SHAH JAHAN(1592-SHAH JAHAN(1592-1666)1666)

Shah Jahan was the Shah Jahan was the Mughal Emperor of India Mughal Emperor of India from 1628 until 1658.from 1628 until 1658.

The Mughals were an The Mughals were an Islamic dynasty that Islamic dynasty that ruled large parts of ruled large parts of India from the early India from the early 1616thth century until the century until the middle of the 18middle of the 18thth..

AccessionAccession Inheritance of Inheritance of

power & wealth in power & wealth in the Mughal empire the Mughal empire was determined by was determined by princely sons princely sons competing to competing to achieve military achieve military successes and successes and consolidating their consolidating their power at court. power at court.

Shah Jahan’s Shah Jahan’s intense military intense military successes of 1617 successes of 1617 CE greatly CE greatly impressed his impressed his father. He was father. He was rewarded with the rewarded with the prestigious title prestigious title of ‘Shah Jahan’, of ‘Shah Jahan’, which pretty much which pretty much sealed his sealed his inheritance. inheritance.

Upon the death of Upon the death of his father, emperor his father, emperor Jahangir, in 1627; Jahangir, in 1627; shah Jahan shah Jahan succeeded to the succeeded to the Mughal Throne. Mughal Throne.

Shah JahanShah Jahan

Shah Jahan was the Shah Jahan was the third son of the third son of the emperor Jahangir and a emperor Jahangir and a grand son of the grand son of the emperor Akbar.emperor Akbar.

He was born in Lahore He was born in Lahore on Jan.5,1592.on Jan.5,1592.

In 1612, when his title In 1612, when his title was still Prince was still Prince Khurram, he married Khurram, he married Arjumand Banu Begum.Arjumand Banu Begum.

Shah JahanShah Jahan He was ambitious to gain He was ambitious to gain the throne, through he the throne, through he was third in line.was third in line.

In 1622 he staged an un-In 1622 he staged an un-successful rebellion successful rebellion against his father.against his father.

As a consequence he As a consequence he spent the following spent the following three years traveling three years traveling around the kingdom around the kingdom waiting for his father waiting for his father to forgive him.to forgive him.

Shah JahanShah Jahan They were reconciled in They were reconciled in 1625, and Jahangir died 1625, and Jahangir died two years later.two years later.

With support from his With support from his wife’s family, Shah Jahan wife’s family, Shah Jahan proclaimed himself proclaimed himself emperor at Agra in emperor at Agra in February 1628.February 1628.

Shah Jahan’s reign was Shah Jahan’s reign was not able for its military not able for its military successes against states successes against states in southern India.in southern India.

Shah JahanShah Jahan There was also a There was also a temporary extension of temporary extension of Mughal power in the Mughal power in the north-west.north-west.

In 1638 the Persian In 1638 the Persian governor of Kandahar governor of Kandahar surrendered that fortress surrendered that fortress to the Mughals.to the Mughals.

In 1646 Shah Jahan’s In 1646 Shah Jahan’s forces occupied forces occupied Badakhshan and Balkh, but Badakhshan and Balkh, but Balkh was lost the next Balkh was lost the next year.year.

Shah JahanShah Jahan The Persians regained The Persians regained Kandahar in 1649.Kandahar in 1649.

In 1657 Shah Jahan became In 1657 Shah Jahan became ill.ill.

This precipitated a This precipitated a struggle for power among struggle for power among his four sons.his four sons.

The winner was Aurangzeb, The winner was Aurangzeb, who declared himself who declared himself emperor in 1658.emperor in 1658.

He kept his father under He kept his father under house-arrest at the house-arrest at the fortress of Agra until Shah fortress of Agra until Shah Jahan died there on Jahan died there on Jan.22,1666.Jan.22,1666.

Shah JahanShah Jahan

Shah Jahan is most Shah Jahan is most famous for building the famous for building the Taj Majal, but he also Taj Majal, but he also built a new city called built a new city called Shahjahanabad at Delhi.Shahjahanabad at Delhi.

His name has been given His name has been given to a school of 17to a school of 17thth – –century architecture.century architecture.

Rule Rule Under his rule, Under his rule,

the empire became the empire became a huge military a huge military machine and the machine and the nobles and their nobles and their contingents contingents multiplied almost multiplied almost fourfold, as did fourfold, as did the demands for the demands for more revenue from more revenue from the peasantry. the peasantry.

The The administration administration was centralized was centralized and the court and the court affairs were affairs were systematised. systematised.

His political His political efforts efforts encouraged the encouraged the emergence of emergence of large centres of large centres of commerce and commerce and crafts. crafts.

ArchitectureArchitecture Shah Jahan Shah Jahan perfected perfected Mughal Mughal architecture. architecture.

He had the Taj He had the Taj Mahal built as Mahal built as a tomb for his a tomb for his favorite wife.favorite wife.

Shah Jahan Shah Jahan established established Delhi as his Delhi as his capital and capital and built there built there the famous Red the famous Red Fort, which Fort, which contained the contained the imperial imperial Mughal palace. Mughal palace.

Fate Fate One of shah One of shah jahan’s sons, jahan’s sons, Aurengzeb, Aurengzeb, took over his took over his throne.throne.

He was He was imprisoned imprisoned and confined and confined to the Agra to the Agra Fort for Fort for eight years. eight years.

During this During this time he grew time he grew deathly ill. deathly ill. On Jan. 31On Jan. 31stst 1666, shah 1666, shah jahan died. jahan died.

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Monika SharmaMonika SharmaSection-DSection-D

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