MIS project

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The management information system has been recognized as one of the vital

tools used in many organizations in a bid to attain their aims and objectives.

In the last few years, management information system and its impact in

various aspects of business and economic has been the subject to consider

and discuss on.

They say, the population term for the complete set of business application in

an organization is “management information system”.

However, every management has an information system that enables it

achieve its aim whether computerized or not.

Management professionals and accountants from various disciplines have

not focused their attention on this subject where it is to assist way of arriving

at decision.

A more appropriate discipline for the set of computerized system that the

management process is a computer based management information system.

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There is no doubt that the world is increasing in computerization in all

aspects of human endeavors’, so as management information system

becoming that key to national economic well being affecting most of the

industrial sector and services. Most of the business now depends on the

effective use of information to design their product and render services, in

order to improve on or respond to market demand or to have the knowledge

of the business.

In these regards, the management information system tends to change the

management system in an organization more permanently than any other

system.

The management information tends to affect barely all the sphere of business

organization in vital ways. There is any organization that function

effectively without a proper management information system. In this case, of

output from the operational level system.

For proper execution of the companies or organizational objectives the top

management needs planning simulation models and static reports on the past

performances such as income and balance sheet.

The management also needs income statement and balance sheet project for

future years under varying economic condition. A computer simulation

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provided that information avail management the opportunity to verify other

factors, to forecast the effect on the enterprises. With the introduction of

management information system, all these are achieved easily. Management

information system is said to be revenue generating system. Current trends

of management information system shows that of recent revenue from the

management information system and rate at which various economic sectors

are moving into it, is so high that management information system is now

becoming very big industry. It is expected that impact of management

information system on business operation has been increased substantially.

Business and most organization tend to include habit of adopting the use of

management information system for global coordination of operation and the

need to react rapidly towards business context. The introduction or

development of computer hardware’s, software data base and

telecommunication system have improved the utilization of management

information system further along.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

This research work is directed mainly towards the solution of a problem and

before you can solve the problem you must understand what the problem is.

The most daunting challenges inherent include the following:

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How to integrate workers needs into an organization objectives to facilities

the attainment of the organization goal

Low morale and the poor attitude to work by workers resulting in to a very

low performance and productivity.

Lack of adequate training and development of workers

Lack of commitment, discipline and loyalty towards works in the

organization.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of management

information system (MIS) on organizational productivity Basically, the

research intends to achieve the following:

i. Increase employees’ motivation

ii. Enhance company’s image.

iii. Increase capacity to adopt new technology and method.

iv. Reduces employees’ turnover

v. To provide solutions and recommendations where necessary on the

best and effective motivational techniques used in the organization.

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1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The management information system has a significant role to play in an

organization.

i. To the researcher: indeed, this research work has enabled the

research to acquire more knowledge on management information

system.

ii. To scholars/students: Unarguably, this research work will serve as a

reference material to other students and researchers

iii. To the stakeholders and Executives of business organization: It is a well

know facts the research brings about new information and knowledge,

therefore, this research work will indisputably help the stakeholders and

executives of business organization to improve their various workers on

management information system.

iv. Furthermore, the research will serve as an eye opener to another

organizations regarding the immeasurable impacts MIS on organization.

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1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

This research work will seek to answer the following questions:

i. Does management information system leads to an increase in

organizational productivity?

ii. Do you see Management information system as solution to your

problems?

iii. Do management information system increase your productivity?

iv. Does incompetent managers managing the management information

system unit leads to poor productivity

1.6 RESEARCH OF HYPOTHESIS

v. For the purpose of this research study the following hypothesis have

been formulated and will be the basic framework within which this

research work will be carried out.

vi. Hi: management information system (MIS) increases employee’s

productivity which contributes to the attainment of the organizational

goals.

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vii. Ho: management information system (MIS) does not increase

employee’s productivity which does not contributes to the attainment

of the organizational set objectives.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study intends to cover only the staff of Skill Touch computer center

Abuja focusing on the "Impact of MIS on organizational productivity"

within the period of (2006 - 2016) ten (10)years.

1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

There are several limitation and problem in carrying out this research, which

constitute major hindrances to the success of the research investigation

which are:

i. Time factor : time required for the research work may not be

sufficient enough for the research to do a thorough job, nor to

travel far and near in searching for relevant research material and

information, the researchers is also face with a lecture which has

taken most of the time that he would have devoted for the research

work.

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ii. Financial constraint: inadequate finance constitutes major

hindrances in the acquisition of required research equipment and

materials and also to get access to prominent places to meet with

respondent in respect to direct obtainment of information.

iii. Poor attitude and attention of people toward research issues as well

as inadequate supply of information to the researcher by the

respondent, have also failed in their own capacity to provide me

with adequate and required information that is needed for the

research work.

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1.9 DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS

In the course of this investigation, certain terms were used, the researcher

wishes to explain such terms in the context of this research, they are:

1. COMMUNICATION: peter little in his book business

communication defined communication as the process by which

information pass between individual and organization by means of

previous agreed symbols.

2. COMPUTER: is an electronic machine that accepts information,

process it and bring out the result in a form which is understandable.

3. CONTROL: control is the process that measures current performance

and guide towards some pre-determined goals.

4. CO-ORDINATION: it may be defined as a process by which

message create the basic condition necessary for planned performance

or for the achievement of designated objectives.

5. INFORMATION: this is news or knowledge conveyed by one

person to another.

6. MANAGEMENT: it is defined as the process by which all available

resources are directed to achieve organizational objectives.

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7. ORGANIZATION: this is concern with the arrangement of work,

with the division of authorities and with the allocation of duties,

authorities and responsibilities.

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CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter shall focus on literature review, concept of management

information, concept of organizational productivity, current concept of

management information system, the role management information system,

functions of management information system, advantages and disadvantages

of information system.

2.2 BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY

Skill Touch computer is a registered firm by the allied matter act 1990. It

was established on the 14th December, 2001 under the chairmanship of

Alhaji Abdulahi Usman Ali.

The management started as a small unit with three (3) staff and two (2)

computers to work with. It later transmitted into the unit that is now wholly

responsible for the vital information that the establishment needs for its day

to day activities the unit has gone far in terms of information technology, the

management lack staff, but not withstanding, the whole efficiency is still

very high in terms of work activities because of the managers who are in

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charge of the unit is putting things in place for all the pertinent information

to enter into unit.

2.3 CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

The MIS in an idea which is associated with man, machine, marketing and

methods for collecting information’s from the internal and external source

and processing this information for the purpose of facilitating the process of

decision making of the business. MIS is not new, only the computerization is

new, before computers MIS techniques existed to supply managers with the

information that would permit them to plan and control business operations.

The computer has aided on more dimensions such as speed, accuracy, and

increased volume of data that permit the consideration of more alternatives

in decision making process. Naraya P. S. (1987)

The term management has several meaning depending on the context and

purpose. Almost everyone has opinion about what management is all about.

As a result of this, there is no specific definition of management on which

everybody agreed. Therefore, some various schools put forward some

definitions which includes:

Functional school

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They defined management as an integrity process designed to achieve

organized purposeful result.

According to Naraya P. S. (1987) defined management as a distinct process

consisting of planning, organizing, actualizing and controlling to determine

and accomplishing the objectives by the use of people and resources.

2.3.1 SYSTEM AND CONTIGENCY SCHOOLS

Management information system (MIS) can be defined as a system which

collects pertinent facts relating to external environment and internal

operation of an organization and which convert collected data into

information which are relevant and meaningful to the organization. Based on

this definition of management information system (MIS), it is believed that

most organization defines solely on (MIS) as a source of information

retrieved. The availability of information is the basis for planning and

control. For the essence of sound management is the direction and control of

an organization to meet the agreed common goals. This activity is part of the

daily work of the organization whilst for the purpose of analyzing and

critically examine the efficiency of a management information system

(MIS). It is necessary to know certain facts about organizations. Activities

namely information need feedback and control system and channel or rout of

communication. The close interaction of what may be described not to be

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over looked researched investigation proved that management information

system (MIS) revealed that the root problems are not lack of information but

the problems of communicating it within an acceptable life span most often,

management are wise after event.

2.3.2 THE MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE

According to Decleck R. (1976) based on the fact that strategic lands of

management are faced with a problem of communication and many factors

militating against the management information system (MIS). It is relevant

to consider the procedure or step to determine a possible solution to the

problem while the whole science and art of management reveals around the

twin concept of planning and control. It has long been interrelated

procedure. These are strategic planning, forecasting, organizing, leading, co-

ordinating and controlling.

A. STRATEGIC PLANNING

According to Ansoff, I.W (1976) the main determination and objectives

and formulation of any organization policy is to determine the exact time

span covered by the type of organization and particular circumstance.

This was the view of (I.W Ansoff) in his book “management information

system” another writer (Thomas petip) his book fundamental of

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management co-ordination “look of strategic planning as a plan that

requires two types of involvement”.

a. Evaluating the firm’s position in terms of procedures lines more of

competitive development and other trends.

b. Leadership to establishing corporate objectives. An important question

here is time horizon. Thus far in the future should the plan extend?

Most companies have a horizon of (5) years or less thus; it is fund that

relational as dislike from emotion long range planning is reading

dependent on the availability of information.

B. FORCASTING

According to Redley G. W (1977), said this is the base on the

organization as to what the situation or outcome of the certain project

will be the deviation whether six (6) months or one (1) year precisely

with forecasting, this is a dislike possession that the forecast maybe

nearer to the real life situation, although it must be appreciated that

forecasts are exact reflection of real life outcome that cannot be expected.

This is the view of G. W Redley concerning

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Forecast while themes petip look at forecast as long range planning

involving time horizon longer than one year and are based on the forecast

of the future.

C. TACTICAL PLANNING

According to Redley G. W allocate the organization resources in a way to

ensure that the forecast is achieved. This was the view of G. W Redley

concerning technical planning while Thomas Patip looks at technical

planning as a short range budgeting. And it is generally couched in

financial factors which also must be given consideration.

According to Axelrod R. and Colen, M. (2002) organizing as one of the

important as of management and technical planning is mainly concerned

with the primary allocation of duties, targets and works load in a

systematic way.

William K. defines organizing as the process by which employee and

their jobs are related to each other to accomplish enterprise objective.

Kooaf and Donnell O. defines organizing as deforming the activities

required to achieve objectives, grouping this activities and assigning then

to a manager and delegating authority to him to carry them out. It deals

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with the aspect of organizations span of control and the creation of

harmonious working relationship within specified group of activities.

D. LEADERSHIP

According to Willian k. (1998), said this is the ability to provide effective

directive and encouragement to the subordinate staff in other to put in

their best performance for their duties. Williams K. defines leadership as

the process of motivating individuals (pears, superior, subordinate and

non-subordinate) of group to assist. Williams and Massrik give a general

definition of leadership as interpersonal influence, exercise in simulation

and directed through the communication process towards attainment of

specified goals.

E. CO-ORDINATION

According to Literer and Packer (1996) as the process of managing the

integration of the effort of individual department into a co-ordinate

whole. Such an approach implies bridging. If not destruction of business

that inhabit co-ordination of the activities. This is the view of a writer

known as merlin in parker. And other different writer known as Joseph

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A. Literer defines co-ordination as the setting together of the substance

needed to accomplish an overall work objectives.

This can be achieved partially through the dissemination of information

and by facilitating the flow of knowledge through the organization.

F. CONTROL

According to Kooafe and O’Donnel (1998) looks at control as measuring

performance and correcting deviation thereby assuring the

accomplishment of plans. The managers tells employees to do, and

effective feedback of data and it’s conversion into reluctant information

with a minimal time or period of paramount important to the total

management activity in other to overcome all these problems, the needs

of productive management information system and its effectiveness must

be under constant requirements by management to perform their duties

effectively.

G. INFORMATION CATEGORIES

In other to appreciate the important need and source of management

information as a starting point to be examined, the use of computer in

management task is very vital.

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For any organization to get meaningful information for an effective and

productive day-to-day running of the organization, there must be

planning, which embarks on podcasting and technical planning,

controlling or maintaining the current performance of plan is very

essential so as not to affect the routine operation of the organization.

To achieve these arms without any degree of problems certainly,

information will be needed. As a general statement, it can be suggested

that the source of data meets the manager’s information needs will be

obtained from both monitoring the internal activities of the firm and its

external environment.

Planning is a demanding exercise in the event about the environment

(example, state of the general economy, political, social and ethical

values influences the competitors) with higher degree of uncertainty to a

large extent will be outside the control of the particular organization

information which can be obtained either formally or informally basis. A

formal information gotten from written reporter, statements, letters and

so on, while an information is transmitted or gotten orally but not

withstanding the decided influence in the decision making process.

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Generally, data gathered as either not totally quantifiable or reality

transferred into the formal reporting structure. Just suck data is vital part

of the total management information system.

Within the recent situation, it is extremely difficult to know how data

could be gotten and programmed into computer system. The formal type

of report which management will expect can be classified into three (3)

major groups which includes: routine, exceptional, and special purpose.

Routine report will lead to provide information for a control. Nature and

exceptional reports will be needed when it is necessary to supplement a

routine control. In comparison, special report will be primarily used to be

derive information which cannot be obtained easily from the general

reporting procedures of the organization through the data required for

their compilation maybe available. With the planning task, many of the

required report will be of the special type and have the following

characteristics:

(a) They will be often being complex, involving several areas of operations

and requiring data from a number of different sources. Summary of

information to change the lower level data items are not generally

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necessary is more directed to planning of future than consideration of the

immediate current position.

The most important thing here are, the provision of information within a

computer environment demands. The understanding of the means of

getting data is the mode of starting it, the method of manipulating it and

means of disseminating output with the organization.

A. IMPACT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM ON

ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES

Information technology has been a major force in changing condition within

the organization. Two (2) of the most significant organizational changes

resulting from information technology on:

i. Creation of new department and

ii. Changing organizational structure

a. CREATION OF NEW DEPARTMENTS

New departments have been created to manage the new information system.

After these new departments are called (MIS) department of invocation

center. The (MIS) department is typically headed by Chief information

21

officer (CIO), when data processing centre are established, they are usually

housed in and controlled by accounting department.

b. CHANGING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Local area networks (LANS) have altered horizontal relationship among

departments and individuals. Many managers prefers to conduct inter

dependent business devices or face to face meeting. The (LANS) are also

being networked vertical into wide area networks (WANS) that links

(LANS) users throughout organization. These changes in information

technology have triggered a new organizational structure called the cluster

organization, which brings people together in small cluster to solve

problems or implement solution to a distributed process of department

managers and first time supervisions. This has expanded the roles of lower

management with respect to decision making authority which as aided in the

process of organizational downsizing, by which layers of middle level

management are eliminated.

2.3.3 CONCEPT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY.

Production requires organization. To produce, firms need to hire managers

who organize inputs, solve the problems that arise in production, and plan

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for the future, among other tasks. As a result, the productivity of a firm

depends on the way its production is organized. Of course, how much a firm

is willing to invest in organizing its production by hiring a hierarchy of

managers, with different amounts of knowledge and particular tasks within

the firm, depends on the scale of its output. It would be clearly inefficient for

a small family business to have the same organizational structure as a large

multinational firm that sells all around the world. These differences in

organization are obvious for anyone that has seen the complicated

organizational hierarchy of a firm and, at the same time, has bought anything

in a mom-and-pop shop around the corner. The implications of

organizational decisions for the gains from international trade and other

changes in the economic environment are less obvious.

In fact, organizational structure is absent in virtually all international

trade theories. How do these organizational differences affect productivity?

How are they reflected in the within-firm distribution of wages and skills?

How are organization and productivity impacted by firm decisions that

change its scale, like the decision to export?

We study the internal organization of firms in a product market. The market

is formed by a continuum of differentiated products. The demand for these

products varies depending on their individual characteristics.

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2.4 CURRENT CONCEPTS OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

SYSTEM

Management professionals and accountants from various disciplines have

focused their attentions on MIS as it assists them in arriving at relevant and

wide information needed to accomplish the aims and objectives of the

organization. There is no doubt that the world is increasing in

computerization in all aspect of human endeavor, so as management

information system is becoming the key to national economic well being

affecting most of the industrial sectors and services. Most of the business

now depends on the effective use of information to design their product and

render services in other to improve with or respond to market demand or to

have the knowledge of the business. In this regard, the management

information system tends to change the management system in an

organization more permanently than any other system.

The MIS tends to affect barely all sphere of business organization that will

function effectively without a proper management information system.

Management information system (MIS) is said to be revenue generating

system. Current trends if MIS shows that the recent revenue from the MIS

and rate at which various economic sectors are moving into it, is so high that

24

MIS is now becoming a big industry. Business and most organizations tends

to include habit of adopting the use of management information system

(MIS) for global co-ordination of operation and the need to react rapidly

towards business context.

2.5 ROLES OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)

The roles of management information system (MIS) are stated as follows:

a. The MIS satisfies the diverse needs through variety of system such

as query system analysis system, modeling system and decision

supporting system.

b. MIS helps the junior management personnel by providing the

operational data for planning, scheduling, and controlling and

helping them further in decision making.

c. MIS helps the middle management in short term planning target

setting and controlling the business functions. It is supported by the use of

management tools of planning and control.

d. MIS helps the top level management in goal setting, strategic

planning and evolving the business plans and their implementation.

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e. MIS plays the role of information generation, communication,

problem identification and helps in the process of decision

making.

2.6 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)

The functions of management information system (MIS) are stated as

follows:

a. Data processing: it includes the collection, transmission, storage,

processing and output of data. It simplifies the statistics and reduces to

the lowest cost by supplying a unified format.

b. Function in production: it predicts the future situation by applying

further mathematics to statistics or simulations.

c. Function in planning: it arranges reasonably the plans of each

functional department in accordance with the restrictions afforded by

enterprises and provides the appropriate planning reports according to

different management.

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d. Function of control: it monitors and inspects the operation of plans

and comprise with differences between operation and plan in accordance

with the data afforded by every functional department and be assistant to

manager to control timely each method by analyzing the reason why the

difference comes into being.

e. Function of assistance: it derives instantly the best answers of

related problems by applying to several of mathematic mode and

analyzing a plentiful data stored in computers in the hope of using

rationally human resources and informative resources for relative

abundant economic benefits.

2.7 ADVANTAGES OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

(MIS)

The advantages of management information system (MIS) are stated as

follows:

a. Operational excellence: MIS is an important tool available to

managers for achieving high level of efficiency and productivity

in business operation.

27

b. New products, services and business models: information

system and technologies are major enabling tools for firm to create

new products and services and new business model.

c. Customers and suppliers intimacy: information systems and

technologies allow firms to know their customers and supplies very

well.

d. Improved decision making: many business managers operate in an

information of bank, never really having the right information at the right

time to make an informed decision.

e. Competitive advantage: when customers can achieve all of the

objectives above, it gives them the choices to achieve a competitive

advantage. It has to do with doing things better than your competitors.

2.8 DISADVANTAGES OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

(MIS)

a. Budgetary issues: allocation of budgets for MIS upgrades, modifications

and other revisions can be quiet tricky at times. If budgets are not

allocated uniformly or as per immediate requirements, key functionalities

28

might get affected and benefits might not be realized consistently.

Integration issues with legacy systems can affect the quality of output

and vital business intelligence reports.

b. Constant monitoring issues: change in management exists or departures

of department’s managers and other senior executives have a broad effect

on the working and monitoring of certain organization practices

including MIS system. Since MIS is a critical component of an

organizations risk management strategy and allied systems, constant

monitoring is necessary to ensure its effectiveness.

2.9 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)

According to the system theory, organizations are organic and open system

consisting of interacting and interdependent parts of variety of goals. It is the

duty of the manager to maintain the members of an organization.

According to contingency school, management is situational where there is

no one best way to design and organization and manage them. Manager

should design organization, define goals and formulate policies and

strategies in accordance with prevailing environmental conditions. As a tool

29

to facilitate easy access to information. In any organization and integral part

of all organized human activities, it becomes necessary to have an effective

system of information within an industrial sector both small and big, there is

need for a system of collecting and recording of facts and for retrieved and

dissemination of information. As the organization continue to expand, so its

need for effective data collection, recording and information retrieval and its

information communication increase in proportion to this size to the

organization. The emergency of the relatively new technology and impact

for the research into the development of more automated system of

information storage and retrieval and a new approach in the study of control,

feedback system and communication channels in industry.

Management information system is a combination of computers and regular

organized procedures to provide managers with information needed in

making decision. (Ivancevich et al, 1997). C . Laudon and P. Laudon (2008)

defined MIS as a system that deals with behavioural issues as well as

technical issues surrounding the development, use and impact of information

system used by managers and employees in a firm.

30

M<

Source: C. Laudan and P. Lauden (2008) P.16

It is believed that most organization depends solely on MIS as a source of

information retrieved. The available information is the bases for planning

and control to achieve business goals.

31

Organization Technology

Management

Information system

REFERENCES

Ansoff I. W (1976) Introduction to Computer and Strategic Management

Decleck R. (1976) Management Theory and Practice; Fifth edition,

Conwall London.

Axelrod R and Colen, M (2002) "Theory of Management Information System"

(MIS)

Ikeja Lagos Management Theory and Practice Delhi

Invancevich et al (1997) Basic research journal New York: Mcgraw Hill/

1st Edition.

Kauden C. (1985): Professor of Information System. 3rd

edition New York University.

Koofe and Donnel (1998): Management Theory and managing with computer 3rd

edition

Naraya P. S (1987) organization theory and behaviour

Lauden P. (2007) Management Information System

Literer and Packer (1996): Information System contemporary

32

Redley G. W (1977) Management of information handling system Publisher

Willian K. (1998) "Telecommunication: A Business communication. Fifth edition

33

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter deals with research methodology which comprises of different

headings, the introduction, research design, sources of data, population,

sample size, research instrument , questionnaire distribution and collection

and method of data analysis

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

The researcher has adopted a descriptive design which implies that the

study is concerned with systematic description of data related to

management information system on organization productivity. The

choice of the design is to descriptive survey.

3.3 RESEARCH POPULATION

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Population and staff of Skill Touch computer center Abuja consist of 150

staffs which involves, junior staffs, senior staffs and management which

were used as population for this research work.

3.4 SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

The total number of staffs in Skill Touch computer Abuja which comprises

of junior staffs, senior staffs and the management were one hundred and fifty

(150).

A sample size of (80) people were used which represented the total

population of (80) questionnaires distributed but only 75 were filled properly

and returned.

The study was therefore, conducted based on (75) response returned.

The researcher used a chi-square technique in analyzing the data collection

from the respondents. The method is sample and suitable for testing

hypothesis.

From the final deduction, one can get the result from the highest respondents

so, alternative to the other multiple answers were provided to the researcher

35

with an insight of obtaining the number of respondent with identical answer

to each questionnaire.

3.5 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION

The sources of data for this research work were gathered from the primary

and secondary sources.

PRIMARY DATA: The Primary source of data collection

These are data collected from respondents through the use of personal

interview and structure questionnaire respectively.

SECONDARY DATA: The secondary sources of data is derived from

published and unpublished materials which are already existing and is

acquired from text books, seminar and conference papers, newspapers,

government classified and document materials.

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3.6 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT USED

There are different methods available to the researcher to adopt in the

collection of data for the study. However, for the purpose of this study, the

researcher used questionnaire administration method.

3.7 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN

A questionnaire is a device for getting answers to questions by using a form

which the respondents fill by himself. The questionnaire is designed to

obtain information on the impact of management information system (MIS).

It contains a well structured choice question designed in a sample method.

The closed questionnaire could be seen at the appendix.

3.8 QUESTIONNAIRE DISTRIBUTION AND COLLECTION

The questionnaire were designed and distributed to the employers of the

organization understudy and was based on the basis of first come, first serve

a week was used for the collection of questionnaire respectively.

However, a total of eighty (80) questionnaires were distributed but only (75)

were properly filled and returned, five questionnaires were not returned,

37

therefore, the study was done based on the (75) responses returned. The

questionnaire is distribute between the staff and students

3.9 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

In order to draw useful and reliable conclusion from the researcher findings,

data collected were carefully coded and using tabulation expression as well

as percentage frequency to analyze the findings,

X2 is also used.

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CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter will focus on the presentation and analysis of data obtained as a

result of the research work on the impact of management information system

with special reference to Skill Touch Computer Center. The presentation and

interpretation of the data gathered in the course of this research work are

analyzed thus;

A total number of (80) questionnaire were distributed seventy five (75)

were duly filled and returned.

The research carries out the analysis based on the (75) returned

questionnaire

The research presented the data in a tubular form before doing the analysis.

The results achieved from the research question and hypothesis are

interpreted and discussed.

39

4.2 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

Question 1:

Age Distribution?

Response No. of respondents Percentage

Male 50 66.67%

Female 25 33.33%

Total 75 100%

Source: Survey data, 2016.

Interpretation: The table above shows that 66.67% representing 50

respondents are male while 33.33% representing 25 are female.

Therefore the researcher concludes that male are majority in the

organization.

Question 2:

Marital status?

40


Single 60 80%

Married 15 20%

Total 75 100%


Interpretation: The table above shows that 80% representing 60

respondents are single while 20% representing 15 are married.

Therefore the researcher concludes that single are majority in the

organization.

Question 3:

Does management information system (MIS) help in the development of

an area that is situated?

41


Yes 65 86.67%

No 10 13.33%

Total 75 100%



respondents agreed that MIS help in the development of an area that is

situated while 13.33% representing 10 disagreed that MIS do not help in the

development of an area that is situated.

Therefore the researcher concludes that MIS help in the development of an

area that is situated.

Question 4:

DOES COMPUTERS SERVES AS SOLUTION TO YOUR

PROBLEMS?

42


Yes 50 66.67%

No 25 33.33%

Total 75 100%



respondents agreed that computer serve as solution to their problems while

33.33% representing 25 disagreed that computer do not serve as solution to

their problem.

Therefore the researcher concludes that computer serve as solution to their

problem.

QUESTION 5:

DOES MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM LEADS TO

GREATER PRODUCTIVITY?

43


Yes 70 93.33%

No 5 6.67%

Total 75 100%



respondents agreed that management information system leads to greater

productivity while 6.67% representing 5 disagreed that management

information system does not lead to greater productivity.

Therefore the researcher concludes that management information leads to

greater productivity.

QUESTION 6:

DESPITE OF THE CONTROL MEASURE ADOPTED TO CHECK

FRAUDS, DO FRAUDS STILL EXIST?

44


Yes 65 86.67%

No 10 13.33%

Total 75 100%



respondents agreed that despite of the control measure adopted to check

frauds, do frauds still exist while 13.33% representing 10 disagreed.

Therefore the researcher concludes that despite of the control measure

adopted to check frauds, do frauds still exist.

QUESTION 7:

WHAT SOFTWARE THE ORGANIZATION USES?

45


Microsoft Word 60 80

Corel Draw 15 20

Auto Card - -

Total 75 100%



respondents agreed that they are using Microsoft ward, while 20%

representing 15 respondents are of the opinion that the organization uses

Corel draw

Therefore the researcher concludes that the organization use Microsoft ward.

QUESTION 8:

46

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES DOES (MIS) HELPS

THE ORGANIZATION TO ACHIEVED?


Profit 75 100

Losses - -

Liquidation - -

None of the above - -

Total 75 100%



respondents of the opinion that profit is the major objectives of the

organization

Therefore the researcher concludes that the major objective of the

organization is profit motive.

4.3 TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

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In order words the validity of the hypothesis, the chi-square (x2) method is

used. The principle guiding this method is to reject the hypothesis or accepts

the hypothesis if x2 calculated is < or > than the tabulated chi- square.

RE-STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

Hi: Management information system (MIS) increase employee's

productivity which contributes to the attainment of the organizational goals.

Ho: Management information system (MIS) does not increase employee's

productivity which does not contributes to the attainment of the

organizational goals.

Question (3) and (5) are selected to test the above hypothesis.

CONTIGENCY TABLE

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OPTIONS Q.3 Q.5

RESPONSE

S

NO RESPONSES NO

RESPONSES

TOTAL

Yes 65 50 115

No 10 25 35

Total 75 75 150

Source: field survey 2016

COMPUTATION OF THE EXPECTED VALUE FROM THE OBSERVED

VALUE OF THE TABLE ABOVE:

Expected value can be obtained thus:

E = RTxCT

GT

Where:

E = Expected Value

RT = Row Total

CT = Column Total

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GT = Grand Total

CONPUTATION OF EXPECTED FREQUENCY TABLE

S/N OBSERVED

FREQUENCY

RTxCT

GT

EXPECTED

FREQUENCY

1 65 115 x 75

150

57.5

2 50 115 x 75

150

57.5

3 10 35 x 75

150

17.5

4 25 35x 75

150

17.5

COMPUTATION OF CHI-SQUARE

Which can be obtained as x2 = Ʃ (OF-EF) 2

EF

Where:

Ʃ = Summation

OF = Observed Frequency

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EF = Expected Frequency

X2 = Chi-Square

CHI-SQAURE TABLE

S/N OF EF OF-EF (OF-EF)2 (OF-EF)2

EF

1 65 57.5 7.5 56.25 0.978

2 50 57.5 - 7.5 56.25 0.978

3 10 17.5 -7.5 56.25 3.2

4 25 17.5 7.5 56.25 3.2

Ʃ = 8.356

DEGREE OF FREEDOM

DF = (R-1) (C-1)

DF = Degree of freedom

C = Number of columns and

R = Number of Rows.

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Where R = 2

C = 2

DF= (2-1) (2-1)

DF= 1x1

DF= 1

The level of significant is 5% =0.05

DF = 1, 0.05

Table value is 3.841 which is less than the chi-square

Calculated value which is 8.356 as computed.

DECISION RULE

The principle guiding chi-square (x2) method is to reject Ho and accept Hi if

the chi-square (x2) calculated is greater than chi-square tabulated and vice

verse at a certain level of significance with degree of freedom.

Therefore, using 5% level of significance with one (1) degree of freedom,

the tabulated chi-square is (3.841) while the calculated chi-square is

(8.356).Since the calculated or computed chi-square is greater than the

tabulated chi-square, I therefore accept the (Hi) which states that

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Management information system (MIS) increase employee's productivity

which contributes to the attainment of the organizational goals.

4.4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

A number of findings were arrived at when the data collected were analyzed

and the analysis were personally observed as well as the review of the actual

performance of the staff in Skill Touch computer Abuja, who are in the

best position of giving data in respect of their organization.

The question of the questionnaire were designed to find out the positive and

negative effects of the management information system (MIS) in an

organizational productivity. Among the negative effect of the management

information system in an organization or problems affecting information

system are:

It was found that management information increases employee productivity.

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CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter deal with the summary of the findings obtained from the

research study, drawn conclusion and recommendations were also discussed.

5.2 SUMMARY

Chapter one w deals with introduction which comprises the background of

the study, statement of the problems, objectives of the study scope of the

study and limitation of the study as well as definitions of relevant terms.

Chapter two on the other hand will share the understanding of different

authors towards the concept of management information system, the same

chapter will view the role of management information system, concept of

organizational productivity, functions of management information system,

and the advantages and disadvantages of management information system in

skill touch computer center in Abuja.

Chapter Three of this project has viewed the research methodology and clear

description of the research procedures that has be use in the process of

54

carrying out the study. Also it has viewed the approaches to source of data,

population, and sample of the study sampling techniques research instrument

questionnaire design, method of data collection or gathering.

Chapter four data presentation and analysis has explain how data will be

collected from the sampled (Still Touch Computer Center Abuja) through

the use of questionnaire, it will give more highlight on the use of data

analysis, test of hypothesis research findings on the " The Impact of

Management Information System on Organizational Productivity"

5.3 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the running and maintaining in standard management

information system is escalating.

Secondly, the level of projected management skill and the involvement of

management personal in the development process appear to be in-adequate.

Thirdly, it can deduce from the information gotten from the management

information system (MIS) units that there is shortage of used to enhance

their productivity.

Fourthly, they use to experience power failures from time to time which

normally cause stoppage in activities.

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As the managers of management information systems begin to make the

necessary changes to exploit the capabilities offered by (MIS), we will

witness an increasing level of benefits emerging from the management

information system domain.

As a final note, I will like to conclude that the impact and potentials of

management information system (MIS) needs to be viewed as a strong and

important section in an organization.

5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS

The impact of management information system is said to be revenue

generation system. Current trends of MIS shows that of recent revenue from

the MIS and the rate of which various economic sectors are moving into

using it, is so high that, management of information system is becoming a

very large industry. It is expected that the impact of management

information system on business operations be increased substantially. Based

on the forgoing facts, the researcher wish to recommend:

i. That government parastatals, organization and all workforce sectors of

the economy should embrace the use of management information

system, and create such unit in their organization, not minding their

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needs, All they need is to get some professional advisers,

programmers and analysis that are well exposed to offer professional

advice on the use of management information system (MIS).

ii. MIS is a well profitable unit and section that contributes to the up

liftment of our economy in general and the organization if well

maintained.

iii. The researcher also wish to recommend that the rules and regulations

of Skill Touch Computer Center, who sets it up should look critical

into these problems that affects the unit and it activities and apply the

following suggestions.

iv. The company should endeavour to provide computer manual that are

needed for the up to date information to be computerized.

v. The management should also make sure that when there is power

failure, the company’s plant should switch on immediately so that the

work of the unit will be in a continuous process without stoppage.

vi. The management should also try to file the unit so as to aid them in

their problems are linked into the management of the institution (Skill

Touch Computer Center) there will be full assurance that the work of

MIS unit in the institution will reach out on time.

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Documents

MIS project