 9 5 0 s , s u f f e r e d p u b l i c condemnat ion f o r h i s p o l i t i c a l s y m p a t h i e s , b u t was w i d e l y a c c l a i m e d f o r h i s a r t i s t i c t a l e n t . December 8 , 1976.

ROBINSON (JOHN"ROOSEVELT "JACKIE") HOUSE

5224 T i l d e n S t r e e t B rook lyn c . 1915

Home of t h e b a s e b a l l p l a y e r who i n 1947 became t h e f i r s t B lack t o p l a y i n t h e major l e a g u e s , t h u s b r e a k i n g t h e c o l o r b a r r i e r t o f u l l i n t e g r a t i o n i n p r o f e s s i o n a l team s p o r t s . May 1 1 , 1976.

185

New York

ROCKEFELLER (JOHN D. ) ESTATE ( K y k u i t )

P o c a n t i c o H i l l s , W e s t c h e s t e r County 1909

ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH

E s t a t e of one of A m e r i c a ' s mos t famous and c o n t r o v e r s i a l m a g n a t e s , who i s b e s t remembe red f o r h i s o r g a n i z a t i o n a l g e n i u s i n i n d u s t r y and f o r t h e s c a l e and o r g a n i z a t i o n of h i s p h i l a n t h r o p i c a c t i v i t i e s . May 1 1 , 1976.

See FOUNDER'S HALL

ROOT (ELIHU) HOUSE 101 College Hill Road Clinton, Oneida County 1817, with later additions

Secretary of War (1899-1903) under Presidents McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt, and Secretary of State (1905-1909) under Theodore Roosevelt, Root bought this Federal-style house in 1893. He considered it his permanent home throughout his Government service, and he died in Clinton in 1937. November 28, 1972.

One of the finest examples of the Greek Revival Style in the United States. Built on a monumental scale, it is typical of the first half of the 19th century in America and the prosperity of Western New York as a result of the Erie Canal. A later owner made the farm a model of tile drainage and successful scientific agriculture. June 24, 1986.

ROYCROFT CAMPUS Main and South Grove Street East Aurora, Erie County 1895-1938

SAILORS' SNUG HARBOR Richmond T e r r a c e , New B r i g h t o n S t a t e n I s l a n d 1833-1895 (1833 b l o c k a t t r i b u t e d

t o Minard L a f e v e r / M a r t i n Thompson)

SAINT GEORGE'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH 3rd Avenue and E. 1 s t S t r e e t New York C i t y 1856

An A r t s and C r a f t s movement community founded by E l b e r t Hubbard i n 1895 a s an a r t i s t i c r e v o l t a g a i n s t t h e mass p r o d u c t i o n of a p p l i e d a r t s . The t h e o r y was t h a t i n i t s Med ieva l C r a f t G u i l d s e t t i n g , c r a f t s m e n c o u l d l i v e and work , making b e a u t i f u l o b j e c t s by h a n d . - They p r o d u c e d f i n e hand p a i n t e d and bound b o o k s , p a i n t i n g s , c a r v i n g s , m e t a l -work , and c e r a m i c s . F e b r u a r y 2 4 , 1986.

T h i s l a r g e Greek R e v i v a l complex was a r e t i r e m e n t home f o r aged s a i l o r s . A r a r e s u r v i v i n g example of u r b a n p l a n n i n g , l a n d s c a p i n g , and b u i l d i n g s i n t h e Greek R e v i v a l s t y l e , u n e q u a l e d i n t h e U . S . f o r s c a l e , e x t e n t , and q u a l i t y . December 8 , 1976 .

Home c h u r c h of H a r r y T h a c k e r B u r l e i g h , B lack compose r , a r r a n g e r , and s i n g e r who h e l p e d e s t a b l i s h t h e S p i r i t u a l a s an i n t e g r a l p a r t of American c u l t u r e . December 8 , 1976 .

186

ROSE HILL Route 96A E a s t of Geneva , Seneca County 1839

New York

SAINT PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL 5th Avenue between E. 50th and

E. 51st S t r e e t New York City 1858-78; James Renwick, J r .

ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL Broadway, between Fulton and

Vesey S t r e e t s New York Ci ty 1764-66, Thomas McBean;

1794, James C. Lawrence

ST. PETER'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH 107 S ta te S t r e e t Albany, Albany County 1859-60; Richard Upjohn and

Richard M. Upjohn

SARATOGA SPA STATE PARK Vic in i ty of U.S. Route 9 and

New York S ta t e Route 50 Saratoga Springs , Saratoga County ca . 1835, 1909-1935; A.H.

Brinckerhoff, J .H. Freedlander, D.J. Baum, M.T. Reynolds

SCHUYLER MANSION Clinton and Schuyler S t r e e t s Albany, Albany County 1761-62

SCOTT (GENERAL WINFIELD) HOUSE 24 W. 12th S t r e e t New York City 1851-52

SEVENTH REGIMENT ARMORY 643 Park Avenue New York Ci ty 1877-80, 1909-11, 1930;

Charles W. Cl in ton , Stanford White

Climaxing Renwick's ca ree r , the ca thedra l i s the f i r s t l a rge - sca le Medieval-style church in America. December 8, 1976.

One of the only surviving churches of New New York C i t y ' s Colonial e r a . Washington came here for a spec ia l se rv ice a f t e r h i s Inauguration in 1789. October 9, 1960.

French Gothic style church with modified basilican plan, one of the architects' best works. January 16, 1980.

Establ ished, in 1909, t o conserve and develop Sara toga ' s spr ings for publ ic benef i t . A leading exponent of hydrotherapy, Dr. Simon Baruch, guided the Spa ' s development in i t s e a r l y yea r s . The major complex was constructed in the 1930s and includes a h o t e l , two bathhouses, a swimming pool , a b o t t l i n g p l a n t , an adminis t ra t ion and research cen t e r , and a grand Hall of Springs in the European s t y l e . February 27, 1987.

Schuyler was a major general in the Revolutionary War and a member of the Continental Congress. The house conta ins a highly ornamented center h a l l s ta irway and f i r s t f loor panel ing . December 24, 1967.

Sco t t , v i c t o r i o u s general in the Mexican War and Whig P r e s i d e n t i a l candidate in 1852, bought t h i s brownstone in 1853. November 7, 1973.

A massive brick Gothic s t r u c t u r e occupying an e n t i r e c i t y block in downtown New York Ci ty . A t h r ee - s t o ry bui lding with a one-s to ry d r i l l shed behind, i t conta ins one of the most s i g n i f i c a n t groups of 1880s high-s t y l e i n t e r i o r s and furn i ture outs ide of a museum, including an i n t ac t i n t e r i o r designed by Tiffany. Only armory to. be owned by the regiment for which i t was cons t r u c t e d . February 24, 1986.

137

New York

SEWARD (WILLIAM H.) HOUSE 33 South Street Auburn, Cayuga County 1816

SINCLAIR (HARRY F.) HOUSE 2 E. 79th Street New York City c. 1899; Charles P.H. Gilbert

SLABSIDES (John Burroughs Cabin) Just west of West Park Ulster County 1895

SLEEPY HOLLOW CHURCH

Seward served as Governor (1839-43) and U.S. Senator from New York (1848-61), emerging as a leading a n t i s l a v e r y f igure in the Whig and, l a t e r , Republican P a r t i e s . As Secre tary of S ta te (1861-69), he negot i a t e d the purchase of Alaska from Russia (1867). This house was h i s permanent r e s i dence from 1824 u n t i l h i s death in 1872. January 29, 1964.

Home (1918-30) of the man famous for his contributions to the oil industry and infamous for his association with the Teapot Dome scandal. June 2, 1978.

Summer residence and r e t r e a t of the noted s c i e n t i s t and nature w r i t e r . Called "Slabsides" because of i t s bark-covered s i d i n g . November 24, 1968.

See tXJTCH REFORMED CHURCH

SMITH (ALFRED E.) HOUSE 25 Oliver S t r e e t New York City Late 19th century

SOHO CAST-IRON HISTORIC DISTRICT

26 blocks in lower Manhattan New York City 1850-1890

This 3-s tory Vic tor ian brick rowhouse was the home of Alfred E. Smith from 1907 to 1923. Smith was Governor of New York and the Democratic candidate for Pres ident in 1928, the f i r s t Roman Cathol ic nominee of a major p a r t y . November 28, 1972.

Probably the l a r g e s t e x i s t i n g group of 19th-century c a s t - i r o n facades in the world. June 2, 1978.

SOUSA (JOHN PHILIP) HOUSE 14 Hicks Lane, Sands Point Port Washington, Nassau County c . 1907; A.B. Trowbridge

SPRINGSIDE (Matthew Vassar House)

Academy and Livingston S t r e e t s Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County 1850-52; Andrew Jackson Downing

Sousa, a band d i r e c t o r and composer, was best known for h i s marches, including "The S t a r s and S t r i p e s Forever." He l ived here from 1910 u n t i l h i s death in 1932. May 23, 1966.

A.J . Downing, the f i r s t American landscape a r c h i t e c t , l a id out Vassar1s country e s t a t e and designed a Gothic Revival cot tage and gatehouse for i t . Through h i s pub l i ca t i ons , Downing had considerable impact in shaping American t a s t e s in a r c h i t e c t u r e . August 11, 1969.

188

New York

STANTON (ELIZABETH CADY) HOUSE 32 Washington S t r e e t Seneca F a l l s , Seneca County 1846

Stanton, a leader in the women's r i g h t s movement, l ived here a t the time of the Women's Rights Convention a t Seneca Fa l l s in 1848, which she helped organize . June 23, 1965. (Included in Women's Rights National H i s t o r i c a l Park.)

STATE CAPITOL See NEW YORK STATE CAPITOL

STEEPLETOP (Edna S t . Vincent Millay House)

A u s t e r l i t z , Columbia County 20th century

STEWART (A. T.) COMPANY STORE 280 Broadway New York City 1846; Trench and Snook

STONY POINT BATTLEFIELD North of Stony Point on

U.S. 9W and 202 Rockland County July 15, 1779

SUNNYSIDE (Washington Irving House)

Sunnyside Lane Tarrytown v i c i n i t y Westchester County 1780, 1836-47 (remodeled)

SURROGATE'S COURT (Hall of Records)

31 Chambers S t r e e t New York Ci ty 1899-1907; James R. Thomas,

Horgan and S l a t t e r y

THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT CXXJRTHOUSE (Jefferson Market Courthouse)

6th Avenue a t 10th S t r e e t New York City 1874-77; Frederick C. Withers

TIFFANY AND COMPANY BUILDING 401 5th Avenue New York City 1905; McKim, Mead and White

Millay was a leader in the Bohemian cu l tu re movement of the 1920s and an important l i t e r a r y f i g u r e . She purchased t h i s 2-s tory clapboard house in 1925. November 11 , 1971.

S t ewar t ' s s t o r e , the "Marble Palace ," has been ca l l ed the cradle of the department s t o r e . June 2, 1978.

Patriot victory at Stony Point, under Gen. "Mad Anthony" Wayne, insured Gen. Washington's control of the Hudson River and West Point. January 20, 1961.

This stone house, purchased by w r i t e r Washington Irving in 1835, was h i s heme u n t i l h i s dea th . He i s bes t remembered for h i s t a l e s of the Hudson River Dutch s e t t l e ments. December 29, 1962.

Modeled a f t e r the Hotel de V i l l e in P a r i s , t h i s s t r uc tu r e i s the most accurate r ep resen ta t ion of t h i s " s ty le o f f i c i e l " in New York Ci ty . December 22, 1977.

Designed in the "Ruskinian" or "Venetian" s t y l e , and an outstanding example of c i v i c a r c h i t e c t u r e , t h i s i s Withers ' bes t known work. I t i s exuberant by comparison with h i s o the r des igns , which include a number of Gothic churches and the Gallaudet College main complex. December 22, 1977.

From 1905 to about 1940, t h i s copy of a Venet ian-s tyle palazzo was the home of the p re s t i g ious jewelry s t o r e . June 2, 1978.

189

New York

TILDEN (SAMUEL J.) HOUSE 14-15 Gramercy Park South New York City c. 1835 (facade altered 1874); Calvert Vaux

TRINITY CHURCH AND GRAVEYARD Broadway at Wall Street New York City 1846; Richard Upjohn

TUBMAN (HARRIET) HOME FOR THE AGED

180-182 South Street Auburn, Cayuga County c. 1908, c. 1947 reworked

UNITED STATES CUSTOM HOUSE Bowling Green, New York City 1900-07; Cass Gilbert

UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY New York 218 West Point, Orange County 1778

USS INTREPID In t rep id Square New York City 1943

USS THE SULLIVANS 1 Naval Cove Park Buffalo, Erie County 1943

Occupied today by the National Arts Club, t h i s important Victorian-Gothic bui lding was the residence ( c . 1860-c. 1885) of the c e n t r a l f igure in the disputed Tilden-Hayes P re s iden t i a l e l e c t i o n (1876). An ou t s t an ding reformer, Tilden exposed the Tweed and Canal Rings. May 11, 1976.

The o ldes t Episcopal par i sh in New York Ci ty . Alexander Hamilton, Robert Fulton, and William Bradford are buried in the graveyard. December 8, 1976.

Tubman (1821-1913), the most famous "conductor" on the Underground Rai l road, personal ly led more than 300 s laves t o f r ee dom. She e s t ab l i shed t h i s home for aged and indigent Blacks in 1908. May 30, 1974.

Outstanding example of the use of Beaux-Arts elements in a government s t r u c t u r e , and one of Cass G i l b e r t ' s f i ne s t bu i l d ings . Embellished with sculpture by Daniel Chester French and murals by Reginald Marsh. December 8, 1976.

Training cen te r for Army o f f i c e r s s ince 1802. Benedict Arnold commanded the post here during the Revolutionary War and attempted to be t ray i t to the B r i t i s h . December 19, 1960.

The t h i r d Essex c l a s s a i r c r a f t c a r r i e r b u i l t by the United S t a t e s . Representat ive of the Essex c l a s s t h a t formed the core of f a s t c a r r i e r task forces in the P a c i f i c . Fought in the Ba t t l e of Leyte Gulf in 1944, the l a r g e s t naval b a t t l e in h i s t o r y , and received f ive b a t t l e s t a r s for her World War I I s e r v i c e . January 14, 1986.

Representat ive of the Fle tcher c l a s s des t royer tha t was the backbone of U.S. des t royer forces in World War I I . She was named a f t e r the five Sul l ivan bro thers who were k i l l e d when USS Juneau was l o s t in ac t ion in mid-November 1942. She earned 9 b a t t l e s t a r s for her service in intense combat in the Pac i f i c from 1943 to 1945. January 14, 1986.

190

New York

VALCOUR BAY 7 miles south of Plattsburgh Clinton County 1776

VAN ALEN HOUSE New York 9H, 2 m i l e s s o u t h of

U . S . 9 Kinderhook v i c i n i t y Columbia County 1737-50

In 1776 , t h e p r e s e n c e of an American f l e e t on t h e w e s t s h o r e of Lake Champla in , a t V a l c o u r Bay, hampered t h e B r i t i s h and a l l o w e d an American v i c t o r y a t S a r a t o g a a y e a r l a t e r , a t u r n i n g p o i n t i n t h e R e v o l u t i o n a r y War. J a n u a r y 1 , 1 9 6 1 .

R e c t a n g u l a r b r i c k b u i l d i n g w i t h a s h a r p l y p i t c h e d r o o f . A t y p e of Dutch C o l o n i a l b r i c k house b u i l t i n t h e n o r t h e r n c o u n t i e s of t h e Hudson R i v e r V a l l e y i n t h e 18 th c e n t u r y . December 2 4 , 1967 .

VAN CORTLANDT HOUSE 242nd S t r e e t The Bronx 1748-49

Among t h e mos t n o t a b l e e a r l y G e o r g i a n manor h o u s e s , s i g n i f i c a n t f o r t h e e x c e l l e n c e of i t s s t o n e and b r i c k masonry and t h e d e t a i l of i t s woodwork. Now w i t h i n a c i t y p a r k . December 2 4 , 1976 .

VAN CORTLANDT MANOR U . S . 9 , n o r t h of i n t e r s e c t i o n

w i t h U . S . 9A C r o t o n - o n - H u d s o n W e s t c h e s t e r County c . 1650 ( b e g u n ) , c . 1749 ( e n l a r g e d )

T h i s s t r u c t u r e i s one of t h e most a u t h e n t i c s u r v i v a l s of t h e 1 8 t h - c e n t u r y D u t c h - E n g l i s h manor house i n t h e Hudson R i v e r V a l l e y . November 5 , 1 9 6 1 .

VASSAR COLLEGE See OLD MAIN, VASSAR COLLEGE

VASSAR HOUSE See SPRINGSIDE

VILLA LEWARO N. Broadway G r e e n b u r g h , W e s t c h e s t e r County 1918; V e r t n e r W. Tandy

Des igned by t h e n o t e d B lack a r c h i t e c t V e r t n e r Woodson Tandy f o r Madame C. J . W a l k e r , s u c c e s s f u l c o s m e t i c s m a n u f a c t u r e r , V i l l a Lewaro i s one i l l u s t r a t i o n of a c h i e v e m e n t s by B l a c k s i n a r c h i t e c t u r e and b u s i n e s s . May 1 1 , 1976 .

VOORLEZER'S HOUSE, THE A r t h u r K i l l Road, o p p o s i t e

C e n t e r S t r e e t S t a t e n I s l a n d , Richmond County 1690

I m p o r t a n t r e l i c of 1 7 t h - c e n t u r y Dutch s e t t l e m e n t i n New York . I t i s a l s o t h e o l d e s t known e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l b u i l d i n g i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . November 5 , 1 9 6 1 .

WASHINGTON'S HEATX7UARTERS L i b e r t y and Wash ing ton S t r e e t s Newburgh, Orange County 1750

WATERVLIET ARSENAL S. Broadway Waterv l ie t , Albany County 1813

Dutch Colonial f i e lds tone res idence , used by Washington from April 1, 1782, t o August 19, 1783, during the closing days of the Revolution. January 20, 1961.

The Arsena l ' s bus i e s t years were during the Mexican and Civ i l Wars. I t became the Government's cannon factory in 1889, producing seacoast defense guns. November 13, 1966.

191

New York

WATSON (ELKANAH) HOUSE 3 miles east of U.S. 9 Port Kent, Essex County 1828

Watson was the originator of the agricultural fair and supported the establishment of a National Board of Agriculture. July 19, 1964.

WEST POINT See U.S. MILITARY ACADEMY

WOOD (JETHRO) HOUSE New York 34B Poplar Ridge, Cayuga County 1800

WCODCHUCK LODGE (John Burroughs Home)

2 miles from Roxbury Delaware County 1860's

Wood patented the f i r s t successful i ron plow in 1819. His 2-s tory clapboard house i s s t i l l used as a res idence . Ju ly 19, 1964.

S c i e n t i s t and nature w r i t e r , Burroughs used t h i s summer r e t r e a t for working and e n t e r t a in ing f r i ends . December 29, 1962.

WOOLWORTH BUILDING 233 Broadway New York City 1913; Cass Gi lber t

WTCKOFF-BENNETT HOMESTEAD 1669 East 22nd S t r ee t Brooklyn, Kings County c . 1766

WYCKOFF HOUSE 5902 Canarsie Lane Brooklyn, Kings County 1652

Bui l t as corporate headquarters for the v a r i e t y s to re chain, i t was, on completion, the wor ld ' s t a l l e s t ed i f i c e (792 f e e t ) . November 13, 1966.

A superb example of the Dutch Colonial s t y l e . Modest in s i z e , i t has survived with l i t t l e change, and has much of i t s 18th-century panelled woodwork i n t a c t . December 8, 1976.

Superintendent of Peter S tuyvesant ' s e s t a t e , P i e t e r Wyckoff, occupied t h i s frame dwelling constructed in the Flemish Colonial s t y l e . I t i s a major and l i t t l e - a l t e r e d example of a type of frame house much used by Dutch s e t t l e r s on western Long I s land , and i s probably among the o ldes t ex tant houses in the U.S. December 24, 1967.

192

NORTH CAROLINA (28)

BILTMORE ESTATE Biltmore Plaza Asheville, Buncombe County 1888, Frederick Law Olmsted

(grounds); 1890, Richard Morris Hunt (Biltmore House)

BLACKWELL (W. T.) AND COMPANY TOBACCO FACTORY

201 W. Pettigrew Street Durham, Durham County 1874

CHOWAN COUNTY CCORTHOUSE E. King Street Edenton, Chowan County 1767

CONNEMARA, THE CARL SANDBURG FARM 0.25 mile west of Flat Rock Henderson County 1838; Christopher G. Memminger

Profitable forest management was first practiced here beginning in 1892. Owner George W. Vanderbilt set up the Biltmore Forest School in 1898, the first of its kind. Biltmore House is a lavish reminder of the opulent tastes of America's wealthy industrial magnates of the late 19th century. May 23, 1963.

This factory was the home of Bull Durham smoking tobacco, the first truly national tobacco brand. In processing and promoting Bull Durham, W. T. Blackwell and company introduced production, packaging, and marketing techniques that made Bull Durham a part of American industrial history and folklore. December 22, 1977.

Edenton was the first permanent colonial settlement in North Carolina. The present courthouse replaced one completed in 1719. April 15, 1970.

Sandburg, the poet, novelist, and writer of a Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Lincoln, lived here from 1945 until his death in 1967. Memminger, the builder of the house, was Secretary of the Treasury for the Confederacy. May 23, 1968. (Now the Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site.)

CCOLEEMEE Mocksville Vicinity Davie County 1850-55; after W. H. Ranlett

A monumental example of the villas that became popular in America as a result of architectural pattern books of the 1850s. An unusually sophisticated villa for its rural Piedmont location. June 2, 1978.

(XJOLMORE Route 3, Tarboro v i c i n i t y Fdgecanbe County 1859-61; E. G. Lind

This p l an t a t i on complex i s one of the l a r g e s t , f i n e s t , and best-documented examples of a mid-19th-century I t a l i a n v i l l a in the South. June 2, 1978.

CUPOLA HOUSE 408 S. Broad Street Edenton, Chowan County c . 1725, 1750s (remodeled)

Rare example of a Southern co lon ia l house having a Jacobean 2nd-story overhang. The roof i s crowned by an octagonal wood cupola. April 15, 1970.

193

North Carolina

DANIELS (JOSEPHUS) HOUSE 1520 Caswell Street Raleigh, Wake County c. 1920

DUKE HOMESTEAD AND TOBACCO FACTORY On N.C. 1025 east of Guess Road,

0.5 miles north of Durham Durham County 1851

Secretary of the Navy (1913-21) under President Wilson, Daniels significantly reformed policies by introducing schooling for illiterate sailors, instituting vocational training, opening the Naval Academy to enlisted men, and reforming the naval prison system. December 8, 1976.

In 1890 Washington Duke organized the American Tobacco Company, preeminent in its time. Duke's frame house and first small tobacco factory of log construction remain. November 13, 1966.

FORT FISHER 18 miles south of Wilmington on U.S. 421

New Hanover County 1862-65

HAYES PLANTATION E. Water Street Extension Edenton vicinity, Chowan County c. 1801

HELPER (HINTON ROWAN) HOUSE Vicinity of Mocksville Davie County

MARKET HOUSE Marke t S q u a r e F a y e t t e v i l l e , Cumberland County 1838

NASH-HCOPER HOUSE 118 W. Tryon S t r e e t H i l l s b o r o u g h , Orange County 18 th c e n t u r y

An e a r t h e n C o n f e d e r a t e s t r o n g h o l d which c r e a t e d an i m p a s s a b l e b a r r i e r f o r t h e b l o c k a d i n g Union f l e e t . I t s f a l l , i n J a n u a r y 1 8 6 5 , h e l p e d i s o l a t e t h e C o n f e d e r a c y . November 5 , 1 9 6 1 .

A l a r g e w h i t e frame house w i t h columned po rch t h a t d i s p l a y s u n u s u a l l y e a r l y t o u c h e s of Greek R e v i v a l , b l e n d e d w i t h F e d e r a l d e s i g n . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

H e l p e r , a u t h o r of The Impending C r i s i s ( 1 8 5 7 ) , a c o n t r o v e r s i a l a n t i - s l a v e r y book , l i v e d h e r e f o r t h e f i r s t 20 y e a r s of h i s l i f e , and r e t u r n e d i n l a t e r y e a r s . The o r i g i n a l l o g s t r u c t u r e i s now c l a p b o a r d e d and h a s modern frame a d d i t i o n s . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

P a t t e r n e d a f t e r 1 8 t h - c e n t u r y E n g l i s h town h a l l s . Meat and p r o d u c e were s o l d u n d e r t h e open f i r s t - f l o o r a r c a d e w h i l e t h e s e c o n d f l o o r s e r v e d a s t h e town h a l l . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

B u i l t by F r a n c i s Nash , R e v o l u t i o n a r y War h e r o and g e n e r a l . Home, from 1782 u n t i l h i s d e a t h i n 1790 , of W i l l i a m Hoope r , a s i g n e r of t h e D e c l a r a t i o n of I n d e p e n d e n c e f o r N o r t h C a r o l i n a and a d e l e g a t e t o t h e C o n t i n e n t a l C o n g r e s s ( 1 7 7 4 - 7 7 ) . November 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

NORTH CAROLINA MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

114-116 W. P a r i s h S t r e e t Durham, Durham County 1921

Home o f f i c e of t h e Nor th C a r o l i n a Mutual L i f e I n s u r a n c e Company, a Black-managed e n t e r p r i s e founded i n 1898 which a c h i e v e d f i n a n c i a l s u c c e s s d e s p i t e t h e age of " J im Crow." May 1 5 , 1975 .

194

North Carolina

NORTH CAROLINA STATE CAPITOL See STATE CAPITOL

OLD EAST Chapel Hill, Orange County 1795

The f i r s t bui lding constructed on the campus of the f i r s t S ta te un ive r s i t y in the U . S . , the Univers i ty of North Carol i n a , which was char tered in 1789. December 21 , 1965.

OLD SALEM HISTORIC DISTRICT Salem College campus and area near

Salem Square Winston-Salem, Forsyth County c . 1770

PALMER-MARSH HOUSE Main Street, south of North Carolina 92

Bath, Beaufort County c. 1774

Well-preserved example of an 18th-century planned community, established by Moravians. The city that grew up here became the commercial center of the surrounding Piedmont region. November 13, 1966.

Well preserved example of a substantial Colonial town house designed as both a place of business and a residence. April 15, 1970.

PIAYMAKERS THEATRE Cameron Avenue Chapel Hill, Orange County 1850; attributed to A. J. Davis

One of the oldest structures on the campus of the University of North Carolina, originally named Smith Hall, for Governor Benjamin Smith. It became the Playmakers Theater in 1925. November 7, 1973.

REED GOLD MINE 11 miles southeast of Concord on U.S. 601 and North Carolina 200

Cabarrus County 1799

Nuggets found here set off the first gold rush in the United States. This mine furnished much of the gold minted in Philadelphia before 1829. May 23, 1966.

SALEM TAVERN 800 S. Main Street Winston-Salem, Forsyth County 1784

SANDBURG (CARL) FARM

The f i r s t br ick bui lding in Salem, r e f l e c t i n g the a r c h i t e c t u r a l her i tage of the town's Moravian s e t t l e r s . January 29, 1964.

See CONNEMARA

SINGLE BROTHERS' HOUSE S. Main and Academy S t r e e t s Winston-Salem, Forsyth County 1768-69, 1786

STATE CAPITOL Capi tol Square Raleigh, Wake County 1833-40; I t h i e l Town, Alexander

Jackson Davis, and David Paton

Restored example of German half- t imbered cons t ruc t ion . Used as a t rade school for Moravian boys and as a dormitory for master craftsmen, journeymen, and apprent i c e s . Apri l 15, 1970.

An example of Greek Revival a r c h i t e c t u r e in i t s most soph is t i ca ted and e r u d i t e form. Important represen ta t ive work of the three major 19th-century a r c h i t e c t s . Imposing rotunda, 2-s tory l e g i s l a t i v e chambers, r i c h d e t a i l , and subdued co lors d i s t i n g u i s h the bu i ld ing . November 7, 1973.

195

North Carolina

TOWN CREEK INDIAN MOUND 5 miles southeast of Mount Gilead Montgomery County Late p r e h i s t o r i c

UNION TAVERN (Yellow Tavern) Main S t r ee t Milton, Caswell County c. 1800

USS MONITOR South of Cape Hatteras

in Atlantic Ocean 1862; John Ericsson

USS NORTH CAROLINA West bank of Cape Fear River Wilmington, New Hanover County 1940

WOLFE (THOMAS) HOUSE 48 Spruce S t r e e t Ashev i l l e , Buncombe County Early 20th century

Ceremonial cen te r for a group of people with a Mississ ippian- inf luenced cu l tu re who had moved northward in to the a r ea . Ju ly 19, 1964.

Workshop s tud io of Thomas Day, e a r l y 19th-century free Black cabinetmaker who achieved recogni t ion for the super ior q u a l i t y of h i s craftsmanship. May 15, 1975.

The wor ld ' s f i r s t t u r r e t ed i ronc lad , she demonstrated the p r a c t i c a l i t y and capab i l i t y of t h i s design in her famous 1862 Civ i l War b a t t l e aga ins t the Confederate i ronc lad , V i rg in i a . The p u b l i c ' s favorable sentiments tha t she was the "ship t h a t saved the Union" a l so helped to influence the c rea t ion of many more ships ships of her type . She l i e s under 220 fee t of water off the c o a s t . June 23, 1986.

Was the f i r s t nodern American b a t t l e s h i p b u i l t a f t e r World War I . Set a standard for new shipbui lding technology t h a t combined high speeds with powerful armament. Her super ior performance during the Ba t t l e of the Eastern Solomons in August 1942 e s t ab l i shed the primary ro l e of the f a s t b a t t l e s h i p as the p ro tec to r of the a i r c r a f t c a r r i e r . She has the bes t war record of any surviving American b a t t l e sh ip serving in the Pac i f i c during World War I I , and she earned 15 b a t t l e s t a r s for her s e r v i c e . January 14, 1986.

Wolfe, a major American n o v e l i s t , used h i s boyhood experiences in t h i s rambling frame house in h i s novels , the f i r s t of which was Look Homeward, Angel. Wolfe's mother bought the house in 1906, and he l ived here u n t i l 1916. November 11, 1971.

YELLOW TAVERN See UNION TAVERN

196

NORTH DAKOTA (3)

BIG HIDATSA VILLAGE SITE Near the mouth of the Knife River Mercer County 1740-1850 (occupation period)

FORT UNION TRADING POST Buford v i c i n i t y Williams County (a l so in

Roosevelt County, Montana) 1829

Largest of three Hidatsa communities near the mouth of the Knife River, showing the e f f e c t s of near ly a century of fur t rade i n t e r ac t i on with Whites. Believed t o contain the best-def ined e a r t h lodge depress ions of any major Native American s i t e in the Great P l a i n s . Ju ly 19, 1964. (Now included within the Knife River Indian Vi l lages National Hi s to r i c S i t e . )

P r inc ipa l fu r - t rad ing depot in the Upper Missouri River region from 1829 to 1867. Ju ly 4 , 1961. (Now included in the Nat i ona l Park System as Fort Union Trading Post National Hi s to r i c S i t e . )

MENCKEN INDIAN VILLAGE SITE 1 mile nor th of Menoken Burleigh County Pre-1738

Si te of the f i r s t Menoken Indian v i l l a g e reached by the Verendrye expedi t ion of 1738. Excavation has uncovered evidence of a p a l i s a d e . (The s i t e now forms Verendrye S ta te Park.) Ju ly 19, 1964.

197

NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS, COMMONWEALTH OF THE (2)

LANDING BEACHES; ASLITO/ISLEY FIELD; AND MARPI POINT, SAIPAN ISLAND

Vicinity of Chalan Kanoa Saipan, Mariana Islands 1944-45

In 1944, an American v ic to ry here marked the breaking of the inner l ine of Japanese World War I I defenses in the P a c i f i c . Afterwards, Saipan became a base for U.S. B-29 bombers for long-range bombing of the Japanese homeland through the end of the war. February 4 , 1985.

TINIAN LANDING BEACHES, USHI POINT FIELD, AND NORTH FIELD, TINIAN ISLAND

Tinian Island Mariana Islands 1944-45

With the capture of Tinian from the Japanese by U.S. Marines in the summer of 1944, U.S. forces b u i l t f a c i l i t i e s for long-range B-29 bombers on the i s l and . From T i n i a n ' s runways, B-29s conducted a t t a c k s on the Japanese homeland. The bombers tha t dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki began t h e i r missions he re . December 30, 1985.

198

OHIO (51)

BAUM-TAFT HOUSE ( T a f t Museum)

316 P i k e S t r e e t C i n c i n n a t i , Hami l t on County c . 1820

BEGINNING POINT OF THE U . S . PUBLIC LAND SURVEY

On t h e O h i o - P e n n s y l v a n i a b o u n d a r y E. L i v e r p o o l , Columbiana County 1785

CINCINNATI MUSIC HALL 1243 Elm S t r e e t C i n c i n n a t i , Hami l t on County 1878

CINCINNATI UNION TERMINAL 1301 w e s t e r n Avenue C i n c i n n a t i , Hami l t on County 1 9 3 3 ; F e l l h e i m e r and Wagner

CINCINNATI ZOO HISTORIC STRUCTURES

V i c i n i t y of 3400 Vine S t r e e t C i n c i n n a t i , H a m i l t o n County P r e - 1 8 0 0 (Monkey House and

A v i a r y ) , James McLaugh l in ; 1902 ( H e r b i v o r e House)

CLEVELAND ARCADE 401 E u c l i d Avenue C l e v e l a n d , Cuyahoga County 1 8 8 8 - 9 0 ; John Eisenman

and George H. Smi th

F o r m e r l y t h e home of C h a r l e s P . T a f t , h a l f - b r o t h e r of P r e s i d e n t T a f t . One of t h e e a r l i e s t g r a n d m a n s i o n s i n O h i o , w i t h F e d e r a l d e t a i l . Mr. and Mrs . T a f t b e q u e a t h e d i t and t h e i r c o l l e c t i o n s of p a i n t i n g s , O r i e n t a l p o r c e l a i n s , and s c u l p t u r e t o t h e c i t y of C i n c i n n a t i . J a n u a r y 7 , 1976 .

The p o i n t from which a r e c t a n g u l a r - g r i d l a n d s u r v e y s y s t e m was e s t a b l i s h e d u n d e r t h e O r d i n a n c e of 1785 , which p r o v i d e d f o r a d m i n i s t r a t i o n and s u b d i v i s i o n of l a n d i n t h e o l d N o r t h w e s t T e r r i t o r y . A l s o i n P e n n s y l v a n i a . ) June 2 3 , 1965 .

An e a r l y c i v i c c e n t e r b u i l t i n V i c t o r i a n G o t h i c s t y l e , j o i n i n g a m u s i c h a l l and i n d u s t r i a l e x h i b i t i o n h a l l s . Used f o r p o p u l a r 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y German-American S i n g i n g F e s t i v a l s . December 2 , 1974 .

One of t h e l a s t g r a n d - s c a l e t e r m i n a l s i n t h e A r t Deco s t y l e , i t i s a l s o a m a s t e r p i e c e of p l a n n i n g by P a u l C r e t , a r c h i t e c t , who worked w i t h t h e f i r m of F e l l h e i m e r and Wagner . At t h e peak of r a i l t r a f f i c , i t accommodated 17 ,000 p e o p l e and 216 t r a i n s d a i l y . May 5 , 1 9 7 7 .

The s e c o n d o l d e s t zoo i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , opened t o t h e p u b l i c i n Sep t emb e r 1875 . S i g n i f i c a n t f o r t h e a n t i q u i t y and r i c h n e s s of i t s c o l l e c t i o n s and f o r i t s e f f o r t s i n t h e p r o p a g a t i o n and n u r t u r e of r a r e and e n d a n g e r e d s p e c i e s . Was w e l l - k n o w n a s t h e home of "Mar tha" t h e l a s t p a s s e n g e r p i g e o n . The A v i a r y , where she l i v e d , and t h e o r i g i n a l Monkey House and H e r b i v o r e ( E l e p h a n t ) House a r e t h e z o o ' s e a r l i e s t s u r v i v i n g s t r u c t u r e s . F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987.

One of t h e few 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y g l a s s -c o v e r e d s h o p p i n g a r e a s i n Amer ica—an e n g i n e e r i n g m a r v e l i n i t s d a y . May 1 5 , 1975 .

199

Ohio

COOKE (JAY) HOME Put-in-Bay, Gibraltar Island Ottawa County 1864-65

Civil War bond sales by financier Cooke were an important source of financial support for the Union. The failure of his banking firm caused the Panic of 1873. He used this island home in summers until he died in 1905. November 13, 1966.

(WINGTON AND CINCINNATI SUSPENSION BRIDGE

See entry under Kentucky listings

CUTLER (MANASSEH) HALL, OHIO UNIVERSITY

Athens, Athens County 1819

Oldest college building in the Old Northwest. Named for the New England minister who wrote the University's charter in 1804. December 21, 1965.

DEEP CUT, MIAMI AND ERIE CANAL See MIAMI AND ERIE CANAL ...

DUNBAR (PAUL LAWRENCE) HOUSE 219 N. Summit Street Dayton, Montgomery County c. 1890

Dunbar, a distinguished American Black poet, lived here between 1903 and 1906. December 29, 1962.

EDISON (THOMAS A.) BIRTHPLACE Edison Drive Milan, Erie County 1841

Edison, inventor of the microphone, phonograph, and incandescent electric lamp was born here in 1847. January 12, 1965.

FALLEN TIMBERS BATTLEFIELD 2 miles west of Maumee on U.S. 24 Lucas County August 20, 1794

General "Mad Anthony" Wayne's v i c to ry here over the Indians e s t ab l i shed U.S. power in the Old Northwest and opened northern and western Ohio t o American se t t l ement . October 9, 1960.

PORT ANCIENT 7 miles southeast of Lebanon on Ohio 350

Warren County C 4 AD

Built and inhabited by people of the Hopewell culture. A hilltop area with large surrounding earthworks. (Now the Fort Ancient State Memorial.) July 19, 1964.

FORT MEIGS 1 mile southwest of Perrysburg Wood County 1813-15

Built by Gen. William Henry Harrison during the War of 1812, the fort withstood a British siege the next year. It was abandoned in 1815, after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent. August 4, 1969.

GARFIELD (JAMES A.) HOME (Lawnfield) 1059 Mentor Avenue Mentor, Lake County 1832, 1877-79 (enlarged by Garfield )

Garfield, who bought this house in 1876 and enlarged it, ran his 1880 Presidential campaign from Lawnfield. January 29, 1969. (Became the James A. Garfield National Historic Site in 1980.)

200

Ohio

GIDDINGS (JOSHUA R.) LAW OFFICE 112 N. Chestnut Street Jefferson, Ashtabula County 1823

GLENDALE HISTORIC DISTRICT Glendale, Hamilton County 1851

GRANT (U.S.) BOYHOOD HOME 219 East Grant Avenue Georgetown, Brown County 1823-39; Jesse R. Grant

HARDING (WARREN G.) HOME 380 Mount Vernon Avenue Marion, Marion County 1890

Small 2-room frame structure, used by the radical abolitionist and Congressman 1838-59) for most of his professional life. May 30, 1974.

One of the earliest American communities laid out on the irregular "picturesque" plan, derived from cemetery design, as opposed to the rectangular grid then commonly used. May 5, 1977.

Grant, one of the great captains in western military history, was brought to this house as an infant and lived here until he left to enter the U.S. Military Academy in 1839. February 4, 1985.

The 29th President spent most of his adult life in this house. He conducted his 1920 "front porch" Presidential campaign from here. June 23, 1965.

HAYES HOME See SPIEGEL GROVE

HOPETON EARTHWORKS On U.S 23 Hopeton v i c i n i t y , Ross County 1st century AD

HOTEL BREAKERS Cedar Point Sandusky, Erie County 1905; Wilm Knox and John H.

E l l i o t t

S i te of a la rge Hopewellian ceremonial c e n t e r . Ju ly 19, 1964.

One of the few remaining major r e s o r t ho t e l s from the tu rn-of - the -cen tury age of the r e s o r t hote l in America. A l a rge , l a t e Victor ian chateau- l ike s t r u c t u r e , i t i s a ra re instance of a r e s o r t hotel tha t survives in conjunction with an amusement park. The grounds were the s i t e of events of h i s t o r i c i n t e r e s t such as the per fec t ing of the forward pass by Knute Rockne and Gus Dorais . February 27, 1987.

HYWET HALL See STAN HYWET HALL

KETTERING (CHARLES F.) HOUSE 3965 Southern Boulevard Kettering, Montgomery County 1914; Schenk and Williams

Home (1914-58) of the founder of the Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (Delco) who also headed General Motors research activities. Kettering made many significant contributions to the development of the gasoline and diesel engines that transformed American transportation in the 20th century. December 22, 1977.

201

Ohio

KIRTLAND TEMPLE 9020 Chi l l i co the Road Ki r t l and , Lake County 1833-38

LANGSTON (JOHN MERCER) HOUSE 207 E. College Street Oberlin, Lorain County 1855

IVV4GSTRCTH COTTAGE 303 Patterson Avenue Oxford, Butler County 1856

LAWNFIELD

A vernacular bui lding with Federal and Gothic Revival elements , b u i l t by the Church of Jesus Chr is t of Latter-Day Sa in t s (Mormons) during t h e i r b r ie f sojourn in Ohio. December 8, 1976.

Home (1856-67) of the man who became the f i r s t Black American e l ec ted t o publ ic off ice when he was e l ec ted township c le rk in 1855. He l a t e r served in the Freed-men's Bureau and was f i r s t dean of the Howard Univers i ty Law School, U.S. Represen ta t i ve from Virg in ia (1890-91), and Minister to H a i t i . May 15, 1975.

From 1858 to 1887 t h i s was the heme of Lorenzo L. Langstroth, American beekeeper, who in 1851, discovered a p r i n c ip l e of beehive cons t ruc t ion . This discovery led him to invent a moveable frame tha t made i t poss ib le to remove honey-laden combs from a hive without destroying i t . The frame revolut ionized bee-keeping. The proper ty i s owned by Miami Univers i ty . December 21, 1981.

See GARFIELD HOME

LIBBEY (EDWARD D.) HOUSE 2008 Scottwood Avenue Toledo, Lucas County 1895; David L. St ine

LUNDY (BENJAMIN) HOUSE Union and 3rd S t r e e t s Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson County c . 1815

The home of Edward D. Libbey from 1895 until his death in 1925, the years when he revolutionized the glass industry. It is the best-preserved structure associated with the early development of Libbey Glass, Owens Bottle, and Libbey-Owens Sheet Glass. May 4, 1983.

Lundy established his influential anti-slavery newspaper in this brick rowhouse in 1820. May 30, 1974.

MCGUFFEY (WILLIAM H.) BOYHOOD HOME SITE

McGuffey Road near Ohio 616 Coitsville Township, Mahoning County 1802

MCGUFFEY (WILLIAM H.) HOUSE 401 E. Spring Street Oxford, Butler County 1833

McGuffey, a college professor, authored the Eclectic Readers, elementary school texts which were used for more than 70 years in schools in every part of the United States. May 23, 1966.

While living here between 1833 and 1836, educator McGuffey wrote the first three of his six Eclectic Readers. December 21, 1965.

20 2

Ohio

MCKINLEY (WILLIAM) TOMB Westlawn Cemetery Canton, Stark County 1907

MIAMI AND ERIE CANAL DEEP CUT 2 miles south of Spencervi l le on

Ohio 66 Allen County 1825

NATIONAL ROAD, S BRIDGE

Resting place of the 25th President of the United S t a t e s . His e l e c t i o n in 1896 began an e ra of Republican dominance and a l so of American expansion in the Car ibbean and Far Eas t . May 15, 1975.

The Deep Cut i s a ves t ige of the Canal, one of Ohio's two major a r t i f i c i a l waterways. I t brought s e t t l e r s in to western Ohio and provided access to markets for farmers. January 29, 1964.

See S BRIDGE . . .

NEWARK EARTHWORKS Newark, Licking County c. 650 BC

OBERLIN COLLEGE Tappan Square Oberlin, Lorain County 1837

Prehistoric Hopewellian earthworks, notable for the precision of their layout and the size of their plan. (Now the Mound Builders State Memorial.) July 19, 1964.

Matriculation of four women here in 1837 was the beginninq of co-education on the college level. Oberlin was also a center for abolitionist activity and one of the first schools to admit Blacks. December 21, 1965.

OHIO AND ERIE CANAL Ohio 631, Valley View Village Cuyahoga County 1832

OHIO STATEHOUSE Southeast corner , Broad and High

S t r e e t s Columbus, Franklin County 1839-61; Henry Walters , Alexander

Jackson Davis, William R. West, Nathan Kelly, and I sa iah Rogers

OHIO THEATRE 39 E. S ta te S t r e e t Columbus, Franklin County 1928; Thomas W. Lamb

Par t of a 309-mile canal network connect ing Lake Erie t o the Ohio River. The designated sec t ion includes locks , an aqueduct, m i l l s , and houses. November 13, 1966.

One of the g rea t Greek Revival bui ld ings in America, embodying the idea l s of tha t movement in a publ ic monument. December 22, 1977.

This example of the "Golden Age" of movie palaces has recen t ly been res tored in i t s o r i g ina l "Spanish" s t y l e . May 5, 1977.

OHIO UNIVERSITY, CUTLER HALL See CUTLER HALL . . .

203

Ohio

PENDLETON (GEORGE HUNT) HOUSE 559 E. Liberty Street Cincinnati, Hamilton County 1879

PEOPLE'S FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION

101 E. Court Street Sidney, Shelby County 1918; Louis Sullivan

Pendleton served in the U.S. House (1857-65) and was the Democratic Vice-President i a l candidate in 1864. In the U.S. Senate (1879-85), he spearheaded c i v i l service reform. He and h i s committee met here in 1882 to d ra f t the Pendleton Act, c rea t ing the Civ i l Service meri t system. The Civ i l Service Commission met here for the f i r s t two years of i t s e x i s t e n c e . January 29, 1964.

Executed l a t e in S u l l i v a n ' s c a r e e r , t h i s s t ruc tu r e i s one of h i s commissions tha t has profoundly influenced 20th-century a r c h i t e c t s . December 22, 1977.

PLUM STREET TEMPLE (Isaac M. Wise Temple)

8th and Plum S t r e e t s C inc inna t i , Hamilton County 1865-66; James Keys Wilson

One of the bes t -preserved Moorish Revival bu i ld ings of the 19th century . The rabbi a t the time of cons t ruc t ion was Dr. Isaac Mayer Wise, an important f igure in American Judaism. His leadersh ip made Cincinnat i a center for Reform Judaism in America. May 15, 1975.

PUBLIC LAND SURVEY, BEGINNING POINT OF THE

See BEGINNING POINT ...

RICKENBACKER (CAPTAIN E04ARD V.) HOUSE

1334 E. Livingston Avenue Columbus, Franklin County c. 1895

ROCKET ENGINE TEST FACILITY Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Cuyahoga County 1957-present; National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics

Residence (1895-1922) of the World War I flying ace. He flew in the first ail-American combat mission, and in 6 months shot down 26 German aircraft, making himself a hero to a generation of American youth. May 11, 1976.

Pioneered the technology necessary to employ hydrogen as a rocket fuel, critically important in the development of major vehicles such as the Centaur rocket and the upper stages of the Saturn V. Still an active NASA facility. October 3, 1985.

S BRIDGE, NATIONAL ROAD 4 miles east of Old Washington on

U.S. 40 Guernsey County 1828

A tangible reminder of the National Road, and one of four bridges of its kind extant in Ohio. January 29, 1964.

SEIBERLING HOUSE See STAN HYWET HALL

204

Ohio

SERPENT MOUND 5 miles northwest of Locust Grove

on Ohio 73 Adams County c a . 1,000 BC-200 A.D.

SHERMAN BIRTHPLACE 137 E. Main S t r e e t Lancaster , Fa i r f i e ld County 1825

SPACECRAFT PROPULSION RESEARCH FACILITY

Lewis Research Center Plum Brook S ta t ion

Sandusky, Erie County 1968; National Aeronautics and

Space Administrat ion

SPIEGEL GROVE (Rutherford B. Hayes Home)

Hayes and Buckland Avenues Fremont, Sandusky County 1859-63; Sard i s Birchard

STAN HYWET HALL (Frank A. Se iber l ing House)

714 North Portage Path Akron, Summit County 1911-15

TAFT (ALPHONSO) HOME (William Howard Taft Home)

2038 Auburn Avenue C inc inna t i , Hamilton County c . 1840-50

Earthen snake ef f igy s i t e , probably dating from the Adena per iod . One of the f i r s t a reas in the United S ta te s to be se t aside because of i t s archeological va lue . Ju ly 19, 1964.

Senior Republican Senator John Sherman wrote the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890), the f i r s t attempt by the Federal Government t o regula te indus t ry . He a l so served in the U.S. House and as Secre tary of the Treasury and Secretary of S t a t e . His o lder b ro the r , William Tecumseh Sherman, Union Army General, was a l so born here . January 29, 1964.

S igni f icant in the development of the Centaur Rocket. The Centaur upper stage rocket has launched some of America's most important space probes . This f a c i l i t y enabled engineers to h o t - f i r e f u l l - s c a l e Centaur engines in simulated space cond i t ions . October 3, 1985.

Maintained as a memorial t o Hayes, who was President from 1877 to 1881, and h i s wife, who are buried he re . A l i b r a r y and museum in a separa te s t ruc tu re preserve family memorabilia. January 29, 1964.

From 1915 to 1955 Stan Hywet Hall was the home of Frank A. Se ibe r l ing , founder of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and the Seiber l ing Rubber Company. He was, l i ke Harvey Firestone and B.F. Goodrich, a t i t a n in the American rubber indus t ry . December 21 , 1981.

Bir thplace and boyhood home of the 27th Pres ident of the United S t a t e s , a d i s t i n guished j u r i s t who a l so served as Chief J u s t i c e of the U. S. Supreme Court . January 29, 1964. (Now within the National Park System as the William Howard Taft National Hi s to r i c S i t e . )

TAFT MUSEUM See BAUM-TAFT HOUSE

TYTUS (JOHN B.) HOUSE 300 S. Main S t r e e t Middletown, But le r County 1868

Lifelong home of the inventor of a p r ac t i c a l ho t , w i d e - s t r i p , continuous s t e e l -ro l l i ng process , which contr ibuted s i g n i f i c a n t l y to the growth of the s t e e l indus t ry . May 11, 1976.

205

Ohio

U.S. PUBLIC LAND SURVEY, BEGINNING POINT OF THE

See BEGINNING POINT ...

USS COD North Marginal Drive Cleveland, Cuyahoga County 1943

WISE TEMPLE

Gato c l a s s submarine tha t i s the lowest numbered World War I I submarine preserved today, and the only one of t h a t e ra tha t has not be a l t e r e d to accommodate c i v i l i a n v i s i t o r access . She sank 8 Japanese ships and was awarded 7 b a t t l e s t a r s for her se rv ice in World War I I . January 14, 1986.

See PLUM STREET TEMPLE

YOUNG (COLONEL CHARLES) HOUSE Columbus Pike between Cl i f ton and

Stevenson Roads Wilberforce, Greene County 19th century

ZERO GRAVITY RESEARCH FACILITY (B-2) Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Cuyahoga County 1966-present; National Aeronautics


Residence of the highest - ranking Black o f f i ce r of the World War I per iod , who a l so served as the f i r s t Black m i l i t a r y a t tache in American h i s t o r y . A d i s t i n guished s o l d i e r and teacher of m i l i t a r y courses , he was na t iona l ly known by the time of h i s dea th . May 30, 1974.

Used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administrat ion to study the physics of handling l i q u i d s in a ze ro -grav i ty environment. Knowledge of the c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of l i q u i d s in a low-gravity environment i s highly important t o spacecraf t design, and i s c r u c i a l t o successful performance of high-energy l i qu id - fue l spacecra f t . October 3 , 1985.

206

OKLAHOMA (16)

BOLEY. HISTORIC DISTRICT Boley, Okfuskee County 1903

CAMP NICHOLS 3 miles northeast of Wheeless on Ranch Road

Cimarron County 1865

Largest of the towns established in Oklahoma to provide Black Americans with the opportunity for self government in an era of white supremacy and segregation. May 15, 1975.

Established by Kit Carson to offer protection to wagon trains using the Cimarron Cutoff of the Santa Fe Trail. May 23, 1963.

CHEROKEE NATIONAL CAPITOL Tahlequah, Cherokee County 1869; C.W. Goodlander

CREEK NATIONAL CAPITOL Okmulgee, Okmulgee County 1878

DEER CREEK SITE 6 miles northeast of Newkirk Kay County 1700-50

FORT GIBSON Town of Fort Gibson Muskogee County 1824

FORT SILL North of Lawton, Comanche County 1870

The Cherokee appear to have recognized as early as Colonial times that their survival lay in adjusting to changing circumstances. The National Capitol at Tahlequah represents continuing successful adjustment even after the bitter "Trail of Tears" removal from the East. July 4, 1961.

Victorian-style structure, used by the Creeks from 1878 to 1907, after their adoption of a representative form of government modeled on the United States Congress. July 4, 1961.

Occupied by the Wichita or related Indian groups in the first half of the 18th century. Also the site of a French trading post. April 16, 1964.

Cherokee, Creek, and Seminole Indians removed from the Southeast by the Government were brought here between 1824 and 1840. The fort was abandoned just before the Civil War. December 19, 1960.

Troops stationed here were active in campaigns against Southern Plains tribes in the late 1800s. Virtually all the original fort survives; it has expanded and has continued to play a significant role for the Army in the 20th century. December 19, 1960.

207

Oklahoma

FORT WASHITA Southwest of Nida on Oklahoma 199 Bryan County 1842

Established by Zachary Taylor to protect Chickasaw Indians and to serve as a way-station for travelers on the Southern Overland Trail. June 23, 1965.

MARLAND (ERNEST WHITWORTH) MANSION 901 Monument Road Ponca City, Kay County 1925-41

MCLEMORE SITE 4 miles southeast of Colony on Oklahoma 69

Washita County 1300

Home of an entrepreneur who contr ibuted g r e a t l y to the development of the p e t r o leum industry in the U.S. By the mid-19203, h i s o i l company was the l a r g e s t independent one. December 22, 1977.

A most carefully excavated site making up a Plains Indian village agricultural complex. July 19, 1964.

MURRELL HOME Park Hill, Cherokee County 1845

101 RANCH HISTORIC DISTRICT Marland, Kay County 1879

SEQUOYAH'S CABIN Oklahoma 101, Akins vicinity Sequoyah County 1829

STAMPER SITE 2.5 miles south of Optima Texas County 1300-1450

A 2-s tory frame dwell ing, b u i l t near the Cherokee c a p i t a l by a Virginian who married the niece of Cherokee leader John Ross. I t r e f l e c t s the Anglicized ways adopted by some Cherokees in t h e i r commun i t y of Park H i l l . May 30, 1974.

Large c a t t l e ranch and home base of the 101 Wild West Show which featured B i l l P i c k e t t , well-known Black cowboy who invented s t e e r wres t l ing and was e lec ted t o the Cowboy Hall of Fame. May 15, 1975.

Front ie r house of logs , occupied by Sequoyah's (George G i s t ) , the teacher who invented a sy l labary which made i t poss ib le t o wr i te and read the Cherokee language. The g ian t Cal i forn ia sequoia t r e e s are named for him. (Now forms Sequoyah's Cabin S ta te Park.) December 21 , 1965.

One of the few excavated s i t e s of the North Canadian River branch of the Panhandle Cu l tu re . Ju ly 19, 1964.

WASHITA BATTLEFIELD Northwest of Cheyenne on U.S.

283 Roger Mil ls County 1868

Scene of an a t t ack by C u s t e r ' s t roops on a Cheyenne camp. Demonstrated the e f f e c t iveness of winter campaigns aga ins t Southern P la ins Indian groups. January 12, 1965.

208

Oklahoma

VMEELOCK ACADEMY East of Mi l le r ton off U.S. 70 McCurtain County c. 1832

The prototype for tribal school systems established by the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory. December 21, 1965.

209

CREGON (12)

BONNEVILLE DAM HISTORIC DISTRICT B o n n e v i l l e ; Multnomah County

(Oregon), Skamania County (Washing ton)

1 9 0 9 - 1 9 3 8 ; U . S . Army Corps of E n g i n e e r s

B u i l t by t h e F e d e r a l government t o r a i s e and d i v e r t t h e Columbia R i v e r t o g e n e r a t e h y d r o e l e c t r i c power . I t r e p r e s e n t e d a un ique e n g i n e e r i n g c h a l l e n g e f o r a d i v e r s i o n / o v e r f l o w dam. Was t h e f i r s t major s t r u c t u r e b u i l t t o c r e a t e a " h y d r a u l i c d r o p " c a p a b l e of d e v e l o p i n g more t h a n 500 ,000 KW of e l e c t r i c power . O t h e r s t r u c t u r e s i n t h e d i s t r i c t a r e t h e #1 Powerhouse , t h e N a v i g a t i o n Lock, t h e F i s h w a y s , and t h e F i s h H a t c h e r y . June 3 0 , 1987 .

CRATER LAKE SUPERINTENDENT'S RESIDENCE

C r a t e r Lake N a t i o n a l Park Munson V a l l e y v i c i n i t y Klamath County 1 9 3 2 - p r e s e n t ; A. P a u l Brown

DEADY AND VILLARD HALLS, UNIVERSITY OF ORECTJN

Eugene , Lane County 1876; 1885 , W. W. P i p e r

and Warren H. W i l l i a m s

ELMORE (SAMUEL) CANNERY Waterfront, foot of Flaval Street Astoria, Clatsop County 1881

The o n l y b u i l d i n g of t h e Munson V a l l e y g r o u p , o r i g i n a l l y one of t h e b e s t -d e s i q n e d r u s t i c d e v e l o p m e n t s in a N a t i o n a l P a r k , t h a t r e t a i n s n e a r - o r i g i n a l c o n d i t i o n . The r u s t i c d e s i g n of t h i s b u i l d i n g i s of t h e h i g h e s t q u a l i t y . I t s u n u s u a l method of c o n s t r u c t i o n was d e v i sed f o r t h e e x t r e m e l y s h o r t b u i l d i n g s e a s o n . May 2 8 , 1987.

The f i r s t and second b u i l d i n g s of t h e U n i v e r s i t y of Oregon . Deady H a l l i s s i m p l i f i e d I t a l i a n a t e i n d e s i g n w i t h man-s a r d e d main roof and t o w e r s . V i l l a r d H a l l h a s Second Empire t o u c h e s , and i s one of t h e few s u r v i v i n g academic b u i l d i n g s of i t s e r a in t h e Westen U . S . May 5, 1977 .

O l d e s t c o n t i n u o u s l y o p e r a t e d sa lmon c a n n e r y i n t h e n a t i o n , e s t a b l i s h e d when A s t o r i a was t h e "sa lmon c a p i t a l " ( 1 8 7 6 -8 7 . ) November 1 3 , 1966.

FORT ASTORIA 15th and Exchange Streets Astoria, Clatsop County 1812

Erected by fur trader John Jacob Astor in an effort to break the British monopoly. Its establishment represented an important .American claim to the Oregon Territory. November 5, 1961.

210

Oregon

FORT ROCK CAVE Fort Rock vicinity, Lake County 7000 EC

JACKSONVILLE HISTORIC DISTRICT Jacksonville, Jackson County 1852-84

LOWER KLAMATH NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

Si te where the "Fort Rock sanda l s , " o ld e s t manufactured a r t i c l e s found in the Western Hemisphere, were discovered. They demonstrate an e a r l y knowledge of weaving by American Indians . January 20, 1961.

A mid-19th-century inland commercial town, s i g n i f i c a n t for i t s magnificent group of surviving unal tered commercial and r e s i d e n t i a l bu i ld ings . Was the p r i n c ipa l f inanc ia l center of southern Oregon u n t i l bypassed by the r a i l r o a d . November 13, 1966.

See entry under California listings.

OREGON CAVES CHATEAU Oregon Caves National Monument Josephine County 1934-presentr Gust Liam

PIONEER CrjURTHOUSE 555 S.W. Yamhill Street Portland, Multnomah County 1869-75; Alfred B. Mullett

Significant because of the creative use of an extremely limited site spanning a gorge, its style and shaqgy bark finish, and the high integrity the building, its furnishings, and site have retained. Site also has stone retaining walls, fishponds, waterfalls, and walkways, all adding to its rustic intimacy. May 28, 1987.

Formerly the U.S. Courthouse, Customhouse, and Post Office, it is the oldest standing Federal building in the Northwest. Restored in the early 1970s. May 5, 1977.

PORTLAND CTJURTHOUSE See PIONEER roURTHOUSE

SKIDMORE/OLD TOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT Burnside Street to the Willamette

River Portland, Multnomah County Late 19th century

TIMBERLINE LODGE Clackamas County 1935-38; W. I. Turner, Howard Griffin, Dean Wright, Linn A. Forrest, and Ward Ganno, with interiors by Margaret Hoffman Smith

This large commercial district includes buildings in a variety of High Victorian architectural styles, with a large number of cast-iron fronts, making up one of the most impressive historic commercial districts on the West Coast. May 5, 1977.

The finest example of 1930s WPA "mountain architecture," dedicated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937. (Located in Mt. Hood National Forest.) December 22, 1977.

211

Oregon

U.S. COURTHOUSE

UNIVERSITY OF OREGON, DEADY AND VILLARD HALLS

VILLARD HALL

See PIONEER COURTHOUSE

See DEADY AND VILLARD HALLS

See DEADY AND VILLARD HALLS

212

PAIAU, REPUBLIC OF (1)

PELELIU" BATTLEFIELD Peleliu Island Palau Islands Peleliu State 1944

Scene of the most protracted battle of World War II in the Central Pacific. Here, Japanese forces arranged their defenses in depth, in contrast to earlier battles, and inflicted heavy casualties on American invaders. The capture of Peleliu by Americans brought to a close their Central Pacific drive toward the Philippines and marked a new phase of the Pacific war. February 4, 1985.

213

PENNSYLVANIA (116)

ACADEMY OF MUSIC Broad and Locust Streets Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1857; Napoleon Le Brun and Gustav Runge

Country's oldest musical auditorium retaining its original form and serving its original purpose. Home of the Philadelphia Orchestra. Le Brun was influenced by European opera houses, and designed an auditorium famed for its acoustical properties. December 29, 1962.

ACHESON (EDWARD G.) HOUSE 908 Main S t r ee t Monongahela, Washington County 1870s

ALLEGHENY COUNTY COURTHOUSE AND JAIL

5th , Grant, Ross, and Diamond S t r e e t s

P i t t sbu rgh , Allegheny County 1884-88; H. H. Richardson

Acheson's home and a l so the s i t e where in 1891 he invented carborundum, a t the time the hardest known a r t i f i c i a l subs t ance , widely used in industry since i t s invent ion . May 11, 1976

One of the a r c h i t e c t ' s l a s t works in the Romanesque Revival s t y l e , i t i s considered one of h i s outstanding works. May 11, 1976.

ALLEGHENY PORTAGE RAIUIOAD OF THE PENNSYLVANIA CANAL

U.S. 22 Blair and Cambria Counties 1831-34

Built to carry canal boats over a mountain divide between eastern and western divisions of the Pennsylvania Canal. The Canao was the main Pennsylvania transportation line west for over two decades, until the railroad made it obsolete. December 29, 1962. (Now Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site.)

AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY HALL Independence Square Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1789; Samuel Vaughan

ANDALUSIA (Nicholas Biddle Estate) 1.4 miles north of Philadelphia on State Road

Bucks County 1794; 1834, Thomas U. Walter

Houses the oldest learned society in the United States. The Society publishes the oldest scholarly journal in America, its Transactions. January 12, 1965.

Residence of Nicholas Biddle, head of the Second Bank of the United States, famous as President Jackson's opponent in a struggle over rechartering the Bank. To the original house, whose north front is an outstanding example of the Regency style in the U.S., he added a wing modeled on a Greek temple. November 13, 1966.

ATHENAEUM 219 S. 6th Street Philadelphia 1845-47; John Notman

One of the f i r s t I talian-style palazzo designs in America, this structure helped popularize that new style . December 8, 1976.

214

Pennsylvania

AUGUSTUS LUTHERAN CHURCH 7th Avenue East and Main Street Trappe, Montgomery County 1743

BARTRAM (JOHN) HOUSE 54th S t r e e t and Eastwick Avenue Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1731

BEGINNING POINT OF THE U.S. PUBLIC LAND SURVEY

Exemplifies regional and church a r c h i t e c ture typ ica l of the 18th-century German s e t t l e r s of Pennsylvania. December 24, 1967.

Residence of one of America's f i r s t nat ive b o t a n i s t s . The gardens, enlarged by h i s son, were f i l l e d with rare and exo t i c p l a n t s . October 9, 1960.

See en t ry under Ohio l i s t i n g s .

BELFIELD

BIDDLE ESTATE

See PEALE HOUSE

See ANDALUSIA

BOATHOUSE ROW 1-15 East River Drive Phi lade lphia , Phi ladelphia County 1860-date

BOMBERGER'S (Michter ' s ) DISTILLERY 7 miles southwest of Newmanstown

off Pennsylvania 501 Lebanon County c . 1840

BPADFORD (DAVID) HOUSE 175 S. Main S t r e e t Washington, Washington County 1788

BRANDYWINE BATTLEFIELD Chadds Ford, Delaware County 1777

Situated in Fairmount Park, the p r iva te boat and barge clubs and skat ing club were crea ted t o serve the r ec rea t iona l needs of Phi lade lphians . The c lubs ' parent o rgan iza t ion , the Schuykil l Navy, formed in 1858, i s the o ldes t amateur governing body in spor t s in the United S t a t e s . National and in t e rna t i ona l champions , including many Olympic p a r t i c i pants and winners, have come from these c lubs . Included are the o ldes t cont inuously e x i s t i n g c lub in the United S t a t e s and the o ldes t women's c lub . February 27, 1987.

The n a t i o n ' s o ldes t d i s t i l l e r y , Bamberger's represen ts the transformat ion of whiskey d i s t i l l i n g from an a g r i c u l t u r a l e n t e r p r i s e in to a l a rge - sca le indus t ry . January 16, 1980.

David Bradford, the most prominent leader of the r ebe l s in the Whiskey Rebellion (1794), was a lawyer in Washington, where he b u i l t t h i s well-decorated 2-1 /2-s tory stone home. After the suppression of the Rebel l ion, Bradford fled the United S t a t e s . His house i s a museum owned by the Commonwelathwealth of Pennsylvania. July 28, 1983.

Revolutionary War b a t t l e f i e l d where General Howe defeated Washington's t roops , p r e c i p i t a t i n g the B r i t i s h capture of Ph i lade lph ia . (Now Brandywine B a t t l e f i e ld Park.) January 20, 1961.

215

Pennsylvania

BUCHANAN (JAMES) HOUSE (Wheatland)

1120 Marie t ta Avenue Lancaster , Lancaster County 1828

Seventeen-room brick house, the r e s i dence of Buchanan, from 1848 u n t i l h i s death in 1868, before and a f t e r h i s term as P res iden t . July 4, 1961.

BUCK (PEARL S.) HOUSE (Green H i l l s Farm)

Southwest of Dublin on Dublin Road

Bucks County 1835

BUSHY RUN BATTLEFIELD 2 miles east of Harrison City on Pennsylvania 993

Westmoreland County 1763

CAMERON (SIMON) HOUSE 219 S. Front Street Harrisburg, Dauphin County 1764-66, c. 1863 (enlarged)

CARLISLE INDIAN SCHOOL East edge of Carlisle on U.S. 11 Cumberland County 1879-1918

CARPENTERS' HALL 320 Chestnut S t r e e t Phi lade lphia , Phi ladelphia County 1770-71; Robert Smith

Noted American nove l i s t Pear l Buck, the only American woman to win the Nobel for l i t e r a t u r e (1938), purchased t h i s farm in 1933 with r o y a l t i e s from her novel the Good Ear th . I t remained her p r i nc ipa l residence u n t i l her death in 1973. January 16, 1980.

S i te of a dec is ive B r i t i s h v i c to ry during "Pon t iac ' s Rebel l ion ," the best -organized 18th-century campaign by Native Americans aga ins t Anglo-American f r o n t i e r s e t t l e -meets. October 9, 1960.

Residence, from 1863 u n t i l h i s death in 1889, of the master "spoilsman," who b u i l t the partronage system in Pennsylvania and i n s t a l l e d the ant i - reform "Stalwarts" as the dominant fac t ion in in the S ta te Republican pa r ty . He served as U.S. Senator , Secre tary of War under Lincoln and Minister to Russia. May 15, 1975.

Founded by a Civ i l War o f f i c e r , the school pioneered in Federal programs for Indian educat ion, and was a model for s imi la r schools b u i l t e lsewhere . July 4 , 1961.

Designed and constructed as a gu i ld h a l l for the Carpenters ' Company of Ph i l ade l ph ia . The F i r s t Continental Congress ne t here in 1774. Apri l 15, 1970.

CEDARCROFT (Bayard Taylor House) North of Kennett Square Chester County 1859

Taylor, a Civ i l War correspondent and highly regarded n o v e l i s t , did much of h i s wr i t ing in t h i s house, which he b u i l t himself. November 11 , 1971.

CHEW HOUSE See CLIVEDEN

CHRIST CHURCH 2nd Street, between Market and

Filbert Streets Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1727-54

Present ornate Georgian structure, used by a congregation organized in 1695, is the third building on the s i t e . I t s most striking exterior features are a Palladian window and Doric entablature. April 15, 1970.

216

Pennsylvania

CHURCH OF SAINT JAMES-THE-LESS Hunting Park Avenue a t C lea r f i e ld

S t r e e t Phi lade lphia , Phi ladelphia County 1846-50; G.G. Place

CITY HALL (PHILADELPHIA)

The f i r s t example of the pure English Parish church s t y l e in America, and one of the best examples of a 19th-century American Gothic church for i t s coherence and a u t h e n t i c i t y of des ign. I t s i n f l u ence on the major a r c h i t e c t s of the Gothic Revival in the U.S. was profound. February 4, 1985

See PHILADELPHIA CITY HALL

CLIVEDEN (Chew House) Germantown Avenue, between Johnson and Cliveden Streets

Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1763

Georgian-style house with handsome pediments, cornices, and a fine doorway. Most important surviving landmark of the 1777 Revolutionary War battle of German-town which, combined with the American victory at Saratoga in the same month, helped to secure the alliance of the United States with France. January 20, 1961.

CLYMER HOUSE See SUMMERSEAT

CriLONIAL GERM7VNTOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT

Germantown Avenue, between Windrim Avenue and Upsal S t r e e t

Ph i lade lph ia , Phi ladelphia County 18th-ear ly 19th cen tu r i e s

COPE (EDWARD D.) HOUSE 2102 Pine Street Philadelphia, Philadelphia County c . 1880

Founded in 1683 by Germans f leeing r e l i gious persecut ion who were invi ted t o Pennsylvania by William Penn. Exemplif i e s the successful se t t lement of a non-B r i t i s h group in one of the t h i r t e e n o r i g i n a l B r i t i s h co lon ies . June 23, 1965.

Hone of one of America's most p r o l i f i c and c rea t ive 19th-century geo log i s t s and p a l e o n t o l o g i s t s . May 15, 1975.

CORNWALL IRON FURNACE Cornwall, Lebanon County 1742

An example of the charcoal furnaces which produced most of America's i ron u n t i l 1865. Cornwall made pig iron from 1742 to 1883. November 3, 1966.

DAVID (LEWIS) RESIDENCE See GEMEINHAUS-DE SCHWEINITZ RESIDENCE

DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL (also in New York)

Wayne County 1828

Pr inc ipa l waterway connecting the coa l f i e l d s of Pennsylvania with the furnaces of New York. The growth of r a i l r o a d s led to the c a n a l ' s demise in 1899. November 28, 1968.

DELAWARE CANAL P a r a l l e l s Delaware River from

Easton to B r i s t o l Northampton and Bucks Counties 1827

Approximately 60 miles of o r i g i n a l canal t h a t exemplify the canal -bui ld ing e r a in the h i s t o r y of American t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . December 8, 1976.

217

Pennsylvania

DICKINSON COLLEGE, OLD WEST See OLD WEST ...

DRAKE OIL WELL 3 miles southeast of Titusville on Pennsylvania 36

Venango County 1859

Si te of the world's f i r s t successful o i l we l l . I t s establishment resulted in an o i l boom that made the region the o i l center of the U.S. for 25 years. (Now the Drake Well Memorial State Park.) November 13, 1966.

DUDLEY (CHARLES B.) HOUSE 802 Lexington Avenue Altoona, Blair County 1880s

EAKINS (THOMAS) HOUSE 1729 Mount Vernon Place Philadelphia, Philadelphia County c. 1854

Home of the Yale-trained chemist who in 1875 became the first scientist employed by industry, marking a major innovation in industrial research and development. May 11, 1976.

Eakins, one of America's greatest painters, lived in this house from the age of two until his death in 1916. December 21, 1965.

EAST BROAD TOP RAILROAD U.S. 522 Rockhill Furnace, Huntingdon County 1872

One of the few narrow-gauge railroads still in operation, originally used to transport coal. January 28, 1964.

EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY 21st Street and Fairmount Avenue Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1823-29; John Haviland

EISENHOWER (DWIGHT D.) FARMSTEAD Gettysburg v i c i n i t y Adams County 1950s; redesigned by George S. Brock

Designed with improvements in l i g h t , heat, space, and vent i la t ion , in an e f for t to make the prison an instrument of reform rather than punishment. June 23, 1965.

Served the 34th President of the United States as a retreat during h i s President i a l years and as his principal residence during retirement. May 23, 1966. (Now in the National Park System as the Eisenhower National Historic S i t e . )

ELFRETH'S ALLEY HISTORIC DISTRICT Between 2nd and Front Streets Philadelphia 17th-18th centuries

EPHRATA CLOISTER Ephrata, Lancaster County 1740-46

Oldest unchanged and continuously inhabited s t ree t in Philadelphia. Example of the survival of a part of colonial America's largest c i t y . October 9, 1960.

Group of buildings showing a strong German architectural influence. Part of a s e l f - s u f f i c i e n t community founded by a German P i e t i s t mystic in 1732. December 24, 1967.

218

Pennsylvania

ESPY (DAVID) HOUSE (Gen. A r t h u r S t . C l a i r O f f i c e ; W a s h i n g t o n ' s H e a d q u a r t e r s )

123 P i t t S t r e e t Bedford , Bedford County 1770-71

FAIRJC1UNT WATER WORKS Eas t bank of t h e S c h u y l k i l l R i v e r ,

n e a r t h e P h i l a d e l p h i a A r t Museum P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a County 1812-22; F r e d e r i c k Gra f f

FALLINGWATER West of P e n n s y l v a n i a 381 M i l l Run, F a y e t t e County 1936, 1939; F rank Lloyd W r i g h t

FIRST BANK OF THE UNITED STATES 116 Sou th T h i r d S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a County 1797; Samuel B l o d g e t t

At t h e t ime of t h e Whiskey R e b e l l i o n ( 1 7 9 4 ) , t h i s 2 - 1 / 2 - s t o r y f i e l d s t o n e home was owned by a l o c a l o f f i c i a l , David Espy . Espy made i t a v a i l a b l e f o r t h e t e m p o r a r y u s e of P r e s i d e n t W a s h i n g t o n , who had accompanied t h e m i l i t i a army t h a t l a t e r s u p p r e s s e d t h e r e b e l s . T h i s s t r u c t u r e i s a l s o t h e o n l y e x t a n t p r o p e r t y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h R e v o l u t i o n a r y War (and U . S . Army) Gen. A r t h u r S t . C l a i r . J u l y 2 8 , 1 9 8 3 .

The f i r s t m u n i c i p a l w a t e r works t o u s e p a d d l e w h e e l s t o pump w a t e r and t h e f i r s t t o r e p l a c e them w i t h t u r b i n e e n g i n e s . The s c u l p t u r e of W i l l i a m Rush e n h a n c e s t h e a r c h i t e c t u r a l l y d i s t i n g u i s h e d b u i l d i n g s . May 1 1 , 1976.

Somet imes c a l l e d " t h e most famous modern h o u s e , " i t i s one of t h e a r c h i t e c t ' s m a s t e r w o r k s . May 1 1 , 1976 .

The p r o p o s a l t o c h a r t e r t h i s i n s t i t u t i o n p rovoked t h e f i r s t g r e a t d e b a t e o v e r s t r i c t a s opposed t o e x p a n s i v e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n . The C o n g r e s s and P r e s i d e n t W a s h i n g t o n , by f o l l o w i n g A l e x a n d e r H a m i l t o n ' s p r o p o s a l and c h a r t e r i n g t h e b a n k , t ook t h e n e c e s s a r y f i r s t s t e p s toward imp lemen t ing a sound n a t i o n a l f i s c a l p o l i c y . May 4 , 1987 . ( I n c l u d e d i n Independence N a t i o n a l H i s t o r i c a l P a r k . )

FCNTHILL, MERCER MUSEUM, AND I01AVIAN POTTERY AND TILE WORKS

Cour t S t r e e t and Swamp Road; P i n e and Ash land S t r e e t s

Doy les town , Bucks County 1 9 0 7 - 1 6 ; Henry C. Merce r

FORKS OF THE OHIO P i t t s b u r g h , A l l e g h e n y County 1 8 t h - 1 9 t h c e n t u r i e s

Three s i t e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h Henry Chapman M e r c e r , a n t i q u a r i a n , d e s i g n e r of A r t s - a n d - C r a f t s c e r a m i c s , and a v i s i o n a r y a r c h i t e c t who was one of t h e f i r s t d e s i g n e r s t o work w i t h r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e a s a b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l . F e b r u a r y 4 , 1985 .

The j u n c t i o n of t h e A l l e g h e n y and Monon-g a h e l a R i v e r s and s t r a t e g i c key t o t h e Ohio V a l l e y . The F rench e r e c t e d F o r t Duquesne h e r e i n 1754. The B r i t i s h r e p l a c e d i t w i t h F o r t P i t t i n 1758 . The s p o t now forms P o i n t P a r k , and t h e s i t e F t . P i t t h a s been e x c a v a t e d . O c t o b e r 9 , 1960 .

219

Pennsylvania

FORT DUQUESNE

FORT MIFFLIN Marina and Penrose Ferry Roads Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1772-75, 1798

FORT PITT

See FORKS OF THE OHIO

Occupied by a Colonial force during the Revolution. Rebuilt in 1798 according to plans drawn by Pierre L1Enfant, designer of the plan of Washington, D.C. August 29, 1970.

See FORKS OF THE OHIO

FOUNDER'S HALL, GIRARD COLLEGE Corinthian and Girard Avenues Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1833-47; Thomas U. Walter

FRIENDSHIP HILL

An outstanding example of philanthropic support for education in the U.S. Wealthy merchant Stephen Girard bequeathed $6 million to Philadelphia in 1831, for the founding of an educational institution to be operated by the city. Also one of the finest late Greek-Revival buildings in America. August 4, 1969

See GALLATIN HOUSE

FULTON (ROBERT) BIRTHPLACE 8 miles south of Quarryville on

U.S. 222 Lancaster County c. 1765

Fulton worked on the development of canal systems, and designed the first successful American steamboat, the Clermont, launched in 1807. January 29, 1964.

FULTON OPERA HOUSE 12-14 N. Prince Street Lancaster, Lancaster County 1852; Samuel Sloan

FURNESS LIBRARY, SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

34th Street below Walnut Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1888; Frank Furness

GALLATIN (ALBERT) HOUSE (Friendship Hill)

3 miles north of Point Marion on Pennsylvania 166

Fayette County 1789

Early Vic tor ian s t r u c t u r e b u i l t t o serve severa l c i v i c purposes. Named in honor of Robert Fulton, co- inventor of the steamboat and a nat ive of the county. January 29, 1964.

A major work by an important l a t e - 1 9 t h -century a r c h i t e c t , the red-br ick Gothic s t y l e s t r u c t u r e has Romanesque elements and d i s t i n c t i v e , monumental f o l i a t e d e t a i l i n g . One of the l a s t Ruskinian Victor ian bu i ld ings , an uncompromising funct ional masterpiece. February 4, 1985.

Ga l l a t in served in the U.S. House (1795-1801) and as Secre tary of the Treasury (1802-14). This was h i s permanent r e s idence during h i s years of government s e rv i ce . January 12, 1965. (Became the Friendship Hi l l National Hi s to r i c S i t e in 1978.)

GEMEINHAUS-DE SCHWEINITZ (LEWIS DAVID) RESIDENCE

W. Church S t r ee t Bethlehem, Northampton County 1733

Bir thplace and l a t e r long-time home of a Moravian min i s t e r and n a t u r a l i s t who in the e a r l y 19th century made s i g n i f i cant con t r ibu t ions to botany. May 15, 1975.

220

Pennsylvania

CERMANTCWN (Manheim) CRICKET CLUB 5140 Morris S t r e e t Phi ladelphia , Phi ladelphia County 1890-91, 1902, 1907; Charles Folen

McKim

GIRARD COLLEGE, FOUNDER'S HALL

GRAEME PARK Keith Valley Road Horsham v i c i n i t y , Montgomery County 1721-22

GREEN HILLS FARMS

GREY TOWERS (Gifford Pinchot House)

GREY TOWERS (William Welsh Harrison House)

Easton Road and Limekiln Pike Glenside, Montgomery County 1893; Horace Trumbauer

GRUBER WAGON WORKS On Red Covered Bridge Road v i c i n i t y of Reading Berks County 1882

HARMONY HISTORIC DISTRICT Pennsylvania 68 Harmony, But ler County 1805-14

HARPER (FRANCES ELLEN WATKINS) HOUSE

1006 Bainbridge S t r ee t Ph i lade lph ia , Phi lade lphia County Date unknown

Founded in 1855, the second o ldes t c r i cke t club in the United S t a t e s . I t s pa r t in the spor t of c r i c k e t was of i n t e rna t i ona l rank in the 19th century . Early in the 20th cen tury , t enn i s gained prominence over c r i c k e t a t the c lub . The most noted member was William T. ("Big B i l l " ) Ti lden, an i n t e rna t i ona l t enn i s s t a r of the 1920s. February 27, 1987.

See FOUNDER'S HALL

An example of a 1-roora deep, 2-1 /2-s tory co lon ia l bui lding with r i ch Georgian i n t e r i o r s . Bu i l t as a malt house. October 9, 1960.

See BUCK HOUSE

See PI14CHOT HOUSE

An American " c a s t l e " tha t t y p i f i e s the a r c h i t e c t u r a l complexes b u i l t for famil i e s of g rea t wealth a t the turn of the century , symbolizing t h e i r soc ia l a s p i r a t i o n s . F i r s t major commission of Horace Trumbauer, a successful a r c h i t e c t of European-revival s t y l e s . Today i t i s Beaver College. February 4, 1985.

The family-owned Gruber Wagon Works produced both standard farm wagons and custom vehic les from 1882 to the 1950s. I t s fu l ly preserved machinery, t o o l s , and ma te r i a l s make the works an outstanding example of what was once an e s s e n t i a l American indus t ry . In Tulpehocken Creek Park. December 22, 1977.

The Harmony Socie ty , 300 followers of George Rapp, e s t ab l i shed a Utopian se t t lement here in 1805. I t developed in to a prosperous a g r i c u l t u r a l and manufactur ing community, which was sold when the Society decided to move to Indiana in search of more f e r t i l e land. May 30, 1974.

Home (1870-1911) of a Black w r i t e r and soc ia l a c t i v i s t who p a r t i c i p a t e d in the a b o l i t i o n i s t , Black r i g h t s , women's suffrage, and temperance movements. December 8, 1976.

221

Pennsylvania

HARRISBURG STATION AND TRAINSHED Aberdeen S t r e e t Harr isburg, Dauphin County 1885-87

The Harrisburg t ra inshed i s one of the e a r l i e s t ex tan t examples of the Fink roof t r u s s , a form of major s igni f icance in the h i s t o r y of American i n d u s t r i a l bu i ld ing . December 8, 1976.

HERSHEY (MILTON S.) MANSION Mansion Road Hershey, Dauphin County 1906-08; Henry N. Herr

HILL-KEITH-PHYSICK HOUSE 321 S. 4th S t r e e t Ph i lade lph ia , Phi lade lphia County 1786

HONEY HOIJJOW WATERSHED 2.5 miles south of the Delaware River on Pennsylvania 263

New Hope vicinity, Bucks County 1939

The residence, from 1908 to 1945, of Milton S. Hershey, originator of the "Hershey Bar." During that period his company became the world's largest manufacturer of chocolate. May 4, 1983.

Home of Philip Syng Physick, late 18th-and early 19th-century Philadelphia physician who has been called the "father of American surgery." Physick lived here from about 1815 until his death in 1837. January 7, 1976.

First small watershed development in the country. Undertaken on privately owned farmland to promote soil, water, and wildlife conservation. August 4, 1969.

HORSESHOE CURVE 5 miles west of Altoona on Pennsylvania 193

Blair County 1854

A notable example of unusual railroad engineering construction. Joined the eastern and western divisions of the Pennsylvania Railroad. November 13, 1966.

INSTITUTE OF THE PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL

111 N. 49th Street Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1859

Hospital for the mentally ill, operated on the premise that insanity should be treated as an illness. Influenced similar institutions throughout America. June 23, 1965.

INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA (INA) BUILDING

1600 Arch Street Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1925

Home of the oldest capital stock insurance company in America. INA pioneered many forms of insurance, in particular marine underwriting. June 2, 1978.

KENNYWOOD PARK 4800 Kennywood Boulevard West Mif f l in , Allegheny County 1898-99; George S. Davidson

The bes t preserved survivor of the " t r o l l e y park" e r a when s t r e e t railway companies b u i l t suburban amusement parks l inked to center c i t i e s by t r o l l e y . Has been ca l led the "Rol ler Coaster Capi ta l of the world" and "America's g r e a t e s t t r a d i t i o n a l amusement park ." Retains r a r e , excep t iona l , and highly represen ta t ive h i s t o r i c amusements. February 27, 1987.

222

Pennsylvania

LOGAN (JAMES) HOME (Stenton) 18th and Courtland Streets Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1730

MANHEIM CRICKET CLUB

Logan, builder of this house, was Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court (1731-39) and a serious botanist. He lived here from 1730 until his death in 1751. January 12, 1965.

See GERMANTOWN CRICKET CLUB

MEMORIAL HALL W. Fairmount Park Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1876; Herman Schwartzmann

The only large building remaining from the 1876 Centennial Exposition. December 8, 1976.

MERCER MUSEUM See FOOTHILL ...

MERION CRICKET CLUB Montgomery Avenue and Grays Lane Haverford, Montgomery County 1896-97; Frank Furness

MICHTER'S DISTILLERY

MORAVIAN POTTERY AND TILE WORKS

MOTHER BETHEL A.M.E. CHURCH

419 6th Street Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1889

MCIUNT PLEASANT E a s t F a i r m o u n t Park P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a County 1761-62

One of a h a n d f u l of U . S . p r o p e r t i e s t h a t i l l u s t r a t e t h e h i s t o r y of c r i c k e t , which was a ma jo r s p o r t i n t h e 19 th c e n t u r y , c o n t e n d i n g w i t h b a s e b a l l f o r s u p r e m a c y . A f t e r 1900 , t h e members assumed a v i g o r o u s r o l e i n lawn t e n n i s . A work of one of P h i l a d e l p h i a ' s p r e m i e r V i c t o r i a n - e r a a r c h i t e c t F rank F u r n e s s . F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 .

See BOMBERGER'S DISTILLERY

See FOOTHILL . . .

The p r e d e c e s s o r s t r u c t u r e of t h i s c h u r c h , founded by a fo rmer s l a v e i n 1793 , became t h e m o t h e r c h u r c h of t h e A f r i c a n Method i s t E p i s c o p a l (A.M.E.) Church i n Amer i ca . May 3 0 , 1974 .

One of t h e f i n e s t e x a m p l e s of l a t e G e o r g i a n d o m e s t i c a r c h i t e c t u r e i n t h e Middle C o l o n i e s . C o n t a i n s a c e n t r a l h a l l w a y w i t h f l a n k i n g rooms r i c h i n i n t e r i o r d e c o r a t i o n s . (Now w i t h i n Fa i rmoun t P a r k ) . O c t o b e r 9 , 1960.

MUSICAL FUND SOCIETY HALL 808 L o c u s t S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a County 1824, W i l l i a m S t r i c k l a n d ;

1847 , N i c h o l a s Le Brun; 1 8 9 1 , Add i son H u t t o n

E r e c t e d t o house t h e M u s i c a l Fund S o c i e t y ; now t h e o l d e s t mus ic h a l l i n t h e c o u n t r y . F i r s t R e p u b l i c a n N a t i o n a l C o n v e n t i o n h e l d h e r e in 1856. May 3 0 , 1974 .

NATIONAL ROAD, SEARIGHTS TOLLHOUSE

NEVILLE (JOHN) HOUSE

See SEARIGHTS TOIXHOUSE

See WCODVTLLE

223

Pennsylvania

NEW MARKET S. 2nd Street, between Pine and

Lombard Streets Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1745

OAKMONT COUNTRY CLUB Hulton Road Oakmont Borough, Plum Borough Allegheny County 1903; Henry C. Fownes (golf course)

OLD ECC1NCMY Pennsylvania 65 Ambridge, Beaver County 1825-1905

OLD WEST, DICKINSON COLLEGE Carlisle, Cumberland County 1804-22; Benjamin H. Latrobe

An 18th-century street market, used well into the 19th century. Two rows of brick pillars support a gable roof and arched ceiling over an open market area. November 13, 1966.

Noted for its nationally significant golf course. The oldest top-ranked course in the United States. Its original layout is virtually intact and still in use for club and tournament play. Generally considered to be among the most difficult golf courses in the world, it has hosted 13 major national championships and six U.S Opens. June 30, 1987.

Settled by members of the Harmony Society. Primarily an industrial community, it was one of the most successful of the Utopian communities. June 23, 1965.

Old West is at the heart of the college founded by Dr. Benjamin Rush with the support of Thomas Jefferson. June 13, 1962.

PACKER (ASA) MANSION Packer Road Jim Thorpe, Carbon County

PEALE (CHARLES WILLSON) HOUSE (Belfield)

2100 Clarkson Avenue Philadelphia, Philadelphia County c. 1750

One of the most perfectly preserved mid-19th-century Italian villas in America, with original furniture, chandeliers, and silver. Commissioned by Asa Packer, a coal and railroad magnate. February 4, 1985.

Peale, noted for his portraits of George Washington and other Revolutionary figures, lived here from 1810 to 1820. December 21, 1965.

PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTS Broad and Cherry Streets Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1871-76; Frank Furness and George Hewitt

The best-preserved of Furness' exuberant Victorian structures, and one of the outstanding Art Schools and Museums in America. May 15, 1975.

PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL, THE 8th and Spruce Streets Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1756; Samuel Rhoads

Oldest hospital in the United States. Established with the support of Benjamin Franklin in 1752. June 22, 1965.

PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL, INSTITUTE OF THE

See ItCTITUTE ...

224

Pennsylvania

PHILADELPHIA CITY HALL Penn Square, a t Broad and Market

S t r e e t s Ph i lade lph ia , Phi ladelphia County 1871-81; John McArthur, J r . , and

Thomas U. Walter

Largest and most elaborate city hall in America. Derived in style from Paris' New Louvre. The sculpture is by Alexander Milne Calder and his assistants. December 8, 1976.

PHILADELPHIA CCNTRIBUTIONSHIP 212 S. 4th Street Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1835; Thomas U. Walter

In 1752 Benjamin Franklin helped organize the Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire, the first fire insurance company in the United States and a pioneer institution in the development of the insurance business. December 22, 1977.

PHILADELPHIA SAVINGS FUND SOCIETY (PSFS) BUILDING

12 S. 12th Street Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1932; George Howe and William Lescaze

PHILADELPHIA'S MASONIC TEMPLE 1 North Broad S t r e e t Ph i lade lph ia , Phi ladelphia County 1873; James Windrim

PINCHOT (GIFFORD) HOUSE (Grey Towers)

West edge of Milford Pike County c . 1886; Richard Morris Hunt

POE (EDGAR ALLAN) HOUSE 532 N. 7th S t r e e t Ph i lade lph ia , Phi ladelphia County c . 1835

The most important skyscraper b u i l t in America between the Chicago School and the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Style of the 1950s. Careful ly executed, i t r epresen t s an American syn thes i s of European Moderni s t a r c h i t e c t u r a l t h e o r i e s . December 8, 1976.

A Ntorman-Ranvaresque s t y l e bui lding with some of the most beau t i fu l l y d e t a i l e d , ornate i n t e r i o r s of any l a t e -Vic to r i an s t r u c t u r e in the na t ion . February 4, 1985

Family home of Pinchot , America's f i r s t p ro fess iona l ly t ra ined f o r e s t e r . He occupied t h i s cha teau- l ike stone house u n t i l h i s death in 1946. He helped c rea te the U.S. Forest Serv ice . May 23, 1963.

Pee wrote some of h i s best-known shor t s t o r i e s in t h i s small br ick co t t age , h i s heme in 1842-44. December 29, 1962. (Became the Edgar Allan Pee National Hi s to r i c S i t e in 1978.)

POTTS (ISAAC) HOUSE See WASHINGTON'S HFADCOARTERS

POWDERLY (TERENCE V.) HOUSE 614 N. Main S t r e e t Scranton, Lackawanna County 187US-90-S

Powderly was the head, from 1879 t o 1893, of the Knights of Labor, an ea r ly nat ional labor organizat ion tha t f l ou r ished under h i s leadership for a time but whose membership had decl ined by about 1890. May 23, 1966.

225

Pennsylvania

PRIESTLEY (JOSEPH) HOUSE Priestley Avenue Northumberland Northumberland County c. 1794

PRINTZHOF, THE Taylor Avenue and 2nd Street Essington, Delaware County c. 1643

Priestley's research in chemistry enabled him to identify oxygen in 1776 and carbon monoxide in 1794. One wing of this frame house was his laboratory. January 12, 1965.

The colony of New Sweden, ruled by Governor Johan Printz, was the first permanent European settlement in what later became Pennsylvania. Excavations have uncovered the foundation of Printz' house. November 5, 1961.

PSFS BUILDING Seje PHILADELPHIA SAVINGS FUND SOCIETY BUILDING

PUBLIC LAND SURVEY, BEGINNING POINT OF THE

See BEGINNING POINT . . .

QUAY (MATTHEWS.) HOUSE 205 C o l l e g e Avenue B e a v e r , B e a v e r County c . 1865

READING TERMINAL AND TRAINSHED 1115-1141 Marke t S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a County 1 8 9 1 - 9 3 ; J o s e p h M. Wi lson

REYNTOLLB-MORRIS HOUSE 225 S. 8 t h S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a County 1786-87

ST. CLAIR (GEN. ARjTHJUR) OFFICE

ST. J.AMES-THE-LESS CHURCH

'The r e s i d e n c e , from 1874 u n t i l h i s d e a t h i n 1904, of U . S . S e n a t o r Quay, p r o m i n e n t in R e p u b l i c a n machine p o l i t i c s . Republ i c a n N a t i o n a l Chairman i n 1888, he o r g a n i z e d and managed Benjamin H a r r i s o n ' s s u c c e s s f u l P r e s i d e n t i a l c ampa ign . May 15 , 1975 .

L a r g e s t s i n g l e - s p a n a r c h e d - r o o f t r a i n -shed i n t h e w o r l d . December 8 , 1976 .

One of t h e f i n e s t s u r v i v i n g e x a m p l e s of a G e o r g i a n P h i l a d e l p h i a row townhouse , an i m p o r t a n t r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of G e o r g i a n c i t y a r c h i t e c t u r e . An L - s h a p e d , 3 - 1 / 2 -s t o r y b r i c k b u i l d i n g . December 24 , 1 9 6 7 .

See ESPY HOUSE

See CHURCH OF SAINT J.AMES-THE-LESS

ST. MARK'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH 1625 L o c u s t S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a County 1 8 4 7 - 5 2 ; J o h n Notman

SEARIGHTS TOLLHOUSE, NATIONAL ROAD West of Uniontown n e a r U . S . 40 F a y e t t e County 1835

One of t h e f i n e s t example s of t h e a r c h -e o l o g i c a l p h a s e of t h e G o t h i c R e v i v a l s t y l e i n Amer ica , r e f l e c t i n g t h e i n f l u ence of t h e A n g l i c a n Reform movement ' s e m p h a s i s on c o r r e c t Medieva l d e s i g n . F e b r u a r y 4 , 1985 .

S i x t o l l h o u s e s were e r e c t e d by P e n n s y l v a n i a on i t s p o r t i o n of t h e N a t i o n a l Road. T h i s h e x a g o n a l b r i c k s t r u c t u r e i s one of two e x t a n t . J a n u a r y 2 9 , 1964.

226

Pennsylvania

SECOND BANK OF THE UNITED STATES 420 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1824-36; William Strickland

Associated with the "Bank War" of the 1830s between President Andrew Jackson and Congress. The chartering of the Second Bank reopened the debate over the constitutionality of the Bank, and the Supreme Court's decision in McCullough v. Maryland (1819). May 4, 1987. (Included in Independence National Historical Park.)

1704 HOUSE Dilworthtown v i c i n i t y Delaware County 1704

1762 WATERWORKS E a s t bank of Monocacy Creek B e t h l e h e m , Nor thampton County 1762; J o h a n n C. C h r i s t i a n s e n

E a r l y s t o n e h o u s e , b u i l t by a C h e s t e r County E n g l i s h Q u a k e r , r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of e a r l y manor h o u s e s i n t h e Delaware V a l l e y . December 2 4 , 1967 .

These w a t e r w o r k s a r e b e l i e v e d t o be t h e f i r s t m u n i c i p a l pumping s y s t e m t o p r o v i d e w a t e r f o r d r i n k i n g and wash ing i n t h e U . S . They s h a r e a r c h i t e c t u r a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of o t h e r 1 8 t h - c e n t u r y Germanic b u i l d i n g s i n B e t h l e h e m . May 2 9 , 1981

SMITHFIELD STREET BRIDGE S m i t h f i e l d S t r e e t a t t h e

Monongahela R i v e r P i t t s b u r g h , A l l e g h e n y County 1 8 8 3 - 8 9 ; G u s t a v L i n d e n t h a l

One of t h e f i r s t s t e e l t r u s s b r i d g e s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , t h e S m i t h f i e l d S t r e e t B r i d g e i s an i m p o r t a n t s t r u c t u r e i n t h e h i s t o r y of American c i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g . May 1 1 , 1976 .

STEtnON See I/3GAN HOME

STIEGEL-COLEMAN HOUSE P e n n s y l v a n i a 501 and U . S . 322 B r i c k e r v i l l e , L a n c a s t e r County 1 7 5 6 - 5 8 , c . 1780

P a r t of t h i s s t o n e house was b u i l t by W i l l i a m S t i e g e l and p a r t by R o b e r t Coleman, c o - o w n e r s of an i r o n f u r n a c e which m a n u f a c t u r e d war m a t e r i e l d u r i n g t h e R e v o l u t i o n . November 1 3 , 1966 .

SULLY (THOMAS) RESIDENCE 530 S p r u c e S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a County 1796

S u l l y , a p a i n t e r of h i s t o r i c a l s c e n e s and one of t h e bes t -known p o r t r a i t p a i n t e r s of h i s d a y , l i v e d b r i e f l y i n t h i s b r i c k rowhouse a r o u n d 1828 . December 2 1 , 1965 .

SUMMERSEAT Clymer S t r e e t and M o r r i s Avenue Morrisville, Bucks County c. 1770

TANNER (HENRY 0.) HOMESITE 2903 W. Diamond Street Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 19th century

Home, from 1806 until his death in 1813, of George Clymer, a signer of both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. July 17, 1971.

Boyhood home of the late 19th- and early 20th-century Black expatriate painter, whose work earned recognition in Europe and the United States. May 11, 1976.

227

Pennsylvania

TAYLOR (BAYARD) HOUSE See CEDARCROFT

TAYLOR (GEORGE) HOUSE Front Street Catasauqua, Lehigh County 1768

T a y l o r , i r o n m a s t e r , p o l i t i c i a n , and s i g n e r of t h e D e c l a r a t i o n of I n d e p e n d e n c e , l i v e d i n t h i s 2 - s t o r y s t o n e house from 1768 t o 1776 . J u l y 17 , 1 9 7 1 .

U . S . NAVAL ASYLUM Grays F e r r y Avenue a t 2 4 t h S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a County 1 8 2 7 - 3 3 , 1844 ( a d d i t i o n ) ; W i l l i a m

S t r i c k l a n d

U . S . PUBLIC LAND SURVEY, BEGINNING POINT OF THE

Greek R e v i v a l i n s t y l e , one of S t r i c k l a n d ' s f i n e s t w o r k s , o u t s t a n d i n g f o r i t s Greek R e v i v a l p o r t i c o which was i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o a u t i l i t a r i a n d e s i g n . The Asylum was d e s i g n e d t o p r o v i d e a home and h o s p i t a l f o r d i s a b l e d and d e s t i t u t e Naval o f f i c e r s and seamen. J a n u a r y 7 , 1976 .

See BEGINNING POINT . . .

USS BECUNA P e n n ' s Landing Delaware Ave . and S p r u c e S t . P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a County 1944

USS OLYMPIA P i e r 4 0 , a t t h e f o o t of C h e s t n u t

S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a County 1888

An example of s t a n d a r d F l e e t t y p e B a l a o c l a s s s u b m a r i n e s . They c o u l d o p e r a t e a t a t e s t d e p t h of 400 f e e t . The Becuna , c r e d i t e d w i t h s i n k i n g 3888 t o n s of J a p a n e s e s h i p p i n g , r e c e i v e d f o u r b a t t l e s t a r s f o r h e r World War I I s e r v i c e . J a n u a r y 14 , 1986 .

O l d e s t s t e e l - h u l l e d American w a r s h i p a f l o a t . S e r v e d a s Commodore Dewey 's f l a g s h i p i n t h e B a t t l e of Mani la Bay ( 1 8 9 8 ) . J a n u a r y 2 9 , 1964.

VALLEY FORGE N o r r i s t o w n v i c i n i t y C h e s t e r and Montgomery C o u n t i e s 1777-78

W a s h i n g t o n ' s army emerged from t h e b i t t e r V a l l e y Forge w i n t e r of 1777-78 s t r o n g e r and b e t t e r t r a i n e d , and f o u g h t a draw b a t t l e w i t h B r i t i s h and H e s s i a n R e g u l a r s a t Monmouth ( N . J . ) i n J u n e 1778. J a n u a r y 2 0 , 1 9 6 1 . (Became V a l l e y Forge N a t i o n a l H i s t o r i c a l Pa rk i n 1976 . )

VON STEUBEN (GENERAL FRIEDRICH) HFArxjUARTERS

P e n n s y l v a n i a 2 3 , C h e s t e r County 18 th c e n t u r y

Von S t e u b e n , P r u s s i a n s t a f f o f f i c e r and a i d e - d e - c a m p t o F r e d e r i c k t h e G r e a t , s e r v e d a s i n s p e c t o r g e n e r a l and d r i l l -m a s t e r of t h e C o n t i n e n t a l Army i n 1778 . He h e l p e d t o mold i t i n t o a v i a b l e m i l i t a r y f o r c e , w h i l e q u a r t e r e d i n t h i s b u i l d i n g from F e b r u a r y t o June 1778 . November 2 8 , 1972. ( I n c l u d e d i n V a l l e y Forge N a t i o n a l H i s t o r i c a l Pa rk s i n c e 1976 . )

228

Pennsylvania

WALNUT STREET THEATRE 9th and Walnut Streets Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1809; 1828 (remodeled), John Haviland

WA11AMAKER (JOHN) STORE Juniper and Market Streets Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1902-10; Daniel Burnham

WASHINCtTtJN CROSSING STATE PARK Between Yardley and New Hope, on the Delaware River

Yardley vicinity, Bucks County 1776

WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS (Isaac Potts House)

Valley Creek Road, near junction of Pennsylvania 252 and 23

Montgomery County 18th century

WAYNESBOPCUGH 2049 Waynesborough Road Paoli, Chester County 1724, 1735, 1792, 1860 (second floor)

WEISER (CCINRAD) HOUSE 2 miles east of Womelsdorf on U.S. 422

Berks County 1729, 1926 (restored)

One of the oldest surviving theaters in the United States, first used for circuses. Legitimate drama was presented here after 1811. December 29, 1962.

Home store of one of the major merchandising enterprises in retailing history, which contributed to the evolution of the department store. June 2, 1978.

Site of the embarkation of Washington's main force when it crossed the Delaware River to attack Trenton, New Jersey on Christmas eve 1776. January 1, 1961. (Also in New Jersey.)

Served as Washington's headquarters from December 1777 to June 1778. Small farmhouse with a plain early Georgian exterior and an elaborate late Georgian interior. November 28, 1972. (Included in Valley Forge National Historical Park since 1976.)

Original portion of house was built by Anthony Wayne, grandfather of General Anthony Wayne. The General was born here in 1745, and lived here until 1791. November 28, 1972.

Waiser promoted friendly relations between the Iroquois and the British, a decisive factor in Britain's victory in the French and Indian War. This rectangular stone farmhouse was his home from 1729 until his death in 1760. October 9, 1960.

WEST (BENJAMIN) BIRTHPLACE Swarthmore, Delaware County 1724

WHEATLAND

West made major contributions to American art through his support for young artists, such as Gilbert Stuart and Charles Willson Peale, as well as through his own painting. (Located on the Swarthmore College campus.) December 21, 1965.

See BUCHANAN (JAMES) HOUSE

229

Pennsylvania

WOODFORD E. Fai mount Park Philadelphia, Philadelphia County 1734, 1756

The f i r s t of the g r e a t , opulent , l a t e -Georgian mansions to be e rec ted in the Phi ladelphia a r ea . Bui l t by a wealthy merchant and judge. December 24, 1967.

WOODLANDS, THE 40th S t r e e t and Woodland Avenue Phi lade lphia , Phi ladelphia County c . 1770, William Hamilton;

1788 (remodeled)

Notable example of l a t e Georgian domest i c r e s i d e n t i a l a r c h i t e c t u r e . Pemodeled in the Adarresque s t y l e . December 24, 1967.

WCODVTLLE (John Nevil le House) On Pa. 50 south of Heidelburg Allegheny County 1785; John Nevil le

John Nev i l l e , as the revenue inspector who co l l ec t ed the Whiskey Tax, played a pa r t in the events tha t led t o the Whiskey Rebell ion (1794). This 1-1/2-s to ry frame house i s the surviving p ro per ty most c lose ly associa ted with him; the home in which he l ived a t the time of the Rebell ion was burned by the r e b e l s . Ju ly 28, 1983.

230

PUERTO RICO (1)

LA FORTALEZA Between San Juan Bay and

Cal le Recinto Oeste San Juan 1533-40, 1625-40, 1845-46 (remodeled

and enlarged)

The f i r s t defense of San Juan, was b u i l t by the Spanish t o p ro tec t agains t a t tack by French, English, and Dutch p i r a t e s . Largely burned by a Dutch force in 1625, i t was r e b u i l t and enlarged within 15 yea r s . I t has served as the residence of the i s l a n d ' s Governors for more than 400 yea r s . October 9, 1960. (Lis ted , along with San Juan National H i s to r i c S i t e , on the World Heritage L i s t , by the World Heritage Committee, on December 6, 1983.)

231

Rhode I s l a n d

RHODE ISLAND (33)

ALDRICH (NELSON W.) HOUSE 110 B e n e v o l e n t S t r e e t P r o v i d e n c e , P r o v i d e n c e County c . 1821-27

ARCADE 130 W e s t m i n s t e r S t r e e t and 65

Weybosse t S t r e e t P r o v i d e n c e , P r o v i d e n c e County 1 8 2 7 - 2 9 ; R u s s e l l Warren

ARNOLD (ELEAZER) HOUSE G r e a t Road L i n c o l n , P r o v i d e n c e County 1687

R e s i d e n c e (1878-1915) of t h e R e p u b l i c a n S e n a t e " b o s s " who m a i n t a i n e d v i r t u a l v e t o power o v e r l e q i s l a t i o n , p r e s s i n g h i s v iew t h a t b u s i n e s s and government s h o u l d comb i n e t o l e a d t h e c o u n t r y . December 8 , 1976 .

T h i s e l e q a n t Greek R e v i v a l commerc i a l s t r u c t u r e i m i t a t e s European b u s i n e s s a r c a d e s . A l s o an i m p o r t a n t example of e a r l y m o n o l i t h i c g r a n i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n . May 1 1 , 1976.

B u i l t i n two p a r t s , of framed t i m b e r and c l a p b o a r d c o n s t r u c t i o n . I n t e r e s t i n g example of an 1 8 t h - c e n t u r y New England f a r m h o u s e . November 2 4 , 1 9 6 8 .

BAPTIST MEETINGHOUSE

BATTLE OF RHODE ISLAND, SITE OF THE

See FIRST BAPTIST MEETINGHOUSE

See SITE OF THE BATTLE OF RHODE ISLAND

BELLEVUE AVENUE HISTORIC DISTRICT Newpor t , Newport County c . 1 8 3 9 - 2 0 t h c e n t u r y

BRICK MARKVET Thames S t r e e t and Wash ing ton S q u a r e Newpor t , Newport County 1 7 6 2 - 7 2 ; P e t e r H a r r i s o n

BROWN (JOHN) HOUSE 52 Power S t r e e t P r o v i d e n c e , P r o v i d e n c e County 1 7 8 6 - 8 8 ; J o s e p h Brown

An a s s e m b l a g e of Amer ican a r c h i t e c t u r e d i s t i n g u i s h e d by t h e v a r i e t y of s t y l e s and famous a r c h i t e c t u r a l f i r m s r e p r e s e n t e d . I t i n c l u d e s G o t h i c R e v i v a l v i l l a s . S t i c k - and S h i n g l e - s t y l e b u i l d i n g s , and g r e a t summer p a l a c e s of t h e l a t e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y . May 1 1 , 1976 .

An example of C o l o n i a l commerc ia l a r c h i t e c t u r e which shows a new a w a r e n e s s of c o r r e c t C l a s s i c a l d e s i q n and s o p h i s t i c a t i o n i n i t s a p p l i c a t i o n . I t s f o r m a l , a cademic c o m p o s i t i o n i n c l u d e s t h e P a l l a d i a n m o t i f of g i a n t C l a s s i c a l o r d e r s above an a r c a d e d g round f l o o r . O c t o b e r 9 , 1960 .

Large l a t e G e o r g i a n m a n s i o n , d e s i q n e d by t h e n o t e d c o l o n i a l a m a t e u r a r c h i t e c t f o r h i s b r o t h e r . November 2 4 , 1968 .

BROWN UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITY HALL See UNIVERSITY HALL

COLLEGE HILL HISTORIC DISTRICT P r o v i d e n c e , P r o v i d e n c e County c . 1730-1880

C o n t a i n s most of t h e a r e a of 1 7 t h - c e n t u r y s e t t l e m e n t i n P r o v i d e n c e , a s w e l l a s 300 b u i l d i n g s of t h e 18 th and 19 th c e n t u r i e s . December 3 0 , 1970 .

232

Rhode Is land

CORLISB-CARRINGTON HOUSE 66 Williams S t r e e t Providence, Providence County 1810-12

Superb example of a larqe brick Adames-que-Federal s t y l e town house, with l i t t l e - a l t e r e d i n t e r i o r s and e x t e r i o r . Main facade i s dominated by a 2-s tory porch with super-imposed Corinthian and Ionic iron columns. December 30, 1970.

CRESCENT PARK LOOFF CAROUSEL Bul lock ' s Point Avenue East Providence, Providence

County c . 1895, dome before 1909;

Charles I .D . Looff

FIRST BAPTIST MEETINGHOUSE N. Main S t r e e t , between Thomas

and Waterman S t r e e t s Providence, Providence County 1774-75; Joseph Brown and

James Sumner

The e a r l i e s t , most e l a b o r a t e , and p ro bably bes t preserved of the handful remaining of more than 100 carousels b u i l t by Charles I .D . Looff, one of the foremost manufacturers of carousels in the United S t a t e s . I s complete with i t s o r i g i n a l shed and e a r l y 20th century band organ and l i g h t i n g . February 27, 1987.

Arch i t ec tu ra l l y and h i s t o r i c a l l y a not able publ ic bu i ld ing . Origins date to the establishment of the f i r s t Bapt i s t organiza t ion in America by Roger Williams in 1639. October 9, 1960.

FLYING HORSE CAROUSEL Terminus of Bay S t r e e t Westerly, Washington County c a . 1876; Charles W.F. Dare

Carousel Co.

The o ldes t carousel of i t s type, in which the horses are suspended from a cen te r frame, and may be the o ldes t ex tan t carousel in the United S t a t e s . I s one of two i n t ac t examples of the work of Charles W.F. Dare Company of New York Ci ty , one of the major carousel manufact u r e r s . February 27, 1987.

FORT ADAMS Fort Adams Road a t Harrison

Avenue Newport, Newport County 1824-1900

Super la t ive i l l u s t r a t i o n of American m i l i t a r y engineering and technology in the 19th century , the Fort demonstrates the implementation of the defense recommendations of both the Bernard and Endicott Boards. December 8, 1976.

GREENE (GENERAL NATHANAEL) HOMESTEAD

40 Taft S t r e e t Anthony, Kent County 1774; Nathanael Greene

Greene, among the most important genera ls in the Continental Army, designed and b u i l t t h i s 2-s tory clapboard dwell ing. He returned to the house a f t e r the war, but l e f t i t in 1783. November 28, 1972.

HOPKINS (GOVERNOR STEPHEN) HOUSE 15 Hopkins S t r ee t Providence, Providence County 1707, c . 1742-43

The e x t e r i o r and i n t e r i o r woodwork, f i r e p l a c e s , and t r im are r e l a t i v e l y i n t ac t in t h i s house acguired in 1742 by Hopk ins , Royal Governor of Rhode Island (1755-57), l a t e r a member of both Contine n t a l Congresses, and a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence. November 11, 1971.

233

Rhode I s l a n d

HUNTER HOUSE ( N i c h o l s - W a n t o n - H u n t e r House)

54 Wash ing ton S t r e e t Newpor t , Newport County c . 1748

IVES (THOMAS P . ) HOUSE 66 Power S t r e e t P r o v i d e n c e , P r o v i d e n c e County 1803-06 ; C a l e b Ormsbee

An e x c e l l e n t example of an E a r l y G e o r g i a n frame r e s i d e n c e . A l a r g e 2 - 1 / 2 s t o r y house w i t h b a l u s t r a d e d gambre l r oo f and heavy s t u d c o n s t r u c t i o n . P r e sumab ly b u i l t f o r Deputy Royal Governor J o n a t h a n N i c h o l s , J r . November 2 4 , 1968 .

B r i c k r e s i d e n c e of 3 - 1 / 2 s t o r i e s , w i t h a b a l u s t r a d e d r o o f . A m a g n i f i c e n t example of a l a r g e b r i c k c i t y h o u s e d e s i g n e d i n t h e A d a i r e s g u e - F e d e r a l s t y l e . December 3 0 , 1970 .

KING (EDWARD) HOUSE Aguidneck P a r k , S p r i n g S t r e e t Newpor t , Newport County 1 8 4 5 - 4 7 ; R i c h a r d Upjohn

An e a r l y , e x c e l l e n t , and l i t t l e - a l t e r e d example of a monumenta l ly s c a l e d r e s i d e n c e i n t h e I t a l i a n V i l l a s t y l e of a r c h i t e c t u r e of t h e m i d - 1 9 t h c e n t u r y . T y p i c a l of t h a t s t y l e i n i t s a s y m m e t r i c a l m a s s i n g . December 3 0 , 1970 .

LIPPITT (GOVERNOR HENRY) HOUSE 199 Hope S t r e e t P r o v i d e n c e , P r o v i d e n c e County 1 8 6 2 - 6 5 ; Henry C h i l d s

NAVAL WAR COLLEGE, ORIGINAL U . S .

A b e a u t i f u l l y p r e s e r v e d I t a l i a n V i l l a b u i l t f o r t h e man who was Governor of Rhode I s l a n d i n 1 8 7 5 - 7 6 . May 1 1 , 1976 .

See ORIGINAL U . S . NAVAL WAR COLLEGE

NEWPORT CASINO 186-202 B e l l e v u e Avenue Newpor t , Newport County 1880; McKim, Mead & White

NEWPORT HISTORIC DISTRICT Newpor t , Newport County 18 th c e n t u r y

A m e r i c a ' s answer t o Wimbledon, and s i n c e t h e r e b u i l d i n g of Wimbledon, t h e p r e m i e r h i s t o r i c a l p l a c e i n lawn t e n n i s w o r l d w i d e . E p i t o m i z e s t h e h i s t o r i c a l t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of t e n n i s from an a r i s t o c r a t i c p u r s u i t t o a more d e m o c r a t i z e d s p o r t i n t h e 2 0 t h c e n t u r y . I s a l s o a c l a s s i c i l l u s t r a t i o n of t h e S h i n g l e s t y l e of a r c h i t e c t u r e . Today i t h o u s e s t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e n n i s H a l l of Fame. F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 .

The d i s t r i c t ' s G e o r g i a n p u b l i c b u i l d i n g s and m a n s i o n s a r e among t h e most advanced i n s t y l e of any e r e c t e d i n t h e C o l o n i e s . Rows of s m a l l d w e l l i n g s and s h o p s , l a r g e l y n e a r t h e w a t e r f r o n t , a l s o g i v e t h e a r e a a r c h i t e c t u r a l d i s t i n c t i o n . November 2 4 , 1968 .

OCEAN DRIVE HISTORIC DISTRICT Newport Newport County 18 th c e n t u r y - e a r l y 20 th c e n t u r y

I n c l u d e s e a r l y fa rms and e l a b o r a t e summer homes . N a t u r a l l a n d s c a p e s and t h e l a n d s cape d e s i g n s of t h e O l m s t e d s c o - e x i s t i n t h i s d i s t r i c t , f a v o r e d by 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y i n d u s t r i a l m a g n a t e s and t h e s o c i a l e l i t e . May 1 1 , 1976 .

234

Rhode Island

OLD SLATER MILL Roosevelt Avenue Pawtucket, Providence County 1793

OLD STATE HOUSE (Old Colony House) Washington Square Newport, Newport County 1739-41; Richard Munday

Samuel S l a t e r founded the cot ton t e x t i l e manufacturing industry in the United S t a t e s a f t e r serving as a mi l l apprentice in England. His m i l l i s operated as a museum. November 13, 1966.

Probably the f i n e s t , l e a s t - a l t e r e d example of an Early Georgian publ ic building in the U.S. A brick building with a 2-s to ry octagonal cupola, b u i l t to house the Rhode Island General Assembly. October 9, 1960.

ORIGINAL U.S. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Coas t e r ' s Harbor Island Newport, Newport County 1819, 1892

PROVIDENCE ARCADE

Established in 1884 to offer advanced courses for naval o f f i c e r s . Alfred T. Mahan, a key a r c h i t e c t of America's naval po l i cy , became pres ident of the College in 1886. January 29, 1964.

See ARCADE

REDWOOD LIBRARY 50 Bellevue Avenue Newport, Newport County 1750; Peter Harrison

REYNOLDS (JOSEPH) HOUSE (Willowmere)

956 Hope S t r e e t B r i s t o l , B r i s t o l County c . 1698-1700

SHERMAN (WILLIAM WATTS) HOUSE 2 Shepard Avenue Newport, Newport County 1875-76; H.H. Richardson

SITE OF THE BATTLE OF RHODE ISLAND Portsmouth, Newport County 1778

SLATER MILL, OLD

STATEHOUSE, OLD

Outqrowth of an 18th-century phi losophi ca l s o c i e t y . One of the o ldes t l i b r a r y bui ld ings in continuous use in the United S t a t e s . October 9, 1960.

A f ine example of the a r c h i t e c t u r a l t r a n s i t i o n from the 17th to the 18th century in New England. Oldest known 3-s tory upright s t r u c t u r e in Rhode Is land , and perhaps the e a r l i e s t wooden s t r u c t u r e of i t s form extant in New England. Features some of the most e l abora te i n t e r i o r decora t ion of i t s e r a . Ju ly 28, 1983.

Archi tect Richardson imported the English Queen Anne s t y l e to the United S ta te s with h i s design for t h i s house. I t i s charac ter ized by a bold and symmetrical massing of forms. December 30, 1970.

Only Revolutionary War b a t t l e in which an a l l -Black u n i t , the 1st Rhode Island Regiment, p a r t i c i p a t e d . I t joined Gen. John S u l l i v a n ' s army in a t tack ing the B r i t i s h gar r i son in Newport. May 30, 1974.

See OLD SLATER MILL

See OLD STATEHOUSE

235

Rhode Island

STUART (GILBERT) BIRTHPLACE Gilbert Stuart Road Saunderstown, Washington County 1755

Stuart, best known for his portraits of George Washington and other prominent political figures, lived here between 1755 and 1761. December 21, 1965.

TRINITY CHURCH 141 Spring Street Newport, Newport County 1725-26; Richard Munday

UNIVERSITY HALL, BROWN UNIVERSITY Providence, Providence County 1770-71

An e a r l y New England Georgian frame church, c lose ly modeled a f t e r Boston's Old North Church. November 24, 1968.

Oldest u n i v e r s i t y bui lding and, u n t i l 1832, the only s t ruc tu r e on the campus; contained the dormitory rooms, l ec tu re and r e c i t a t i o n rooms, the chapel , the l i b r a r y and the dining h a l l . Also s i g n i f i can t by i t s a s soc ia t ion with Horace Mann, one of the founders of the American system of free publ ic school , who graduated from Brown Univers i ty in 1819. June 13, 1962.

U.S. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE, ORIGINAL See ORIGINAL U.S. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE

VERNON HOUSE 46 Clarke S t r e e t Newport, Newport County Late 1750s

Academically co r r ec t la te-Georgian frame residence noted for i t s f ine i n t e r i o r trim and s ta i rway. November 24, 1968.

WANTCN-LYHAN-HAZARD HOUSE 17 Broadway Newport, Newport County 1695

I l l u s t r a t e s the a r c h i t e c t u r a l t r a n s i t i o n from 17th- to 18th-century s t y l e s . Damaged by Stamp Act r i o t s in 1765 when occupied by a Tory Stampmaster. October 9, 1960.

WIUXJWMERE See REYNOLDS HOUSE

236

SOUTH CAROLINA (68)

AIKEN (WILLIAM) HOUSE AND ASSOCIATED RAILROAD STRUCTURES

456 King S t r e e t Charleston, Charleston County 1807-11

Aiken's Charleston and Hamburg Railroad was the f i r s t t o use a steam locomotive in regular service and the f i r s t to car ry ma i l . Brick house was used by the Southern Railway System for adminis t ra t ive purposes. November 4, 1963.

BEAUFORT HISTORIC DISTRICT Beaufort, Beaufort County 18th-20th cen tu r i e s

Marked by a d i s t i n c t i v e s t y l e of Southern a r c h i t e c t u r e , d i f f e ren t from tha t of Savannah and Charleston. Houses have 2-s to ry por t i coes or verandas, and a i r y , open i n t e r i o r s . November 7, 1973.

BETHESDA PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 502 Dekalb S t r e e t Camden, Kershaw County 1822; Robert Mil ls

BLACKLOCK (WILLIAM) HOUSE 18 Bull Street Charleston, Charleston County 1800

One of the few Mil ls churches remaininq in America. I t s neo-c lass ica l temple form represen t s Mi l l s ' work as a maturing a r c h i t e c t influenced by Jeffersonian c lass ic i sm. February 4, 1985.

Massive t h r e e - s t o r y brick house with hipped roof, an exce l l en t example of the Adamesque s t y l e , well-proport ioned and a r c h i t e c t u r a l l y of the highest design q u a l i t y and s o p h i s t i c a t i o n . November 7, 1973.

BREWTON (MILES) HOUSE 27 King S t r e e t Charles ton, Charleston County 1765-69; Ezra Waite

A "Charleston double house," with a highly ornamented interior and exterior. Occupied by British Gen. Clinton in 1780, during the Revolutionary War. October 9, 1960.

BREWTON (ROBERT) HOUSE 71 Church Street Charleston, Charleston County 1730

One of the oldest surviving Charleston houses and the earliest "single house," an architectural type peculiar to this city. October 9, 1960.

BRICK HOUSE RUINS South of Edisto Island Charleston County c. 1725, 1929 (damaged by fire)

CALHOUN (JOHN) HOUSE

Shell of what was a 2-s tory p l an t a t i on house. Exhibi ts evidence of the French Huguenot influence on South Ca ro l i na ' s Colonial a r c h i t e c t u r e . April 15, 1970.

See FORT HILL

CAMDEN BATTLEFIELD 5 miles north of Camden on U.S. 521 and 601

Kershaw County 1780

The defeat of Gen. Horatio Gates' army at Camden climaxed a series of disasters for the Continental Army and brought Gen. Nathanael Greene to the American Southern command. January 20, 1961.

237

South Carolina

CHAPELLE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING 1530 Harden Street Columbia, Richland County 1925; John Anderson Lankford

One of the f ines t works of a pioneer Black a r c h i t e c t who helped gain recognit ion for Afro-American a r c h i t e c t s in the a r c h i t e c t u r a l commmunity. Located on the campus of Allen Univers i ty . December 8, 1976.

CHARLESTON HISTORIC DISTRICT Charles ton, Charleston County 18th and e a r l y 19th c e n t u r i e s

Largest and most prosperous 18th-century metropol is south of Phi ladelphia . Many of the res idences and publ ic bui ld ings r e t a i n t h e i r period cha rac te r . October 9, 1960.

CIIURCH OF THE HOLY CROSS Sta teburg , Sumter County 1850

An example of ante-bellum r e l i g i o u s a r c h i t e c t u r e . Gothic Revival cruciform-design church conta ins a rare organ and o r i g i n a l carved walnut pews. November 7, 1973.

CIRCULAR CCNGREX3ATIONAL CTURCH PARISH HOUSE

See PARISH HOUSE . . .

COKER EXPERIMENTAL FARMS West of Ha r t sv i l l e on South

Carolina 151 Darlington County Late 19th and e a r l y 20th c e n t u r i e s

James Coker pioneered in research on p lan t hybr id iza t ion and c u l t i v a t i o n , spec i a l i z ing in corn and co t ton . Ju ly 19, 1964.

COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON Glebe, George, S t . P h i l i p , and

Green S t r e e t s Charles ton, Charleston County 1827-1856; William S t r i ck l and ,

Edward Br icke l l White, and George Edward Walker

The ga te lodge and main bui lding are Roman Revival in s t y l e , while the Library i s a mid-19th-century Class i ca l Revival s t r u c t u r e with I t a l i a n a t e d e t a i l s . The three bui ld ings achieve a r c h i t e c t u r a l uni ty through t h e i r Pompeian-red stuccoed w a l l s . November 11, 1971.

DRAYTON HALL 12 miles west of Charleston on South Carolina 61

Charleston County 1738-42

Outstanding example of a plantation house. The entrance hall, with its elaborate double stairs, full wood paneling, and ornamental ceiling, was among the finest in the British Colonies. October 9, 1960.

EXCHANGE AND PROVOST E. Bay Street Charleston, Charleston County 1767-71

Built as a customhouse and mercantile exchange. Provided meeting rooms for Committee of Correspondence, State legislature, and Constitutional ratification convention of 1790. November 7, 1973.

FARMERS' AND EXCHANGE BANK 14 E. Bay Street Charleston, Charleston County 1854

Moorish design of bank may have been influenced by the popularity of Washington Irving's novel, The Alhambra; this style evolved from an aspect of English Regency architecture. November 7, 1973.

238

South Carolina

FIREPROOF BUILDING 100 Meeting Street Charleston, Charleston County 1822-26; Robert Mills

Believed to be the first fireproof building erected in the United States. Designed to house State records safely. November 7, 1973.

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH 1306 Hampton Street Columbia, Richland County 1859

The South Carolina Secession Convention met here in 1860, and adopted a unanimous reso lu t ion favoring secess ion . November 7, 1973.

FORT HILL (John C. Calhoun House)

Clemson, Pickens County 1784, 1803

Calhoun, who is best remembered for his vigorous defense of States' Rights, penned his "South Carolina Exposition and Protest" at Fort Hill in 1828. His long political career included terms in the U.S. House (1811-17) and Senate (1832-43, 1845-50), service as Secretary of War (1817-25), and Secretary of State (1844-45), and the office of Vice President (1825-32). He occupied this house from 1825 to 1850. (Fort Hill is within the Clemson University campus.) December 19, 1960.

GIBBES (WILLIAM) HOUSE 64 S. Battery Charleston, Charleston County c . 1779

Late-Georgian town house redone in the Adam manner in 1794, one of the f i ne s t two-story frame late-Georgian town houses in the American co lon ies , and Char les ton ' s most e legant two-story wooden "double house." Apri l 15, 1970.

GRANITEVILLE HISTORIC DISTRICT Along South Carolina 19 and

Gregg S t r e e t G r a n i t e v i l l e , Aiken County 1845

The community where William Gregg success fu l ly introduced the t e x t i l e industry to the South before the Civi l War. June 2, 1978.

HAMPTON PLANTATION 8 miles north of McClellanvil le Charleston County 1735

HEYWARD (DUBOSE) HOUSE 76 Church S t r ee t Charles ton, Charleston County

Bui l t by a Huguenot s e t t l e r , the building evolved from a modest frame s t ruc tu r e in to a large Georgian country house. April 15, 1970.

Occupied from 1919 to 1924 by the author of Porgy, the book upon which Gershwin's opera "Porgy and Bess" was based. November 11, 1971.

HEY>mJ3J>WASHINC7TON HOUSE 87 Church S t r e e t Charles ton, Charleston County c . 1770-71

Fine example of a Charleston "double house," a t h r ee - s t o ry brick s t r u c t u r e . Home of William Heyward, J r . , a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence, from c . 1777 to 1794. April 15, 1970.

239

Sou th C a r o l i n a

HIBERNIAN HALL 105 Mee t ing S t r e e t C h a r l e s t o n , C h a r l e s t o n County 1840; Thomas U. W a l t e r

The D e m o c r a t i c C o n v e n t i o n of 1860 , one of t h e most c r i t i c a l p o l i t i c a l a s s e m b l i e s i n U n i t e d S t a t e s h i s t o r y , was h e l d i n C h a r l e s t o n . The D e m o c r a t i c P a r t y s p l i n t e r e d , and R e p u b l i c a n v i c t o r y was a s s u r e d . The o n l y e x t a n t b u i l d i n g a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e c o n v e n t i o n , t h i s b u i l d i n g was S t e p h e n D o u g l a s ' h e a d q u a r t e r s . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

HOPSEWEE (Thomas Lynch House) 12 m i l e s s o u t h of George town on

U . S . 17 Georgetown County c . 1740

Lynch, a s i g n e r of t h e D e c l a r a t i o n of I n d e p e n d e n c e , was b o r n h e r e i n 1749 . The house shows West I n d i a n i n f l u e n c e , w i t h i t s d o u b l e - t i e r e d p i a z z a . November 1 1 , 1971 .

HUGUENOT CHURCH 136 Church S t r e e t C h a r l e s t o n , C h a r l e s t o n County 1845; E. B. Whi te

C h a r l e s t o n ' s f i r s t G o t h i c R e v i v a l b u i l d i n g , and t h e f i r s t G o t h i c d e s i g n by t h e a r c h i t e c t . November 7 , 1973 .

KAHAL KADOSH BETH ELOHIM 90 H a s e l l S t r e e t C h a r l e s t o n , C h a r l e s t o n County 1840; Cyrus Warner

The p r e s e n t Greek R e v i v a l - s t y l e s t r u c t u r e h o u s e s a c o n g r e g a t i o n r e g a r d e d a s t h e b i r t h p l a c e of Reform J u d a i s m i n Ameri c a . I t i s a l s o t h e s e c o n d - o l d e s t s y n a gogue i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i n c o n t i n u o u s u s e . J u n e 1 9 , 1980 .

LANCASTER COUNTY COURTHOUSE 104 N. Main S t r e e t L a n c a s t e r , L a n c a s t e r County 1828

Des ign of t h i s 2 - s t o r y b r i c k b u i l d i n g , more P a l l a d i a n t h a n C l a s s i c , h a s been a t t r i b u t e d t o R o b e r t M i l l s . F e a t u r e s f i n e r e e d e d woodwork and v a u l t e d c e i l i n g s . In c o n t i n u o u s u s e a s a c o u r t h o u s e s i n c e i t s c o m p l e t i o n . November 7 , 1973 .

LANCASTER COUNTY JAIL 208 W. Gay S t r e e t L a n c a s t e r , L a n c a s t e r County 1823; R o b e r t M i l l s

T h r e e - s t o r y s t u c c o e d b u i l d i n g r e f l e c t s i n n o v a t i o n s by t h e a r c h i t e c t . He o m i t t e d dungeons and d e s i g n e d c e l l s f o r b e t t e r a i r c i r c u l a t i o n . November 7 , 1973 .

LYNCH HOUSE See HOPSEWEE

MANIGAULT (JOSEPH) HOUSE 350 Mee t ing S t r e e t C h a r l e s t o n , C h a r l e s t o n County 1790 ; G a b r i e l M a n i g a u l t

F i r s t N e o c l a s s i c a l b u i l d i n g d e s i g n e d by t h e a r c h i t e c t . R e f l e c t s t h e a r c h i t e c t u r a l i n f l u e n c e of R o b e r t Adam. November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

MARKET HALL AND SHEDS 188 Mee t ing S t r e e t C h a r l e s t o n , C h a r l e s t o n County 1 8 4 1 ; Edward B r i c k e l l Whi te

One of a s m a l l number of 1 9 t h - c e n t u r y m a r k e t complexes e x t a n t in t h e U. S . Impos ing b u i l d i n g w i t h D o r i c c o l u m n s , f r o n t p o r t i c o , and e l a b o r a t e i r o n w o r k , r e s e m b l i n g a s m a l l c l a s s i c a l t e m p l e . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

240

South Carolina

MARSHLANDS 501 Pinckney Street Beaufort, Beaufort County 1814

Built for Dr. James Verdier, discoverer of a treatment for yellow fever. House shows West Indian influence, with an arcaded cellar. November 7, 1973.

MIDDLEBURG PLANTATION About 2 miles southwest of Huger on East Branch of the Cooper River

Berkeley County c. 1699

Transitional 2-story plantation house, one of the oldest frame structures in the state. Built by a French Huguenot planter. April 15, 1970.

MIDDLETON PLACE 10 miles southeast of Summerville on South Carolina 61

Dorchester County 1738, 1755 and 1930s (additions)

This property's spacious grounds constitute the first landscaped gardens in America, with molded terraces descending to two butterfly shaped lakes. The original house was burned by Union troops in 1865, and only one wing, dating from 1755, survives. Middleton Place was the estate of its namesake family, prominent members of government in Colonial times, including Arthur, member of the Continental Congress (1776-78, 1781-83), where he signed the Declaration of Independence. November 11, 1971.

MILFORD PLANTATION 2 miles west of Pinewood on South Carolina 261

Sumter County 1839

Monumental 2-story ante-bellum Greek Revival mansion. Outstanding interior feature is the unsupported, flying circular staircase in the central rotunda. November 7, 1973.

MILLS BUILDING, SOUTH CAROLINA STATE HOSPITAL

2100 Bull Street Columbia, Richland County 1821-28; Robert Mills

Oldest building in the country to be used continuously as a mental institution. One of the first mental hospitals built with public funds. November 7, 1973.

MILLS (CLARK) STUDIO 51 Broad Street Charleston, Charleston County Early 19th century

MILLS (ROBERT) HOUSE 1616 Blanding Street Columbia, Richland County 1823, Robert Mills

Mills pioneered in the casting of bronze statues. He was commissioned in 1848 to do the equestrian statue of Gen. Andrew Jackson now in Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C. December 21, 1965.

Classical 2-story brick mansion, built for a wealthy merchant by Robert Mills, native South Carolinian, first Federal architect and the designer of the Washington Monument. November 7, 1973.

241

South Carolina

MULBERRY PLANTATION Off U.S. 52 on the Cooper River Moncks Corner, Berkeley County 1714

A plantation house which illustrates the transition from the diversity of early British Colonial architectural styles to the unified formality of the Georgian style. Constructed for a Royal Governor. October 9, 1960.

NINETY SIX AND STAR PORT 2 miles south of Ninety Six between South Carolina 248 and 27

Greenwood County 1769, 1781

This important colonial backcountry trading village and government seat was held briefly by the British during the Revolutionary War and was the scene of Gen. Nathanael Greene's siege in 1781. The site contains remains of earthworks from 1781 fortifications, remains of two historic villages, a colonial plantation complex, and numerous prehistoric sites. November 7, 1973. (Became Ninety Six National Historic Site in 1976.)

OLD MARINE HOSPITAL 20 Franklin Street Charleston, Charleston County 19th century; Robert Mills

One of several hospitals designed by Mills for indigent seamen. Gothic style, with pointed arches and windows and clustered columns. November 7, 1973.

OLD NINETY SIX

PARISH HOUSE OF THE CIRCULAR CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH

150 Meeting S t r e e t Char les ton, Charleston County 1806; Robert Mil ls

See NINETY SIX . . .

Small Greek Revival temple, with graceful twin s ta i rways and notable wrought-iron r a i l i n g s . A good example of M i l l s ' a b i l i t y to design a temple-s tyle bui ld ing tha t i s s t a t e l y in s p i t e of i t s small s i z e . November 7, 1973.

PENN SCHOOL HISTORIC DISTRICT 1 mile south of Frogmore Beaufort County 1855-1968

Northern miss ionar ies organized one of the f i r s t southern schools for Blacks here in 1862. Pioneered in hea l th s e rv i ce s and s e l f - h e l p programs. Oldest e x i s t i n g s t ruc tu r e i s the Brick Church (1855). December 2, 1974.

PIEmONT MANUFACTURING COMPANY (Piedmont Number One)

South end of Main S t r e e t Piedmont, Greenvi l le County 1876

DE-DESIGNATED: March 5, 1986. (Or ig ina l ly designated June 2, 1978.)

POMPION HILL CHAPEL 0.5 mile southwest of i n t e r s e c t i o n

of South Carolina 41 and 402 Huger, Berkeley County 1763-65

A minia ture Georgian masterp iece . A f ine , v i r t u a l l y unal tered example of a South Carolina br ick par i sh church. I n t e r i o r woodwork and near ly a l l furnishings are o r i g i n a l . Apri l 15, 1970.

242

South Carolina

RAINEY (JOSEPH H.) HOUSE 909 Prince Street Georgetown, Georgetown County c. 1760

Joseph H. Rainey, the first Black person to serve in the United States House of Representatives (1870-79), served longer than any of his Black contemporaries. Election of Rainey and of Hiram R. Revels, who began a term in the U.S. Senate in the same year, marked the beginning of active Black participation in the Federal legislative process. Rainey was probably born in this house in 1832 and lived here until 1846. After the Civil War, from 1866 to 1881 and again from 1886 until his death the next year, it was his principal residence. April 20, 1984.

RHETT (ROBERT BARNWELL) HOUSE 6 Thomas Street Charleston, Charleston County c. 1832

Rhett, an eloquent speaker and owner of the Charleston Mercury newspaper, was an effective advocate of secession in 1860. November 7, 1973.

ROPER (ROBERT WILLIAM) HOUSE 9 East Battery Charleston, Charleston County 1838; attributed to Edward B. White

A brick residence of grandiose scale and monumental features; in many ways, one of the most splendid houses of its period. Its giant-order Ionic pentastyle portico is unusual among Greek Revival houses in the state. November 7, 1973.

RUSSELL (NATHANIEL) HOUSE 51 Meeting Street Charleston, Charleston County c. 1809

Excellent example of the Federal style of architecture, with delicate, intricate interior detail typifying the mature American Adamesque manner. Three-story brick residence built by a wealthy South Carolina merchant. November 7, 1973.

RUTLEDGE (EDWARD) HOUSE 117 Broad Street Charleston, Charleston County 1787

Rutledge, a delegate to the Continental Congress (1774-77), where he signed the Declaration of Independence, and Governor of South Carolina (1798-1800), lived here from 1787 until his death in 1800. November 11, 1971.

RUTLEDGE (JOHN) HOUSE 116 Broad Street Charleston, Charleston County 1763, 1853 (addition)

John Rutledge, older brother of Edward, served in the Continental Congress (1774-76, 1782-83), was Governor of South Carolina (1779-82), a signer of the U.S. Constitution, and Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1789-91). November 7, 1973.

243

South Carolina

ST. JAMES' CHURCH, GOOSE CREEK South of Goose Creek Berkeley County 1713-19

ST. JAMES1 CHURCH, SANTEE 17 miles south of Georgetown

on the Santee River Charleston County 1768

ST. MICHAEL'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH 80 Meeting S t r ee t Char les ton , Charleston County 1761

One of the f i r s t t rue Georgian churches in the English co lon ie s . A rec tangular 1-story, s tucco-on-br ick s t r u c t u r e , i t s e labora te i n t e r i o r i s one of the f i n e s t of a l l small 18th-century country pa r i sh churches ex tan t in the U. S. April 15, 1970.

A l i t t l e - a l t e r e d example of l a t e 18th century e f f o r t s to give South Ca ro l i na ' s country Georgian churches a more soph is t i ca t ed e x t e r i o r des ign. S t . James i s 5 bays long and 3 bays wide, with a c l a s s i c pedimented po r t i co on the front facade. April 15, 1970.

An e c c l e s i a s t i c a l a r c h i t e c t u r a l monument of the co lon ia l per iod . Two-story Roman Doric open p o r t i c o , f i r s t such p o r t i c o b u i l t on a Georgian church, dominates the facade. October 9, 1960.

ST. PHILIP'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH 146 Church S t r e e t Charles ton, Charleston County c . 1836-38, Joseph Hyde; 1848-50

( sp i re ) Edward Br icke l l White

ST. STEPHEN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH On South Carolina 45 S t . Stephens, Berkeley County 1767-69

SIMMCNS-EOTARDS HOUSE 12-14 Legate S t r e e t Charles ton, Charleston County c . 1800

Stuccoed br ick church, fea tur ing an imposing tower designed in the Wren-Gibbs t r a d i t i o n . Three Tuscan pedimented port i c o s con t r ibu te to t h i s design to make a bui lding of the highest g u a l i t y and s o p i s t i c a t i o n . November 7, 1973.

Georgian-s tyle br ick church d i s t ingu ished by high gambrel roof with Jacobean gab le s . Exter ior and i n t e r i o r appear to be o r i g i n a l . April 15, 1970.

One of Char les ton ' s f ines t examples of a "s ing le" house, with noteworthy ou t bui ld ings and landscaped garden. November 7, 1973.

SIMMS (WILLIAM GILMORE) ESTATE See WOODLANDS

SMALLS (ROBERT) HOUSE 511 Prince Street Beaufort, Beaufort County 1843

Smalls, a former slave who served in the State legislature and in Congress (1875-79, 1882-83, 1884-87), lived here both as slave and free man. He fought for Black rights while in office. May 30, 1973.

244

South Carolina

SNEE FARM About 6 miles west of Mount

Pleasant off U.S. 17 Charleston County c . 1754

Home of Charles Pinckney, one of the youngest members of the Continental Congress (1784-87) and member of the Cons t i t u t i o n a l Convention, where he presented the "Pinckney Plan." He l a t e r served as Governor of South Carolina (1789-92, 1796-98, 1806-08), U.S. Senator (1798-1801), and Minister t o Spain (1801-04). This clapboard residence was b u i l t by h i s f a t h e r . November 7, 1973.

SNCW'S ISLAND East of Johnsonvi l le a t confluence

of Great Pee Dee River and Lynch's Creek

Florence County 1780-81

Served as headquarters for Francis Marion's forces in 1780-81. Marion s i g n i f i c a n t l y contr ibuted to the American war e f f o r t by conducting numerous r a id s on B r i t i s h ou tpos t s . December 2, 1974.

SOUTH CAROLINA STATE HOSPITAL, MILLS BUILDING

See MILLS BUILDING

SOUTH CAROLINA STATE HOUSE Capitol Square Columbia, Richland County 1851, John Niernsee; 1907

(completed), Charles C. Wilson

Fine example of Neoclassical a r c h i t e c t u r e . In one of the f ina l episodes of Reconstruct ion, i t was the scene of d i s putes about the 1876 s t a t e e l e c t i o n s which s p l i t the government of South Carol ina . May 11, 1976.

STONO RIVER SLAVE REBELLION SITE Rantowles v i c i n i t y Charleston County 1739

S i te of a se r ious slave in su r rec t ion when some 100 escaped s laves burned p l a n t a t i o n s and k i l l ed Whites before being captured by Colonial m i l i t i a . May 30, 1974.

STUART (COLONEL JOHN) HOUSE 104-106 Tradd S t r e e t Char les ton, Charleston County c . 1772

One of the f ines t examples in the Southern Colonies of a 3-story Georgian frame townhouse. Bui l t by the Royal Commissioner for Indian Affairs in the South. November 7, 1973.

UNITARIAN CHURCH 6 Archdale S t r e e t Charles ton, Charleston County 1772, 1852-54 (redesigned)

Begun in 1772, and Gothicized by Francis D. Lee between 1852 and 1854. A good example of the dominance of the romantic and pic turesque in the a r t s of the mid-19th century . Lee 's i n t e r i o r imi ta tes tha t of Westminster Abbey's chapel of Henry VI I . November 7, 1973.

245

South Carolina

USS LAFFEY East side of Charleston Harbor Mt. Pleasant, Charleston County 1943

The only surviving Allen M. Sumner c l a s s des t royer and the only surviving World War I I des t royer tha t saw serv ice in the A t l a n t i c . She acted as e scor t t o convoys to Great B r i t a i n , and on D-Day she bombarded Utah Beach a t Normandy. Was involved in one of the most famous d e s troyer-kamikaze duels of the Pac i f i c War. She earned 5 b a t t l e s t a r s and a P r e s i d e n t i a l Unit C i t a t ion for her s e r v i c e . January 14, 1986.

USS YOPJCTCWN Charleston Harbor Mt. P leasan t , Charleston County 1943

This aircraft carrier was the second Essex class carrier built by the United States. They formed the core of the fast carrier task forces in the Pacific. Supported American ground troops in the Phillipines, at Iwo Jima, and at Okinawa, also participating at Truk and in the Marianas. She received eleven battle stars and a Presidential Citation for her World War II service. January 14, 1986.

VESEY (DENMARK) HOUSE 56 Bull Street Charleston, Charleston County c. 1820

Residence of a free Black Charleston carpenter whose 1822 plans for a slave insurrection evidence Black resistance to slavery. May 11, 1976.

WOODLANDS (William Gilmore Simms Estate)

3 miles south of Bamberg on South Carolina 78

Bamberg County 1867

Simms, an important l i t e r a r y f igure in the ante-bellum per iod , made h i s home here from 1836 u n t i l h i s death in 1870. The brick house which he b u i l t here in 1867 was o r i g i n a l l y a one-s tory s t r u c t u r e , t o which h i s descendants added a second s t o r y . November 11 , 1971.

246

SOUTH DAKOTA (12)

ARZBERGER SITE 7 miles east of Pierre on the

Missouri River Hughes County 1500

Northernmost outpost of the Central Plains tradition, site of a fortified village atop a low mesa. July 19, 1964.

BEAR BUTTE Near S t u r g i s , Meade County 18th century t o the present

BLOOD RUN SITE At the junct ion of Blood Run

Creek and the Big Sioux River Lincoln County 1700-50

Bear Butte i s sacred t o the Cheyenne Indians as the place where Maheo imparted t o Sweet Medicine (a mythical hero) the knowledge from which the Cheyenne derive t h e i r r e l i g i o u s , p o l i t i c a l , s o c i a l , and economic customs. (The s i t e i s in Bear Butte S ta te Park.) December 21 , 1981.

Site contains the remains of an Indian village and numerous conical mounds, and was occupied by the Oneota people. August 29, 1970.

BLCCM SITE East of Bloom on the James River Hanson County 1000

CROW CREEK SITE 15 miles north of Chamberlain near South Dakota 47

Buffalo County Prehistoric

DEADWOOD HISTORIC DISTRICT Deadwood, Lawrence County 1876

FORT THOMPSON MOUNDS Near Fort Thompson on South Dakota 50

Buffalo County c. 800

FRAWLEY RANCH Vicinity of Spearfish Lawrence County late 19th century

Well-preserved example of a prehistoric fortified Over Focus Indian site. The ancestors of the Mandan Indians may have lived here. July 19, 1964.

Large fortified Indian village site on the east bank of the Missouri River, partially excavated. Represents two occupations, one related to the Over Focus, the other to the Campbell Focus. July 19, 1964.

Site of a rich gold strike in 1875, Deadwood retains its mining town atmosphere. Many original buildings remain. July 4, 1961.

Large group of low burial mounds dating from Plains-Woodland times. Contains evidence of first pottery-making peoples in area. Situated on the Crow Creek Indian Reservation. July 19, 1964.

The ranch represents the development of practical land use for an area unsuited to homestead farming. Henry J. Frawley acquired several unsuccessful homestead farms and created a large and prosperous ranch here in the late 19th century. May 5, 1977.

247

South Dakota

LANGDEAU SITE North of Lower Brule on South

Dakota 47W Lyman County Prehistoric

Type site for an as-yet-unnamed archeo-logical complex within the Middle Missouri tradition. July 19, 1964.

MITCHELL SITE Municipal Golf Course Mitchell, Davison County c. 1000

MOLSTAD VILLAGE 18 miles south of Mobridge Dewey County Prehistoric

WOUNDED KNEE BATTLEFIELD 11 miles west of Batesland Shannon County 1890

Excavations here show the movement of a late Woodland-Mississippian culture from the east to the Missouri Valley. July 19, 1964.

Tiny fortified village site containing five circular house rings enclosed by a ditch. It appears to represent a period of transition, when Central Plains and Middle Missouri cultural traits were combining to form the basis for Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara cultures as they existed at the time of the first contact with Europeans. July 19, 1964.

Site of the last significant clash between Indians and U.S. troops in North America. In a period of uneasiness, following the introduction of the Ghost Dance among the Dakota and the killing of Sitting Bull, a band led by Big Foot fled their reservation. Finally stopped by U.S. troops, they had given themselves up when shooting suddenly started. Then began a virtual massacre of Big Foot's band. (Situated on the Pine Ridge Indian Indian Reservation.) December 21, 1965.

248

TENNESSEE (22)

BEALE STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT Beale Street, from Main to 4th

Streets Memphis, Shelby County Early 1900s

BLCIUNT (WILLIAM) MANSION 200 W. Hill Avenue Knoxville, Knox County 1792

FAIRVUE

FISK UNIVERSITY, JUBILEE HALL

FORT I/XJDOUN U.S. 411 Vonore v i c i n i t y , Monroe County 1756-57

FORT PILLOW Tennessee 87 Fort Pi l low, Lauderdale County 1861-64

FRANKLIN BATTLEFIELD South of Franklin on U.S. 31 Williamson County 1864

The "b lues , " a unique Black con t r ibu t ion to American music, was born on a Beale S t ree t l ined with sa loons , gambling h a l l s , and t h e a t e r s . W. C. Handy wrote "Memphis Blues" h e r e . May 23, 1966.

Blount had already represented North Carol ina in the Continental Congress (1782-83, 1786-87), and signed the U.S. Cons t i tu t ion when he moved west to present-day Tennessee in 1790. Two years l a t e r , while Governor of the Southwest T e r r i t o r y , which included Tennessee, he b u i l t t h i s impressive r e s i dence. He l ived here u n t i l h i s death in 1800 during which time he was instrumental in Tennessee 's admission t o the Union and was one of her f i r s t U.S. Senators . January 12, 1965.

See FRANKLIN (ISAAC) PLANTATION

See JUBILEE HALL

S i t e of a fo r t important in the a l l i ance of the B r i t i s h and the Cherokees in the French and Indian War, an a l l i ance tha t provided p ro t ec t i on for B r i t i s h southern se t t l ements during the northern campaigns. June 23, 1965.

Bui l t by the Confederates, the fo r t was occupied by Union t roops in June, 1862 and recaptured by Confederates in Apr i l , 1864. Heavy losses by Black s o l d i e r s in the l a t t e r b a t t l e made the for t a symbolic "Alamo" for them and they pledged themse lves t o "Remember Fort Pi l low." May 30, 1974.

S ign i f i can t milestone tha t marked the f a i l u r e of Confederate General Hood's Tennessee campaign, when h i s army's r e peated a t t a c k s here on Nov. 30, 1864 were repulsed by Union t roops , led by General John M. Schofie ld . December 19, 1960.

249

T e n n e s s e e

FRANKLIN (ISAAC) PLANTATION ( F a i r v u e )

U . S . 31E 4 m i l e s s o u t h of G a l l a t i n Sumner County 1832

Between 1828 and 1836 I s a a c F r a n k l i n and John A r m f i e l d c r e a t e d t h e l a r g e s t s l a v e -t r a d i n g o p e r a t i o n i n t h e a n t e - b e l l u m S o u t h . F r a n k l i n b u i l t t h i s p l a n t a t i o n when he d e c i d e d t h a t he would p r e f e r t h e l i f e of a p l a n t e r t o t h a t of a s l a v e t r a d e r . A 2 - 1 / 2 - s t o r y r e d b r i c k home, w i t h a s s o c i a t e d o u t b u i l d i n g s s u c h a s 4 s l a v e h o u s e s and an o v e r s e e r ' s h o u s e , F a i r v u e r e f l e c t s t h e c u l t u r e of a n t e b e l lum p l a n t e r s i n t h e u p p e r S o u t h . December 2 2 , 1977 .

GEORGE PEABODY COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS

2 1 s t Avenue S o u t h and E d g e h i l l Avenue

N a s h v i l l e , Davidson County 1914; Ludlow and Peabody

F i r s t c o l l e g e a i d e d by t h e Peabody Fund, a fund e s t a b l i s h e d in 1867 by p h i l a n t h r o p i s t George Peabody t o h e l p b u i l d t h e S o u t h ' s e d u c a t i o n a l s y s t e m . December 2 1 , 1965 .

HERMITAGE, THE 12 m i l e s e a s t of N a s h v i l l e on

U . S . 70N Davidson County 1 8 1 8 - 1 9 , 1834 ( m o d i f i e d )

Andrew J a c k s o n , 7 t h P r e s i d e n t ( 1 8 2 9 -1 8 3 7 ) , l i v e d h e r e f o r more t h a n 40 y e a r s , b e f o r e and a f t e r h i s P r e s i d e n c y . December 1 9 , 1960 .

HIRAM MASONIC LODGE NO. 7 S . 2nd Avenue Franklin, Williamson County 1823

T r e a t y w r i t t e n h e r e i n 1830 p r o v i d e d f o r t h e removal of Chickasaw I n d i a n s from t h e i r l a n d s . P r e s i d e n t J a c k s o n p e r s o n a l l y opened t h e m e e t i n g . November 7 , 1 9 7 3 .

JUBILEE HALL, FISK UNIVERSITY 1 7 t h Avenue N o r t h N a s h v i l l e , Davidson County 1 8 7 3 - 7 6 ; S t e p h e n D. Hatch

V i c t o r i a n G o t h i c s t r u c t u r e , t h e o l d e s t b u i l d i n g on campus . F i s k was founded by t h e American M i s s i o n a r y A s s o c i a t i o n t o p r o v i d e a l i b e r a l a r t s e d u c a t i o n f o r B l a c k s a f t e r t h e C i v i l War. December 2 , 1974 .

LONG ISLAND OF THE HOLSTON S o u t h f o r k of H o l s t o n R i v e r K i n g s p o r t v i c i n i t y S u l l i v a n County 1 7 6 0 s - 1 7 9 0 s

S t a r t i n g p o i n t of D a n i e l B o o n e ' s W i l d e r n e s s Road t h r o u g h t h e Cumberland Gap, u sed by more t h a n 200 ,000 s e t t l e r s i n 1 7 7 5 - 1 7 9 5 . O c t o b e r 9 , 1960 .

2 50

Tennessee

MOCCASIN BEND ARCHEOLOGICAL DISTRICT

Southern portion of Moccasin Bend Chattanooga, Hamilton County 1335 B.C., A.D. 405, 1430, 1565,

1863

I s the bes t preserved and most important compact, yet d i v e r s e , sample of archeolo-g i c a l remains known in the Tennessee River Val ley . Ind ica t ive of Chattanooga's p ivo ta l s t a t u s in t r a d e , communications, economics, and p o l i t i c a l importance in the i n t e r i o r Southeast . Resources i n clude evidence of occupation by Native American groups of the Archaic, Woodland, and Miss iss ippian pe r iods . Because of 16th-century Spanish t rade and g i f t items found t h e r e , the s i t e provides s i g n i f i cant oppor tun i t i e s t o study the e a r l y contact period in the Southeast . Also included are Civ i l War earthworks asso c ia ted with the b a t t l e of Chattanooga. September 8, 1986.

NASHVILLE UNION STATION AND TRAINSHED

10th Avenue South a t Broadway Nashvi l le , Davidson County 1898-1900; Richard Montfort

One of the l a r g e s t s ing le-span gable-roof t ra insheds in the United S t a t e s , the Nashvil le t ra inshed represen ts the u l t i mate development of the f i r s t phase of t ra inshed cons t ruc t ion and made a s i g n i f i can t con t r ibu t ion to the evolut ion of modern bui lding methods. December 8, 1976.

PEABODY COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS

PINSON MOUNDS 3 miles east of Pinson on a secondary road

Madison County c. 5000 BC-1000 AD

See GEORGE PEABODY COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS

Includes two large temple mounds, an effigy mound, and earthworks. The site was occupied during several archeological periods, beginning as early as 5000 BC. January 29, 1964.

POLK (JAMES K.) HOUSE W. 7th and S. High Streets Columbia, Maury County 1816

RATTLE AND SNAP Tennessee 43 Columbia vicinity, Maury County 1845

Polk, Pres ident from 1845 to 1849, l ived in t h i s 2-s tory brick house, h i s pa ren t s ' home, for severa l years during h i s youth. Ju ly 4, 1961.

Large L-shaped brick res idence , b u i l t by a cousin of President Polk. I t s main facade, with a 2-s tory Corinthian port i c o , gives the house d i s t i n c t i o n . November 11, 1971.

RHEA COUNTY CXXJRTHOUSE Market S t r e e t between 2nd and 3rd

Avenues Dayton, Rhea County 1890-91

Scene of the con t rovers i a l and widely publ icized Scopes "Monkey" T r i a l (1925). The t r i a l symbolized the c lash between fundamentalist and modernist thought in sc ience , theology, philosophy, and p o l i t i c s . December 8, 1976.

251

Tennessee

STATE CAPITOL See TENNESSEE STATE CAPITOL

SYCAMORE SHOALS 2 miles west of El izabethton

on the Watauga River Car ter County 1770-80

A t r e a t y signed by the Cherokees here in 1775 allowed the United S t a t e s t o pur chase 20 mi l l ion acres of Cherokee land. Ju ly 19, 1964.

TENNESSEE STATE CAPITOL Capitol H i l l Nashvi l l e , Davidson County 1845-1854; William St r ickland

A prime example of the Greek Revival s t y l e by one of the most noted a r c h i t e c t s of the t ime. Has an Ionic p o r t i c o on each of i t s four s ides and a simple and well-proport ioned i n t e r i o r . November 11, 1971.

WYWEWOOD Tennessee 25 Castalian Springs, Sumner County 1828

F i r s t se t t lement in Middle Tennessee, b u i l t a t a sulphur sp r ing . A log s t ruc tu r e (1828) a t the s i t e was used as a stagecoach inn and res idence . November 11 , 1971.

X-10 REACTOR, OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY

Oak Ridge, Roane County 1943

World's f i r s t f u l l - s c a l e nuclear r e a c t o r . P r inc ipa l atomic research f a c i l i t y in the United S t a t e s for many y e a r s . December 21 , 1965.

YORK (ALVTN CULLOM) FARM U . S . 127 Vicinity of Pall Mall Fentress County 1922

Residence (1922-49) of a renowned hero of World War I. York singlehandedly killed 25 of the enemy, took 132 pris-soners, and put out of action 35 machine guns. He won the Medal of Honor and magnified his legend by refusing to capitalize on it. May 11, 1976.

252

TEXAS (35)

ALAMO Alamo Plaza San Antonio, Bexar County 1718

APOLLO MISSION CCNTROL CENTER Lyndon B. Johnson Space F l igh t

Center Houston, Harr i s County 1965-present; National Aeronautics


BRCOKS AIR FORCE BASE, HANGAR 9

CONCEPCION MISSION

EAST END HISTORIC DISTRICT Galveston, Galveston County 1840s-1920s

ESPADA AOIJEDUCT Espada Road, j u s t e a s t of U.S.

281S San Antonio, Bexar County 1731-45

S i te of the 1836 b a t t l e between Mexican t roops and Anglo-American defenders of San Antonio, including Davy Crocket t , William Trav i s , and Jim Bowie. The American defeat here spurred the Texas independence movement. December 19, 1960.

Represents the importance of the Johnson Space Center in the U. S. manned spacef l i g h t program. This con t ro l cen te r was used to monitor 9 Gemini and a l l Apollo f l i g h t s , Apollo-Soyuz, and a l l recent Space Shut t l e f l i g h t s . October 3 , 1985.

See HANGAR 9 . . .

See MISSION OJNCEPCION

A collection of 19th-century residential structures including the ornate Bishop's Palace (1887-93) by Nicholas J. Clayton. May 11, 1976.

Once part of an irrigation system serving five area missions. Only remaining Spanish structure of its type in the United States. July 19, 1964. (Included in San Antonio Missions National Historical Park.)

FAIR PARK TEXAS CENTENNIAL BUILDINGS Northeast of Perry Ave-2nd Ave.

intersection Dallas, Dallas County 1936-37; George L. Dahl et al.

FORT BEIJ<NAP 1 mile south of junction of Texas 24 and 251

Newcastle vicinity, Young County 1851

One of the largest intact groupings of Exposition buildings remaining in the United States. Built for the Texas Centennial Exposition, the grounds were planned on two landscape design themes, a Beaux Arts theme involving grand plazas and vistas interspersed with major buildings, and a pastoral theme using winding paths and random building siting to create an informal atmosphere. Grounds continue to be used for the Texas State Fair and were restored for the Texas Sesquicentennial in 1986. September 24, 1986.

Key post in a chain of defenses established to protect the Texas frontier. Used during the Civil War for campaigns against Native Americans. December 19, 1960.

253

Texas

FORT BROWN Brownsville, Cameron County 1846, 1868

FORT CONCHO San Angelo, Tom Green County 1867

FORT DAVIS Junction of Texas 17 and 118 Jeff Davis County 1854

Bui l t by Gen. Zachary T ay l o r ' s army during the Mexican War. December 19, 1960.

Establ ished to p ro tec t the Texas f r o n t i e r s o l d i e r s from the fo r t ca r r i ed out campaigns aga ins t the Kiowas and Ccmanches in 1870-75. Ju ly 4, 1961.

A key post in U. S. Army f o r t i f i c a t i o n s in West Texas, e s t ab l i shed t o guard the San Antonio-El Paso road. I t rose t o peak s t reng th between 1879 and 1885. December 19, 1960. (Now within the National Park System as Fort Davis National Hi s to r i c S i t e . )

FORT RICHARDSON South of Jacksboro on U.S. 281 Jack County 1867

FORT SAM HOUSTON San Antonio, Bexar County 1876-present

GARNER (JOHN NANCE) HOUSE 333 N. Park S t r e e t Uvalde, Uvalde County Early 20th century; Atlee Ayers

GOVERNOR'S MANSION 1010 Colorado S t r e e t Aust in, Travis County 1856; Abner Cook

Important m i l i t a r y post on the southwest f r o n t i e r during the Indian campaigns, p a r t i c u l a r l y the Red River War of 1874. November 27, 1963.

The U.S. Array's p r inc ipa l supply base in the Southwest. Supplied the "Rough Riders" in 1898 and Persh ing ' s Mexican campaign in 1916. Experiments with the Wright biplane here led t o the e s t a b l i s h ment of the Signal Corps' av ia t ion s e c t i o n in 1914. May 15, 1975.

Residence (1920-57) of one of the most i n f l u e n t i a l U.S. Represen ta t ives . He served in the House from 1903 to 1933. As Speaker (1931-33), he led e f f o r t s t o combat the Depression in cooperation with Pres ident Hoover. He l o s t the Democratic P r e s i d e n t i a l nomination t o Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, and concluded h i s publ ic serv ice as Roosevel t ' s Vice Pres ident (1933-41). December 8, 1976.

Symmetrical Greek Revival res idence , used continuously by Governors s ince 1856. December 2, 1974.

HANGAR 9, BROOKS AIR FORCE BASE San Antonio, Bexar County 1918

Only surviving hangar of the U.S. Army Signal Corps Aviation Sect ion . Symbol i z e s the e a r l y Army e f f o r t t o c rea te an e f f ec t ive a i r force . December 8, 1976.

254

Texas

HARRELL SITE 1 mile north of South Bend Young County c. 1300-1600

J A RANCH Palo Duro Canyon Palo Duro vicinity Armstrong County 1879-89

JOHNSON (LYNDON BAINES) BOYHOOD HOME

9th Street Johnson City, Blanco County 1901

KING RANCH Kenedy, Kleberg, Nueces, and Willacy Counties

1852

Type site, on the Brazos River, of the southernmost Plains village agricultural complex. Possibly represents a group ancestral to Wichita tribes. July 19, 1964.

Charles Goodnight, manager of J A Ranch (1879-89), a pioneer cattleman, and the first rancher in the Texas Panhandle, is recognized for his scientific cattle breeding. December 19, 1960.

This was the family home of the 36th President of the United States from 1913 1920 and again from 1922 to 1930. A small 1-story frame house. May 23, 1966. (Now within the Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park in the National Park System.)

Founded by Richard King on what was a 75,000-acre Spanish land g r a n t . Now the l a rge s t ranch in the na t ion , covering more than a mi l l ion a c r e s . November 5, 1961.

LANDERGIN MESA Vega v i c i n i t y , Oldham County c . 1300-1450

LUBBOCK LAKE SITE Off U.S. 84 Lubbock, Lubbock County c . 9000 BC-present

LUCAS GUSHER, SPINDLETOP OIL FIELD 3 miles south of Beaumont on

Spindletop Avenue Jef ferson County 1901

Panhandle-culture ruin cons i s t ing of a s e r i e s of bui ld ings atop a s teep-s ided mesa on the e a s t s ide of East Alamosa Creek. One of the l a r g e s t , bes t s t r a t i f i ed , l e a s t damaged, and most spectacul a r l y located ru ins of Panhandle c u l t u r e . Ju ly 19, 1964.

Excavations a t the s i t e in Yellow House Canyon have revealed a s t r a t i f i e d sequence of human hab i t a t i on spanning 11,000-12,000 years and providinq e v i dence for occupation during the Clevis , Folsom, Plainview, Late Paleo-Indian, Archaic, Ceramic, and h i s t o r i c pe r iods . December 22, 1977.

Tapping of Spindletop opened the coas t a l p la in t o commercial development and marked the beginning of the modern p e t r o leum indust ry in Texas. November 13, 1966.

255

Texas

MISSION CONCEPCION 807 Mission Road San Antonio, Bexar County 1731-35

Best preserved of the Texas missions, founded by Franciscan friars. Massive church building is designed in Mexican Baroque style, with twin bell towers. April 15, 1970. (Included in San Antonio Missions National Historical Park.)

PALO ALTO BATTLEFIELD 6 miles north of Brownsville on Farm Road 511

Cameron County 1846

Site of first of two important Mexican-American War battles fought on American soil. Gen. Zachary Taylor's victory here made invasion of Mexico possible. December 19, 1960. (Became Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Site in 1978.)

PLAINVIEW SITE 0.5 miles west of junction of

U.S. 70 and 87 Plainview, Hale County c. 7000 BC

Excavations at this site demonstrated the antiquity of a type of spear point commonly found throughout the Plains region. January 20, 1961.

PORTER FARM 2 miles north of T e r r e l l on Farm Road 986

Kaufman County 1903

The first cooperative farm demonstration was held here in 1903. This event contributed to the development of the Agricultural Extension Service. July 19, 1964.

PRESIDIO NUESTRA SENORA DE ITJRETO DE LA BAHIA

1 mile south of Goliad State Park on U.S. 183

Goliad County 1749

Spanish soldiers were garrisoned here to protect nearby missions. This post later played an important role in Mexican revolutionary efforts against Spain. December 24, 1967.

PuAYBURN (SAMUEL T.) HOUSE Vicinity of U.S. 82 Bonham, Fannin County 1904

RESACA DE LA PALMA BATTLEFIELD North edge of Brownsville on

Parades Line Road Cameron County 1846

"Mr. Sam" served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1913 until his death in 1961, and as Speaker (1940-47, 1949-53, 1955-61) twice as long as any other individual to hold that office. His astute political sense preserved the delicate balance between factions of the Democratic Party. May 11, 1976.

Battle involving forces of Gen. Zachary Taylor and the Mexican Army, begun at Palo Alto, continued here the next day. The defeated Mexicans retreated across the Rio Grande. December 19, 1960.

SAN JACINTO BATTLEFIELD 22 miles e a s t of Houston on

Texas 134 Har r i s County 1836

Gen. Sam Houston's forces won the d e c i sive engagement of the Texas Revolution he re . (Now San Jac in to Battleground S ta te Park.) December 19, 1960.

256

Texas

SPACE ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION LABORATORY

Lyndon B. Johnson Space Flight Center

Houston, Harr is County 1965-present; National Aeronautics


Designed, b u i l t , and used for thermal-vacuum t e s t i n g for a l l U. S. manned spacecraf t of the Apollo program e r a . Fu l l - s ca l e f l i g h t hardware could be t e s t ed here in ways t h a t were e s s e n t i a l for the sa fe ty of as t ronau ts and the success of the space program. October 3 , 1985.

SPANISH GOVERNOR'S PALACE 105 Military Plaza San Antonio, Bexar County c. 1749

Only remaining example in Texas of an a r i s t o c r a t i c 18th-century Spanish r e s i dence. Or ig ina l ly intended as the residence of the commanding o f f i ce r of the p r e s i d i o . April 15, 1970.

SPINDIJ3TOP OIL FIELD, LUCAS GUSHER See LUCAS GUSHER . . .

STRAND HISTORIC DISTRICT Galveston, Galveston County 1850s-1900

TEXAS STATE CAPITOL Congress Avenue and 11th S t r e e t Aust in , Travis County 1882-1888; E l i j ah E. Myers

A business d i s t r i c t t h a t developed from the por t a c t i v i t i e s , c rea t ing a group of important 19th-century ccmnercial s t r u c t u r e s . May 11 , 1976.

Represents the highwater mark in the career of the a r c h i t e c t , E l i j ah E. Myers, who i s described by a r c h i t e c t u r a l h i s t o r ians as "the g r e a t e s t c a p i t o l - b u i l d e r of the Gilded Age." I t i s one of the l a r ges t c a p i t o l s t r u c t u r e s in the U.S. and r e f l e c t s the popular i ty of t the na t iona l c a p i t o l in Washington, DC, as the p r o t o type for s t a t e cap i t o l bu i ld ings in the pos t -C iv i l War e r a . June 23, 1986.

USS TEXAS San Jacinto Battleground State Park 22 miles east of Houston on Texas

134 Harris County 1914

Only ex tan t New York c l a s s warship and only surviving b a t t l e s h i p having r e c i p r o ca t ing steam engines . Served in both World Wars, including the D-Day invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944. December 8, 1976.

WCODLAND Avenue L Huntsville, Walker County c . 1847

Sam Houston led the Texas Army to v i c tory a t San J a c i n t o , was Pres ident of the Republic of Texas (1836-38, 1841-44), and then represented the new S ta te in the U.S. Senate (1846-59). His l a s t publ ic post was as Governor (1859-61). In the l a t t e r year , he was removed from off ice for refusing to support Texas' secession from the Union. Woodland, a t yp ica l Texas h i l l - c o u n t r y cot tage of clapboard over logs , was h i s residence from 1847 to 1859. May 30, 1974.

257

UTAH (11)

ALKALI RIDGE 25 miles southeast of Monticello

on secondary road, 10 miles ea s t of Recapture Creek on Utah 47

San Juan County c . 400-1300

BINGHAM CANYON OPEN PIT COPPER MINE

16 miles southwest of Salt Lake City on Utah 48

Salt Lake County 1904

A series of 13 habitation sites along Alkali Mesa. Excavations helped clarify the development of Anasazi Culture in the San Juan drainage, by defining the Pueblo II period (c. 900-1100). Local development from Basketmaker III (400-700) through Pueblo III (1100-1300) periods was shown to be a continuous growth influenced by neighboring peoples. July 19, 1964.

First open pit copper mine in the world, and the largest. Continues to yield a high percentage of all American copper. November 13, 1966.

BRYCE CANYON LODGE AND DELUXjE CABINS

Bryce Canyon National Park Garfield County 1925-present; Gilbert Stanley Underwood

CITY HALL (OLD) , SALT LAKE CITY

Excellent examples of the type of a rch i tec ture encouraged by the National Park Service and b u i l t by the r a i l r o a d s . These are the best of what remains of the e n t i r e Bryce Ilodge Complex. They were a pa r t of the Union Pacif ic/Utah Parks System tha t included concession developments a t o ther National Parks . May 28, 1987.

See OLD CITY HALL

DANGER CAVE 1 mile e a s t of Wendover on U.S. 40 Tooele County c. 9500 BC-c. 500 AD

DESOLATION CANYON Carbon, Emery, Grand, and Uintah

Counties 1869

Results of excavat ions a t t h i s s i t e formed the bas i s for d e f i n i t i o n of a long-l ived "Desert Cul ture" which e x i s ted in the Great Basin a r ea . E a r l i e s t cave stratum ( c . 9500-9000 BC) i s charact e r i zed by crude chipped stone a r t i f a c t s ; Zone I I ( c . 8000-7000 BC) by mi l l i ng s tones , basket ry , and notched p r o j e c t i l e po in t s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of the Desert Cul ture ; and Zones I I I , IV, and V (c . 7000 BC-500 AD) by ma te r i a l s showing an e labora t ion of the same c u l t u r e . January 20, 1961.

John Wesley Powell, n a t u r a l i s t and exp lo re r , led a Smithsonian expedi t ion down the Colorado River to the previously unexplored canyon, giving names t o the na tu ra l fea tures along the way. November 24, 1968.

258

Utah

EMIGRATION CANYON East edge of Salt Lake City on Utah 65

Salt Lake County 1847

FORT DOUGLAS Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County 1864-1931

Forms the natural passage through the Wasatch Mountains to Salt Lake Valley traversed by Brigham Young and his Mormon followers on the last leg of their journey from the Missouri Valley. January 20, 1961.

Established on a site occupied by the army stationed here to maintain Federal authority in the Mormon territory in the late 1850s and 1860s. May 15, 1975.

LION HOUSE See YOUNG HOUSE

OLD CITY HALL State Street Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County 1864-66

SALT LAKE CITY (OLD) CITY HALL

Municipal building and Utah Territorial Capitol until 1894. A focal point for confrontations between Federal officials and Mormon leaders. May 15, 1975.

See OLD CITY HALL

SMOOT (REED 0.) HOUSE 183 E. 100 South Provo, Utah County 1892

TEMPLE SCUARE Sa l t Lake Ci ty , Sa l t Lake County 1853-93 (Temple), Truman 0 . Angell :

1862-67 (Tabernacle) , 1882 (Assembly), William Folsom

YOUNG (BRIGHAM) HOUSE (Lion House) 63 S. Temple S t r ee t Sa l t Lake Ci ty , Sa l t Lake County 1856; Truman 0 . Angell and

William Ward

Snoot ' s residence from 1892 u n t i l h i s death in 1941. Smoot, a U.S. Senator 1903-33), was a staunch advocate of p ro tec t ive t a r i f f s . The Hawley-Smoot Tar i f f (1930) ra i sed import du t i e s to an a l l - t i n e high and invi ted r e t a l i a t i o n by o ther n a t i o n s , ac t ions which most schola rs bel ieve exacerbated the Great Depression. December 8, 1976.

Symbolizes the strong c u l t u r a l and r e l i g ious i nd iv idua l i t y of the Church of Jesus Chr i s t of Latter-Day Sa in t s (Mormons). The Tabernacle ' s unsuc-ported domed roof i s one of the l a rge s t in the world. January 29, 1964.

Home of Brigham Young, successor t o Joseph Smith as the leader of the Mormons, unt i l h i s death in 1877. January 28, 1964.

259

VERMONT (9)

COOLIDGE (CALVIN) HOMESTEAD Off Vermont 100A Plymouth Notch, Windsor County 1876

FROST (ROBERT) FARM (Homer Noble Farm)

3 miles e a s t of Ripton Addison County 1940

FROST (ROBERT) FARM (The Gully) J u s t e a s t of U.S. 7 on Buck Hi l l

Road S. Shaftsbury, Bennington County 1790

In 1923 Cool idge 's f a the r , a j u s t i c e of the peace, administered the P r e s i d e n t i a l oath t o h i s son in t h i s frame house (which had been the family home since 1876) a f t e r word of Pres ident Harding's death was received. The proper ty i s a State-owned h i s t o r i c s i t e . June 23, 1965.

A d i s t ingu ished 20th-century poet and winner of four P u l i t z e r P r i z e s , Frost l ived and wrote a t t h i s farm in the summer and f a l l months from 1940 u n t i l h i s death in 1963. May 23, 1968.

DE-DESIGNATED: March 5, 1986. (Or ig inal ly designated May 23, 1968.)

THE GULLY

MARSH (GEORGE PERKINS) BOYHOOD HOME

54 Elm Street Woodstock, Windsor County 1805-07; 1885, Henry Hudson Holly

MORRILL (JUSTIN S.) HOMESTEAD South of the Common Strafford, Orange County 1848-1851; Justin S. Morrill

MOUNT INDEPENDENCE Northwest of Orwell Addison County 1776

See FROST (ROBERT) FARM

Marsh, a lawyer, philologist, and diplomat, made a significant contribution to the conservation movement in America with his writings, especially Man and Nature (1864). He served as Minister to Italy from 1860 until his death in 1882. June 11, 1967.

Morrill was responsible for the Morrill Acts (1862, 1890), which provided for land grant colleges. He designed this Gothic Revival house and retained ownership while in the Congress as a Representative (1855-67) and Senator (1867-98), and until his death. September 22, 1960.

This site, on Lake Champlain opposite Fort Ticonderoga, was fortified by Colonial troops in 1776 to prevent the British from penetrating to the Hudson River through the Champlain Valley. November 28, 1972.

NOBLE FARM See FROST FARM

260

Vermont

ROBBINS AND LAWRENCE ARMORY AND MACHINE SHOP

S. Main Street Windsor, Windsor County 1846

Shop employees made significant improvements in the design and production of machine tools in the 1840s. Their efforts helped to accelerate the Industrial Revolution in America. November 13, 1966.

STATEHOUSE See VERMONT STATEHOUSE

TICCKDEROGA Shelburne Museum Shelburne, Chittenden County 1906

VERMONT STATEHOUSE Sta t e S t r e e t Montpelier, Washington County 1833-38, Ammi B. Young; 1859

Only ex tan t and b a s i c a l l y unchanged side-paddle-wheel lakeboat in the United S t a t e s . Used as a Lake Champlain excursion boat from 1906 to 1953. January 28, 1964.

Probably the l e a s t - a l t e r e d example of a noted a r c h i t e c t ' s monumentally-scaled publ ic bui ld ing in the Greek Revival s t y l e . Though the timber i n t e r i o r was damaged by f i r e in 1857, the g ran i t e e x t e r i o r wal ls and Doric p o r t i c o survived, and i n t e r i o r recons t ruc t ion genera l ly followed o r i g i n a l p l a n s . December 30, 1970.

WIIiARD (EMMA) HOUSE 131 S. Main S t r e e t Middlebury, Addison County 1809

Two-story brick s t r u c t u r e , now used as the admissions off ice for Middlebury College, which was known as the Middlebury Female Seminary when i t was founded in 1814 by Emma Wil lard, pioneer in the movement for female educat ion. December 21 , 1965.

261

VIRGINIA (100)

ALEXANDRIA HISTORIC DISTRICT Alexandria c i t y Mid-18th cen tu ry -c . 1861

ANDERSON (SHERWOOD) SUMMER HOME

From the mid-18th century u n t i l the Civ i l War, Alexandria was the p r inc ipa l seaport and the commercial cen te r of northern V i rg in i a . The D i s t r i c t conta ins s i g n i f i can t examples of Colonial and Federal a r c h i t e c t u r e . November 13, 1966.

See RIPSHIN FARM

BACON'S CASTLE Bacon's C a s t l e , Surry County c. 1655

Supporters of rebel Nathaniel Bacon seized and fortified this house in 1676. Among the earliest of the Virginia cross-plan houses, it is also distinguished by its curvilinear gables and 2-end chimney units of three stacks each. October 9, 1960.

BALL'S BLUFF BATTLEFIELD AND NATIONAL CEMETERY

Vicinity of Leesburg Loudoun County 1861 (battle), 1865 (establishment of the National Cemetery)

BANNEKER (BENJAMIN) SW-9 INTERMEDIATE BOUNDARY STONE

18th and Van Buren Streets Arlington County 1792

BARRACKS, VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE

North edge of Lexington on U.S. 11 Lexington city Mid-19th century

Site of a Union defeat in 1861 that led Congress to create a Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, the first exercise of Congressional authority to oversee and investigate operations of the Federal Executive Branch. April 27, 1984.

This boundary stone commemorates the accomplishments of Benjamin Banneker, a gifted mathematician, who helped survey the District of Columbia and who was, at that time, perhaps the most famous Black man in America. May 11, 1976.

A Gothic style building, notable among the buildings on the campus of VMI. Formally organized in 1839, VMI has a long tradition of training military leaders. Part of the original barracks wall, from a structure which burned in June, 1864, has been incorporated into the present cadet barracks. December 21, 1965.

BELLE GROVE

BELMONT

See CEDAR CREEK BATTLEFIELD ...

See MELCHERS HOME

262

Virgin ia

BERKELEY South s ide of Virginia 5, about 8

miles west of Charles City Court House

Charles City County 1726

This rec tangular 2-1 /2-s tory Georgian house was the b i r thp lace and l i f e long home of Benjamin Harrison V, a member of the Continental Congress (1774-78), a s igner of the Declarat ion of Independenoe, and Governor of Virginia (1782-84). I t was a l so the b i r thp lace and boyhood home of h i s son, Pres ident William Henry Harr ison. November 11, 1971.

BERRY HILL 1.5 miles south of intersection of Va. 659 and 682

South Boston vicinity Halifax County c. 1839

Two-story, stuccoed, Greek Revival mansion, with an impressive Greek Doric octastyle portico across the front, and two service pavilions with porticoes echoing that of the main house. Regarded as an excellent representation of domestic Greek Revival architecture in the U.S. November 11, 1971.

BOUNDARY STONE OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

See BANNEKER SW-9 INTERMEDIATE BOUNDARY STONE

BRANDON West bank of James River at the end of Va. 611

Brandon vicinity Prince George County c. 1720, completed c. 1765-70

BREMO HISTORIC DISTRICT 1 mile north of intersection of Virginia 15 and 656

Bremo Bluff vicinity Fluvanna County Early 19th century

BRUTON PARISH CHURCH Duke of Gloucester Street Williamsburg city 1712-15; Alexander Spotswcod

A plantation with many acres of farmland, woodland, and gardens. The main house is an excellent example of a brick plantation house in a variant of the English Palladian style, differing from early and middle-Georgian houses in its extended, multiple part composition. April 15, 1970.

A group of 19th-century houses and farm buildings, significant as an architectural and social document. The main brick residence has Palladian architectural features popularized by Jefferson, whose advice was sought on the building plans. Two other main 19th-century buildings in the district are rare examples of Jacobean Revival style. November 11, 1971.

The earliest church in the British American colonies to reflect the infusion of English Renaissance style. Cruciform in style, with a steep gable roof and circular windows in the end walls. April 15, 1970.

263

Virginia

CAMDEN 0.5 mile north of intersection of Virginia 686 and U.S. 17

Port Royal vicinity Caroline County 1857-59; Norris G. Starkweather

A 2-s tory I t a l i a n v i l l a fea tur ing such 19th-century innovations as a c e n t r a l heating system, gas l i g h t s , ins ide t o i l e t s , and shower ba ths . The upper s tory of Camden's tower was destroyed by a Union gunboat in 1863. November 11, 1971.

CAPE HENRY LIGHTHOUSE Atlantic Avenue at U.S. 60 Virginia Beach 1792; John McCamb, Jr.

F i r s t l ighthouse t o be e rec ted by the Federal Government. The 90-foot-high stone tower was in constant use u n t i l 1881. January 29, 1964. (Administered as p a r t of Colonial National H i s to r i ca l Park.)

CARTER'S GROVE J u s t southeas t of i n t e r s e c t i o n

of U.S. 60 and Virg in ia 667 James City County Mid-18th century

An exce l l en t 5-part Georgian country house with a massive, 2 -1 /2-s tory r e c tangular main block, crowned by a h ip roof. The i n t e r i o r woodwork i s a fine example of work of the per iod. April 15, 1970.

CEDAR CREEK BATTLEFIELD AND BELLE GROVE

On 1-81 between Middletown and Strasburg

Frederick and Warren Counties October 1864

CHRIST CHURCH 3 miles south of Kilmarnock on

Vi rg in ia 3 Lancaster County 1732

Gen. P h i l i p Sheridan defeated Confederate General Jubal Early he re , climaxing the s t ruggle for the Shenandoah Val ley . Belle Grove, a 1-1/2-story stone house b u i l t by James Madison's b ro ther - in - law in 1790, served as Sher idan ' s headquart e r s . August 11 , 1969.

A s i g n i f i c a n t example of B r i t i s h Colon i a l e c c l e s i a s t i c a l a r c h i t e c t u r e , w e l l -preserved in p lan , e x t e r i o r des ign , and furn i sh ings . May 30, 1961.

CHRIST CHURCH Southeast corner of Cameron

and Columbus S t r e e t s Alexandria c i t y 1767-73; James Wren

A l i t t l e - a l t e r e d , continuously used l a t e Georgian br ick church. The e a s t wall i s h ighl ighted by a 2 - t i e r Pal ladian window. The i n t e r i o r wooden g a l l e r i e s were added about 1785. Apri l 15, 1970.

CITY HALL (OLD) , RICHMOND

COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY, WREN BUILDING

See OLD CITY HALL

See WREN BUILDING

CONFEDERATE CAPITOL (Virginia S ta te Capitol)

Capi to l Square, Richmond c i t y 1785-92; Thomas Jefferson and

Louis Cler isseau

A Greek Revival bu i ld ing , s t i l l the S ta te Cap i to l . The s t ruc tu r e was used as the Confederate Capi tol (1861-65). December 19, 1960.

264

Virg in ia

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BOUNDARY STONE

See BANNEKER SW-9 INTERMEDIATE BOUNDARY STONE

DOS PASSOS FARM See SPENCE'S POINT

DREW (CHARLES RICHARD) HOUSE 2505 S. 1st S t r e e t Arl ington County Date unknown

DRYDOCK NO. 1 Norfolk Naval Shipyard Portsmouth 1827-34

EGYPTIAN BUILDING Southwest corner , E. Marshall and

College S t r e e t s Richmond c i t y 1845; Thomas Stewart

EIGhT-FOOT HIGH SPEED TUNNEL (Eight-Foot Transonic Tunnel)

Lang ley Research Center Hampton c i t y 1936-56; National Advisory

Committee for Aeronautics

ELSING GREEN 2 miles southwest of intersection of Virginia 632 and 623

Tunstall vicinity, King William County

1758

From 1920 t o 1939 the home address of the noted black physician and teacher , who i s bes t remembered for h i s pioneer work in discovering means t o preserve blood plasma. May 11, 1976.

The shipyard, e s t ab l i shed in 1767, i s the o ldes t in the country. During the Civ i l War the Union f r iga te USS Merrimack was r e b u i l t by the Confederates in t h i s drydock, becoming the i ronclad CSS Vi rg in i a . November 11, 1971.

Oldest medical col lege bui lding in the South. An exo t i c e d i f i c e , considered by many to be the f i ne s t Egyptian Revival bui lding in the na t ion . November 11 , 1971.

S ign i f i can t as an example of the research f a c i l i t i e s crea ted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronaut ics , the parent agency of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis t ra t ion. A landmark in wind-tunnel design for the " s l o t t e d th roa t" design tha t made i t poss ible to obta in meaningful t e s t r e s u l t s in the t ransonic range. October 3 , 1985.

A 2-s to ry , U-shaped Georgian p l an ta t ion house, overlooking the Pamunkey River. Carter Braxton, for whom the s t r u c t u r e was b u i l t , resided here in 1760-67. Braxton i s bes t known for s igning the Declarat ion of Independence. Elsing Green i s the only surviving s t r u c t u r e associa ted with him. November 11, 1971.

EXCHANGE, THE 15-19 W. Bank S t r e e t Petersburg c i t y 1841

FIVE FORKS BATTLEFIELD 12 mi les west of Petersburg on

County Route 627 a t Church Road Dinwiddie County 1865

Bui l t for the d i sp lay and auction of tobacco and co t ton . A 2-s tory Greek Revival s t r u c t u r e , with a Doric po r t i co front ing pa r t of the entrance facade. November 11, 1971.

This b a t t l e insured success for Grant in h i s campaign to force Lee from the Richmond-Petersburg defenses . December 19, 1960.

265

Virgin ia

FORD (GERALD R. , JR.) HOUSE 514 Crown View Drive Alexandria c i t y 1955

Home of the 38th President of the United S t a t e s and h i s family from 1955 in to 1974, a period t h a t includes the major par t of Ford ' s long Congressional ca ree r , as well as h i s se rv ice as Vice Pres ident and the f i r s t 10 days a f t e r h i s assumpt ion of the Presidency following P r e s i dent Nixon's r e s igna t ion . December 17, 1985.

FORT MONROE Old Point Comfort Hampton c i t y 1819-34

FORT MYER HISTORIC DISTRICT Arl ington Boulevard (U.S. 50) , Arl ington County 20th century

FRANKLIN AND ARMFIELD OFFICE 1315 Duke S t r ee t Alexandria c i t y Early 19th century; Robert Young

FULL SCALE TUNNEL 30- BY 60-FOOT TUNNEL

Langley Research Center Hampton c i t y 1931-present; Smith J . DeFrance

Specta tors watched the b a t t l e between USS Monitor and CSS Virginia from the f o r t ' s ramparts in 1862, the f i r s t b a t t l e in h i s to ry between ironclad v e s s e l s . The fo r t continues to be an important m i l i t a ry i n s t a l l a t i o n . December 19, 1960.

S i te of the e a r l i e s t experiments in m i l i t a r y av i a t i on (1908). Since 1909 Quarters 1 on "General ' s Row" has been the home of the Chiefs of Staff of the U.S. Army. November 28, 1972.

The o f f i c e , from 1828 to 1836, of one of the South ' s l a rge s t s l ave - t r ad ing f i rms. June 2, 1978.

S ign i f i can t as an example of the research f a c i l i t i e s crea ted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, parent agency of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis t ra t ion. The f i r s t f u l l -sca le wind tunnel b u i l t by NACA, i t g r e a t l y cont r ibuted t o the design of an e n t i r e new generat ion of a i r c r a f t in the 1930s and 1940s. October 3, 1985.

GADSBY'S TAVERN 128 N. Royal S t r e e t Alexandria c i t y 1752, 1792

One of the bes t known of the 18th-century inns in the United S t a t e s , Gadsby's served as a meeting place for prominent l e ade r s . Washington rec ru i t ed men here in 1754 for the French and Indian War. November 4, 1963.

GIASGOW (ELLEN) HOUSE 1 W. Main S t r e e t Richmond c i t y 1841

P u l i t z e r Prize-winning nove l i s t Glasgow l ived here from 1887 u n t i l her death in 1945. Her books reveal much about Vir g i n i a soc ie ty from the 1850s through the 1940s. November 11, 1971.

266

Virginia

GLASS (CARTER) HOUSE 605 Clay Street Lynchburg, Lynchburg County 1827

GREEN SPRINGS HISTORIC DISTRICT Northeast of Zion Crossroads on U.S. 15

Louisa County 18th-19th centuries

GREENWAY COURT 1 mile south of White Post on Virginia 277

Clarke County 1762

The residence (1907-23) of one of the most i n f l u e n t i a l shapers of U.S. f inanc ia l po l icy in the f i r s t half of the 20th centu ry . Glass served in the U.S. House of Representat ives (1902-18), as Secre tary of the Treasury (1918-20), and as U.S. Senator (1920-46). He authored the Glass-Owen Act (1913), which es tab l i shed the Federal Reserve System. December 8, 1976.

Se t t l ed in the 1720s, the d i s t r i c t ' s farms were a major source of wheat in the mid-1800s. Flourishing h i s t o r i c e s t a t e s represent phases of Virg in ia a r ch i t e c tu r e from B r i t i s h Colonial times to the 1860s. May 30, 1974.

Estate of Lord Fairfax from 1751 to 1781. proprietor of a vast tract of land in Virginia, Fairfax employed George Washington as a surveyor. October 9, 1960.

GUNSTON HALL 15 miles south of Alexandria on Virginia 242

Fairfax County 1755-58; William Buckland

HAMPTON INSTITUTE Off U.S. 60, on the east side of

Hampton Creek Hampton city 1868

HANOVER COUNTY CCURTHOUSE On U.S. 301 Hanover, Hanover County 1735

HENRY (PATRICK) HOUSE

HOLLY KNOLL

Notable for its interior carved details and formal gardens, Gunston Hall was built for George Mason. Mason was a leading Revolutionary figure, author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), and member of the Constitutional Convention, whose refusal to sign the document without a Bill of Rights was vindicated by events. December 19, 1960.

Now a liberal arts college, the Institute was founded by the American Missionary Society in 1868 to offer vocational education to former slaves. Booker T. Washington, founder of Tuskegee Institute, was a graduate. May 30, 1974.

This Georgian courthouse has been used continuously since its erection. In 1763, Patrick Henry argued and won a case here, The Parson's Cause, involving religious liberty in the Colony. November 7, 1973.

See SCOTCHTCWN

See MCTON (ROBERT R.) HOUSE

267

Virgin ia

JACKSON WARD HISTORIC DISTRICT Richmond c i t y 19th-20th cen tu r i e s

A foremost Afro-American community and an e a r l y cen te r for Black soc ia l o rgan i za t ions and p ro tec t ive banking i n s t i t u t i o n s . (The Maggie L. Walker National H i s to r i c S i t e , a l so a National Hi s to r i c Landmark, i s within the d i s t r i c t . ) June 2, 1978.

JACKSON'S (STONEWALL) HEADQUARTERS 415 N. Braddock S t r e e t Winchester c i t y 1854

KENMORE 1201 Washington Avenue Fredericksburg city 1752

LEE CHAPEL, WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY

Lexington city c. 1866

Confederate Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, a leading military strategist and tactician, used this Gothic Revival house before the Shenandoah Valley Campaign (1862). May 28, 1967.

Built by Fielding Lewis, member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, for his bride Betty, George Washington's sister. The interior plasterwork at Kenmore is rare in 18th-century American houses. April 15, 1970.

A Victorian Gothic brick building, commemorating the years (1865-70), when Robert E. Lee served as president of the college (then Washington College). Lee is buried in a chapel vault. December 19, 1960.

LUNAR LANDING RESEARCH FACILITY Langley Research Center Hampton city 1965-72; National Aeronautics and Space Administration

MCCORMICK (CYRUS) FARM AND WORKSHOP

South of Staunton on U.S. 11 and County Route 606 at Walnut Grove

Rockbridge County 1822

Used to prepare U. S. astronauts to land on the moon. Employed a mock Lunar Excursion Module attached to a fixed facility. The experience gained showed astronauts could master skills needed to land the LEM on the moon. October 3, 1985.

McCormick's invention of the mechanical reaper in 1834 helped revolutionize agriculture. Both his workshop and farmhouse have been preserved. July 19, 1964.

MADISON HOUSE See MCNTPELIER

MAIN STREET STATION AND TRAINSHED

1520 E. Main S t r ee t Richmond c i t y 1900-01

The Main S t r e e t S ta t ion i s an example of the Beaux-Arts influence on American bu i ld ing , while the t r a inshed , one of the l a s t gable-roofed t ra insheds in America, i s s i g n i f i c a n t in the h i s t o r y of American engineer ing . December 8, 1976.

268

Virginia

MARLBOURNE (Edmund Ruffin P lan ta t ion)

11 miles nor theas t of Richmond on U.S. 360

Hanover County 1843

MARSHALL (JOHN) HOUSE 9th and Marshall S t r e e t s Richmond c i t y 1790

MELCHERS (GARI) HOME (Belmont) Falmouth, Stafford County 1761

Ruffin, an opponent of the s o i l - d e p l e t i n g a g r i c u l t u r a l system of the ante-bellum South, used h i s p l an ta t ion as a laboratory for a g r i c u l t u r a l experiments . An ardent p r o - s e c e s s i o n i s t , he f i r ed the f i r s t shot aga ins t Fort Sumter from Morris Is land in Charleston, S.C. , in 1861. After the col lapse of the Confederacy , he took h i s own l i f e a t Marlbourne. Ju ly 19, 1964.

After br ief service as Secre tary of S ta te (1800-01), John Marshall became Chief J u s t i c e of the U.S. Supreme Court, in which off ice he remained u n t i l h i s death in 1835. He owned t h i s house throughout h i s publ ic ca ree r . December 19, 1960.

Melchers, a d is t inguished landscape and p o r t r a i t p a i n t e r , l ived here from 1916 unt i l h i s death in 1932. December 21, 1965.

MENOKIN About 4 miles northwest

of Warsaw Richmond County c. 1769

Bui l t for Rebecca Tayloe Lee and her husband, Francis Lightfoot Lee, t h i s 2-s to ry s t r u c t u r e i s of stuccoed loca l s tone . The couple resided here u n t i l t h e i r deaths in 1797. Francis Lightfoot Lee served in the Continental Congress (1775-79) and signed the Declarat ion of Independence and A r t i c l e s of Confederat i o n . November 11 , 1971.

MITCHELL (GEN. WILLIAM "BILLY") HOUSE

Virg in ia 626, 0.5 mile south of Middleburg

Loudoun and Fauquier Counties 1826, 1925 (wing)

Residence, from 1926 u n t i l h i s death in 1936, of the dominant f igure in American av ia t ion between the World Wars. Mitchell foresaw the s t r a t e g i c value of a i r power. His advocacy of h i s ideas led to h i s 1925 c o u r t - m a r t i a l . December 8, 1976.

MONROE (JAMES) HOUSE See OAK HILL

MONROE (JAMES) LAW OFFICE 908 Charles Street Fredericksburg city 1758

Future President Monroe used this structure as a law office in 1786-89, after studying law with Thomas Jefferson. November 13, 1966.

269

Virginia

MONROE (JAMES) TOMB Hollywood Cemetery 412 S. Cherry Street Richmond city 1859; Albert Lybrock, cast by Wood and Perot

MONTICELLO 2 miles south of Charlottesville on Virginia 53

Albemarle County 1770-89; Thomas Jefferson

MONTPELIER (James Madison House) 4 miles west of Orange on Virginia 20

Orange County c. 1760

MONUMENTAL CHURCH 1224 E. Broad Street Richmond city 1812-14; Robert Mills

MOTON (ROBERT R.) HOUSE (Holly Knoll)

Capahosic, Gloucester County 1935

MOUNT AIRY 1 mile west of Warsaw on U.S. 360 Richmond County 1758-62; John Ariss

Gothic Revival in s t y l e and s i g n i f i c a n t for the execution of i t s flamboyant and d e l i c a t e t r ace ry in ca s t i ron . The tomb i s a cage over the simple g ran i t e sa rcophagus of the former Pres iden t , who died and was buried in New York City in 1831 but was removed to Virg in ia in 1858. November 11 , 1971.

Jefferson spent h i s adul t l i f e perfec t ing h i s mansion. In i t , he combined elements of Roman, Pa l l ad ian , and 18th-century French design with fea tures expressing h i s personal invent iveness . December 19, 1960.

Madison, Fourth Pres ident of the United S t a t e s , was dubbed the "Father of the Cons t i t u t ion , " for h i s pre-eminent role in the Cons t i tu t iona l Convention. He l ived here for 76 yea r s , and i s buried here with h i s wife . December 19, 1960.

Erected on the s i t e of a t hea t e r de s troyed in 1811 by f i r e . Designed t o serve both as an Episcopal pa r i sh church and as a monument to those who died in the f i r e , i t i s one of America's e a r l i e s t and most d i s t i n c t i ve Greek Revival churches. November 11 , 1971.

From 1935 to 1959, the re t i rement home of Robert R. Moton, who succeeded Booker T. Washington in 1915 as head of Tuskegee I n s t i t u t e and guided the s choo l ' s growth u n t i l 1930. Moton was an i n f l u e n t i a l Black educator and ac t ive in many Afro-American causes . He received the Harmon Award in Race Relat ions in 1930 and the Spingarn Medal in 1932. December 21 , 1981.

One of the few major 18th-century Virg in ia p l a n t a t i o n houses b u i l t of s tone . Done in the Pal ladian s t y l e , with an abundance of stonework d e t a i l . October 9, 1960.

270

Virginia

MOUNT VERNON 7 miles south of Alexandria at the southern terminus of the George Washington Memorial Parkway

Fairfax County c. 1743; 1757-58, enlarged and

rebuilt by George Washington

OAK HILL (James Monroe House) 8 miles south of Leesburg on U.S. 15

Loudoun County 1820-23; James Hoban

The long- t ine hone of George Washington, Ccmmander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary forces and 1st Pres ident of the United S t a t e s (1789-97). Mount Vernon i s a 2-1/2-story frame Georgian house facing the Potomac River. Washington returned to Mount Vernon a f t e r h i s term as Pres ident , and l ived here in re t i rement u n t i l h i s death in 1799. Cecember 19, 1960.

Pres ident of the U.S. (1817-25), Monroe owned Oak H i l l u n t i l 1830, the year before h i s dea th . He f i r s t out l ined the Monroe Doctrine in a l e t t e r wr i t t en here . Oak H i l l i s a 2-s tory gable-roofed brick house with a s t r i k i n g south p o r t i c o . December 19, 1960.

OATLANDS 1 mile south of intersection of U.S. 15 and Virginia 651

Leesburg vicinity, Loudoun County 1800; George Carter

OLD CITY HALL Bounded by 10th, Broad, 11th,

and Capi tol S t r e e t s Richmond c i t y 1887-94; E l i j ah E. Myers

Notable Fede ra l - s ty l e mansion, designed by i t s builder-owner. Of b r i ck , covered with s tucco , and l a id out in a 5-part p l an . The extensive formal gardens were added a f t e r 1803. November 11 , 1971.

A prime example of the High Vic tor ian Gothic s t y l e for the s o l i d i t y and rough-hewn q u a l i t y and the v a r i e t y of ornament a l gab les , dormers, and f i n i a l s of i t s facade. Richmond's f i r s t major pos t -Civi l War s t r u c t u r e . November 11, 1971.

PATOWMACK CANAL See PCTTOMAC CANAL

PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY COURTHOUSE U . S . B u s i n e s s Route 29 Chatham, P i t t s y l v a n i a County 1853; L.A. Shumaker

POPLAR FOREST 1/2 mile south of i n t e r s e c t i o n of

Vi rg in ia 661 and U.S. 460 Lynchburg v i c i n i t y , Bedford County 1808-1819; Thomas Jefferson

Associated with the case of Ex pa r te Virginia (1878), which concerned the denia l t o Black Americans of p a r t i c i p a t ion on j u r i e s . I t involved a c l e a r attempt by a s t a t e o f f i c i a l t o deny c i t i zens within h i s j u r i s d i c t i o n the equal p ro tec t ion of the laws guaranteed by the 14th Anendment to the Cons t i tu t ion . This case showed t h a t the Federal government now had a q u a l i f i e d , but p o t e n t i a l l y e f f e c t i v e , power to p ro tec t the r i g h t s of minori ty groups. May 4, 1987.

Bui l t by Jef ferson as a country r e t r e a t . A br ick 1-story bu i ld ing , octagonal in shape. November 11 , 1971.

271

Virg in ia

KTrOMAC CANAL HISTORIC DISTRICT Great F a l l s Park, Fairfax County 1786-1830

QUARTERS 1 Grant Avenue, Fort Myer just off U.S. 50, Arlington County 1899

RANDOLPH (PEYTON) HOUSE Intersection of Nicholson and N. England Streets

Williamsburg city 1715, 1724 (east end)

RANDOLPH (VIRGINIA) COTTAGE 2200 Mountain Road, Glen Allen Henrico County 1937

Consists of the remains of an impressively engineered canal built (1786-1802) beside the falls of the Potomac near Washington, D.C.; ruins of Matildaville, a town which grew up during the canal's operation; and sites of small industrial structures that utilized the canal's water power. The interstate negotiations that led to its building helped spur the Constitutional Convention. December 17, 1982. (Administered as part of Great Falls Park in the National Park System.)

One of six large residences on "General's Row," Quarters 1 has been the residence of all Chiefs of Staff of the U.S. Army since 1910. Occupants have included Douglas MacArthur and Dwight D. Eisenhower. November 28, 1972.

A rectangular, 2-story, early Georgian frame house, erected in three stages. The main rooms contain fine paneling. Randolph was the 1st President of the Continental Congress (1774). April 15, 1970.

Under the Jeanes Fund, set up by a wealthy Philadelphia Quaker to aid Black education, Virginia Randolph became the first Jeanes supervisor, working to upgrade Black vocational training. December 2, 1974.

RENDEZVOUS DOCKING SIMULATOR Langley Research Center Hampton city 1963-72; National Aeronautics and Space Administration

The only surviving trainer that Gemini and Apollo astronauts used to practice rendezvous and docking techniques critical to the success of the Lunar Orbit Rendezvous technique for a moon landing. October 3, 1985.

REYNOLDS HOMESTEAD On Virginia 798 Critz vicinity, Patrick County 1843

RICM40ND CITY HALL (OLD)

From 1850 to 1874, this property was the home of Richard Joshua Reynolds, the father of the modern cigarette. With "Camels," a brand introduced in 1913, the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company conquered a market and transformed an industry. December 22, 1977.

See OLD CITY HALL

2 2

Virginia

RIPSHIN FARM (Sherwood Anderson Summer Home)

North side of Virginia 732, just east of its intersection with Virginia 603

Trout Dale vicinity, Grayson County 1927; William Spratling

RISING SUN TAVERN 1306 Caroline Street Fredericksburg city 1760; Charles Washington

R0TUNDA, UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA Charlottesville city 1822-26, Thomas Jefferson;

1898, Stanford White

A r u s t i c s tone-and-log s t r u c t u r e , b u i l t for author Sherwood Anderson as a summer home and used by him u n t i l h i s death in in 1941. November 11 , 1971.

A frame bui lding b u i l t by the youngest bro ther of George Washington, the tavern was a meeting place for Southern leaders on t h e i r way to the Continental Congress in Ph i l ade lph ia . I t was a l so the scene of a Peace Bal l ce l eb ra t ing the v i c to ry a t Yorktown in 1781. January 29, 1964.

Regarded as one of a r c h i t e c t J e f f e r s o n ' s masterp ieces , the Rotunda dominates the un ive r s i t y he founded. The design was adapted from the Pantheon of ancient Rome. The Rotunda was l a rge ly recons t ruc ted a f t e r a f i r e in 1895. December 21 , 1965.

RUFFIN PLANTATION See MARLBOURNE

SABINE HALL 1-1/2 mi les south of i n t e r s e c t i o n

of Vi rg in ia 624 and U.S. 360 Warsaw v i c i n i t y , Richmond County c . 1730

ST. JOHN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH E. Broad S t r e e t between 24th

and 25th S t r e e t s Richmond c i t y 1740-41

ST. LUKE'S CHURCH Benn's Church, I s l e of Wight County 1682

SARATOGA 2/5 mile southeast of i n t e r s e c t i o n

of Vi rg in ia 723 and 617 Boyce v i c i n i t y , Clarke County 1779-1782

Bui l t by Landon Car te r , son of Robert "King" Car t e r , the Hall i s an e a r l y Georgian 2-s tory br ick mansion, noted for i t s fu l ly paneled c e n t r a l h a l l . Apri l 15, 1970.

On March 23, 1775, Pa t r ick Henry d e l i v ered h i s "Liber ty or Death" speech he re . Addressed to V i r g i n i a ' s General Assembly, i t moved the members t o put the colony in to a s t a t e of defense . January 20, 1961.

A 17th-century Virg in ia church, designed in the Gothic s t y l e of medieval English par i sh churches. October 9, 1960.

A gray limestone Georgian house, built by Brigadier Gen. Daniel Morgan, who is best known for his victory over the British at the Battle of Cowpens in South Carolina in 1781. November 7, 1973.

273

Virgin ia

SAYLER'S CREEK BATTLEFIELD Vic in i ty of Farmville and Burkevil le Amelia and Prince Edward Counties 1865

SCOTCHTOWN (Pat r ick Henry House) 10 miles northwest of Ashland on

Vi rg in ia 685 Hanover County 1719; Charles Chiswell

Actually three d i s t i n c t b a t t l e s , S a y l e r ' s Creek was the l a s t major engagement between the armies of Grant and Lee before c a p i t u l a t i o n a t Appomattox Court House. (Par t of the b a t t l e f i e l d i s now a S ta te park . ) February 4, 1985.

The Revolutionary leader and f i e ry o r a t o r l ived here from 1771 to 1777, during the years when he made h i s most famous speeches, and served in the Continental Congress and in h i s f i r s t term as Governor of V i r g i n i a . 1-1/2-story frame house with massive double center chimneys. December 21 , 1965.

SEMPLE (JAMES) HOUSE South side of Francis Street, between Blair and Walker Streets

Williamsburg city c. 1770

SHERWOOD FOREST

Believed to have been designed by Thomas Jefferson. An example of a Roman country house style adapted for a frame townhouse. President John Tyler resided here while attending grammar school and the College of William and Mary (1802-07); he was related to the Samples. April 15, 1970.

See TYLER (JOHN) HOUSE

SHIRLEY 1-1/2 miles west of i n t e r s e c t i o n

of Virg in ia 608 and 5 Hopewell v i c i n i t y Charles Ci ty County 1770

The house i s a l a r g e , 2 -1 /2-s tory brick Georgian bui lding with a double-hipped roof. Anne Hi l l Car te r , mother of Robert E. Lee, was born here in 1773. Apri l 15, 1970.

SPENCE'S POINT (John R. Dos Passes Farm)

On Sandy Point Neck, j u s t nor theas t of Vi rg in ia 610 on Vi rg in ia 749

Westmoreland County 1806, 1940s (addi t ion)

Simple Fede ra l - s ty l e 2-1 /2-s tory brick s t r u c t u r e . Author Dos Passos, who was a c t i v e l y involved with r ad ica l causes in the 1920s and 1930s, but became more conservat ive in h i s l a t e r yea r s , wrote h i s l a s t books a f t e r moving here in 1949. November 11, 1971.

STATE CAPITOL See CONFEDERATE CAPITOL

STRATFORD HALL 1 mile nor theas t of Lerty on

Virg in ia 214 Westmoreland County 1725-30

Notable example of e a r l y Georgian a r c h i t e c t u r e . H-shaped in p lan , S t ra t fo rd Hall was the family sea t of the Lee family, which included two s igne r s of the Declarat ion of Independence, Richard Henry and Francis Lightfoot Lee, and General Robert E. Lee, who were a l l born he re . October 7, 1960.

274

Virginia

THOROUGHGOOD (ADAM) HOUSE On the Lynnhaven River Virginia Beach c. 1636-40

THUNDERBIRD ARCHEOLOGICAL DISTRICT Warren County c. 9500-6500 BC

TREDEGAR IRON WORKS 500 Tredegar Street Richmond city 1841

One of the oldest houses in the British Colonies, built by a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses who arrived in the Colony as an indentured servant. October 9, 1960.

The district consists of three sites (Thunderbird Site, Fifty Site, and Fifty Bog) which show a stratified cultural sequence spanning Paleo-Indian cultures through the end of Early Archaic times. May 5, 1977.

The Tredegar Iron Works was one of the largest iron works in the United States from 1841 to 1865. During the Civil War the works supplied the South with a major share of the iron products that helped the Confederacy sustain 4 years of war. December 22, 1977.

TUCKAHOE On the James River, southeas t of

Manakin Goochland County c . 1712

TYLER (JOHN) HOUSE (Sherwood Forest) 4 miles e a s t of Charles City Court

House on Virg in ia 5 Charles City County 1780, 1842 (addi t ion)

As a boy, Thomas Jefferson spent the years 1745 to 1752 a t t h i s p l a n t a t i o n , where h i s fa ther was ac t ing as guardian for a r e l a t i v e . This 2-s tory e a r l y -Georgian frame house i s an outstanding example of an Hshaped s t r u c t u r e in the B r i t i s h Colonies. Has remarkably una l tered i n t e r i o r decorat ion and t r im, and a wel l -preserved complex of 8 ou tbu i ld ings nearby. August 11, 1969.

Tyler , who became Pres ident upon the death of William Henry Harrison in 1841, l ived here for the l a s t 17 years of h i s l i f e . (1845-62). Ju ly 4, 1961.

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HISTORIC DISTRICT

Bounded by Univers i ty and Jefferson Park Avenues and Hospital and McCormick Roads

C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e c i t y 19th-20th c e n t u r i e s ; Thomas

Jef ferson and Stanford White

The d i s t r i c t includes J e f f e r s o n ' s o r i g ina l "academical v i l l a g e " with i t s classrooms and q u a r t e r s , as well as the Rotunda (the focal point of J e f f e r s o n ' s design) and severa l bui ld ings added by White. J e f f e r s o n ' s b r i l l i a n t arrangement of the Univers i ty bui ld ings was in the European neo -c l a s s i ca l t r a d i t i o n of the per iod. This i s among the most beaut i fu l c o l l e g i a t e complexes in the world. November 11, 1971.

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA PXJTUNDA See ROTUNDA . . .

275

Virginia

VARIABLE DENSITY TUNNEL Langley Research Center Hampton city 1921-1940; Max Munk

The first research facility to establish the technical competence of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, parent agency of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The first wind tunnel in the world to use the principle of variable density air pressure to test scale model aircraft. October 3, 1985.

VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE BARRACKS

See BARRACKS ...

VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE HISTORIC DISTRICT

Lexington city 1839

VIRGINIA STATE CAPITOL

The f i r s t S t a t e - s u p p o r t e d m i l i t a r y c o l l e g e , o f t e n c a l l e d t h e "West P o i n t of t h e S o u t h . " P r o v i d e d l e a d e r s f o r t h e C o n f e d e r a t e Army, i n c l u d i n g " S t o n e w a l l " J a c k s o n , and f o r t h e two World Wars , i n c l u d i n g George C. M a r s h a l l . May 3 0 , 1 9 7 4 .

See CONFEDERATE CAPITOL

WALKER (MAGGIE LENA) HOUSE 1 1 0 - 1 / 2 E. Le igh S t r e e t Richmond c i t y c . 1909

In 1903 Maggie Lena W a l k e r , a B lack woman, founded t h e s u c c e s s f u l S a i n t Luke Penny S a v i n g s Bank, becoming t h e f i r s t woman t o e s t a b l i s h and head an American b a n k . T h i s rowhouse was h e r home. May 1 5 , 1975 . ( I n c l u d e d i n t h e N a t i o n a l Pa rk System a s Maggie L. Walker N a t i o n a l H i s t o r i c S i t e )

WASHINCTTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY, LEE CHAPEL

See LEE CHAPEL

WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY HISTORIC DISTRICT

L e x i n g t o n c i t y 1 9 t h c e n t u r y

The d i s t r i c t i s composed of a r c h i t e c t u r a l l y ha rmon ious and s p a t i a l l y r e l a t e d n e o c l a s s i c a l b u i l d i n g s t h a t form one of t h e mos t d i g n i f i e d c o l l e g e campuses i n t h e N a t i o n . November 1 1 , 1 9 7 1 .

WATERPORD HISTORIC DISTRICT Near t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of Main

and 2nd S t r e e t s W a t e r f o r d , Loudoun County 1 8 t h - 1 9 t h c e n t u r i e s

The o l d e s t s e t t l e m e n t i n Loudoun Coun ty , e s t a b l i s h e d by P e n n s y l v a n i a Q u a k e r s a b o u t 1730. W a t e r f o r d had a b o u t 300 s e t t l e r s by 1840 , housed i n G e o r g i a n b r i c k - a n d -frame r o w h o u s e s . A r a r e example of a l i t t l e - a l t e r e d e a r l y Anglo-Amer ican v i l l a g e . A p r i l 1 5 , 1970.

276

Virginia

WESTOVER 7 mi les west of Charles City Court

House on Virg in ia 5 Charles City County 1730-34

Ancestral sea t of the Byrd family in Vi rg in i a . The present s t a t e l y 2 -1 /2 -s to ry br ick mansion of e a r l y Georgian s ty l e notable for the q u a l i t y of i t s cons t r u c t i o n and for i t s completeness of des ign . I t was b u i l t by William Byrd I I (1674-1744) a p l a n t e r , publ ic o f f i c i a l , and author e s p e c i a l l y noted for h i s pos t humously published l e t t e r s and d i a r i e s . October 9, 1960.

WHITE HOUSE OF THE CONFEDERACY (Dr. John Brockenbrough House)

Clay and 12th S t r e e t s Richmond c i t y 1818; Robert Mil ls

During the 4-year period of Confederate President Jef ferson Davis' residence here , in the Confederate c a p i t a l , t h i s house served as the South 's Executive Mansion. December 19, 1960.

WICKHAM-VALENTINE HOUSE 1005 E. Clay S t r ee t Richmond c i t y 1812; Alexander Pa r r i s

Bui l t for noted c o n s t i t u t i o n a l lawyer John Wickham, who served as defense couns e l in Aaron Bur r ' s ce lebra ted t r i a l for t reason (1807). Used e a r l y in the 20th century by scu lp tor Edward V. Valent ine , who executed the f iqure of Robert E. Lee for the l a t t e r ' s mausoleum a t Washington and Lee Univers i ty . The house i s one of Richmond's f i n e s t Federal res idences , with a f ree-s tanding s p i r a l s t a i r c a s e in the h a l l . November 11, 1971.

WILLIAMSBURG HISTORIC DISTRICT Bounded by Franc i s , Waller,

Nicholson, New England, Lafaye t te , and Nassau S t r e e t s

Williamsburg c i t y 1633-1779

WILSON (WOODROW) BIRTHPLACE N. Coalter Street, between

Beverly and Frederick Streets Staunton city 1846

WREN BUILDING, COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY

Williamsburg city 1702

Capi ta l of Virg in ia (1699-1779) and the home of the College of William and Mary, char tered in 1693. Restorat ion of the d i s t r i c t , begun in 1927, has recreated the atmosphere of 18th-century Williamsburg. October 9, 1960.

Wilson, the 28th Pres ident , was born in t h i s 2-s tory Greek Revival br ick house l a t e in 1856. The s t r u c t u r e was then the parsonage of S taunton ' s F i r s t Presbyter ian Church, where Wilson's fa ther was serving as p a s t o r . The next year , the family l e f t for Augusta, Ga., where the Reverend Wilson had accepted a new p u l p i t . Ju ly 19, 1964.

The cornerstone for the Wren Building, the f i r s t bui lding of the second-oldest i n s t i t u t i o n of higher learning in the U.S . , was l a id in 1695, 2 years a f t e r the col lege was char t e red . Four s t o r i e s in he igh t , i t was one of the l a r g e s t bui ld ings erec ted in the Colonies up t o tha t t ime. October 9, 1960.

277

Virginia

WYTHE HOUSE West s ide of the Palace Green Williamsburg city c. 1755; Richard Taliaferro

One of V i r g i n i a ' s f i ne s t Georgian brick townhouses, with simple l i n e s and exce l len t brickwork. From 1755 to 1791, i t was the heme of George Wythe, s igner of the Declarat ion of Independence, mayor of Williamsburg, and f i r s t professor of law in an American col lege (William and Mary.) Apri l 15, 1970.

YEOCOMICO CHURCH 1/2 mile southwest of Tucker H i l l on Virginia 606

Westmoreland County Early 18th century

Laid out in an i r r e g u l a r T shape, t h i s br ick church ' s blend of medieval and c l a s s i c a l f ea tu res makes i t a s i g n i f i cant example of t r a n s i t i o n a l Colonial a r c h i t e c t u r e . April 15, 1970.

278

VIRGIN ISLANDS (2)

COLUMBUS LANDING SITE Salt River Bay Saint Croix Island 1493

Earliest site under the United States flag which is associated with Christopher Columbus. His crew's skirmish here with Carib Indians, on their second voyage to the New World, was the first recorded conflict between Europeans and Native Americans. October 9, 1960.

FORT CHRISTIAN Charlotte Amalie St. Thomas Island 1680

This fortification is the oldest extant structure in the Virgin Islands. It was the focal point of early Danish settlement, housing Governors and Lutheran ministers as well as providing protection for settlers. May 5, 1977.

279

Landmark includes World War I I - r e l a t e d resources on Peale , Wilkes, and Wake I s l ands , the three i s lands in the coral a t o l l t ha t makes up Wake. Wake became a symbol of hope for Americans when i t s defense force repulsed Japanese a t t a c k s s h o r t l y a f t e r Pear l Harbor. When Japanese forces captured Wake l a t e r , in December 1941, t h i s removed a t h r e a t to t h e i r l i n e of defense from Tokyo to the Marshall I s l ands . September 16, 1985.

280

WAKE ISLAND (1)

WAKE ISLAND Central Pac i f ic Ocean 1941-45

WASHIIKTION (13)

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK

See LONGMIRE BUILDINGS

AMERICAN AND ENGLISH CAMPS, SAN JUAN ISLAND

Friday Harbor vicinity San Juan County 1849-72

BONNEVILLE DAM HISTORIC DISTRICT

CHINOOK POINT Off U.S. 101 Chinook vicinity. Pacific County 1792

COMMUNITY BUILDING, MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK

Sites associated with the conflict about the water boundary between Vancouver Island B. C , and the U. S. Oregon Territory including the "Pig War of 1859," when hostilities almost began between Americans and the British. The 1871 Treaty of Washington provided for a peaceful settlement of this dispute. November 5, 1961. (Now within San Juan Island National Historical Park.)

See entry under Oregon listings.

Capt. Robert Grey's discovery of the Columbia River at Chinook Point gave the United States a strong claim to the Pacific Northwest; this claim was long disputed with Great Britain. July 4, 1961.


FORT NISQUALLY GRANARY Point Defiance Park Tacoma, Pierce County 1843

FORT WORDEN Cherry and W S t r e e t s Port Townsend vicinity Jefferson County 1890s-1921

IJONGMIRE BUILDINGS (Administration Building, Community Building, and Service Station)

Mount Rainier National Park Longmire, Pierce County 1927; Ernest A. Davidson

The fort was the first permanent Anglo-American settlement on Puget Sound, serving as a communications and supply center for trading posts. The fort's one story granary, of log construction, is the oldest frame structure in the State. April 15, 1970.

Fortifications which well illustrate the Endicott system of coastal defenses; an unaltered Endicott installation built on previously unfortified ground, making no concessions to older works. December 8, 1976.

Contributed substantially to the development of rustic architecture. The buildings were tied in with their awesome surroundings because the rounded glacial boulders and logs used in the construction were in proportion with the materials in the surrounding landscape, but were overscaled and larger than those used in construction. May 28, 1987.

281

Washington

MARMES ROCKSHELTER 1 mile north of Lyons Ferry Franklin County 11,000-2,000 BC.

PARADISE INN Mount Rainier National Park Pierce County 1916-present; Heath, Grove, and

Bell

PIONEER BUILDING, PERGOLA, AND TOTEM POLE

1st Avenue, Yesler Way, and Cherry S t r e e t

S e a t t l e , King County 1892; Elmer H. Fisher

The most outs tanding archeological s i t e yet discovered in the Northwest. Excavat ions a t the s i t e , on the west s ide of the Palouse River, have revealed the e a r l i e s t b u r i a l s in the Pac i f ic Northwest ( c . 5500-4500 BC) and poss ib ly the o ldes t human remains yet encountered in the Western Hemisphere ( c . 11,000-9,000 BC). The 8 s t r a t a a t the s i t e a l l contain c u l t u r a l m a t e r i a l s . Ju ly 19, 1964.

A r u s t i c hote l with furnishings in the lobby tha t have a hand-crafted a r t i s t r y and Gothic feel ing reminiscent of northern European woodwork. Bui l t on a smaller scale than the Old Fai thful Inn in Yellowstone National Park, i t was pa r t of one of the e a r l i e s t ski r e s o r t s in the United S t a t e s . May 28, 1987.

This complex i s a t the hear t of the commercial d i s t r i c t in old S e a t t l e . The Pioneer Building i s Richardsonian Romanesque in s t y l e . The Pergola i s cons t ructed of cas t i ron . May 5, 1977.

PORT GAMBLE HISTORIC DISTRICT Port Gamble, Kitsap County 1853

One of the e a r l i e s t and most important lumber-producing cen te r s on the Pac i f ic Coast. S t i l l a c t i v e , with a v a r i e t y of a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t y l e s , Port Gamble exemplif ies the mid-19th century company-owned town. November 13, 1966.

PORT TOWNS END Scott, Walker, Taft, and Blaine Streets and the waterfront

Port Townsend, Jefferson County Mid- and late 19th century

Once a customs station on Puget Sound, the town flourished in the 1880s, but collapsed in an 1889 land speculation debacle. The district contains many fine late 19th-century commercial and residential structures. May 5, 1977.

SAN JUAN ISLAND See AMERICAN AND ENGLISH CAMPS ...

SEATTLE ELECTRIC COMPANY GEORGETOWN STEAM PLANT

King County Airport, N.E. corner Seattle, King County 1906-08, 1917; Stone and

Webster Engineering, with Frank Gilbreth (consultant)

Reinforced concrete building houses the last operational examples of the Curtis vertical steam turbogenerator, the first type of large-scale steam turbine developed. This new technology established General Electric as a leader in the manufacture of steam turbines. The plant also exemplifies facets of the history of urban power use and development. July 5, 1984.

282

Washington

SERVICE STATION, MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK


YAKIMA PARK STOCKADE GROUP Mount Rainier National Park Sunrise (Yakima Park), Pierce County

1930-present; Ernest A. Davidson and A. Paul Brown

The nostalgic aspect of rustic architecture is seen here because of the frontier image of the log stockade and blockhouse. Uses a combination of natural materials in traditional forms to transport the visitor back to pioneer days when climbing the enormous peak in the background was considered impossible. May 28, 1987.

283

WEST VIRGINIA (5)

ELKINS COAX, AND COKE COMPANY HISTORIC DISTRICT

Bretz , Preston County 1906-19

GRAVE CREEK MOUND Tomlinson and 9th Streets Moundsville, Marshall County c. 500 BC

TRAVELLER'S REST On West Virginia 48 Kearneysville, Jefferson County 1773

WADE (ALEXANDER) HOUSE 256 Prairie Street Morgantown, Monongalia County 1860

This complex of structures is probably the nation's last operating beehive works for the manufacture of coke, an essential ingredient in the process of iron manufacture. May 4, 1983.

One of the largest and oldest mounds in the United States representative of the burial mound tradition of the Adena Culture which preceded the Hopewell Culture. July 19, 1964.

A limestone house built by Continental Army General Horatio Gates, whose permanent residence it was until 1790. Patriot forces led by Gen. Gates compelled the surrender of Gen. Burgoyne's army at Saratoga in October 1777. American troops under Gates were, in turn, defeated by Cornwallis at the Battle of Camden, South Carolina (August 16, 1780). November 28, 1972.

Wade, a teacher and superintendent in the West Virginia school system, lived here from 1872 to 1904. He devised important innovations in grading, promotion, and graduation procedures. December 21, 1965.

WHEELING SUSPENSION BRIDGE 10th and Main Streets Wheeling, Ohio County 1849; Charles Ellet, Jr.

Oldest major long-span suspension bridge in the world, with a span of more than 1,000 feet. The Wheeling Suspension Bridge is possibly the Nation's most significant extant ante-bellum engineering structure. I t s construction established American leadership in the building of suspension bridges. May 15, 1975.

284

WISCONSIN (17)

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING AND RESEARCH TOWER, S. C. JOHNSON COMPANY

1S25 Howe S t r e e t Racine, Racine County 1936-39, 1947 (tower); Frank Lloyd

Wright

These s t r u c t u r e s employ a highly o r i g i n a l system of c a n t i l e v e r - s l a b cons t ruc t ion in a c l a s s i c of modern off ice des ign. Wright ' s imaginative approach to s t r u c tu re i s seen in h i s use of rounded "organic" forms, and in the T-shaped columns and " t r e e - l i k e " tower. January 7, 1976.

ASTOR FUR WAREHOUSE Water S t r e e t , S t . Fer io le Is land P r a i r i e du Chien, Crawford County c . 1835

One of the American Fur Company's p r i n cipal establishments, this stone building recalls the Astor empire and Prairie du Chien's prominence as a fur trading cente r . October 9, 1960.

AZTALAN Near Lake Mills on Wisconsin 89 Jefferson County c. 1200-1300

Large stockaded temple mound site, the northernmost of the major Mississippian culture archeological sites. Now forms Aztalan State Park. July 19, 1964.

BIRTHPLACE OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY See LITTLE WHITE SCHCOLHOUSE

BRADLEY (HAROLD C.) HOUSE 106 N. Prospect Street Madison, Dane County 1901; Louis Sullivan and George Elmslie

One of two residences to which Sullivan contributed (the other being the Babson House in Riverside, Illinois) just after his peak as a skyscraper architect. An excellent example of Prairie School design. January 7, 1976.

BRISBOIS HOUSE Water Street, St. Feriole Island Prairie du Chien, Crawford County 1840

Built by a French-Canadian, who had been one of the town's f i rs t permanent se t t le rs in 1781. This 2-1/2-story house shows the prosperity brought by the fur trading industry. October 9, 1960.

DOUSMAN HOTEL Water Street, St. Feriole Island Prairie du Chien, Crawford County 1864

Served travelers when Prairie du Chien was a railroad center. Used as a stopping point by thousands of emigrants to the West after the Civil War. October 9, 1960.

FARMERS AND MERCHANTS UNION BANK 159 W. James Street Columbus, Columbia County 1919; Louis Sullivan

Sullivan designed and also supervised construction of this small bank, one of the modest commissions that were all he could obtain in his later years. This tapestry brick building is an excellent example of his masterful ornamentation. January 7, 1976.

285

Wisconsin

FORT CRAWFORD, SECOND See SECOND FORT CRAWFORD

GARLAND (HAMLIN) HOUSE 357 W. Garland S t r e e t West Salem, La Crosse County 1859-60

P u l i t z e r Prize-winning author Garland, whose novels portrayed the drudgery of farm l i f e in the Midwest, bought t h i s house for h i s paren ts in 1893. He v i s i ted r egu l a r l y , doing much of h i s wr i t ing during h i s lengthy s t a y s . November 11 , 1971.

JOHNSON COMPANY ADMINISTRATION BUILDING AND RESEARCH TOWER

See ADMINISTRATION BUILDING . . .

LA FOLLETTE (ROBERT M.) HOME 733 Lakewcod Boulevard Maple Bluff, Dane County c . 1860

LITTLE WHITE SCHCOLHOUSE (Bi r th place of the Republican Party)

Southeast corner of Blackburn and Blossom S t r e e t s

Ripon, Fond du Lac County 19th century

NORTH HALL, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

Madison, Dane County 1851

La F o l l e t t e served in the House of Representat ives (1885-91), but did not emerge as a major force in governmental reform u n t i l h i s se rv ice as Governor of Wisconsin (1901-06). As U.S. Senator (1906-25), he continued to champion "progress ive" causes and was the Progressive Party candidate for President in 1924, the year before h i s dea th . January 29, 1964.

A meeting here in 1854, and another in Jackson, Michigan, t o p r o t e s t the ex tension of s l ave ry , drew d i s s a t i s f i e d Whigs, Free S o i l e r s , and Democrats. These meetings were the f i r s t of those tha t led to the formation of the Republican Par ty . May 30, 1974.

A 4-s tory sandstone s t r u c t u r e , the f i r s t Universi ty bu i ld ing . The Univers i ty pioneered in extension work, p a r t i c u l a r l y in a g r i c u l t u r a l programs. December 21 , 1965.

CCCOTO SITE Oconto, Oconto County c. 5000-4000 BC

RINGLING BROTHERS CIRCUS WINTER OUARTERS

Bounded by Water, Brian, Lynn, and East Streets

Baraboo, Sauk County 1884

Prehistoric burial ground where implements of the Old Copper Culture have been found in association with human burials. (Forms the Copper Culture State Park.) January 20, 1961.

Served as the winter headquarters for both the Ringling Brothers Circus and the Barnum and Bailey Circus until 1919. The circus structures are part of a museum complex. August 4, 1969.

286

Wisconsin

S. C. JOHNSON COMPANY ADMINISTRATION BUILDING AND RESEARCH TOWER

SECOND FORT CRAWFORD Bank of the Mississippi River Prairie du Chien, Crawford County 1829

See ADMINISTRATION BUILDING...

The post hospital, the only remaining building, was the scene of important medical experiments in 1829-33. October 9, 1960.

TALIESIN 2 miles south of Spring Green Iowa County 1902-38; Frank Lloyd Wright

USS COBIA 809 South 8th Street Manitowoc, Manitowoc County 1943

A superb example of Wright's organic architecture, growing out of his Prairie Style work. Taliesin was the second great center of his activity (after Oak Park, Illinois.) The principal surviving complexes are Taliesin III (1925), Hillside Heme School (1902, 1933), and Midway Farm (1938). Additions include those done by the students who studied under Wright after the funding of the Taliesin Fellowship in 1932. Wright lived here each summer until his death in 1959. It continues to be the summer headquarters of the Taliesin Fellowship. January 7, 1976.

Representative of the Gato class of submarines. Although not built by the Manitowoc Shipyards, she is symbolic of the great industrial achievement and effort of the people of Wisconsin toward the winning of World War II. She sank 13 Japanese ships, and earned 4 battle stars for her service. In 1970, the people of Wisconsin dedicated her as an International Memorial to submariners throughout the world. January 14, 1986.

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, NORTH HALL See NORTH HALL ...

VILLA LOUIS St. Eeriole Island Prairie du Chien, Crawford County 1843; 1870, Edward Townsend Mix

Hercules Louis Dousman was a major figure in the fur trade and transportation enterprises in the northwest territory. In 1843, he built a house on this site, which was replaced by his son in 1870. The villa complex with outbuildings stands on a mound believed to be a Hopewell site which was also the site of two early forts. October 9, 1960.

287

WYOMING (17)

EXPEDITION ISLAND Green River, Sweetwater County 1869, 1871

FISHING BRIDGE MUSEUM

PORT D. A. RUSSELL Cheyenne, Laramie County 1885 (ex i s t ing b u i l d i n g s ) ,

1912 (addi t ions)

FORT PHIL KJEARNY AND ASSOCIATED SITES

On secondary road west of U.S. 87 Story vicinity, Johnson County 1866

GREEN RIVER RENDEZVOUS SITE, UPPER

HORNER SITE 4 miles northeast of Cody on U.S. 20 Park County c. 5000 BC

INDEPENDENCE ROCK 60 miles southwest of Casper on Wyoming 220

Natrona County 1830-50

J. C. PENNEY HISTORIC DISTRICT

MADISON JUNCTION MUSEUM

MEDICINE WHEEL 15 mi les nor theas t of Kane Big Horn County 17th-19th cen tu r i e s

Embarkation point of Maj. John Wesley Powel l ' s 1871 expedi t ion down the Green and Colorado Rivers and poss ib ly for h i s 1869 t r i p a l s o . On these t r i p s , Powell explored the l a s t large land area unknown to European-Americans in the mainland United S t a t e s . November 24, 1968.

See NORRIS, MADISON, AND FISHING BRIDGE...

Established in 1867 to p ro t ec t workers for the Union Pac i f i c Rai l road, t h i s fo r t was home of the Pawnee scout b a t t a l i o n in 1871. Troops from the for t p a r t i c i pated in the Sioux War of 1876. May 15, 1975.

From 1866 to 1868 the fo r t was under v i r t u a l s i e g e , in the "Red Cloud War," as Sioux groups fought successfu l ly to prevent White invasion of t h e i r hunting grounds. December 19, 1960.

See UPPER GREEN RIVER PENDEZVOUS SITE

This s i t e has yielded evidence tha t severa l d i s t i n c t i v e weapons and too l s found in the P la ins region were a l l pa r t of a s ing le p r e h i s t o r i c f l i n t t oo l indust r y of Early Hunter o r i g i n . January 20, 1961.

Well-known na tu ra l landmark on the Oregon T r a i l , 1900 fee t long and 850 fee t wide. Numerous t r a v e l e r s pa in ted , carved, or wrote t h e i r names on i t s sur face . January 20, 1961.

See PENNEY HISTORIC DISTRICT

See NORRIS, MADISON, AND FISHING BRIDGE...

Made of loose , i r r e g u l a r l y shaped, whi t ish f l a t s tones placed in a c i r c l e . Twenty e i g h t l i n e a r spokes, 70-75 feet in length r ad i a t e from the hub. I t s intended purpose i s not known. August 29, 1970.

288

Wyoming

NORRIS, MADISON, AND FISHING BRIDGE MUSEUMS

Yellowstone National Park Norr is Geyser Basin, Madison

Junc t ion , and Fishing Bridge Teton and Park Counties 1929-present; Herbert Maier

OLD FAITHFUL INN Yellowstone National Park Old Fa i th fu l , Teton County 1903-04, 1913-14, 1927-

presen t ; Robert Reamer

OREC10N TRAIL RUTS 1/2 mile south of Guernsey Platte County 1841-69

PENNEY ( J . C.) HISTORIC DISTRICT J . C. Penney Avenue and S. Main

S t r e e t Kemmerer, Lincoln County 1902

Class ic r u s t i c bu i ld ings designed for the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Foundat i o n . The a r c h i t e c t t r i e d t o make h i s designs harmonize with t h e i r surrounding landscapes . They served as the models for hundereds of s t a t e and county park s t r u c t u r e s b u i l t during the work-re l ief programs of the 1930s in the West and Midwest. May 28, 1987.

The f i r s t bui ld ing in a National Park constructed in an a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t y l e harmonious with the grandeur of the su r rounding landscape. Ref lects Adirondack r u s t i c a r c h i t e c t u r a l idiom, but blown up to enormous propor t ions . I t s seven-s to ry hiqh log lobby i s unique in American a r c h i t e c t u r e . Created with gnarled logs and rough sawn wood for the Northern Pac i f ic Rai l road, i t has a sense of place as i d e n t i f i a b l e as the Park i t s e l f . May 28, 1987.

Worn from 2 to 6 feet i n to an eroded sandstone ridge on the south s ide of the North P l a t t e River, t h i s roadbed g ives c l e a r physical evidence of the route followed by those who migrated westward across the P l a i n s . May 23, 1966.

This d i s t r i c t includes the Golden Rule S to re , and the home of James Cash Penney, who here began, in 1902, the r e t a i l chain tha t s t i l l bears h i s name. June 2, 1978.

SHERIDAN INN Broadway and 5th S t r e e t Sheridan, Sheridan County 1893; Thomas R. Kimball

SCXJTH PASS 10 miles southwest of South Pass City on Wyoming 28

Fremont County 1824

William F. ("Buffalo Bill") Cody operated this hotel in 1894-1896, catering principally to sportsmen. The frame building has a piazza on two sides. January 29, 1964.

Easiest passage through the Rocky Mountains, heavily used by westbound settlers, fur traders, and miners. The traffic through the Pass helped establish an effective U.S. claim to the Pacific Northwest. January 20, 1961.

289

Wyoming

SUN (TOM) RANCH 6 mi les west of Independence Rock on Wyoming 220

Carbon and Natrona Counties 1872

SWAN LAND AND CATTLE COMPANY HEAD-OUARTERS

East side of Chugwater Platte County 1883

Typif ies the medium-sized ranching opera t i ons of the open range per iod . Sun was a French-Canadian frontiersman who became a pioneer cat t leman. December 19, 1960.

Organized in Scotland, t h i s company was one of the foreign concerns t h a t f l ou r ished in the West when the range c a t t l e industry was p r o f i t a b l e . Surviving bui ld ings include the ranchhouse, b a m , and commissary. Ju ly 19, 1964.

TOM SUN RANCH See SUN RANCH

UPPER GREEN RIVER RENDEZVOUS SITE On Green River above and below

Daniel Suble t te County 1824-40

WAPITI RANGER STATION Wapiti v i c i n i t y , Park County 1903

WYOMING STATE CAPITOL 24th S t r e e t and Capitol Avenue Cheyenne, Laramie County 1886-present; David W. Gibbs &

William Dubois

Most popular rendezvous s i t e connected with the Rocky Mountain fur t r a d e . The annual spring t rading f a i r held here a t t r a c t e d Anglo-American t r a d e r s and t r a p p e r s , including Kit Carson and Jim Bridger, and Native Americans. November 5, 1961.

F i r s t fo res t ranger s t a t i o n e rec ted a t Federal expense. Si tuated within the f i r s t na t iona l fores t reserve (Shoshone National F o r e s t ) , which was es tab l i shed by Pres ident Benjamin Harrison in 1891. May 23 . 1963.

Wyoming was admitted t o the Union as the f i r s t s t a t e to enfranchise Women. As a t e r r i t o r y , Wyoming had been the f i r s t major j u r i s d i c t i o n in the United S t a t e s where women had f u l l suff rage, and in 1889, an a l l -male group draf ted a S ta te c o n s t i t u t i o n tha t included women's suff rage . There were heated arguments in Congress about t h i s provis ion when Wyoming T e r r i t o r y applied for s tatehood, but in 1890, a f t e r a c lose vo te . Congress passed the Wyoming Statehood b i l l . I t was a symbolic v ic to ry for the women's suffrage movement, and commanded nat ional a t t e n t i o n . May 4, 1987.

6 US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1967— 1 9 3 - 2 0 9 ' 7 0 3 0 6

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Documents

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