Mechanical Movements, Devices, Appliances, Contrivances

MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS ,

DEVICES ,APPLIANCES , CONTRIVANCES

AND DETAILS

EMPLOY ED I N THE D ES I GN AN D CONSTRUCTI ON OF

MACH I NER Y FOR EV ERY PURPOS E

CLASS IFIED ARRA NGED FOR REFERENCE FOR THE USE OF ENG INEERS, MECHANICALDRAUGHTS VI EN , MAN AGERS, MECHAN ICS , I NV ENTORS, PA l‘ ENT AGENTS ,

A ND ALL ENGAGE !) I N THE MECH ANICAL AR TS

B Y TH OMAS W ALTER RAB BER

M. I N ST C . E.

F OUR TH E D I T I ON

2603 I l lustra tio n s, E cscrip tihe fi rms a n ti Memo ra nma

It ou‘

d ou

E . F. N . SPON,LIMITED

,125 STRAND

5mm fi n rkSPON CHAMBERLAI N ,

12 CORTLANDT STREET

1 902

P R E F A C E .

EVERY suc c e ssful e n gi n e e r is a bo r n i n ve n to r ; i n d e e d th e da ily work

o f a n e n gi n e e r i n p rac tic e la rge ly c o n sists i n sch em i n g a n d d e vis in g

from p r e vious e xpe r ie n c e n ew a n d imp roved p ro c e sse s , m e th ods , a n d

d etails for ac c om p lish i n g th em ,a n d fo r simplifyin g o r ch eape n i n g o ld

fo rm s o f m achi n e ry a n d th e wo rk th ey p rod uc e , to e n able h im to

suc c e ssfully c om pete w ith oth e r s,wh o ar e p e rhaps as i n ge n ious a n d

e n te rp r isin g as h im se lf.i

I n th e work o f d e sign i n g m ac h i n e ry th e d raughtsm a n h as to r e lym ai n ly o n h is m em o ry fo r i n spiratio n ; a n d

,fo r lac k o f an id e a , has

fre que n tly to wad e th rough n um e r ous volum e s to fin d a d e ta il o r m o ve

me n t to e ffe c t a pa rticula r purpo se . H e n c e,as a rule

,e ve ry m a n

’

s

work run s i n a gro o ve h is pro duc tio n s ge n e ra lly h avi n g th e stam p o f

h is particula r e xpe r ie n c e a n d tra i n i n g c le ar ly m a rke d upo n th em .

I n th e c our se o f tw e n ty -five ye ar s o f suc h exp e r ie n c e , I h ave foun d

th e wa n t o f such a volum e as th e pr e se n t, a n d e n d e a voure d to supplyth e d efic ie n c y i n m y ow n pr ac tic e by p r iva te n ote s a n d ske tc h e s ,

gath e r e d pr om is cuously, u n til th e d iffic ulty o f se le c tio n a n d a r ra n gem e n t

be cam e so appa re n t th at I bega n to c lassi fy th em ,a s th ey e x ist i n th e

fo llowin g page s . A fe w w e eks o f u n usual le isur e h ave e n abled m e to

c om ple te th is wo rk a n d am pli fy it by n um e rous ad d itio n s , a n d i t is

n ow p r e se n te d i n th e h ope th at i t wi ll be fou n d o f e qual se r vic e to

oth e r s e n gage d i n th e h ead -Sp litt i n g ,e xh austi n g wo rk o f sch em i n g

a n d d e v is i n g m ach i n e ry , th an wh ic h I c a n c o n c e ive o f n o h ead -wo rk

m o re w ear i n g a n d a n xious . Se ve ral valuable wo rks h ave alr e ady

v i PREFACE.

foun d n um er ous use r s, a n d th e r e is n o lack o f adm irable c olle ctio n sof m em o ran da

,rule s

,a n d d ata fo r d e sign in g a n d proportio n i n g th e

var ious c o n structive d e ta ils o f m a ch i n e ry ; but, as far as I am awar e,

th e re is n o wo rk i n e xiste n c e wh ich a im s at th e sam e purpo se as is

attempted i n th e fo llowi n g pages , v iz. to p rovid e sid e by sid e sugge stive

sk etch e s of th e var ious m e th od s in use fo r ac c omplish i n g a n y particular

m e ch a n ic al m ovem e n t o r wo rk , i n a form e as ily r e fe rr ed to,a n d d evo id

o f n e ed le ss d eta il a n d e labo ratio n . A ske tch, pr op e r ly e xe cuted , is—to

a prac tic al m a n —worth a fo lio o f d e sc r iptio n ; a n d it is to such th at

th e se page s ar e add re ssed . Fo r th e sam e r easo n it h as be e n d e em e d

un d e sirable to ad d to th e va rious ske tc he s a n y rule s o r table s r e latin g to

str e n gth s o r d im e n sio n s , wh ich m ay be foun d i n n um e r ous we ll-kn own

vo lum e s .

An y sugge stio n s o r add itio n s will be e n te rtai n ed a n d grate fullyackn owle dged .

THOMAS WALTER BARBER.

C O N T E N T S .

ACCUMULATORSAd just i n g d e vi c e sAn c h o ri n gA n ti -fri c t io n be ari n gsAp p ara tus fo r d raw i n g c urve sAutomati c cut o ff. S ee Va lve ge ar

BALANCE w e igh tsBa ll a n d so c ke t j o i n tsBe am -e n g i n e s , typ e s o f

Be ari n gsr e li evi n g p re ssure o n

Be d -p la tas,fou n d a tio n s

,a n d fram i n g o f m a c h i n e s

Be lt ge ari n gp ulle ys

B low i n g a n d e xh aus t i n gBo i le rs

,typ e s o f

Bo lts,&0 .

Bori n g , d ri lli n g , &c .

Brak e s a n d re tard i n g a pp lia n c e s

CAMS,tap p e ts , a n d w ip e rs

Carriage s , c ars , &c .

Ce n tre sCe n tri fuga l fo rc e , a pp lic a tio n s o fCha i n s

,li n ks

, a n d c oup li n gs

Ch o p p i n g , s lic i n g , a n d m i n c i n g

Chuc k s, gri p s , a n d h o ld e rs

C ircular a n d re c ip ro c a t i n g m o t io n

C lutc h e s

vi ii THE ENGI NEER’

S SKETCH -B 0 0K.

Com p e n sati n g a n d ba la n c e w e igh ts

Co n c e n tra te d p ow e rCo n c e n tra ti n g a n d se p ara ti n gCo n d e n si n g a n d c o o l i n g

Co n n e c ti n g ro d s a n d li n k sCo n tra c t i n g a n d e xp a n d i n gCo n vey i n g m e ssage s , &c .

m o tio n to m ovab le p arts

fo r sh afti n g

Cove rs , d o o rs , &c .

Cra n e s , typ e s o fCra n k s a n d e c c e n tri c sCrush i n g, ro lli n g , a n d d is i n te gra t i n gCurve s

,a pp ara tus fo r d r aw i n g

Cush io n i n g

Cutti n g to o ls

DI FFERENTI AL ge arDi s i n tegrat i n gDo ors , c ove rs , m a n h o le s

Draw i n g a n d ro lli n g m e ta ls , X 0 .

c urve s , &c . ,ap p a ra tus fo r

Dri lli n g , bo ri n g, (t o .

E c a rm c s

E la sti c wh e e ls

E llip t i c a l m o tio n

E n gi n e s a n d bo ile rs c om b i n e d , typ e s o ftyp e s o f

Exh aust i n g a n d b low i n g

Exp a n d i n g a n d c o n tra c t i n g d e vic e s

FASTEN I NG wh e e ls to sh afts

Fe e d ge arFi lte ri n gFou n d ati o n s a n d fram i n gFric t i o n gear

CON TENTS .

GEAR,d iffe re n t ialfric tio nreversi n gro p e

1 ,

Ge ari n g, b e ltto o th e d

various d e vi c e s i nGove rn i n g a n d regula ti n g sp e ed , p owe r, &c .

Grip s a n d h o ld e rsGuid e s , sli d e s , &c .

HANDLE S , &c .

He a t i n g ap p l ia n c e s

H in ge s a n d jo i n tsHo ld e rs a n d grip sHo ok s , sw ive ls , (so .

Hyd rauli c m ultip ly i n g ge ar

I MPACT. S e e Strik i n g a n d h amm e ri n gI n c orp o ra ti n gI n d i c a ti n g p ressure , 81 0 .

sp e e d , 850 .

I n te rm i tte n t m o tio n

I ro n a n d s te e l

JETS, n ozzle s , &c .

Jo i n ts an d h i n ge s

Journ a ls,b eari n gs , p ivo ts , &c .

vs , c o tte rs , p i n s , &c .

LEV ELLING a n d plumb i n g

Le ve rsL i n k s

L o c k i n g d e vi c e sLowe ri n gLubri c a tors

86 , 274

1X

THE ENGINEER’

S SKETCH -B 0 0 11 .

MAR INE e n gi n e s , typ e s of

Ma te ria ls o f c o n struc ti o nMe a sur i n g a n d w e igh i n g

Me c h an i c a l p ow e rsMe ssage s , c o n vey i n gMi n c i n g

Mixi n g a n d i n c orp o ra t i n gMo tive p ow e rMo vable p arts , c o n vey i n g m o t io n

Multip ly i n g ge ar—h yd rauli c

N OZZLE S a n d jets 102, 282

PACKI NGS , jo i n ts , s tuffin g-boxe s , &c .

Para lle l m o t io n s

Paw l a n d ra tc h e t m o tio n s , i n te rm i tte n t m o tio n

Pi n s,&c .

Pip e s a n d c o n veyorsPivo tsPla te w orkPlum b i n g a n d le ve lli n gPow e r a n d sp e e d , to vary

m o tivere se rvo irs o ftr a n sm i ss io n o f

Pre ssi n gPropuls io nPum p i n g a n d ra i s i n g wate r

e n gi n e s , typ e s o f

Q UI CK re turn m o tio n s

RA ILS a n d tram road sRai s i n g a n d low e ri n g w e igh ts

wa te r—p um p i n gRa t ch e t a n d p aw l m o tio n s

Re c ip ro c a ti n g a n d c ircular m o tio nR egula ti n g a n d go ve rn i n gRe li evi n g p re ssure o n b e ari n gs

CONTENTS .

Re se rvo irs o f p ow e r , a c c um u lato rsRe tard i n g ap p lia n c e s

Re ve rs i n g ge arRid d li n g a n d s c re e n i n gROp e , b e lt , a n d c h a i n pulleys

ge ari n gRo ll i n g a n d d ra w i n gRo tary e n g i n e s

SAFETY ap p l i a n c e s

Sc re e n i n gSc rew ge ar, b o lts , t e .

Se c ti o n s o f iro n a n d s te e l . S e e Ma te r ia ls

Segm e n ts , w h e e ls i n

Se p ara ti n gSh aft c oup li n gs

Sh a fti n g

S ig n a ls , ézc .

Slic i n g an d m i n c i n g

Slid e a n d o th e r va lve ge arSlid e s guid e s , &c .

So cke t jo i n tsSoun d

Sourc e s o f p owe rSp e e d a n d p ow e r

i n d i c a t i n g

Sp i n d le s a n d c e n tre sSp ri n gsStart i n g v a lve sSte am trap sStri k i n g a n d h amm eri n g—im p a c tStruts a n d t i e sStuffin g bo xe s

Sw ive ls

TANKS a n d c is te rn sTap p e ts

Th row i n g i n a n d out o f ge arTie s a n d strutsTim be r. Se e Ma te ria lsToo ls , c utti n g

xi

xu THE SKE TCH -B OOK.

To o th e d gea ri n g

Tram ro ad sTra n smi s sio n o f p owe r

Trap s , ste amTurb i n e s

V ALV E ge arValve s a n d c o cks

starti n gVariab le m o tio n a n d p owe r

WASH INGWate r-p re ssure e n gi n e sWate r-wh e e ls an d tu rb i n e sW e igh i n g a n d m e asuri n g , i n d ic a ti n g p r e ssur eWh e e ls , e la sti c

fa ste n i n g to sh afts

i n segm e n ts

Wi n dm ills a n d fe ath e ri n g wh e e lsW i n d i n g ap para tusWip e rs

1 0 THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -B 0 0K.

Se c t io n 1 .

— ANOHORING.

1 . R o p e p ulle y a n c h o r—a c a r wh i c h gri p s by s i n ki n g i ts w h e e ls i nth e so i l ; em p loy e d fo r p lough i n g ta c kle s

2 . An c h o r p la te— buri e d i n th e grou n d be lo w a m a s s o f m a so n ry—fo ra tta c h i n g guys , t i e ro d s , dzc . Som e t im e s a fram e

,o r p l a te , l a id o n

th e groun d a n d ba lla s te d , i s th e m e th o d us e d .

3 . S c r e w m o o r i n g, s c re we d i n to th e gro un d .

4. H e a v y sto n e su n k i n th e gro un d a n d h a vi n g a ri n g a tta c h e d ; o r a

m a s s o f c o n c re te , S im i la rly p la c e d , use d fo r guy ro p e s , ti e ro d s , a n dfou n d a ti o n bo l t a t ta c hm e n ts .

5 . G r a p n e l .

6 . M u sh r o om a n c h o r .

7. D oub le fluk e a n c h o r .

8 . M a r ti n ’s p a te n t a n c h o r

,w i th swiv e lli n g fiuke s . Se ve ra l o th e r

p a te n t a n c h o rs a r e m o d ific a t i o n s o f th i s .

Stak e s , w i th o r w i th o ut flan ge s , ve rt i c a l o r h o ri z o n ta l,a r e s om e tim e s

em p lo y e d , th e fla n ge s tak i n g th e c ro s s s tra i n o f th e t i e s,&c . Fe n c i n g

p o s ts , ga te p o s t s , tre e s take s,a n d te n n i s p o l e s a r e o f th is c la s s .

Se c t io n Q .

— ADJUSTI N G DEV ICES.

Fo r a djus tm e n t by Sc re w s , s e e S e c t io n 78 , a n d by W e d ge s , s e e Se c ti o n 3 6 .

Th e s e a r e th e c omm o n e s t a pp l i a n c e s em p loy e d Fo r Cam s a l s o, se e

Se c t io n 9 . Fo r a d jus t i n g Pe d e s ta l Bra s se s , s e e Se c ti o n 46 .

Fo r adj us tm e n ts by k ey s , c o tte rs , &c .,s e e Se c t i o n 3 7. Se e a ls o No s . 25 1

,

269,a n d 297.

9 . S p l i t c o n e s le e v e s a n d s e t s c r ew a d jus tm e n t fo r a re vo lvi n gs ta n d a rd , o r S im i la r d e ta i l , w h e re th e re i s m uc h w e a r o r gr e a t

a c c ura cy i s re quire d i n th e re vo lvi n g b e a ri n g.

10 . C e n tr e -li n e a d ju stm e n t fo r la th e h e ad s to c ks , &c .

1 1 . V a r i a b le c u r v e a d ju s tm e n t ; use d i n C om p a s s p la n e s, i n s trum e n t s

fo r d ra wi n g a rc s o f Circ l e s , &c .

12. V e r ti c a l sh a ft fo o ts te p a d ju s tm e n t ; em p l oy e d o n n n l ls to n e s,

h o riz o n ta l gri n d i n g m i ll s,&c . , to re gula te th e Sp a c e b e tw e e n th e

g ri n d i n g surfa c e s . S e e No . 26 1 .

THE ENG INEER S SKETCH -B OOK. l l

[ 2 THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

S i d e s c r ew a d ju s tm e n t fo r i n j e c to rs, je t p um p s , &c .

L e v e l l i n g a d jus tm e n t ; c a n b e use d w i th e i th e r 3 o r 4 s c re ws : fo rte le s c o p e a n d l e ve l s ta n d s

,th e o d o li te s , &c .

H o r i zo n ta l c e n tr a l a d ju s tm e n t fo r fo o tste p s , &c .

S lo tte d l i n k a n d lo c k n ut fo r a djus ti n g a n gl e o f a le ve r.D i s c a n d r i n g w i th p art i a l a n gular a djus tm e n t by a s c re w a n d n ut ;

use d fo r s c re w i n g d i e s , s e l f-c e n te ri n g c h uc ks , &c . Th e n ut a n d

b e a ri n g o f th e s c re w h ave a l l o w a n c e fo r s wive l l i n g.

Pi n a n d h o le a d ju stm e n t fo r a le ve r o r s im i l a r d e ta il .W e d ge b e a r i n g fo r l o c om o tive h o rn p late guid e s , s lid e bars

,a n d

s im i la r p a rts subj e c t to w e a r.R igh t a n d le f t-h a n d s c r ew a n d W e d ge a d ju stm e n t fo r ro l le rb e a ri n gs , &c .

Ad jus tm e n t fo r W e a r us e d o n e n gi n e c ro s sh e a d s to take up th e we aro f th e w o rk i n g fa c e s .

Adjus tabl e Cra n e Ba la n c e W e igh ts , Se c ti o n 18 .

Adj us table V-gu id e s , N o s . 700 a n d 704.

Se c t io n 3 .

—BELT G EARI N G .

Mate r ia ls em p lo ye d a r e z—L e a th e r , c o tto n , guttap e r c h a , i n d ia r ubb e r , c a n vas , c am e l-h a i r ,c a tgut , fla t w i r e o r h em p rop e , st e e l ba n d s , fla t c h a i n s , &c .

22. O r d i n a ry b e lt p ulle y , c rown e d o n fa c e'

to re ta i n th e be lt o n th ec e n tre o f th e pu lley .

3 . D o ub le -fla n ge d p ulle y , fla t o n fa c e , som e tim e s c row n e d , a s No . 22 .

24. S i n gle -fla n ge d p ull e y fo r h o ri z o n ta l d rivi n g.

25 . O p e n b e lt ge a r ; run s be s t a s sh own , w i th th e Sla ck h a lf o f th e b e lta t t op .

26 . C r o s s e d b e lt to re ve rs e m o t io n o n th e d rive n sh a ft. Al so to obta i n

m o re gr ip fo r th e b e l t th a n w i th o p e n b e lt s .

27. M o d e o f d r i v i n g wh e n th e sh a fts a r e a t ri gh t a n gl e s to o n e a n o th e r .28 . IVI o d e o f d r i v i n g w i th sh afts a t . a n ob tuse a n gl e , s om e t im e s use d

i n s t e a d o f be ve l whe e l s .

29 . Ar r a n gem e n t a d o p te d W h e n th e p ulle y s c a n n o t b e go t i nl i n e w i th o n e a n o th e r

, o r th e sh a f ts a r e to o c l o se toge th e r t o d rivew e l l d i re c t . Sh o rt be l ts s e ld om w o rk w e ll .

B e lts a r e fre que n tly a rra n ge d to p a s s u n d e r a n d o ve r s e ve ra l pulle y s s oa s to d rive s e ve ra l sh af ts by o n e b e l t .

Fo r re ve rs i n g by b e l t ge ar, s e e Se c t io n 74. Gut ba n d s ( roun d ) a r e w o rke do ve r V-

gro o ve d pul l ey s ; s e e Rop e Ge a r i n g , S e c t i o n 6 6 . B e lts m ay be

ke p t t igh t by t i gh te n i n g pulle y s , s e e N o . 1207. Fo r roun d b e lts,s e e R op e

Ge a ri n g, Se c t io n 6 6 . V -b e lts a r e o c c a s i o n a lly us e d ,fo rm e d o f th i c k n e ss e s

o f l e a th e r rive te d toge th e r , c ut to a V -s e c t io n,a n d wo rke d o ve r V -

gro o ve dpulley s .

Se c t io n 4.

-BALL-AND-SOCKET JO I NTS.

3 0 . U n i v e r s a l h i n ge .

‘

Th e a rm c a n be fixe d i n a n y re quire d p o s iti o nby t igh te n i n g th e g la n d . Use ful fo r s ta n d s fo r a rti c l e s t o be

e xh ibi te d i n a n y p o s i t io n ,t e l e s c o p e s , &c .

1 Pi p e j o i n t, w i th s im i lar c apabi li t i e s .

0K.-B 0CHETER S SKEGI NENETH 1 3

1 4 THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

3 2 . Sam e a s No . 1 6 , but w i th s c re we d gla n d . I f use d w i th o ut th e a rm,i t

fo rm s th e o rd i n a ry ball c a s to r .

3 3 3 4. D r . H o o k e ’s u n iv e r s a l j o i n t . Se e app li c a ti o n ,No . 292 .

Se e a lso N o s . 1 3 5 9 a n d 73 2

Ga s p e n d a n ts a r e susp e n d e d w i th a jo i n t s im i la r to No . 3 1, but th e ba ll ,

h avi n g o n ly a re s tri c te d a n gula r m o t i o n ,i s c ut d ow n to a s egm e n t o n ly .

Se ct io n 5 .

—BRA I ( ES AND RETARDI N G APPLI A NCES.

To re tard o r arre s t m o t io n (re vo lv i n g o r re c t il i n e a r).

35 . S tr a p a n d le v e r b r a k e . Th e s trap i s u sua l ly fa c e d wi th wo od o r

le a th e r , but s om e t im e s i s u s e d w i th ou t e i th e r. W o o d i s l iable tob e c o m e n o isy . L e a th e r g ive s th e b e s t gr ip . I ro n up o n i ro n

,o r

w o o d up o n i ro n i s n o t sa fe i f li able t o b e c om e o i ly o r w e t .

6 . B lo c k a n d le v e r b r a k e . W o o d o r c a s t-i ro n blo ck s a r e use d .

3 7. C om p o u n d b lo c k a n d le v e r b r a k e ; a vo id s p utt i n g c ro s s s tra i no n th e sh aft us e d o n w i n d i n g e n gi n e s , &c .

3 8 . I n te r n a l to ggle b r a k e,

e m p l oy e d fo r fri c t io n c lutc h e s . Se e

Se c t io n 15 . Th e i n n e r ri n g i s turn e d t o fit I w e e l y i h -id e th e o ute rri n g a n d sp li t , th e toggle s b e i n g a rra n ge d a s sh o wn to e xp a n d th eri n g t i l l i t I S l u c k e d to th e o ute r ri n g.

3 9 a 40 . D o ub le b lo c k a n d le v e r b r ak e o n wh e e l r im gs’

p

'

s th e wh e e lr im b e tw e e n t h e le ve r s t o k s o r jaw s . Th e s tra i n s a re s e lf-c o n ta i n e d .

D i s c b r a k e ; c o n s i d e rab le e n d p re s sure i s re qui re d w i th th i s fo rm,

a n d m us t b e a rra n ge d fo r i n th e b e a ri n gs o f the sh a ft .

42 . C om p ou n d d i s c b r a k e . Se ve r al d is c s m ay b e e mp loy e d , sli d i n g o n

fe a th e rs o n th e Sh af t .

F a n b r a k e ; m ay b e run o p e n ly i n a i r , o r e n c lo se d i n a d rum w i th

w a te r, o il , o r o th e r l iquid . ( Se c Al l e n’

s p a t e n t Go v e rn o r,&C .)

44. S p r i n g b r ak e , a c ti n g o n a sm a l l gro o ve d pul l e y fo r l igh t purp o se s .

45 . R o p e b r a k e o r gr i p , w i th to ggle m o ti o n ,a n d sc re w fo r re li e vi n g.

46 . R o p e b r a k e : grip s by th e a n gula r d i s ta n c e b e t we e n th e jaw c e n tre sb e c om i n g le s s a s th e l e ve r e n d fa l ls .

47. R o p e b r a k e ; w i th c am le ve r grip p i n g m o t io n .

48 . E c c e n tr i c a c t i o n le v e r a n d b lo c k b r a k e . Th e e c c e n tri c i s fixe dt o th e b rake le ve r. Th i s p lan a lso avo i d s c ro s s s tra i n o n th e Sh a ft .

49 . S tr a p a n d s c r e w b r a k e .

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I 6 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

5 1 , 52. Th r e e fo rm s o f c a r b r ak e s . Se e a lso th e c om m o n “skid

o r c art brake .

53 . C om b i n e d str ap a n d le v e r b r a k e .

54. S h a ft gr i p , o r b r a k e .

5 5 . C e n tr i fuga l b r a k e , o r c lutc h . Th e w e igh t s e gm e n ts ar e d r ive ni n to c o n tac t w i th th e ri n g by c e n trifuga l fo rc e . Sp ri n gs m ay be

us e d to r e turn th em o ut o f a c tio n .

5 6 . Th r e e -s e gm e n t c om p o u n d b r a k e : grip s th e w h e e l a l l roun d .

57. C om p oun d b a r b r a k e , w i th righ t a n d le ft h a n d s c rew grip le ve rs ,use d fo r h e avy gun c om p r e sso rs .

58 . C om p oun d r i n g b r a k e , o n s im i la r p ri n c ip le to No . 57. Se e rem ark sto No . 41 .

59 . W e d ge a n d sp l i t r i n g, us e d fo r i n te rn a l brake ri n g o r c lutc h ,i n a

s im i lar w ay to No . 3 8 .

60 . H o llow d rum s , w i th r a d i a l p o c k e ts , h a l f fil le d w i th lo o sem a te ria l o r wa te r

,m e rcury , &c .

,wh i c h re ta rd th e m o tio n o f th e

d rum by th e w e igh t a n d fri c t io n o f th e l o o se m a te ria l .A n hyd rauli c c yl i n d e r a n d p i s to n i s fre que n t ly use d a s a brak e o r re tard i n g

d e vi c e fo r re c ip ro c a t i n g m o ti o n ,th e wa te r p a ss i n g from o n e s id e o f th e p i s to n

to th e o th e r,th ro ugh a n a djus table valve . Fr i c ti o n brak e s a r e em p l oy e d a s

d y n am om e te rs to i n d i c a te th e p o w e r give n o ff o r abso rbe d by a n y p i e c e o f

m a c h i n e ry . Autom a ti c brake s ( s e e Se c tio n s 15 a n d 6 9) a r e use d fo r

h o i s ti n g m a c h i n e ry , &c .

B rush e s , fo rm e d o f s tiff bri s tle s o r w ire , ar e use d a s a re tard i n g d e vi c efo r Ci r c ula r o r re c t i li n e a r m o tio n .

Se c t io n 6 .

—TYPES O F BO I LERS.

V e sse ls o r c o n ta i n e rs o f e ve ry c o n c e ivable sh ap e h ave be e n us e d a s bo i le r s .

Ma n y o f th e o ld e r typ e s a r e n ow o bso le te , but th e fo llo wi n g a r e

th o s e m o s t c omm o n ly us e d

V E RT I CAL B O I LE R S .

6 1 . O r d i n a r y c e n tr e flu e b o i le r . Som e tim e s th e c e n tre fin e i s sur

roun d e d w i th tub e s, a s N o . 6 5 .

62. V e r ti c a l m u lti tubula r .

6 3 . V e r ti c a l b o i le r , w i th d i ago n a l tube s a n d sm ok e boxe s .64. V e r ti c a l r e tur n -flu e .

“ Po t ” b o i le r .

6 6 . Fi e ld b o i le r w i th susp e n d e d tube s a n d i n te rn a l c irc ula ti n g tube s67. V e r ti c a l e gg-e n d b o i le r w i th Sp i ra l flue . La rge ve rti c al bo i le rs

som e t im e s h ave c ro s s flue s , o r la rge tube s .

H O R I Z O N TAL B O I LE R S .

68 . Po r tab le “ lo c o -ty p e”m ult itubula r .

Fix e d r e tur n -tub e .

THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

I 8 THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

70 . F ix e d “ lo c o -ty p e m ul t itubula r ; a favo ri te a n d use ful fo rm, givi n g

go o d re sul ts , a n d e a s i ly c le a n e d .

71 . Fix e d “ lo c o -ty p e , w i th un d e rn e a th fir e -box ; s om e t im e s us e d to

e c o n om i s e sp a c e , i s s e lf-c o n ta i n e d,a n d usually s ta n d s o n c a st-iro n

fe e t .

Multi tubula r -h o r i zo n ta l s e lf c o n ta i n e d ; o n c a st-iro n fe e t.

73 . E gg-e n d b o i le r ; n o t m uc h use d exc e p t wh e re th e c o al burn t p e r h .p .

p e r h our i s n o t a n im p o rta n t c o n s i d e ra t i o n .

74. C o r n i sh o n e fin e , w i th e n large d fir e -box tube . Th i s typ e i s o fte n

m ad e w i th a p a rall e l fin e w i th c ro s s tube s fixe d a t i n te rva ls th rough

o ut i ts l e n gth .

75 .

“ L a n c a sh i r e two flue s ; s om e t im e s h a s e n large d fir e -box tub e s ,

a s N o . 74.

76 . O v a l flu e b o i le r , w i th Galloway tub e s . Th e La n c a sh i re typ e i s

fre que n tly c om b i n e d w i th th i s fo rm by arra n gi n g th e two c irc ula r

fiue s t o o p e n i n to o n e o va l o n e .

77 78 . E le p h a n t b o i le r s e mp loy e d i n c o n n e c tio n w ith c ok e ov e n s

a n d o th e r s ourc e s o f was te h e a t .

MAR I N E B O I LE R S .

79 . O r d i n a r y b o x fo rm , w i th i n te rn a l fir e -box a n d r e turn flue .

80 . S am e ty p e . but w i th two fir e -boxe s a n d m ulti tubular re turn tube s.

8 1 . U n d e r n e a th fir e -b o x e s a n d mult i tubular re turn tube s above th e

fire -boxe s , s om e t im e s d up l i c a te d , a s No . 82.

THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH-B OOK. 1 9

2 0 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -BOOK.

83 . H a s tw o c e n tr a l fir e -b o x e s a n d s i d e re turn -tube s .

Th e fo re go i n g bo x p a t te rn s a r e rap id ly go i n g o ut o f us e , a s un sui table fo rth e h igh e r p re s sure s p re va i l i n g w i th c om p o un d e n gi n e s .

84. C y l i n d r i c a l b o i le r , w i th th re e fir e tub e s a n d th re e s e ts o f re turntube s . Th is fo rm i s m uch us e d , th e surfa c e s re quiri n g s tay s be i n gve ry l im i te d . I t i s m ad e w i th d o uble fir e -boxe s a s sh o wn

, o r w i ths i n gle fir e -bo x , a s N o . 8 1 .

85 . C y li n d r i c a l s i n gle fi n e a n d re turn -tub e .

8 6 . C y li n d r i c a l S i n gl e flu e a n d m ul ti tubula r.87. C y l i n d r i c a l d o ub le flu e a n d m ult i tubular

,lo n g itud i n a l se c t i o n

s im i la r to N o . 86 .

88 . C y l i n d r i c a l s a d d l e b o i le r , m ulti tubula r, use d fo r sh a l low ve s s e l s,

lau n c h e s , &c .

H OUSEH O LD B O I LE R S .

89 . Ki tc h e n “e l l b o i le r .

90 . Ki tc h e n o r b a c k b o i l e r , fo r o rd i n ary gra te s91 .

“ S a d d le b o i l e r . Th e va ri e t ie s o f th i s typ e a r e le g io n . E v e ry c o n c e i v

able c ro s s-bri d ge ,w a te r-way ,tub e , a n d fin e h a s be e n a d d e d to i t by vari o usm ak e rs . Se e Me ssrs . Grah am a n d Fle m i n g, a n d o th e r m ak e rs ’ L i s ts .

92 . A n n u la r c y li n d r i c a l gre e n h o us e bo i le r .

A n n u la r c o n o i d a l gre e n h o us e bo i le r .

V e r ti c a l c y l i n d r i c a l , c lo s e d t 0 p gre e n h ous e bo i le r.Th e la s t fo ur a r e typ e s o f th e gre e n h ous e bo ile rs m o s t i n use .

Th e y a r e usua lly o f w rough t i ro n ,a n d a ll s e am s w e ld e d .

9 5 . B a c k b o i le r fo r o rd i n ary re gi s te r gra t e .

9 6 .

“ B o o t ”

b o i le r .

97. S c ul le r y , o r w a s h -h o u s e b o i le r .

98 . S c u ll e r y , o r w a s h -h o u s e b o i le r,h e a te d b y ste am . I n publi c

laun d ri e s th e s e a r e usua l ly re c ta n gula r i n p la n .

C o i l b o i l e r , us e d fo r sm a l l gre e n h o us e s , &c .

100. S e c ti o n a l , o r“ Tubulous ” b o i l e r Ro o t

’

s,a n d o th e rs , ar e o n

th i s p ri n c ip l e . Th e y a r e c o n s truc te d o f s im p le p ip e s a n d T o r

L p i e c e s , usua l ly b o l te d t oge th e r.

Se c t io n 7.

— BLOWI N G AND EXHAUSTI N G .

Som e o f th e m e c h a n i c a l blowe rs a r e to o w e l l k n ow n to n e e d i l lus tra t io nh e re ; suc h a r e th e o rd i n a ry B e am Blo w i n g E n g i n e , a s i n use fo r

bla s t furn ac e s,V e rti c a l Blo w i n g E n gi n e , a n d H o rizo n ta l B lo wi n g

E n gi n e . I n a l l th e se a c y l i n d e r a n d p isto n fo rm th e blowi n gd e vi c e . N e a rly e ve ry fo rm o f ro tary e n gi n e ( se e Se c ti o n 75 ) m ay ,

by re ve rsa l , b e c o n ve rte d i n to a blow i n g m a c h i n e . Se e Ro o t’

s

p a te n t , N o . 13 07 ; Bake r’

s , 13 25 , a n d o th e rs i n c om m o n us e .

Fa n s , c e n tri fuga l , ( s e e N o . 13 37) a r e s t i ll th e c om m o n e s t b l o w i n gm a c h i n e s

,a n d a r e e sp e c i a l ly su i te d fo r l igh t p re s sure s a n d la rge

vo lum e s o f a i r ; but fo r p re ssure s o f from 3 lb . p e r squa re i n c ha n d upw ard s , th e ro tary o r c y li n d e r typ e s a r e be s t . Th e fo llo w i n ga r e d e v i c e s n o t so we l l k n o w n , but s om e t im e s us e ful

101 . Th e T r om p e ,”o r W a te r—j e t b low e r . Wa te r u n d e r p re s sure i s

d i s c h arge d th ro ugh a ro s e i n to a fun n e l -Sh ap e d i n le t , c a rry i n g w i thi t a qua n ti ty o f a i r (s e e Se c t io n th e wa te r ru n s o ff a t an

o ve rflo w , a n d th e a i r i s l e d aw ay by a p ip e .

102 . S t e am -j e t b lo w e r . (S e e Se c t io n

THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -BOOK.

2 2 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

O rga n b e llow s . Th e l ow e r “ fe e d e rs p um p a lte rn a te ly i n to

th e d ouble -t i e r up p e r re s e rvo ir , wh i c h h a s th e up p e r s e t o f ri bsi n ve rte d , a s sh o w n , to e qua l i s e th e p re s sure th ro ugh o ut i ts ri s e .

Th e re s e rvo i r i s lo ad e d w i th w e igh ts to th e re qu ire d p re s sure .

Sm i t h s’

b e llow s , e i th e r c i rc ul ar o r h i n ge d a t o n e s i d e .

Th e va l ve s us e d fo r be l lo w s a r e p la i n fla p v a lve s fa c e d w i th

le a th e r s im i la r to N o . 1 6 19 .

B e ll , o r ga s om e te r b lo w e r , fo r li gh t p re s sure s a n d large vo lum e s .

R e gu la to r , o r r e s e r v o i r , fo r bl o w i n g e n gi n e s to s t e ad y th e b la s t .

Th e w e igh t e d p i s to n s e rve s th e s am e p urp o s e a s a n a i r ve s s e l toth e o rd i n a ry pum p .

D i s c b low e r , w i th e la s t i c d iaph ragm p i s to n .

O n e -c r a n k t h r e e -t h r ow b low e r , fo r o rga n s , &c to give a c o n

t in uous bla s t. Th e th re e fe e d e r s d e l i ve r i n to th e c e n tra l t r ia n gular b o x .

Sec t io n 8 .

—BEDPLATES,FOUNDATION S

,AND FRAMI N G

OF MACHI N ES.

Th e sk e le to n fram i n g o f a m a c h i n e fo r a n y p urp o s e sh oul d be rigid , a s

109 .

1 10 .

1 11 .

1 12 .

1 13 .

1 14.

1 15 .

11 6 .

1 17.

1 18 .

1 19 .

120 .

121 .

122 .

ligh t a s i s c o n s i s te n t w i th s t r e n gth a n d s tab il i ty ( i n som e c aSe s

w e igh t i s n e c e s sary to m i n im i s e vibra ti o n ) , a n d th e ribs , o r

m em be rs o f th e fram e, sh o uld be s o d i sp o s e d a s to a ffo rd th e

re qui s i t e supp o rt fo r a l l be ari n gs , c e n tre s , &c .,w i th o ut re d un d a n c e ;

a n d la s tly , symm e t ry , a n d a c e rta i n d e gre e o f e l e ga n c e a n d p r o

p o rt :o n ,a r e d e s i r ab l e . Th e I l lus tra ti o n s a r e n e c e s sa r i ly typ i c a l

o n ly , a rid sugge s ti ve .

G i r d e r s e c ti o n b e d p la te fo r h o riz o n ta l d i s tribute d bea ri n g, a s i na h o r izo n ta l e n gi n e . I t m ry be us e d d o ub l e

,a n d th e two p a rts

c o n n e c te d by c ro ss p i e c e s a n d bo l t s , a s N o . 1 12.

O p e n b o x b e d p l a te .

C lo s e d b o x b e d p la te .

D o ub le b o x b e d p la t e w i th c ro ss t i e p i e c e s .

Square o r re c ta n gula r b e d p la te s a r e usua lly o f s im i lar s e c t io n s ,s t i ffe n e d w i th ribs u n d e r n e a th , a n d ge n e ra lly c a s t i n o n e p i e c e .

S i d e fr am e a n d d i sta n c e r o d c o n s tru c t i o n ,sui table fo r l i gh t

m a c h i n e s .

S i d e fr am e s a n d c r o s s b a r s o n a ba se p la te . Th i s fo rm s a m o rer igid c o n s truc t io n th a n No . 1 13 .

T a b l e a n d le gs .

R e c ta n gu la r o p e n w o r k b o x fr am i n g. Us e ful fo r m a c h i n e s w i th

s e ve ra l c ro s s Sh a fts .

H o llow s t a n d a r d fo r h amm e rs,ve rti c a l e n gi n e s , a n d a n y m a c h i n e

ra i s e d a bo ve th e flo o r .

S o le p la t e a n d s ta n d a r d fo r p e d e s ta l bra c k e t , &c . Adm its o f

be i n g d e ta c h e d w i th o ut d i s turbi n g th e fou n d a ti o n .

W a l l b o x fo r Sh aft be a ri n gs , &c .

Ar c h e d c r o s sh e a d fo r d o ub l e b e a r i n g, be vi l ge a r , &c .

W r o ugh t -i r o n s i d e p l a t e a n d d i s ta n c e r o d c o n stru c ti o n .

W a l l b r a c k e t , w i th w a l l fla n ge , o r t o n gue , to tak e th e ve rt i c a l s tra i n .

W r ough t-i n n r e c ta n gu la r b e d p la t e .



124. B a s e p la te fo r c o lum n,&c .

,w i th c o n c re te foun d a t i o n . Th e bo lts

a r e usua lly T h e ad e d ( se e N o . i n o p e n re c e s se s , s o a s to b e

e as i ly rem o ve d w i th out d i s turbi n g th e ba s e p la te .

125 . D o v e ta i l a n d k e y fix i n g fo r bra c ke ts , be a r i n gs , o r an y s ep ara ted e ta i l o f fram i n g.

126 . F o u n d a ti o n fo r b o x b e d p la te s .

127. V e r t i c a l c o lum n a r,o r d i s t a n c e r o d c o n s truc ti o n , use d fo r m ari n e

e n gi n e s , ve rti c a l e n g i n e s , pre sse s , &c .

128. Pli n th , c o lum n , e n ta b la tur e , a n d c r o s s b r a c i n g, use d fo r

be am e n gi n e s a n d m a c h i n e ry o f a s traggli n g ki n d w i th m a n y

d e ta c h e d p arts .

129 . F la t b a r s i d e fr am i n g, s tro n g, li gh t , a n d c h e ap , but n o t ve ry ri gid .

13 0 . W r o ugh t-i r o n L a n d fla t b a r r e c ta n gula r fr am e,sui table

wh e re gre a t rigi d i ty i s n o t n e e d e d , but wh e re c a s t-i ro n i s n o t sa fe

o r d e s irabl e .

Wrough t-iro n i s be c om i n g m uc h m o re large ly em p loy e d fo r th e fram i n go f ge n e ra l m a c h i n e ry th a n h e re to fo re , a n d i t i s c ustom ary i n m a n y c a se s to

supp lem e n t a c a s t iro n ba se o r fram e w i th w rough t i ro n o r s te e l bars .

Se c t io n 9 .

— CAM,TAPPET,

AND WIPER G EAR.

Fo r p ro d uc i n g, fr om p la i n c i rc ula r,o r r e e l p r o c a t i n g m o ti o n , va ri able sp e e d

o r m o t i o n , al so i n te rm i tte n t a n d e ve ry ki n d o f i rre gula r m o ti o n .

Cam s ar e e i th e r o p e n o r c o v e re d . No s . 13 1 , 13 2 , a n d 13 3 a r e o p e n

c am s ; No s . 1 37 a n d 138 , c ove re d c am s .

13 1 , 1 3 2 , 13 3 . Th re e fo rm s o f th e “ h e a r t c am ,fo r givi n g a regular

o r i n te rm i tte n t ve rti c a l m o ti o n to a le v e r e n d .

13 4. C r o w n c am fo r ve rti c a l sh aft.

13 5 13 6 . Jum p i n g c am s .

13 7. C o v e r e d h e a r t c am .

13 8 . C o v e r e d c r ow n c am .

13 9 . W i p e r a n d l e v e r m o ti o n .

140 . Tw i s te d b a r w i th sli d i n g bush , wh i c h trave ls from e n d to e n d o f

th e bar , a n d be i n g p re ve n te d from turn i n g, c aus e s th e bar to turn o n

i ts a x i s to th e am oun t o f i ts tw i s t .

141 . C r a n k p i n a n d‘

s lo tte d le v e r ; give s a variable sp e e d wi th quickre turn .

THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -B OOK. 2 :

2 6 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

142 . Sp i r a l r a d ius b a r fo r op e n in g valve . Th e valve i s l ifte d o ff i ts

s e a t by th e rad ia l m o ti o n o f th e l e ve r aga i n s t th e i n c li n e d rad iusba r .

143 . C r a n k p i n a n d s lo tte d le v e r m o ti o n ,w i th slo t arra n ge d fo r

1r r egul a r o r i n t e rm i tte n t m o ti o n .

144. E c c e n tr i c a n d s lo tte d a rm . Th e p i n a t th e top o f th e a rm h a s

bo th a ve rti c a l a n d h o riz o n ta l m o ti o n , c ausi n g i t to tra c e a n

e llip s e , th e p i n up o n wh i ch th e slo t run s be i n g fixe d .

145 . W i p e r a n d le v e r m o ti o n,w i th rubbi n g p la te ; use d fo r Co rn i sh

va lve s,&c .

S tam p m i ll .

S c r o ll c am .

C r a n k a n d le v e r , i n te rm i tte n t o r c o n ti n uous m otio n .

Pi sto n , o r v a lv e r o d a n d le v e r m o ti o n .

S im i la r m o v em e n t,but w i th an ti -fri c tio n ro lle r o n e n d o f le ve r.

R o d a n d le v e r r e c i p r o c a ti n g m o ti o n,w i th a n ti -fri c ti o n ro lle r.

152 . S im i la r m o v e m e n t, w i th a so ck e t fo rge d i n th e r o d a n d th e e n d

o f le ve r ro un d e d to a llo w fo r a n gul a r m o t i o n .

153 . D i ago n a l d i s c c am ,o r

“sw a sh p l a te .

154. M o ti o n fo r b e lt sh i fti n g w i th d e ad trave l a t h alf s tr oke . Th i s

a llow s th e l e ve r to m o ve a c e rta i n d i s ta n c e o n e a c h s id e o f th e

c e n tre w i th out m o vi n g th e be lt sh i ft i n g ba r .

155 15 6 . S e c to r s a n d b e n t le v e r , use d o n Co rn i sh e n gi n e va lve ge ar.

157. T le v e r v a lv e m o ti o n ,us e d i n ro ck d rills , s om e fo rm s o f s te am

e n gi n e s , &c .

158 . F o u r -b o lt c am p la t e , use d fo r sc rewi n g d i e s , lo oks fo r firep ro o fs afe s , &c .

159 . S lo t , c am ,a n d le v e r m o ti o n .

160 . fi a r r e l m o ti o n fo r m us i c al i n s trum e n ts, lo om s , &c . ,

i n wh i c h th e

barre l i s p r ov id e d wi th p i n s o r s tap l e s to li ft th e re sp e c tiv e le ve r s .

THE ENGI NEER ’

S SKE TCH -B OOK.

r s THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH-B OOK.

D rum W i th sp i r a l v a n e s o f lo n g p i tc h , o p e ra te d by a re vo lvi n garm o n a sh aft a t righ t a n gle s to th e c am sh a ft

,use d fo r i n te r

m i tte n t c i rc ula r m o ti o n .

V o lute a n d le v e r .

D oub le s c r e w ,fo r c o n ve rti n g c irc ula r i n to re c ip ro c a ti n g m o ti o n °

h a s a righ t a n d le f t h a n d sc re w th re a d,a n d a sh uttl e a tta ch e d to

th e le ve r e n d sh ap e d to fit th e thr e a d,a n d c ap able o f sw ive l li n g

to turn th e a n gl e fo r re ve rs in g.

E c c e n tr i c r i n g a n d r o lle r m o ti o n,fo r c o n ve rti n g c irc ula r i n to

re c ipro c a t i n g m o t io n .

Tr i a n gu la r c am . G ive s th re e re c ip ro c a t io n s to th e sli d i n g ba r i no n e re vo l uti o n o f th e c am .

Fa n fo r giv i n g m o t io n to s e ve ra l ro d s o r a rm s a t o n e t im e,use d fo r

o rga n c om p o s 1 ti o n p e d a l m o ve m e n t,&c .

C r o s s e d le v e r m o ti o n w i th i n c li n ed c o n ta c t sur fa c e s,th e le ve rs

be i n g a t r igh t a n gl e s to o n e a n o th e r.

Se ct io n 10 .— C RAN K AND EGGENTRIC G EAR .

B e n t c r a n k o f rou n d s e c ti o n ; re ta i n s th e fibre a n d s tre n gth o f th e

m e tal .

S qu a r e fo rge d c r a n k . Th e c ra n k arm i s usually fo rge d s o l id an dth e sl o t c ut o ut by m a c h i n e .

Bu i lt-up c r a n k . Th e re ar e o th e r m e th o d s o f bui ld i n g th e m . Se e

Jil e chomic a l Wo r ld,D e c e m b e r 1885 . Se e a l so N o . 182 .

S i n gl e c r a n k ,usual ly o f w ro ugh t i ro n ,

but o fte n m ad e w i th c a st

i ro n a rm .

172. Di s c c r a n k . Th'

s fo rm i s ge n e ra lly ad o p te d wh e n c a st i ro n i s

e m p lo y e d , a n d th e c ou n te rba la n c e w e igh t c a s t up o n i t , to ba la n c eth e c o n n e c t i n g r o d

,850 .

173 . C oun te r b a l a n c e d s i n gle o r d o ub le c r a n k .

174 175 . TW O fo rm s o f c r a n k p i n e c c e n tr i c s ; som e tim e s use d to

d rive th e s l id e va lve i n ste ad o f th e o rd i n ary sh e a ve a n d s trap , a sNo . 183 .

176 . C r a n k p i n s e t i n a b o s s fo rm e d o n th e d r iv i n g W h e e l.177. D o ub l e r o d c r a n k .

178 , 179 , 181 . H a n d c r a n k s . Th e se sh o uld a lway s b e fitte d w i th a

lo o s e fe rrule o f w o o d fo r th e h a n d i f p o s s ib le , a s m uc h p ow e r i slo s t by th e s l ip p i n g o f th e h a n d to c h a n ge i ts grip a s th e c ra n kr e vo lve s .

1180. S o l i d th r e e -th r oW c r a n k s h a ft,turn e d o ut o f a sol id fo rgi n g.

THE ENGI NEER ’

S SKE TCH -B OOK.

3 0 THE ENGI NEER’

S SKETCH -B OOK.

182. Bui lt c r a n k . Se ve ra l m o d ific a tio n s o f th is a r e i n use fo r largem ari n e sh afts .

183 . S o li d sh e av e e c c e n tr i c .

184 185 . Sp li t sh e av e e c c e n tr i c s .

L a rge e c c e n tri c s c ause gre a t lo ss from fr i c tio n,un le ss p r ovi d e d

w i th fr ic t io n ro lle rs i n th e sh e ave ; but a r e s om e tim e s us e d to

avo id a n ad d i ti o n a l c ra n k i n sh a ft .

186 . E c c e n tr i c m o ti o n fo r m ultip lyi n g trave l o f e c c e n tric by le ve rage .

187. C r a n k m o ti o n t o tur n a n a n gle i n s te ad o f be vi l ge ar a n d sh a ft,

th e c ra n ks be i n g o f th e fo rm o f N o s . 174 o r 175 .

188 . Sh i fti n g o r v a r i ab le th r ow e c c e n tr i c . Th e sh e ave i s slo tte dto fit th e sh aft

,a n d i ts th row i s go ve r n e d by a d i s c h avi n g a sp ira l

sl o t a n d lo c k i n g bo lt.189 . A n o th e r fo rm o f sh i fti n g e c c e n tr i c . Th e s lid i n g blo ck i s

arra n ge d t o lo c k i n a n y p art o f th e slo t i n th e sh e ave .

190 . An o th e r fo rm o f s h i fti n g e c c e n tr i c , i n wh i c h th e sh e ave i sl o o se o n a n e c c e n tric bo s s c a s t w i th th e w o rm wh e e l

,a n d i s

r evo lve d by th e w o rm ,th e b e a ri n gs o f wh i c h a r e fixe d to th e

sh e ave .

Se e also No s . 6 06 , 712 , 720 , 728 , 729.

Se e a ls o Se c ti o n s 40 a n d 79 .

Se ct io n 11 .

— C HAI NS AND L I N KS.

Fo r H o ok s , Swive ls , &c .,s e e Se c tio n 43 .

19 1. O r d i n a ry lo n g o r sh o r t li n k c h a i n . I t i s som e tim e s m ad e to

e xac t p i tc h to fit a s n ug o r sp ro c ke t wh e e l . Se e No s . 1250 1251 .

192 . Stud li n k c h a i n .

193 . Fla t c h a i n fo r use o n fla t r im d ouble -fla n ge d pulley .

194. S qua r e li n k p i tc h e d c h a i n fo r sp ro c ke t wh e e l .

195 . S tam p e d li n k p i tc h e d c h a i n a n d sp e c ia l sp ro c k e t w h e e l.19 6 . O r d i n a ry p i tc h e d li n k c h a i n . L i n ks d ri lle d to tem p le t .197 198 . Pi tc h e d c h a i n s to d rive wh e e ls w i th o rd i n ary a n d sp e c ial

te e th .

199 . An o th e r fo rm o f s qua r e li n k c h a i n .

200. S t am p e d l i n k c h a i n,fo r ligh t purp o s e s .

201 202. L o n g li n k fla t susp e n s i o n c h a i n s .

203 . G ib a n d c o tte r a tta c h m e n t fo r lo n g li n k fla t susp e n si o n ch a i i s .



S SKETCH -B OOK.

20 1 205 . D r i v e c h a i n s . Se e Ewart ’s p a te n t, No . 2752- 76 , a n d

o th e rs . Th e se c h a i n s ar e re p la c i n g be lts fo r m a n y purp o se s , a sth e y giv e a p o s i tive d rive , d o n o t s tre tc h s o much , a n d la s t lo n ge r ,be s id e s wh i c h th ey a r e e as i ly d e tac h e d a t a n y p o i n t , a n d a

d am age d li n k c a n be re ad ily re p la c e d .

206 207. Th rus t c h a i n s , w i th fri c tio n ro l le rs a t e ac h jun c tio n,use d i n

h yd raulic m ultip ly i n g c yli n d e r ge a r i n s om e c a s e s .

208 . Ew a rt a n d D o d ge’s p a te n t c h a i n , w i th r e n ewable se a ti n gs

be twe e n th e li n ks .

Se ct io n 12 .-0ARR IAG ES AND CARS.

Th e d e s ign a n d d e ta i ls o f th e se m ust a lway s be sui te d to c ircum sta n c e s .

W e o n ly p ro p o s e h e re to i n d i c a te th e vari ous typ e s o f un d e rfram i n g a n d wh e e ls i n us e

,a n d to give sk e tc h se c ti o n s o f bo d ie s o r

c ars fo r d i ffe re n t purp o se s .

UN DE R-FRAME S .

209 . Tw o -W h e e l susp e n s i o n c a r fo r s i n gle ra i l o r w ire ro p e , use d

c omm o n ly o n som e ki n d s o f c ra n e s . Se e Se c ti o n 18 .

210,2 11 , 212 , 213 . Th r e e -W h e e l c a r s . Se e a lso th e va rio us typ e s o f

tri c y c le s i n use .

2 14, 215 , 216 , 217. V a r i ous fo rm s o f four -W h e e l un d e r -fr am e s ,

w i th a n d w i th out sw ive lli n g bo g i

A c a r w i th fo ur w h e e ls a rra n ge d a s No . 2 17, but w i th th e le a d i n g

a n d tra il in g wh e e ls s l igh tly ra i s e d o ff th e groun d , i s us e d a s a

go o d s c a r o r h a n d truc k,a n d is ve ry re ad i ly sw ive lle d about

,

run n i n g, o f c o urse , a c tua l ly o n th re e wh e e ls o n ly .

2 18 . Fiv e -W h e e l un d e r -fr am e , w i th a n d w i th o ut swive lli n g bogie s .219

-

85 223 . Pla n s o f s ix -W h e e l c a r s , w i th sw ive ll i n g ge a r fo r c urve s ;th e c e n tre pa i r h avi n g e n d p lay , swive l th e le ad i n g a n d tra ili n gaxle s by m e a n s o f th e jo i n te d s tays .

220 . Pla n o f four -W h e e l c a r , w i th sw iw ll i n g ge a r fo r curve s .22 1 , 222 , 85 224. S ix-W h e e l c a r s , th e la tte r w i th le ad i n g a n d tra ili n g

sw ive lli n g bogie s .

2 25 . E igh t-W h e e l d o ub le -b o gi e un d e r -fr am e . Th i s is th e p la nusua lly em p loy e d i n lo n g c a rs ; e a c h bogi e i s fre e to swive li n d e p e n d e n tly , a n d i s c e n tral ly lo ad e d .

THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

34 THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

226 . T e n -w h e e l d o ub le -b ogi e un d e r fr am e,th e c e n tre p a i r to h ave

e n d p lay o r bro a d fla t ty re s .

Tw e lv e W h e e ls a n d th r e e b o gi e s . Th e c e n tre bogi e must h avee n d p lay , e ith e r a s i n No s . 222 o r 226

,o r w i th tra n sve rs e ro lle rs

be twe e n th e b ogie a n d fram e .

N o te th a t i n No s . 221 , 223 , 224 th e c e n tre p a irs , i f run n i n go n ra i ls , m ust h ave e i th e r e n d p lay i n th e be ari n gs o r flat bro ad

O p e n p a s s e n ge r c a r , e i th e r w i th tra n sve rs e o r lo n gi tud i n al s e a ts .

229. C o v e r e d p a s s e n ge r c a r , w i th e i th e r lo n gi tud i n a l o r tra n sve rse

s e a ts .

23 0 . Pa s s e n ge r c a r,w i th o uts id e a n d c e n tra l lo n gi tud i n a l s e ats .

23 1 . Pa s s e n ge r c a r,w i th up p e r a n d lo we r lo n gi tud i n a l s e a ts

23 2. Pa s s e n ge r c a r,a s No . 23 1

,but w i th s e ats re ve rse d .

23 3 . Pa s s e n ge r c a r,fo r o n e -ra i l ra i lway .

234. Pa s s e n ge r c a r,s im ilar to No . 23 0, but w i th se a ts re ve rs e d .

235 . Am e r i c a n p la n o f p a s s e n ge r c a r , w i th tra n sve rse se a ts a n d

c e n tra l ga n gway .

G o o d s c a r s , l o w s i d e d .

237. C o v e r e d o r b o x w a go n .

23 8 . H o p p e r w ago n fo r d i sc h argi n g be low .

23 9 . S i d e d i s c h a r ge h e p p e r w ago n .

240 . S i d e t i p ( o r e n d t ip ) th r e e -c e n tr e w ago n .

241 . T i p c a r t.

242 . T i p w ago n .

THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK. 3 S

3 6 THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

Fur n i tur e w ago n .

G r a fto n ’s p a te n t s i d e t i p w ago n .

L o n g tr u c k fo r b o i le r s , doc .

I n c li n e c a r fo r p a s s e n ge r s .

S e gm e n ta l sw iv e lli n g b e a r i n gs , use d i n s te ad o f a swive ll i n g

bogi e an d c e n tr e p i n .

H ud s o n ’

s p a te n t t i p w ago n s , wi th th re e c e n tre s.

H o p p e r w ago n ,w i th c e n tra l di s c h arge .

Se c t io n 13 .

—0 RU SH I N G ,G R I N D I N G

,ANDD ISI NTEG RATI N G .

250. S tam p m i ll , ge n e rally arra n ge d i n a ba tte ry o f 4 o r 6 , fo r go ld a n d

o th e r o re s .

25 1 . S to n e -b r e ak e r , w i th c h i lle d i ro n jaw fac e s a n d toggle o r k n app i n g

m o t io n . Se e B lak e ’s , H . R . Marsd e n ’

s,a n d o th e r m o d ific a ti o n s

i n c omm o n use .

D o ub le e d ge run n e r s . Som e tim e s d rive n b e low . I n som e

d e s ign s th e ro lle rs re vo lve , a n d i n o th e rs th e p a n re vo lve s a n d th ero lle r sh af t i s s ta tio n ary .

Lu c o p’s p a te n t c e n tr i fuga l p u lv e r i s e r .

C a r r’s p a te n t d i s i n te gr a to r . I n th i s m a c h i n e

,e a c h ri n g o f bars

i s d rive n a t a h igh Sp e e d i n op p o s i te d ire c ti o n s i n s i d e a c a s i n g,

th e m a te ria l be i n g broke n by th e‘ rap i d i ty a n d i n te n s i ty o f th e

blo ws i t re c e ive s .

255 . H o r i zo n ta l c e n tr i fuga l r o lle r m i ll. Th e m a te ria l i s c rush e dbe twe e n th e ro lle rs a n d th e sh ro ud i n g o f th e p a n by th e c e n tri fuga lfo r c e o f th e ro l le rs . wh i c h a r e susp e n d e d from a c ro s sh e a d .

25 6 . Go n e r o lle r m i ll , w i th ve rt i c a l sp i n d l e .

257. Go n e r o lle r m i ll , w i th h o rizo n ta l sp i n d le a n d c o n i c al p a n .


3 8 THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

E n c lo s e d c o n e r o lle r m i ll , w ith h o rizo n ta l sp i n d le a n d sp irallygro o ve d ro l le r a n d e a s i n g.

T o o th e d s e c to r m i ll .

C o n i c a l e d ge ru n n e r a n d p a n .

O r d i n a r y flo u r m i ll . Th e m a te ri al i s fe d i n th e c e n tre, p a ss e s

be tw e e n th e s to n e s , a n d fa l l s o ut i n to th e o ute r c a s i n g.

R a ttle b a r r e l , fo r c le a n i n g a n d bur n i sh i n g a rt ic l e s by m utua l

a ttri ti o n ; sa n d o r e m e ry i s s om e t im e s us e d to a s s i s t th e p ro c e s s .

B a ll a n d p a n m i ll , fo r c rush i n g o re s , &c . Th e ba lls a r e c a rri e dro un d by a c ro s s a rm fixe d t o th e c e n tra l sp i n d le .

I n c li n e d b a ll a n d p a n m i ll .O s c i lla ti n g m i ll .D rum a n d r o lle r r e v o lv i n g m i ll .C r a d le a n d r o lle r m i ll .C o n e d i s c m i ll ; th e c o n e s be i n g i n c li n e d axially to o n e a n o th e r,th e m a te ri a l i s c rush e d a t th e lo w e r s i d e o f th e c o n e s .

An o th e r fo rm o f s to n e b r e a k e r w i t h t o ggle m o ti o n .

H o r i zo n t a l c o n e p l a te m i ll .R e v o lv i n g s tam p a n d p a n m i ll fo r o re s.V e r ti c a l c o n e m i l l .R e v o lv i n g p a n a n d b a ll m i ll .Pla n i sh i n g d i s c s fo r a c c ura te ly roun d i n g i ro n bars . Se e th e

p a te n t ro l l e d sh aft i n g i n use , m a n ufa c ture d by th e Kirks ta l l Fo rgeCo . a n d o th e rs .

V e r ti c a l c o n e gr i n d i n g a n d c rush i n g m i ll . Th e ve rt ic alsh a ft h a s a n e c c e n tri c m o ti o n a t th e fo o ts te p , givi n g a swayi n gro ta to ry m o ti o n to th e gri n d i n g c o n e .

C rush i n g r o lle r s w i th sp ri n g be ari n g.

Se ct io n l 4.—C E NTR I FU GAL FO RGE , AP P L I CATI O NS O F .

277. C e n tr i fuga l d r i ll . Th e c ro s s bar A i s a lte r n a te ly p re s s e d d ow na n d a llo we d to ri s e , th e s tri n gs w i n d i n g o n th e Sp i n d le a lte rn a te lyi n o p p o s i te d ire c t i o n s by th e m om e n tum o f th e fly

-wh e e l.a . F ly

-W h e e l . Us e ; to re c e ive a n d s to re re d u n d a n t m o t ive p ow e r,a n d give i t o ff aga i n wh e n th e m o ti ve p o we r fa l ls be low th e

ave rage .

b . C e n tr i fuga l h am m e r . O n e o r m o re h am m e rs a r e lo o s e ly jo i n te dto a re vo lvi n g bo s s , a n d s trike rap i d bl o w s o n a n a n vi l fixe d i n th ep a th o f th e i r c i rcum fe re n c e . Se e N o . 19 15 .

c . Pulv e r i s i n g m a c h i n e s . Se e N o s 253 , 254, 255 .

d . Sp e e d go v e r n o r s . Se e Se c t io n 41 .

e . C r e am Sk im m e r s h ave a p a n re vo lvi n g h o r izo n tally i n wh i c h th e

n e w m i lk i s p oure d Th e c re am trave ls to th e o ute r e d ge a n d

run s ove r i n to a re c e i vi n g trough .


40 TH E ENGINEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

C e n tr i fuga l d ry e r s . Ma n l o ve a n d Al li o tt’

s,a l so Robi n s o n

’

s c o n

t i n uo us fe e d d i tto , a r e e xam p le s .

S om e fo rm s o f tu r b i n e . O n th e p ri n c ip l e o f H e ro ’s E i l ip i l e ,No . 1 6 96 .

Sw i n gs . R o un d ab o uts . V a ri ous toys . Th e Gyr o sc op e a n d top s

c o n s truc t e d o n i ts pr i n c ip l e .

1 . Juggli n g a n d o th e r tr i c k s p e rfo rm e d w i th p ivo te d p la te s a n d

o th e r c omm o n a rti c le s.R a tt le b a r r e l , o r r e v o lv i n g d r um ,

fo r p o l ish i n g sm all c a sti n gs ,&c . , by c e n tri fugal m o ti o n a n d m utua l fri c t io n , s im i la r to No . 262 .

V a r i o u s m a c h i n e s fo r gr a d i n g w h e a t, gr a i n ,

a n d s e e d s .

Se e N o . 475 .

C e n tr i fuga l filte r fo r suga r ; a m o d ific a t io n o f th e c e n tri fuga ld ry i n g m ac h i n e .

C e n tr i fuga l p um p s a r e fo rm s o f fa n s o r turb i n e s ( s e e Se c tio nGwy n n e

’

s, Sc h i e le

’

s, An d re ws ’ , a n d o th e rs ar e e xamp le s .

Se ct io n 15 .

— C LUTC H ES.

278 . C om m o n jaw c lutc h s l id i n g o n a fe a th e r ke y , th e lo o s e h a lfb e i n g c a s t o n th e bo s s o f a wh e e l.

279 . Two f o rm s o f jaws fo r d i tto .

280. C o n e c lu tc h . Sc rew ge a r sh ould b e us e d to Op e ra te th i s , a s i t i sliab le to “

s e i z e ,”

a n d th e re i s c o n s id e rable e n d p re ssure o n th e

sh a ft to be a ll ow e d fo r .

281 . Fa c e ( fr i c ti o n c lutc h ) w i th V gro o ve s . Se e rem a rks to No . 280 .

282. F r i c ti o n c lutc h w i th th r e e o r m o re s e gm e n ts . Se e a lso No s . 3 8

a n d 5 9 .

283 . Pi n a n d h o l e c lutc h . Th e p i n a n d h o le s c a n o f c ours e be m ad e

p ara l l e l to th e sh a ft i n s te ad o f r ad ial .284. C am c lut c h

,us e d fo r d e xt e r tre a d le s , a lso fo r re c ip ro c a t i n g m o ti o n s

d ri v i n g o n e way a n d ru n n i n g l o o se th e opp o s i t e w ay . Se e a ls oSe c t i o n 6 2 , No s . 113 5 , 1 178 , &c .

285 . C r a n k p i n a n d a rm d r iv e r .

286 . P i c k e r i n g’s s e lf-sus ta i n i n g c lutc h fo r h o i s ts . Th e bo x A o n ly

i s k e ye d to th e sh a ft , a n d d rive s th e c h a i n wh e e l a n d s le e ve B byjam m i n g i t w i th th e fla n ge o f th e ra tc h e t-wh e e l sle e ve 0 by th e

s l id i n g a c ti o n o f th e to o th e d fa c e s fo rm e d a t D o n th e d i s c a n d

fla n ge o f th e s le e ve 8 ,th e s e t e e th be i n g o f th e ra tc h e t fo rm .

Se ve ra l o th e r fo rm s o f th i s c lutc h a r e i n use . E d wa rd s ’ , Ste ve n sa n d Major’ s , a n d o th e rs m ay be c o n sulte d .

287. D i s c fr i c ti o n c lutc h,w i th i n te rm e d ia te le a th e r d i sc s a n d s c re w

c lam p i n g app l ia n c e , o n ly th e c e n tra l d is c i s key e d to t h e sh aft,

th e o th e rs ru n l o o s e . Ma th e r a n d Pi a t t’

s a n d Ad d ym a n'

s p a te n t

fri c ti o n c lutc h e s a r e e xam p le s .

Num e ro us fo rm s o f fri c t io n c lutc h e s ar e i n use,m o d ific a t io n s c h i efly o f

N0 3 . 3 8 , 5 9 , a n d 282 . Se e a lso Se c tio n 5.

THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH-B 0 OK 4 1

Se ct io n 16 .

— CO U P L I N GS FO R SHAFTI N G .

O r d i n a r y fla n ge d c o up li n g, usua l ly m ad e so th a t th e e n d o f th e

sh aft fo rm s a sp igo t jo i n t w i th th e opp o s i te h alf o f c lutc h .

290 , 29 1 . S l e e v e c oup li n gs . Se e a ls o No . 143 0 a n d Se c tio n 57.

Butle r’s p a te n t fri c ti o n a l c oupl i n g, Kirk s tal l Fo rge Co ., L e e d s ,

Se l le r’s d o uble -c o n e vi c e c o up li n g, a n d o th e rs,a r e sle e ve c oup li n gs .

A n gle c oup li n g o n Dr . R o ok e’

s p ri n c ip le . Se e a lso No s . 3 3 , 34,

Fle x ib le a n gle c o up li n g fo r ligh t wo rk .a n d 73 2

F la n ge d c oup l i n g,“

wi th c ro ss fe a th e r o r k ey !,

Th i s p lan give sgre at t o rs io n a l s tre n gth , e sp e c ia l ly i f th e . c oup li n g fla n ge s a r e

fo rge d so li d wi th th e sh a fts .

Se ct io n l 7.

—CO N N ECTI N G RO DS AND L I N KS.

Tu r n e d a n d fi n i sh e d li n k w i th out a n y a djus tm e n ts ; e n d s m ay be

s o l id , o r fo rke d a s No . 297.

F la t li n k o f s im ila r d e s c rip ti o n ,w i th ra i s e d bo ss e s fo r fac i n g a n d

w e a r.

297. Ad ju s ta b le l i n k,w i th r igh t a n d le ft h a n d s c rew c oup li n gf Lo ck

n uts m ay b e a d d e d t o p re ve n t th e c oup li n g wo rk i n g ba c k .

298 . Str a p li n k ,fitte d w i th bra ss e s , gi bs a n d c o tte rs , a n d d is ta n c e b a r .

I n th i s l i n k th e w e ar o f bra s s e s i s a l l tak e n up o n e way by th e gib

a n d c o tte r ; th e re fo re , i f gre a t a c cura c y i n th e d i sta n c e ap art o f

c e n tre s i s n e c e s s ary , gibs a n d c ut te r s sh ould be fit te d a t bo th s i d e s

o f o n e p a ir o f bra s se s , o r N o . 299 a d op te d .

299 . Tu r n e d li n k w i th a djus tabl e e n d bra s s e s . Th e fo rke d e n d sh ouldbe us e d w h e re th e re i s th e gre a te s t am o u n t o f w e a r .

3 00 . W o o d c o n n e c ti n g o r p um p-r o d w i th w rough t-i ro n str ap e n d s ,

fitte d w i th bra sse s , g ibs , a n d c o tte rs . Muc h use d o n m i n i n g

P11mPS .

Th e sh a f ts o r r o d s a r e s om e t im e s o f c a s t i ro n o f c r o s s o r T se c tio n , but

a r e usua l ly o f a c irc ular o r fla t s e c t io n a n d swe lle d i n th e m i d d le , s im ila rto No . 299 . Se e Struts a n d Ti e s , Se c t io n 102 .

Th e m o s t usu a l fo rm o f sh i fti n g li n k fo r li n k-reve rs i n g ge a r,ge n e rally ge t up brigh t a l l o v e r.

TEE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B 0 0 x ,

44 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH-B OOK.

3 02. Sim i la r li n k , but h av i n g th e p o i n t o f susp e n s io n o n a s id e p i n ,

fixe d by s c rews to th e li n k,a n d ra i se d from i t suffic ie n tly to a llow

th e s li d i n g blo ck a n d p i n to p a ss u n d e r i t.

3 03 . R e v e r s e d c ur v e li n k .

04. S o li d b a r li n k , s om e tim e s ad op te d fo r c h e ap n e ss a n d sim p li c i ty ,th e va lve r od a n d e c c e n tri c ro d s h avi n g o f c ourse fo rke d e n d s .

3 05 . D o ub le b a r li n k . Th i s i s a lso a s im p le a n d c h e ap c o n struc ti o n ;th e bars a r e p la i n ,

th e r o d e n d s s i n gle , a n d th e blo c k turn e d largee n ough to h ave a re c e s s o n e a c h s id e to fit th e li n ks .

3 06 . S tr a p h e a d c o n n e c ti n g r o d e n d,w i th squa re brasse s , d ouble

gibs a n d c o tte r.

307. S tr a p h e a d c o n n e c ti n g r o d e n d,but w ith r oun d e d e n d a n d s e t

s c rew fas te n i n g fo r c o tte r.

3 08 . S im i la r t o t h e la s t, but wi th sc rew c o tte r adjusti n g d e vi c e fo r th ebra s se s .

3 09 . S o li d e n d r o d . Th e bra s s e s tak e out s id eway s .

3 10 . Fo rk e d e n d r o d .

3 1 1 . S tr a p e n d fo r h e a vy r o d s , h avi n g c o tte r fo r tigh te n i n g th e s tra pto th e V

’

s i n th e r o d e n d . Th e o i l c up i s o fte n fo rged a n d tur n e d

s o lid o n th e s trap , a s sh own .

3 12. R e d e n d W i th s i d e s tr a p . Th e brasse s tak e out tra n sve rs e ly bytak i n g o ff th e sid e s trap .

3 13 . S o li d e n d a n d d ouble s e t sc r ew fas te n i n g fo r c otte r .

3 14 8 15 . S o li d e n d s fo r sm a ll r o d s. Th e bras se s ar e usuallyse c ure d by a s e t s c re w .

16 . S o li d e n d , sp l i t w i th sc r ew bo lt tigh te n i n g d evi c e ; m ay be h in ge d

a s s ho w n by d o tte d li n e .


46 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

3 17. C o v e r e d s o li d e n d fo r c ra n k p i n s , w i th s c re w adjustm e n ts fo r

bras se s .

3 18 . C om m o n fo rk e d r od e n d,w i th c a p .

3 19 . H o o k b o lt a tta c h m e n t fo r gud ge o n ; som e tim e s use ful wh e reth e re i s th rus t o n ly o n th e gud ge o n .

3 20. D o ub le c o n n e c ti n g r o d,i n wh i c h th e ro d s fo rm a l s o d i s ta n c e

ro d s a n d bo lts fo r th e h e a d s , wh i c h a r e i n h alve s a n d fitte d w i th

bra ss e s o f th e o rd i n ary typ e .

21 . M a r i n e typ e o f r o d e n d , havi n g so l id e n d , squar e br asse s a n d c ap .

3 22. M a r i n e h e a d ,i n wh i c h th e bra sse s a r e e xte n d e d to fo rm th e

c e n tra l blo ck i n h alve s,th e r od e n d be i n g o f T sh ap e a n d bo lte d

th rough th e bra ss e s a n d c ap .

3 23 3 24. Pla i n li n k s .

Th e re a r e i n n um e rable va ri e t ie s o f th e i llus trate d typ e s o f h e ad s i n use,

e ve ry e n gi n e e r h avi n g h i s ow n d e s ign .

Se ct io n 18 .

—C RAN ES, TY P ES O F.

Our obje c t h e r e i s to i n d i c a te o r sugge s t ge n e ra l d e s ign o r arra n gem e n to n ly , from wh ich a s e le c t i o n c a n be m a d e to sui t re qui rem e n t s .

325 . I s th e c om m o n ty p e o f W h a r f c r a n e w i th fixe d p o s t , th e base

p la te be i n g w e ll bo lte d d ow n to a so l i d m a ss o f m a so n ry .

3 26 . I s a ls o a c om m o n ty p e o f w h a r f c r a n e,but w i th th e p o st

re vo lvi n g i n a fo o ts te p a n d ba se p la te ; th i s give s a be tte r ba seth a n No . 3 25 .

3 27. H a s n o p o st, but a re vo lvi n g fram e a n d ba s e p la te“

w i th fro n t a n d

ba c k fri c ti o n ro lle rs,a n d a c e n tre p i n .

3 28. Po s t a n d j ib i n o n e p i e c e , usua lly o f w rough t i ro n . A bala n c e

w e igh t i s fixe d a t A to bala n c e th e o ve rh a n gi n g j i b.

3 29 . Sw i n g d e r r i c k c r a n e, ge n e ra lly o f w o o d . Th e j i b turn s th re e

fourth s o f a c irc l e a n d th e tw o guys a r e fixe d a t a n a n gl e o f 90°

a p a rt , a n d w e ll s e c ure d by a n c h o ri n g o r lo a d i n g, o fte n m a d e w i th

ve ry lo n g j ib fo r bui ld e r’

s wo rk .

3 3 0. W h a r f c r a n e , w i th c e n tre te n s i o n b o lt i n ste a d o f c ra n e p o st. I n

th i s a rra n gem e n t th e re i s a ve r tic al te n s io n o n th e c e n tre b o lt a n dth rus t o n th e fo o t o f j ib.


48 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

3 3 1 . W a r e h o us e w a ll c r a n e .

3 3 2. W a r e h ous e w a ll c r a n e , w i th h igh j i b -h e a d .

Wh i p c r a n e , c h i efly use d i n goo d s sh e d s . Th e barr e l i s som e tim e swo rk e d by a n e n d le ss h a n d r o p e a s sh o w n

,a n d s om e t im e s by a

s e c o n d rop e a n d d rum w i th a h a n d c ra n k a s No . 1209.

3 34. Po r tab le h a n d c r a n e , w i th ba la n c e w e igh t. Th e bala n c e we ightc an be sh ifte d i n o r out to bala n c e th e l e ad .

3 35 . F o un d r y c ra n e , som e tim e s w i th trave lli n g c ar r iage o n th e j i b, a s

No . 3 3 6 .

3 3 6 . Sw i n g b r a c k e t c r a n e a n d trave lle r , usually fo rm e d o f fla t bar s

o n e d ge ; use d o n ly fo r ligh t lo ad s , fo r sm iths’

sh op s , &c .

3 37. Wh a r f d e r r i c k , t o turn a n e n tir e c irc le , s im ilar to No . 3 29, but

em p loy e d fo r h e avy lo ad s .

3 38 . F lo a ti n g d e r r i c k .

3 3 9 . L igh t b a la n c e c r a n e .

340 . Truss e d j i b c r a n e , wi th c e n tr e te n s io n be l t .

341 . S im p le d e r r i c k a n d w i n c h ,w i th two guy rop e s ; fo r temp ora ry

pur p o se s o n ly , a n d m ay be e as ily sh ifte d about.

Sh e e r s a n d w i n c h .

343 . Tr i p o d a n d w i n c h .

Sh e e r s w i th s c r ew a d jus tm e n t to Ba ck l eg. Th i s d e s ign i s

a d o p te d fo r ve ry h e a vy lifts , suc h a s lo ad i n g h e avy m ac hi n e ry ,

sh ip pi n g m asts , bo i le r s , &o .

THE ENGINEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

3 3 3 .

49

50 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK;

345 . Fo ur -guy d e r r i c k a n d W i n c h,us e d fo r fixi n g c olum n s

,b ase s ,

m a so n ry , &c .

346 . F ix e d p o s t s te am c r a n e,fo r wh a rfs , p i e rs , j ettie s , h arbour

w o rk s,&c .

Po r tab le s te am c r a n e,ve ry la rge ly us e d o n wh arfs

, p i e rs , &c .,

a n d som e tim e s fitte d w i th trave ll i n g ge ar i n ad d i tio n t o h o i sti n g

a n d s le w i n g m o t i o n s .

348 . W h a r f c r a n e , w i th fixe d e n gi n e , c e n tre bolt , a n d trusse d arch e d j i b .

Th i s i s a ve ry go od typ e , a s th e gro un d i s ke p t c le ar fo r go o d s ,&c . ,

a n d o f c ours e a l l m o t io n s,h o i s ti n g , lowe ri n g, a n d sle w i n g a r e

c o n tro lle d from th e c ra n e ab o ve gro u n d by h a n d le ve rs .

H y d r au li c W h a r f c r a n e , w i th fixe d p o st . Th e c omm o n typ e

u n ive rsally us e d i n d o c k s , &c . , w i th th e o rd i n ary fo rm o f m ult i

p ly i n g hyd rauli c c y li n d e r a n d c h a i n ge a r ; th e va lve fo r c o n tro lli n gi ts m o vem e n ts i s op e ra te d by h an d l e ve rs e xt e n d i n g up th roughslo ts i n th e flo o r ; th e sle w i n g i s p e rfo rm e d by a s e p ara t e c y l i n d e ra n d c h a i n ge a r, w i th a d i s t i n c t c o n tro lli n g le ve r. Se e Se c tio n s 42

a n d 83 .

3 50 . H y d r au li c sh o r t li ft r am , c e n tr e c r a n e,a n d tr a v e lle r ,

em p loy e d c h i efly to ra i s e th e i n go ts o ut o f th e c a s ti n g p i ts o f

B e ss em e r s te e l w o rk s . Th e r am 18 o f c ours e subje c t to s e ve rec ro s s s tra i n s , a n d m a n y d e s ign s p rovi d e a n o ve rh e a d guid e o r

sup p o rt fo r th e ram h e a d .

3 5 1 . Autom a ti c b a la n c e c r a n e , p o rtable o r fixe d ; th e p o s i tio n o f th e

fulc rum va ri e s w i th th e l e ad .

3 52 . S te am m u lti p ly i n g c y l i n d e r c r a n e , i n wh i ch th e r am i s fo rc e d

o ut by s te am p re s sure , a c ti n g e i th e r d i r e c tly o r by a n i n te rve n i n gbo dy o f wa t e r .

3 53 . B r e a kw a te r sw i n g c r a n e .

5 4 5


5 4 8 .

5 5 0 .

5 5 5

5 4 9 .


O v e r h a n gi n g tr av e lli n g c r a n e,fo r use o n bre akwate rs

,&c .

O v e rh e a d h y d r auli c tr av e lli n g go li a th , to span a r a ilway ; h assle w i n g m o t i o n a n d a bala n c e d j ib .

S i n gle r a i l c r a n e w i th top guid e ra i l.

O v e r h e a d tr a v e lle r c'

n ga n try .

G o li a th .

S te am o v e r h e a d c r a n e , w i th c arriage to spa n a ra i lway . Large lyuse d o n d e ck wh arve s

,&c . , a s th e y give a h i gh li ft a n d d o n o t

e n cum b e r o r e n c ro a c h o n valua ble quay sp a c e .

H y d r auli c c y li n d e r p o st c r a n e ; som e t im e s ad op te d i n ste ad o f

th e typ e No . 3 49 .

H e a vy h y d r auli c c r a n e,w i th susp e n d e d c yli n d e r ; em p loye d fo r

w o rk o f th e ve ry h e av i e s t c la s s .

Sh i p’s D a v i t .

B a la n c e d j i b p o s t c r a n e , n o ti e r o d . Th e w e igh t m ust be

suffic i e n tly h e avy to ba l a n c e th e jib a n d lo ad .

H y d r auli c strut jib c r a n e . Th e lo ad i s ra i se d by r a i s i n g th e j i b.

O v e r s i d e d o c k c r a n e,fo r d is c h argi n g from sh ip s i n to ba rge s . Th e

o ve rh a n g b e i n g ve ry gre a t i n th i s d e s ign ,i t m ust be p ro vi d e d wi th

a h e avy fram e o r bala n c e w e igh t.

W ago n t ip c r a n e , fo r lo a d i n g ve sse ls .

D o ub le sh e a v e 4 to 1 pur c h ase fo r c ra n e j i b. Se e a lso Se c t io n 6 9.

Sect io n 19 .

- OONVEY ING MESSAG ES.

M e s sage s c a n b e c o n v e y e d b y

1 . S p e ak i n g tub e ; fo r d is ta n c e s up to say 3 00 fe e t, 2 to 1

bo re tube s .

2 . Te le p h o n e ; a n y d i sta n c e .

3 . T e le gr a p h ; a n y d i sta n c e .

4. B y s ign a ls— (a ) W i re o r c o rd a n d b e ll ; (b) s igh t s ign als ,suc h a s th e s em ap h o re , lam p s , h e li ograp h , flags , a n d o th e rd e vi c e s ; ( 0 ) by so un d , suc h a s a b e ll

,trum p e t , s i re n ,

wh i s tle,

&c . Se e Se c ti o n 105 .

5 . B y p n e um a ti c d e sp a tc h : th at i s,by fo rc i n g a p i sto n

c arriage c o n ta i n i n g th e m e ssage o r sm all p arc e l th rough a

tube by c om p re ss e d ai r .

6 . C a r r i e r p ige o n s .

3 68. Sign a lli n g d i a ls a n d b e v e l ge a r i n g.

THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

5 5 6 .

5 5 8 .


Se ct io n 20 .

— COMP E NSATI N G AND BALAN C E WE I G HTS.

I t i s o f th e utm o st im p o rta n c e th a t e ve ry re vo lv i n g o r re c ip ro c a t i n gp art o f a n y m ac h in e sh ould b e a s n e arly a s p o s s ible bala n c e d , to obta i n

sm o o th run n i n g w i th th e le as t am oun t o f w e ar .

Th e fo llow i n g ar e typ e s o f th e m o st im p o rta n t d e v ic e s a n d th e i rapp li c at io n s

3 69 . B a la n c e d le v e r , h av i n g a sli d i n g c h e e s e o r ball w e igh t fixe d w i th

a s e t s c rew .

B a la n c e d c age o f h o i s t . I t i s usual to ove r -ba la n c e th e c age to

d ivid e th e w o rk be tw e e n th e up a n d d ow n jo urn e y s i n h a n d -

p ow e rl i fts to a s si st th e lo ad ; but i n p ow e r a n d h yd raul i c li ft s th e c age

i s un d e r-ba l a n c e d so a s to d e s c e n d wh e n em p ty .

H y d r auli c b a la n c e l i ft , i n wh i c h th e d e ad o r c o n s ta n t loa d o f

c age a n d r am a r e n e arly ba la n c e d by a lo ad e d p i s to n i n a supp l e

m e n ta ry c y l i n d e r ; to ra i s e th e lo a d e d c age th e p re s sure wa te r i sadm i tte d to th e upp e r s id e o f th i s p i s to n . Ma n y va ri e t ie s o f th i s

typ e a r e i n us e s e e E ll i n gto n ’s,Joh n s o n

’

s, Ste ve n s a n d Majo r’s ,

W aygo o d’

s,a n d o th e r p a te n t l i fts .

V a r i a b le v o lute c om p e n s a ti n g b a la n c e fo r re vo lv i n g sh utte rs,

b l i n d s , c urta i n s , &c . , to m a i n ta i n a n e ve n ba la n c e i n a l l p o s i ti o n s ,Th e we igh t c h a i n i s a s th i c k a s th e c e i l i n g sh utte r o n bl i n d

,s o

th a t th e a c ti n g ra di i o f th e s hutte r a n d w e i gh t a r e a lway s p r o

p o rti o n a l .

V a r i a b le c om p e n s a ti n g b a la n c e fo r h yd raul ic li ft ram s,to

c om p e n s a t e fo r lo s s o f imm e rs i o n o f th e r am a s i t a s c e n d s

(B e r ly’

s p a t e n t). Se e a ls o Ste ve n s Majo r'

s pa te n t , w h e re b e llc ra n k le ve rs a n d w e igh ts a r e em p loy e d i n s t e a d o f lo ad e d c ha i n s .

Se e No . 3 83 .

B a la n c e d fiy-W h e e l. Fo r ba la n c e d c ra n k s , s e e N o s . 172 173 .

I n c r e a s i n g b a la n c e b y s e c ti o n s , lifte d a t i n te rvals a s th e c h a i n

ri s e s .

B a la n c e d r iv e ti n g m a c h i n e . Se e Twe d d e ll’

s pa te n ts .

V a r i ab le le v e r b a la n c e . Fo r bala n c e d c ra n e s , s e e Se c t io n 18 .

I n d e e p li fts , to bala n c e th e w e igh t o f c h a i n o r rop e , i t i s m a d e

e n d le s s .

An o t h e r m e th o d . Th e lo o se c h a i n h un g from c age i s o f th e sam e

w e igh t p e r fo o t a s th e l i fti n g c h a i n .

B a la n c e W e igh t o n a s c r ew a rm fo r adjustm e n t, emp loy e d o n

we igh i n g m a c h i n e s .


R6 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

V

3 81 3 82 . W o r th i n gto n’

s c om p e n s a ti n g a i r c y li n d e r s , em p loy e do n d ire c t-a c ti n g h o rizo n ta l pum p s , wo rki n g e xp a n s ively , i n li e u o f

fly-wh e e l . Th e o s c i lla t i n g o r ve rti c a l c y l i n d e rs a r e a ir o r sp ri n g

p i s to n s , abs orbi n g p o w e r th e firs t p art o f s tro k e a n d givi n g i t outd ur i n g th e la tte r p a rt.

3 83 . V a r i a b le b a la n c e w e igh t by be n t le ve r.

3 84. V a r i ab le b a la n c e w e igh t by d ouble li n ks a n d s l i d i n g jo i n ts .

3 85 . D aw s o n’s c om p e n s a ti n g go v e r n o r . Se e Me c ha n i c a l Wor ld ,

Augus t 25 th , 1888 .

3 86 . B a la n c e d d o o r s , h i n ge d v e r ti c a lly .

3 87. B a la n c e d s a sh e s , o r ve rti c a l s l id i n g d o o rs .

3 88 . M e th o d o f b a la n c i n g a b l o om i n c h argi n g o r wi th d rawi n g fr oma furn ac e , o r a n y s im i la r use .

3 89 . B a la n c e fo r li n k m o t i o n .

3 90 . W e igh t to k e ep a c o rd o r r op e i n te n s io n .

3 91 . M o d e o f b a la n c i n g tw o s li d i n g d o o r s s o th a t th ey r i s e a n d falla t p rop o rti o n a t e sp e e d s .

H o i sti n g a n d wi n d i n g e n gi n e s ( se e N o s . 1222,1223 ) a r e bala n c e d by

h avi n g a n a s c e n d i n g a n d d e s c e n d i n g c age , a n d two rop e s , o n e w i n d i n g o n

a s th e o th e r w i n d s o tf th e d rum s .

Do uble c age h o i s ts s im i la rly ba la n c e th em se lve s . H e avy s li d e va lve s ,a n d o th e r re c ip ro c a ti n g p a r ts o f s te am e n gi n e s , a r e ba lan c e d by sm a lls te am p i s to n s . Se e N o s . 1 6 5 1—1 654.

Fo o t tre ad le s , wh e n re qui re d to a lways s top a t a p o i n t o ff th e d e ad

c e n tre , h ave a ba la n c e w e igh t fixe d to fly-wh e e l, a t righ t a n gle s to th e d e adc e n tre .

A w a te r tan k i s o fte n use d to se rve a s a c oun te r pO i se , o r ba la n c e , a n d

m ay be m ad e va riable by vary i n g th e quan t i ty o f wate r by a s iph o n o r o th e rd e vi c e .

Fo r Ba la n c e d V a lve s , s e e Se c t io n 89 .

Se ct io n 21 .

— C I RC U LAR AND R EC I P ROCATI N G MOTI O N .

3 92 . Th e o r d i n a r y ty p e o f p i s to n -r o d a n d c r a n k m o t i o n a s

un ive rsa lly use d .

3 93 . W a tt’s sub sti tute fo r t h e a b o v e , o r“sun -a n d -p la n e t

”

ge ar.No te th a t th e c ra n k sh aft re vo lve s twi c e fo r e a c h d o ubl e s trokeo r re vo luti o n o f th e e n gi n e . Th e c ra n k b e i n g a lo o s e li n k o n ly ,

th e p la n e t wh e e l d o es n o t re vo lve .

3 94. E p i c y clo i d a l p a r a lle l m o ti o n a n d c r a n k . Th e p i n io n i s o n e

h al f th e d i am e te r o f th e wh e e l o n p i tc h li n e , a n d th e c o n n e c ti n g

p i n i s fixe d o n th e p i tc h li n e o f p i n i o n .

3 95 . B e r n a y’s p a te n t c r a n k m o ti o n ; rad ius o f c ra n k stroke x 2 5 .

5 8 8 .

5 9 0 .


5 8 5 .

5 8 6 .

58 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

3 96 . S lo t a n d c r a n k m o ti o n . Th e p i n usua lly run s i n a sli d in g blo ck .

3 97. S e gm e n t p i n i o n a n d d oub le r a c k m o ti o n .

3 98. R a c k a n d p i n i o n . Th e p i n i o n i s s om e t im e s m a d e s o a s to be

d rive n o n o n e s tro ke a n d run l o o se o n th e o th e r, by a c lutc h o r

ra tc h e t m o ti o n, suc h a s No s . 113 5 , 1178 , o r th e i r e quiva le n ts . Se e

Se c ti o n 6 2 .

3 99 . H y d r aul i c m ulti p ly i n g ge a r . Se e a lso Se c ti o n 42.

400. S lo tte d c r o s sh e a d a n d d i s c c r a n k . Th e p i n run s i n a slid in gblo c k i n a gro o ve i n th e c o ve re d c ro ssh e ad .

401 . S t a n n a h’

s p a te n t , w o rks ve rti c ally ; th e fly-wh e e l c e n tre A

o s c i lla t e s o n th e e n d o f a li n k B,allo wi n g th e c ra n k p i n to

run i n a s tra igh t l i n e .

402. S c r e w a n d fly n ut . May be m ad e to p ro d uc e c o n t i n uous ro tarym o t io n by fit ti n g th e n ut w i th a c lutc h m o t io n s im i lar to 1 13 5 o r

1 178 , so as to grip th e wh e e l o n ly o n o n e s troke .

403 . F r i c ti o n ge a r ; th e p i n io n i s d rive n by th e r e c ip ro c a ti n g r o d a n d

ru n s lo o se o n th e out s tro k e , th e w e igh te d le ve r w i th ro lle r givi n gfric ti o n a l gri p o n th e i n strok e .

404. L e v e r a n d r o lle r c r a n k p i n .

405 . Tr e a d le m o ti o n ,w i th c o rd a n d sp ri n g. Fo r c o n t i n uous r otary

m o t i o n th e p i n i o n m ust be fit te d a s d e sc ribe d w i th No . 402.

406 . B a ll a n d s o c k e t c r a n k m o ti o n . Th e c ra n k p i n i s a lway sh o rizo n tal.

407. S e gm e n t le v e r , w i th c o rd a n d pulley .

408. D o ub le ge a r e d c r a n k s , us e d fo r d rivi n g ro ta ry blowe rs , &c .

409 . J. W a rw i c k’s p a te n t ; c irc ula r m o ti o n c o n ve rte d i n to r e c ip r o

c a ti n g by a d iago n a l sh e a ve gro o ve d a s sh ow n ; th e c ra n k a rm

c e n tre i s i n l i n e w i th th e c e n tre o f th e sh e av e,a s sh ow n i n d o t te d

li n e s .

410. R o ll i n g s e c t o r s , w i th th rus t m o ti o n to c ra n k p i n . Us e d i n

O utr i d ge’

s box e n gi n e w i th d ouble p i sto n s ; th i s gi ve s a c o n s ta n t

re c t ili n e ar th rus t to th e c ra n k p i n a t a l l p o i n ts i n th e s troke,a n d

n o p ra t is i n t e n s io n .

5 3 6 .

THE ENGINEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

6 0 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

W e igh t a n d m ulti p ly i n g p u lle y s , us e d fo r c lo c k m o t io n s,

d rivi n g a n y ligh t m a c h i n e s,&c .

O s c i lla ti n g c lutc h a rm a n d r i n g, s i l e n t fe e d m o tio n .

S lo t a n d r o lle r m o ti o n fo r c ra n k . Th e c ra n k p i n h a s a fri c tio nro ll e r , wh i c h run s i n a c o ve re d s l o t i n th e c ro s sh e ad .

Tr am m e l ge a r ; o n e re vo l ut i o n o f th e wh e e l t o two d ouble s troke so f p i s to n .

S e gm e n ta l v a n e s ( i n a s em i c i rc ula r c a s e ), d rive n by a d i s c c ra n k'

a n d p i n ,run n i n g o n th e upp e r c e n tre , giv i n g m o t i o n by li n k s to

two a rm s fixe d t o th e two va n e s , wh i c h h ave i n d e p e n d e n t m o t i o n .

Us e d a s a pum p i n g o r blo w i n g m a c h i n e .

C i r c u la r i n to r e c i p r o c a ti n g m o ti o n by re vo lvi n g a rm A

c arry i n g th e two p i n i o n s , th e p o i n t a t e n d o f a rm 8 d e sc ri be s a

ve rt i c a l li n e four t im e s th e le n gth o f a rm 8 , th e la rge wh e e l 0 i sfixe d , a n d m o t io n i s give n t o th e arm B. May be use d a s a p i s to n

r o d a n d c ra n k m o t i o n .

T r am m e l ge a r ; th e slo tte d c ro s s m o ve s i n a righ t li n e .

S lo t li n k a n d tr e a d le , d rivi n g th e p i n i o n o n bo th s trok e s byfr i c t io n o n th e i n s id e o f l i n k a l te rn a te ly a t th e up p e r a n d un d e rs id e s .

C h a i n a n d r o lle r tr e a d l e m o ti o n .

R e c i p r o c a t i n g W h e e l a n d c r a n k m o ti o n .

V e lo c i p e d e p a tte r n fo o t tre ad le .

D o ub le c r o s s h e a d s,s e para te d by d i sta n c e ro d s so arra n ge d a s to

a ll o w th e c ra n k a n d c o n n e c ti n g r o d to wo rk be twe e n th em . Se e

N o . 6 81 .

M a n gle r a c k a n d p i n i o n r e c i p r o c a ti n g ge a r . Th e ra ckm o ve s i n a ri gh t li n e , th e p i n i o n w o rk i n g rou n d i t by mo vi n g upa n d d o w n th e s lo t a t e a c h e n d o f th e t rave l o f th e ra ck .

M o d e o f c o n n e c ti n g a n o s c i lla t i n g le v e r by a sl id i n g jo i n t toa n y re c i p ro c a ti n g p a rt , s uc h a s a s te am h am m e r h e ad , e n g in e

c ro ssh e ad , 850 . S e c No s . 893,894.

Su s p e n d e d tr e a d le m o ti o n .

E c c e n tr i c a n d S l i d i n g b u sh m o ti o n fo r a d ouble p isto n e n gi n e .

R o c k i n g le v e r m o ti o n by ge ari n g a n d a t ie d c ra n k p i n . Th e

up p e r p i n i o n d rive s th e c ra n k d i sc o n th e m i d d le c e n tre a t e a c h

r e v .»luti o n ,o f wh i c h th e l e ve r w i th th e ge ar in g a ttac h e d o sc il la ' e s

from s id e t o s id e a s sh ow n .


6 2 THE ENGINEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

C r a n k p i n a n d s lo tte d le v e r fo r gi vi n g a variable Sp e e d to th e

c o n n e c t i n g r o d . Se e NO . 1 1 9 5 .

S i d e gu d ge o n c r a n k m o ti o n .

B e l l c r a n k a n d d i s c c r a n k m o ti o n , th e b e ll c ra n k c e n treh avi n g h o ri zo n ta l a s w e ll a s ve rt ic a l m o vem e n t .

W o rm w h e e l a n d s c r e w r e c i p r o c a ti n g m o ti o n by m e a n s o f

a t ie d c ra n k p i n . U se fu l fo r s lo w sp e e d s .

T r e a d le,c o r d a n d p u l le y c r a n k m o ti o n .

C i r c u la r i n to r e c i p r o c a ti n g m o ti o n,o r vi c e ve r so.

An o th e r fo rm O f su n -a n d -p l a n e t ge a r . Th e ri n g i s s ta ti o n ary ,a n d th e bush o n w h i c h th e p la n e t wh e e l re vo lve s i s s lo tte d to fit

th e ri n g ; th e p la n e t wh e e l i s fixe d to th e c o n n e c ti n g r o d e n d .

B e n t s h a ft a n d a rm m o ti o n .

R e c i p r o c a ti n g m o t i o n by a re turn th re ad s c rew a n d le ve r .

Se e a l s o Se c t o n s 6 2 , 3 1 , a n d 74.

Se ct io n 22 .— CO NCE NTRATED POWER .

Mul tip li c a t io n o f p o w e r by gr e a t re d uc tio n o f sp e e d i s a c c om p l ish e d by th efo l l o w i n g d e vi c e s

,a n d va ri o us obvio us m o d ific a t io n s O f th em .

O rd i n a ry m e th o d s c om p ri s e— Ge a ri n g (se e Se c ti o n th e sc re wo r c om p oun d s c re w s ( s e e Se c t i o n a n d th e w e d ge a n d le ve r(s e e Se c t i o n By d i ffe re n t ia l s c re ws , NOS . 1379 , 13 80.

43 7. C om p o un d le v e r .

43 8 . D o u b le to o th e d -c am a n d le v e r c om b i n a ti o n .

43 9 . D o ub le le v e r a n d li n k m o ti o n,w i th i n c re a s i n g p re s sure . Th e

s tra i n s a r e s e l f-c o n ta i n e d , a n d th i s p la n i s ve ry sui table wh e re a n

i n c re a s i n g p re s sure i s re quire d .

440 . L e v e r a n d to ggle m o t i o n ( se e Se c ti o n Ma n y varia ti o n s a r ei n us e fo r s to n e bre ak e rs , 610 . Se e Se c t i o n 13 .

Kn ap p i n g toggle m o ti o n . Se e No s . 269 , 251 .

Se ct io n 23 .

— CO NV EY I N G MOTI O N TO MOVABL E PARTSOF MAC H I N E RY .

Mo ti o n m ay b e c o n v e y e d to suc h p arts Of a m ac h i n e a s re qui re to be

m o vabl e , o r to d is ti n c t m a ch i n e ry wh i c h h a s n o fixe d l o c a ti o n,by

th e fo l lo w i n g m e a n s

441 . I s a n e n d l e s s r o p e o r o th e r r o un d s e c ti o n b e lt, k ep t t igh t i na n y p o s i ti o n i n th e p l a n e Of th e d riv i n g pul le y by a w e i gh te d

pull ey . I n th i s p la n th e m a c h i n e c a n be m o ve d t o a n y p o s i tio n i n

th e p la n e o f th e d rivi n g p ul l e y , th e we igh te d p ulle y taki n g up t he

s la ck o f th e b e l t .

442 . F le x i b le sh a ft fo r l igh t d r iv i n g. I t a d m i ts o f c o n s id e rablefle xur e

,a n d i s us e ful fo r d ri l li n g a n d s im ila r i n c id e n ta l d ri vi n g

p urp o s e s i n d i ffic ul t p o s i t io n s .

443 . R a d i a ti n g a rm a n d b e lt. Th e m o vable m a c h i n e c a n be d rive na t a n y p o i n t i n c irc um fe re n c e o f th e c i rc le d e s c ri be d by th e a rm

h e ad .

444. S im i la r p la n ,but d rive n by b e vi l ge ar i n s te ad Of b e lt.

445 . B e v i l ge a r a n d fe a th e r s h a ft. Th e m o vable m a c h i n e h avi n g a

trave l i n a s tra igh t li n e th e l e n gth o f th e sh aft as we l l a s a

rad ia t i n g m o t i o n .


64 THE ENGINEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

S c r ew a n d w o rm W h e e l ge a r , fo r th e sam e purp o se a s 445 .

Th e d r iv e n W h e e l A h a s a lim i te d tra ve l up a n d d ow n th e s lo t,th e i d l e w h e e l B b e i n g k e p t i n ge a r by th e l i n k susp e n s i o n .

I d le W h e e l a n d s lo t. A c om m o n d e vi c e fo r c h a n gi n g d i re c t io n o r

sp e e d i n d ri vi n g ge ar by c o n n e c t in g o r d i s c o n n e c t i n g i t w i th i n te rm e d ia te gea ri n g be tw e e n a fixe d d rivi n g a n d a d rive n sh aft .

Pa r a lle l m o ti o n r a d i a ti n g d r iv i n g d e v i c e,w i th a lim i te d

ve rti c a l trave l a n d a r a d i a l m o t i o n .

M o ti o n b y b e lt i s c o n ve y e d to a d rive n sh a ft h avi n g a rad ia l m o tio n

i n a ve rt i c a l p la n e . Us e d fo r l igh t d ri ll i n g, em e ry wh e e ls , &c .

S te am o r h y d r aul i c r a d i a ti n g a rm a n d c yli n d e r d e vi c e .

C e n tr a l c y li n d e r a n d ra d ia t i n g le ve r m o tio n .

Jo i n te d r a d i a ti n g a rm s,w i th b e l t ge ar fo r c o n ve y i n g m o tio n

from a c e n tra l sp i n d le to o n e h avi n g a t rave l c o ve ri n g a n y p o i n t

w i th i n a c irc le o f th e e xtrem e rad ius o f th e jo i n t e d a rm s .

Se e a lso No s . 3 48 , 349 .

E n d le s s rubbe r o r w ire c o i l be lts a r e use d to g ive m o t i o n to

m a c h i n e s h avi n g s om e am oun t o f fre e d om o f m o vem e n t a s r egard sth e fixe d p o s i ti o n o f th e d r ivi n g p ul ley .

Se ct io n 24.

— C UTTI N G TOO LS.

B e s id e s th e o rd i n ary c utt in g to o ls i n us e i n th e wo rksh op ,suc h a s th e

c h i se l , go uge , p la n e , saw ,d rawk n i fe , s c i s so rs , sh e ar s

,s c y th e , a n d

o th e rs , a n d wh i c h d o n o t prop e rly b e lo n g to m a ch i n e d e vi c e s,

th e re ar e o th e rs,som e o f th em m e re m o d ific a ti o n s o f th e o rd i n a ry

t o o ls t h at a r e s om e t im e s n e e d e d i n th e d e s ign o f m a c h i n e s,a n d a r e

i llus tra te d h e re .

O th e r app l i a n c e s a r e— Sh e ars s e e th e o rd i n ary sh e a ri n g m a c h i n e s , h o ok

bi n d e r’s sh e a rs, N o . 46 2

,a n d o th e r m o d ific a t i o n s . I n s om e th e

sh e ars a r e h i n ge d a t o n e e n d,i n o th e rs th e m o vable blad e m o ve s

e i th e r w i th e qua l o r un e qual m o tio n a t e i th e r e n d by c am o r

c ra n k m o t io n (s e e 462)454. Pi p e c utte r

,w i th V -e d ge d c utti n g ro lle r. Som e tim e s 3 c utt i n g

ro lle rs ar e us e d . Se e NO . 46 6 .

4 55 . C utti n g d i s c s , us e d fo r p ap e r, sh e e t m e ta l , 85 0 .

456 . S li tti n g d i s c s , fo r c utt i n g sh e e ts i n to s trip s .

457 . R e v o lv i n g c utte r h e a d , fo r m ould i n g , t e n o n i n g , a n d n um e rousw o o d wo rk i n g us e s .

H o llow r e v o lv i n g c utt e r h e a d ,fo r ro un d i n g wo o d ro d s , bro om

h a n d l e s , Soc . Se e a l so NO . 488.

R e a p i n g m a c h i n e c u tte r s . A s e ri e s Of s c is so r-sh ap e d k n ive s ,o n e s e t fixe d a n d th e o t h e r re c ipro c a ti n g.

460 . W i r e c ut te r d i s c s,o n e fixe d , th e o th e r a tta ch e d to th e h a n d le ve r,

a n d h avi n g c o rre sp o n d i n g h o l e s Of va rious s i z e s i n bo th d i sc s .

46 1 . C h a ff m a c h i n e , w i th re vo lvi n g sh e ar blad e s .

46 2 . G u i llo ti n e sh e a r s .

46 3 . M i lli n g c utte r s .

464. Tubu la r m a c h i n e c u tte r fo r w o o d w o rk i n g ; e as ily sh a rp e n e d ,

a n d c a n be re vo lve d to p re s e n t fre sh c utti n g e d ge s to th e wo rk .

4 5 4

THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

4 5 0 .

4 5 5 .

4—6 2 . 4 6 3 .

4 4 9 .


46 5 . Fr e t s aw o r j i gge r.466 . Th r e e -c utte r tub e sh e a r s

,w i th w o rm ge ar m o ti o n .

Se ct io n 25 ,

—OONDENSING AND COO L I N G AP P L IANC ES.

Th e i r use s ge n e ra lly a i e to c o n d e n s e s te am ,to c o o l h e a te d ga s e s , a i r

,o r

a rti c l e s o f fo o d re quiri n g a l o w tem p e ra ture ; d is t i lli n g, a n d o th e rpurp o se s . Fo r c o o l i n g p ui p o s e s , c om p re s se d a i r m a c h i n e s ar e i n

m o s t d em a n d . Th e a ir i s c om p re ss e d i n a c y li n d e r, th e n c o o le d too rd i n a ry t em p e ra ture a ga i n i n a surfa c e c o n d e n s e r

, suc h a s N o .

46 8,a n d th e n e xp a n d e d i n to th e c o o l i n g c h am be r

,th ro ugh a

c y l i n d e r a n d p i s to n , th e e xpa n s i o n re d uc i n g i ts tem p e ra ture usuallyto 10

°

o r 20°

b e lo w z e ro . O th e r c o o li n g app lia n c e s a r e amm o n ia

m a c h i n e s,fa n s , a n d blo we rs o f a l l k i n d s

, pu n kah s , o r wavi n g fa n s ,fre e z i n g m ixture s , &c .

467. G r a v i ty c o n d e n s e r . Th e p ip e sh ould be 3 4 fe e t h igh o r m o re,

i n wh i c h c a s e n o a i r pum p i s re quire d , a s th e c o n d e n s e d s te am a n d

a i r a r e d i sc h a rge d be low . I n p la c e o f th e p ip e a n a i r pum p a n d

fo o t va lve a r e re qui re d ,a n d a r e c omm o n ly us e d , a s i t i s se ld om

c o n v e n i e n t to h ave a ve rti c a l p ip e 34 fe e t lo n g w i th a wa te r sup p lya t th e to p .

468 . Sur fa c e c o n d e n s e r , m ulti tubu la r . Th e s te am m ay b e l e d i n to

th e tube s,a n d th e w a te r a rou n d th em

,o r vi c e ve r sé .

46 9 . W o rm , o r c o i l c o n d e n s e r , c h i efly use d fo r d i s t ill i n g.

470 . S ti ll c o n d e n s e r fo r e s s e n c e s,Sp iri ts , &c .

471 . C o n d e n s i n g c h am b e r s fo r ga s e s , &c . H o rizo n tal o r ve rti c a l .472 . W im sh u r s t

’s c o n d e n s e r , re qui re s n o a i r pum p . Th e e xh aust

c om e s d ow n th e ve rt i c a l p ip e , m e e ti n g th e i n je c tio n w a te r fromth e s id e n o zz l e , c aus i n g sud d e n c o n d e n sa t io n a n d va c uum . Th e

c o n d e n se d w a te r, &c . , a r e blow n out th rough th e fo o t va lve s a t

e a c h s tro k e .

473 . A n o th e r fo rm o f e j e c to r c o n d e n s e r i n wh i c h th e s te am a n d

w a te r fo rm a va c uum i n th e n o zzle , a n d th e wa te r, &c . , a r e d i s

c h a rge d th ro ugh a fo o t va lve ( n o t sh ow n ) .474. T r a y c o o le r

,o r c o n d e n s e r ; a s e ri e s o f w a te r tray s supp li e d from

a ta n k ab ove .

Se e Mo rto n ’

s eje c to r c o n d e n s e r , wh i c h re quire s n o a i r p um p ; H ayw a rd’

s

e xh aus t c o n d e n se r,w h i c h em p l oy s th e w a te r i n suc t i o n p ip e o f a

p um p i n g e n gi n e to c o n d e n se th e s te am . Se e Me s srs . Ta n gy e’

s l is t.

Wa te r tub e c o o li n g c o i ls ar e use d fo r tuy e re s a n d o th e r h o t surfa c e s .

Ai r -c om p re ss i n g a n d ga s e n gi n e c y l i n d e rs a i e w a te r ja c k e te d to

c a rry Off t h e h e a t o f th e c om p re s s e d a i r o r ga s . Co o l i n g bye xp o s i n g a large surfa c e to a i r i s s om e t im e s em p lo ye d fo r e xh aus ts te am o n t ram c a i e n gi n e s &c . , th e app ara tus c o n s i sti n g ge n e ra llyo f n um e ro us w ro ugh t-iro n tu l~e s o r c o i l s .

Se ct io n 26 .

—CO NCE NTRATI N G AND SE PARATI N G .

S ifti n g, ri d d l i n g, a n d s c re e n i n g a r e tre a te d o f un d e r Se c t io n 72 . Fo r

c o n c e n tra t i n g o re s m a n y m e th o d s ar e i n use , o f wh i c h th e wa te rp ro c e s se s a r e th e m o s t im p o rta n t .

475 . C i r c ula r r e v o lv i n g c o n c e n tr a ti n g ta b le . Th e l igh te s t p art ic le sa r e d i s c h arge d o ve r th e e d ge , a n d th e h e avi e s t rem a i n i n th e c e n tre .

Th e o rd i n a r y m agn e t i n g m a c h i n e , fo r s e pa ra t i n g p art ic l e s o f iro n o r s te e l

from m ixe d b o ri n gs , &c . ,c o n s i s ts o f a s e ri e s Of m agn e ts d raw n th rough th e

THE ENGI NEER S SEE TOE -B OOK. 6 7

h4 v 6 . i NJ E C T I ON

4 6 5 .

4 6 8 4 8 9

OVER F'

LOW I NJ EC TION

4 7 5

4 74 .


m a te r ia l,a n d th e n th rough fixe d brush e s , wh i c h brush o ff th e i ro n p arti c le s

a d h e ri n g t o th e m agn e ts .

476 . S e p a r a ti n g d u s t fr om gr a i n ,&c .

,by a c urre n t o f a ir d rive n

th rough th e s tre am o f m a t e ri a l a s i t fa ll s from h o p p e r to h op p e r.Se e a lso No s . 1268 1270.

477. O r e c o n c e n tr a to r ; c o n s i s ts Of a n e n d l e s s rubb e r b e lt w i th fla n ge s

478 .

( s e e N o . h avi n g a s low lo n gi tud i n a l m o t i o n,a n d a rap i d

sh ak i n g m o t io n,e i th e r s i d e way s , a s i n th e “ Frue V a n n e r

,

”

o r

e n dw i s e , a s i n th e “ Em bre y”

c o n c e n tra t o r ; a s tre am o f w a te rrun s o ve r th e o r e

,th e h e avy p art i c le s s e t tl e o n th e be l t

,a n d th e

m ud i s wa sh e d o ff .

Jig fo r s e p ara t i n g o re s by m o t i o n o f a p i s to n i n w a te r,th e h e avy

p arts se ttl e to th e bo t tom a n d th e l igh t p a rts a r e rem o ve d a t th e top .

F i l tra t io n th rough vari ous s ubs ta n c e s— a s sa n d, c h arc o a l , c a lc i n e d

o re s,&c . ,

i s em p l oy e d to se p a ra te susp e n d e d m a tte r from l iquid s .

Se p ara t i o n by subs i d e n c e i n a ta n k , s im i la r to N 0 . 1571 , i s

em p l o y e d fo r l im e,&c .

Ch em i c a l d e p o s i t i o n a n d e vap o ra ti o n a r e n e c e s sary i n m a n y c a se s .

Se ct io n 27.

—C H O P P I N G, SL I C I N G ,

AND MI N C I N G .

H a s a d i s c c u tte r w i th ra d i a l k n ive s a n d slo ts ; use d fo r ro o ts , &c .

D i s c c u tte r , w i th sm a ll k n ive s w e d ge d i n s ep ara te h o le s , th roughwh i c h th e c u tt i n gs e s c ap e i n sh re d s .

R e v o lv i n g c utte r r o lle r s .

H a n d m i n c i n g c om p o u n d k n i fe .

S p i r a l ta p e r e d r e v o lv i n g c utte r , i n a c o n i c al c a se,h avi n g p roj e c ti n g

k n ive s o n i ts i n te ri o r . Th e typ e Of th e c omm o n m i n c i n g m a c h i n e .

TW O o r m o r e r e c ta n gu la r c u tte r s,w i th ve rt ic a l re c ip ro c a t i n g

m o ti o n i n a re vo lvi n g p a n fo r m i n c i n g.

S i n gle r o lle r r e v o lv i n g c utte r m a c h i n e .

R e v o lv i n g s p i r a l c utte r s , a s us e d i n th e c omm o n law n m ow e r,i n

c o n ju n c t io n w i th a fixe d s tra igh t k n i fe o r sh e a r bla d e .

Ap p le s l i c e r a n d c o r e r ( c utte r fo r ) . Th e ap p le i s p a ss e d

d ow n th rough th e c utte r a n d d i vi d e d i n to s e c to rs a n d c e n tra lc y l i n d ri c a l c o re .

Se e a lso Se c ti o n 24.

Se ct io n 28 .

— C H U C KS, G R I PS, AND H O LD E RS.

C omm o n d e vi c e s fo r gri p p i n g a rti c le s c om p i i se th e O i d i n a r y vi c e , to n gs ,

488 .

489 .

490 .

49 1 .

492 .

493 .

p i n c e rs , p l i e rs , jo i n e rs’

ho

a n d s c r e w, c ram p be n c h sc re w p ara ll e l

vi c e,i n s ta n ta n e o us grip vi c e , &c .

H o llow c h uc k,w i th ra d ia l k n ive s , fo r rou n d i n g w o o d ro d s . Se e

a l s o NO . 45 8.

B a r b e r’s p a te n t grip fo r sh a n k s Of d ri lls

,bra c e b i ts

,&c . ,

h avi n gsqua r e tap e r sh a n k s .

C o ll a r gr i p a n d b e l t , o r s e t s c re w .

C o n e a n d s c r e w le v e r gr i p ,w i th two o r m o re jaws w i th two jaws

o n ly i t s e rve s a s a sm all vi c e .

Ta p e r gr i p fo r vi c e s .

To o l b o x,fo r la th e s

, p lan i n g m ac h i n e s,&c .

, w i th c e n t ral re vo lvi n gto o l p o s t a n d s e t s c re w .

TH E ENGI NEER S SKE TCH-B OOK.

4 8 5 .

4 9 0 .

4 9 4 . 4 9 6 .


To o l b o x ,w i th two to o l s to c k s a n d s e t s c re w s s l id i n g i n T gro o ve s

i n th e s l id e re s t .

To o l b o x,w i th c lam p i n g sc r e w a n d p la te , wh i c h c a n b e re vo lve d to

a n y a n gle .

A m o d ific a ti o n o f 49 5,th e to o l be i n g s e c ure d by s e t s c re ws i n

th e c lam p i n g p la t e

R a i l gr i p fo r h o ld i n g a c ra n e,c ar , &c . ,

d ow n to i ts ra i lway .

C am -le v e r r a i l gr i p fo r sa fe ty ge ar o n i n c li n e s ; th i s i s usua l lyth row n i n to a c t io n by a sp ri n g re l e a se d by th e bre akage o f th e

h auli n g ro p e .

C o n e c e n te r i n g gr i p s fo r m a c h i n e to o ls.

H i n ge d c lam p ,w i th s c re w a n d n ut .

Fi tte r ’s c lam p o r c r am p .

V gr i p v i c e fo r ro un d ro d s a n d tub e s . Th i s i s fre que n tly m a d e

w i th m ul tip l e V’

s to h o ld c y li n d ri c a l a rti c le s suc h a s d r i lls , &c .

,

a n d i s a c omm o n d e vi c e fo r d ri ll c h u c k s .

L a th e c a r r i e r , fo r ro u n d ro d s , sp i n d le s , &c .

B e n c h c r am p ; em p lo ye d to h o ld d o w n to th e b e n c h w o rk Op e ra te dup o n ; th e be n c h h a s a s e ri e s Of h o l e s bo re d i n i t to re c e ive th e

ve rt i c a l le g o f th e c ram p .

G r i p to n gs , us e d fo r d raw b e n c h e s , &c . , th e bi te o f th e jaw si n c re a s i n g w i th th e s tra i n o n th e c h a i n .

Sp li t c o n e e xp a n d i n g c h uc k fo r rod s , &c . ; th e c e n tre c o n e i s

sp li t i n to th re e o r four p art s , a n d th e sc re w e d ri n g o r c o lle tc o n tra c ts th e sp l i t c o n e up o n a n y c yl i n d ri c a l a rti c le i n s e rte d i n th ec e n tra l ap e rture .

L e C oun t ’s p a te n t e xp a n d i n g m a n d r i l , w i th c o n e a n d t hre es lid i n g fe a th e rs wh i c h a r e fitte d i n to d o ve ta i l gro o ve s i n th e

c o n i c a l m a n d ri l . Th e trave l o f th e fe a th e rs be i n g lim i te d , th e ya r e p ro vi d e d w i th s te p s to tak e vari ous s i ze s o f h o l e s .

B e ll c h uc k a n d se t sc rew s fo r la th e s .

Th r e e j aw gr i p , o r s tay be ari n g , use d a s a s te ad y for lo n g sh a fts

o r sp i n d le s .

P i p e to n gs , s e lf gripp i n g ; th e re a r e s e ve ra l m o d ific a tio n s i n us e .

Pa p e r gr i p , use d fo r h o ld i n g sh e e ts o f p ap e r ; re le as e d by s triki n g a

s t e p A a t an y p o i n t i n the tra ve l o f th e m a c h i n e .



Sp l i t b a r gr i p , o r to o l h o ld e r.E y e

-b o lt to o l h o ld e r .

H a n d p a d fo r h o l d i n g sm a l l to o ls .

S e lf-a d ju s t i n g j aw s fo r rou n d a rt ic le s .

Ad ju s ta b le gr i p p i n g to n gs fo r l ift i n g h e avy s to n e s,boxe s , doc .

Se e a ls o N O . 76 1 .

R e v o lv i n g to o l p o st, o r h e a d , to c a rry a va ri e ty o f to o ls,e a c h

b e i n g re qu ire d i n us e i n a c e rta i n o rd e r,a s i n sp e c ial re p e t i ti o n

turn i n g w o rk .

D o ub le s c r e w gr i p p i n g to n gs .

Se e a l s o NO . 944,9 12

, 9 18 , 9 17 , 9 19 , 923 .

Th e o rd i n ary th re e o r fo ur-jaw c h uc k s,wo o d c h uck s w i th c e n tre

s c re w o r fo rk,a n d n um e ro us va r ie ti e s Of s e l f-c e n te ri n g c huc ks ,

a r e w e l l k n ow n . Se e to o l m ak e rs ’ l i s ts .

Sp i n d le gri p s , No s . 9 17,9 18 . 9 19 .

Th e re a r e n um e rous fo rm s Of th re e a n d four-jaw c h uc ks , bo th w i th

u n ive rsa l o r c e n te ri n g m o t io n s,a n d w i th i n d e p e n d e n t jaw s . Se e

H o rto n ’

s , Cushm a n’

s , th e Sw e e tla n d , Pra tt a n d Wh i t n e y’

s, W e s t

c o tt’

s a n d o th e rs , c h i efly Am e ri c a n .

Th e s e a r e vari ous c om b i n a ti o n s o f th e s c ro ll (NO . 13 84) a n d sc rewjaw s , a s i n th e O i d i n a ry d og c huc k . Se e a lso No s . 13 78 a n d

13 81 .

Se c t io n 29 .

—CU SH I O N I N G .

Fo r c h e ck i n g th e im pa c t o f a bl ow,o r m o re ge n e rally th e m om e n tum o f a

h e avy m o vi n g p art o f a m a c h i n e . Th e d e vi c e s i n use c om p ri s e ( a )spri n gs , s e e Se c t io n 80 ; (6) a i r c y li n d e r , s e e N O . 1480 ; ( c ) p i sto n sd rive n by e la s ti c fluid s , suc h a s s te am a n d a i r , c a n b e c ush i o n e d byim p r i so n i n g a p o rti o n o f th e flui d a t e a c h e n d o f th e c y l i n d e r ;( 11) brak e s o f vari ous k i n d s

,s e e Se c t io n 5 .

5 19 . H y d r au li c c u sh i o n . Th e d e sc e n d i n g r am,by i ts tap e re d e n d

c lo s e s gra d ua lly th e d i s ch arge o utle t fo r th e w a te r.Hyd raul i c buffe r s top s a r e c o n s truc te d o n th i s p ri n c ip le .

5 20. Cu sh i o n i n g d e v i c e , a t th e upp e r e n d o f a st e am -h amm e r c y l i n d e r.Sh ould th e p i s to n p ass th e e xh aust h o l e s , th e ste am abo ve i sim p r is o n e d , a n d c h e c ks th e p i s to n w i th out sh o c k .

Se ct io n 3 0 .

— D R I L L I N G,BOR I N G

,ac .

B e s i d e s th e o rd i n a ry t o o ls i n us e,a s gim l e ts , bra d aw ls , p i n a n d bra c e bi ts

auge rs , & e .,wh i c h d o n o t n e e d d e s c rip ti o n ,

th e fo llow i n g a r t

n o te wo rth y521 . I s th e o r d i n a r y V d r i ll fo r m e tal w o rk .

522. F la t p o i n t, o r“ bo t tom i n g

”d ri l l .

523 52 1. C o u n te r s i n k i n g d r i lls fo r m e tal.5 25 . C e n tr e b i t fo r w o o d .

526 . Tw i s t b i t fo r w o o d ; c le ars i ts ow n bo ri n gs . Th e re i s a var ie tyw i th ro un d e d c ut te r e d ge s .

527, 528 , 529 . R o c k d r i l ls,o r jump e rs .

53 0 . E a r th b o r e r , o r m o ori n g sc re w.

5 2 6 .

THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK .

5 14 .


5 3 1. Tw i s t d r i ll fo r m e tal .

5 32 5 3 3 . C o un te r s i n k i n g d r i lls fo r wo od .

534. D i am o n d d r i ll fo r ro ck ; bo re s a n a n n ula r h o le , th e c o re Of wh i c h

bre ak s out a t i n t e rvals .

53 5 to 545 W e ll b o r i n g to o ls fo r d iffe re n t kin d s o f s tra ta ; to o ls fo rr a i sm g broke n ro d s , &c .

546 . H o llow b o r i n g c utte r fo r c utti n g a sh oul d e r o n a c e n tra l c or e ;d ow e lli n g bit .

Se ct io n 31 — D I FFE R E NTIAL G EAR .

De vi c e s to utilise th e d iffe re n c e o f ve lo c i ty , o r p owe r , be tw e e n two d i sti n c tm ov i n g p arts .

547. E qu a ti o n a l b o x . Tw o d ri ve rs A, A'

, e qually sp e e d e d i n opp o si t e

548 .

549 .

5 50 .

551 .

d i re c t io n s , wi ll d r ive th e be vi l ge ar a t sam e ve lo c i ty w i th ou t

re vo lvi n g th e spur wh e e l 0'wh i c h i s lo o se o n th e sh af t ; but a n y

a lte ra t io n i n th e re la t ive sp e e d s o f A a n d A'

, c aus e s th e be vi lp i n i o n to trave l roun d , c arry i n g th e spur wh e e l C

'

a t a sp e e d e qua lto h a lf th e d i ffe re n c e o f th e two ve lo c i tie s . Th i s ge a r i s us e d o n

tra c t io n e n gi n e s to d ri ve th e sw i ve lli n g wh e e ls roun d c urve s , wh e reth e p ro p o rti o n a te ve lo c i ti e s o f th e wh e e ls w i ll va ry w i th th e rad iuso f t h e c urve . I n th i s ap p lic a ti o n o f th e ge ar B i s th e d riv i n gsh aft , a n d A a n d A

'th e sw iv e lli n g wh e e ls .

I s a m o d ific a ti o n o f 5 47 . Th e p i n i o n A m ay be c o n tro lle d i nsp e e d by a n y h a n d o r autom a ti c d e vi c e , to vary th e sp e e d o f th e

d rive n p i n i o n B. Th e be lt pulley O c arri e s roun d th e b e vi lwh e e l D,

d r ivi n g B a t a sp e e d va ry i n g w i th th e m o tio n give n to A.

Tw o w h e e ls (o n e o f wh i c h h a s a d i ffe re n t n umbe r o f te e th to th e

o th e r) ge ari n g i n to o n e p i n i o n ; use d fo r c oun te rs a n d s low m o ti o n s

o f a ll k i n d s .

I s a n a p p l i c a ti o n o f N o . 5 49 by i n te rn a l o r e p i c y c lo i d a l ge ar topul l ey bl o cks . Mo o re ’s p a te n t (NO . 1545) a n d Pi c ke ri n g

’

s pa te n t

a r e e xam p le s . Th e a rm sh ow n i s n o t re qui re d wh e re two i n te rn allo ose wh e e l s a r e us e d w i th d i ffe re n t n umb e rs o f t e e th , a n d o n e

p i n i o n a s i n No . 1 545 , but if use d i s fixe d t o th e p i n i o n so th at i t

i s p re ve n ted from re vo lvi n g, but re ta i n s i ts c ircul a r swayi n g m o tio n ;i n t h i s c a se , o n e i n te rn a l wh e e l i s m o vable a n d th e o th e r fixe d , th esp e e d be i n g e qual to th e d i ffe re n c e i n n um be r Of te e th o f th e lo o sewh e e l a n d p i n i o n a t e a c h re vo luti o n o f th e e c c e n tr i c sh aft.

W e s to n ’s d i ffe r e n ti a l p ulle y b lo c k , c o n si sti n g o f a two -gro o ve d

p i tc h e d c h a i n -sh e ave h a vi n g d i ffe re n t n um be rs o f te e th , i n c om

b i n a t io n w i th a re turn blo ck a n d e n d le ss c h a i n .

5 52. D i ff e r e n ti a l s c r e w s . Th e se m ay b e bo th o f th e sam e h a n d,o r

o n e righ t a n d o n e l e ft-h a n d e d,a n d a n y fra c tio n al sp e e d se cure d by

p rop o rti o n i n g th e p i tc h e s .

5 4 5 .


5 4 5 .

5 4 6 .

75


Tw o -sp e e d ge a r , op e ra te d by a d ouble c lutc h , wh i c h th rows e i th e rp a i r i n to ge ar a s re qui re d .

S tew a r ts ’ d i ffe r e n ti a l ge a r . Two c ra n k s , o n e fixe d to a sle e vea n d th e o th e r to a c e n tre sh aft , a r e d rive n r oun d a t vary i n gve lo c i t i e s by a s lo tte d c ro ssh e ad re vo lvi n g w i th th e d rivi n g sh aft.

Th e two sh afts a r e n o t i n th e sam e li n e .

Di ff e r e n ti a l h y d r aul i c a c c um ula to r . Th e e ffe c tive a re a Of th e

r am i s th e a n n ula r sh ould e r, o r th e d i ffe re n c e b e tw e e n th e a re as o f

th e top a n d th e b o ttom ram s .

D i ff e r e n ti a l go v e r n i n g d e v i c e . Th e m o tive p ow e r d riv e s Awh i c h w i n d s up th e l a rge w e igh t ; th e sm all w e igh t te n d i n g to r un

d ow n , d rive s th e fa n re gula to r, a n d th e two w e igh ts a r e so a djus te dth a t wh e n th e p ro p e r sp e e d i s a tta i n e d , b o th w e igh ts a r e s ta t io n ary ;a n y c h an ge o f sp e e d c aus e s th e m t o run up o r d ow n , sO ac tua ti n gth e regul at io n by th e b e ll c ra n k le ve r a n d r od .

V a r y i n g d i ffe r e n ti a l r e gu la to r . Th e upp e r r o d A i s c o n n e c te d

t o th e re gul a to r valve o r o th e r d e vi c e , a n d i t i s c ap able Of re c e ivi n gm o t i o n from e i th e r th e p i sto n , wh i c h a c ts aga i n st a sp ri n g, o r

from th e r o d B a t ta c h e d to som e p o s i tive re c ip ro c a t i n g p a rt , so

th a t th e n e tt m ovem e n t Of A i s due to th e d i ffe re n c e Of m o tio n

Of B a n d th e p i s to n 0 .

Di ffe re n t ial Wo rm Ge ar , NO . 1559 .

Se ct io n 32 .

— E N G I N ES (TY PES O F) .

The fo llow i n g sk e t ch e s a r e typ e d rawi n gs Of th e m o st im p o rta n t fo rm s Of

Ste am E n gi n e s i n us e,a n d a r e i n te n d e d to affo rd a c h o i c e o f

Outli n e a rra n gem e n ts from wh i c h i n a n y s c h em e u n d e r c o n s i d e ra ti o na se le c ti o n m ay be m a d e a s a ba s i s

, w i th out re fe re n c e to d e ta i ls .

V E RTI CAL E N G I NE S .

O v e r h e a d c y li n d e r e n gi n e .

O v e r h e a d c r a n k e n gi n e .

O v e r h e a d c r a n k e n gi n e , c y li n d e r o s c i lla ti n g.

O v e r h e a d c y li n d e r e n gi n e , w i th o sc i lla ti n g c y li n d e r .

v e rh e a d ta n d em c om c un d0 19Th e s e c a n , Of c ourse , bee n gi n e .

re ve rs e d a n d th k fix (1e c r

O v e r h e a d d o ub le c om p oun d o ve rh e ad .

a n e

e n gi n e .

O v e r h e a d o n e -c r a n k c om p o un d o s c i lla ti n g e n gi n e , cy li n d e rsa t ri gh t a n gle s a n d re c e i ve r b e tw e e n .

O v e r h e a d d oub le -c r a n k c om p o un d O s c i lla t i n g e n gi n e , w i thr e c e ive r.

O v e rh e a d c r a n k c om p oun d ta n d em o s c i lla ti n g e n gi n e .

5 5 6

THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK. 77


5 67. V e r ti c a l e n gi n e , w i th top guid e s , d ouble c o n n e c ti n g r od s,a n d

un d e rn e a th c ra n k sh af t.

5 68 . V e r ti c a l trun k e n gi n e .

No te th a t th e trun k p la n i s app li c able to a n y o f th e p re c e d i n garra n gem e n ts

,a n d i s em p loye d wh e re a ve ry sh o rt e n gi n e i s

re qui re d .

5 6 9 . V e r ti c a l tr ip le c om p o un d e n gi n e , s i n gle a c ti n g c yli n d e rs .

Th e h i gh p re s sure s te am a c ts first o n th e un d e r s i d e o f th e sm allp i s to n ,

i s th e n e xp a n d e d i n to th e a n n ula r un d e r s i d e o f large p i sto n ,a n d fin a lly e xp an d e d i n to th e upp e r s i d e o f large p i sto n .

570 . V e r ti c a l c om p oun d e n gi n e , w i th an n ular c yl i n d e r. Th e c e n tralc yli n d e r i s th e h i gh p re ssure , a n d th e a n n ular c yli n d e r th e l owp re ssure .

V e r ti c a l a n n ula r c y li n d e r e n gi n e , wi th c ra n k be low.

V e r ti c a l s lo tte d c r o s sh e a d e n gi n e .

S ta n d a r d v e r ti c a l e n gi n e ; a typ e large ly used a n d p osse ss i n gma n y go od p o i n ts .

D o ub le c y li n d e r e n gi n e , with T c o n n e c tin g r od . (Be r n ay’

s

pate n t.)

H O R I ZONTAL EN G INE S .

575 . B o x b e d e n gi n e , h igh p r e ssur e .

576 . D oub le b o x b e d e n gi n e , c oup le de n d to e n d .

Th e se c a n, o f c our s e , be

577 O s c i lla ti n g c y l i n d e r e n gi n e ,dup li c ate d s id e by s id e

w i th c r o ssh ead gui d e s .

578. Trun k e n gi n e .

579 . R e tur n c r a n k e n gi n e .

580. D i ago n a l e n gi n e . Se e al so NO . 5 64.


80 THE E NGI NEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

H o r i zo n ta l ta n d em c om p oun d e n gi n e .

G a llow ay’s Ob li que c om p o u n d e n gi n e .

D o ub le c y li n d e r c om p oun d e n gi n e , with r e c e ive r , c r a n ks

r igh t a n gle s .

Trun k b e d e n gi n e .

D o ub le p i sto n e n gi n e . Th e p i sto n s a r e som etim e s c oup le dtwo c ra n k p i n s a t ri gh t a n gle s .

C o n d e n s e r s (se e Se c tio n 25) m ay be d rive n (a ) from h o ri zo n tal e n gi n e se i th e r d ire c t by c o n ti n ua ti o n o f th e p i s to n r o d , o r (b) m ay be w o rk e dh o rizo n tally be low by a ve rt i c a l ro cki n g b e am c oup le d t o th e m a i n c ro ssh e ad , o r ( c ) wo rke d ve rti c ally be low by a b e ll c ra n k c o up le d to th e m a i n

c ro ssh e ad , o r (d ) by a s ep ara te sm all s te am c yli n d e r w o rk i n g i n d ep e n

d e n tly , o r (c ) by a c o n n e c ti n g r o d o r ge a ri n g from th e c ra n k sh aft.

Fo r Je t C o n d e n s e r s se e Se c ti o n 25 .

BEAM E N G I N E S , a c .

O r d i n a r y p i lla r a n d o v e r h e a d b e am e n gi n e .

H as e xte n d e d be am a n d d ouble c yli n d e rs , e i th e r a s a c om p oun d

e n gi n e o r o n e c yli n d e r m ay fo rm a pum p o r blas t c yli n d e r. I n

som e d e s ign s th e h igh a n d l ow p re s sure c yli n d e rs a r e pla c e d s id e

by s i d e a n d c ouple d to th e sam e e n d o f th e be am by a m od ifie d

p aralle l m o tio n .

S i d e le v e r e n gi n e .

Pla n o f b e am e n gi n e , wi th c om p oun d cyli n d e r s .

W a lk i n g b e am e n gi n e .

D i ago n a l e n gi n e .

Th r e e o r four c y li n d e r h igh -sp e e dl

e n gi n e , w ith s i n gle -ac ti n gcyli n d e rs .

V e r ti c a l h igh -sp e e d s i n gle -a c ti n g e n gi n e , wi th o n e o r m o r e

c ylin d e rs ; ~

THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B 0 0K.

5 8 3 .

5 8 9 1


Sect io n 33 .— E N G I N ES AND BO I LE RS COMBI N ED (Se e

a lso Bo ile rs , Se e .

V E RTI CAL ARRAN GEMENTS .

5 94. I n th i s e n gi n e t h e b o i le r fo rm s th e s ta n d a r d fo r sup p o r to f e n gi n e p a rts , but i t i s be tte r to fix th e se o n a ve rti c al be d -p la tebolte d to th e bo i le r , o r a s NO . 5 9 5 .

595 . An y ty p e o f v e r ti c a l e n gi n e a n d a n y ty p e o f v e r ti c a lb o i le r c a n b e c om bi n e d o n th i s p la n .

5 9 6 . V e r ti c a l b o i le r (a n y typ e ) an d h o ri zo n tal e n gi n e (a n y typ e ) .

597. An y ty p e o f v e r ti c a l b o i le r , w i th sh o rt h o rizo n tal e n gi n e o n

(Br ow n .

5 98 . V e rti c a l b o i le r , w i th c yli n d e r sun k i n th e c e n tre Of c ro wn .

5 99 . O v e r h e a d c r a n k e n gi n e a n d b o i le r , th e latte r fo rm i n g th e baseto wh i ch th e e n gi n e p a r ts ar e fixe d .

H OR I Z O N TAL EN G I N E S .

L o c o -typ e s em i -fixe d h o r i zo n ta l e n gi n e .

L o c o .-ty p e s em i -fix e d h o r i zo n ta l e n gi n e , wi th e n gi n e o n

‘

top .

Wh e n p la c e d o n w h e e ls th i s typ e c o n st i tute s th e w e ll-k n ow nPo rtable .

”

H o r i zo n ta l s em i -fix e d b o i le r , w i th c i rc ular sh e ll an d e n gi n e o n

top . (Se e NO .

H o r i zo n ta l s em i -fix e d b o i le r , w i th un d e rn e ath fir e -box. (Se eN O .

Se ct io n 34.

— E L L I PTI CAL MOTI O N .

604. E llip s o gr ap h ; by ge ari n g th e be vi l wh e e l A i s fixe d , th e o th e r th re ere vo lvi n g w i th th e wh o le m ac h i n e o n th e fixe d c e n tra l s ta n d ard ,

th e d ista n c e A'

sh ould e qua l th e d iffe r e n c e be twe e n th e m ajo r a n d

m i n o r axe s o f th e e l lip se .

605 . Pe r fo rm s th e s am e Op e r a ti o n i n a s im i lar way ; A i s fixe d ; 8i s sam e d iam e te r a s A ; a n d O 1 d iam e te r Of A a n d B.

606 . C om m o n tr am m e l o r e lli p so gr ap h .

Th e re ar e o th e r fo rm s Of appa ra tus fo r d r awi n g e llip se s m e r e ly( se e Kn igh t

’

s Di c ti o n a ry o f Me ch a n i c s) . Se e Tramm e l Gea r ,Se c . 40 .

607 608 . Tw o fo rm s o f e ll ip so gr ap h s or e llipti c a l c ran ks.Se e also NO . 144.


5 9 6 .

6 0 5 .


Se ct io n 3 5 .—E LASTI C WHE E LS.

Wh e e ls w i th rubb e r ty re s a r e th e c om m o n fo rm . Wh e e ls w ith a

6 09 .

6 10 .

6 1 1 .

6 12 .

6 13 .

fla t tyre o uts i d e a fixe d ty re a n d w i th va ri ous fo rm s Of sp r i n gi n se rte d be twe e n th e tyre s . (Se e Sp ri n gs , Se c ti o n

Hux le y ’s W h e e l , w i th sp ri n g tyre a n d j o i n te d sp oke s .

W h e e l w i th d o ub le ty r e s a n d i n te rm e d ia te sp ri n gs .

TW O p la n s o f b e n t s p o k e , sp r i n g fo rm a ti o n .

TW O p la n s o f b e n t s p o k e , s p r i n g fo rm a ti o n .

H a s a n o ute r e la s ti c ty r e a n d a n i n n e r r igid ri n g, to wh i c h tht e n s i o n o r c om p re s s i o n Sp ri n gs a r e fixe d .

6 14 6 15 . S e c ti o n s O f r ub b e r ty r e s .

Wh e e ls ar e a l so m ad e w i th rubbe r ri n gs ap p li e d b e twe e n th e bo ss a n

sh a ft so a s to a l low a lim i te d am oun t o f e la st i c i ty b e twe e n th e wh e e l a naxle .

Se ct io n 3 6.—EXPAN D I N G AND CO NTRACTI N G D EV I C ES.

Comm o n e xp e d i e n ts fo r th e se purp o s e s a r e—jo i n te d fo ld i n g ro d s , a s a

6 16 .

6 17.

6 18 .

6 19 .

6 20 .

6 21 .

622 .

6 23 .

p e n te r’

e rule ; th e t e l e s c op e tub e ; n e t w o rk ; d iago n aa n d jo i n te d bars ; latt i c e w o rk ; sp ri n gs (se e Se c tio nto n gs (NO .

T e le s c o p i c r am h y d r auli c li ft. (Se e also N o . Co n s i sti n go f two o r m o re ram s s l id i n g wi th i n e a c h o th e r .

Pa r a lle l b a r e xp a n d i n g gr i lle , o r ga te .

Pa r a lle l b a r e xp a n d i n g gr i lle , w i th lazy to n gs m o t io n , e a c h

a l te rn a te bar h a s s lo tte d h o l e s a s sh ow n .

M o d ific a ti o n o f 6 18 . Th e n um be r o f h o rizo n tal bars c a n be

m ultip l i e d i n d efin i te ly .

V e n e ti a n b li n d ; th i s m e th o d i s use d also fo r m o vable d o o rs o r

p a rti ti o n s , sli d i n g h o ri z o n tally .

V e n e ti a n b li n d,but w i th o ut re vo lvi n g m otio n to th e l ath e or s la ts .

Pe r fo r a te d b a r a n d h o o k e d r o d susp e n d e r .

L a zy to n gs e xp a n d i n g c o n n e c ti n g r o d .

624. Fo ur -gui d e e xp a n d i n g li n k d e v i c e,fo r v ar yi n g m o ti o n .

625 . Th o r bu r n ’s tub e e xp a n d e r , Op e rate d by a c e n tr a l c o n e an d

ri n g o f c o n i c a l ro lle rs .

626 . G a s om e te r .

627. T im m s’e xp a n d i n g b o r i n g to o l . Op e ra te d by a c e n tral c o n e

a n d th re e o r m o re d iago n a l fe ath e rs , sl i d i n g i n d o ve tai l gr o ove s i nth e c e n tral c o n e .

Expa n d i n g Ma n d re l,NO . 507.

Exp a n d i n g Chuck s , No s . 489 , 491 , 506 .



E xp a n d i n g b a sk e t, w i th c h a i n c o r n e r susp e n d e r s .

E xp a n d i n g s o c k e t,w i th slid i n g ri n g grip .

Exp a n d i n g gr a ti n g, fo rm e d o f be n t ste e l la th s o n e d ge .

B r i d ge o r fla p be twe e n c ars , h av i n g buffe rs .

E xp a n d i n g c o r e b a r r e l, i n th r e e p a rts , e xp a n d e d by a we dge .

Exp a n d i n g m a n d r i l o r c h uc k . Se e a lso Se c tio n 28.

Exp an s i o n Jo i n t , NOS. 1076 , 1077.

Exp a n d i n g Pi p e s , NO. 1079 .

Se ct io n 37.— FASTEN I N G WH E E LS TO SHAFTs,

Be s i d e s th e o rd i n ary pla n o f sh ri n k i n g th em o n wh i le h o t , th e fo llow i n g

6 34.

6 3 5 .

6 3 6 .

6 37.

6 3 8.

6 3 9 .

640.

641 .

642 .

643 .

644.

645 .

646 .

647.

648 .

649 .

ar e th e c h i e f d e vi c e s i n use

S qua r e sh a ft a n d s i n gle k e y .

S qua r e s h a ft a n d tw o k e y s a t righ t a n gle s ; two ke ys sh oulda lway s be use d fo r a squa re sh a ft , un l e ss i t h as be e n m a ch i n e d to

fit to th e h o le .

R o un d sh a ft a n d h o llow k e y .

R oun d sh a ft a n d fla t e y .

R o un d s h a ft a n d sun k k e y .

S ta k e d fa s te n i n g, four ke y s , usually o n flats cut o n Sh aft, but

b e tte r i f sligh tly sun k i n to sh a ft .

S e t s c r e w . Ca n n o t be d ep e n d e d o n fo r a n y but’

li gh t stra i n s .

T a p e r p i n .

Sp l i t p i n ; always us e d wh e re a p i n ,b e l t

,o r c e n tre i s liable to wo rk

l o o s e .

C o tte r a n d s lo t .

S c r ewe d p i n th rough sh aft a n d bo ss Of wh e e l .

O c ta go n a l s h a ft o f c a s t i r o n ,w ith four ke ys , o r th e four key s

m ay be c a st o n sh aft .

C o tte r o r p i n th r ough s i d e o f s h a ft.

L a rge W h e e ls a r e s om e t im e s w e d ge d w i th ir o n a n d wo od w e d ge s

a l l roun d o n a square o r o c tago n a l sh aft h avi n g fe a th e rs c ast o n i t .

S e t s c r e w ,tap p e d h a lf i n to sh aft a n d h alf i n to wh e e l.

S c r ew e d s h a ft, n u t a n d c lam p i n g p la te s ; use d for em e rywh e e ls , gri n d s to n e s , c irc ular saw s , a n d m i l l i n g c utte rs .


88 THE ENGINEER’

S SKE TCH -B OOK.

650. S c r ew e d e n d a n d n ut,th e h o le i n wh e e l be i n g squar e

,o r rou n d

a n d fitte d w i th k ey

65 1 . G i b h e a d ta p e r k e y .

6 52 . Pla i n ta p e r k e y .

6 53 . Ta p e r r o un d p i n .

6 54, 6 55 . Sp li t p i n s (roun d ).

6 5 6 . C o tte r a n d sp li t p i n .

6 57. C o tte r a n d n ut .

6 58 . D o v e ta i l ta p e r k e y , o r fixi n g fo r p r oje c tio n , c utte r o r br a cke t .

6 59 . S e lf-lo c k i n g p i n c an n o t w o rk out .

6 60. Sp li t c o lla r a n d r i n g fa s te n i n g, som e t im e s use d i n ste ad of a

n ut a n d s c r ewe d e n d ; th e i n n e r r i n g i s i n h a lve s .

6 61 . Pi s to n r o d fa s te n i n g.

6 62. L o c k i n g fe a th e r a n d w e d ge faste n i n g, fo r r o lle r s , &c ., p r e v e n tse n d m o t io n .

6 6 3 .

‘

R a i lw ay c h a i r k e y .

Se ct io n 38.— FR I CTI O N G EAR .

V ar ious fo rm s o f fri c ti o n ge ari n g a r e m uc h use d,th e c h i e f obje c ti o n to

th i s ki n d o f ge a r be i n g th e e xc e s s o f p re s sure o n th e be ar i n gsre quire d to give suffic i e n t grip to d rive th e ge ar.

6 64. Th e c omm o n fo rm o f fla t -fa c e d fr i c ti o n ge a r fo r h o i sti n gpurp o se s , &c . Se e N o . 1211 . Th e r e qui re d p re ssur e i s give n bya w e i gh te d le ve r.

6 65 . Fr i c ti o n b e v i ls , p la i n fa c e s , fo r go ve rn o r d rivi n g, &c .

6 6 6 . Fr i c ti o n b e v i l s , th e p i n i o n b e i n g usually o f h ard le a th e r ; th ep re s sure m ay be app li e d i n th e d ire c t i o n o f e i th e r o f th e a rrows .

6 67. Multi p le V ge a r . A c omm o n m i stake i s to run th e se to o d e ep i n

ge ar ; th e n arro w e r th e surfa c e s i n c o n ta c t , sh o rt o f th e se i zi n g o r

c rush i n g p o i n t , th e le s s th e p owe r wa ste d i n fri c t i o n .

6 68 . A v e r y sm a ll p i n i o n o f le a th e r,w o o d

,o r rubb e r i s fre que n tly

d rive n by a large d ri vi n g wh e e l fo r o bta i n i n g h igh sp e e d wi th

s te a d i n e ss , fo r d ri vi n g d y n am o s,fa n s

,&c .

6 69 . D i s c W h e e l a n d rubb e r p i n i o n ,arra n ge d to r e ve rs e m o tio n o r

va ry sp e e d . Se e N o . 15 95 . Th e m o t io n i s r e ve rse d by th rowi n ge i th e r wh e e l i n to ge ar w i th th e p i n i o n ,

a n d th e sp e e d vari e d a t w i llby ra i s i n g o r lo w e ri n g th e p i n i o n ,

use d fo r s c r ew p re sse s .

670. W e d ge fr i c ti o n ge a r .

THE ENGI NE ER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

6 5 0 i

671 .


C o up le d b e a r i n gs fo r fri c t io n ge a r , to a llow o f a n y r e quir e dp re ssure o r bi te ,

”th e s tra i n s b e i n g s e l f-c o n ta i n e d .

Se e a ls o No . 73 7, 73 8 , 1294.

Se c t io n 3 9 .

—G U I D E8,SL I D ES, &c .

PI STO N -R O D GU I DE S .

TW O b a r s a n d c r o s sh e a d ; th e s e m u s t be fa r e n ough ap art toa l low fo r th e a n gle o f th e c o n n e c t i n g r o d .

F o u r b a r s , c r o s sh e a d , a n d s li d e b lo c k s ; th e c o n n e c t i n g r o d

w o rki n g b e twe e n th e two p a irs o f gu id e s . Th e bo tt om guid e s a r e

o fte n c a s t s o li d w i th th e b e d p la te .

B a r a n d s l i p p e r .

Ad ju s ta b le s l i p p e r ; th e re a r e o th e r a djus tm e n ts fo r w e ar by w e d gep i e c e s , s im ilar to N o . 19 . Se e a l s o N o . 2 1.

A p la i n guid e bush i s som e tim e s use d a s N o . 682 , a n d a fo rk e dc o n n e c t i n g r o d w i th lo n g fo rk c ouple d to th e gud ge o n o r c ro s sh e ad .

S e c ti o n o f N o . 6 7 3 a n d a lte r n a tiv e c r o s sh e a d fo r two

ro u n d ba r guid e s .

S li d e b e d a n d s li p p e r .

S e c ti o n o f trun k gui d e , c a s t w i th e n gi n e b e d a n d bo re d out.

O s c i lla ti n g c y li n d e r p i s to n h e a d gui d e s .

O s c i lla ti n g fu lc rum i n l i e u o f gui d e s .

D i ago n a l c r o s sh e a d a n d gu i d e b a r s , to allo w th e c r a n k a n d

c o n n e c ti n g r o d e n d t o p a> S th e gu i d e ba rs .

V AL V E R OD GU I DE S .

6 82 , 6 83 , 6 84, 6 85 .

GU I D E R O LLE R S .

6 86 687. Gui d e r o lle r s fo r re p e s , &c .

688 689 . Gu i d e r o lle r s fo r bars o f va rio us s e c ti o n s.

6 90.

L I FT AN D H O I ST GU I DE S .

C a ge gui d e d b y fo ur c o r n e r p o s t s .

6 9 1 6 92. C a ge run s o n tw o v e r ti c a l r a i ls,a n d i s s te ad ie d by a

th i rd gui d e . Fo r la rge c age s . Sm a ll c age s o n ly re qui re guid i s o no n e s id e , a s 6 92 .

6 8 6 .

THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK. 9 1


I r o n W i r e o r r o d gui d e s , s tra i n e d t igh t , a r e s om e tim e s us e d ,e sp e c i a l ly i n m i n e s , a s gui d e s fo r th e c age two a r e us e d to gui d e

th e c age a n d two fo r th e ba la n c e w e igh t .

Pla n i sh e d r o un d i r o n gu i d e s , w i th h a l f roun d fixi n g bra c ke t sa n d ru n n e rs a tta c h e d - to c age ; th e s e guid e s a r e e qua l t o p la n e d

ba rs a n d m uc h l e s s c o s tly two a r e usua l ly suffic i e n t fo r a n y c age ;

T L o r [J i r o n gu i d e s , fo r go o d s l ifts .

W i r e r o p e gui d e s ,w i th s e para te p a ir o f w o o d gui d e s fo r balan c e

w e igh t .

I n te rm e d i a te gu i d e s fo r d o uble c age l ifts ; fo r la rge c age s e xtr a

guid e s a t e a c h s id e sh o uld b e us e d .

S lo p i n g c a r r i age gu i d e s .

V e r ti c a l bra c k e t c a ge gu i d e s .

M AC H I NE GU I DE B ED S .

D o ub l e V b e d,w i th se t s c rew a djus tm e n ts .

G ui d e b e d fo r p la n i n g m ac h i n e , o r a n y m a c h i n e wh e re t h e be d i sn o t l ia ble t o l ift i n wo rki n g.

R o un d b a r a n d fla t gu i d e b e d .

D e e p V gu i d e m uc h use d fo r c ro ssh e a d s , to o l b oxe s , &c .,re qui ri n g

a c c ura te m o vem e n t .

L a th e b e d w i th s quare guid e s a n d a djus tm e n ts fo r we ar .

Pla n i n g m a c h i n e , d o uble V b e d .

C r o s sh e a d fo r two s i n gle ba r gui d e s , wi th re n e wabl e w e ari n g s trip sa n d squa re guid e surfa c e s .

R a d i a l s l i d e fo r to o l b o x , usua lly o f sam e se c t io n a s N0 . 700 .

R O PE GU I DE S .

708,709

,710 ; i n 709 th e rop e c a n b e th re a d e d w i th out p a ss i n g th e e n d

th rough .

Se ct io n 40 .

— G EAR I N G,VAR I O U S D EV I C ES I N ( n ot

ot he rwise c lasse d ) .

711 . C o n i c a l r o ta to ry ge a r . Ap pl ie d to re ap i n g m a c h i n e s . Se e a lsoPa n Sc re e n , No . 1264.

712 . Tr i a n gula r e c c e n tr i c , us e d to o bta i n a pause o f o n e -th ird r e volut i o n a t e a c h e n d o f t h e s tro ke .

713 . F a c e p la te w o rm ge a r .

14. D o ub le r a c k a n d p i n i o n ge a r .

15 . D oub l e g e a r w h e e ls .


7 0 4 .

9 3

94 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH-B OOK.

716 . E c c e n tr i c ge a r i n g ; th e wh e e l A b e i n g fixe d o n a c ra n k p i n i n th ed rivi n g wh e e l B ,

d r ive s th e d o tte d ge a r a t a sp e e d p rop o rti o n a teto th e d iam e te rs o f th e wh e e ls A a n d th e d rive n wh e e l

717 718. F o rm s o f e p i c y c li c o r p la n e t ge a r . Se ve ral m o d e s o f

d rivi n g th e se m ay b e em p loye d by fix i n g o n e o r o th e r o f th e

th re e w h e e l s , th e o th e r two r e vo lv i n g. Se e Di ffe re n tia l Ge a r,Se c t io n 3 1 .

719 . Multi p le tr am m e l ge a r . Th e p i n io n i s h alf th e d iam e te r o f th e

wh e e l, a n d m ake s two r e vo lut io n s to o n e o f th e wh e e l.

720 . Tr am m e l c r a n k ge a r ; th e c ra n k re vo lve s o n c e to two d oubles trok e s o f th e r o d .

721. Kn igh t’s n o i s e le s s ge a r i n g, fo r tw o sh afts r un n i n g i n o pp o s i te

d ir e c tio n s . E ac h sh aft h a s two e qual c ra n ks a t righ t a n gle s , wh icha r e c oup le d by li n ks to r o ck i n g a rm s , wh i c h a r e a ls o c o up le d i n p a i r s .

722. E c c e n tr i c v a r i ab le sp e e d to o th e d ge a r .

723 . S c r o ll b e v i l ge a r .

724. S e gm e n t r e v e r s i n g ge a r , to ob ta i n two sp e e d s i n p o rtio n s o f o n e

re vo lut io n , a n d i n op po s i te d ir e c t io n s . Se e R e ve r s i n g Ge ar ,Se c ti o n 74.

725 . S n a i l w h e e l , o r sc ro ll ra tc h e t .

726 . C om b i n e d sp ur a n d b e v i l w h e e l .

727. D o ub le s c r e w ge a r , fo r ste e ri n g ge ar, &c .

728. An gul a r b a ll-j o i n te d c r a n k m o ti o n .

729 . C r a n k ge a r i n g b e tw e e n two sh a fts ru n n i n g i n th e sam e d ire c t i o n .

Se e N o . 187. Th e c ra n ks sh ould be s im i la r to No s . 174 o r 175 .

80 . S n a i l w o rm ge a r .

73 1 . D i ago n a l e n gi n e o r p um p , w i th be vi l ge ar re vo lvi n g m o tio n a n d

th re e o r m o re c y li n d e rs .

An gle c oup li n g o n Dr . H o oke’

s p ri n c ip le . Se e No . 292.

73 3 . W o rm a n d c r ow n ge a r . Us e d i n c h aff m a c h i n e s us e ful to ob ta i na slo w fe e d o n two sh afts i n op p o s ite d i r e c ti o n s .



B a ll W h e e l,w i th l im i te d a n gula r tra ve rs e ge a r in g i n to o n e o r two

p in io n s .

S c r o ll a n d r a c k .

V a r i a b le sp e e d ge a r , from a n e llip ti c a l o r o th e r irre gula r-sh ap e dd rivi n g wh e e l , c om b i n e d w i t h a t i e d i d le in te rm e d ia t e wh e e l .

S p r i n g fr i c ti o n gr i p w h e e ls .

I n te rm i tte n t r e v e r s i b le fe e d m o ti o n . Th e p i n i o n i s o f le a th e r,a n d d r ive s th e se gm e n t ti ll i t ru n s ou t o f ge a r ; wh e n th e m a c h i n e is r everse d i ttra ve ls a n e qua l d i s ta n c e th e Op p o s i te way .

Se c t io n 41 .

— G OV ERN I N G AND R EG U LATI N G SP E ED,

POWER,cite .

73 9 . I s a d e v i c e fo r v a r y i n g th e o p e n i n g o f a m a i n v a lv e( c o n n e c te d to ro l A) by th e pre ssur e o n th e sm a ll p i sto n , wh i c h m ove s i t aga i n s tth e te n s io n o f a Sp r i n g .

740,741 , 742 , 743 . Ty p e s o f c e n tr i fuga l go v e r n o r s , o f wh i c h

n um e rous var i e t i e s a r e i n use .

Pump i n g e n gi n e s m ay b e gove r n e d by a llo w i n gr th e p r e s sure o f w a te r i n th e r i si n g m a i n

to a c c um ula te i n a st a n d pip e o r equi val e n t d evi c e u n t il i t sto p s t h e e n g in e by exc e ss o fp r e ssur e . To p re ve n t suc h a n e n gi n e ru n n i n g away a c a tc h i s use d , k e p t o pe n by th e

p re ssur e o f wa te r ; wh e n th e p l e ssur e fa lls be low a c e r ta i n p o i n t th e c a tc h i s re le a sed a n d

c lo se s th e th ro t tle va lve .

S tea m e n qz’

n e s m ay a lso b e sa fegua rd e d i n th e s am e wa v by a c a tc h wh i c h i s r e le a s e d

a n d c lo se s th e th ro t tl e va lve wh e n th e go vern o r be c om e s fully e xp an d e d .

744. S c r ew a n d n u t d e v i c e,to c o n tro l th e t rave l o f a n y m a c h i n e ,

suc h a s a l i ft , by r eve r s i n g th e b e l t o r th ro win g ou t a c a tc h a fte r a n y sp e c ifie d

n um be r o f r e vo lut io n s , th e trave l b e i n g ad juste d by th e stop n uts .

745 . Th e c a ta r a c t i s o n e o f th e o ld e s t go ve r n i n g d e vi c e s . I t c o n s i s ts

e sse n t ia lly o f a ve sse l w h ic h i s fil le d w i th w a te r by o n e s t rok e o f th e e n gi n e , a n d

em p t ie s i tse lf th rough a n a d justable o r ific e d u ri n g th e re tur n s trok e , th e va lvem o tio n be i n g p r e ve n te d from re ve r s i n g t i ll th e wa te r i s a ll d isc ha rge d .

746 . G a s e n gi n e go v e r n o r . Re d A h a s a re c i pro c a t i n g m o t io n fromth e e n gi n e , a n d th e spur o n l e ver B strike s th e e n d o f t h e ga s va l ve sli d e wh e n

brough t i n l i n e w i th i t by th e m o tio n o f t h e go ve r n or , thus sup p ly i n g ga s o n lywh e n th e go ve r n o r fa lls to a c e rta i n p o i n t.

D i ffe re n ti a l Go ve rn o r. Se e N o s . 55 6 a n d 5 57.

Se ct io n 42 .

— H YD RAU L IC MU LTI P LY I N G G EAR .

I s t h e o r d i n a r y“c h a i n a n d sh e a v e

” m ulti p ly i n g ge a r ,un e qual ly ge a re d , thus

Ram e n d . Cyli n d e r e n d .

W i th 1 sh e ave l sh e ave i t i s ge are d 3 t o 1 .

2 2 5 to 1 .

3 3 7 t0 1 ; &c .

I s th e s am e p la n ,but e qua l ly ge are d

Ram e n d . Cyli n d e r e n d .

W i t h 1 sh e ave No sh e a ve s i t i s ge a re d 2 to 1 .

2 1 sh e ave 4 to 1 .

3 2 6 to l ; &o .

A n a r r a n gem e n t o f th e sh e a v e s sui table fo r ve rtic a l w o rk i n g,ge are d 8 to 1 .

An a r r a n gem e n t o f th e sh e av e s sui table fo r ve rtic a l wo rki n g,but ge a re d 6 to 1 .


7 5 5 .


A n a r r a n gem e n t o f th e s h e av e s sui table fo r ve r tic al wo rk i n g,but ge a re d 4 to 1 .

Ste v e n s a n d M aj o r ’s p a te n t fo r h o rizo n tal w o rk i n g. Th e

a n gle o f th e c h a i n h e lp s to supp o rt th e we igh t o f th e r am .

M o d ific a ti o n o f 7 5 2 , som e t im e s use d , a n d sui table fo r bo th

h o ri zo n ta l a n d ve rt ic al p o s i t io n s , w i th a n y re quire d m ultip lic atio no f sp e e d .

R a c k ge a r sh o rt s trok e p i s to n cy li n d e r p la n .

D oub le r o p e v e r ti c a l r am '

ge a r .

Ar r a n gem e n t w i th th e sh e av e s all a t h e ad o f c yli n d e r.

Fo r Te l e sc o p i c Hyd raul ic L i ft , s e e N o s . 1217 6 16 .

Hyd rauli c B alan c e ge a r, No s . 371 , 3 73 .

Se ct io n 43 .

—H OO KS, SWI V E LS, (960.

Fo r Ch a i n s a n d L i n ks , se e Se c tio n 11.

757. D oub le o r m a tc h h o o k .

758 . S p li t li n k . Se e a lso th e c omm o n Ke y R i n g.

75 9 . S e lf-lo c k i n g h o o k , w i th i n c l i n e d sh ould e r a n d p i n .

760 . Th e c om m o n“L ew i s .

”

S e lf-gr i p p i n g c law gr a b . Se e a lso 5 16 , 505.

G r ab buc k e t,o n sam e p ri n c ip le .

764, (it 76 5 . D o ub le S li n k s.

H o o k w i th r o p e gr ip .

S n a p h o o k .

S n a p li n k .

S lip h o o k fo r a m o n ke y o r p i le e n gi n e ; a rop e i s a ttach e d to th e

e y e i n e n d o f l e ve r wh i c h pulls th e lo o p li n k away from th e bo ttom

li n k to wh i c h th e “ m o n ke y i s susp e n d e d , allow i n g i t t o fa ll.


[ 0 0 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

Autom a ti c s lip h o o k ; sli ps th e T e n d o f th e “m o n ke y

”by th e

c urve d a rm s s trik i n g th e s i d e s o f a fixe d s top h ole .

D r aw b a r h o o k , s e lf-l o c ki n g.

F i x e d b a r h o o k , w i th s n ap .

S li p h o o k .

H o o k,w i th m o us i n g ri n g sli p h o ok .

C r a n e h o o k ,w ith swive l .

D o ub le sw i v e l li n k s , i n se rt e d i n a c h a i n to take o ut th e twi s t.

T r i a n gu la r li n k ,to a tta c h two c h a i n s t o o n e .

S a fe ty li n k . H a s a fla t o n li n k to slip i n n o tc h c f h o ok .

S li n k .

S p li t li n k .

B o lt sh a c k le .

D o ub le li n k a n d b o lt c o n n e c ti o n fo r o rd i n ary c h a i n .

Pi n sh a c k le .

Se ct io n 44.

—I N D I CATI N G SP E EDS, &c .

l

i 84 785 . H a n d (p o r ta b le ) i n d i c a to r , to i n d i c a te sp e e d o f re vo lut io no f a sh a f t , &c .

, by s im p le w h e e l wo rk a n d d ia l p la te .

786 . G o v e r n o r gauge , i n d i c a te s th e sp e e d by th e a n gl e o f th e ballsm o vi n g a fin ge r o n a ve rti c a l s c a le .

787. S te am e n gi n e i n d i c a to r , o f wh i c h th e re a r e m a n y vari e ti e s .

Ma c n augh t’

s, R i c h ard s ’, Da i k e

’

s,

’

Kra ft ’s, Ca sar te ll i

’

s , &c ., a r e

e xam p l e s , m wh i c h a sm a l l s te am p i s to n o p e ra te s a m a rki n g p o i n tby th e va ry i n g p re s sure o f s te am a c t i n g aga i n s t a sp ri n g ; th ep ap e r i s u sua l ly c o i l e d o n a c yl i n d e r h avi n g a re c ip ro c a ti n gm o t i o n by a s tri n g from th e e n gi n e .

788. M o r i n’s d y n am om e te r . C o n s i s ts o f two be lt pulle y s c o n n e c te d

by a Sp ri n g ; o n e re c e ive s th e s tra i n o f d ri vi n g be l t , a n d th e o th e rtra n sm i ts i t , th e Sp ri n g i n d ic a t i n g th e t e n s io n o n th e b e lts .

789 . R e gn i e r’s d y n am om e te r i n d ic a te s th e t e n s io n o n th e con n e c tio n s

by c o n tra c t io n o f th e sp ri n g op e ra t i n g a d ia l p la te .

790. B o ur d o n tub e p r e s su r e i n d i c a to r . Th e tub e i s o f fla t s e c ti o n ,

a n d i t s c urve d p o rti o n e xp a n d s w i th th e p r e ssure , op e ra ti n g a fin ge ro n th e d ia l by ra c kwo rk .

791. W o rm ge a r a n d d i a l to re gis te r th e n um be r o f re vo lut i o n s . Se e

N o . 15 59 .

O th e r fo rm s o f p r e ss ui e gauge s a r e— 1 s t . Th e m e rc uria l g tuge , i nwh i c h th e p re s sur e i s i n d i c a te d by th e h e igh t o f a c o lum n o f

m e r c u i y i n a gla s s tub e . 2 n d . Th e wa te 1 ga uge , i n wh i c h a

c o lum n o f wa te r re p l a c e s th e m e 1 c ury . 3 r d . Th e sp 1 i n g bala n c e(s e e No . Se e a lso N o s . 173 0 , 1728 .


7 7 5

78 3 7 8 4

78 8

1 0 1


793 . W i n d i n g e n gi n e s a r e p ro v id e d w i th i n d ic a to rs o n th e pri n

c ip l e o f N o 744. Th e trave ll i n g n ut h a s a p o i n te r wh o s e p o s i ti o no n a ve rti c a l grad ua te d s c al e sh o ws th e p o s i t i o n o f th e c age i n th e

p i t .

V e rti c a l s c a le i n d i c a to rs a r e a lso em p lo ye d to sh ow th e le ve l o fw a te r i n ta n ks , re s e rvo i rs , &0 . Se e N o . 173 0 .

Wa te r tube i n d i c a to rs a r e e m p l o y e d to sh o w th e le ve l o f w a te r i nbo i l e rs , &c . , a s a l s o gauge c o cks fixe d a t va ri ous h e igh t s 1 n th e

bo i le r .

Se ct io n 45 .— JETS

,N OZZLES

,AND I NJECTO RS.

794. S tr a igh t j e t , fo r lo n g d i sta n c e s.795 . Sh o rt j e t .

79 6 . R o s e j e t , fo r sp re a d i n g.

797 . Fa n je t , o r s pre a d e r.798 . B la s t tuy e r e .

799 . Sm i th ’s tuy e r e a n d w a te r b o sh .

800 . Je t a sp i r a to r , fo r i n d uc i n g a m ixe d c urre n t o f a i r a n d wa te r o r

s te am .

801 . Ste am j e t p um p th e s te am e n te rs by th e c e n tra l je t a n d c aus e s a

va cuum,i n to wh i c h th e w a te r ri s e s by th e bra n c h p ip e .

802 . I n su ffla t o r fo r s t e am a n d a i r bla s t ; us e d a l so a s a p e tro le umi n j e c to r

,&c .

803 805 . S p r a y j e ts ; th e l iquid r is e s by g1 av i ty a t th e sm a l l ve rt i c a ln o zzle s

,a n d i s d rive n i n a Sp ray o r m i s t by a c ro s s bla s t o f a i r

fro m th e h o rizo n ta l j e ts .

804. I n j e c to r . Th e va r ie ti e s o f th i s c o n triva n c e a r e to o n um e ro us toSpe c i fy . Se e n Gr ah am

’

s, G i ffo rd

’

s , H a l l’

s,H a n c o c k

’

s , a n d o th e rs i nc omm o n us e .

806 . Pla i n o r s p r e a d i n g j e t . Th e e igh t va n e s c a n b e push e d i n to th e

j e t o f wa te r to c ut 1t up by m o vi n g th e s l i d i n g ri n g.

807. V e n ti la ti n g je t o r a sp i r a to r , w i th se ve ra l la te ra l op e n i n gs fo r

i n d uc i n g a c urre n t .

Je t c o n d e n s e r s . Se e Se c ti o n 25 .

Se ct io n 46 .

— JO U RNALS, BEAR I N GS, P I VOTS, (t o .

Se e al so Se c t i o n 70 .

Pla i n o r s o li d p e d e s ta l .H a lf b e a r i n g, s om e tim e s us e d w i th o ut a c o tte r .H a lf bush e d b e a r i n g, h a vi n g a h a lf bra ss o n th e lo we r s id e o n ly .

C h am b e r e d lo n g b e a r i n g.

Th e o r d i n a r y d o ub le b r a s s e d p e d e sta l o r p lum m e r blo ck ;s om e t im e s m a d e w i th th e c a p a n d jo i n t o f bra ss e s a t a n a n gle o f

45°

wh e n th e sh a ft i s subj e c t to h o ri zo n ta l th rust . Num erousm o d ific a t io n s o f th i s h e a r i n g e xi s t .

S lo t b e a r i n g fo r ri s i n g a n d falli n g Sp i n d le .


1 0 4 THE ENGINEER S SKE TCH-B OOK.

814 815 . E n d th r u st b e a r i n gs .

81 6 . S li d i n g b e a r i n g, w i th ve rt ic a l o r h o r izo n ta l trave rse .

8 17. D o ub le V b e a r i n g to a c c omm o d ate d i ffe re n t s ize s o f sh afts .

818. V e r ti c a l sh a ft fo o ts te p .

81 9 . V e r ti c a l p i v o t.

820 . H o r i zo n ta l p iv o t a n d s e t s c re w th e s c r e w sh ould h ave a lo ck n ut

to p re ve n t i t be i n g wo rke d ba c k by th e m o t io n o f th e sp i n d le .

821 . C o n i c a l n e c k,usually w i th s tee l bush .

822. Sp h e r i c a l fo o ts te p , to a llow th e sh aft to sway out o f th e p e r

p e n d i c ular .

823 . H o r i zo n ta l b e a r i n g, allow i n g th e sh af t to run o ut o f li n e .

824. B a la n c e d b e a r i n g, t o be a r th e we i gh t o f a li gh t sh aft , a n d p lac e dbe twe e n th e fixe d be ari n gs .

825 . S e lf-a d jus ti n g b e a r i n g fo r l i n e sh afts , w i th ba ll a n d s o ck e t

m o vem e n t.

826 . B a ll a n d s o c k e t b e a r i n g fo r ve rti c a l sp i n d le , a llow i n g c o n

s id e r able va ria tio n from a righ t l in e .

827. H o r i zo n ta l th ru s t b e a r i n g, w i th m ulti p le fla n ge s a n d d oublebra s se s , e a c h c ap able o f s e p ara te a djus tm e n t ; us e d fo r s c rew sh a fts

i n s t e am -sh ip s .

828 . A fo rm o f p e d e sta l , w i th th e c ap p ro vi d e d w i th e n d joggle s top re ve n t lo o se n e s s .

Trun n i o n b e a r i n g, fo r o sc illa ti n g c yli n d e rs , &c . Th e s te am i s

c o n ve y e d th ro ugh th e be ari n g, wh i c h h a s a s tuffi n g box a n d gla n dt o p re ve n t l e akage .

830 832 . Sw i n gi n g sup p o r t fo r a sh aft,h avi n g a slid i n g be vi l ge a r

o r o th e r mo ti o n up o n i t wh i c h h a s to p a ss th e sw i n gi n g supp o 1 t ;

us e d fo r la th e slid i n g ge tr , o v e r h ( ad t 1 av e l le r s , &c .

83 1 . B a ll a n d s o c k e t c e n tr e fo r c a r b ogie s , &c .

83 3 . Pe d e sta l W i th s i d e a d jus tm e n t fo r th e bra sse s by tap e r ke y sa n d s c r e w a djus tm e n ts .

B e a ri n gs run n i n g un d e r wa te r a r e ge n e rally li n e d w i th s trip s o f

lign um vi tae a n d re quire n o lubri c a n t .Se -c al le d se l f-lubri c a to r b e ari n gs a r e i n use , li n e d wi th s trip s o f

p a te n t c om p o s i tio n m e ta l.

THE EN GI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK . 1 0 5

1 0 6 THE ENGINEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

834. C e n tr e b e a r i n g, w i th a n n ular gr ip , fo r a h e avy c e n tre p i e c e o r c ar

bogie .

83 5. C e n tr e b e a r i n g, w i th allowa n c e fo r som e am oun t o f o s c illa ti o n .

C o up le d b e a r i n gs . No . 671 .

Sect io n 47.—P LATE WO RK.

83 6 . S i n gle r iv e te d l ap j o i n t.

837. D o ub le r iv e te d l a p jo i n t.

83 8. S i n gle r iv e te d butt j o i n t .

83 9. D oub le butt j o i n t.

840. T-i r o n butt jo i n t.

841, 842 , 843 , 844. An gle o r e d ge s e am s .

845 . Tr a n sv e r s e tubula r s e am .

846 , 847, 848. R e d uc i n g r i n g s e am s .

849 , 850 , 851 , 852. B o ttom s e am s roun d wate r sp ac e s , fir e-boxe s , &c .

853 . E xp a n s i o n h o o p j o i n t i n bo i le r fiue s , &c .

854 855. F i r e -b o x sta y s .

856 . Gus s e t s tay fo r fla t e n d s .

Flat ba r , tube , a n d r oun d iro n stays a r e also muc h use d to s tay fla t

surfa c e s i n bo i le rs a n d ta n k s .

I n h ous eh o ld bo i le rs i t i s usua l to we ld all th e s e am s , thus avo id i n gL iro n a n d o th e r rive te d w o rk . Se e No s . 89 to 96 .

Flue tub e s i n bo i le rs a r e s tay e d a l so by c ro s s tube s i n se rte d a t

i n te rvals , suc h a s Ga lloway’

s p a te n t c o n i c al c ro ss tube s .


I 0 8 THE EN GINEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

857 858 . C o v e r p la te s to c arry te n s i le s tra i n s o ve r jo i n ts i n p la t e s ,L i ro n s , &c .

859 , 8 60 , 86 1 , 8 62 , 86 3 . V a r i ous fo rm s o f j o i n ts em pl oy e d i n p la tei ro n s truc ture s , boxe s , tan ks , &c . ,

n o t subje c t to m uc h s tr a i n .

863 i s a d o ve ta ile d jo i n t.

864. T o r L i r o n s trut e n d j o i n t .

Jun c ti o n o f fla t bar a n d d iago n al T o r L i r o n .

Gus s e t p la te j o i n t fo r d iago n a l ti e s a n d struts .

M o d e o f j o i n ti n g bo i le r p late c o r n e r s by tap e ri n g th e c o r n e r s

th e p la te s .

An o th e r fo rm o f a n gle jo i n t .

Sect io n 48 .— LEV E RS.

Le ve rs ar e o f th re e o rd e rs ( s e e Se c ti o n Th e fulc rum o r ro c ki n gc e n tre m ay be a t e i th e r e n d o r a t s om e i n te rm e d ia te p o i n t . I n

p ra c ti c e th e fulc ra a r e usua lly sh afts o r p i n s ( s e c Se c tio n s 76

a n d a n d th e fo llow i n g ar e th e typ i c al fo rm s i n us e .

86 9 , 870 , 871 , 872 . E le v a ti o n a n d p la n s o f p la i n le v e r s , w ithe n d bo ss e s fo r r e d a tta chm e n ts .

873 . Pla n o f p la i n le v e r,w i th fo rke d e n d .

874 875 . B e ll c r a n k le v e r s , w i th p la i n o r fo rke d e n d s .

876 . T o r d o ub le c r a n k e d le v e r .

877. F o rk e d e n d,o ff-s e t.

878 . Fi s h b e l l i e d le v e r o f th e 2md o rd e r .

879 . B a l a n c e w e igh t le v e r .

8 5 8

8 6 5 .

8 7 0 .

8 7 8 .

l’

HE ENG INEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

8 5 7 .

8 5 9 .

8 6 2 .

8 6 6 .

8 74 .

8 7 9 .

8 7 5 .

1 0 9

8 6 5 .

1 1 0 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

880 . H a n d le v e r,w i th roun d h a n d le

881 . H a n d le v e r , w i th flat h a n d le .

882 . A n o th e r fo rm o f r o un d h a n d le s om etim e s use d .

883 . C r a n k h a n d le .

884. S ta r ti n g le v e r , w i th sp ri n g c atch .

885 . An o th e r p a tte r n o f d i tto .

886 . S im i la r le v e r , w i th s id e o r c ra n k h a n d le s .

887. Fo o t l e v e r .

888 . Fo o t tr e a d l e fr am e .

889 . W r i st p la te o r T le v e r .

890 . H a n d l e v e r , adjus tabl e a s to le n gth by m e a n s o f a s lo t a n d lo c k i n gbo lt . Fo r th i s purp o se a pl a i n roun d r o d p a sse d th rough a c e n tra lso c k e t a n d fixe d a t a n y ra d ia l le n gth by a s e t s c rew ,

i s o fte n us e d

o r th e h a n d r o d m ay be c ra n k e d a s No . 1784.

891 . D o ub le h a n d le v e r .

892 . L e v e r , fo rm e d o f two w rough t i ro n o r s te e l p late s a n d d i sta n c e

p i e c e s .

893 894. R o c k i n g l e v e r s , w i th s li d i n g sw i ve l jo i n ts .

895 . F o r k e d le v e r , to Sp a n a c e n tral be ari n g.

896 . H a n d le v e r , s im p le p a tte rn ; w re n ch o r sp a n n e r .

897. H e a d e d le v e r , fo r va lve r o d a n d oth e r m o vem e n ts . Se e

to 152 .

Se e a lso Se c ti o n 97.

Se ct io n 49 .

— LOOK I N G D EV I C ES.

898 . C om m o n s li d i n g b o lt .


I I 2 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH-B OOK.

899 . C om m o n la tc h .

900. C am lo c k i n g b o lt ; l o ck s th e b o l t wh e n e i th e r i n o r out , s o th at i t

c a n o n ly be m ove d by th e c am sp in d le .

901 . C r a n k m o v e m e n t lo c k i n g b o lt, s im i lar to th e la st .

902 . B o lt o f c om m o n lo c k .

903 . D i s c a n d p i n .

904. S i d e p aw l.

905 . L o c k i n g p aw l .

Fo r Paw l a n d Ra tch e t Ge ar s e e Se c ti o n 62.

906 . Sp r i n g c a tc h ,w i th roun d e n d wh i c h s l i p s p ast th e so cke t i f suffic i e n t

fo rc e i s app lie d , use d fo r swi n g d o or s , &c .

907. An o th e r fo rm ,b e vi lle d o n o n e s i d e .

908. H o o k la tc h .

909 9 10. H a sp a n d s tap le .

911 . C r o s sb a r a n d h o o k s .

9 12 . H a n d s e t s c r ew .

9 13 . D r o p c a tc h fo r turn table &c .

TH E ENGINEER S SKE TCH-B OOK.

8 9 9 .

9 0 0 .

9 0 5 9 0 4 .

9 0 6 .

9 0 8 . 8 0 9 .

[ 1


914. Tu r n i n g o r tw i s ti n g b o lt.

915 . R o p e o r r o d sto p p e r , w i th c am le ver grip . Se e No . 47.

9 16 . C h a i n s to p .

917 9 18 . Sp i n d le gr i p s , to lo ck a sli d i n g o r re vo lvi n g Sp i n d le i n a

be ari n g o r bush .

919 . C lam p a n d s c r ew .

920 . S l i d i n g s h a ft lo c k i n g p i n ; use d fo r lath e h e ad sto ck bac k-ge arsh a fts , &c .

921 . L e v e r lo c k i n g h o o k ; th e l e ve r i s h i n ge d so th a t i t c a n be s lipp e do ve r th e h o ok .

922 . B ow c a tc h fo r l ad i e s , Skip s , &c .

923 . S e gm e n t-s lo t a n d b o lt fix i n g fo r sw i ve lli n g bas e .

924. Pi n lo c k fo r turn table o r d i sc .

925 . T c a tc h .

926 . R o lle r a n d i n c li n e s lo t fo r l o oki n g a r o d o r rop e .

927. R e v o lv i n g bush lo c k fo r c atc h r e d ; th e c a tc h r o d c a n o n ly slipth rough th e bush wh e n th e la tte r i s i n o n e p o s i ti o n (s e e p la n vi e w ).

928 . W i r e fe n c i n g n o tc h e s i n L o r i ro n .

929 . Tr a p d o o r autom a ti c c a tc h .

9 3 0. S c r ew a n d b r i d le sus p e n s i o n ,fo r blast p ip e s , &c .

9 3 1 . D r o p lo o p fa s t e n i n g fo r a d o o r .

93 2. Sp r i n g s tud lo c k .


I I 6 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

D i s c a n d r a d i a l s lo t ; th e r o d c a n h e s lipp e d o ut s id e way s w h e n

th e d isc i s turn e d s o a s to bri n g th e s lo ts toge th e r.

R a d i a l h i n ge d le v e r a n d c r ow n r a tc h e t.

L o c k i n g b a r to fix a le ve r i n a n y p o s i t io n .

Paw l fo r lo c k i n g s li d i n g sh a ft,us ed fo r w i n c h e s , (t o h avi n g

d ouble a n d s i n gle purc h a se ge ar o r sh i fti n g c lutc h e s .

F a s te n i n g e y e b o lt fo r a h i n ge d c o ve r ; th e b o lt i s a l so h i n ge d ,

a n d c a n be turn e d d ow n o ut o f th e w ay . Se e a lso No . 193 0.

C r a n k a rm d e v i c e , to lo ok a valve o r le ve r i n two p o s it io n s . Se e

a lso N o . 16 .

Gu n ,b r e e c h -lo a d i n g, slid i n g c yli n d ri c a l blo ck lo ck e d by turn i n g

th e arm i n to a n o tch .

D o o r fa s te n i n g s ta p le a n d c o tte r .

C om m o n c o tte r .

H a lf n ut lo c k i n g a n d un lo c k i n g d e v i c e,us e d fo r la th e

le ad i n g s c rews ; th e h alf n uts a r e m o v e d s im ulta n e ously i n opp o s ited ire c t io n s by c am s o n th e le ve r Sp i n d le .

Sw i n gi n g c a tc h to se c ure e n d o f a d ro p ba r .

To o l p o st, to sw ive l a n d lo ck i n a n y p o s i t io n . Se e a ls o No . 493 .

L o c k i n g s c r ew,to lo ck th e h an d wh e e l a n d spur p i n i o n to th e

sh aft wh e n re quire d to be d rive n by i t .

Se e also L o ck Nuts . Th e c omm o n var i etie s o f le ve r lo oks wi th

s te pp e d ke y-w a rd s .

Se e No . 1723 .

Se ct io n 50 . H I N G ES AND JO I NTS.

946 . Th e c om m o n d o ub le -le a f h i n ge .

947. R i s i n g h i n ge , to c ause th e d o o r to li ft s ligh tly as i t Op e n s , i t w i llth e n c lo se o f i tse l f w i th out a sp ri n g.

948. Cup a n d b a ll h i n ge .

THE EN GI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK. 1 1 7

9 5 3 .

9 5 8 .

9 4 0 .

I I 8 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH-B OOK.

949 950. Pi n tle h i n ge s .

951 952 . Pa r c h m e n t o r le a th e r b i n gi n g fo r w o o d m o vem e n ts .

95 3 . D o v e ta i l j o i n t,us e d o n i ro n be d s te ad s , &c . ; th e c irc ular d o ve ta i l

i s s l igh tly tap e re d a n d fitte d tigh t .

954. H i n ge fo r a d o o r,re quire d to lay fla t aga i n st th e wall a t e i th e r

s i d e wh e n op e n .

955 . H i n ge p i n fo r ro ck i n g lev e rs o n a k n i fe e dge .

956 . D o o r sp r i n g h i n ge , to re turn th e d o o r a lways t o i ts c e n tra l

p o si t i o n ; th e c am s p re ss aga i n st a r o lle r a ttac h e d to th e sp ri n gs .

9 57. An o th e r m e th o d,w i th te n s io n sp ri n gs .

9 58 . R o c k i n g b e a r i n g o r k n i fe e d ge , use d fo r we i gh i n g m ac h i n e s , &c .

959 . Kn uc k l e j o i n t, h alve d toge th e r ; th e bo lt s e cure s th e two p artstoge th e r.

9 60 . D o o r sp r i n g h i n ge w i th Op e n sp ri n gs a n d toggle m ovem e n t.

9 6 1. G a te h i n ge s , w i th d ouble p i n tle a t bo ttom to c ause th e ga te to

r e turn t o th e c e n tra l p o s i tio n w i th out sp ri n gs .

962. L i n k h i n ge , for a gri d o r trap d oo r, to a llow i t to l ie fiat wh e nop e n e d .

96 3 . B a y o n e t j o i n t. A c omm o n d e vi c e .

9 64. D o ub le s c a r fe d a n d jo ggle d j o i n t, fo r pum p , ro d s , &c .,wi th

fe rrule s a n d k eys t o t igh te n up .

9 65 . U n i v e r s a l j o i n t . Se e Dr . H o oke’

s Jo i n t, No s . 3 3 a n d 34.

9 6 6 . Kn uc k le j o i n te d le v e r s .


1 2 0 THE ENGI NE ER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

967. Th e c om m o n m a le a n d fem a le o r n i p p l e a n d s o c k e t r o d

j o i n t.968 . M u lti p le h i n ge s , w i th o n e c e n tre be l t , fo r l o n g o r h e avy d o o rs .

969 . S c a r fe d r o d o r b a r jo i n t .

970. An o th e r fo rm o f h i n ge , to e ffe c t th e sam e o bj e c t a s N o . 954.

Se e a lso Sw ive l Jo i n ts , N0 8 . 893 a n d 894. Se c ti o n s 49 , 4, a n d 48 .

Se c t io n 5 l .— LUBRIOATORS.

I d o n o t p rop o se to a ttem p t to i llus tra te th e va s t tribe o f “

gre a se rs o f

al l k i n d s . Th e y would e a s i ly fill a m o d e ra te vo lum e , but sc arc e lyr e p ay th e re a d e r fo r p e rusa l . I Sh a ll c o n te n t m y s e lf h e re a s e lsewh e re by i n d i c at i n g th e typ e s o f m o st i n te re st a n d im p o rta n c e toth e m a ch i n e d raugh tsm a n .

Be s i d e s th e s im p le c up o r e n l a rge d o i l h o le,o il box, a n d gre a se c up , th e

fo llow i n g a r e th e m o s t c omm o n ly em p loy e d971 . O i l p a n fo r ge ari n g, w o rm s

,wh e e ls , &e .

972 . R e v o lv i n g w i r e lub r i c a to r ; c arri e s a d rop o f o il o n to th e sh aft

a t e a ch re vo lutio n .

973 . R o lle r a n d p a n lub r i c a to r . Ca n be em p loy e d also fo r gum ,

paste , p a i n t, &c .

974. S c r ew r am lub r i c a to r , to fo rc e lubri c an t i n to a c y li n d e r o r p ip e

aga i n st p re ssure , w i th n o n -re tur n va lve .

975 . T e l e SCO p i c tub e lub r i c a ti n g d e v i c e , fo r re c ip ro c at i n g o r

re vo lvi n g jo i n ts , suc h a s c ra n k p i n s .

976 . An o th e r tubula r d e v i c e fo r c ra n k p i n s ; a h o llow c up o n e n d o f

a tube s ta n d s o p p o s i te th e c e n tre o f th e sh a ft , a n d c an be fe d wi th

o il wh i l e re vo lvi n g, th e o i l run n i n g d ow n th e tube d ur in g th e low e rh alf re vo lut io n

977. S tauffe r ’s lub r l c a t o r fo r th i ck o i l , wh i ch i s fo rc e d i n by s c rew i n gd ow n th e c ap .

978 . S h a ft b e a r i n g lub r i c a to r by th e c ap i lla ry a c tio n o f p i e c e s o f

c an e , th e low e r e n d s o f wh i c h d ip i n to th e o i l c i ste rn .

979 . E n d le s s s tr i n g lub r i c a to r .

980 . S i n gle c o c k lub r i c a to r , w i th sc re we d c ap fo r filli n g.

981 . D oub le c o c k lub r i c a to r .

982. H o llow p lug c o c k .

Th e la s t th re e a r e use d to fe e d o i l aga i n st s te am p re ssure .

983 . L i e uv a i n ’s n e e d l e lub r i c a to r . A lo o se w i re ( o n e e n d o f wh i ch

touc h e s th e re vo lvi n g sh aft a n d th e o th e r i s i n th e o i l) ; ke e p s th eo il flowi n g a s lo n g a s th e sh aft i s run n i n g.

984. Th e p r e s su r e o f s te am e n te r s th e c up a b o v e th e o i l,

wh i c h i s fe d th rough a n a djustable sm a l l va lve a t bo t tom .

9 85 . Plun ge r o r r am a n d c y li n d e r lub r i c a to r , w i th rat c h e t fe e dw o rke d from som e re c ip ro c ati n g p art o f e n gi n e .

Lubri c a t i n g o r i n k i n g ro lle rs to e ve n ly c ove r a fla t surfa c e a r e

p la c e d a t a n a n gle o f abou t 10°to th e d i re c tio n o f m o ti o n o f th e

surfa c e to b e lubri c a te d o r i n ke d .

L a rge e n gi n e s a r e fitte d w i th a n o i l re s e rvo i r, a n d p ip e s a r e l e d to

a l l j o i n ts,be ari n gs , &c . ,

w i th sm all c o ck s fo r re gula ti o n .

THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK. I 2 I

9 6 8 .

9 6 9

9 8 2 .

1 2 2 THE ENGI NEERS SKE TCH -B OOK.

Se ct io n 52 .

— LEV E LL I N G AND P LUMBI N G .

Th e c omm o n Sp iri t l eve l a n d p lumbl i n e a r e o rd i n ari ly em p loy e d , a s a lsoth e surve yo r

’

s te le s c o p e a n d sp i ri t le ve l o r D um py .

”

986 . G r a v i ta ti o n le v e l .9 87. Plum b li n e a n d squa r e .

988 . W a te r tub e le v e l ; th e tub e m ay be c arri e d a lo n g d i s tan c e a n d

roun d c o rn ers , &c .,i n a n y d ire c t io n be lo w th e wa te r le ve l.

989 . Sp i r i t le v e l; p lum b i n g s qu a r e .

Se ct io n 53 .

-MEOHANIGAL POWERS. AP P L IANC ES TO

VARY POWE R AND SP E E D .

990 . L e v e r o f“

t h e l s t o r d e r

991 . L e v e r o i”

t h e 2 n d o r d e r Se e App li c a ti o n s , Se c t io n 48 .

9 92 . L e v e r o f th e 3 r d o r d e r9

993 . W h e e l . a n d a x le p o we r ga i n e d a n d sp e e d re d uc e d i n p rop ortio nto th e d iam e te rs o f th e tw o sh e ave s .

994. R e tur n b lo c k ; p o w e r m ul t ip l i e d 2 to 1 .

9 95 . Tw o d o ub l e s h e a v e b lo c k s ; p owe r m ult ip li e d 4 to 1.996 . F our s i n gle b lo c k s ; p o w e r sam e a s N o . 995 .

997. Th r e e r e tur n b lo c k s p ow e r m ul t ip l i e d 8 to 1 .

Se e App l i c a t io n s , Se c t i o n 42 .

Th e i n c l i n e d p la n e i s s im p ly a m o d ific a t io n o f th e for c e o f gravi ty ,wh i c h a c ts ve rti c a lly .

Th e w e d ge . Se e Se c ti o n 3 7.

Th e s c r ew i s s imp ly a c i rc ula r i n c li n e d p la n e . Se e Se c tio n 78.

Se e a ls o Ge a ri n g , Se c ti o n s 40 a n d 84.

Se c t io n 54.

— MIXI N G AND INGORPORATING.

Kn e a d i n g m i ll , w i th Sp i ra l va n e s .

Pug m i ll , w i th r ad ia l sp i ra l p a d d l e s r e v o lv i n g i n si d e a c o n i c a l c a se .

Pug m i ll , w i th Sp ira l p ad d le s .

Pa n m ix e r . A c y li n dr i c a l c a s e o r p an wi th a se t o f arm s re vo lv i n gwi th th e c e n tra l sh aft .

E gg b e a te r o r m ix i n g m a c h i n e . Two se ts o f Op e n rad ia lfram e s re vo lve i n o p p o s i te d i re c ti o n s , th e fram e s be i n g sh ap e d to

p as s th rough e a ch o th e r,a n d a r e d ri ve n by m i tre ge ar d ri vi n g a

sh aft a n d sle e ve .

D i ago n a l m ix i n g b a r r e l, w i th r e vo lvi n g a n d fixe d va n e s .

C o n i c a l m i x i n g b a r r e l o f s im i lar c o n struc t io n .

D i ago n a l m ix i n g p a n ,use d for c o n fe c tio n e ry , &c .


1 24 THE ENGI NEERS SKE TCH -B OOK.

1006 . M i x e r , w i th tw o p a irs o f a rm s run n i n g i n o pp o si te d ire c t io n s .

Se e Cro ss s e c ti o n .

1007. A m o d ific a t i o n o f t h e la s t ; th e c e n tre s o f th e arm s b e i n g aboveo n e a n o th e r s o th a t th e a rm s p a s s e a c h o th e r i n re vo lvi n g.

H o r i zo n ta l tab le m i x i n g m a c h i n e . Th e s tuff w o rk s i ts w ayfrom th e c e n tre to th e e d ge o f th e ta ble by c e n tri fuga l fo rc e .

Se e a l so N o . 6 0 . An d e rso n ’

s p a te n t em p l oy s th i s p la n to c o n

t i n uously d i stribute purifyi n g m a te ri a l th rough w a te r w i th

wh i c h th e re vo lv i n g d rum 1 s c h a rge d .

Se e Se c ti o n 1 3 . Crush i n g , gri n d i n g, 35 0 .

Se ct io n 55 .

—PARALLE L MOTI O N S.

Purp o se : to m a i n ta i n re ctili n e a r m o t i o n o f a r o d o r e quivale n t d e ta i lc oup le d to a le ve r w i th out e m p lo y i n g gui d e bar s .

1009 . W a tt’s p a r a ll e l m o ti o n fo r a be am e n gi n e .

1010 . B a c k a n d s e gm e n t m o ti o n .

1011 . E p i c y c lo i d a l p a r a lle l m o ti o n . Th e p i n i o n i s o n e -h alf th e

d i am e te r o f th e wh e e l a t th e p i t ch li n e s , a n d th e gud ge o n i s fixe dup o n th e p i tc h li n e o f th e p i n io n .

1012 . Pe au c e l l i e r’s p a r a ll e l m o ti o n . A i s a fixe d c e n tre

, 8 ( fo r

p a r a lle l m o ti o n ) m us t b e o n e -h a lf way to 0 ; p owe r i s a pp l i e d to

C ; D p ara l le l c e n t1 e gud ge o n .

1013 . B e am ,w i t h ro ck i n g fulc rum . A A a r e e qual , a s a lso 8 B .

1014. S i n gle r a d iu s b a r a n d l i n k ; th e rad ius bar to be sam e le n gtha s th e h alf b e am a n d th e li n k h i n ge d o n i ts c e n tre .

1015 . Al l t h e r a d ius b a r s t o b e o f s am e l e n gth a s th e h alf b e am .

1016 . Tw o e qua l r a d ius b a r s c o n n e c te d by a li n k , th e m a in gud ge o n

i n i t s c e n tre .

1017. B e am o f th e 2 n d o r d e r w i th ro ck i n g fulc rum , A a n d A be i n ge quaL

10 18 . S e c to r a n d r a c k m o ti o n .

Se e a lso N o . 714.

Se ct io n 5 6 .

— P UMP I NG AND RAI S I N G WATER .

Som e o f th e m o s t p rim i t ive m e th o d s a r e s ti ll i n us e,a n d m ay p o ss ibly still

b e foun d o f s e rvi c e i n p art i c ula r c a s e s .

1019 . S c o o p w h e e l .1020 . D ip p i n g tr ough .

1021 . E n d le s s c h a i n o f buc k e ts .

1022 . Ar c h im e d e a n s c r ew ; a Sp ira l p ip e s e rve s th e sam e purp o s e a s

th e w o rm re vo lvi n g i n a cy li n d r ic a l c a se .

10 0 6

IO IS .


10 0 7 .

lo 0 8 .

10 19 .

10 0 9 .

i 0 '3 0

1 2 6 THE ENGI NE E R S SKE TCH -B OOK.

1023 . C h a i n p um p ,fre que n tly use d s ti ll. Th e lowe r le n gth o f p ip e

sh ould b e bo re d to fit th e buc ke ts o n c h a i n ; th e re s t o f th e p ip e

m ay b e a l i ttle large r i n d iam e t e r a n d n o t bo re d .

1024. L i fti n g w h e e l fo r ra i s i n g wa te r.Th e fo llow i n g four e xam p le s ar e m a c h i n e s fo r ra i si n g wa te r to an y h e igh t by

em p loyi n g a fall o f wa te r o f c om p a ra ti v e low p re s sure1025 . Hyd r auli c r am . A stre am o f wa t e r run s d o wn th e i n c li n e p i p e

a n d flows away a t th e ball valv e wh e n i ts sp e e d re a ch e s a c e rta i np o i n t i t sud d e n ly c lo se s th e ba l l va lve , a n d th e sh o ck o p e n s

th e d e liv e ry valve , w a te r flows i n to th e a i r ve sse l t i l l th e p ow e ro f th e s tre am i s c h e c k e d , wh e n th e d e live ry va lve c lo s e s , th eball d rop s , a n d th e a c ti o n i s re p e a te d .

1026. Th e R o b i n e t. Di re c t-a c tio n wa te r p re ssure s e lf-ac ti n g pum p ;

p e rfo rm s th e sam e wo rk as th e h yd raul i c r am,th a t i s by us i n g a

low fa ll a n d la rge qua n t i ty o f wa te r i t ra i s e s a sm a lle r qua n t i tyt o a gre ate r h e igh t , th e low -

p re ssur e wa t e r a c ti n g o n th e l arged ouble -a c ti n g p i s to n . Th e va lve i s r e ve rse d by th e m o t i o n o f th e

e n gi n e .

1027. H y d r auli c p um p i n g e n gi n e . A m o d ific a ti o n o f th e Robi n e t

A i s th e d rivi n g c y l i n d e r, 8 th e pum p . Th e m a i n s li d e valve i sw o rk e d by tw o p i s to n s , a n d th e p re ssure wa te r d i s tri bute d by a n

auxil i ary four-way c o ok o r sm a l l sl id e val ve , c o n n e c te d to a s to pr o d fr om th e m ai n c ro s sh e a d . Se e a lso No . 1741 . So c Se c . 93 .

1028. W a te r w h e e l a n d p um p .

1029 . S i n gle -a c ti n g buc k e t o r suc ti o n p um p .

103 0 . S i n gle -a c ti n g r am fo r c e p um p . Som e tim e s a n o p e n t0 pc y li n d e r a n d p i s to n a r e use d i n s te ad o f a r am

,a s No . 1029 .

103 1 . D o ub le -a c ti n g r am a n d p i s to n p um p . Fo rc e s o n b o th

s trok e s suck s o n ly o n th e up s tro ke .

1032 . D o ub le -a c ti n g p lun ge r o r r am p um p , e xte rn ally pa c ke d ; a

favouri te a rra n gem e n t .

103 3 . D o ub le -a c ti n g p i s to n p um p , four valve s . Th i s i s o f c ours e a

typ e o f a ve ry gre a t vari e ty o f pum p s .

1034. D o ub l e -a c ti o n p i s to n p um p ,w i th out valve s . Th e p i sto n h a s

a n o s c i llat i n g o r rad ia l m o ti o n ( se e p lan ) , a s w e ll a s a n up a n d

d ow n m o t io n ,s o th a t th e two po rts a r e a lte rn a te ly op e n to th e

upp e r a n d un d e r s id e o f p i s to n by th e sm a ll p a s sage s A A. Th e

re qui re d m o t io n c a n be o bta i n e d from No . 406,c ra n k m o t i o n .

103 5 . R Op e p um p . A s im p le e n dl e ss soft o r p o ro us rop e abso rbs wa te ra t i ts low e r p art ( imm e rse d ) , wh i c h w a t e r i s p re sse d out o f it

b e tw e e n th e ro l le rs a t top .

103 6 . Ap p a r a tus t o sup p ly a i r t o a i r v e s s e ls . Th e m a in pum p a t

e ve ry s trok e d raws a sm a ll quan ti ty o f wa te r from th e sm all a i rv e sse l A,

a n d o n th e re tur n s trok e fo rc e s a n e qual qua n ti ty o f a i r

from th e sm a lle r to th e la rge r ve sse l B. O i s a d ouble a i r valve .

1037 C om b i n e d buc k e t a n d p lun ge r p um p d raws o n th e up strokeo n ly , but d e live rs o n b oth s troke s .

103 8. Ai r p um p ,w i th fo o t a n d h e a d va lve s .

103 9 . H a n d o r p ow e r p um p . Ca n be th row n i n to ac tio n from th e

c ran k sh aft by fa ste n i n g th e se t s c rew , o r m ay be wo rke di n d e p e n d e n tly by th e h a n d le ve r.

1040.

“ W o r th i n gto n p a tte r n o f p lun ge r p um p , d ouble a c ti n g.


1 2 8 THE ENGINEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

D o ub le b a r r e l p um p ,w i th buc ke t p i s to n s . Th e wa te r p asse s

b o th p i sto n s , wh i c h a r e fitte d w ith va lve s op e n i n g o pp o s i te way s .

O s c i lla ti n g s e c to r o r quad r a n t pum p , w i th o n e va n e o r p i s to n .

D o ub le qu a d r a n t p um p . Th e two va n e s a r e w o rke d by li n ksfrom a s i n gle c ra n k .

1044. O s c i lla ti n g p um p , w i th two rad ia l va n e s k ey e d to a c e n tralro ck i n g sh a ft .

H o llow p lug o i l o r wa te r fe e d e r.D oub le r am p um p .

Ri s i n g m a i n s i n m i n e s a n d w e lls h ave b e e n use d a s th e m a i n

pum p ro d s i n som e i n s ta n c e s .

I n pum p i n g up to a ta n k o r re se rvo i r from wh i c h a d ow n s e rvi c ep ip e i s take n , th e pum p c a n be a rran ge d to d e li ve r i n to th i s

p i p e at i ts n e are s t c o n v e n i e n t p o i n t , i n ste ad o f h avi n g a s e c o n d

p ip e from th e pum p to th e ta n k .

S c h m i d ’s tru n k c y l . h y d r auli c p um p i n g e n gi n e uti li se s a

l ow -

p re ssure sup p ly t o fo rc e from th e a n n ul ar s id e o f th e p isto n a

h igh-p re ssure s e rvi c e .

Se e a lso ro ta ry e n gi n e s a n d pum p s , Se c tion 75 .

Pum p i n g e n gi n e s , Se c ti o n 6 1 .

Se ct io n 57.— P I P ES AND GONVEYORS.

Pla i n tub i n g m ay be e i th e r o f i ro n ,bra ss , z i n c , le ad , t i n p la te , sh e e t i ro n ,

p ap i e r m ac h é, i n d iarubbe r , guttap e rc h a , le a th e r, c o t to n ,o r c a n va s .

Flexible s o rts o f th e la st five m a te ria l s n am e d a r e stre n gth e n e d wh e n

re qui re d by sp i ra l w i re , e i th e r i n s i d e o r o uts id e o r im b e d d e d i n

th e m a te ria l a lso , i n th e c a se o f rubbe r, by c a n va s i n se rt io n ; o r

by b e i n g p aye d w i th ya rn o r w i re , e i th e r w o un d o r p lai te d roun dth e e xte rio r.

CAST I R O N PI PE S .

1048 to 1053 . Sh ow s e c ti o n s a n d e le v a ti o n s o f fo rm s o f flan ge s

e m p loy e d . 1053 h a s a sm a ll V s p a c e , i n wh i c h i s i n se rte d a

ri n g o f gut tap e rc h a c o rd o r s o ft le a d . Us e d fo r h e avy p re ssure s .

1054. S o c k e t a n d s p igo t p i p e s .

Th e o rd i n ary e a rth e n wa re s o c ke t d ra i n p ip e s , flue p ip e s ,a r e e xam p le s .

1055 . S o c k e t a n d sp igo t p i p e s , w i th tap e re d , bo re d , a n d turn e d jo i n t ,105 6 . C up a n d b a ll j o i n t fo r un e ve n groun d , &c .

1057. W r ough t i r o n p i p e s , w i th c a s t i ro n fla n ge s .

1058 . D i a go n a l un i v e r s a l j o i n t. Se e N o . 1078 .

1059 . Sw i v e lli n g jo i n t. Coup li n g qui c k ly o p e n e d o r c lo se d,fac e d w i th

rubbe r o r l e a th e r.1060 . B ay o n e t j o i n t, fo r h yd ra n ts , &c . Se e N o . 963 .

W R OUGHT I R O N PI PE S .

106 1 . Sh e e t i r o n flu e p i p e s .

1062. W r o ugh t i r o n p i p e a n d s c r ew e d c oup li n gs .

1063 . W r o ugh t i r o n fla n ge c o up l i n g.

1064. R e d uc i n g s o c k e t o r c oup li n g.

THE ENGINEER S SKE TCH -B OOK. 1 2 9


106 5 1066 . E lb ow s .

1067. B e n d .

1068. I n te r n a l c oup li n g fo r h a n d ra i li n g , &e .

1069 . Pa te n t l a p -fo ld e d p i p e .

1070 . L o n g s c r ew,c oup li n g a n d b a c k n ut

,fo r m ak i n g th e las t

jo i n t i n a s e ri e s o f p ip e s wh e n th e la st p i e c e c a n n o t b e s c rewe di n to bo th jo i n ts .

1071 to 1073 . S c r ew e d un i o n s . Th e n ut m ay be a s N o . 1072 o r 1073 .

Se e a ls o Se c ti o n 78 .

1074 1075 U n i o n s w i th righ t a n d le ft-h an d th r e a d s .

1076 . E xp a n s i o n j o i n t p la i n .

1077. E x p a n s i o n j o i n t wi th glan d a n d s a fe ty b e l t t o p re ve n t th e jo i n tblow i n g o ut .

A be n t U-Sh ap e d tub e o f c o pp e r i s som e tim e s us e d a s a n e xpan s i o np i e c e i n a l i n e o f h o t p ip i n g.

1078 . B o y le ’s p a te n t d i a go n a l un i v e r s a l j o i n t, by sw i ve lli n g th e

d i ago n a l jo i n t th e p ip e s c a n b e se t a t a n y a n gle from 0°to 90

°to

e a c h o th e r.1079 . E xp a n d i n g p i p e s w i th s tufii n g boxe s a t e a ch jo i n t , use d fo r c o n

v ey i n g w a te r , s te am ,o r a i r to a m o vab l e e n gi n e o r m ac h i n e .

C ON V EYO R S .

1080 1081 . W o o d tr ough s som e tim e s li n e d w i th m e ta l .Fo r c o n ve y i n g m a te ria ls o th e r th an li qui d s , such a s sa n d , c o al , gra i n ,

&c . ,

th e fo l low i n g c o n triva n c e s ar e us e d

E n d l e ss ban d s o f c a n va s,rubb e r, le a th e r, &c .

,s om e tim e s w i th

fla n ge s like 1082 .

Slo p i n g w o o d e n tub e s o r sh o o ts .

1082 . S e c ti o n a l c o n v e y o r , e n d le ss , c arri e d roun d pulley s likeNo . 1083 .

1083 . C r e e p e r , a n e n d le s s c h a i n o f bo ard s o r buck e ts sli d i n g alo n g a

fixe d w o o d tro ugh . Se e E wa rt ’s p a te n t d e ta ch abl e d ri ve c h a i n,

w h i c h i s fitte d w i th sp e c i a l li n k s fo r a tta c hm e n t o f bo ard s o r

buck e ts .

1084. W o rm a n d tr o ugh , s im i la r i n p ri n c ip l e to a n arc h im e d e a n s c rew .

Se e N o . 1022 .

E le va to rs fo r ve r ti c al o r s lop i n g c o n ve ya n c e usually c o n s ist o f

a n e n d l e ss ba n d o f s om e fle xi bl e m ate ria l o r c h a i n w i th a

n um b e r o f t i n o r m e tal buc k e ts a tta ch e d a t regular i n te rvals(a s No . 1086) l ik e a c re e p e r , N o . 1083 , but w o rk i n g i n a n

e n c lo s e d tube .

Pn e um a t i c tub e s . Se e Se c ti o n 19 . V alve s fo r d o . , N o . 1 6 3 8 .

1085 . I s a n im p r o v e d fo rm o f w o rm h avi n g n o c e n tre sh aft.

Pa te n t An ti -Fri c tio n Co n v eyo r .

1086 . E le v a to r , o r ba n d a n d buc k e ts , m ay be run i n a n y p o s i tio n .

1087 1088 . E n d le s s w e b a n d r o lle r d e v i c e s fo r c o n ve y i n g sh e e ts

o f p ap e r, fo r p r i n t i n g o r fo ld i n g.

Se e a lso Ra i s i n g a n d Low e ri n g, Se c t io n 69.



Sect io n 58 .

— PAOKINGS, JO I NTS, STUFFING BOXES, &c .

PI STO N S .

1089 . Pi s to n W i th jun k r i n g ; th e p ack i n g i s som e tim e s c a s t i ro n ,s te e l

,bra ss

,o r ph o sph o r bro n ze ri n gs , o r e ve n h em p o r a sb e stos .

1090. Sm a ll p i s to n s h ave ge n e ra lly two ri n gs o f s te e l o r bra s s sp run gi n to th e gro ove s .

1091 . D oub le -a c ti n g h y d r au li c p i s to n fo r c o ld w a te r ; i f s i n glea c t i n g, o n e le a th e r o n ly i s re qui re d fo r ho t w a te r

,ri n gs ar e ge n e

ra lly em p loy e d .

1092 . I n d i a rub b e r r o lli n g r i n g p a c k i n g, use d o n Ke n n e d y’

s p a te n t

p i s to n wa t e r m e te rs .

1093 . Pi sto n ,w i th jun k ri n g fo r fibrous p a c k i n g.

Num e rous p a te n ts ar e i n use fo r sp ri n gs o f va ri ous ki n d s app li e dt o p i st o n ri n gs . Se e Se c tio n 80.

STUFF I N G B OXE S, a c .

S e c ti o n s a n d p la n s o f gla n d s tuffi n gb o x e s

1098. L e a th e r p a c k i n g r i n g o r c o lla r,use d ge n e rally fo r h igh e r

p re ssur e s up to 3 o r 4 to n s p e r square i n c h .

1099 . S tuffin g b o x fo r h y d r aul i c r am s,up to p re s sure s o f ab out

1000 lbs . p e r square i n c h,w i th sp e c i a l h ard p ack i n g.

1100 1 101 . W h e n t h e w e a r o n a n h y d r auli c le a th e r i s c o n

s i d e r ab l e a gua r d -r i n g sh o uld b e a d d e d,a s sh ow n h e re .

1102. S t a n n a h’s p a te n t s tufii n g b o x ; th e p a c k i n g i s t igh te n e d by a

s e t s c re w .

1 103 1 104. R am le a th e r s , w i th gla n d to fa c ilita te re n e wi n g.

1 105 . G r o o v e d s te am p a c k i n g. I t i s s a id th a t th e s te am wi ll n o t

re ad ily p as s a s e ri e s Of gro ove s rou n d a p i s to n r e d .

1 106 . U s e ful fo rm o f gla n d fo r a s c re we d sp i n d le , th e th r e a d be i n g c uti n th e o ute r c ap .

1107. V -r i n g p i s t o n p a c k i n g r i n gs . Th e i n n e r sp ri n g ri n g p re s s e sth e oute r ri n gs o u t aga i n st th e c y li n d e r .

1108 .

“ B o ttle gla n d t o c o ve r a re c ip ro c a ti n g r o d e n d .

1109 . G la n d w i th O i l sp ac e to ke e p th e r o d lubri c a te d .

1 1 10 . W a te r lute o r s e a l fo r ga s h o ld e rs , &c .

111 1 . G r o o v e d jo i n t fo r p a ck i n g r oun d c o ve rs , &0 .

THE ENGI NEER’

S SKETCH -B OOK. 1 3 3

10 9 2 .

”9 5 °

10 9 6 .

10 9 7. 10 9 8 . 10 8 9 . 110 0 .

110 3 .

110 5

1 34 THE ENGINE ER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

I n d i a rub b e r s h e e t j o i n t fo r th e tube s o f c o n d e n se rs,th e rubbe r

be i n g p re s s e d aroun d th e tub e jo i n ts by a p la te w i th p roje c ti n gri n gs . Se e Plate , p age 13 9 .

V -r i n g m e ta lli c gla n d p a c k i n g. Se e Pl a te , p age 13 9.

Jo i n ts o f p la n e surfac e s a r e usually m ad e wi th r e d -le a d fo r s te am

a n d wa te r ; a sbe sto s , m i llb o a rd , a n d s om e tim e s rubbe r i n se rtio n,

tap e , p ap e r, o r w i re gauz e fo r s te am,wa te r, a i r , &c .

Se ct io n 59 .

— P RO P U LS I O N .

(Se e a lso Se c ti o n s 6 0, a n d

O n la n d,v e h i c le s

,& c .

,m ay b e p r o p e lle d b y

a . A n y e n gi n e h avi n g c o n ta i n e d i n i ts e l f i ts sourc e o f p owe r ; suc h a s

a s te am e n gi n e , c om p re s s e d -a i r e n gi n e , e le c tri c m o to r, &0 .

b . An y fix e d s our c e o f p ow e r,th e m o vi n g veh i c le be in g c o n n e c te d

to i t by : 1 , a rop e o r c h ai n ; 2 , a tube ; 3,a n e le c tri c w i re

o r o th e r e le c tri c c o n n e c t i o n .

0 . B y gr av i ta ti o n d ow n a n i n c l i n e d o r v e rt ic al ro ad . Se e Se c ti o n 6 9.

(1. B y w i n d p ow e r,usi n g sa i ls o r w i n dm ill. Se e Se c t io n 95 .

e . A n im a l p ow e r .

O n w a te r,v e s s e ls a r e p r o p e lle d

a . W i n d .

b . S te am o r o th e r h e at e n gi n e .

c . W a v e m o ti o n .

d . N a tur a l c ur r e n ts,t id e s .

e . An im a l p ow e r .

I n a i r,b a llo o n s h a v e b e e n p r o p e lle d

a . W i n d .

b . S om e k i n d o f e n gi n e p ow e r .

0 . H a n d p ow e r .

But th e two la tte r sour c e s mus t be at p r e se n t c o n s id e r e d alm ostim p ra c t ic able .


I 3 6 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

Se ct io n 60 .—MOTI V E POWE R .

I t i s a ssum e d th a t a l l ph y s i c a l e n e rgy i s d e rive d m o re o r le ss d i re c tly fromth e sun ,

wh o se rays c om b i n e : 1 , h e at ; 2 , ligh t ; 3 , a c ti n i c o r

c h em i c a l p ow e r.

H e a t m ay b e Obta i n e d

a . By d i re c t use o f th e sun’

s ray s.

b . From a n y c om bustible m a t e ri al .

c . From c h em i c al re a c tio n .

L igh t d o e s n o t s e p ara te ly d e ve lop p owe r .

C h em i c a l r e a c ti o n s ar e e mp loy e d to d e ve lop h e at , c ombustio n , c o n

tra c t io n , o r e xp a n s io n , a s m e a n s of d e ve lop i n g p ow e r.

From th e fo re go i n g e lem e n tary ph y s i c al sourc e s th e fo llow i n g a r e th e

p rac ti c a l s ourc e s o f our p owe r fo r m e c h an i c a l purpo se s .

E le c tri c a l p owe r .

Magn e tic p ow e r .

Tid a l m o ti o n .

Falli n g wa te r .

De s c e n d i n g w e i gh ts .

Wave m o ti o n .

W i n d .

Expa n si o n Of a i r o r o th e r gase s.Ste am .

Exp lo sive s .

Fue ls , h yd ro c arbo n s , 850 .

Th e se ar e em p loy e d l n p r o duc i n g p owe r by th e fo llow i n g app aratus o r

m o to rs

E l e c tr i c m o to r s d rive n from a d y n am o , ba tte ry , o r a c cum ula to r.

M agn e ti c p ow e r c a n n o t be em p loy e d c o n t i n uously a s a m o to r,

a s i t gi ve s o ut o n ly a s m uc h a s i t re c e ive s .

T i d a l m o ti o n c a n b e uti li se d to d rive a n y k i n d o f wh e e l , se eWate rWh e e ls , Se c ti o n 90. I t c a n a lso be s to re d i n a re se rvo i r, d rivi n ga w a te r e n gi n e a s i t flow s i n a n d out o n th e flo o d a n d e bb ; o r a

flo a t i n g ve ss e l m ay , by i ts ri se an d fall, c omm un i c ate m o ti o n to

m ac h i n e s .

THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK. 1 3 7

Fa lli n g w a te r ; fo r m a c h i n e s e m p lo y e d to util ise,s e e W a te r

W h e e ls , Se c t i o n 90 ; Turbi n e s , W a te r-p re ssure E n gi n e s , 860Se c t io n 93 .

D e s c e n d i n g w e igh ts m us t firs t o f c o urs e be ra ise d,abso rbi n g

a s m uc h p o we r i n ra i s i n g a s th e y give o ut i n fa l li n g, n e gle c ti n gfric tio n . C lo ckwo rk ; wa t e r ; o r c om p re s s io n o f a spri n g (s e eSe c tio n m ul t iply i n g pul le y s (s e e Se c t io n a r e th e

a pp ara tus em p loy e d t o u ti l i s e th i s fo rm o f e n e rgy .

W a v e m o ti o n i s to o un c e rta i n a n d e rra ti c to be a p rac t ic ablesourc e o f p ow e r. Ro c ki n g a i r-c om pre s s i n g c h am be rs , ro c k i n gp um p s , &c . ,

h a ve Ob ta i n e d s om e sma ll m e a sure o f suc c e ss .

W i n d , w i n dm i lls . Se e Se c tio n 95 .

E xp a n s i o n o f a i r a n d ga s e s . A s c e n d i n g c urre n ts o f h o t a i rfrom a fir e a r e us e d to d rive a l igh t s c re w m o to r , fa n , &c . H o t

a i r e n gi n e s , s e e Ryd e r’

s p a te n t a n d n um e ro us o th e rs , wh ichd e p e n d up o n a l te rn a te e xpa n s io n a n d c o n tra c t io n o f a ir by

h e a t i n g a n d c o o l i n g. Ai r c om p re s s e d i n a n a c c um ula to r o r

re se rvo ir i s em p lo y e d to g ive m o t io n to m ult ip ly i n g pulle y s o r

a n a i r e n g in e .

E xp a n s i o n o f li qui d s , o th e r th a n w a te r (by h e a t) , i n to th e

ga s e o us fo rm . E n gi n e s i n w h i c h th e fue l i s burn t un d e r pr e s surea n d th e t o ta l p ro d uc ts o f c om bus t io n em p loy e d (w i th o r w i th out

s t e am ) to d r ive a m o to r.

S te am i s i n re al ity o n e o f th e la s t-m e n t io n e d sourc e s o f p o we r ;i t i s em p loye d by d ire c t p r e ssure o n a p i s to n o r r am (se e Se c t io n

o r to p ro d uc e d ire c t ro tary m o tio n ( se e Se c tio n 75 ) a ls o i nth e je t pum p , NO 80 1 ; o r i n je c to r ( s e e Se c t io n o r by

d ire c t p re s sure o n a bo d y o f W a t e r c o n ta i n e d i n a c lo s e d ve ss e l,

a s i n th e pulso m e te r , s te am a c c um ul a to r, &c .

E xp lo s i v e s a r e subs ta n c e s wh ic h , by ap p l ic a tio n o f flam e,h e at ,

p e rc us s io n ,&c sud d e n ly a s sum e th e ga s e ous fo rm , th us i n

c re a s i n g th e ir bulk m a n y h un d re d t im e s , usually i n a sm a llfra c t io n O f a s e c o n d Of tim e . A se c o n d c la s s c om p ri s e e xp lo s ivem ixture s o f g as e s , suc h a s h y d roge n ,

a n d o xyge n , c a rbure tte dh yd r o ge n , a n d a i r . Som e a ttem p ts h ave be e n m ad e to emp loye xp lo s ive subs ta n c e s to d rive e n gi n e s i n l

va r ious way s , but w i th

n o p e rm a n e n t suc c e s s . Th e s e c o n d c la ss o f e Xplo s ive m ixture so f ga se s a r e la rge ly e m p lo y e d i n th e ga s e n gi n e , p e tro le ume n gi n e , a n d t h e ir va r i e t i e s .

Fue ls , h y d r o c a r b o n s , &c . , ar e em p loy e d to e vapo ra te wa te ri n to s te am to exp a n d a ir o r o th e r ga se s , o r c o n ve rt l iquid s i n toga s e s ; a n d a ls o by vap o ri s a ti o n to supp ly ga s fo r us e i n s om e

fo rm s O f ga s e n g i n e .

1 3 8THE ENGI NEERS SKETCH -B OOK.

Sect io n 61 .

— P UMP I N G E N G I N ES, TY P ES OF.

V E RT I CAL E N G I N E S .

1 114. V e r ti c a l d i r e c t-a c ti n g, w i th(

e i th e r r am p um p , r am a n d p is to n

pum p , o r pi sto n o n ly . Se e Se c tio n 5 6 .

1 115 . S lo t a n d c r a n k m o ti o n ,a vari e ty o f th e la s t n am e d . Of c ourse

a n y o th e r k i n d o f c ra n k d ri vi n g c a n b e em p loy e d . Se e Se c t io n 10 .

Th e fram e s ta n d a rd s a r e fre que n tly use d a s a ir ve s s e ls o r va lvec h e sts .

1116 . D i r e c t-a c ti n g r am p um p , w i th fly-wh e e l wo rk e d Ofl'

c r o ssh e ad

p i n .

1 117. D i r e c t-a c ti n g, w i th y ok e c ro ssh e ad ; m uc h use d i n th e n o rth e rnc oun t ie s . Th e s ta n d ard s fo rm a i r ve sse ls a n d va lve boxe s , a n d

th ey a r e m ad e bo th o f th e p i s to n a n d r am ty p e s .

11 18 . Th r e e -c y li n d e r , w i th y oke c ro ssh e ad . E i th e r th e c e n tre c y li n d e ro r th e tw o s id e o n e s c a n be us e d a s th e st e am m o to r c y li n d e rs , o rth e pum p s .

H OR I ZO N TAL E N G I N E S .

Th e o r d i n a r y d i r e c t-a c ti n g e n gi n e ,w i th e i th e r s te am -m o ve d

o r tapp e t va lve s , s e e Ta n gy e’

s“ Sp e c i al,

”

th e “ C o a lbro okd ale .

a n d o th e rs , i n wh i ch th e s li d e va lve i s o p e ra te d by p i s to n s

c o n tro lle d by auxi liary tapp e t va lve s o n th e sam e p ri n c ip le a s

No . 1 50 6.

1 120. D i r e c t-a c ti n g, w i th c r o s sh e ad a n d gui d e bars be twe e n th e cy li n d e rs .

1 121 . Tw o m o d ific a ti o n s o f N o . 112 0 .

1 123 . D i r e c t-a c ti n g, w i th ro ck i n g le ve r valve m o tio n s e e th e Wo rthi n gto n

”

a n d o th e r “ Dup le x”

p um p s , i n wh i c h two e n gi n e s a r e

c om b i n e d SO th at o n e w o i k s th e va lve o f th e o th e r .

1 122 , 1 124, 1125 . O th e r fo rm s o f d i r e c t-a c ti n g e n gi n e s .

1126 . H o r i zo n ta l c om p o un d d i r e c t-a c ti n g. Th e h igh pre ssurec y l i n d e r , lo w-

p re ssure d i tto , a n d re c e ive r a r e s i d e by s i d e,a n d

th e a i r p um p a n d m a i n pum p i n li n e wi th th e ste am c yl i n d e rs .


140“


1 127. H o r i zo n ta l p um p i n g e n gi n e , w i th yoke d c ro ssh e a d s a n d c ra n ki n c e n tre .

1128 1129 . H o r i zo n ta l c om p oun d le v e r e n gi n e s .

1130. D a v e y’s p a te n t v e r ti c a l c om p o un d b e am m i n i n g p um p .

Th e Co rn i sh be am pum p i n g e n gi n e i s to o w e ll k n o w n to n e e d

i l lustra ti o n .

I n m i n i n g pum p s th e pum p r o d h a s o c c a s io n ally be e n m ad e o f

i ro n p ip e a n d em p loy e d a s th e ri s i n g m a i n .

113 1 . G e a r e d p um p i n g e n gi n e , w i th s te am c y li n d e r a n d pum p s id e

by s id e ; th e Sp e e d o f th e ste am p i s to n i s re d uc e d o n th e pum p by

spur ge ari n g.

Se ct io n 62 .

—PAWL AND RATC H ET MOTI O NS.

I NTERMITTE NT MOTI O N .

Th e c om m o n r a tc h e t-w h e e l a n d p aw l, o r d e te n t .

D i tto,w i th c om poun d p awls to c h e ck a n gula r m o tio n le ss th a n th e

p i tc h Of th e te e th .

L o c k i n g p aw l.

S trut-a c ti o n p aw l .

I n d i a rub b e r b a ll p aw l ; som e tim e s a so lid ro lle r i s substi tute dfo r th e i n d ia rubbe r ba ll .

R e v e r s e r a tc h e ts , fo r c o n ti n uous fe e d from a n o s c i lla ti n g arm .

B a ll a n d s o c k e t r a tc h e t, w i ll w o rk a t a n a n gle .

Paw l,us ed w i th o rd i n ary spur te e th , a n d som e t im e s m ad e re ve r s ible

( s e e d o tte d li n e s) , to d rive th e o pp o s i te way .

R a tc h e t b o s s e s .

S i l e n t p aw l ; th e p aw l i s li fte d out o f ge ar wh i le re ve r s i n g byth e m o tio n o f th e t oggle jo i n t a n d le ve r .

C r ow n r a tc h e t a n d p aw l.

Ap p li c a ti o n o f N o . 113 6 a s a s i le n t fe e d m o tio n .

C li c k a n d d e te n t c o n ti n uo us fe e d m o ti o n .

H a r e’s fo o t r a tc h e t m o ti o n w i th d e te n t .

S i le n t fe e d . Th e jaw grip s th e r im Of wh e e l wh e n m ov i n g i n

o n e d ire c t io n a n d run s lo o s e th e o th e r way .

R e c ip r o c a ti n g i n to i n te rm i tte n t ro tary m oti o n .


114 2 .

115 6 .

115 9 .

I 4 1

142 THE ENGINEE RS SKETCH -B OOK.

1 148 . R e c ip r o c a ti n g c i r c u la r m o ti o n i n to i n te rm i tte n t c irc ular d i tto,

Ka i se r’s p a te n t .

1149 . C o n ti n uous c i r c u la r m o ti o n i n to i n te rm i tte n t d i tto ,Ka i s e r’s

p a te n t . Th e wh e e l A i s lo c ke d by th e ri n g C wh i le th e fin ge r Bi s o ut Of ge ar, th e r i n g th e n p a ss i n g be twe e n th e te e th o f A.

C am -r i n g i n te rm i tte n t fe e d m o ti o n .

M o d ific a ti o n o f th e la s t n am e d ; i n bo th th e wh e e l i s lo ck e dd uri n g th e d e a d m ovem e n t o f th e c am by th e fla n ge p a ss i n gbe twe e n th e te e th

S lo t w h e e l a n d p i n ge a r .

S e gm e n t-w h e e l i n te rm i tte n t fe e d m o ti o n ; lo ck e d d uri n g th ed e a d m o vem e n t o f d rivi n g w h e e l.

1154. Th e p aw l i s l i fte d o ut o f ge a r a t e ac h re vo luti o n o f th e p i n

wh e e l A a n d th e ra tc h e t m o ve d o n e o r m o re t e e th .

D o ub le p aw ls a n d l i n k s fo r c o n t i n uous fe e d m o t io n .

Th e c am A i s e c c e n tri c t o th e w h e e l 8 ,a n d slip s out O f ge ar a t

a n y re qui re d p o i n t wh i le th e d ri vi n g wh e e l m ake s a. p art ia lr e vo lut io n .

1 157. Sp r i n g-p aw l fe e d m o ti o n ; th e large wh e e l w i th p awl a t ta c h e dd rive s th e r a tc h e t wh e e l.

R o c k i n g l e v e r a n d d o ub le p aw ls fo r r a i s i n g a r a ck .

I n te r n a l p aw ls , d ropp i n g i n to ge ar by gravita tio n .

Th e p aw l i s l i fte d o ut o f ge a r by th e a c t o f putti n g th e h a n d leo n th e square e n d o f sh a ft , th e h a n d le h avi n g a bo s s sh ap e d so a s

to li ft th e p aw l .

1 1 6 1 . Sta r W h e e l a n d fix e d p aw l fo r c o n ve y i n g i n te rm i t te n t m o ti o n

to s cr e w o n r e vo lvi n g d is c ; us e d fo r b o ri n g-bars , s l id e re sts , &c .Pe n d ulum a n d r a tc h e t e s c a p em e n t.C y li n d e r e s c a p em e n t.

Pe n d ulum a n d d o ub l e r a tc h e t w h e e l e s c a p em e n t .

E n la rge d p la n o f c y l i n d e r e s c a p em e n t.L e v e r e s c a p em e n t.D o ub le p aw l a n d p i n w h e e l e s c a p em e n t.

Th r e e -l e g p e n d ulum e s c a p em e n t.

S e lf-sus ta i n i n g r a tc h e t m o ti o n . Pull i n g th e c o rd A th r ows thep aw l o ut o f ge a r by th e stra igh te n i n g o f th e c o rd fo rc i n g ba ck th ebe n t p aw l le ve r.

V e rge e s c a p em e n t.I n te rm i tte n t c i r c ula r m o ti o n by re vo lv i n g p awl a n d d e te n t.



1 172 . Sp a n n e r r a tc h e t ; a s im p le spa n n e r h av i n g a p i n n e a r o n e e n d o f

o n e o f th e jaws wh i c h slip s i n to th e te e th o f th e ra c h e t wh e e l.

V p aw l ; o p e ra te s by w e d gi n g i tse lf b e twe e n th e V fla n ge s .

G r av i ty p aw ls a n d r a tc h e t W h e e l .

R a tc h e t W h e e l, us e d to go ve rn th e s t r iki n g ge a r o f a c lo ck.

Th e p aw l i s h i n ge d t o th e jo i n te d e n d o f th e l e v e r , a n d I S

pulle d out o f ge a r by th e re turn m o vem e n t o f th e r o d— si le n t fe e d .

Paw l a n d r a c k .

R o lle r a n d i n c l i n e d s e gm e n ta l r e c e s s fo r s ile n t fe e d m oti o n .

G r ip p i n g p aw ls a n d r i n g fo r s i le n t fe e d m o tio n .

Sn ai l ra tch e t , No . 725 .

Sect io n 63 .— P R ESS I N G .

Th e o rd i n ary Sc rew p re ss a n d Hyd raulic p r e ss ar e w e ll-k n own mach i n e s .

R a c k a n d s c r ew p r e s s .

Pow e r p r e s s o r stam p , w i th d o uble c r a n k m o vem e n t wo rke dfrom be low .

D i c k ’s a n ti -fr i c ti o n p r e s s , w i th ro lli n g c o n ta c ts th rough out.

H y d r auli c p r e s s , w i th d ie s fo r le ad p ip e m aki n g a s im i la r p re ssi s use d fo r m ak i n g e a rth e n wa re d ra i n a n d fin e p ip e s , th e m a te ria lbe i n g fo rc e d out o f a n a n n ular o rific e .

W e d ge p r e s s .

S te r -h y d r auli c p r e s s ; a str a n d o r r op e i s w oun d up o n a barre li n s id e th e c y li n d e r , thus d i sp lac i n g th e wa te r a n d ra i s i n g th e ram .

S c r ew fly p r e s s .

C om b i n e d s c r ew a n d h yd r auli c p r e s s . Th e s c rew i s w o rk e dd ow n by h a n d un t il th e p re s sure be c om e s to o gre a t fo r h a n d p owe r ,wh e n th e pre s s i n g i s fin i sh e d by th e hyd rauli c r am .

R e v o lv i n g d i e s .

Th e “ B o om e r” d oub le -s c r ew to ggle p r e s s , w i th i n c re as i n g

p re s sure a s th e p re ss fo llow e r d e s c e n d s .

1 190 . R e v o lv i n g to ggle p r e s s , wi th s im i lar c ap ab il itie s but m o r e

re s tri c te d m o vem e n t .

1 191 . S e c to r a n d li n k p r e s s fo r i n c r e as i n g p re ssur e .

“7 2

THE ENGINEER’

S SKE TCH -B OOK.

| l7 9


Pr e s s d i e s , w i th slid i n g p l a te fo r d i s c h a rg in g.

S c r ew a n d to ggl e p r e s s ; a m o d ific a ti o n o f No . 1 189 .

D o ub le r am h y d r auli c p r e s s fo r two p re ssure s th e sm all r ami s e m p loy e d to give th e firs t p re ssur e , th e la rge r am th e n fin i sh e s

th e p r e s sm g.

Se e a l s o Se c t io n 13 .

Se ct io n 64.

— POWER AND SP E ED , CO NTR I VAN C ES

TO VARY .

(Se e Me ch a n i c a l Po w e rs , Se c ti o n 53 )

Se ct io n 65 .

— QU I C K R ETU RN MOTI O NS.

Employ e d fo r m a c h i n e s h avi n g a s low m o vem e n t o n e n ay , a n d a qui cke rre turn m o vem e n t .

1 195 . S lo t l e v e r a n d c r a n k m o ti o n ; give s a vary i n g sp e e d , quicke stwh e n th e c ra n k p i n i s a t th e b o ttom c e n tre

,a n d slowe st wh e n a t

th e te p , w i th a sligh t pause a t e a c h e n d o f s troke .

1 196 . W h i tw o r th ’s m o ti o n . Th e p i n A i n th e wh e e l B trave ls c e c e n

t r i c a l ly i n th e c ra n k d i sc , wh i c h i s e c c e n tri c to th e fixe d bo ss o n

wh i c h th e d rivi n g wh e e l 8 run s , so th a t th e r ad ius o f th e d rivi n gm o t io n o f th e p i n va ri e s a s i t re vo lve s a n d i t trave ls up a n d

d o w n th e slo t i n th e d is c .

B y tw o b e lts,o n e o p e n a n d o n e c ro s se d , a n d d rivi n g d rum s o f

d i ffe re n t d iam e te rs .

B y tw o b e lts,o n e o p e n a n d o n e c ro s se d

,but d rive n by th e sam e

d rum . Th e m id d le pulley i s lo o s e , th e le ft h a n d pulley i s fa s t toth e spur wh e e l , a n d th e righ t h a n d pulley to th e spur p i n i o n .

S e gm e n t ge a r , ge a ri n g a lte rn a te ly w ith th e i n te rn a l ri n g a n d th e

c e n tra l p i n io n . Se e No . 724.

Se e Se c tio n 74.

Se ct io n 66 .—RO P E G EAR I N G .

1 199 . V -gr o o v e d p ulle y r im fo r roun d rop e .

1200 . Multip le p ulle y r im,us e d fo r rop e d rivi n g i n m i lls , &c .


148 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

Se c t io n 68 .—R EC I P ROCATI N G AND C I RC U LAR MOTI O N ,

CO NV ERTI N G O N E I NTO THE OTH ER .

(Se e C irc ula r a n d Re c ip ro c a ti n g Mo ti o n,Se c tio n

( Se e Pawl a n d Ra tc h e t Mo tio n s , Se c t io n

Sec t io n 69 .

— RAI S I N G AND LOWER I N G .

( 1 ) B Y HAN D POW E R .

Th e o r d i n a r y W i n c h a n d c r a n k h a n d le .

W i n c h ,w o rke d by a n e n d le ss h an d ro p e a n d wh e e l

,sim i la r to

No s . 1210 , 1220 .

1210. H a n d r o p e a n d b a r r e l h o i s t . I n th i s m a ch i n e ge a r i n g

’

m aybe i n te rp o se d be twe e n th e h a n d ro p e wh e e l a n d ro p e d rum to

i n c re a se th e p ow e r a n d re d uc e sp e e d .

0 . D i ffe r e n ti a l b lo c k s o f vari ous p a tte rn s ( se e W e sto n ’

8 , Pi cke r i n g’

s ,

Mo o re ’s, Se e Se c tio n 3 1 .

B y s c r e w ge a r , a s i n th e o rd i n a ry s c rew ja ck. Se c . 78.

R a c k a n d p i n i o n ge a r . Se e No . 754.

W o rm a n d w h e e l ge a r . Se e Se c tio n 84.

No te a s to brake wh e e ls ; th e se sh ould a lway s be up o n th e loa d

sh aft so th a t th e brak i n g i s n o t tr a n sm i tte d to th e lo ad th roughto o th e d ge a ri n g. W o rm ge a r usua lly w i ll n o t sus ta i n a lo adw i th o ut a brake wh e e l , un le ss th e re i s a n e xc e ss o f fric ti o nwh i c h sh ould n o t e xi st .

Fr i c ti o n ge a r . Se e Se c t io n 3 8.

B Y POW ER .

Th i s m ay be app li e d to a n y o f th e abo ve a s fo llo wsa o r b . To th e o rd i n ary w i n c h by e i th e r ge a ri n g (Se e Se c tio n be lts

( se e Se c t io n o r fri c tio n ge a r ( se e Se c t i o nb . B y gr i p p i n g th e e n d le ss ro p e b e tw e e n grip wh e e ls ( s e e 1208) th e

sm a ll wh e e l c a n be th row n i n to ge a r to gri p th e rop e by a le ve r,

c am o r s c re w.

0 . D i ffe r e n ti a l ge a r m ay be d r ive n f1 om a sh aft by be lts o r ge ar in g.

Se e Se c ti o n s 84 a n d 3 .

(1. S c r e w ge a r . Di t to .

e . R a c k ge a r . D itto .

f. W o rm a n d W h e e l ge a r . Di tto .

g. Fr i c ti o n ge a r i s usually d rive n a s No . 1211.

1211 . W h e r e t h e b a r r e l s h a ft h a s a s l igh t h o r i zo n t a l m o v e

m e n t, so th a t, by th e le ve r, i t c a n be fo rc e d i n to ge a r w i th th efri c t io n p i n io n to ra i se th e lo a d , o r i n to th e brak e blo ck to sus ta i n

th e lo a d o r lowe r itGr o o ve d fri c ti o n V ge a ri n g isalso som e tim e s use d . Se e No . 667.

THE ENGINEE R’

S SKETCH -B OOK. 149

12 0 0 IQ OL l2 0 4

I2 0 2”

l2 0 5 . 12 0 7 .

120 6 .

I2 0 9 .

I2 0 8 .


HYDRAUL I C GEAR . Se e Se c t io n 42.

Th e d i r e c t-a c ti n g p l a n i s s im p ly a r am a n d c y l i n d e r, a s i n th eh yd raul ic p re ss , th e r am b e i n g a s lo n g' a s th e h e igh t o f t i a ve l o f th e c age .

Fo r m ul t ip ly i n g c yl i n d er hyd ra ul ic g e a r , se e Se c t io n 42 .

B a la n c i n g t h e d e a d lo a d o f c age . & c . Th i s i s usua lly d o n eby w e igh ts a tta c h e d to th e e n d o f ro p e s run n i n g over ove rh e ad pu lley s a n dfa ste n e d to th e c age , a s i n N o . 3 70 , o r by a n aux i li a ry c y l i n le r a n d ram o f

sb e i t s tro k e load e d to t h e r e qui r e d w e igh t , a n d c omm un ic a t in g w i th t h e l i ftc yli n d e r by a p ip e . Se e Se c tio n 20.

FOR L OW E R I N G W E I GHT S O N LY.

a . A n h y d r au li c c y li n d e r a n d p i s to n m ay b e use d , to wh i ch th ec age i s d ir e c tly a tta c h e d e ith e r a bove o r be low , t h e c a ge o r p la t fo rm b e i n goverba la n c e d by a c ou n terba la n c e w e ig h t a n d r e pe ( ru n n i n g o ve r a p u lle ya s N o . wh i c h i s suffic i e n t to ra is e i t e m p ty . Th e s pe e d i s c o n trol le d bya p ass va lve w h i c h a llows th e wa t er to p a s s fr om o n e s id e o f th e p is to n to t h eo th er. S e e Se c t io n 5 .

b . An o r d i n a ry V W h e e l a n d b r a k e w h e e l m ay b e us e d, th e

c age be i n g o ve rba l a n c e d a s la s t d e sc r ibe d ; th e m o tio n i s c o n tro l le d so le ly byth e brake . O r , a n h yd raul ic bra ke c y l i n d e r m a y b e u se d i n c o n n e c t io n w i t ha ro p e o r c ha i n a t ta c h e d to th e c age . S e e n o t e to S e c t io n 5 .

O th e r h o i s ti n g d e vi c e s a r e

D i r e c t-a c ti n g s te am o r a i r c y li n d e r s , th e p i sto n re d s be i n gc oup le d d ire c t to th e c age .

Ai r v e s s e ls,o n th e p ri n c ip le o f th e ga som e te r

,but o f a h e i gh t

e qua l to th e tr ave l , a n d d iam e te r p rop o r t io n a l t o th e p r e ssur e o f a i r

em p loye d .

1212. I n te r n a l s c r ew e le v a to r . Th e ve rti c a l sh aft h a s a fe a th e r gro o ve ,a n d c arr ie s a d ouble c ro ssh e a d w i th a wh e e l a t e a c h e n d , wh i c h ru n o n th e

sp i ra l guid e s a n d ra ise th e c age .

1213 . S c r ew e le v a to r , fo r i c e , &c . V e rti c al c re e p e r.1214. Tr a v e ll i n g h o i s t , w i th i n a n d o ut m o t io n a n d r op e .

1215 . S te am d igge r a n d h o i s t.121 6 . H auli n g c ap s ta n . Th e ro p e , wh i c h i s p ay e d o n a n d o ff th e

b arre l , fle e t s”i tse lf a s i t t i a ve ls a lo n g th e ba r r e l ow i n g to i ts c o n ic a l

sh ap e d fla n ge s .

1217. R i c h m o n d ’s p a te n t d i ffe r e n ti a l te le s c o p i c h y d r aul i c l i ft.

Th e wa ter un d e r e a c h p isto n i s fo rc e d i n to th e n ext c yl in d e r above , so th a tth e ram s a l l t ra ve l up wa rd s a t p ropo r ti on a l sp e e d s , so a s to l e a c h th e t 0 po f th e i r s trok e a t th e sam e tim e .

1218 . S e lf-su sta i n i n g ge a r . Th e re vo lut io n o f th e p i n i o n t e n d s t o

l i ft th e barr e l a n d i ts b rak e wh e e l out o f th e brak e ; loweri n g i s p e r fo rm e d

by re li evi n g th e brak e w h e e l by a le ve r wh ic h r a i se s i t fr om th e brak e .

C h e rry ’s p a te n t .1219 . B e lt h o i s t . W o rk e d by a lo o se ve rti c a l b e lt , wh i ch i s t igh te n e d

by th e leve r a n d pul le y wh e n re qu i re d to h o i st , a n d i n loweri n g a load th e

be lt fr i c tio n a c ts a s a brak e .

1220. Tr av e lli n g h a n d h o i s t, w i th e n d le ss rop e .

1221 . Tr av e lli n g c a t h e a d h o i s t. Th e c ath e ad c a n b e run back w i th

i ts l e a d ; t h e w i n c h is som e tim e s fixe d to th e trave ll i n g beam a n d m ove s i na n d o ut w ith i t.

1222. W i n d i n g e n gi n e , usua l typ e fo r d ire c t a c t i n g.

1 223 . G e a r e d W i n d i n g e n gi n e .

1224. Ste am W i n c h , h o r i zo n ta l a r r a n gem e n t.122 5 . S te am w i n c h ,

d i ago n a l a r r a n gem e n t.226 . S te am w i n c h ,

h o r i zo n ta l w o rm -ge a r p la n .


1 5 2 THE ENG INEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

1 427. C o n ti n uous l i ft , fo r p arc e ls , &c . H a s a n umbe r o f sm a ll c age s ,bo xe s

,o r p la t fo rm s susp e n d e d from h o rizo n ta l p ivo ts i n two

e n d le s s c h a i n s th e c age s a r e guid e d s o a s a lway s to h a n g ve rt ic a l.1228 . C o n ti n uo us l i ft

,fo r p a s se n ge rs . Som e t im e s th e c age s a r e sus

p e n d e d from two e n d le s s c h a i n s a t t he i r to p s , a s la s t d e s c r ibe d ;o r s om e tim e s from two e n d le s s c h a i n s

,but w i th a tta c hm e n ts to th e

c age s a t c o rn e rs d iago n a lly o p po s i te e a c h o th e r ; a n d s om e t im e s

from a s i n gle e n d le s s c h a i n a t th e ba ck, p rovid e d w i th . guid e s , &c .

1229 . C o n ti n uo us b a r r e l h o i s t .

Se e a ls o Cra n e s, Se c ti o n 18 .

Se ct io n 70 .

— R E L I EV I N G P R ESSU R E O N BEAR I N GS.

ANTI -FR I CTI O N BEAR I N GS.

123 0. Th e p iv o ts o f tw o r o ll e r s o r sh a fts be a r aga i n s t th e i n s i d e o f a

s t iff ri n g p ro d uc i n g ro l l i n g c o n tac t , but th e ro l le rs o r sh a f ts m us t

r un i n t h e sam e d ire c t io n . Us e d fo r ro l le r m i l l s , &c .

123 1 . Th e s am e d e v i c e,b ut fo r th r e e r o lle r s o r sh a fts .

1232. Th e sh a ft i s gu i d e d v e r ti c a lly a n d i ts w e igh t i s bo r n e by a

large r o l l e r w i th sm al l p ivo ts .

1233 . Th e s h a ft ru n s i n th e V b e tw e e n tw o r o l le r s as la s td e s c ri be d .

1234. R o ll e r o r b a ll bea r i n g. Th e fri c t io n i s le a s t wh e n th e ro l l e rsh ave e n d p ivo ts to r un i n lo o s e ri n gs so th a t th e ro l le rs a re k e p t

apart a n d d o n o t rub e a c h o th e r i n re vo l v i n g.

123 5 . H y d r auli c b e a r i n g, th e sh a lt be i n g sus ta i n e d by w a t e r ( o r p r efe r ably o i l) p re s sure .

123 6 . V e r ti c a l sh a ft, w i th c o n e r o lle rs .

123 7. V e r ti c a l sh a ft, w i th ba ll be a ri n g.

1238 . V e r ti c a l sh a ft, fla n ge d a n d c o n e d fo r c o n e ro lle r s.123 9 . O r d i n a ry sw i v e lli n g c a sto r .

1240 . B a ll c a s to r .

Se ct io n 71 .

— RO P E,BE LT

,AND C HAI N P U LLEYS.

(Se e a lso Se c tio n1241 . Pull e y fo r r oun d r o p e w i th o ut a n y grip .

12 l2 . R o u n d gr o o v e d p ulle y fo r roun d ro p e w i th gr ipp i n g s n ugs .

1 243 . V p ulle y fo r r o un d r o p e ; p i th e a d pu lle y .

Pulle y fo r w i r e r o p e tr a n sm i s s i o n ,h igh sp e e d w i th w o o d

b e d d i n g. Se e Se c tio n 6 6 , N o . 1202 .

M ultip le r o p e gr ip p i n g p ull e y fo r r o p e d rivi n g. Se e Se c t io n 6 6 ,No . 1200 .

1244. B e lt p ulle y , fla t fa c e .

12 15 . B e lt p ulle y , c ro w n fac e . Th e rou n d i n g te n d s to ke ep th e be ltfrom run n i n g o ff .

1246 . F la n ge d b e lt p ull e y .

1217. Sp e e d c o n e fo r b e lt.1248 . R oun d gr o o v e d c h a i n p ulle y .

IQ S I I

THE E NGINEER’

S SKETCH-B OOK.

’228 ‘

rac e .

12 3 2 .

'9 3 5 °

12 3 6 .

12 3 9 .

1247.

12 3 0 .

123 3 .

l2 3 7 .

i24 1 .


S SKE TCH -B OOK.

1249 . D o ub le gr o o v e d c h a i n p ull e y ; p re ve n ts th e c h a i n twi s ti n g.

1250. Pi tc h e d c h a i n s n ug p u l l e y o r sp r o c k e t p ul le y . Th e p i tc h

o f s n ugs sh o uld be sl i gh tly l o n ge r th a n th e c h a i n,to a llow fo r we ar

a n d s tre t c h i n g o f th e c h a i n .

125 1 . C h a i n sp r o c k e t W h e e l, fo r lo n g li n k c h a i n a t slow sp e e d s .

1252 . S p r o c k e t w h e e l , fo r lo n g fla t li n k p i t c h e d ch a i n s .

1253 1254. S e c ti o n s o f r im sh ow i n g s i n gle a n d d ouble li n k s .

125 5 . Sp r o c k e t w h e e l , fo r Ewart’

s p ate n t p itch e d c h a i n s . Se e Ch a i n s

&e ., Se c t io n 1 1 .

Se ct io n 72 .— R I D D L I N G AND SC R E EN I N G .

S qu a r e m e sh w i r e gauz e .

Pe r fo r a te d p la te .

Pa r a lle l b a r s o r w i r e s .

H e x ago n o r tr i a n gu la r m e sh w i r e w o rk .

S li t a n d s qua r e h o le p e r fo r a ti o n s , us e d fo r se e d s,

A fo rm o f va ri abl e m e sh i s m a n ufa c ture d by p ara ll e l s e ri e s o f

d iago n a l bars jo i n t e d by p i n s to sli d i n g c ro s s-ba rs, s o tha t th e

a n gle o f th e m e sh bars c a n b e alte re d a n d thus th e Spa c e s

re d uc e d o r e n la rge d , o n th e sam e p ri n c ip le a s No . 617.

S lo p i n g s c r e e n .

C y li n d r i c a l o r s lo p e r e e l s c r e e n .

C y li n d r i c a l gr a d ua te d s c r e e n o r s i z e r .

R o ta r y s c r e e n,w i th ro lli n g be vi l ge ar m o ti o n . Se e No . 71 1 .

R o ta ry h o r i zo n ta l s c r e e n .

S h a k i n g o r Ji ggi n g s c r e e n . Som e tim e s supp li e d w ith a blas t

o r a sp i ra to r to c arry ofl th e li gh te r p art ic le s .

E c c e n tr i c o r a n gula r b a r r e l s c r e e n o r m ix e r .

Ai r b la s t s i z i n g o r gr a d ua ti n g a p p a r a tus .

E d i s o n’

s m a gn e ti c s i z i n g a p p a r a tus fo r i r o n o r ste e l p arti c le s .


1 56 THE E NGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

1270 . G r a d ua ti n g o r s i z i n g s c r e e n s , e ith e r fixe d a s sh o w n o r k ep t

i n m o t io n like N o . 126 6 .

Se e a lso Co n c e n tr a t i n g a n d S e par a t i n g, Se c ti o n 26.

Se ct io n 73 .

— RAI L AND TRAM ROADS.

1271 . S qua r e b a r r a i ls .

1272 . L-i r o n tr am r o a d ; o fte n m ad e o f c a st iro n w i th th e jo i n tsd o ve -ta i le d toge th e r.

1273 . T-i r o n tr am r o a d .

1274. Tr am r o a d , w ith fla n ged p late s fo r o rd i n ary v eh i c le s .

1275 . Tr am r o a d , wi th o n e c h a n n e l p la te a n d o n e fla t p la te .

1276 . B r i d ge r a i l .

B ulb -h e a d fla n ge d r a i l.

D o ub le h e a d e d r a i l.

“ B a r low r a i l .

B ulb r a i l .

F lush gr o o v e d tr am w ay r a i l . Se e No s. 183 9 1841.

R o lle d jo i s t r a i l .

B ulb -i r o n r a i l .

1 384. E d ge’s p a te n t p e r fo r a te d r a i l a n d to o th e d W h e e l .

Ma n y fo rm s o f c ombi n e d c h a i r an d sle e p e r ar e m a n ufa c tur e d i n

wr o ugh t i r o n a n d ste e l.

1285 . L e ft-h a n d sw i tc h .

1286 . S h u n ti n g c a r r i a ge , fo r tra n sve rse sh un t i n g ; c arri e s a sh o rt

s e c ti o n o f th e m a i n ro ad a n d ru n s ac ro s s i t o n i n d e p e n d e n t r a i ls

la i d o n a l ow e r le ve l ; o fte n use d i n ste ad o f a turn tabl e fo r

sh un t i n g.

1287. Tr am w ay sw i tc h .

i 2 7 5 .

1276 .

128 0 .

TH E ENGI NEER’

S SKETCH -B OOK.

i2 8 5 .

12 8 6 .

12 75 .


S SKETCH -B OOK.

1288 . R igh t a n d l e ft-h a n d sw i tc h a n d c r o s s i n g, sh owi n g ar ra n gem e n t o f gua rd -ra i l s .

1289 . Fla t b a r o n e d ge ra i l .

Se e Se c ti o n 99 fo r o th e r s e c ti o n s o f r a i ls.

Sect io n 74.

— R EV E RS I N G G EAR .

Fo r Re ve rs i n g Ge ar o f Ste am E n gi n e s , se e Se c tio n 79.

R e v e r s i b l e d r i v i n g m o ti o n by Op e n a n d c ro sse d be lts , w ith twolo o se a n d o n e fa s t pulley s .

R e v e r s i b l e d r iv i n g m o ti o n by s i n gle be lt , two fast pulleys a n do n e lo o se d i tto a n d be v i l ge a r , o n e bev i l p i n i o n h a vi n g a s le e veto wh i ch i ts fa st p ulle y i s k eyed , th e o th e r b e vi l p i n io n be i n g

k ey e d to th e sh aft .

1292 . R e v e r s ib le d r iv i n g m o ti o n by s i n gle b e lt , with quick a n d slowm o ti o n s a m o d ific a t i o n o f th e la st .

1 293 . B y d oub le c lutc h a n d b e v i l ge a r .

1294. R e v e r s i n g fr i c ti o n c o n e s o r b e v i l s .

1295 . Th r e e -W h e e l ge a r . Th e d rivi n g Wh e e l A c a n be put i n to ge a re i th e r w i th th e d rive n wh e e l 0 o r i d le wh e e l 8 .

1296 . D o ub l e c lutc h a n d sp ur ge a r re ve rs i n g m o t io n,w i th i d le

wh e e l.

1297. R e v e r s i n g p i n i o n s , a s use d o n th e o rd i n ary sc rew-c utti n g lath e .

Th e re ar e m a n y va ri e t i e s o f th i s ge ar i n use .

Ap p l i c a ti o n o f s i n gle b e lt ge a r t o No . 129 6 .

S e lf-r e v e r s i n g ge a r , w i th o n e b e lt, two fa s t a n d o n e lo o sep ulle ys . Th e large spur wh e e l i s d rive n from th e be vi l g e a r ,a n d c a rri e s th e w e igh te d le ve r p a st th e ve rt ic al p o s i ti o n by a s to p

o n th e fa c e -p la te o r d is c , wh e n i t fa l ls o ve r a n d re ve rse s th e be l tfork . Se e No . 1026 .


I 6 0 THE ENGI NEER’

S SKETCH -B OOK.

13 00 . S e lf-r e v e r s i n g ge a r , a s app l i e d to p la n i n g m ach i n e s . Th e s te p s

c a n be s e t a t a n y re quire d d i sta n c e apar t , to a lte r th e l e n gth o f

trave l o f th e m a c h i n e be d . Th i s p lan r e qui re s a h e avy table toc arry th e be lt a c ro ss th e lo o se pulley to th e o th e r fa s t pul ley .

R e v e r s ib le b e lt-sh i fti n g h a n d ge a r .

R igh t a n d le ft h a n d s c r ew r e v e r s i n g tr av e r s e m o ti o n .

E a ch le ve r h a s a h a lf n ut,wh i ch c a n b e put i n ge ar wi th th e

sc rew to d rive e i th e r way . Se e a l so No . 1 63 .

1303 . B e s t fo rm o f fa s t a n d lo o s e p ul le y s fo r o p e n a n d c ro sse dbe lt r e ve r s i n g ge ar , a s us e d i n No . 1290 ; the fa st pul ley i s rath e rlarge r i n d iam e te r th an th e two loo se o n e s .

1304. Si n gle -b e lt r e v e r s i n g p ulle y s , th e re ve rse m o t i o n o n th e sh aft

be i n g obta i n e d by i n te rc e p ti n g a n i d le wh e e l A be twe e n th e

e p i cyc lo id a l wh e e l 8 a n d th e sh aft p i n io n C ,th e m id d le pulley

b e i n g th e lo o se o n e ; th e i d le wh e e l i s c ar r ie d by a fixed bracke ta n d p i n .

No rm— R e ve rs ible m o t io n c a n be obta i n e d d ire c t from a n y s te am

e n gi n e fitte d w i th r e ve rs i n g m otio n . Se e V alve Mo tio n s ,

N o . 143 6,&c .

Se gm e n t Re ve rs i n g Ge ar, No . 724.

Se ct io n 75 .

— ROTARY E N G I N ES, P UMPS, &c .

Ne arly al l ro ta ry e n gi n e s c a n b e use d e i th e r a s m o to r s , pump s , blow e rs , o rm e te r s , a n d m o s t o f th e fo llowi n g typ i c a l d e vi c e s h ave b e e n

appli e d to al l four purp o se s . Mo st o f th em ar e r e ve rs ible bys imp ly r e ve r s i n g th e d i r e c tio n o f th e m oto r flui d .

1305 . D i s s t o n’s use d a s a p r e ssure blowe r .

1306 . R o o t’s , b low e r a n d p um p .

1307. R o o t’s .

1308. M a c k e n z i e ’s m ay h ave o n e , two , o r th re e van e s.

1309 . G o uld ’s .

13 10 . B agle y a n d S ew a l l ’s .

13 1 1 . G r e i n d l’s r o ta ry p um p .

13 12 , 13 15 . V a r i e ti e s o f i n t e rge a r e d p i s to n r o ta rye n gi n e s .

THE ENGI NEER'

S SKE TCH -B OOK.

13 0 3 .

i 3 0 5 .

‘SM .

B OG .

13 09 .

1 6 2 THE ENGINEER’

S SKE TCH -B OOK.

13 16 . Th e sm a ll c r e s c e n t-sh a p e d p i s to n re vo lve s th re e t im e s to

o n e re vo lutio n o f th e th re e -arm e d p i s to n .

13 17. Th e h i n ge d s h utte r i s th row n out o f th e way e ac h t im e th e

re vo lvi n g a rm p asse s i t .

13 18. S li d i n g s h utte r a n d c am p i sto n d e vi c e .

13 19 13 20. V a r i e ti e s o f th e “ R o o t ” e n gi n e .

13 21 . Th e h i n ge d v a n e s a r e c lo se d up o n th e re vo lv i n g p i s to n a s th ey

p a ss th e fla t s id e o f th e c a s i n g.

1322 . H a s a n e c c e n tr i c p i sto n a n d tw o h i n ge d v a n e s .

13 23 . E c c e n tr i c p i s t o n a n d s l i d i n g d i a p h r a gm .

13 24. Kle i n ’s m o ti o n . Th e e c c e n tri c ri n g re vo lve s i n c o n ta c t w i th th e

i n n e r a n d o ute r c a s i n gs , but i s p re ve n te d from re vo lvi n g o n i ts

axis by th e fixe d sh utte r a n d slo t.

13 25 . B a k e r’s p r e s sur e b low e r .

13 26 . A m o d ific a ti o n o f N o . 13 2 3 .

13 27. Th e e c c e n tr i c r i n g re vo lve s o n i ts c e n tre , a llowi n g th e va n e s toa l te rn a te ly p roje c t i n to th e s te am spa c e. a s th e wh e e l re vo lve s .

13 28. I v o r y’

s . A n e c c e n tri c c am a n d two sli d i n g sh utte rs , w i th a c e n tr a l

ste am i n le t .

13 29 . M e llo r ’s h a s a ro c ki n g va n e o sc i lla te d by a n e c c e n tri c p i s to n

c a r ri e d ro un d by a c ra n k .

133 0. E c c e n tr i c p i s t o n a n d tw o s l i d i n g v a n e s o r s te am s te p s .

13 3 1 . D i ff e r e n ti a l r o ta ry e n gi n e , w i th e l l ip t ic a l ge a r ( se e Se c t io no r Ste wa rt ’s d i ffe re n t ia l ge ar (No . 5 54) m ay be em p loy e d .

Th e “ T ow e r sp h e r i c a l e n gi n e i s a w e ll-k n ow n fo rm o f

ro ta ry e n gi n e . Se e E n gi n e e r , Augus t l 0 th ,1883 .

13 32 . A n e c c e n tr i c fo u r -a rm e d p i s to n ,w i th four ro lli n g s top p e rs

o r p a c k i n gs .

13 3 3 . M e llo r ’s p a te n t p um p h a s a ro cki n g van e o r p a rti ti o n , w i thp a ck i n g d ev i c e wh i c h a c c omm o d a te s i tse lf to th e r e vo lvi n g o va lp is to n .



S SKETCH -B OOK.

B i s s c h o p’s d i s c e n gi n e , w i th th re e o r fo ur c yli n d e rs , s in gle

a c t i n g, wh o se ram s p re ss a lte rn a t e ly o n th e e d ge o f th e d i sc .

An o th e r fo rm o f d i s c e n gi n e , i n wh i ch p art i tio n s (ri s i n g a n d

falli n g ve rti c a lly ) fo rm th e ste am s te p s .

A m o d ific a ti o n o f 13 16 .

R o ta ry o r c e n tr i fuga l p um p o r fa n ,n um e rous vari e ti e s of wh i c h

ar e i n us e . Ma n y o f th e late r fo rm s, a s Bla ckm a n

’

s a n d o th e rs,

h ave th e va n e s fixe d d iago n a lly s o a s to p rop e l th e a ir a t righ ta n gle s to th e p la n e o f m o tio n .

Sect io n 76 .

— SHAFTI N G .

Emp loy e d to c o n vey m o t i o n from a m o to r to va ri ous fo rm s o f dr ive nm ach i n e ry by ge a r i n g o f var i ous ki n d s . Se e Se c tio n s 3 , 1 1 , 3 8 ,40, a n d 84.

Ma te r ial s em p loye d a re z—Roun d , squar e , o r p o lygo n a l wrough t iro n o r s te e l ba rs ,c a st ir o n , woo d , ir o n o r ste e l tube s , p la n ish e d roun d ir o n a n d ste e l ba r s , &c .

S tow ’

s fle x ib le s h a fti n g. Se e No . 442 .

13 3 8. L o n gi tud i n a l s e c ti o n o f a c a s t-i r o n sh a ft. Th e s e ar e som e

t im e s m a d e o f a X se c t io n .

3 3 9 . W o o d e n s h a ft wi th e n d fe r rule s a n d ir o n e n d c e n tre s .

13 40 , 1 341 , 1342 . E n d v i ew a n d s e c ti o n s o f d i tto,so lid h e xago n al

a n d h o llo w c i rc ular.1343 , 1344, dz 1345 . Ar r a n gem e n ts o f l i n e sh a fti n g i n a m ach i n e

sh op o r fa c to ry , w i th o r w i th out ove r h e ad tr ave llin g c r an e .

1346 . E x am p le o f a l i n e sh a ft,sh owin g be ari n gs ( se e Se c ti o n

c oup l i n gs ( se e Se c t i o n pul leys (s e e Se c t io n an d ge ari n g( s e e Se c t io n s 3 ,Sh a fts to be use d a s ro lle rs ar e usua lly m a d e h o llow of wrough ti ro n o r o th e r m e tal tube

,ti n p la te , z i n c p la te , o r sh e e t i ro n

rive te d o r s om e tim e s , as No . 1 342, o f w o o d laggi n gs fix e d to

s o lid p o lygo n a l bl o c ks o r c e n tre s , e i th e r c o n ti n uous o r i n sh o rtp i e c e s fixe d a t i n te rva ls .

Se e a lso n e xt Se c ti o n

Se ct io n 77.

— SP I N D LES AND C E NTR ES.

Sp i n d le w i th sun k e n d b e a rin gs .Sp i n d le w i th o n e sun k be ari n g a n d o n e c o llar.Pla i n sp i n d le w i th two lo o s e c o llars . Wh e re p e d e stals w i th

l o o s e c ap s a r e use d ( se e Se c t i o n 46) th e c o ll ars m ay be so l id w i th

th e sp i n d le , but w i th a lo n g sh aft th e c o llars sh ould be a t o n e

e n d o n ly a s sh ow n ,t o a llow o f e xpa n s io n . A wh e e l fre que n tly

o c c up i e s th e p la c e o f o n e o r bo th c o llars , a n d se rve s th e sam e

purp o se .

13 4 0 .

THE EN GI NEER’

S SKETCH -B OOK.

13 3 8 .

13 3 9 .

13 4 1.

13 4 3 .

13 4 6 .

1 6 5

1 6 6 THE ENGI NEE R’

S SKE TCH -B OOK.

C o n e d c e n tr e,fixe d .

13 5 1 . C o lla r c e n tr e p i n o r s tud b o lt,fixe d .

1 3 52 . C o n e d c e n tr e fo r ro lle r o r s im i l ar d e ta i l , d rive n i n p la c e .

13 53 . Pa r a ll e l c e n tr e fo r ro lle r o r s im i lar d e ta i l,k e ye d i n p la c e .

13 54. S qua r e c e n tr e fo r c ra n e barre l , &c . Se e N o s . 6 34 a n d 6 3 5 .

1 3 55 1 3 5 6 . L a th e h e a d s to c k sp i n d le s , so li d o r h o llow ; som e tim e s

m a d e w i th c o n i c a l a n d som e t im e s w i th p a ralle l n e c ks .

13 57. C o n i c a l c r a n e p o s t .

13 58 . C o n i c a l c a r t a x le .

13 5 9 . U n i v e r s a l c e n tr e s,em p loy e d to allow o f a m a ch i n e (o r p art o f

d i t to ) , suc h a s a d ri ll , to be a djus te d a t a n y p o ss ible a n gl e , th e

m a c h i n e be i n g fixe d to o n e e n d o f ba r A.

13 60 . R a i lw ay c a r r i age a x le . Fo r c ra n k e d axle s , se e Se c tio n 10.

1 3 6 1 . Squ a r e n e c k c e n tr e b o lt. Th e squa r e n e ck p re ve n ts th e bo lttur n i n g a n d lo o s e n i n g th e n ut .

13 62 . C o n e d a n d c o tte r e d c r a n k p i n o r c e n tre , som e tim e s s e c ure dby a n ut

,a s N o . 13 50.

13 6 3 . C e n tr e p i n a n d b r a c k e t, a djustable to va ri ous a n gl e s .

13 6 4 13 6 5 . Tw o m e th o d s o f s e c ur i n g e n d o f r o d t o a n y s o l i d

p a r t o f m a c h i n e us e d fo r ste am h amm e r h e ad s .

13 6 6 . H o llow p o s t c e n tr e , w i th wa te r o r ste am c h a n n e l to a llow fo r

sw ive l l i n g.

13 67. G r o up o f s le e v e c e n tr e s,em p loy e d t o a llo w o f s e ve ra l p a i rs o f

le ve r o r wh e e l m o tio n s be i n g tak e n i n d e p e n d e n tly o n a s i n gle sh a ft .

13 68 . O r d i n a ry c e n tr e p i n , w i th n ut , wa sh e r, a n d sp li t p i n .

13 6 9 . O r d i n a ry c e n tr e p i n ,w i th sp lit p i n a n d wa sh e r.


1 6 8 THE ENGI NEER’

S SKE TCH -B OOK.

Se ct io n 78 .

— SC R EW G EAR,BO LTS

,&c .

1370 . Squa r e th r e a d s c r ew . Si n gle , d ouble , o r m ultip le th re a d .

1371. V th r e a d s c r ew .

13 72 . E n la rge d s e c ti o n o f V th r e a d .

13 73 . S tr o n ge s t th r e a d wh e n th e s tra i n is a lway s i n o n e d i re c tio n .

13 74. R o un d th r e a d s c r ew .

1375 . G e a r e d th r e a d,to be us e d w i th o rd i n ary wh e e l t e e th

,th e s e c t io n

o f th re ad b e i n g th at o f a r a ck o f th e sam e p i tch as wh e e l.

13 76 . E a r t h s c r ew ,sc r e w p i le , sc re w m o o ri n g, e arth bo re r . Se e No .

530 .

1377. F ix e d s c r ew,w i th h an d wh e e l to r e vo lve th e n ut , th e s c rew

h avi n g n o r otati o n .

13 78 . C o n i c a l s c r ew ; use d fo r c hucks , &c . With two ,th r e e , o r m o re

s li d i n g jaw s c h ase d to fit th e c o n i c a l thr ead .

1379 13 80 . D i ff e r e n ti a l s c r ew s . O n e fixe d , th e o th e r r e vo lvi n g,im par t a m o tio n e qua l to th e d i ffe re n c e o f p itc h o f th e two sc re ws

( se e Se c t i o n Se e No . 143 0.

13 81 . S c r ew ,w i th h a lf n ut ; th e be ar i n gs o f th e sc rew be i n g fixe d a c t

as a fulc rum fo r th e m o t io n o f th e h alf n ut , wh i c h m ay be

a tta ch e d to a n y sli d i n g d e vi c e ; em p loy ed fo r jaw c h ucks .

1 3 82 . S c r ew a n d w o rm ge a r , use d fo r s c rew jack s , &c . Th e w o rm

ge ars w i th a w o rm wh e e l h av i n g a c e n tra l n ut run n i n g o n th e

m a i n sc rew.

1 383 . Muti la te d s c r ew a n d n u t . I n o n e p o s i t io n th e n ut c a n sli d eo n th e s c r ew ,

a n d a p artial turn lo c ks i t . Us e d fo r i n s tan ta n e ous

gr ip vi c e s , &c .

1 3 84. Sp i r a l w o rm fo r th r e e o r four jaw c hucks , e xpan d in g d e v ic e s , &c .

Se e Se c tio n s 28 a n d 3 6 .

13 85 , 13 86 , 1387. S c r ew d r iv e r h e a d s fo r sc r ews .

13 88 13 89 . H e x ago n a n d squa r e h e a d s fo r o r d i n ary sp an n e rs.

13 90 . Fo rm o f h e a d re qui ri n g sp e c ia l span n e r o r p o i n te d bar .

13 8 4 .

THE ENGI NEER’

S SKE TCH -B OOK.

13 75 . 13 74 . 13 7 5 .

13 7 2 .

13 78 .

13 7 9 . 13 8 L

13 8 0 .

13 8 5 .

13 8 9 .

13 8 2 .

13 8 IV .

1 6 9

1 70

13 91 .

13 92.

13 93 .

13 94.

13 95 .

1 3 96 .

13 97.

13 98 .

13 99 .

1400.

1401 .

1402 .

1403 .

1404.

THE ENGI NEER’

S SKE TCH -B OOK.

Cy l i n d e r h e a d b o lt, w i th d ri l l e d h o l e s a n d sp e c ial sp a n n e r.

Cy l i n d e r h e a d , but w i th flute s i n s te a d o f h o le s fo r sp a n n e r

C y li n d e r h e a d , but w i th two fla ts c ut o n th e h e ad to sui t a n

o rd i n ary sp a n n e r.

S o c k e t h e a d , to re c e ive a se c o n d s c rew.

E y e b o lt.

Th um b s c r ew .

Th um b o r sh utte r s c r ew .

M i lle d h e a d s c r ew .

T h e a d s c r ew .

Th um b o r fly n ut a n d s c r ew .

H e x a go n c o lla r s tud to re c e ive a n ut o r oth e r fem ale s c rew e dfixi n g.

B o lt h e a d fo r fo rke d sp an n e r, us e d fo r sun k o r c o un te rsun k h e a d s .

H e x a go n h e a d ,w i th solid wa sh e r o r c o lla r.

T h e a d b o lt fo r T gro o ve s i n c a st i n gs .

1405 1406 . C o un te r sun k h e a d s .

1407.

1408.

1409 .

E y e b o lt, w i th flat s id e s a n d s tr a igh t ey e fo r a p i n o r bo lt.

S n a p h e a d .

H o o k b o lt.

1410 1411 . L ew i s b o lts , r ag b o l ts.

1412 . C o tte r e d b o lt.

1413 , 1414, 1415 . L ew i s b o lts a n d k e y p i e c e s .


1 72 THE ENGINEER S SKE TCH B OOK.

141 6 . C o lla r stu d .

1417. Sp li t sp r i n g h e a d b o lt.1418 . H o o k b o lt.

1419 . S o l i d h e a d a n d c o lla r b o lt, b e d b o lt.1420 1421 . H e a d s fo r b o lts to s l i d e a n d turn i n T gro ove s o f p lan i n g

m a c h i n e s , &c .

1422 . C o u n te r su n k b e d b o lt. B o i le r s tay .

1423,1424

,1425 . M e th o d s o f fi n i sh i n g s c r e w h e a d s to p re ve n t

c a tc h i n g p a ss i n g a rt i c l e s .

1426 . S c r e w h e a d , w i th c ro ss d o ve ta i l s to c a rry a k e y o r s c re w i n g le ve r1427 1428 . R igh t a n d le ft-h a n d s c r e w c o up li n gs fo r t i e ro d s , &c1429 . R i n g c o up l i n g fo r 2 , 3 , 4 o r m o re r o d e n d s fo r t ie bra c i n g .

143 0 . R igh t a n d le ft-h a n d s c r ew c o up li n gs wi th h a lve d e n d s t o

p re ve n t th e ro d s tur n i n g m ay b e m ad e w i th o n e fin e a n d o n e c o a rs eth re a d fo r d i ffe re n t ia l m o ti o n

,o r w i th righ t a n d l e ft-h a n d th re a d s .

143 1 . R ifli n g, a s us e d i n o rd n a n c e,&c . ,

i . e . a n i n te rn a l m ultip l e s c re wth re a d o f ve ry lo n g p i tc h .

143 2 . S c r e w s p a n n e r ; th e w e igh t p re ve n ts i t wo rk i n g lo o s e .

143 3 . B e lt s c r ew .

1434. G i b c o tte r b o lts .

Se e a l so p ip e c oup li n gs , No s . 1071 , 1072 , 1073 , 1074,1075 , a n d

Fo r Sp ira l w o rm s a n d c re e p e rs , se e Se c t io n 57.

Sp ira l p um p , N o . 1022 .

N o te th at i t i s p o s s ibl e to c o n s truc t a sc re w w i th a n i n c re a s i n g o r

d e c re a s i n g p i t c h , a s i s d o n e w i th th e sc rew p rop e lle r. Se e als oN o . 13 78 .

Double s c re w ge ar . N o . 727.

S n a i l w o rm ge a r, N O . 73 0 .

W o rm a n d c rown ge ar, No . 73 3 .

W o rm a n d sp i ra l ge a r, s e e Se c ti o n 84.

Se ct io n 79 .

— SL I D E AND OTH E R VALV E G EAR .

I t wo uld b e n e i th e r e a sy n o r us e ful , be s i d e s be i n g b e y o n d th e s c o p e o f th i s

w o rk,to a t tem p t to i l lustra te a l l th e vari e ti e s o f ge ar em p loy e d

t o w o rk th e va lve s o f s te am a n d o th e r m o to r e n gi n e s . I sh allth e re fo re o n ly i l lustra te th e m o re im p o rta n t typ e s i n ge n e ra l use ,th e d e ta i ls o f wh i c h m ay b e va ri e d t o sui t i n d i vi d ua l c a s e s .

143 5 . I s t h e o r d i n a r y s li d e v a lv e ge a r w i th s i n gl e e c c e n tric fo re n gi n e s run n i n g a lw ay s i n o n e d ire c t i o n .

143 6 . O r d i n a r y l i n k m o ti o n r e v e r s i n g ge a r w i th two e c c e n tri c s ;th e li n k ,

h avi n g a sh i f t i n g m o ti o n,i s s o a rra n ge d th a t e ith e r

e c c e n tri c c a n b e put i n to ge ar w i th th e s l i d e va lve,th e o th e r

e c c e n tri c run n i n g i d le ; o r w h e n i n th e m id p o s i tio n , a s i n ske tc h,

b o th e c c e n tri c s run i d l e an d th e slid e va lve h a s n o m o t i o n .

By s e tti n g th e l i n k a t i n te rm e di a te p o s i t io n s th e tra ve l o f th e va lvec a n b e va ri e d , a n d c o n se que n tly th e cut o ff a lso W i th i n c e rtai n .lim i ts .

THE ENGI NE ER’

S SKE TCH B OOK.

l4 2 0 .

I4ZS . l4 2 5 .

I4 2 8 .

14 3 0 .

14 5 2 .

J4 6 6 .

{4 3 4

I 74 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

143 7. N i c h o ls o n ’s p a te n t r e v e r s i n g ge a r , w i th out e c c e n tri c s . Th e

d raw i n g e xp la i n s i tse lf. Th i s ge a r c a n n o t b e ru n i n th e i n te rm ed ia te p o si ti o n s , a s a l i n k m o tio n to vary th e c ut o ff . Th i s

l im i ts i ts use ful n e s s to s im p le re ve rs i n g o n ly .

Au tom a ti c go v e r n o r e xp a n s i o n fo r s i n gle e c c e n tr i c e n gi n e ; th ep o s i t io n o f th e c o n n e c ti n g r o d e n d i n th e sw i n gi n g li n k i s d e p e n de n t o n th e go ve rn o r, a n d thus a ls o th e trave l o f th e slid e va lve .

143 9 . S i d e sh a ft m o ti o n fo r op e ra ti n g Co rn i sh , Co rli ss , a n d Sp i n d leva lve s . Th e valve s c a n be d rive n from th i s sh aft by c am s

,

e c c e n tri c s , o r ge ari n g .

1440 . G a b l e v e r fo r th ro w i n g th e e c c e n tri c o ut o f ge ar a n d thus s topp i n gth e e n gi n e .

1441 . S e c to r a n d li n k r e v e r s i n g m o ti o n fo r o s c i lla t i n g e n gi n e ;s om e tim e s a sh ifti n g e c c e n tri c i s us e d i n ste ad o f li n k m o tio n , a s

No . 1443 .

1442 . R e v e r s i n g s e c to r li n k m o ti o n fo r a n o sc illa t i n g e n gi n e ; th e

va lve i s o p e ra te d from th e li n k,th e an gle o f wh i c h i s alte re d by

th e h a n d l e ve r, th e re i s th e re fo re n o le a d t o th e va lve .

1443 . Sh i fti n g e c c e n tr i c a n d b a la n c e s om e tim e s us e d fo r r e ve rs i n gi n ste ad o f d o uble e c c e n tri c s a n d l i n k ; th e lo o se e c c e n tri c i sc arri e d roun d i n e i th e r d i re c t i o n by a ste p p i e c e o n th e sh aft

,

fixe d s o a s t o give th e c o rre c t l e a d bo th w ay s .

Mur d o c h ’s v a r i a b le e xp a n s i o n ge a r ( s e e Me cha n ic a l Wo r ld

,

Se p t em b e r 29th , 1888) h a s o n e e c c e n tri c wh i c h o p e ra te s a d oubl e

a rm le ve r,th e oute r e n d o f wh i c h m ove s a sl id i n g fulc rum a lo n g

th e va lve r o d l e ve r,s o th a t th e le ve rage o f th e va lve r o d le ve r

va ri e s a t d i ffe re n t p arts o f th e s troke . Th e slid i n g fulc rum i s

a ttach e d to a rad ius r o d .

Pr o e l l’s a utom a ti c e xp a n s i o n ge a r . Sh ow n app li e d to sp e c ial

d ouble b e a t va lve s,but i s som e t im e s ap p l i e d t o a sp e c i a l th ro ttle

va lve,a n d i s th e n app li c able to a n y o rd i n ary e n gi n e . Th e a c t io n

o f th e go ve rn o r a lte rs th e lap o f th e c a tc h e s up o n th e e n ds o f th e

valve le ve rs,thus va ry i n g th e tim e th a t th e valve s a r e k e p t ope n ;

th e c a tc h e s a r e c e n te re d o n a n o s c illa ti n g T le ve r, o p e ra te d froma n e c c e n tr ic o n th e m a i n sh a ft .

1446 . M a r sh a ll’s v a lv e ge a r , d rive n by o n e e c c e n tri c o n c ra n k sh aft .

Th e s e c to r ro cki n g c e n tre i s m o ve d a l o n g th e c urve d slo t tor e ve rse th e e n gi n e , givi n g sim ila r m o t i o n to th e va lve r e d a s i n

th e c a se o f th e o rd i n a ry li n k r e ve r sm g ge a r N o . 143 6 .


1 76

1448 .

1449 .

1450.

1451 .

1452 .

145 3 .

THE ENGINEER’

S SKETCH -B OOK.

Th e B r em m e v a lv e ge a r w i th s i n gle e c c e n tri c ; th e v alve r o d

i s o p e ra te d by a le ve r a n d b e n t c o n n e c t i n g r o d from th e e n d o f th e

e c c e n tri c r e d ; th e la tte r i s c o n s tra i n e d to m o ve i n an a r e by a

th re e-a a tta chm e n t to a fixe d be ari n g be h i n d th e e c c e n tri c r o d

an d a m o vable o n e at th e righ t-h a n d e n d o f th e h o r izo n ta l li n k .

To re ve rs e th e a rm a n d s e c to r a r e turn e d to th e d o tte d p o s iti o nby th e w o rm a n d h a n d wh e e l sh a ft .

Jo y’s v a lv e ge a r , o p e ra te d by a p i n o n th e c o n n e c ti n g r od . Th e

s lo tte d T le ve r i s c o n n e c te d t o th e h a n d le ve r fo r re ve rs i n g, a n dw h e n re ve rse d s ta n d s a t th e sam e a n gle from a ve rt i c a l li n e buto n th e Op p o si te s i d e . Th e fulc rum o f th e va lve r od le ve r h a s a

s li d i n g m o tio n i n th e s lo t o f th e T le ve r.

V a r i a b le e xp a n s i o n ge a r by h a n d p ow e r. Th e r e ar e m a n y

app l ic atio n s o f th i s typ e us e d to va ry th e trave l o f a c ut-o ff

va lve .

C o r li s s v a lv e ge a r , Op e ra te d by a s i n gle e c c e n tri c , h a s two

s te am a n d two e xh aus t va lve s s im ila r to No . 1642,w o rk e d from

p i n s o n a ro c k i n g w ri s t p la te . Th e ste am va lve s h ave trip s ,re gulate d by th e gove r n o r, o n a s im i la r p ri n c ip le to No . 1445 .

C r a n k sh a ft go v e r n o r w i th sh i fti n g e c c e n tri c : th e c e n tri fugala c ti o n o f th e w e i gh ts , a c ti n g aga i n s t sp ri n gs , i s use d to re vo lveth e i n n e r e c c e n tri c so a s to va ry th e th row o f th e m a in e c c e n t ri cfr om wh i c h th e slid e valve i s d rive n .

An o th e r fo rm : i n th i s a lso th e th row o f th e e c c e n tric i s var i e dby th e a c t io n o f th e go ve rn o r ba l l .

An o th e r fo rm o f a utom a ti c go v e r n o r e xp a n s i o n tr i p ge a ri n c o n n e c tio n w i th Co rn i sh va lve s ; a s i n gle e c c e n tr i c o p e ra te s th efour va lve s , a n d th e c o n ta c ts o f th e c a tc h e s a n d s te am va lvele ve rs ar e r e gul a te d by th e go ve rn o r, th e lowe r o r e xh aus t va lve sh avi n g a c o n sta n t m o tio n .


1454. D o ub l e a n gu la r s l i d e v a lv e fo r va ry i n g th e c ut o ff by a tra n sve rse m o ti o n give n to th e valve from outs id e , e i th e r by h a n d ge aro r by th e go ve rn o r, th e valve b e i n g m ad e w i d e r th a n th e va lvefac e

,as d o t te d li n e s .

1455 . H . Ja c k’s v a r i a b le e xp a n s i o n ge a r , w i th o n e e c c e n tri c .

Pa te n t No .9

145 6 . V a r i a b le c u t -o fi'

v a lv e o n th e ba c k o f th e m ai n sli d e , th e r o d o f

whi c h c an b e re vo lve d by h a n d o r from th e go ve rn o r to va ry th eo p e n i n g o f th e c ut o ff va lve s .

1457. A p la n t o e ffe c t th e s am e o bj e c t but by a c yl i n d r i c al c ut 0 60

valve .

1458 . E n gli sh ’s e xp a n s i o n ge a r . Two e c c e n tri c s . Th e e xp a n si o n

valv e h a s n o lap , a n d th e ge ar gi ve s a c o n sta n t r e la tive m o t i o n to

bo th va lve s .

1459. Tap p e t ge a r , som e tim e s use d fo r wate r-p r e ssur e e n gi n e s , &c .

Se ct io n 80 .

— SP R I N GS.

1460 . O p e n sp i r a l sp r i n g for te n s io n .

146 1 . C lo s e sp i r a l sp r i n g.

1462 . O p e n sp i r a l sp r i n g fo r c om p re ss io n .

1463 . O p e n s p i r a l sp r i n g ( square th re ad ) fo r c om p re ssio n .

1464. D o ub le v o lute c h a i r sp r i n g.

1465 . Sp i n d le -sh a p e d o p e n o r c lo s e sp i r a l sp r i n g fo r te n s io n .

146 6 . Pa r a lle l o p e n o r c lo s e sp i r a l sp r i n g w i th c o n e d e n d s.

1467 1468 . V o lute sp r i n gs .


l 80 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

146 9 . To r s i o n a l sp i r a l sp r i n g.

1470. W i r e sta p l e to r s i o n a l sp i r a l sp r i n g, us e d fo r h i n gi n g ; th e

e n d s o f th e wi re a r e be n t a t a righ t a n gle a n d d rive n i n to th e

wo o d .

1471 . F ix e d sp r i n g.

1472 1473 . S e a r sp r i n gs .

1474. F la t sp i r a l sp r i n g.

1475 . Pla te sp r i n g.

1476 . I n d i a rubb e r sp r i n g fo r te n sio n .

1477. W i r e sp r i n g.

1478 . R ib b o n sp r i n g fo r to r s io n .

1479 . C om p o un d rubb e r d i s c sp r i n g.

1480 . Ai r . c ush i o n o r sp r i n g p i sto n .

1481 . L am i n a te d p la te w ago n sp r i n g.

1482. Com p o u n d d i sh e d d i s c o r b e n t p la te sp r i n g.

1483 . L o o p sp r i n g.

1484. F la t sp i r a l sp r i n g, c lo c k sp r i n g o r c o i l sp r i n g.

1485 . Sp li t r i n g sp r i n g.

148 2 .


14 6 8 .

1 8 1

1 8 2 THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

1486 . Sp r i n g p o le fo r fo o t h am m e r m o t io n , &c .

1487 to 1489 . Sp r i n g w a sh e r s .

1490 . Sp i n d le -sh a p e d c om p r e ss i o n sp r i n g.

1491 . F la t sp i r a l sp r i n g fo r p i s to n ri n gs .

Se e a l so No s . 1729 , 6 3 0 , 1501 , 1503 , 1 1 , 767, 768 ; an d Se c t io n 3 5

(Elas ti c Wh e e ls) fo r o th e r fo rm s o f spri n gs a n d app li c a ti o n s o f

th em .

Fo r e quali si n g th e te n s io n o f a spri n g, se e No . 15 92 a n d 1602.

Sect io n 81 .—SAFETY AP P L IAN C ES FO R VAR I O U S U SES.

FO R H O I ST CAGE S,& c .

1492 . C am ge a r ; op e ra te s by grip p i n g th e w o o d gui d e s by a se rra te de c c e n tric c am surfac e o n th e bre akage o f th e re p e , th e c am b e i n g

pul l e d r oun d by a sp ri n g wh i c h i s ke p t out o f a c t i o n by th e

t e n si o n o f th e rop e un t i l i t br e aks .

S trut o r p aw l ge a r ; e xp lai n s i tse lf.

D o ub le w e d ge ge a r .

G o v e r n o r ge a r . Th e rop e a tta c h e d to th e c age d r ive s a gove rn o rac t i n g o n a brake o r c a tc h w h i ch i s th row n i n t o a c t i o n i f th e c age

ga i n s e xc e s s ive sp e e d , use d i n Attwo od B e ave r’

s Pa te n t ; Am e ri c a nE le va to r Cc .

,&c .

R a c k a n d p aw l ge a r .

C r o s s gr i p le v e r ge a r .

S a fe ty h o o k to p re ve n t a c c id e n t from ov e rwi n d i n g ; th e p r oje c ti n gh o rn s AA s trike th e e d ge s o f th e p la te 8 ,

a n d th row th e sh a c kleC a t to p out o f ge ar .

F o r h o i s t d o o r s th e be st app lia n c e i s a n o rd i n a ry sp ri n g lo ckop e n e d o n ly by a ke y , th e d o o rs b e i n g p ro vid e d w i th sp ri n gs toc lo se th em . V a ri ous autom a ti c d o o rs

,r e vo lvi n g sh utte rs

,a n d

o th e r d e vi c e s h ave also be e n tri e d . A s im p le a n d e ffe c tua l p r o

te c tio n i s a c o n t i n uous op e n-wo rk s c re e n woun d up o n a ro lle r a t

to p a n d bo ttom o f lift , a n d a t ta c h e d to th e to p a n d b o ttom o f

c age a n d ri s i n g a n d falli n g w i th i t , so th a t th e d o o rs i n to li ft a r ea l l c ove re d a t a l l t im e s e xc ep t th e o n e a t wh i c h th e c age h app e n s

to s ta n d .

S a fe ty v a lv e s ( se e Se c ti o n V ari ous autom a ti c a larm s ign a ls

ar e app li e d to bo i le rs to w arn aga i n s t low wate r o r e xc e s s ivep re ssure .

Autom a ti c v a lv e s a n d o th e r d e vi c e s ar e ap pl i e d to pum p i n g a n d

ste am e n gi n e s to p re ve n t run n i n g away . Se e n o te to Se c t io n 41 .



Se ct io n 82 .

— STEAM TRAPS.

To c o lle c t a n d d i s ch a rge c o n d e n s e d s te am from p i p e s , &c .

1499 . Tr a p o p e r a te d b y a m o d ifie d fo rm o f b a ll c o c k,wh i c h

ri s e s a s th e box fil l s wi th c o n d e n s e d w a te r a n d o p e n s th e d i sc h a rgev a lve .

1500. E ffe c ts t h e s am e o b j e c t b y a flo a ti n g b a s i n . Th e c o n

d e n s e d wa te r e n te rs th e box o uts i d e th e ba s i n ,fil l s i t , a n d l i fts th e

ba s i n wh i c h c lo s e s th e d i s ch arge outl e t ; wh e n th e bo x i s ful l

th e w a te r o ve rflows i n to th e ba s i n a n d s i n k s i t , th us o p e n i n g th e

o utl e t va lve .

1501 . T r a p Op e r a te d b y e xp a n s i o n o f a be n t sp ri n g wh i c h c l o s e s th e

va lve , o n th e p ri n c ip l e th at live s te am i s h o tte r th a n th e wate r

c o n d e n se d from i t .

1502 . T r e d go l d’s tr a p . Th e va lve i s o p e n e d by a s im p le floa t .

1503 . W i ls o n ’s tr a p , lik e 1501 , i s d e p e n d e n t o n th e d i ff e re n t e xp a n s i o n

o f a sp ri n g u n d e r th e d iffe re n c e o f te m p e ra ture o f th e s te am a n d

c o n d e n s e d wa t e r. I n th i s c a s e th e sp ri n g i s fo rm e d o f a s te e l a n dbra s s p la te rive te d t oge th e r.Th e re a r e m a n y o th e r fo rm s up o n s im i lar p ri n c ip le s to th e

fo rego i n g.

Se ct io n 83 .

— STARTI N G VALV ES.

Th e valve s us e d fo r s tarti n g s te am a n d o th e r e n gi n e s a r e usually m e re lyo f th e o rd i n a ry s c re w d ow n o r slid i n g typ e s . Se e Se c ti o n 89 .

Fo r s tart i n g a n d c o n tro lli n g a l l o th e r fo rm s o f re c ip ro c a t i n gc y l i n d e r m o to rs , suc h a s h yd ra ul i c l i fti n g c y li n d e rs a n d p re s se sfo r a ll purp o se s , th e o rd i n ary s l id e va l ve w i th e i th e r tw o o r

th re e p o rts i s th e c omm o n d e vi c e ; a lso th e o rd i n ary th re e o r

four w ay c o ck . Se e Se c ti o n 89 .

1504. L o c k e ’s 3 -w a y b a la n c e d v a lv e , wh i ch i s ba lan c e d i n a l l

p o s i t i o n s . A i s th e sup p ly , 8 th e c y l i n d e r bra n c h , a n d C e xh aust .

1505 . F e n b y’s 3 -w a y e qui li b r ium s ta r ti n g v a lv e . A supp ly ,

8 c yli n d e r bra n c h , O e xh aust .1 506 . Aux i li a r y v a lv e a n d p i sto n s to s tart large s l i d e va lve s to o

h e avy fo r d ire c t h a n d p o w e r. A 3 -way c o c k i s sh own a s th e

auxi li ary va lve , but a sm all sli d e va lve o r p i s to n va lve m ay be

sub s ti tut e d . Se e n o te a t fo o t o f Se c ti o n 93 , a lso N o s . 1740

a n d 1741 .

1507. Aux i l i a ry v a lv e a n d b e llow s fo r a i r,a s s om e tim e s us e d i n

la rge o rga n s to o p e n h e avy “

p al l e ts .

”

Th e sm a l l va lve A i s

O p e n e d by th e p re ssur e o f th e fin ge r o n th e c o rre sp o n d i n g ke y o f

k e ybo a rd , a n d a l lo ws th e p re s sure o f a i r to e n te r th e sm a ll b e llow swh i c h o p e ra te s th e la rge va lve 8 .

1508 . F o ur p lu n ge r v a lv e,

us e d fo r d ouble p ow e r hy d rauli c l iftc yli n d e rs em p loy i n g a tru n k p is to n . Fo r th e l ow p owe r th ep re s sure wa te r a c ts o n bo th s i d e s o f th e p i s to n ; fo r th e d ouble

p ow e r i t a c t s o n ly o n th e ba c k o f p i s to n ,th e f ro n t s id e b e i n g th e n

o p e n to th e e xh aust .

1509 . A s ta r ti n g v a lv e , h avi n g tw o o rd i n a ry w i n g o r sp i n d l e va lve s ,e i th e r o f wh i c h i s l i fte d by a d oubl e c am o r w ip e r o n a Sp i n d lep a s s i n g th ro ugh a s tuffin g box o n s id e o f va lve c a se . A supp ly ,

8 c yl i n d e r p o rt , C e xh aust.

149 9 .

15 0 2 .

15 0 5 .

Pul s e

( Y am


15 0 1 .

15 0 5 . 15 04 .

Pa n a s u

( Y uma

15 0 7 .

Exxa usr

15 0 0 .

15 0 9 .

C f x n

i

n us r

t r ua us r

1 8


15 10 & 15 11 . Tw o m e th o d s o f o p e r a ti n g s ta r ti n g v a lv e s fo r

hyd raul i c li ft i n g m a c h i n e s . 15 10 a c ts by c o un te r bal a n c e

w e igh ts a n d a s i n gl e ro p e , e a c h o f th e w e igh ts b e i n g h e avye n ough to m ove th e v a lve , a n d 15 1 1 by a n e n d le ss ro p e .

1512 . L ow p r e s sur e s ta r ti n g v a lv e , use d fo r p i s to n 1 h yd raulicc y l i n d e rs i n wh ic h th e l ift i n g i s p erfo rm e d by th e d ow n s trokeo f th e p i s to n r o d , a n d i n lo w e ri n g, th e valve a llow s th e wa te r top a ss from abo ve to be low th e p is to n ,

th e w a te r b e i n g e xh aus te dfrom be lo w th e p is to n o n i ts d o w n stroke wh e n th e valve is i n th ep o s i tio n sh o wn .

15 13 . O s c i lla ti n g v a lv e,w i th p lu n ge r fa c e k e p t up by a sp r i n g.

Th e o s c i lla t i n g va lve h a s tw o p o rts p a s s i n g o ut a t o pp o s i te e n d s ,

th rough s tuffin g boxe s , t o e th e r e n d o f th e c y l i n d e r ; th e i n le t i sa t to p a n d d is c h arge a t b o ttom .

B a la n c e d s e lf-a c ti n g s ta r ti n g v a lv e,

sui tab le fo r largem a c h i n e s a n d l o w p re s sure . Th e upp e r p i s to n i s large r th a n th elo we r

'

o r m a i n p i s to n ,a n d th e sp a c e ab ove th e upp e r p i sto n c a n

b e p ut i n c omm un i c a t io n w i th th e p re s sure wa te r be l o w i t , o r th ee xh aus t p o rt by th e sm a l l p i s to n va lve a t to p Op e ra t e d by th e

h an d ge ar ; s o th at th e m a i n p i s to n i s op e ra te d by th e p re ssurewa te r a c ti n g o n i t.

Se c t io n 84.- T OOTH ED G EAR I N G .

15 15 .

.

Sp ur ge a r i n g. Fo r c o n struc ti o n o f te e th s e e t e xt bo oks.

1 5 16 . Str o n ge s t fo rm o f sp u r te e th fo r m o t io n i n o n e d i re c t io n o n ly .

15 17. H a lf sh r o ud e d sp u r te e th .

W h o l e s h r o u d e d s p u r te e th .

D o ub l e h e l i c a l sp ur te e th,

s tro n ge r by 15 p e r c e n t . th a n

s tra igh t t e e th ; w o rk w i th o ut ba ckla s h o r n o i s e,a n d m ay be h a lf

o r wh o le s shr o ud e d ; s e c t io n o f to o th o n p l a n e o f m o ti o n i s th e

sam e a s th e o rd i n a ry sp ur te e th (NO .

1520. C r ow n w h e e l a n d p i n i o n .

L o n g te e th sp ur w h e e ls o r s ta r ”w h e e ls . Use d o n

ro l l e r m a n gle s , &c .,wh e re th e c e n tre s r i s e a n d fa ll.



Pla i n b e v i l ge a r ; sh a fts a t r igh t a n gle s .

Pla i n b e v i l ge a r ; sh a fts a t a c ute a n gle s.

Pl a i n b e v i l ge a r ; sh a fts a t ob tuse a n gle .

Pla i n b e v i l ge a r ; four sh afts a t righ t a n gle s .

Sk e W b e v i l s sh a fts n o t i n li n e w i th o n e a n o th e r .

N e r a — Wh e re th e p a i r a r e bo th o f sam e d i am e te r th ey a r e c alle dm i tre w h e e ls .

”

1 527. Sp u r W h e e l a n d p i n i o n ; to i n c re a s e o r d e c re a s e p o we r a n d

sp e e d th e d iam e te rs c a n b e va ri e d to a lm o s t a n y p r op o rtio n .

“ S c r e w ge a r s i n gl e h e l ic a l ge a r .

Sk eW Sp u r W h e e ls sh a fts n o t p a ra ll e l .

D r . H o o k e’s ge a r . Th re e o r m o re s e p ara te wh e e ls o f s im i lar o r

d i s s im i la r p i t c h fixe d toge th e r so a s t o d i vi d e th e p i tc h a n d

re d uc e ba c k la sh .

153 1 . Th e s am e r e sult o b ta i n e d b y tw o w h e e l s,o n e fixe d t o sh a ft

,

th e o th e r lo o s e a n d fo rc e d ro u n d b y a sp ri n g so a s to fo llow th ep i tc h o f th e p i n io n a n d d e s troy a ll bac k la sh .

153 2 . M o r ti s e w h e e l t e e th .

153 3 . M o r ti s e w h e e l te e th ; a n o th e r m e th o d .

NOTE .—Wo o d te e th a r e usually o n e -th i rd th ick e r th a n th e i ro n

te e th th ey ge a r i n t o .

1534. Pi n w h e e l a n d p i n i o n ge a r .

153 5 . L a n t e r n w h e e l .

153 6 . S c r ew ge a r , us e d i n p la c e o f be v il ge ar . Sh a fts a t righ t a n gle s ;te e th a t a n a n gl e o f

V a r i a b le s p e e d c o n e ge a r .

V a r i a b l e sp e e d s qu a r e ge a r .

V a r i a b le s p e e d o v a l o r e ll i p ti c a l ge a r .

I r r e gula r ge a r .

I n te r n a l o r e p i c y c lo i d a l ge a r . Se e No s . 550 a n d 1545 .

Use d fo r d i ffe re n t ia l blo c ks , &c . No te th a t bo th wh e e l a n d p i n io n

r un i n th e sam e d ire c ti o n , a n d th a t m o re te e th a r e in ge ar a t o n et im e th a n w i th e xte rn al ge ar a s No . 1 527.

15 2 9 .

15 3 0 .

18 3 9 .

THE ENGINEE R S SKE TCH -B OOK.

15 2 5 .

1 15 3 3 .

15 3 7 . 1 15 3 8 .

15 4 1.

1 89


1542 81 1543 . V a r i e ti e s o f “ m a n gle ge a r . Th e p i n io n b e i n g r e

vo lve d c o n t i n uously i n o n e d i r e c t io n p ro d uc e s a re c ip ro c a t i n gm o ti o n o f th e wh e e l ; th e p i n i o n sh aft trave ls from i n s id e th e

wh e e l to o uts id e, a n d v i c e ve r sé , by ri s i n g a n d falli n g i n th e slo t

i n th e fram e . Se e a ls o No . 423 .

1544. D i ff e r e n ti a l ge a r . Se e Se c ti o n 3 1. O n e wh e e l h a s o n e o r m o rete e th m o re th a n th e o th e r ; us e d fo r c o un te rs

,&c .

1545 . M o o r e’s p a te n t d i ff e r e n ti a l e p i c y c lo i d a l ge a r . Th e p i n i o n

a n d wh e e l a r e lo o se o n th e sh a ft a n d e c c e n tri c . O n e wh e e l h aso n e to o th m o r e th a n th e o th e r.

1546 . Multi p ly i n g b e v i l ge a r . A i s a fixe d wh e e l,th e c ro ss 0 i s

k e y e d to sh a ft,B lo o s e o n d i tt o

, D a n d E lo o s e o n C ; th e n B i sd rive n a t a sp e e d gre a te r th a n th e sh aft i n p rop o rti o n to th e

d iam e te rs o f th e ge a r. Se e Pa te n t No . 1884.

1547. D o ub le w o rm ge a r , righ t a n d l e f t h a n d th re ad s . N e utr a li se sth e e n d th rus t o n sh aft . A a n d B m ay b e ge are d toge th e r.

1548 . Po i n te d ge a r ; use d fo r l igh t w o rk a n d fo r m i n im um o f fri c tio n .

1549 . C urv e d w o rm ge a r , fo r h e a vy s tra i n s . Se ve ra l te e th a r e i n

ge a r a t o n c e , but th e th re ad , h avi n g a va ry i n g s e c t i o n a n d p itc h , i s

d iffic ul t to c ut .

1550. A n ti fr i c ti o n w o rm ge a r Th e wh e e l h a s fo ur

r o lle rs ; wh e n o n e p a ir i s n e arly o ut o f ge a r w i th th e w o rm,th e

n e xt p a ir i s c om i n g i n to ge ar. Th i s wo rm i s a ls o d i ffic ul t to out .

155 1. C r ow n w o rm ge a r .

1552 . B a ll j o i n t m i tr e ge a r .

1553 . M ulti p ly i n g r a c k ge a r . Th e upp e r m o vi n g ra c k i s d r ive n a t

tw i c e th e spe e d o f th e spur wh e e l r o d . Th e lowe r ra c k i s fixe d ;use d o n p la n i n g a n d p ri n t i n g m a c h i n e s .

15 54 to 15 57. V a r i e ti e s o f w o rm ge a r , w i th s tra i gh t, h o llowe d , a n d

c urve d te e th th e la tte r a r e str o n ge s t.

1558 . W o rm a n d r a c k ge ar .



1559 . D i ffe r e n ti a l w o rm ge a r . Th e w o rm ge a rs i n to two wh e e ls , o n e

1560 .

15 6 1 .

1562.

15 6 3 .

15 64.

15 65 .

15 6 6 .

h avi n g o n e to o th m o re th a n th e o th e r.Se e also Se c ti o n s 40 a n d 3 1 .

Se ct io n 85 .

— TRANSMI SS I O N O F POWER .

B y b e lt, c h a i n,o r r o p e . Se e Se c tio n s 3 , 6 6 .

B y sh a fti n g. Se e Se c t io n 76 .

B y ge a r i n g. Se e Se c t io n s 84 a n d 40.

B y s te am o r a i r c o n vey e d i n p ip e s (e la s t i c fluid s ) .B y w a t e r , gly c e r i n e , o r o i l c o n vey e d i n p ip e s ( n o n -e lasti cfluid s) .

B y s ti ff r o d s run n i n g o ve r guid e s .

By w i r e s o r r o p e s run n i n g o ve r guid e pulleys—wi r e r op e

tra n sm i ss io n . Se e Se c t io n 6 6 .

B y e le c tr i c i ty c o n vey e d alo n g w i re c o n d uc to r s .

Se ct io n 86 .

—TAN KS AND C ISTERNS.

Pla n o f s qua r e ta n k o f o rd i n ary fo rm ; fo rm e d o f c a st i r o nfla n ge d p la te s a n d wro ugh t i ro n t i e ro d s , th e jo i n ts a r e e i th e r m ad e

w i th rus t c em e n t o r p la n e d a n d jo i n te d wi th tap e a n d r e d le ad .

Pla n o f squa r e ta n k w i th ro un d e d a n gle s .

C i r c ula r ta n k . N o t i e ro d s re quire d .

E ll i p ti c a l ta n k . R e qui re s t ie ro d s a c ro s s th e flat s id e s .

Po lygo n a l t a n k . No ti e ro d s re quire dE le v a ti o n o f squa r e o r p o lygo n a l ta n k .

E le v a ti o n o f c y li n d r i c a l o r c i r c ula r ta n k .

15 67 1568 . C o n d e n s i n g o r c o o li n g ta n k s . Surfa c e c o n d e n se r s

wi th s lo p i n g t ray s o r tub e s .

1549 . W r o ugh t i r o n ta n k , usua l s e c t io n , fo rm e d o f sh e e ts a n d L i ro n srive te d toge th e r .

1570 1571 . C i r c ula ti n g o r d e p o s i ti n g ta n k s .

1572 . B o i le r s a d d le ta n k .

1573 . C i r c ula ti n g ta n k fo r h o t w a te r .

Th e le ve l o f wa te r m ay be m a i n ta i n e d i n ta n ks by e i th e r a n o ve rflo w p ip e o r n o tc h ,

o r by a ba l l c o ok o n th e supp ly p i p e .

Glas s w a te r gauge s c a n be fixe d o uts id e to Sh o w th e le ve l o f th ew a te r i n s i d e ; a n d flo a ts a r e use d

,a tta c h e d to a c o rd a n d

pull ey s , fo r th e sam e purp o s e . Se e a lso N o . 173 0 .

Se ct io n 87.—TH ROWI N G IN AND OUT O F G EAR .

1574. Th e d r i v i n g w h e e l i s lo o s e o n sh a ft, a n d i s lo ck e d to i ts sh a ft by

th e h a n d wh e e l n ut ( s e e NO . o r by a ra tc h e t wh e e l a n dl o cki n g p aw l.

1575 . Tw o h a lf-n uts a r e l ifte d i n o r o ut o f ge ar w i th th e s c re w by c am

o r le ve r m o ti o n . Se e No . 942 .

1576 . O n e sh a ft r u n s i n e c c e n tr i c b e a r i n gs , w h i ch c an be r e vo lve ds o a s to th ro w i t out o f ge ar w i th th e o th e r shaft.

1570 .


15 5 9 . 15 6 0 .

15 6 5 . 15 6 4 .

15 6 8 .

15 7 2 .

15 7 5 .

I QJS

15 6 1.

15 6 5 .

15 7 3 .

15 7 6 .

1 94 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH-B OOK.

R a d ius b a r a n d s lo t. Th e s tud wh e e l c a n b e sh ifte d i n o r o ut

o f ge a r a lo n g th e s l o t .

S l i d i n g b a c k sh aft, s l id e s out o f ge ar. Se e d o tte d li n e s .

M e th o d o f th r ow i n g a p ul le y o ut o f ge a r by s la c k i n g th e

be l t . Th i s i s d o n e e i th e r by a c am h e ar i n g o r s l id i n g m o ti o n to

th e d ri v e r sh af t. W o rk s be s t ve rti c a lly . Se e a lsoN O . 1219 .

C am s lo t m o ti o n fo r ba ck sh a ft . To th row i t i n o r o ut o f ge a r.

M o ti o n em p lo y e d fo r p un c h i n g m a c h i n e s,&c . To s e t th e

p un c h i n o r out o f a c t i o n by a c am a n d h a n d l e ve r.

Se ct io n 88 .

—VAR IABLE MOTI O N AND VAR IABLE POWER .

Fo r v a r i a b l e s p e e d a n d p ow e r by Spur ge ar, se e Se c ti o n s 84 a n d 40 .

F o r v a r i ab le s p e e d a n d p ow e r by be vi l ge a r , s e e Se c t io n 84.

Fo r v a r i a b le s p e e d a n d p ow e r by c am ge a r, s e e Se c t io n 9 .

F o r v a r i ab l e sp e e d a n d p ow e r by b e lt ge a r, s e e Se c tio n 3 .

1582 . V a r i a b le s p e e d b e lt c o n e s , fo r c ro s s e d be lts . A n gle o f c o n e s

sh ould n o t e xc e e d

1583 . S te p p e d c o n e ge a r .

1584. V a r i a b l e th r ow c r a n k p i n . (Se e H a sti e’

s Pa te n t, 3 5 61 , 1878 ;

Kn o w e l d e n a n d Ed wa rd s ’,299 6

,

1 585 . B e am m o ti o n ,w i th va riable fulc rum to alte r th e p ro p o rt io n a te

l e n gth s o f s trok e o f d rivi n g a n d d rive n c y l in d ers . Se e a ls oN o . 1 606 .

1586 . V a r i a b l e p r e s sur e a c c um ula to r . Bo th c yl i n d e rs a r e i n c om

m un i c a t i o n by a p ip e , a n d th e p re s sure vari e s w i th th e a n glebe twe e n th e r am s .

1587. W r igh t’s v a r i a b le ge a r . Th e ra d ius o f fr ic t i o n a l c o n tac t o f th ew h e e ls va r ie s a s th e y a r e m o ve d c lo s e r toge th e r o r s e p a ra te d .

1588. O lm s t e d ’s v a r i a b le c o n e fr i c ti o n ge a r , w i th i n te rm e d ia te

d oub l e c o n e i d le wh e e l i n ste ad o f be lt .

1589 . C o n v e x a n d c o n c a v e c o n e s fo r op e n be lts .

15 90 . Th r e e sp e e d ge a r , e a c h se p ara t e p a i r o f spur ge ar be i n g d rive nby i ts o w n be l t p ulle y o n s e p a ra te s le e ve p i e c e s .

1 59 1 . I r r e gula r o r e lli p ti c a l ge ar.

15 92. L e v e r c om b i n a ti o n to obta i n a n e ve n te n s io n from a sp r i n g

th ro ugh out i ts m o ti o n .



1593 . S c r o ll sp ur ge a r .

1594. S c r o ll ge a r fo r obta i n in g a va riabl e pull from a we ight.

1595 . V a r i a b le fr i c ti o n ge a r . Th e p i n io n c an be m o ve d up o r d ow n

from th e c e n tre to th e outs id e o f d i sc to vary th e sp e e d .

1596 . O w e n’

s c om p o un d le v e r v a r i ab le p r e s sur e a i r p um p s .

Th e p re s sure i n c re a s i n g a n d sp e e d d e c re as i n g a s th e p i sto n s riseto th e top o f th e i r s trok e .

1597. 2 -sp e e d ge a r by o n e be lt . O n e lo o se pulle y B c a rri e s a tr a n s

ve rse m i tre wh e e l,wh i c h

, ge a ri n g i n to th e fixe d m i tre wh e e l A,

d rive s th e m i tre wh e e l pulle y C ke y e d to sh aft a t tw i c e th e sp e e d

o f p ulle y B wh e n th e b e l t i s o n B by sh ifti n g th e b e lt to pulle yC ,

th e sp e e d i s l to 1 . Th e th ird pulle y i s lo o s e fo r run n i n g id le .

2 -sp e e d b e v e l ge a r w i th th re e wh e e ls a n d slid i n g sh aft,by whi c h

e i th e r p a i r c a n be put i n to ge a r.

15 99 . 2 -sp e e d b e v e l ge a r w i th fo ur wh e e ls a n d slid i n g sh aft .

1600 . I n c r e a s i n g sp e e d c o n e a n d s c r e w,fri c ti o n ge a r. Th e c o n e

i s d rive n by fri c t io n a l c o n ta c t w i th th e p i n io n .

1601. V a r i a b l e fulc rum le v e r , w i th sh ifti n g p i n a n d h o le adjustm e n t.

1602 . Fus e e b a r r e l , a s us e d i n c lo ck s a n d wa tc h e s to e qua li s e th e te n s io no f sp ri n g o n th e m o vem e n t ; m ay a lso be em p loy e d to give a

vari able sp e e d . Th e sp ri n g i s usua l ly s im ilar to No . 1484, a n d

c o i le d i n th e upp e r barre l .

1603 . V a r i a b l e th r ow c r a n k p i n a n d s lo t , muc h us e d fo r va riablefe e d m o t io n s i n c om b i n a t io n w i th s om e typ e o f p awl a n d ra tc h e t

ge a r .

1604. V a r i ab le tr av e l im p a r te d t o th e p i s to n r o d fr om th e

c r a n k by alte ri n g th e p o i n t o f a tta c hm e n t o f th e l i n k A to th e

slo t .

1 605 . V a r i a b le p ow e r p i s to n s , s i n gle -a c ti n g.

1606 . E ffe c ts th e s am e e n d s a s N o . 16 0 1 o r 15 8 5,by shifti n g th e

ful c rum p o i n t alo n g th e slo t by m e an s o f a sc r ew .

15 9 5

16 0 2 .


15 9 7 .

16 0 0 .

15 0 5 .

15 9 5

15 9 8 .

15 9 9 .

16 0 6 .


V a r i ab l e th r ow c r a n k p i n by m e a n s o f a jo i n te d c ra n k a n d

r ad i al adjus t i n g s c re w .

1608 . V a r i ab le th r ow c r a n k p i n by a ttac h i n g th e c ra n k p i n t o a n

e c c e n tri c d isc . Se e Se c t io n 10.

W i n d m o to r -fa n o r tu r b i n e , w ith vari able -a n gle va n e s a c tua te dby a c e n tra l s le e ve a n d c am o r le ve r ge a r.

V a r i ab le fr i c ti o n c o n e ge a r ; th e sm a l l fri c t io n p i n i o n c a n be

m o ve d rad ia lly to a n d fr o to a l te r th e l e ve rage a n d c o n s e que n tlysp e e d o f d rivi n g ra d ius from th e c o n e .

I n th e s te am e n gi n e , c om p re s se d a i r e n gi n e , a n d ga s e n gi n e

( th e s e be i n g a l l e l a s ti c fluid s ) , th e p o w e r g ive n out i s va r i e dby a l te ri n g th e sup ply o f s te am a i r

,0 1 ga s . I n th e w a te r

w h e e l th e p ow e r m ay be v a i i e d by a lte ri n g th e qua n t i ty o f

w a te r ( o r h e a d o f w a te r) s upp l i e d t o th e w h e e l . I n th e turb i n eth e po w e r c a n be va rie d by a lte r i n g th e h e ad o f sup p ly w a te ra n d th e a n gl e o f va n e s ; a l te ri n g th e qua n t ity re d uc e s th esp e e d a n d e ffic i e n cy . Th e turb i n e w i ll n o t w o rk w e ll un d e rgre a t va ri a ti o n s o f e i th e r h e a d o r qua n t i ty .

Se e a l s o No s . 73 6,722

,723 , 1 190 , 1 19 1 , 3 81 , 3 82, 3 85 ,

3 77, 372 , 3 73 ; a n d Se c t io n s 20 a n d 40 .

F o r va ri abl e p re ssu r e o r te n s i o n by sp ri n gs , s e e Se c t io n 80.

V a riable bala n c e we igh ts , Se c t io n 20.

Se ct io n 89 .

- VALV ES AND COOKS.

O f th e a lm o s t i n n um e rable vari e t ie s o f va lve s a n d c o c ks i n use th e fo llow i n ga r e s e le c te d a s typ e s w ith o ut r e te r e n c e t o sp e c ia l us e s , e a c h typ eh av i n g i ts p e c ul i a r va lue , a n d th e d raw i n gs a r e o n ly i n te n d e d t o

i n d i c a te th e sp e c ia l fe a tu re s o f e a c h typ e w i th o ut suc h d e ta ils a s

m ay be va r ie d t o sui t e a c h p a rt i c ular re quirem e n t o r ap p l ic a t io n .

1 6 1 1 . Th e c om m o n p lug c o c k .

1 6 12. Th e s am e,but w i th sc re w e d gla n d .

1 6 13 . 2 -w ay o r 3 -W a y p lug c o c k,w i th p acke d gla n d .

1 6 14. H o llow p lug b low -o ff c o c k ,w i th p a c ke d glan d

1 6 15 B a c k p r e s su r e o r c h e c k v a lv e,s e lf c lo s i n g.

1 6 16 . B a l l v a lv e a n d gu a r d , se l f c lo s i n g.

16 17. I n d i a rub b e r d i s c a n d gr a ti n g v a lv e .

16 18 . D o ub le fla p i n d i a r ub b e r o r l e a th e r a n d gra t i n g v alve .

1 6 19 . S im p le fla p v a lv e fa c e d w i th rubb e r o r le a th e r.1 6 20. R o c k i n g o r r o lli n g v a lv e . Fo r o p e n i n g a n d c lo s i n g grad ually

a n d e a s i ly aga i n s t p re s sure .

1 621 . R o ll-up v a lv e . Fo r sam e purp o s e s a s th e la st n am e d .



1622 . S e c to r full-w ay s c r ew d ow n v a lv e , sh ow n c lo se d ; wh e n op e n

th e d isc i s up i n th e c h am b e r o ut o f th e w a te rway .

1623 . D o ub le fa c e v a lv e ; th e sp i n d le i s s c rew e d i n to th e stuffin g-bo x

n e c k a n d th e lo we r va lve,th e upp e r o n e be i n g p i n n e d to th e

sp i n d le ; th e th re ad i n th e lo we r va lve i s tw i c e th e p it ch o f th e

up p e r th re ad .

1624 1 625 . S p r i n g r e li e f v a lv e s ; th e sp ri n gs ar e adjus te d to blow

o ff a t a n y sta te d p re ssure , wh i c h m ay be regula te d by a sc r ew o r

n ut ( n o t sh ow n ) .

1626 . W e igh te d le v e r r e l i e f v a lv e o r s a fe ty v a lv e .

16 27. R e d uc i n g v a lv e , c a n b e adjuste d by th e bala n c e we igh t to p ass

fluid s from a h igh p re ssure to a n y lowe r p re ssure .

1628 . An o th e r fo rm ,w i th sp ri n g bala n c e adjustm e n t a n d e quilibrium

va lve .

1629 . E qui li b r ium v a lv e .

1630 . E qui lib r ium v a lv e , n o t steam tight, but s e rrate d, to cut 0 11

“

gra dually . emp lo y e d fo r gove rn o rs o f s te am e n gi n e s .

16 3 1 . E qui lib r ium c y li n d r i c a l gr a ti n g v a lv e , m ay be use d to Ope n

a n d c lo se e i th e r by ve rt ic al o r re vo lvi n g m o tio n .

16 32. C omm o n th r o ttle o r butte rfly v a lv e .

163 3 . Dup le x th r o ttle o r d am p e r fo r a th r e e-way p ipe o r flue .

THE ENGI NEE R S SKE TCH -B OOK. 2 0 1

16 22 .

16 24 .

16 2 6 .

16 25 .

16 2 8 .

16 2 9 .

16 5 1 .

16 5 2 .


1634. H y d r auli c h igh -p r e s sur e c h e c k v a lv e , w i th lo n g guid e w i n gs .

1 6 35 . H y d r auli c p lug o r sp i n d le v a lv e a n d s e a ti n g ; a ll s e a ti n gs

fo r h igh p re ssur e sh ould be n arro w a n d h ard .

16 3 6 . Dup le x o r R am sb o ttom s a fe ty v a lv e ; e a c h va lve s e rve s a s

a fulc rum by wh i c h to lift th e o th e r. O n e fulc rum p o i n t sh ouldbe jo i n te d to th e le ve r a n d th e la tte r m ove i n a ve rt i c a l gui d e , o re l s e th e p o i n t o f a t ta c hm e n t o f th e sp ri n g to th e le ve r be p lac e db e low th e le v e l o f th e va lve s e a t i n gs .

1637. A m o d ific a ti o n o f th e last n am e d .

16 38 . Pa s s v a lv e , use d fo r p n eum a t i c d e sp atc h tub e s.

6 3 9 . O s c i lla ti n g l e v e r d up l e x v a lv e .

1 640 . S im p le r a d i a l d i sc v a lv e o r s lui c e .

16 41 1642 . O s c i lla ti n g c y li n d r i c a l v a lv e s . Cor li ss valve s ; som e

t im e s m ad e tap e re d o r c o n i c a l.

1643 . Multi p le b a ll v a lv e , fo r h igh li ft d e li ve ry valve o f large

pum p i n g e n gi n e s . Balls ar e o f guttap e rc h a , a n d o p e n a n d c los ewi th out sh o ck.

1 644. M ulti p le r i n g v a lv e . Th e r i n gs op e n an d c lo se i n suc c e ssi o n,

thus avo id i n g sh o c ks .

1645 . D oub le b e a t r i n g v a lv e .

1646 . D o ub le b e a t e qui li b r ium o r C o r n i sh v a lv e . Th e upp e rs e a t i n g c an be m ad e o f such are a a s to p artly o r e n tire ly ba lan c eth e va lve .

1647. M ulti p le r i n g v a lv e . Th e i n d iarubbe r ri n gs e xp a n d a n d c o n trac tov e r th e p e rfo ra t i o n s .


2 0 4 THE ENG INE ER S SKETCH -B OOK.

1648 . D o ub le -b e a t v a lv e,w i th sun k se ati n g.

1649 . C om m o n D s li d e v a lv e , w ith th re e p orts.

1 650. Dup le x o r d oub le D s li d e .

165 1 . An o th e r fo rm, partly i n e quil ibrium .

1 6 52. E qui lib r ium s li d e v a lv e , wi th c i rcular p a ck e d trun k o n ba ck ,o f

a re a suffic i e n t to bala n c e th e fa c e a re a o f valve .

1653 . S im i la r r e sult ob ta i n e d by a p i s to n a n d li n k.

1654. E qui li b r ium p i sto n v a lv e em p loy e d i n li e u o f th e s lid e valve .

A s te am p ip e , B B e xh aus t .

1 6 55 . G r i d i r o n s l i d e v a lv e .

16 56 . C om m o n p la te s li d e v a lv e o r s lui c e , use d fo r blast p ip e s .

Flo a ti n g b a ll v a lv e , fo r autom at ic d i sc h arge o f a i r from w a te rm a i n s .

1 358 O r d i n a r y d oub l e -fa c e d s lui c e v a lv e , lifts c le ar o f th e wa te rway .

16 4 9

16 5 2 .

16 5 7.


16 5 6 .

16 5 5 .

2 0 6 THE ENGI NEER S SKETOE -B OOK.

16 59 . S i n gl e fa c e s lu i c e v a lv e,fo r s e wage wate r, &0.

16 60 . F la p s lu i c e v a lv e . Tid a l outle t va lve .

16 6 1 . D i a p h r agm v a lv e .

16 62 . O s c i lla ti n g d i s c v a lv e,fo r gas.

166 3 . L a rge 3 o r 4-W a y p lug c o c k .

1664. F i n ge r v a lv e , c lo se d by a sp ri n g.

1665 . T a p e r c o n e v a lv e , fo r grad ua lly c lo s i n g a n o utle t

16 6 6 . D om e v a lv e,use d fo r h o t bla s t

,h o t ga s e s , &c . Th is fo rm r e ta in s

i ts sh ap e Wh e n h e at e d , e xp a n d i n g e ve n ly .

1667. C om m o n flo a ti n g b a ll t ap .

16 68 . Th r e e -w a y a i r v a lv e .

16 69 . Dup l e x s li d e , use d to c lo se a n umbe r o f op e n i n gs a t o n c e

1670 . W e st’s Sp i r a l v a lv e , wi th i n d iarubb e r c o rd Wh i c h expa n d s a n d

c o n tra c ts o ve r a sp ira l p e rfo rate d gr o ove .

1671 . D e n n i s’s e lf-li fti n g v a lv e . Th e va lv e i s kep t to i ts se at by th e

p r e s sur e b e i n g a dm i tte d o n to i ts bac k th rough sm a ll h o le A wh e n

th e large r h o le B i s o p e n e d by th e sp i n d le th e ba ck p re ssure i sre li e ve d a n d th e va lve l i fte d by th e p r e ssur e be low i ts c o n i c a lun d e rs id e .

1672 . C om m o n c o n e p lug.


2 0 8 THE ENGINEERS SKETCH -B OOK.

1673 . E qui lib r ium p lug o r c y l i n d r i c a l v a lv e , d ouble p o rte d .

1674. A n o th e r fo rm o f s e lf-li fti n g v a lv e . Se e No . 1671 fo r

d e s c rip ti o n .

1675 . C om p oun d fla p v a lv e .

1676 . I n d i a rub b e r p um p v a lv e .

1677. V e n e ti a n sh utte r o r c om p oun d butte rfly v a lv e .

1678 . By e p a s s use d to allow a sm all flo w wh e n th e m a i n va lve i s shut o ff.Use d a lso to e quali se p re ssure o n both s i d e s o f a large valve toe n abl e i t to Op e n e asi ly .

1679 . B e ll a n d h o p p e r , o r c up a n d c o n e ; use d fo r blast fur n a c e s ,c oke ove n s , a n d gas ge n e ra tors .

1680 . Cup v a lv e a n d susp e n d e d w e igh t.

1681 . Four -W a y v a lv e fo r h o t wate r p ip e s , &c.

O s c i lla ti n g v a lv e .

G a s p ur ifie r c e n tr e v a lv e,fo r fo ur p ur ifie r s ; to w o rk o n e

pur ifie r o ff a n d th re e o n , o r a l l four o n a t o n c e . I t i s s im i lar i n

p la n to No . 16 84, but h a s a n a d d i t i o n a l to p va lve wh i c h allows th e

gas to p a ss i n to th e fourth purifie r ; th e top v a lve h as a n i n d e

p e n d e n t sle e ve a n d le ve r m o ti o n .

1684. G a s p ur ifie r c e n tr e v a lv e , em p loy e d to d e live r a n d d i s c h arge

ga s i n to a n d o ut o f a n y o n e , two , o r th re e out o f four purifie rs .

Th e m o t io n o f th e ga s is sh own by th e arrows .

16 85 . C o n i c a l gr a ti n g v a lv e w i th rad ia l slo ts , Op e n e d o r c lo s e d byr e vo lv i n g m o ti o n .

Se ct io n 90 .—WATE R WH E E LS AND TU RBI N ES.

1686 . S im p l e un d e r sh o t W h e e l .

1687. B r e a s t w h e e l .

I6 8 0 .

THE ENGINEERS SKETCH -B OOK“

;

16 7 5 .

l6 8 5 .

16 8 6 .

16 78 .

l6 8 7 .

2 I O THE ENGI NEERS SKE TCH -B OOK.

1 6 88. H igh b r e a s t W h e e l .

1689 . O v e r sh o t w h e e l .

16 90. R e tur n o v e r sh o t W h e e l .

1691 . I n te r n a l fe e d r e -a c ti o n W h e e l .

1 6 92 . Sun k W h e e l , d r ive n by a i r : m ay be use d a s a m e te r fo r ga s o r a i r .

16 93 . Cur r e n t W h e e l , d rive n by t i d a l o r rive r c ur re n t.

16 94. F lutte r W h e e l, w i th h igh fall.

1695 . H o r i zo n ta l W h e e l.

1696 . R e -a c ti o n W h e e l , th e o ld e st fo rm o f turbi n e .

1697. E n ge l ’s d i ago n a l W h e e l .

1698 . S c o o p W h e e l fo r r a i si n g wa te r . Se e a lso No . 1024.

1699. W h e e l,w i th i n te r n a l b uc k e ts a n d fe e d .

No te th at m o s t o f th e se m ay be r e ve rs e d a n d m ad e i n to wate rr a i s i n g m a c h i n e s

,a s No . 1698 .

1700 to 1703 . S e c ti o n s o f v a r i o us fo rm s o f buc k e ts i n wo o d a n d

ir o n . N o . 1703 1s a ve n t ila te d buc ke t wh i c h a llows a ir to e sc ap e

as th e wa te r e n te rs .

Fo r go ve r n i n g Sp e e d o f wa te r wh e e ls a n d turbi n e s , s e e Se c tio n 41.

1704. Four n e y r o n ’s turb i n e

,outward flow ; th e oute r van e s ar e fixe d

,

th e i n n e r o n e s re vo lve wi th th e sh aft .

1705 . Jo n v a l ’s turb i n e , d ow n ward flow ; e ith e r th e upp e r o r lowe r se ti s fixe d .

1706 . Sw a i n ’s turb i n e

,i n wa rd an d d ow n ward flow , w i th i n ward c urv e d

va n e s o r flum e s .


2 I 2 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

1707. L efi'

e l ’s turb i n e , i n ward a n d d own ward flow h as o n e oute r r i n g o ffixe d va n e s a n d two i n n e r sets re vo lv i n g, but h av i n g d i ffe re n tan gle s o f flow .

1708. U n d e r sh o t j e t W h e e l fo r h i gh p re ssur e wate r .

Man y o th e r fo rm s o f turbi n e s a r e e xta n t , but ar e m o stly m o d ific a tio n s

o f th e above typ e s . Th e b e st typ e s h ave m e a n s o f vary i n g th e a n gle o f

th e van e s an d a re as of p a ssage s to suit varyi n g quan ti ti e s o f wa ter .

Sect io n 91 .—WH E ELS |N SEGMENTS.

1709 . H e avy ge a r i n g fo r ro lli n g m i lls , &c ., w ith d ove ta i le d jo i n ts ,

w e dge d a n d p a cke d .

1710 . W h e e l c a s t i n s e c to r s bo lte d toge th e r .

171 1 . B e v i l W h e e l i n h a lv e s .

1712. Wh e e l W i th r im i n s e gm e n ts bo lte d toge th e r, a n d p r o vi d e dw i th bo re d a n d c o tte r e d soc ke ts fo r a rm s i n b o th r im a n d bo ss .

1713 . Fly W h e e l r im ,c otte r e d an d d owe lle d toge th e r .

1714. Arm s a n d b o s s c a s t i n o n e : th e r im i n segm e n ts , bo lte dtoge th e r an d to th e arm s .

1715 . Te n s i o n W h e e l . Th e t ie sp oke s ar e som e tim e s a r ra n ge d i n twose ts at a s ligh t a n gle to e a ch o th e r to p re v e n t th e r im tur n i n g

wi th out th e bo ss . B i cyc le wh e e ls ar e of th i s c las s .

1716 . W r ough t-i r o n W h e e l, wi th c ast boss.

1717. W r ough t-i r o n W h e e l, wi th c ast bo ss.

1718 . R im i n s egm e n ts bo lte d toge th e r, wo o d a rm s a n d c a s t b o ss,w i th

so cke ts to r e c e i ve arm s ; th i s typ e i s m uc h us e d fo r wa te r wh e e ls .

THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -B OOK. 2 1 3


R a i lw a y W h e e l : bo ss o f c as t i ro n w i th wrough t-iro n arm s c a s t

i n . Th e r im i s o f ro lle d i ro n o r s te e l rive te d o n . Th e re a r e

n um e rous m e th o d s o f fa ste n i n g th e tyre s to a rm s , d e ta i le d i n

th e E n gi n e e r , July 23 r d , 1880.

Sp r i n g r im sp li t p ulle y .

S e gm e n t fly -W h e e l , w i th lo n g rad ial bo lts to se cure th e r im ,

a rm s , a n d b o ss t oge th e r.L a rge c e n tr e b o s s

,wi th r im segm e n ts bo lte d to i t .

W h e e l i n h a lv e s ; th e bo ss i s h e ld toge th e r by two bolts ac ti n gas c o tto n .

Se ct io n 92 .

—WE I G H I N G,MEASU R I N G

,I N D I CATI N G

PRESSURES, &c .

1724. W e igh i n g b y a b e am w i th e qua l a rm s . W e igh ts A= p ac kage B.

1725 . W e igh i n g by a b e am w i th un e qua l a rm s . W e i gh t Ac o n sta n t ; le ve rage o f d itto var iable by sh ifti n g i t a lo n g th e

gr ad uate d arm o f le ve r .

1726 . G r a d ua te d m e a sur i n g v e s s e l .

1727. S im i la r p r i n c i p l e a p p li e d by c om p oun d le v e r s w i th u n

e qua l a rm s . Th e table i s sup p o rte d o n four po i n ts o n th e arm s

o f le ve rs lo o se ly jo i n ted toge th e r i n th e c e n tre ; o n e le ve r i se xte n d e d a n d c oup le d by a r o d to a grad ua te d l e ve r w i th sli di n gw e igh t . Kn i fe e d ge s ar e use d fo r be ari n gs fo r a ll w e igh i n gm ac h i n e s by le ve rage . Se e No . 958 . Th i s c o n struc t io n i s th e

bas i s o f m o s t o f th e o rd i n ary we igh i n g m a c h i n e s i n use .

1728 . Du c k h am’s p a te n t h y d r auli c w e igh i n g m a c h i n e . Th e

a rti c le to be w e igh e d i s susp e n d e d fr om th e h o ok , a n d e xe r ts

a p re ssure o n th e r am . Th e c o rr e sp o n d i n g p re ssure o n th e

liquid (usually o i l o r gly c e ri n e ) i s i n d i c a te d o n th e p r e ssur e

gauge , wh i c h i s gra d ua te d to sh ow th e w e igh t .

1729 . Sp r i n g b a la n c e .

173 0. Ap p li a n c e fo r i n d i c a ti n g d e p th o f w a te r i n a c i ste rn by a n

a i r b e ll a n d p i p e c o n n e c te d to a U wa te r gauge . Th e p re s sureo n th e a i r i n th e b e ll va ri e s w i th th e d e p th o r h e ad o f w a te rab ove i t

,a n d i s i n d i c a te d o n th e gauge . A m o d ific a ti o n o f th i s i s

em p lo y e d fo r s ou n d i n g at s e a .

W e igh ts o f sub stan c e s m ay be as c e rta i n ed by th e i r d i sp lac em e n t i n w a te ro r m e rcury ,

o r by supp o rti n g th e w e igh i n g s c a le o n a fr e e p i s to n r e sti n go n an a sc e rta i n e d are a o f wa te r o r m e r cury , th e p r e ssur e p ro d uc ed be i n gi n d i c a te d by a gauge .

173 1 . M i c r om e te r gauge .

173 2 . R a d i a l a rm w e igh i n g m a c h i n e .

173 3 . Sm a ll w e igh i n g d e v i c e,d e p e n d i n g upo n th e a n gle th e c ar d

a s sum e s i n re sp e c t o f th e ve r ti c a l p o i n te r, wh i c h i s o n a fre ep ivo t .

1734. Autom a ti c m e a sur i n g o r w e igh i n g d e v i c e . Th e m a te ri a l fillso n e c om p artm e n t un ti l i t o ve rba la n c e s , wh e n i t fa l l s a n d em p tie s

i tse lf th e m a te ria l th e n fills th e oth e r c om p artm e n t , a n d so o n .



1735 . W e t ga s m e te r . Th e ga s e n te rs a t th e c e n tre , a n d a s th e c om

p ar tm e n ts fil l th e y ri se o ut o f th e w a t e r, th e gas be i n g d isc h arge dat th e oute r p o rts i n to th e c a s i n g.

M e a sur i n g w h e e l .M e a sur i n g W h e e l .D o ub le s li d e m e a sur e r .

Autom a ti c ti p p i n g s c a le . Wh e n full , to e qual th e w e i gh t , i t

fa lls a n d t ip s by s trik i n g a fixe d s to p ; th e s c a le th e n turn s o ve ra n d re turn s to i ts p o si tio n ,

a n d i s refil le d .

An o r d i n a r y p i s to n a n d c y l i n d e r ar e o fte n em p loye d to

m e a sure liquid s,a n d fitte d w i th a re ve rs i n g va lve o n th e sam e

p ri n c ip le a s N o s . 1026 , 1027, a n d 1741 . Se e a l so n o te to Se c . 93 .

Mo st Of th e ro ta ry d e vi c e s (s e e Se c ti o n 75 ) h ave b e e n em p loy e da s m e te rs fo r l iquid s a n d ga se s . Se e NO . 16 92 .

Dry ga s m e te rs usua lly em p loy a n e xp a n d i n g b e llow s , o r l igh t

p i s to n , w i th a s e lf-re ve rs i n g va lve , s im i lar t o N o s . 1299 a n d

1026 . Se e a l s o Se c ti o n 44.

Se ct io n 93 .

— WATER-PRESSUR E EN G I N ES.

Se e also Se c tio n 5 6 .

Hyd r auli c r am . Se e NO . 1025 .

Robi n e t. Se e N o . 1026 .

Two o r th re e -c y li n d e r e n gi n e s , w i th slid e va lve s o p e ra te d e i th e r bye c c e n tri c s as i n th e s te am e n gi n e , o r by th e o sc i llati o n Of th e

c yli n d e r. Th e slid e va lve s h ave n o lap o r le ad ; th e re i s n o

c ush i o n i n g e xc e p t wh at i s give n by a n a i r ve s se l o n th e supp lyp ip e . Th re e -c yl i n d e r e n gi n e s ar e usually m ad e s i n gle a c ti n gw i th ram s . Se e NO . 1743 .

1741 . Si n gle c y l i n d e r e n gi n e s . Th e se m ust h ave th e slid e o r o th e rd i s tributi n g v alve re v e rs e d by p i sto n s A, A, Op e ra te d by th e

p re s sure Of th e sup p ly w a te r. Th i s i s usual ly d o n e by a n

auxi li a ry va lve 8 , re ve rse d by th e m a i n p i s to n r o d 0 . Th i s

va lve adm i ts th e p re ssure wate r to th e p i sto n s A, A,wh i ch

re ve rse th e m a i n sli d e va lve . Se e N O . 1506 . Se e n o te be low .

1742 . M o d e o f w o rk i n g a n un d e rgr o u n d p um p i n g e n gi n e bywa te r c yli n d e rs abo ve groun d , c o n n e c te d to th o se b e low by p ip e s

A, A. B i s th e suc ti o n , C th e d e live ry .

1743 . O n e , tw o,o r th r e e c y li n d e r w a te r e n gi n e . Th e p o rts ar e

i n th e se gm e n ta l base o f th e c y l i n d e r , h ave n o lap , a n d a r e

Op e n e d a n d c lo s e d by th e o sc i lla t io n o f th e c yli n d e r.1744. C i r c ula r o s c i lla ti n g c y li n d e r , i n a c a se wh i ch o p e n s an d c lo se s

i ts p o rts by i ts own o s c i lla ti o n .

I n li eu Of th e w e i gh te d le ve r valve ge ar fo r s i n gle c yli n d e r w a te rp re s sur e e n gi n e s , th e e n gi n e m ay b e arra n ge d to c om p re ss a

Sp ri n g d uri n g th e s troke,wh i c h a t th e e n d o f th e s troke sh a ll

be r e le ase d,an d by i ts e xp a n s i o n re ve rs e th e v alve .

Se ct io n 94.

-WASH I N G .

1745 . C y li n d r i c a l r e v o lv i n g s c r e e n w a sh e r , fo r r o o ts , &c .

1746 . Tub a n d p a d d le W a sh e r .

17 5 5 .

175 6 .

17 6 7 .

17 5 8 .


174 0 .

17 4-3 .

3173 9 .

174 5

174 2 .

174-6


1747. C o a l w a sh e r . b e w a t e r i s k e p t i n m o tio n up a n d d ow n th ro ughth e S c re e n A by a c y l i n d e r a n d p i s to n B ; th e m ud s i n k s to Ca n d th e w a sh e d c o a l p a s s e s o ve r t o D. Bo th a r e rem o ve dc o n ti n uo us ly by e l e va t o r s o r w o rm s . Se e S e c ti o n 57.

Fo r w a sh i n g o re s s lo p i n g s c re e n s e ith e r p l a i n o r p e rfo ra te d a r e

O fte n us e d ,a s t r e am o f w a te r be i n g k e p t flo w i n g o ve r th e o r e

,

w h i c h i s k e p t i n m o t i o n . Se e N o s . 126 6 a n d 477,also Cy l i n

d r i c t l R e vo lvi n g Sc re e n s , a s N O . 1262 .

1748 . C y l i n d r i c a l p e r fo r a te d d r um ,w i th i n te rn a l fixe d sp ira l fla n ge

wh ic h c ause s th e m a te r i a l t o tra ve l a t a fixe d ra te o f m o t i o n . Th e

c y l i n d e r m ay b e re vo lve d i n a w a t e r t r o ugh a s NO . 1745 , o r w a te r

m ay be l e d i n w i th th e m a te ri a l a n d th e c a s i n g he u n p e rfo ra te d .

1749 . A c o n t r i v a n c e t o k e e p a c o n t i n u o u s c i r c u la t i o n i n a

b o i l i n g tub o r Oo pp e r i n wh i c h c l o th e s, &c . , a r e w a sh e d . Th e

h o t w a te r from th e bo ttom ri s e s up th e t i n tube,a n d i s d i s ch arge d

o n th e surfa c e .

1750 . C o r ruga te d r o ll e r s w a sh i n g d e v i c e , fo r fa b r i c s .

175 1 . W a te r tr o ugh a n d d i p p i n g b a n d,fo r w ash i n g c lo th s

, w o o l ,p ap e r, 1350

D om e s t i c w a sh e rs c om p r is e , b e s id e s th e o rd i n ary tub a n d d o l ly , w a s h i n gbo a rd s . h a v i n g c o rruga te d sur fa c e s ro c k i n g a n d re vo lvi n g boxe s , h a vm g a

c h ur n -li ke m o t io n . Brus h e s a ls o a r e som e tim e s us e d .

Se ct io n 95 .—WI N DMI L LS AND FEATH ER I N G WH E ELS.

1752 . F e a th e r i n g p a d d le W h e e l . E a c h flo a t h a s a bra c ke t a n d p i na t ba c k ,

w ith c o n n e c t i n g r o d to a c omm o n e c c e n tri c (fixe d ) ,th ro ugh wh i c h th e sh a ft re vo lve s .

1753 . Sp i r a l v a n e o r c ow l , fo r c h im n e y to p . Us e d to d rive a

ve rt i c a l w o rm i n s i d e th e c h im n e y c a p to m a i n ta i n a n up wa rdd raugh t , by em p l oy i n g th e w i n d a s a m o t i ve p o w e r.

W i n dm i ll s a i ls , w i th a n gula r a djus tm e n t by a slidi n g d e vi c e o n

th e sh a ft .

1755 . F e a th e r i n g h o r i zo n ta l W i n d m i ll . E a c h flo a t is h i n ge d a l i ttleo u t o f c e n tre to t h e a rm s

,so th a t th e p re s sure Of w i n d ( s e e a rro w)

turn s th e flo a ts to th e p o s i t io n s i n th e sk e t c h a s th e y re vo lve .

H o llow s em i -sp h e r i c a l c up w i n d m i ll o r m o to r.

Vf i n d m o to r,w i th c urve d va n e s . Th e s e la st tw o re vo lve i n th e

d ire c t io n O f th e a rro w s,b e c a us e th e w i n d h a s m o re h o ld up )D th e

h o l lo w s id e s o f th e c up s a n d va n e s tha n o n th e c o n v e x s i d e .

S e lf-fe a th e r i n g W i n e. wh e e l .

S p i r a l W i n d W h e e l .



Se ct io n 96 .—WIND I N G AP PARATUS.

1760. B a r r e l o r d rum,fo r w ire

, &c .

176 1 . W i n d i n g b a r r e l , fo r c ra n e s , w i n c h e s , &c .

1762 . Fu s e e b a r r e l . Se e N o . 1602.

176 3 . G r o o v e d b a r r e l , fo r c h a i n . Pre ve n t s th e c h a i n r id i n g a s i tc o i ls .

176 4. H e x a go n fr am e W i n d e r,fo r ya r n , &c .

176 5 . S p o o l .

176 6 . C a r d w i n d e r .

1767 1768 . B o b b i n s . Th e re a r e a gre a t m a n y p atte rn s i n use fo r

va rio us t ra d e s .

1769 . Ap p l i a n c e fo r W i n d i n g b o bb i n s O f c o tto n,a n d o th e r m a c h i n e ry .

Th e bo bb i n i s s ta t i o n ary a n d th e fiy e r re vo lve s , th e th re a dp a s s in g up i ts c e n tre a n d d o w n o n e a rm th rough th e e y e , wh i c h

h a s a n up a n d d o w n fe e d m o t io n to w i n d th e thre a d o n e ve n ly .

1770 . M o d e o f fe e d i n g t h e th r e a d o n to th e sp i n d le s to c ause i t t o

0 0 11 e ve n ly by a n O sC l l la t l n g a rm a n d p i n o ve r wh ic h th e th re a dp a s s e s .

1771 . D rum ,fo r fla t ro p e o r c h a i n w oun d up o n i ts e lf.

Fo r w i n d i n g e n gi n e s a n d w i n c h e s,s e e N o s . 1222 to 1226.

Se e also ROp e Ge a r, Se c t io n 6 6 .

Se ct io n 97.

— HAN D LES, FOR VAR I O U S RPOSES.

1772 . Kn o b h a n d l e .

1773 . L o o p h a n d le , h i n ge d .

1774. L o o p h a n d le , fixe d .

1775 . T h a n d l e .

1776 . Pla i n h a n d le .

1777. S a sh li ft o r d rawe r h a n d le .

1778 . H a n d b a r .

1779 . Sw i n g d o o r h a n d le .

1780 . Su n k o r flus h lo o p h a n d le .

1781 . H i n ge d l i ft i n g le v e r s .

1782 . B e n t h a n d le . fo r rad i a l m o t io n .

THE ENGI NEE R S SKETCH -B OOK. 2 2 1

17 6 4 .

176 5 . 17 6 6 .

”70 .

17 6 8 .

1775 .

177 2 . 1773 . 1774'

17 7 8 .

178 2 .

17 8 0 .

2 2 2 THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

1783 . H a n d W h e e l .

1784. C r a n k e d T h a n d le .

1785 . C a p s ta n W h e e l .

1786 . B ow o r l i fti n g h a n d le , fo r lad le s , buck e ts , &c .

787. T b a r h a n d l e , fo r two h a n d s .

1788 . C r o s s h a n d le v e r , four, s ix, o r e igh t arm s .

1789. L o o p h a n d le , s om e t im e s c a s t i n to a c asti n g.

1790 . R i n g h a n d le .

1791 . D oub l e b a r p ush i n g h a n d le s .

1702 . B e n t h a n d l e , fo r ra d ial m o t io n .

1793 . Vv’ e igh t e d h a n d l e .

1794. V i c e h a n d l e , w i th s l i d i n g le ve r bar .

1795 . H a n d b a r,w i th fo rk e d le ve r a tta c hm e n t fo r pump s , &c .

1796 . S l e v e r d o ub le c r a n k e d h a n d le .

1797. S ti r rup h a n d le .

1798. T li fti n g h a n d le o r k e y , fo r op e n i n g flush d o o r s or ma n h olec o ve rs .

1799 . Th um b s c r ew h e a d .

1800. S tr a igh t h a n d le , w i th susp e n d i n g eye .

1801 . C a p sta n w h e e l , fo r s c rew ge ar .

1802. V e n ti la te d tw i ste d h a n d le .

1803 1804. L o o p h a n d le s .


2 2 4 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

1805 . Sp r i n g lo c k le v e r h a n d le .

1806 .

“C o ffe e p o t

” h a n d le .

Se e a l s o Se c t io n 48 .

Se ct io n 98 .

— AP PARATU S FO R D RAWI N G C U RV ES.

Se e Ge a ri n g, Se c tio n 40 ; El lip s ograph , Se c ti o n 3 4.

1807 . C y c lo gr a p h ,fo r d e s c rib i n g a rc s

,th e c h o rd a n d ve rs e d s i n e be i n g

g ive n . Fi x p i n s a t A a n d B,fa s te n toge th e r a t C tw o s l ip s o f

w o o d , h o ld th e p e n c i l a t D,a n d m o ve th e s lip s ro u n d , ke e p i n g

th em aga i n s t th e p i n s . Se e a ls o N O . 11 .

1808 . H y p e rb o l a gr a p h . H e igh t a n d fo c us a r e give n a s fo r 1809,a n d

s tr i n g fixe d to B,a n d fo c us A ; th e a rm i s p ivo te d a t C ,

a n d th e

p e n c i l us e d a s d e s c ribe d fo r NO . 1809 .

1809 . Pa r a b o l a gr a p h . Th e h e igh t O f p a rabo l i c c urve H a n d fo cus Aa r e give n . A s tri n g i s fa s te n e d t o e n d O f s e t square a t B,

re a c h i n g t o C ,a n d th e o th e r e n d fixe d to a p i n i n th e fo c us A.

A p e n c i l h e ld i n th e l o o p a n d k e p t a ga i n s t e d ge Of s e t square a s

i t i s m o ve d to l e ft o r righ t w i l l d e sc ri be th e p a rabo l i c c urve .

1810 . C y c l o i d o gr a p h d e s c r ib e s th e h yp o o r e p i- c y c l o id . A m o d ifi

c a t i o n O f th i s i s use d t o d raw th e c urve s o f th e te e th O f w h e e l s .

Pe n ta gr a p h ,fo r re d uc in g o r e n l a rgi n g o utl i n e d raw i n gs , NO . 1924.

H e l i c o gr a p h ,to d e s c ribe a re gula r h e l ix by a c e n tra l fixe d b e vi l

wh e e l wh i c h d rive s th e ra d i a l b e vi l wh e e l s c re w a n d s c ribi n gp e n c i l , NO . 1925 .

A s im p le h e li c o gr a p h ,w i th ra d ia l s c re w a n d ro l le r n ut

,wh i c h

trave l s a lo n g th e s c re w a s th e ap p ara tus i s re vo lve d o n i ts c e n t r e

p i n ,NO . 192 6 .

Se ct io n 99 .

—MATERIALS EMP LOY ED I N CO NSTRU CTI O NTh e fo l low i n g m em o ra n d a r e la te o n ly to suc h m a te r ia ls a s a r e r e qu i re d i n c o n n e c tio n

w i th m a c h i n e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l ( o n st rue t i o us , a n d a r e i n te n d e d to sup p lv

p a i t i c ula r s o f t h e d im e n s i o n s o f th e m a n ufa c tur e d o r r aw m a te ria l , gi v i n gt h e s e c t io n s m a n ufa c ture d a n d th e lim i ts a s to $17 6 ava i la b le fo r i n c o r

p o r a t l o n 111 a n y d e s ig n u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n .

R o ll e d i r o n a n d s te e l b a r s a r e m a n ufa c ture d a s b e l ow

181 1 . R o u n d s , from Tit-

g

"to 72

"

d iam e te r,a n d up t o 18

'

l o n g.

1812 . S qu a r e s , from $3"to 6

"squa re

,a n d up to 18

'

l o n g.

1813 . F la ts,from g

"t o 14

"

w i d e,a n d up t o 18

'

l o n g.

1814,1815 , 18 16 , 18 17, 18 18 , 1819 . L i r o n s e c ti o n s a r e m ad e fromft” x 2

"up to 14

"

X g"

,o r to u n i t-c d i n c h e s

,w i th e qua l

o r un e qua l fla n ge s , a n d up to 3 0'

lo n g ; but th e a c ute, o b tus e , a n d

rou n d a n gle d s e c t i o n s a r e n o t us ua l ly s to c ke d .

1820 182 1 . T i r o n s,fro m 1

" x 1"

up t o 12 u n i te d i n c h e s , o r to

9" x a n d up to 3 0

'

l o n g.

1822. R o lle d gi r d e r i r o n ,from 3

"

d e e p to 20 d e e p x 10 fla n ge s , a n dt o 3 6

'

l o n g , i n h u n d re d s o f s e c ti o n s .

1823 . Z o r e gi r d e r s , fro m 3"to 8

"d e e p , a n d t o 24

' lo n g.

1824. C h a n n e l i r o n ,fro m g

"to 12

"w id e , a n d to 25

'l o n g.

1825 . C o n v e x i r o n , fr om 1"

to 6 w i d e , a n d up t o 20' lo n g.

1826 . C o p e i r o n ,from 1

"

to 4"

w id e , a n d to 20' lo n g.

18 04 .

l8 h4 .


18 0 6 .

18 0 8 .

18 45 . 18 16 .

18 2 0 .

18 2 4 . 18 2 5 .

18 2

2 2 5

2 2 6 THE ENG INEE R S SKE TCH -B OOK.

1827. H a lf-r o un d i r o n ,from g

"t o 4 w i d e

,a n d to 20

' lo n g.

1828 . Fun n e l r i n g i r o n ,from 3 3

1

5

"

x T3

?

"

to 8 x T9

?

"wid e , a n d up to

18' lo n g.

1829 . Ja c k s t ay i r o n .

1830 . H o llow c o p e i r o n .

183 1 , 1832 , 183 8. R a i l s e c ti o n s (s e e Se c tio n usually m ad e i n

18'

to 3 0’ le n gth s , a n d n um e ro us se c tio n s O f from 22 lbs . to 84 lbs .

p e r yard .

183 3 . B ulb L i r o n .

1834. D e c k b e am o r bulb T i r o n ,up to 1 6

"x

183 5 . B ulb L i r o n ,up to 10 x

183 6 . Bulb i r o n ,to 1 3 wi d e.

1837. Pi le i r o n .

183 9 , 1840, 1841 . Flush tr am r a i ls , 18’to 3 0

'l o n g.

1842,1843 , 1849 . F i r e b a r i r o n .

1844. D o ub le L i r o n, 5

"x 1 x 5 x 5 x g

".

1845 . C r o s s i r o n .

1846,1847

,1853 . S a sh b a r i r o n . Hun d r e d s o f sp e c ial se c tio n s a r e

m a n ufa c ture d .

1848 . B e v i l e d ge i r o n .

1850 . O c ta go n b a r i r o n .

1851 . H e xago n b a r i r o n .

1852. Ty r e i r o n , m ad e i n m a n y se c tio n s . Se e n ote to No . 1719.


2 8

1855 .

1 85 6 .

1857.


B e v i lle d fla t i r o n .

T r o ugh i r o n . Us e d fo r brid ge flo o ri n g, fir e -p ro o f flo o rs , &c .

D o ub l e c o n v e x i r o n .

1858 185 9 . T r am p l a t e i r o n .

18 60 186 1 . C h a i r o r s le e p e r i r o n .

186 2 . O v a l i r o n .

18 63 , 1864, 186 5 . R o u n d e d ge d fla ts .

186 6 .

18 67.

186 8 .

186 9 .

1870 .

1871 .

1872.

1873 .

1874.

1875 .

S e gm e n t r o u n d i r o n .

R o u n d e d ge d c o n v e x i r o n .

B e v i l l e d fla t i r o n .

B e v i l e d ge fla t i r o n .

B e v i ll e d fla t i r o n .

R o u n d e d ge d h o l low c o n v e x i r o n .

T a p e r e d ge d h o ll o w c o n v e x i r o n .

B o i le r tub e e xp a n s i o n r i n g i r o n .

M o u ld e d fla t b a r .

I n a d d it io n to th e ab o ve , i r o n o rn am e n tal m ould i n gs ar e r o lle dw i th m o uld e d a n d re l i e f o rn am e n ts i n ba rs , from g

'to 2g

"w id e ,

a n d up to 1 6'o r 18

'

l o n g . Als o p la i n m o uld i n gs s im i la r i ns e c t i o n s to th o se us e d i n j o i n e ry .

Pla te s (i ro n a n d s te e l ) a r e m a n ufa c ture d from g"

t o th i c k

o rd i n a ry . Th i ck e r p la te s a r e ro l l e d to o rd e r up to 20" th i c k .

Sto ck ed s iz e s Of o rd i n a ry p la te s a r e 4' x 2

’

up to 14'

x 4'

S tr i p s from 7"to 22

"w i d e , a n d up to 3 0

’ lo n g.

C h e qu e r e d p l a te s , w i th d i am o n d,o va l o r squa re r e c e s se d

p a tte r n s , a r e m a d e 6'

X 2'up t o 8

'

x 3'

S h e e ts , p la i n ,i n th i c k n e s se s from NO . 10 w .g. to NO . 3 6 w .g. , a n d

from 6'

X 2'

to 10'

x

Co rruga te d sh e e ts , p l a i n o r ga lva n i se d , from NO . 1 6 to NO . 26 w.g.

,

a n d from 6’

x 2'to 9

'

x

Ti n n e d sh e e t s , s am e a s abo ve .

C o ld ro l le d sh e e ts

Pla n i sh e d sh e e ts

L e a d -c o a te d sh e e ts

Ti n p la te s . t e r n e p la t e s , 14 X 20 17" X 15 x 14

x 2 4"

x 28"

x 28 x

H o o p s , from g"

to 7"w i d e

,a n d from N O . 8 to N O . 24 w.g.

W i r e s e c ti o n s m a n u fa c tur e d i n h a rd iro n , s o ft i ro n ,s o f t s te e l ,

h a rd s te e l, tem p e re d s t e e l , p i a n o w ire , c o ve re d w i re (wo un d W i th

e i th e r c o t to n ,S i lk , gut tap e rc h a , flax ,

o r c o p p e r w i re . Als obra s s

,c o pp e r, l e a d , z i n c , a n d o th e r m e ta l w ire , h a rd o r s of t ; t i n n e d

i ro n w ire , ga lva n i s e d i ro n w i re,t i n n e d bra ss w ir e

,c opp e re d i ro n

w i re , l e ad -c o a te d i ro n w i re .

THE ENGINEER S SKE TCH-B OOK. 2 2 9

18 5 6 .

18 5 5 .

13 5 9

18 5 8 . 18 6 0 . 18 6

18 6 3 . 18 6 5 . 18 6 6

18 6 8 18 6 9 . 18 7 0 .

18 72 .

187 5 .


Pi p e s (s e e Se c t io n 57) a n d tub e s o f w ro ugh t iro n . e i th e r butt o rl a p w e ld e d , o r s o l id d raw n ,

a r e m a d e i n fo ur qua li t ie s o r

s tr e n gth s z— l . Ga s tub e ; 2 . Ste am o r wa te r tube ; 3 . Bo i le r

flue t ube ; 4. H y d rauli c tube . Th e s e a r e m a n ufa c ture d from

i"t o 3 i n te rn a l d iam e te r s ; bo ile r flue tub e s to 9" d iam e te r

,but

m uch la rge r s i ze s c a n b e m a d e to o rd e r.So l id d raw n s te e l tub e s a r e m a d e up to 10

"d iam e te r ; la rge r

s ize s a r e m a d e to o rd e r .

Sp e c i a l s t e e l o r w ro ugh t i ro n p ip e s , fla n ge d w i th L i ro n,a r e

m ad e up to 4'd iam e te r w i th w e ld e d jo i n ts , a n d w e l d e d s te e l o r

w ro ugh t i ro n socke t a n d sp igo t p ip e s up t o 24" d iam e te r.

C a s t i r o n p i p e s a r e m ad e i n th e fo llo wi n g s tre n gth s z— Ra i n

w a te r p ip e s , h o t-wa te r p ip e s , ga s m a i n s , wa te r m a i n s,h yd raul i c

m a i n s fo r h igh p re s sure , a n d th e th ic k n e ss e s Of m e ta l varya c c o rd i n g to th e p re s sure s . D i am e te rs from l —éf

'up to a n d

le n gth s us ua l ly 6'

a n d Se e Se c ti o n 57.

C a s ti n gs a r e m ad e i n c a s t iro n Of vari ous m ixture s , a c c o rd in g to

s tre n g th , tough n e s s , o r h a r d n e s s re qu ire d , a n d o f a n y w e igh t up

to 20 to n s . Ch i l l e d i ro n c a s ti n gs a r e m a d e fo r h a rd w e ar , a s i nc rush e r ro lls , &c .

,bu t c a n n o t be m a c h i n e d th e y a r e usua lly gro u n d

sm o o th by a gri n d s to n e o r em e ry wh e e l .

S te e l c a s ti n gs a r e m ad e i n e i th e r B e s s e m e r, Sie m e n s -Ma rt i n ,

Th o m a s-Gi lc h ri s t , o r i n c ruc ible s te e l,th e la tte r be i n g m o s t re l i e d

up o n . Th e y re qu ire a n n e a l in g to so fte n th e m suffic i e n tly fo r

m a c h i n i n g, a r e a lm o s t i n va ri ably blow n”o r h o n e y c om be d , a n d

ra re ly h om oge n e o us ,o r twi c e a l ik e from th e sam e p a tte rn o r c a st .

VVr o ugh t -i r o n c a s ti n gs , Mi t is m e ta l, &c .

,a r e a lso obta i n able

,

but m a lle abl e c a s t 1r o n c a st in gs a r e m o st re l i e d upo n fo r to ugh

n e s s , th e pro c e s s h av i n g n o w a tta i n e d gre a t p e rfe c ti o n , but i s n o t

a p p li c able to ve ry th ic k c a s t zn gs .

Pre s s e d 11 0 11 o n s te e l fo rg in gs Of s im p l e fo 1m s a r e n ow obta i n ablea t l o w pric e s .

F o rgi n gs i n w ro ugh t iro n a n d s te e l c a n n ow b e m a d e to alm o s t

a n y s i ze , sh ap e ,a n d w e igh t , a n d a r e re p la c i n g m a n y struc ture s

fo rm e rly m a d e o f c a s t i ro n o r bu ilt up .

O th e r m e ta ls e m p lo y e d a r e c o pp e r, bra s s , ti n ,z i n c

, ph o sph o rb ro n ze , le a d , a n t im o n y , b ism uth

, p e w te r , Mu n tz m e ta l,a lum i n ium

,

s o d ium , p o ta s s ium , p l a t i n um , go ld , s i l v e r, n i ck e l,a n d a gre a t

va ri e ty Of th e b r o n ze s , wh i c h a r e va luabl e c om p ou n d s va ry i n g i nte n a c i ty a n d h a rd n e s s fr om th e h a rd e s t s te e l t o th a t o f s o ft c o pp e r.Mo s t Of th e ab o ve a r e m a n u fa c ture d i n to w i re , sh e e t s , tub e s , ro d s ,&c .

,a n d c a n i n a d d i t io n be c a s t i n to a n y fo rm from a c ruc ibl e .

C o p pe r c a n b e fo rge d but n o t we ld e d ; jo in ts i n i t ar e ge n e ra l lybra ze d o r s o l d e re d .



B e stfur n i tur e .— Am b oy n a , bla c k eb o n y , c h e rry-tre e , Co rom a n d e l . m ah oga n y ,

m ap l e , o ak (va r i o us k i n d s ) ro s e -w o o d,s a t i n -w o o d ,

sa n d a l-wo o d ,

swe e t c h e s t n ut , sw e e t c e d a r, tul ip -w o o d,w a l n ut

,z e bra -wo o d .

Fo r e ign ha r d wo od s , s eve r a l of whi c h a r e o n ly use d f o r o r n am e n ta l iur n e r y .

Am b oy n a .

B e e f-w o o d .

B la c k B o t .B .w o o d

Bla ck e bo n y .

B ox-wo o d .

B ra zi l-w o o d .

Bra zi le tto .

Bul le t-w o o d .

Cam -w o o d .

Co c o a -w o o d .

Co rom a n d e l .Gre e n e bo n y .

NO S . 3 , 8 , 16 , 3 3 , a n d 34 a r e f r e que n tly s c a rc e .

N o s . 3 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 10 a r e ge n e ra lly c l o se , h a rd , e ve n t i n te d,a n d th e

m o re p ro p e r fo r e c c e n tri c tur n m g , but o th e rs m ay a l s o b e

em p loy e d .

No s . 4, 5 , 10 , 12 , 14, 17, 18 , 19 , 3 0 , 3 2 a r e ge n e rally abun d a n t

a n d e xte n s ive ly us e d . A l l th e w o o d s m ay be use d fo r p lai nturn i n g.

M I SCELLANEOUS PROPERTI ES.

Ela sti c i ty—Ash ,

h aze l , h i c k o ry , la n c e -w o o d , swe e t c h e stn ut ( sm al l) , Sn ak ew o o d , y ew .

I n e la s tic i ty a n d toughn ess— B e e ch , e lm , li gn um v itae , o ak , w aln ut.

Eve n gr a i n , p r op e r fo r c a r vi n g— L im e -tre e , p e ar-tre e , p i n e .

Dur a bi li ty i n d ry wo rks— C e d ar , o ak , p op lar , sw e e t c h e st n ut , y e llow d e a l.

Co lour i n g m a tte r ( r e d d ye s) . —Bra zi l , bra z i le tto, c am -w o o d , log

-w o o d

N i c a ragua , r e d sa n d e rs , s ap a n -w o o d .

Co lour i n g m a tte r (gr e e n dye ).— Gre e n eb o n y .

Co lour i n g m a tte r (ye llow d ye s) .— Fust i c , za n te s .

Sc e n t.—Cam ph o r w o o d , c e d ar, ro se -wo o d , sa n d al-wo o d , sa ti n -wo o d , sassafra s .

Gre e n h e a rt .Gr e n a d i l lo .

I ro n -w o o d .

Ki n g-wo o d .

L ign um v i tae .

L o c ust .

Mah o ga n y .

Ma p l e .

Musta iba .

C l i ve -tre e ro o tPa lm yra .

Pa rtr i d ge -w o o d .

THE ENGI NEE R S SKE TCH-B OOK. 2 3 J

I n d i a rub b e r,m a n ufa c ture d in to sh e e ts

,w ith o r w ith out c a n vas i n se rt i o n

O f s i n gle , d o uble , o r tre bl e th i c k n e ss,up to 3 6

"w i d e a n d to

g"th i c k ; c o rd g,

"to 1

"d iam e te r ; tube s , p la i n ,

o r w i th c a n va si n s e rt io n o r w i re c o i l e d i n s id e o r o uts id e

,from to 4

"b ore

,

usua lly i n 3 0'a n d 60

'

l e n gth s . W a sh e rs,r i n gs , ro lle rs , strip s ,

be l ts,a n d m ould e d a rt ic le s O f e ve ry fo rm .

Gutta p e r c h a i s m a n ufa c ture d i n to s im ilar a rtic le s .

L e a th e r . Mo st o f th e v ar ie t e s a r e m a n ufa c ture d from th e sk in s

o f o xe n,sh e e p , go a ts , d e e r, h o rs e s ,

d o gs , h ogs , a n d s e a l s,a n d th e

large r sk i n s ar e d i v n d e d i n to butts , sh ould e rs , c h e e k s , a n d b e lli e s ,th e d im e n s i o n s d e p e n d i n g Of c o urs e up o n th e s ize Of th e a n im a l s .

Ox h id e s a r e th e large st a n d k id ski n s th e sm a lle s t i n ge n e ra l

Fo r m e c h a n i c a l p urp o se s o x h id e,r aw o r ta n n e d , i s c h i efly us e d

,

a s fo r va lve s , s e a t i n gs , be l ts , p i s to n l e a th e rs , &c . Sh e e p ski n s

c an b e Ob ta i n e d e i th e r s t ra i n e d ,h a l f-s tra i n e d , o r u n s tra i n e d th e

firs t a r e h a rd a n d c om pa ra t ive ly s t i ll, th e l a s t - n am e d so ft a n d

p l iabl e a s c lo th . O th e r s o ft va ri e t ie s a r e go a ts’

Sk i n s a n d

c h am o i s le a th e r. Th e re a r e m a n y im i ta t io n s o f le a th e r, but

th e y a r e rare ly e m p l oy e d i n m e c h a n ic a l c o n struc ti o n s .

V ulc a n i s e d fib r e i s Of te n use d fo r S im ila r p urp o s e s to le a th e r,a s

fo r va l ve s , s e a t i n gs , j o i n ts , &c . I t i s m a d e i n two vari e t i e s,

m e d ium a n d h a rd , a n d i n sh e e ts up to 1"th i c k .

E b o n i te . A h ard , bla ck , h o rn y subs ta n c e , m ould ed i n to a n y r e qui re dsh ap e .

Pa p i e r m d c h é. So lid p ap e r , m o uld e d from pulp i n to a n y requ ire dfo rm .

Asb e s to s , i n Sh e e ts , c o rd , p a cki n g o f various se c tio n s , loo se fibre , m illbo ard

,&c .

I v o ry , fr om tusk s a n d te e th .

B o n e .

V e ge ta b le i v o ry n uts about th e s ize o f eggs.

Pa ck i n gs fo r glan d s , &c .,a r e m ad e o f c o tto n , h em p , a n d o th e r

fibre s , a sbe sto s , i n d iarubb e r , &c . , i n r oun d , square , a n d o th e rs e c t i o n s .


Sec t io n 100 .

— HEATI N G APPARATUS.

Fo r ge n e ra l purp o se s th i s c om p r i se s Fur n a c e s. S tove s , R a n ge s , O ve n s , B o i le r s ( se eSe c ti o n H o t-bl a st , S te am -h e a te d Ve sse ls, Ga s Je ts , &c .,

m o st Of wh i c h a re to le r ablywe ll k n o w n a n d i n c omm o n use .

Fo r sp e c i a l pur po s e s i n c o n n e c ti o n w i th m a c h i n e ry va i i ous h e a ti n g d e vi c e s a r e r eqa i r e d ,

o fwh i c h ste am a n d ga s a r e th o se m o s t u n ive r sa l ly us e d . Ste am tube s o r c o i ls m ay be c a r i i e dth rough a n y fixe d o r m ovab l e p a r t 0 1 a m a c h i n e . S te am -h e a te d sur fa c e s , suc h a s tab le s ,

p a n s , c h am b e r s , &c ., s te am -ja c k e te d c yl i n d e rs , a n d Sim i la r c o n tr iva n c e s,a r e much use d .

G a s je ts f i om p e r fo r a te d tube s , w h i c h n i a v be sh a p e d to a n y r equ i re d p o s it io n , a r e a lso

c o n ve n i e n t for d ry h e a t a n d h igh e r te m p e ra tur e s th a n c a n be ob ta i n e d fr om s te am .

H o t i ro n s a r e som e ti m e s use d,sh ap e d to fit a c avi ty , but o f c ourse r equi re to b e

r e p la c e d p e r io d i c a lly .

H o t w a te r i n p ip e s o r ja cke ts , a n d h o t a i r in fin e s a r e _c o mmo n a pp l ia n c e s fo r wa rm i n g

a n d d ry i n g ; w i th t h e fo rm e r i ts c ir c u la t io n m u s t be p ro v i d e d fo r, a n d w i th th e la t te r ,

“

e it h e r a fo r c e d d raugh t o r a n up wa r d i n c l i n a t io n g i ve n to th e fin e s to m a i n ta in c ircula t io n .

1876 . G i ll p i p e s fo r ra d ia ti n g th e b e a t o f s te am o r h o t wa te r.1877. G i ll s to v e ,

o n s im i la r p ri n c ip l e , p re s e n ts a n e xte n sive sur fa c e i nc o n ta c t w i th th e a ir fo r ra d ia t io n o f h e a t.

Se c t io n 101 . D RAWI N G AND RO LL I N G METALS, &c .

1878 . R o lls fo r b a r i r o n , gro o ve d to su it th e se c ti o n re quire d,o n e -h a lf

th e g i o o v e be i n g usua l ly i n e a c h ro ll, a n d th e s ize a n d Sh ap e Of th e g roove s a r eg r a d ua t e d d ow n from t h a t o f th e squa r e b i l le t to th e fin i sh e d ba r .

1879 . G r o o v e d r o lls fo r p ro d uc i n g a tap e re d ba r .

1880 . R o lle r s fo r tur n i n g up a n d w e ld i n g tube s from a fla t s trip .

1881 . B e n d i n g r o lle r s .

1882 . R o lls fo r s o l i d ty r e s , w i th out a we ld .

1883 . W i r e d r aw i n g a p p a r a tu s .

Fo r g r ip s fo r d r aw i n g w i re , &c . , s e e N o s . 505 , 5 18 . La th s o f va r i o us s e c tio n s a r e d raw n

th ro ugh su itab le s te e l d i e s by a d r aw b e n c h ; t h e e n d o f t h e la th i s h e ld by a g r ip to n gs .

a n d t h e la th d ra w n fo rc i bly th r ough th e d ie s (us i n g a lubr i c a n t) a n d a fte rwa rd s

st ra igh te n e d . R o lli n g d o i s n o t a n sw e r fo r th i s k i n d o f wo rk .

Th e d raw i n g f l am e us e d fo r c o tt o n a n d o th e r fibre s h a s two,th r e e , o r m o r e p a ir s O f

ro l le i s ; th e lowe r ro l le r s a re g i o o v e d lo n g i tud i n a l ly a n d t h e up pe r o n i s w e i gh te d a n d

c o v e r e d w i th le a th e r , th e lo w e r o n e s D1 i n g g . a i e d toge th e r to d r ive a t p r o p o r ti o n a te

sp e e d s , so th a t i n p a s s i n g t h r ough , th e m a t e i i a l i s s tr e tc h e d be twe e n e a c h pa i r Of ro lle rs , »

t h e Obj e c t b e i n g 10 e x te n d a n d lay a ll th e fibr e s para l le l .

For d rawi n g le ad p ip e s, se c NO . 1 183 . Ea r th e n wa re p ip e s ar e m ad e by a s im i la r pro c e ss .

Se ct io n 102 .-STRUTS AND TI ES.

1884. O r d i n a r y s o l i d sw e lle d d i s ta n c e r o d w i th c o llars , use d fo rc om p r e ss i ve st r a i n s .

1885 . S im i la r s trut , but fo rm e d o f tube w i th e n d c o llars s c rew e d i n .

1886 . D o ub le fiat -b a r c am b e r e d s trut,s ti ffe n e d by d is tan c e p ie c e s

a n d b o lts .

1887 , 1888 1889 , 1890 . S e c ti o n s O f v a r i e ti e s o f th e fo r e go i n g.

189 1 . B r a c e d s trut ; usual ly o f fla t bars o n e d ge , rive te d t oge th e r a t th ei n te rse c t io n s .

1892 . Tub ula r sw e ll e d s trut , o f p la te i ro n ,use d fo r m a sts

,sh e e r le gs ,

c i a n e j ibs , &c .

1893 . B u i l t up s trut , from s egm e n t a l bars .

18 94. Tr us s e d s trut ; th e trus s i n g i s a part , but m ay be a t a n y a n gle ;t h e c e n t ra l b a r O f c o ur se tak e s th e a c tua l th rus t , a n d th e trus s i o d a k e e p i t

from b e n d i n g o r buc k li n g . Se e a lso N o s . 295 to 3 00,3 20.

Ti e s , fo r te n s il e s tra i n o n ly a r e usua l ly Of roun d i ro n , fla t o r o th e rs im ple se c tio n , tube , o r eve n c h a i n , rop e , o r wi re .



Se ct io n 103 .

— MAR I N E E N G I N ES (TY P ES O F) .

Ma n y var i e ti e s w i ll be foun d i llustrate d un d e r Se c tio n 3 2. Th e fo llowi n gar e m o d e rn typ e s

1895 . D i ago n a l p a d d le e n gi n e s , fo r ligh t d raugh t ve s se ls . May o f

c ours e be e i th e r o f two o r thr e e c yli n d e r typ e a n d e i th e r h i ghp re s sure o r c om p oun d .

1896 . O n e o f th e m o s t fav o u r i te ty p e s o f v e r ti c a l o v e r h e a d

c y li n d e r s c r ew e n gi n e s , w i th h a lf s ta n d a rd s a n d d i s ta n c e

r o d s, o n e

,two o r th re e c y l i n d e rs , s im p le o r c om p oun d . Th e

c o n d e n se r i s usually i n th e bac k s ta n d ard s a n d th e pum p s beh i n d .

Sim p li c i ty a n d a c c e ssi bi li ty a r e i ts c h i e f a d va n tage s .

1897. S tem w h e e l,s i d e l e v e r e n gi n e s , n o t o fte n re quire d i n

p ra c ti c e . Th e o rd i n a ry c o n s truc ti o n o f h o rizo n ta l e n gi n e s

usually ac c omm o d a te s i ts e l f fo r ste rn wh e e l d rivi n g. Se e

No s . 575 to 579 , &c .

D o ub le s ta n d a r d v e r ti c a l o v e rh e a d c y li n d e r s c r ew

e n gi n e s , th e typ e c om m o n ly ad o p te d fo r th e h e avi e r c la s s o f

v e s se ls , a n d fre que n tly m ad e fo r trip le e xpa n s i o n . I t i s o f ve ryrigid c o n struc ti o n , but n o t qui te so c o n ve n i e n t fo r a c c e s s i bi l i tyto th e w o rk i n g p arts a s N o . 1896 . Th e c o n d e n s e r a n d p um p s

a r e a t o n e s i d e , bui lt i n to th e s tan d a rd,a n d th e e n gi n e s a r e

h a n d le d from th e op po s i te s id e o r from a n e le va te d p la tfo rm .

1899 . O v e rh e a d c y li n d e r a n d d i sta n c e r o d ty p e , th e l igh te st a n ds im p le st fo rm i n us e fo r sm all e n gi n e s . Eve ry p art i s e a s ilyse e n a n d go t at , a n d th e top w e igh t i s r e d uc e d to a m i n imum .

1900. I s a v a r i e ty o f N o . 18 9 6 ,w i th tan d em c y li n d e rs a n d two

c r a n ks fo r tr ip le e xpa n s i o n .

1901 . I s a ls o a v a r i e ty o f N o . 18 9 8 , w ith ta n d em c yli n d e rs fo rtrip le e xp a n s io n . I n th i s p la n th e i n te rm e d ia te s tuffin g box i s

go t r i d o f by us i n g two p is to n ro d s to th e lo we r c y li n d e r, c oup le dto th e p i s to n r o d o f th e up p e r o r h igh

-

p re ssur e cyli n d e r by a

c ro ssh e ad .

1902 . C om p o un d ov e rh e a d s ta n d a r d e n gi n e s , fo r twi n sc r ews .

1903 . D i ago n a l tw i n s c r ew e n gi n e s .

THE ENGINEER’

S SKE TCH -BOOK. 2 3 7

2 3 8)

THE . ENGI NEER S SKE I CH tB OOK.

H o r i zo n ta l tw i n s c r ew e n gi n e s .

Pla n o f c y li n d e r s a s u sua lly em p loye d fo r No . 1902.

O s c i lla ti n g p a d d le e n gi n e s , som e t im e s m ad e w i th cyli n d e rs a t

90°ap art a n d a s i n gle c ra n k , a s No 5 64.

O v e r h e a d o s c i lla ti n g tw i n s c r e w e n gi n e s .

An n ula r c y l i n d e r p a d d le e n gi n e s .

1909 . O v e rh e a d c y li n d e r s i d e -l e v e r p a d d l e e n gi n e s .

I n ad d it i o n to th e abo v e s om e sp e c ial ty p e s a r e o c c a s io n al ly”

em p l oye d , a s th e W i l la n’

s th re e -c y l i n d e r p la n for s c re w e n gi n e s ,

Se e No . 592 , a l so vari e ti e s o f N o . 5 93 , h igh-sp e e d typ e s .

Sec t io n 104.

—STR I K I N G AND HAMMER I N G : IMPACT.

Th e o rd i n ary app lia n c e s fo r th e s e purp o s e s c om p ri s e h amm e rs o f a l l k i n d s

a n d a n'vi ls o r b lo ck s o f a l l sh ap e s t o sui t th e w o rk ,

ramm e rs a n d

m a l le t s o f w o o d . Th e s te am h amm e r be i n g th e m a c h i n e a lm o s t

i n va riably us e d . i s to o w e ll k n ow n to n e e d i l lus tra ti o n . I t i s

m a d e w i th s i n gl e o r d oubl e s ta n d a rd s,a n d th ough d iffe ri n g

s om e wh a t i n d e ta i ls i s p rac t ic al ly th e sam e m a ch i n e wh e re ve rm a n ufa c ture d .

Th e fo llow i n g a r e app ara tus em p loy e d fo r p art ic ular c ase s,an d n o t s o

w e l l k n ow n .

1910 . Th e d r o p h am m e r , fo r p o we r. Thegrip pulley s ar e put i n ge a rby th e h a n d l e ve r to ra i s e th e h am m e r a n d sh aft : i t i s som e

t im e s wo rke d by h a n d by a s im p le c o rd a n d pull ey .

19 11 . D e a d b low p ow e r h am m e r . Th e c re sc e n t-sh ap e d c ro s sh e adb ar h a s a p o s i tive m o t i o n from th e c ra n k p i n , but th e h am m e rh e a d i s a tta c h e d to i t by s tro n g h o ri zo n tal sp ri n gs , a n d th e re fo reh a s som e l i ttl e p lay abo ve a n d be low a h o rizo n ta l li n e .

1912 . Th e p i le e n gi n e a n d m o n k e y . Th e la t te r i s ge n e rally ra i s e dby a h a n d o r p o we r w i n c h

,b ut a m ultip ly i n g ge a r s te am o r

h y d rauli c c y li n d e r h a s b e e n e mp loy e d .

A n o th e r fo rm o f d e a d b low p ow e r h am m e r,but w i th a

s tra igh t lam i n a te d pla te sp ri n g, to wh ic h th e h amm e r h e ad i s

fixe d .

An o th e r ty p e o f s p r i n g p ow e r h am m e r .


2 40 THE ENGINEER’

S SKETCH -BOOK.

1915 . R e v o lv i n g c e n tr i fuga l r a p i d b low h am m e r .

19 1 6 . Th e o l d -fa sh i o n e d ti lt h am m e r , s t i ll i n use i n m an y p la c e s ,e sp e c ia lly wh e re wa te r-p o w e r i s e m p loy e d .

Fo r s tam p s , &c . ,s e e N o s . 250 271 .

B e s id e s th e fo re go in g th e re i s th e ga s h amm e r o f Me ssr s .

Ta n gye , th e p n e um a ti c h amm e r, a n d a va ri e ty o f powe rh am m e r w ith va ri able s troke . Se e N o . 1 606 .

Se c t io n 105 .

— SOUN D .

I n strum e n ts fo r th e p ro d uc tio n o f soun d a re sc ar c e ly w i th i n t he p r o v i n c e o f th e m e c h a n ic a l

19 17.

19 18 .

1919 .

1 920 .

1921 .

e n gi n e e r , but o f la te ye a rs seve ra l o f th em h ave b e e n em p lo ye d i n c o n n e c t io n

w i th m e c h a n i c a l m e a n s fo r p ro d uc i n g s o u n d— fo r fo g s ig n a ls , wh is tl i n g , a n d

o th e r fo rm s o f soun d s ig n a ll i n g. Mus ic a l soun d s a r e p r o d uc e d by vibra t io no f a i r from w i n d , s tr i n g, o r r e e d i n s trum e n ts . I n w i n d i n s tr um e n ts th e

vib ra ti o n i s p r o d uc e d by th e l ip s a n d m o d ifie d by th e sh a p e a n d le n g t h o f

t h e tube . St ri n gs ar e e i th e r bowe d , a s i n t h e fid d le , struck , a s i n th e p ia n o .

o r fin ge r e d , a s i n t h e h a rp . R e e d s a re sp ri n gs v ib ra te d by a c ur r e n t o f a ir .

I n th e li a rm o n i i im a n d c o n c e r t i n a c la ss o f i n s trum e n ts th e r e a re n o tube s o r

p ip e s a d d e d to t h e r e e d s to m o d i fy th e soun d s p ro d uc e d ; but i n th e o rga n

p i p e th e r e e d s h ave p i p e s a d d e d w h i c h gr e a t ly augm e n t a n d qua l ify th e

so un d s . O th e r spe c ia l sou n d -p r o d uc i n g i n s trum e n ts a r e i l lus tra te d h e r e .

Th e S i r e n , o r s te am tu rb i n e W h i stle , th e loud e s t i n s t rum e n tk n ow n , c o n s i s ts o f a s lo tte d c y li n d ri c a l d rum re vo lvi n g i n s i d e a

fixe d d rum ; th e slo ts a r e a n gular ( s e e p la n ) , s o th a t th e rush o f

s t e am re vo lve s th e i n n e r lo o se d rum rap id ly a n d th e s ou n d i s

d ire c te d by th e trum p e t-sh ap e d h o od . A pa ir o f s lo tte d d i s c si s a lso som e t im e s use d fo r th e sam e purp o s e i n s te ad o f th e

s lo tt e d d rum s .

M e c h a n i c a l fo g-h o r n ; o rd i n ary be llows ar e o fte n us e d to supp lyth e b la s t .

I r o n go n g, struc k w i th a m uffle d h amm e r .

H a rm o n ium r e e d s , o r fr e e r e e d s ; th e to n gue c o ve rs a slo t o f

sam e s i ze a n d sh ap e , a n d c a n v ibra te i n to a n d o ut o f i t, but

w i th out to uc h i n g i ts e d ge s ; th e gravi ty o f to n e o r p i tc h d e p e n d s

o n th e s i ze a n d th i ck n e ss o f th e to n gue .

O rga n r e e d p i p e th e to n gue A i n th is c a se be a ts , w i th a ro lli n gc o n ta c t , up o n th e re e d B,

w h i c h i s tub ular, c lo s e d a t bo ttom a n d

o p e n i n g a t t o p i n to th e p i p e 0 ,wh i c h e xte n d s upward s from th e

b lo c k D E i s th e tun i n g w ire wh i c h regula te s th e vibra ti n g o r

fre e le n gth o f th e to n gue .

1922 1923 . W o o d a n d m e t a l o rga n p i p e s , wh i c h a r e p ra c t ic a llyla rge w h i stle s , th e vibra t io n o f th e c o lum n o f a i r i n th e p ip e

be i n g p ro d uc e d by th e w i n d s trik i n g th e e d ge o f th e l ip A.

Ste am wh i stle s a r e be lls w i th a ri n g-sh ap e d sli t be lo w,from

wh i c h th e i ssui n g s te am s tr ike s th e lo we r e d ge o f th e b e ll .

Oth e r fo rm s a r e n o w m a d e givi n g a m o re m us i c a l s oun d , a n d i n

som e c a se s a d ouble n o te , usua l ly an i n te rva l o f a m ajo r th ird,

a s 0 by a m o d ifie d fo rm o f p ip e wi th two lip s .

Striki n g be l ls o f va rious sh ap e s a r e e xte n s ive ly use d .

Go n gs a r e c h e e se -sh ap e d m e ta lli c h o llow susp e n d e d ve sse ls , a n da r e s truck by a m u ffle d h amm e r .

Mus i c a l sou n d s a r e a l so p ro d uc e d from slip s o f glass , o r c h ille diro n , gla ss b e lls a n d tumble rs , a n d also from r e so n a n t m agn e tic

i ro n blo c k s .

1924, 1925 , 1926 . Se e Se c . 98 .

THE ENGI NEBE’

S SKETCH -B OOK. 2 4 1

42 ;THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

Se ct io n 106 .— DOORS, MAN H O LES AND COV ERS.

1927. Ap p li c a ti o n o f a s i n gl e c r o s sh e a d a n d b o lt to c lo se two

c o ve rs , a s i n a pum p c l a c k-bo x .

1928 . C o n e s e a te d c o v e r , w i th h a n d-li ft i n g c r o s sbar a n d re c e ss .

1929 . C r o s sh e a d a n d m a n o r m ud -h o le , a s c omm o n ly use d fo r

b o i le rs , &c .

1930 . C a s t-i r o n m a n h o l e a n d b lo c k ; T-h e ad bo lts ar e ge n e rallyuse d , but a l s o e y e

-bo l t s , a s i n N o . 937.

193 1. W r ough t-i r o n p la te l i d , o r c ove r fo r a ta n k .

193 2. W r o ugh t-i r o n d i sh e d c o v e r , w i th h i n ge d c ro ssbar a n d T-s c rewuse d la rge ly fo r ga s re to rts .

193 3 . Fu r n a c e d o o r h i n ge d , w ith i n sid e p late to p ro te c t th e d o o r fromth e h e at .

1934. M a n h o le d o o r w i th w a te r s e a l , o r pa cke d r e c e ss to ke e pba ck ga se s , sm e ll

, &c .

193 5 . S c r ew e d p lug h a n d h o le .

193 6 . W r o ugh t-i r o n b o i le r m a n h o le c o v e r , a n d b lo c k,a sp e c i al

m a n ufac ture .

1937. Typ e o f s li d i n g d o o r ; c a n be m ad e a i rt igh t by p lan i n g th e

s e a ti n gs .

H i n ge d d o o rs a r e w e ll-k n o wn . Fo r b i n gi n g, s e e Se c ti o n 50. Fo r

fa s te n i n gs , se e L o ck i n g De vice s , Se c t io n 49.

Se e a lso No s . 93 1 , 93 7, 940 , 962.


2 46

1938 .

19 18 .

1949.


Se ct io n l .

—AN C H O R I N G .

(Se e a lso 10 .

R o c k a n c h o r fo r susp e n si o n br id ge c h a i n o r a guy.

S e a a n c h o r ; a n y flo a ti n g b od y ( imm e rs e d ) p re se n t i n g a large are ato th e w a te r

,a s a sp ar a n d sa i l , qua n t ity o f bulky c a rgo , o r raf t

o f t im be r.

C o n c r e te a n c h o r : m a s s e s o f c o n c re te a r e use d a s a n c h o rs u n d e rw a te r, o r s un k i n th e g ro un d .

Po r ta b l e m a c h i n e s a r e a n c h o r e d by a t ta c h i n g m o vab le w e igh tst o th e l e gs o r b as e p l a te s o f th e m a c h i n e , a lso by d ri vi n g s take s

i n to th e grou n d a ro un d th e m a c h i n e .

Sec t io n 2 .

— ADJU STI N G D EV I C ES.

(Se e a l >0 p .

R a tc h e t r o d fo r a djus ti n g a n d l o ck i n g a le ve r i n a n y re quire dp o s i tio n .

M i c r om e te r s c r ew a d jus tm e n t fo r a le ve r o r c ra n k a rm,wh i c h

m ay b e lo c ke d to i ts sh a ft by t h e c lip bo s s a n d s c re w,o r re le a s e d

a t w i ll .

Sp r i n g p aw l a d jus tm e n t ; h a s suffic i e n t gri p to h o ld aga i n st a

m o d e ra te pre s sure , but m ay be m ove d by i n c re a s e d p re ssur e .

M i c r om e te r a d jus tm e n t fo r a c am le ve r gri p .

M i c r om e te r s c r ew,w i th sw ive l m o t io n .

W e d ge a n d p i n i o n a d jus tm e n t, use d fo r app ly i n g p re s sure totyp e i n p ri n te rs

’

fo rm e s .

Ad jus ta b le r a c k fo r a n y fixi n g, s e c ure d by a s tap le b olt.

Ad jus tm e n t fo r a s p i r a l to r s i o n s p r i n g to regula te i ts te n s io n .

C a lli p e r s w i th fin e a d ju s tm e n t by a tap e r s c re w ,tapp e d i n to

a h o le i n th e sp li t l e g, s o th a t th e tap e r s c re w s pri n gs o p e n th e

sli t a n d thus e xte n d s th e o p e n i n g o f th e c a ll ip e r le gs .

Ad jus t i n g p aw l a n d h e a d fo r a djus ti n g th e te n s io n o r c om p re ss i o n o f a to rs io n sp ri n g, wh i c h i s fixe d to th e sp i n d le .

S c r ew a d jus tm e n t fo r r o lle r s to m a i n ta i n p aralle li sm .


THE EN GINEER’

S SKE TOH -B OOK.

1 950. Ad ju stm e n t fo r e xp a n d i n g a sp l i t b o r e r , re am e r o r r o s e b i t ,w i th m i c rom e te r gra d ua t i o n .

S c r ew a d jus tm e n t fo r a le v e r.Ad ju s tab le c e n tr e p i n ,

trave rs e d by a s c rew , a n d fixe d afte ra djus tm e n t by a n ut a n d w a sh e r .

F i n e s c r e w a d ju stm e n t fo r a n y m o vab l e p art .F i n e s c r ew a d ju s tm e n t fo r a ra d ia l a rm .

D i v i s i o n p la te , w i th d i ffe re n t ia l d ivi d i n g o n i ts o pp o s ite fa c e s .

B e lts , b a n d s , & c .,a r e a djus te d by c o rre sp o n d i n g s e ri e s o f h o le s

a n d la c e s , s c re ws o r rive ts to fit th em .

Se c t io n 13 .

—BELT G EAR I N G .

(S e e a lso p .

195 6 . F a s t a n d lo o s e p u lle y s ; th e fa s t p ul‘e y i s large r i n d iam e te r

th a n th e lo o s e p ull e y , to a l lo w th e b e l t to r un sla c k w h e n run n i n gi d le .

R o u n d rub b e r b e lt ge a r .

D e v i c e fo r tigh te n i n g a b e lt tw o gu id e p ulle ys a r e r un o n s tud s

fixe d t o a r o c k i n g love r , th e p ull o f'

t h e be lt ro c k s th i s le ve r a sfa r a s th e sl a c k o f b e l t w i l l a l lo w ,

thus k e e p i n g th e be l t t i gh t .

W i d e b e lt p ulle y s , c a s t w i th a d ouble se t o f a rm s ( sh o wn i n s e c t io n ) .B e lt d r iv e fo r tw o p ul l e y s .

V e e b e lts a r e use d to r un o ve r V gro ove d pul ley s . Se e No . 1243 .

L i n k b e lts fo rm e d o f le a th e r l i n k s c o n n e c te d by s t e e l w i re c e n tre si n th e fo rm o f a w i d e p i tc h e d c h a i n (a s No .

C o r d b e lts ar e fo rm e d o f gut tap e rc h a , i n d ia rubbe r , l e a th e r, r aw

h i d e o r c a tgut .

R aw h i d e i s fre que n tly us e d fo r b e l ts ; i t i s s tro n ge r th a n le ath e r,h ard e r i n s ubs ta n c e a n d l e s s p o rous .

Se ct io n 4.

—BALL AND SOC K ET JO I NTS.

( S e e a lso p .

1 96 1 . Sw i n gi n g fix i n g, w i th ba l l a n d c up jo i n t .1 9 62 . B a ll j o i n t fo r a n y sw i n gi n g fixi n g re qu ire d to be re le a s e d o r s e c ure d

i n va rio us p o s i t io n s .

Se ct io n 5 .

— BRAK ES AND R ETARD I N G AP P L IAN C ES.

(Se e a lso p .

1963 . S te am e n gi n e d a sh -p o t ; a s te am c ush io n i n g d e vi c e fo r va lve

m ovem e n ts . Th e c y li n d e r i s a lway s full o f s te am u n d e r p re s sure ,a n d a sm all by e -p a ss gro o ve p ro vid e d to a l lo w s te am to pa ss th e

p i s to n wh e n a b low o r push i s r e c e ive d . Se e No . 1480.


1964. R a i lw ay c a r b r a k e,fulc rum e d o n th e a xle sp ri n g, so th a t th e

l o ad e d c a r g ive s th e p r e s sure ap p l i e d th ro ugh th e l e ve r.1 9 65 . D o ub le c a r b r a k e ; a p pl i e s th e gr ip to th e wh e e l r im w i th o ut

c ro s s o r s i d e s tra i n o n t h e axl e .

B r u s h b r a k e . A brush o f s ti ff bri s tle s o r s te e l w i re s i s som e tim e s

U s e d a s a brake t o a r e vo l v i n g pulley .

Se ct io n 6 .

- BC ILERS, TY P ES O F .

(S e e a lso 19.

19 6 6 . B o i le r,w i th fu r n a c e fo r c o n sum i n g tow n r e fus e . Me ld rum

Bro s . p a te n t , fitte d w i th fo rc e d d ra ugh t furn a c e .

Se c t io n 7.

— BLOWI N G AND EXHAUSTI N G .

(S e e a lso 19.

1967. Typ e o f a i r p r o p e lle r , o r W i n d tur b i n e,n o t c e n trifugal ; th e

a i r i s d rive n p a r a ll e l to th e a x i s o f th e fa n .

Se c t io n 8 .— BED-P LATES

,FO U N DATIO NS AND FRAMI N G

CF MAC H I N ES.

(S e e a lso p .

1 968 . Sh run k ri n g fa s te n i n g fo r s e gm e n ts o f wh e e l s , b e d -p la te s a n d

f ram i n g A Wrough t-i ro n ri n g i s sh run k o ve r two lugs c ast o n

th e a d jo i n i n g p i e c e s o f th e fram e,&c .

196 9 . F o un d a ti o n fo r ga s e n gi n e o n a fir e -pro o f flo o r , w i th s e ve rallay e rs o f t e l t be tw e e n to d im i n i sh vibra t i o n a n d n o i s e .

1 970 . B o x b e d -p la te , s om e t im es use d a s a ta n k ,a i r re se rvo i r

,surfac e

c o n d e n s e r , &c .

1971 . S t a n d a r d ty p e o f s ta n d fo r a l igh t m a c h i n e .

1 972 . B o x -b e d,fr am e o r p li n th ,

c o n s truc te d o f fla t c a s ti n gs jo i n e d bygro o ve s a n d fill e ts a n d lo n g b e l ts o r rive ts .

C o lum n s , h a n d r a i li n g, a n d o th e r p a rts o f m a c hi n e fram i n gs a r e

us e l a s a i r -ve s s e ls , d ra i n -

p ip e s , a n d fo r e n c lo s i n g w o rk i n g r o d s

a n d l a i t s o f m a c h i n e s .

Se c t io n 9 .

-CAM,TAP P ET AND WI P E R G EAR .

(Se e a lso p .

Cum p la te a n d le v e r s , w i th r e i k i n g m o t i o n ; th e slo ts c a n befo rm e d to give a n y i n te rm i t te n t , o r va r i able m o ti o n to th e le ve re n d s .

C am le v e r m o ti o n from a re c ip ro c a t i n g r o d .


2 5 2 THE ENGI NEER S . SKE TCH-B OOK.

1 975 . Sp i r a l o r W h e e l c am to give a r e c ip r o c a t n g m o tio n to a ba r .

1 976 . C om p o u n d c am t o o p e ra te a n um l e r o f rad i a l grip s o r a rm s .

1977. I n t e r n a l c om p o un d c am to o p e ra te a n um be r o f ra d ia l s l id e s fo ri n te rn a l grip .

Se c t io n 10 .—”RAN K AND ECC E NTR I C G EAR .

(Se e a lso 19.

H i n ge d h a n d -c r a n k .

Jo y’s p a t e n t h y d r au l i c e c c e n tr i c fo r s te am e n gi n e re ve rs i n g

ge a r.r

l‘

h e c e n tre b lo c k— k e y e d to th e c ra n k sh a ft— h a s two sm a l lram s w o rk i n g i n c yl i n d e rs i n th e sh e av e

,a n d th e p o s i t io n o f th e

e c c e n tri c i s c o n t ro l l e d by a h a n d -l e ve r a n d p um p fo r c i n g o i l i n to

th e c y l i n d e rs th ro ugh a c h a n n e l i n th e c ra n k sh a f t a n d ram s .

1980 . D ou b l e e c c e n tr i c , w i th tw o d iam e te rs o r th row s to give a lte rn a te lytw o d i ffe re n t l e n gt h s o f s tro k e to a n e c c e n tri c r o d .

S h i fti n g e c c e n tr i c s . Se e V a lv e ge a r ,“

Se c t io n 79.

C r a n k s h a ft go v e r n o r ge a r . Se e d i tto , d i t to .

Th r e e -th r oW b e n t c r a n k .

D i a go n a l c r a n k p i n to g ive a ro tary re c ip ro c a t i n g m o ti o n a s we llI S a n up a n d d o w n m o tio n to a p i s to n o r r o d .

Ad ju s t a b le h a n d c r a n k . Se e N o s . 2570 , 226 5 , 2523 .

Ad jus t a b l e e c c e n tr i c s . Se e No s . 188 , 189 , 190.

E c c e n t r i c c r a n k m o ti o n . Se e No s . 174,

1983 . E c c e n t r i c v a r i a b l e -t h r ow c r a n k p i n . Th e p i n i s form e d o n

a n e c c e n t r i c s t o c k w h i c h c a n b e re vo lve i by a w o rm a n d wh e e l .1 984. C r a n k m o ti o n t o give , fro m o n e c ra n k h av i n g a re gula r m o t io n

,a n

i r re gula r n ro t io n to a s e c o n d c ra n k o r vi c e ve rsa . Th e spe e d o f

th e s lo tte d c ra n k v a ri e s th rough o ut i ts c irc le o f re vo lutio n .

Se c t io n 11 .

— C HAI N G EAR .

(Se e a lso p

“ C h a i n G e a r C o .

’s”

p a te n t p i t c h c h a i n . Th e te n d e n c y o f

th e c h a i n to tra ve l t o th e p o i n t o f th e t e e th i s be li e ve d to k e e p i ta lway s up to p i tc h .

1986 . Pi t c h e d C h a i n,w i th fla t l i n k s

,o p e n c e n tre a n d c y l i n d r i c a l d i s ta n c e

p i n s A A t o fit a sp ro c ke t wh e e l . B i c y c le d ri ve c h a i n s a r e o f

th i s c la ss .

Se e p . 15 2 fo r Ch a i n Wh e e ls .

Se ct io n l Q .

—CARR IAG ES AND CARS.

(Se e a lso 10 .

1987. Sw iv e lli n g ge a r fo r c a r W h e e ls .

IS8 0 .

THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH-B OOK.

19 8 2 .

IS 7O.

IBB4

2 53


Sect iQ n 13 .

— C R U SH I N G , G R I N D I N G do D I SI NTEG RATI N G .

(Se e a lso 19 .

1988. E c c e n tr i c d i s c gr i n d i n g m i ll. Th e d i s c s h ave gr oo ve d fa c e s ,a n n ular , ra d ia l o r s p ira l .

1989 . G r i n d i n g fa c e to o l , w i th s egm e n ts o f sto n e o r em e ry .

1990 . H u n t i n gd o n’s s t am p m i ll.

Sur fa c e gr i n d i n g, fil i n g a n d p o li sh i n g ; a r e p e rfo rm e d by m e a n s

o f em e ry , fil e s , gl a s s a n d em e ry p a p e r a n d c l o th,re vo lvi n g s to n e s

a n d em e ry wh e e ls , brush e s , e n d le ss ban d s fe d with em e ry a n d

o th e r p o wd e rs , &c .

1990A. B a ll m i ll fo r gri n d i n g vari ous substa n c e s .

Se c t io n 15 .

— C LUTC H ES.

(Se e a lso 19 .

C o i l-gr ip fr i c ti o n c lutc h . By th e Sh aw E n gi n e e ri n g B ri s to l.Th e c o i l i s o f s te e l , i n th e fo rm o f a sp ri n g

I n te r n a l gr i p fr i c ti o n c lutc h . Th e i n te rn a l ri n g i s sp li t a t o n es i d e a n d exp a n d e d by th e o va l p i n a tta c h e d to th e a rm . Th e

la tte r i s usua lly r e c i p ro c a te d by a slid i n g sle e ve o n th e sh aft (a sN o .

Jaw c lutc h th row n i n to ge a r by p art ial re vo lutio n .

Sect io n 16 .

— CO U P L I N GS FO R SHAFTI N G .

(Se e a lso 29 .

C o up li n g t o a llow tw o sh a ft e n d s t o ru n a li ttle ou t o f

l i n e ; t h e c e n tre p i e c e h as a c ro s s fe a th e r a t e a c h e n d a t r igh ta n gle s to e a c h o th e r , w h i c h e n gage w i th c ro ss gro o ve s i n th e sh a ft

e n d p i e c e s .

Sp li t s l e e v e c oup li n g t igh te n e d o n th e sh aft by two c o n e bush e s

a n d n uts .

F la n ge c o up l i n g, w i th re c e ss e d gro o ve s fo r th e bo l t h e ad s a n d

n uts .

An gle c o up li n g fo r sh afts,i n s te ad o f b e vi l ge ari n g .

An gle c o up l i n g fo r sh a fts a t a n y a n gl e ( sh o w n a t a n gl e o f

c o n s i s t i n g o f fo ur c ra n k p i n s sl id i n g a n d r e vo lvi n g l n h o le s b o re di n th e sh a ft e n d s .

Se ct io n 17.

—CO N N ECTI N G RO DS AND L INKS.

(Se e a lso 19.

Sp r i n g c o n n e c ti n g r o d o f s te e l o r w o o d .

Atta c h m e n t fo r c o n n e c ti n g r o d t o a p um p r am,w i th p r o

vi s i o n fo r taki n g up th e bra s s e s by a lo n g s c re w .

C o n n e c ti n g r o d e n d ,th e ba c k bra ss be i n g se t up by a s e t scre w

w i th c o n e d p o i n t , w h i c h d i sp la c e s by p e n e tra ti o n a n um b e r o f

s t e e l ba l ls o r sh o t .

2002. S o l i d r o d e n d,w i th w e d ge gib a n d n ut adjus tm e n t fo r bra s s e s ;

th e la t te r ta ke o ut s id e way s .

2003 .

“ M a r i n e”c o n n e c ti n g r o d e n d .


z56 THE ENGI NEERS SKE TCH -B OOK.

“ M a r i n e ”c o n n e c ti n g r o d e n d

,w i th m e ta l c a p , a n d o n e h a lf

bras s .

W e d ge c o tte r a n d b r a s s b e a r i n g to take th e th rust o f a c o n

n e c t i n g r o d ofi i ts c e n tre p i n .

2006 . S o li d e n d fo r c o n n e c ti n g r o d ; bra sse s a r e s e t up by a c ap s ta n

s c rew .

An ti-fr i c ti o n r o d e n d,wh e re th e stra i n i s al l o n o n e strok e ( a s

i n s i n gle -a c ti n g p um p s), th e s tra i n c om i n g o n th e fri c tio n ro lle r.

2008. S im p le c o n n e c ti n g r o d e n d a n d h a lf bra ss fo r s i n gle -ac ti n gp um p s , &c .

S o l i d li n k ,w i th sw i ve lli n g segm e n ts h ouse d i n a box fo rm e d o n

th e va lve sp i n d le .

2010 . C o n n e c t i n g r o d e n d,w i th e n d blo ck to take out s id eways wh e n

th e br a s s e s c a n b e rem o ve d .

2011 . R o d e n d , w i th fixe d p i n se c ure d by a c o tte r a n d n ut.

2012 C o n n e c t i n g r o d e n d , c r o s sh e a d an d gud ge o n , sh ow i n g m e talr e n e w ab le p lugs l e t i n o n th e w e a ri n g fa c e s o f th e gud ge o n p i n .

S tr a p e n d,w i th d i ago n a l k e y . Som etim e s m o r e a c c e ssible th a n

a. s tra igh t key .

Se ct io n 18 .—CRAN ES, TY P ES OF.

(S e e a lso p . 46 )

2014. C r a n e , w i th s li d i n g Jl b .

2015 . Sus p e n d e d tr a v e l li n g h a n d c r a n e .

2016 . B a s em e n t c r a n e, p roje c te d d iago n a lly upward wh e n i n use . Th e

w i n c h i s a fixe d o n e .

2017. L o o p h o le c r a n e, p roje c te d h o ri zo n ta lly wh e n i n use by a h a n d

r o p e ge ar wo rk i n g a p i n io n a n d ra ck , o r by a c h a i n w o un d up o n

a barre l.

2 0m


2 0 0 5 .

2 0 0 9

2DR3

2 0 Mi

QOHi

58 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK:

20 18 . Tr av e lli n g W h a r f c r a n e to sp a n a r a i lway.

Sec t io n 20.—COMP E NSATI N G AND BALAN C E WE I G HTS.

(S e e a lso 10 .

B a la n c e fo r a susp e n d e d l igh t, lam p o r sim i lar a rt ic le . a llow i n gi t to be ra is e d o r low e re d wh i l e th e ba la n c e W e igh t o n ly trave lsh a l f th e d i s ta n c e , a n d i s th e re fo re twi c e th e w e igh t o f th e a r tic le sbala n c e d .

B a l a n c e b o x . Th e c o ve r i s m ad e a s h e avy a s th e box .

B a la n c e d c utte r h e a d fo r a m i lli n g o r m ould i n g m a c h i n e .

Sec t io n 21 .

—C I RC U LAR AND R EC I P ROCATI N G MOTI O N .

(Se e a ls o p .

2022 . Th e D a k e s qua r e p i s to n e n gi n e h a s a r e c ip ro c a t i n g d o ublep i s to n a n d a tra n sve rs e s l id i n g blo c k , by wh i c h ro tary m o t io n i s

c omm un i c a te d to th e c ra n k p i n .

2023 . C h a pm a n’s p a te n t c r a n k m o ti o n . I n th i s ge ar th e c yli n d e rs

a r e fixe d a t r igh t a n gle s a n d th e i r s tro ke s a r e fo ur t im e s th e

ra d ius o f th e c ra n k,wh i c h i s c ouple d by a l i n k w i th e qua l a rm s

(o f th e sam e ra d ius a s th e c ra n k ) to th e two c ro s sh e a d s d ire c t .

2024. C r a n k m o ti o n . Th e c ra n k p i n run s i n a s le e ve h a v i n g a s l id in g

m o t io n alo n g th e le ve r.

2025. C r a n k m o ti o n ( i n p la n ) , w i th s id e c o n n e c t i n g r o d a n l o fi'

gu id e .

Th e c ra n k sh a ft c r o s s e s th e p is to n r e d a s n e a r a s m ay be .

C r a n k m o ti o n,w i th s em i-y o ke c ro ssh e ad .

D i tto w i th yok e c o n n e c ti n g r o d .

D i t to fo r a pum p , th e h a n d le d e s c r ibe s a n e ll ip tic p a th .

B o uc h e t ’s c r a n k m o ti o n to a vo id d e ad c e n tre s .

E c c e n tr i c h a n d c r a n k m o ti o n . Th e c o n n e c ti n g r o d h a s a r in gsh ap e d e n d , a n d t h e s tra p i s re vo lve d o n th e c e n tre p i n by a

h a n d le fixe d to i t.


6 0 THE ENGINEER S SKE TCH B OOK .

203 1 . C r a n k m o ti o n to w o rk a slid i n g to o l o r m o vem e n t o n a ba r o r

gui d e .

2032. O ffs e t c r o s s h e a d a n d gu i d e c r a n k m o ti o n fo r a pum p o r a ir

c o m p re s s o r.C r a n k m o ti o n to d rive a sw i n g a rm ,

o r vi c e ve r sa.

S i d e c r a n k m o t i o n .

Atk i n s o n ’

s c r a n k m o ti o n to d rive th e fly wh e e l two re vo luti o n sto o n e d ouble s tro k e o f th e p i s to n .

Se c t io n 22 .

— CO N C E NTRATED POWER .

(S e e a ls o 19.

203 6 . C om p o u n d le v e r sh e a r s .

2037. L e v e r a n d fr am e ge a r fo r ap p ly i n g gre a t le v e rage , w i th a

d e te n t t o p re ve n t run n i n g ba c k .

Sec t io n 23 .— CO NV EY I N G MOTI O N TO MOVABL E PARTS

O F MAC H I N ERY .

(S e e a lso p .

2038. Jo i n te d tub e fo r a tra v e l l in g, h yd rauli c , s te am , o r c om p re ss e da i r

,h o i s ti n g, o r o th e r e n gi n e .

203 9 . A t r a v e l li n g W h e e l m ay be d ri ve n by a l o n g p i n i o n w i th out

a ti'

e c ti n g th e trave ll i n g m ove m e n t o f th e w h e e l .

2040. Tr a v e ll i n g sp ur ge a r s im i la r t o la s t,to c o n ve y c o n ti n uo us

m o t i o n to a trave lli n g m a c h i n e .

H y d r au l i c tr a n s fe r . Two ro tary m o to rs (h y d raul i c ) a r e use d,

o n e a s d rive r,th e o th e r a s m o to r, a n d c o n n e c t e d to ge th e r by two

p ip e s fo rm i n g th e suc t io n a n d d e l ive ry p ip e s , by wh i c h a

c o n t i n uo us C e ll lat I l i s k e p t up , a n d th e m o t o r d rive n by th e

d rive r,th e l a tte r b e i n g d r ive n from a sh a ft o r e n gi n e . Th e p ip e s

m ay be tak e n a gre a t d i s ta n c e , i f m ad e la rge e n ough .

Se ct io n 24.

— C UTTI N G TOOLS.

(Se e a lso p .

2041 . Pi n b o r e r , fo r- c utti n g out c ircular bla n ks w i th a c e n tral h o le , suc h

a s w a sh e rs , &c .

W o bb li n g c i r c u la r s aw to c ut d o ve ta il gro o ve s .

E xp a n s i v e fa c i n g, o r b o r i n g p i n b i t .

R e v o lv i n g c u tte r,w i th adjus tabl e i n s e rte d c irc ular c utte r.

I n s e r te d c i r c u la r s aW te e th,e a s i ly sh a rp e n e d , re s e t, o r re p la c e d .

C h a i n c u t t e r .

H o llow ta p e r bu n g b o r e r . B o re s a tap e r h o le by e n la rgi n g a

p la i n h o l e b o re d by a n o rd i n ary b i t .2048. S qua r e h o le b o r i n g b i t , fo r w o o d . A square ch i se l c o n ta i n i n g

a tw i s t b o re r.Tur n i n g to o l fo r m e ta l. Fro n t to o l .

D i tto d i tt o Kn i fe to o l .C h a s i n g to o l fo r V th r e ad s .

Tur n i n g to o l fo r m e ta l . Sc re w to o l fo r squar e th r e ad .

TEE ENGINEER S SKE TCH-B OOK.2 6 I

2 6 2 THE E NGINEER S SKETCH -“

B 0 0K.

2053 . Tur n i n g to o l fo r m e ta l . V t o o l.

D i tto d i tto V to o l fo r i n s i d e th re ad s .

D i tto d i tto Sid e to o l fo r square sh o uld e rs .

205 6. D i tto d i tto r igh t h a n d .

Di tto d i tto Bo ri n g to o l.

D i tto d i tto d i tto fo r squa re sh ould e r s .

D i tto d i tto

2060. H a n d p la n i n g to o l fo r s oft m e ta ls —le ad , p ew te r, &c .

D itto fo r w o o d , w i th th e gra i n .

D i tto d itto e n d gra i n .

206 3 . Pa r i n g go uge fo r wo o d .

2064. H o llow i n g gouge fo r wo o d .

2065 . C r o s s gr o o v i n g p la n e . Ha s two cutte r s o n e to m ark th e c ut o n

e a c h s id e,th e o th e r to p la n e out th e sh avi n g.

206 6 . To o l fo r Cutt i n g c i r c ula r h o le s i n w rough t-i r o n p late s ; gu id e d

c h i se l a n d h amm e r . Th e Sun d ale p a te n t.

2067. H o llow c o n e p a r i n g to o l fo r p o in t in g p i n s , le ad p e n c i l s , &c .

206 8. To o l h e a d fo r a d rilli n g m a ch i n e , w ith th re e o r fo ur h i n ge d d r illh o ld e rs .

206 9 a n d 2070. Ad jus ta b le b o r i n g b i ts .

2071 a n d 2072. B o ttom i n g o r r o s e d r i lls .

2073 a n d 2074. C y l i n d e r a n d flute d d r i lls fo r e n larg in g a n d fin ish i n gh o l e s .



2075 . C om p ou n d c y li n d e r d r i ll , flute d , a n d p ro vi d e d w ith o i l ch an n e l .2076 . B o r i n g b a r h e a d .

2077. To o l h o ld e r fo r la th e,sh ap e r, o r p la n e r to o ls .

Se ct io n 25 .— CO N D E NS I N G AND COO L I N G .

(S e e a lso 17. 6 6 )

Kl e i n ’s a tm o sp h e r i c c o o le r . Th e h o t w a te r i s spray e d aga i n s t

th e upp e r surfa c e s o f a n um b e r o f ve rt i c a l m e ta l sh e e ts , a n d

tri c k l e s d o w n i n to a tro ugh . Th e n a tura l c irc ula t io n o f a i r

b e twe e n th e sh e e ts , c om b i n e d w i th a p artia l e vap o ra t io n , c o o ls

th e wa te r to a s l ow a s 20°

be l o w n o rm a l tem p e ra ture .

I n j e c to r c o n d e n s e r , w i th h o t w e ll , fo o t va lve , a n d a i r pum p .

C o o li n g fo u n ta i n a n d tr a y s f o r c o n d e n s e r w a t e r .

C o o l i n g p o n d s o f a re a p ro p o rt io n a te to th e qua n t i ty a n d tem

p e r a tur e o f th e w a te r,a r e us e d to c o o l c o n d e n se r wa te r wh e re th e

sup p ly i s l im i te d .

F o u n ta i n a n d s p r a y j e ts a r e als o us e d i n c o n jun c tio n wi th a

p o n d fo r c o o li n g c o n d e n s e r w a te r.Kor t i n g

’

s je t c o n d e n s e r . Se e No . 2212.

Se c t io n 26 .

—CO N C E NTRATI N G AND SE PARATI N G .

(Se e a lso 10 .

2080A. C e n tr i fuga l s e p a r a to r w i th a i r bla s t . Th e m a te ria l i s fe d i n toth e t o p c o n e o n th e re vo lvi n g ve rti c a l sh a ft , a n d trave ls d ow naga i n s t a n a ir b la s t from be l ow.

Se ct io n 27.—C H O P P I N G

,SL I C I N G AND MI N C I N G .

(Se e a lso 19 .

208 1. M a c h i n e fo r s li c i n g r o o ts . Th e ro lle r h a s c utte rs sh a p e d to

sh re d th e ro o ts to a n y gauge o f fin e n e s s re qui re d , a n d a fixe d ra c ko r brush a t A to c l e a n th e te e th .

2082 . M i ll fo r c h o p p i n g o r gr i n d i n g, i n wh i c h th e two ro lle rs a r e

d rive n a t d i ffe r e n t p e riph e ra l sp e e d s .

Se c t io n 28 .

- C H U C KS, amps AND H O LD ERS.

(Se e a lso

2 083 . S o c k e ts fo r v a r i o u s to o ls,& c . Se c ti o n s : th e se a r e m ad e

e ith e r w i th p a ra l l e l o r t ap e r h o l e s . W i th p a ra l le l h o l e s a s e t

sc re w o r k e y i s us e d t o se c ure th e to o l i n th e so c ke t. Se c Se c . 3 7.

S c r eW c h u c k fo r w o od turn i n g.

F o r k c h uc k fo r w o o d turn i n g.

S c r ew e d c up c h uc k fo r wo od turn i n g.

C up Ch uc k,w i th tap e r fe a th e rs , fo r w o od.

20 8 0 .

20 8 5 .


2 0 76 .

20 7 1

2 0 8 0‘

208 L

207 9

2 6 5


2088 . Ad justab l e t a p w r e n c h .

2089 . E le v a ti n g to o l b o x .

2090 . To o l h e a d fo r m i lli n g o r s urfa c i n g.

2091 . Th r e e -j aw gui d e o r c h uc k . Th e th re e slid i n g jaws ar e usual lyse t up by s c re w s .

2092. TW O -jaw c h uc k . Th e jaw s a r e trav e lle d s im ulta n e ous ly o pp o s i te

way s by a ri gh t a n d le ft-h a n d sc re w .

2093 . D r i ll s o c k e t,w i th d iago n a l p i n to grip th e d rill sh an k wh e n

s c re we d up .

2 194. I n s ta n ta n e o us gr i p fo r vi c e , &c . Th e w o rm A i s e c c e n tri c , a n dli fts o r low e rs th e t o o th e d abutm e n t b lo c k B i n t o o r out o f ge a rw i th th e fixe d ra ck by a s i n gle m o vem e n t o f th e h a n d le 0 .

Wh e n o ut o f ge a r A B C , w i th th e sh aft a n d fro n t jaw, c a n be

s lid i n o r o ut fre e ly to a n y s ize o f o p e n i n g re qui r e d .

2095 . C li p fo r a r o d o r c o rd .

2096 . Sp li t s le e v e a n d n ut to grip a r o d o r shaft.

2097. S c r ew c r am p .

D i tto An o th e r fo rm .

2099. C a p s ta n d r i ll o r c utte r h e a d , fo r la th e o r bo ri n g m ac h i n e . Th e

h e a d re vo lve s d iago n a lly , a n d m ay h ave s o c ke ts fo r se ve r a l to o lsto fo llow e a c h o th e r i n suc c e ss io n i n op e ra t i n g o n a p i e c e o f wo rk .

2100 . Ad jus ta b le to o l b o x .

2101 . Sp a n n e r . with adjus table jaw.

2102. Sp r i n g t a p e r s o c k e t,w ith sli d i n g ri n g.

2103 . To o th e d V gr i p fo r c h uc ks , &c .

2 104. D i tto An o th e r fo rm ,w i th a lte rn ate ve e s.

2 105 . S im p le s t fo rm o f V gr i p fo r p aralle l cy li n d ri c al a rti c le s.


2 6 8 THE ENGI NE ER S SKETCH-B OOK.

2106 . Th r e e -jaw fa c e c h u c k . Th e jaw s a r e m ad e to a c t toge th e r o rs e p a ra te ly by a sp ira l p la te , o r by s c rew s . S e e N o s . 158 , 1884.

2 107. Sp li t to o l h o ld e r ( Barbe r'

s p ate n t) , w i th t ap e r th re ad a n d n u t

to gr rp a ro un d ( o r o t h e r ) s e c t io n t o o l.

C a p a n d s o c k e t fo r d ri l ls .

S o c k e t a n d s e t s c r e w fo r d rills .

Sp li t to o l b a r , w i th tra n sve r s e c utte r ( se e No . fitte d wi th

su n k s c re w ,h avi n g a re c e ss e d h e a d fo r a sp e c ia l sp a n n e r.

211 1. Ste p p e d jaw fo r l a th e fa c e c h uck s trave rs e d by a sc rew . Se e

l\’ o . 409 .

Sp r i n g gr i p fo r p e n c i l s , ‘

sm a ll d ri lls , p i n s , &c .

B aue r ’s p a te n t s p a n n e r , o r p ip e wre n c h . Th e h i n ge pm i s o f

t h e fo rm o f N o . 2 126 .

2 114. C h uc k fo r wh e e ls,h av i n g th re e o r m o re slid i n g d o gs s e t up by a

‘

.

c o n e a n d h a n d w h e e l n ut .

S p l i t e n d gr i p fo r a r o d .

D oub l e v e e gr i p fo r p ip e s &c .,wh i c h , h avi n g a n e qual m ove

m e n t to b o th j rw s,r e m tl l l S a lw ay s c e n t 1 .il . Th e la r ge s c re w m us t

be tw i c e th e p i t c h o f th e sm a l le r c e n tr a l s c r ew , a n d o n e i s r igh t

h a n d,th e o th e r l e ft h a n d .

H a n d s c r e w s,w i th V grip .

Sec t io n 29 .

— C U SH I O N I N G .

( Se e a lso 19 .

Rubb e r p a d o r buff e r .

C u sh i o n ty r e fo r ro a d wh e e ls .

D i t to p n e um a r i c . Th e re si stan c e i n th is ty r e i s i n

c re a se d by c om p r e s s ro'

n o f th e e n c lo s e d a i r by a p o r table pum p .

Dup le x p um p s a r e c ush i o n e d a t e a c h e n d o f th e s troke bytrap p i n g p a rt o f th e e xh aust s te am by th e p i st o n c lo s i n g th e p o rt .

Ai r -v e s s e ls a r e us e d to c ush i o n th e a c t io n o f a p um p , bo th o n th e

d e l ive ry a n d suc t i o n .

A sp r i n g p i s to n i s use d fo r th e sam e purp o se .

Pa d s o r c u sh i o n s o f r u b b e r,fe lt , le a th e r, &c ., a r e use d a s

buffe rs to c us h i o n blow s .

S h aw S p i e gl e’s s t e am tow i n g m a c h i n e p ro vid e s a n

e l a s t ic s te am c ush i o n wh i c h y i e ld s t o p re ve n t o ve r s tra i n i n g th e

c ab l e,th e e n g i n e th e n run n i n g ba c k wa rd s un d e r th e s tra i n , but

w i n d s up aga i n a s th e s tra i n go e s o ff,th us p ay i n g i n a n d out to

su it th e m o t i o n o f th e V e s s e l .

2 l2 3 .


2 10 8 .

2 l 2 0 .

z l2 2 .

2 I24

70 THE ENGI NE ER’

S SKE TCH -B OOK.

Se ct io n 30 .

—D R I L L I NG,BOR I N G

,&c .

(S e e a lso p . 72 )

Se e E xp a n d i n g r e am e r s,No s . 2 149

,215 1.

D i t to c utte r s,No s . 206 9

, 2070 , 627.

D i tto auge r , Se c tio n 3 6 .

Se ct io n 3 1 .

— D I FFER E NTIAL G EAR“

.

( Se e a ls o 1)

D i ffe r e n ti a l p i s to n i n d i c a to r fo r s t e am e n gi n e s .

H a r r i s o n’

s d i ff e r e n ti a l e p i c y c lo i d a l h o i s t ge a r . Pin io n Ai s fa s t to th e barre l a n d lo o se o n th e sh a ft

,I t i s k e y e d to th e

sh af t , 0 a n d D a r e c a s t toge th e r, a n d ru n o n a s tud i n th e largewh e e l E ,

wh i c h i s lo o se o n th e sh a ft ; A a n d B h ave d i ffe re n tn umbe r s o f te e th .

D i ffe r e n ti a l s c r ew b o lt a n d sle e ve m o vem e n t.

D i ffe r e n t i a l s c r e w v a lv e fitti n g, w i th c o n e s e a t , t igh t e n e d upby th e T h e a d a n d fin e th re a d c e n tra l s c rew ; use d fo r ga s bo ttle s .

2 126 . C h i n e s e W i n d la s s . Th e o rigi n o f m o d e rn d i ffe re n t ia l ge ar .

Se c t io n 32 .

— E N G I N ES, TY P ES O F.

(Se e a lso

2127. B e am e n gi n e , c om p ou n d ; w i th d iago n a l c yli n d e rs fo r c om p a c t

n e s s ,

2128. S te am c y l i n d e r , w i th d iago n a l fla n ge jo i n t fo r th e va lve ch e s te n ab le s th e valve fa c e t o be e a s i ly p la n e d , a n d d i sp e n s e s w i th a

se p a ra te c asti n g a n d jo i n t fo r th e bo x.

Pum p i n g o r b low i n g e n gi n e , w i th s i d e r o d -c ra n k m o t i o n .

O n e c r a n k a n d o n e e c c e n tr i c e n gi n e , w i th c y l i n d e rs a t

r igh t a n gle s . Th e sam e e c c e n tri c o p e ra t e s bo th s li d e va lv e s .

O n e c r a n k e n gi n e , a s l a s t d e s c ribe d .

O n e c r a n k th r e e -c y li n d e r e n gi n e .

S l i d i n g c y li n d e r e n gi n e , w i th th re e -th row c ra n k a n d th r e e

c o n n e c t rn g ro d s . Th e d rs tr i buti o n o f s te am i s m ad e by th e

re c ip ro c a t i n g m o t io n o f th e c y li n d e r o ve r p o rts i n th e be d p la te .

C om p o un d h igh -sp e e d e n c lo s e d e n gi n e .

C om p o un d e n gi n e , w i th ‘T c o n n e c ti n g r o d a n d o n e c ra n k,n o

d e a d c e n t re .

C r a n k m o ti o n s . Se e Se c tio n 21 .

213 6 . Th r e e—c y li n d e r h igh -sp e e d b o x e n gi n e , s i n gle a c ti n g.


‘

2 72

2141 .

THE ENGI NEER’

S SKETCH -B OOK.

Am e r i c a n ty p e o f w a lk i n g be am p ad d le e n gi n e s .

D i a go n a l e n gi n e , w i th ve rt ic a l a i r pum p , w o rk e d by a b e ll-c r a n kle ve r.

V a c uum e n gi n e s . Tw o fo rm s o f th i s ty p e o f e n gi n e h a ve be e nm a n ufac ture d i n w h i c h s te am i s em p loy e d a t a tm o sph e ri c p re s surea n d c o n d e n s e d i n a je t o r surfa c e c o n d e n se r

,th e w o rki n g p re ssure

be i n g th e r e fo r e a tm o sph e r i c a n d n e ve r e xc e e d i n g 14 lbs . p e r

squa re i n c h a bs o lute . Th e s e e n g i n e s a n d th e ir bo i le rs a r e fre ef rom ri sk o f e xp lo s i o n , but re qu i re a go o d supp ly o f c o n d e n s i n gwa te r .

Se c t io n 34 .

— E LL IPTICAL MOTI ON.

(S e e a lso 10 .

C r a n k m o ti o n t o d e s c r i b e o v a ls (e gg sh ap e d , n ot true e llipse s ) .E lli p s o gr a p h . Th e p o i n t A i s fixe d a n d th e p o i n t B trave lle d

a lo n g th e li n e A B .

S tr i n g e lli p s o gr a p h A a n d B a r e fixe d i n th e fo c i o f th e e llip sea n d th e s tri n g jo i n e d s o th a t th e p e n c i l C (w i th s tri n g w h e e l o ni t) w i ll re a c h th e e n d o f m i n o r axi s D th e p e n c i l w i ll d e sc ribe a

true e llip s e .

Sec t io n 3 6 .

— EXPAN D I N G AND CO NTRACTI N G D EV I C ES.

2 142 .

2 143 .

2 144.

2 145 .

2 146 .

2 147.

2148 .

2 149 .

2 150.

2 152 .

(S e e a lso p .

E xp a n d i n g ga te . Fo rm r d o f ve rti c a l , roun d , o r s im p le ba rs ,fitte d w i th s l i d i n g fe rrule s h avi n g c e n tre p i n s p a s s i n g th ro ughd i ago n a l ba r s , th e s e c e n tre s b e i n g e ve n ly sp a c e d .

E xp a n d i n g m a n d riel h as th re e pl

a r a lle l fe a th e rs , e xpa n d e d by a

c e n tra l bo l t h a v i n g two e qua l c o n cis .E xp a n d i n g s o c k e t

,fo rm e d o f sp ri n g w i re .

E xp a n d i n g le gs fo r te le s c o p e o r c am e ra trip o d .

E xp a n d i n g tr i p o d , fo rm e d to c lo se up i n to a cyli n d ri c al gr oup .

E xp a n d i n g ta b le o f th re e o r m o re s lid e s .

E xp a n d i n g tr i p o d Th e le gs a r e h i n ge d to a tria n gula r p ri sm ,

a n d fo rm a c y l i n d r i c a l group w h e n c lo s e d .

E xp a n d i n g r e am e r . Th e bo d y i s Sp li t up i n th r e e p arts a s fa r

a s th e e n d o f th e bo lt .Ad d y

’

s‘

e xp a n d i n g c o lla r c o n s i s ts o f tw o r i n gs w i th th e a dja c e n tfa c e s sp ira l , so th a t by re vo lvi n g th em th e y se pa ra te t o th e e xte n to f th e p i tc h . Th e c o llar th e re fo re e xp a n d s lo n gitud i n ally , n o t

d iam e t ri c a l ly .

E x p a n d i n g s p l i t r e am e r o r m a n d re l w i th tap e r s c r ew .

E xp a n d i n g r i d d le o r s c r e e n , to va ry th e Sp a c e s be twe e n th e

ba r s .


2 13 7.

2 13 9 .

2 14 2 .

2 148

2 14 3 .

2 14 6 .

2 14 5 .

2 15 1.

2 14 0 .

2 14 9 .

2 73

74 THE ENGI NE ER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

E xp a n d i n g c o lla r s o r sle e ve s,sc re w e d o n e up o n a n o th e r .

E xp a n d i n g c o lle t , sp li t i n th re e o r m o re p arts .

E xp a n d i n g p i p e gr i p o r c o lla r w i th b e ve l ge ar a n d r igh t a n d

le ft-h a n d s c re ws to o p e ra te th e th re e s e gm e n ts to ge th e r .

E xp a n d i n g p i p e s to p p e r w ith rubbe r ri n g. Se e Se c t io n 29 .

B e llow s a n d rubb e r b ags a r e use d a s e xp a n d i n g d e vi c e s fo r

ga se s , &c .

R ubb e r b a llo o n s ar e e xpa n d e d by a i r blow n i n un d e r p re ssur e .

E xp a n d i n g p ulle y o r W h e e l .

E xp a n d i n g p lug. Se e No . 23 58.

E xp an d i n g l e v e r .

Th e m e r c ury bulb tub e i s a n e xpan d i n g d e vic e ac tuate d by

tem p e r ature .

(Se e a lso Cush i o n i n g Chucks , Se c t io n

Sect io n 37.—FASTEN1NG WH E E LS, &c .

,TO SHAFTS.

(Se e a lso p .

C r a n k a rm o r le ve r arm , s e c ure d to sh aft by a c lip bo ss a n d bo lt .

D i tto , s e cur e d by a sc r e we d sh a n k p a sse d th ro ugh th e sh aft a n d

d rawn up by a n ut .

Pi st on a n d r o d fa s te n i n g.

Di tto , d i tto .

Th om a s’

p a te n t w e d ge bush fo r s e curi n g p la i n bo r e d pulleys ,&c .,

to sh afts .

Ta p e r s c r ew e d bush fa ste n i n g fo r a wh e e l , w i th fri c t io n al grip .

Th e bush is sp lit o n o n e s i d e o n ly .

2 16 5 . Ta p e r sp l i t bush fix i n g, w i th fri c t io n a l gr ip . Th e bush i s

Split i n to th re e parts .

2 166 . S e t -s c r ew fix i n g fo r a le ve r o r a rm .


2 76 THE EN GI NEER’

S SKETCH -B OOK.

2 167. S p l i t b o s s o r c o lla r , w i th two fo rm s o f sun k s c re ws fo r fixi n ga n d t igh te n i n g.

Sp l i t W h e e ls a n d p ulley s a r e n ow c omm o n ly use d a s th e be s t

m e a n s o f fa s te n i n g to s hafts . Se e No 171 1 .

2 168. C o n e s le e v e ( s p l i t) a n d n ut fa s t e n i n g fo r a wh e e l o r pulley.

2169 . S e r r a te d w e d ge s .

Sect io n 3 8 .

— FRI CTI O N G EAR .

(S e e a lso p .

C a r r i a ge d r iv i n g ge a r . Th e c arriage wh e e l b e ars upwardaga i n s t th e d rivi n g sp i n d le w h i c h d r ive s i t by fri c ti o n , o r th e

la t te r i s fo rc e d d o w n i n t o fri c ti o n a l ge a r w i th th e c arriage wh e e lby lo ad i n g o r by sp ri n gs .

2 171 . F r i c t i o n ,sp r i n g c l i p ,

fo r givi n g te n s io n to c o t to n th re ad p asse db e tw e e n th e c o n ve x d is c s .

L e a th e r c o v e r e d p i n i o n s ge a re d w i th p l a i n rimm e d wh e e ls o r

d i s c s . Th e s e sh ould a l u ay s h a ve th e p i n io n a s d rive r,o th e rw i se

th e p i n i o n i s l iable to w e ar i n fits a n d b e c om e use le ss .

Se ct io n 39 .

-GUlDES,SLlDES

,840 .

(S e e a lso 17.

2172. E n gi n e c r o s sh e a d , fo rm e d o f tw o slid e blo c ks , c a st w i th th e

gud ge o n i n o n e p ie c e a n d two c ap s bo l te d toge t h e r, e n c lo s i n g th ep i s to n r o d e n d a n d bo l te d t o th e s l id e blo c ks .

2173 . C r o s sh e a d s i n gle -b a r gu i d e , w i th o r w i th out th e lowe r a tta c hm e n t fo r p um p r o d .

2174. S li d i n g b e d guid e d

u

by t u o squa re gro ove d strip s ( o n e o f wh i c h

m ay be fixe d ) a djuste d by d i ago n a l se t s c re ws .V e e gu i d e s , w i th re n e wable s t r ip .

D i tto,d i tto

,w i th s e t sc re w a djus tm e n t .

Di tto , d i tto , w i th be ve lle d a djus ti n g s trip a n d s e t s c re ws .D i tto , d i tto , w i th lo o se V s tr ip s e t up by s c re ws o n top .

Gui d e b lo c k fo r e n gi n e c ro s sh e a d fo rm e d o f a bro n ze sh e ll fille dw i th W h i te m e ta l o r a n t ifr i c t io n m e t a l .

C ur v e d s e gm e n t gu i d e fo r a. l i n k m o vem e n t t o turn a n a n gle .

C r o s sh e a d gu i d e , w i th tw o s l id e bars , Am e ri c a n typ e .V gu i d e b a r a n d gui d e .

D o u b le V gui d e fo r c ro s sh e ad .

C r o s sh e a d gui d e s o f squa re s e c tio n .

2 17 3 .


2 16 8 .

2 16 9 .

2 172 .

2 174 . 2 17 5 .

2 176 . 2 17 7

2 18 0

2 18 4 .

2 78 THE ENGI NEEu s'

SKE TCH -B OOK.

2185 . Gui d e b e d,w i th square guid e s a n d re n e wable strip adjuste d by

s e t s c rew s .

2186 . V e e gu i d e , w i th V s trip a n d s e t sc re w a djustm e n t.

2187. D i tto , d o .,w i th be ve l l e d s tr ip a n d se t s c rew.

2188. D i tto , d o .,adjuste d a t th e to p .

2189 . S im p le gui d e a tta c h m e n t to a p la i n bar .

2 190 . Gui d e b a r s , adjus tabl e , fo r w e ar .

219 1 . E n gi n e c r o s sh e a d ,w i th a djus table guid e bra sse s , se t up by tape r

k e y s a n d n uts .

2 192 . C r o s sh e a d , be n t r oun d th e r o d .

2193 . C r o s sh e a d s i d e gui d e fo r e n gi n e o r pump , p la n v i ew.

Se c t io n 40 .— G EAR I N G ,

VAR I O US D EV I C ES I N .

(Se e a lso p .

2 194. Tur n -o v e r ge a r f o r re ve rs i n g a s tamp , table o r p late n by r ack

a n d p i n io n .

2 195 . D o ub le d r iv i n g m o ti o n by be lt fo r two saws , c utte rs , d rills , &c . ,

so th a t e i th e r m ay b e p ut i n w o rk a t various p o i n ts i n a h a lfc irc le o f th e rad ius o f th e a rm .

2 196 . Sun a n d p la n e t ge a r . A i s a fixe d wh e e l, B i s key e d to th e

ba rre l sh aft , 0 a n d D ar e c a s t toge th e r a n d r un lo o se o n a s tud

o n th e c ra n k a rm .

2197. Tw o -to o th p i n i o n ge a r .

2 198. C am sp ur ge a r , to give s im ilar var iable m ovem e n ts to th o s e

g ive n by c am s .

2 199 . M o ti o n t o v a ry th e a n gle o f a s c r ew p r o p e lle r blad e , a

w i n dm i ll , fe a th e r in g wh e e l , &c .,by be ve l ge ar a n d a c e n tral sh a ft.


2 SO [THE ENGI NEER S SKE TOH—B 0 0K.

Se ct io n — GOV E RN I NG AND R EG U LATI N G SP E ED,810 .

(S e e a ls o 19.

2200. Atm o sp h e r i c go v e r n o r . R o d A i s c o n n e c te d to‘

i‘e c rp r o c a te

w i th th e e n g i n e , B i s c o n n e c te d to th e e qui l i br ium th ro t tl eva lve , 0 i s a n i n le t va l v e fo r a i r

,a n d. D a n a djustabl e o utle t va lve

by wh ic h th e sp e e d i s re gula te d . Fo r c o n ti n uous i n st e ad o fi n t e rm i tte n t a c tio n o n th e r o d a n d pi s to n B ,

th e a i r p um p A sh ouldfo rc e a i r i n to a n i n te rm e d ia t e c h am b e r abo ve th e p i s to n B bya d d i tio n o f a d iap h ragm a n d d e l ive ry va lve .

2201 . G a s—

e n gi n e“

p e n d u lum go v e r n o r . H it a n d m i ss . Th e ro c ki n gtrip C fall s out o f ge a r by i t s ow n w e igh t wh e n th e p e rrd ulu rn

m o v e s so fa s t a s to re l e a s e i t . Th e up p e r ba l l i s use d to a djustth e m o t i o n o f th e p e n d ulum to th e s p e e d re qui re d .

C r a n k -sh a ft go v e r n o r s . Se e Se c t io n 79 .

S e lf-r e gu la ti n g d am p e r s a r e ap p l i e d t o bo i le r fiue s, a n d a r e

o p e ra te d by th e p re s sure o f s t e am,s o a s to re gula te th e d raugh t .

G o v e r n i n g t h e sp e e d o f h o i s ts . Se e N o . 1495 .

2202 . G a s e n gi n e go v e r n o r . Th e re vo lvi n g c am throw s th e verti c a la rm o f th e l e ve r fa r e n o ugh to c l o s e th e ga s va lve wh e n th e Sp e e d

i n c re a se s b e y o n d th e n o rm a l .

2203 . S t e am ;v a lv e -r e gu la to r , to m o ve a valve o r o th e r d e ta i l a n y

fra c t io n a l p art o f i ts s tro k e a n d h o ld i t a t th a t p o i n t . Th e m a i n

s te am a n d o i l c y l i n d e r va lve s m o ve w i th th e p i s to n s . Th e c ut

o ff va lve s a r e c o n tro l l e d by a h a n d l e ve r a n d a d m i t s te am a n d o i l

to th e sam e e n d s o f th e i r re sp e c t i ve c y li n d e rs S im ulta n e o us lyth e p i s to n s o n ly tra ve l t ill th e y c ut o tf th e i r o w n supp ly , th e o i l

fluid p re ve n t i n g e xp a n s i v e a c t i o n o f th e s te am .

2204. C e n tr i fuga l b a ll go v e r n o r w i th c o n e wh e e l m o t io n to op e ra teth e c ut o ff.

2204A. E v e n -flow r e gula to r o r go ve rn i n g valve , fo r d raw i n g o ff fr om a

ta n k.

Se ct io n 43 .

— H OO KS,SWI V ELS, &c .

(Se e a lso p .

H o o k e y e fo r a guy ro p e .

2206 . S li p h o o k fo r p ile d rive r, m o n ke y , &c .

2207. W ir e h o o k a tta c hm e n t fo r e le c tric w ires .

THE ENGINEER S SKETCH-B OOK.2 8 I

2 8 2 THE ENGI NE ER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

2208 . L o o p o r e y e sh ac kle .

2209 . Sw iv e l sh a c k le fo r guy , r o d , o r b o ok .

22 10 . S li p h o o k .

Se ct io n 44.— INDIGATING SP EEDS, (t o.

(S e e a lso 19 .

I n d i c a to r s a r e e m p l oy e d

To re gis te r th e e n try a n d e x it o f w o rkm e n to o r from a fa c to ry ;To re gis te r sp e e d s a n d. va ri a t io n o f lo ad , s te am p r e s sure , &c . , o n

a n e n g i n e ;

To re gi s te r w i n d p re s s ure , ba rom e tric va ri a t io n s—ra i n fa ll , sun

sh i n e,&c .

To re gi s te r p e rio d ic al vi s i ts o f a w a tc hm a n o r o th e r o ffic ial, a n d

th e h o u r s o f suc h vi s i ts ;To re g i s te r vi s i ts t o a ba n k s a fe .

2211 . I n d i c a t o r t o r e gi s te r t h e flow o f w a te r by i ts sp e e d a n d

p re s s ure a ga i n s t a fio a t'

n g h a l l , wh ic h a c tua te s a p e n c il m o vi n gve rt i c a l ly a ga i n s t a pap e r c y l i n d e r w h ich i s ke p t re vo lvi n g s lo wlyby c lo c kwo rk .

Se c t io n 45 .-JETS, NOZZLES AND I NJECTO RS.

(S e e a lso 10 .

2212 . Ko r t i n g’

s w a te r j e t c o n d e n s e r ; re quire s 3 fe e t h e ad o f c o n

d e n s i n g w a t e r .2213 . Sp r a y j e t fo r p e tro l e um ,

w a te r , 85 0 w i th a i r bla s t.Autom a ti c s p r a y j e ts o r s p r i n k l e r s a r e c o n s truc te d to Sp r e ad

o r sp ray w a te r o ve r a c o n s id e rable a re a by th e fo rc e o f th e i ssui n gc urre n t , fo r e x ti n gui sh i n g fire s , wa te ri n g ga rd e n s , &c .

F o u n ta i n j e ts a r e o f m a n y fo rm s to d e l ive r th e wa te r i n c lo se ,sp re a d i n g, o r fa n -sh a p e d fo rm s

,a rt is t ic a lly a rra n ge d .

Sp r a y j e t , w i th sp ira l c ore .

Sp r a y j e t , w i th a n n ula r o rific e a n d d i sh -p la te .

Se ct io n 465.— JO U RNALS, BEAR I N GS, P I VOTS, (120 .

(Se e a lso p .

22 16 . Pe d e sta l b e a r i n g, w i th fo ur bra s se s a n d s e t s c rew ad justm e n ts .

2217. H y d r auli c o i l p i v o t fo r ve rt ic a l S p i n l l e . O i l u n d e r p re s sure i sfo rc e d i n to th e c h a n n e ls be tw e e n th e b e a ri n g fa c e s , th e a re a a n d

p r e s sure be i n g a djus te d to th e lo a d . Th e surp l us o i l i s re turn e df r om th e o i l we ll to th e p um p .

2218 . Ad ju s ta b le i n te rm e d i a te b e a r i n g fo r a ve rt ic al sh a ft . I t h as

th re e bra ss e s se t up by s e t s c re ws a n d we d ge s .


22 19 .

0 220.

2221 .

2222 .

2223 .

2224.

2225 .

2226 .

2227.

2228 .

2229 .

2230.

223 1 .

2232 .

223 3 .


L o n g b e a r i n g, w i th o i l c irc ula t io n .

V b e a r i n g, o r supp o rt fo r a sh a f t o r t e l e sc op e .

Pla i n d oub le b e a r i n g, w i th o n e c ap a n d o n e bo lt.

V e r t i c a l sh a ft b e a r i n g, fo rm e d o f two s im i lar to e-p i e c e s o f v e ryh ard s te e l run n i n g i n o i l.

Pe d e s ta l,w i th s i d e a d jus ti n g b r a s s e s , se t up by se t sc rews .

V e rt i c a l sh a ft b e a r i n g, s im i lar to No . 2222 , but w i th sm a ll c o n e d

to e -p i e c e o f ve ry h ard s te e l .

Th rus t-b e a r i n g fo r c o lla r s c r ew ,h a vi n g a lo o se c o llar se cure d

by two p i n s , d ri lle d h a lf i n th e c o l lar a n d h a lf i n th e base .

S im i la r b e a r i n g, w i th a lo o se c o l la r sc re we d i n a n d lo c ke d by a

s e t p i n .

S im i la r b e a r i n g ; th e s c re w h a s a th ic k c o lla r, w rth a turn e d

gro o ve a n d a p i n d rill e d h a lf i n to th e c o l la r a n d h a lf i n to th e

ba s e .

V e r ti c a l p i v o t, w ith h a rd e n e d sc r ews .

B a ll b e a r i n gs . Se e Se c ti o n 70.

R o ll e r b e a r i n gs . Se e Se c t io n 70.

B e a r i n g, W i th s i d e b r a s s e s,s e t up by a s e t s c rew.

D i tto,W i th 3 b r a s s e s , s e t up by a s e t s c re w.

D i tto,W i th 3 b r a s s e s , th e s id e bras se s s e t up by we dge bo lts ,

regula te d o n top .

B e a r i n g, w i th 3 b r a s s e s , s e t up by s id e w e dge s a n d top sc rew s .

S c h i e le ’s v e r ti c a l sh a ft b e a r i n g.

W h i te m e ta l i s m uc h use d fo r b e ari n g s , a n d m ay be ru n i n aroun d

a sh a ft . Th e bra ss e s a r e som e tim e s m ad e o f ske le to n fo rm to

r e c e ive wh i te m e tal i n th i s way .

THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -B OOK. 2 8 5

2 8 6 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B 0 0K.

Se c t io n 47.

— P LATE WO RK.

(Se e a lso p .

SH E ET M ETAL JO I N TS .

2234. B i n g s e am,w i th c o ve r s trip .

223 5 . Fo ld e d r i n g s e am .

223 6 . H a lf fo ld e d s e am .

2237. Fi lle te d r i n g s e am .

2238 .

223 9 .

2240.

2241 .

2242.

B o t t om s e am s ; 2244 i s str e n gth e n e d by a th i c k wi r e r i n g.

2243 .

2244.

2245 .

2246 2247. I n te rm e d i a te s e am s,o r d iaph ragms.

2248 . E lb ow s e am .

2249 . Fo ld e d p i p e s e am .

PLATE AN D BAR JO I N TS .

Jun c ti o n o f T i r o n, p la te a n d T o r L i ro n ve rticals .

Gus s e t p la te c o rn e r s t i ffe n e r.Pla te e n d fo r a ti e r od .

H i r o n jun c ti o n,a s i n a flo o r fram i n g.

Gus s e t p la te jun c ti o n fo r a bra c e d fram i n g.

Gus s e t p la te jun c ti o n fo r H gi rd e rs o f e qua l d ep ths.

Se c t io n 48 .

—LEV ERS.

(Se e a lso p .

2256 . L e v e r, w i th un i v e r s a l m o ti o n .

2257. H a n d sta r ti n g le v e r , c h e ap c o n s truc ti o n , fo rm e d o f ligh t c h a n n e li ro n ,

w i th a be n t lo ck ba r e n gagi n g w i th h o le s i n a se c to r p la tec a s t o n th e be a ri n g.

L o c k i n g le v e r s . Se e Se c t i o n 49 .


2 88 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B o oze.

2258. D o ub le le v e r,h a n d m o ti o n , fo r fir e -e n g in e , pump s , &c .

2259 . L o ok i n g le v e r fo rm e d o f i ro n tube w i th slid i n g c atch r od i n s i d e .

2260. S ta r ti n g le v e r , wi th h o oke d c a tc h , tak i n g i n to h o le s i n a se c to r

p la te .

226 1. C o n v e x w o rm fo r lo ck i n g a n d a djust i n g a s tart i n g le ve r .

2262 . E qua li s i n g le v e r s fo r sp ri n gs a n d va r iable m ovem e n t s .

2263 . L e v e r a n d r a c k li fti n g ap p l ia n c e .

2264. Sp r i n g le v e r to lo c k i n two p o s i tio n s .

2265 . H a n d le v e r adjus table to ra d ius . W i th a b e n t h a n d le i t fo rm s a n

adjus table h a n d c ra n k .

Sp r i n g le v e r fo rm e d o f s te e l p la te s . Se e No . 1 914.

C om p oun d le v e r s . Se e No . 13 67.

“ Ro lle r b o ard m o vem e n ts

i n o rga n s a r e o f th is typ e , but e ac h p a ir o f a rm s a n d i ts sh a ft o r

r o lle r i s m o un t e d i n d e p e n d e n tly o n a p a i r o f e n d c e n tre s .

2265A. D oub le le v e r for a p lug c o ck , to be op e r ate d by two c o rd s.

Sec t io n 49 .

— LOC K I N G D EV I C ES.

(Se e a lso p .

2266. L e v e r a c ti o n fo r a d o o r,& c .

,to lo c k i t, o p e n o r shut, i n fixe d

p o s itio n s .

2267. L e v e r a c ti o n fo r a ga te o r d o o r, to op e n o r c lo se i t a n d lo c k i ti n e i th e r p o s i tio n .

2268 . R e v o lv i n g e y e le t to lo c k o r re le a se a r o d o r c o r d .

2269. Abutm e n t lo c k . Ca n o n ly be op e n e d by r e vo lvi n g th e tumble rby a key .

2 2 6 8 .


2 25 9 .

2 2 6 L

22 6 3

22 6 2 .

22 6 5 .

2 2 6 5 A

2 2 6 9 .

22 6 1

E L E VA T I O N .

2 2 6 0 .

2 89

t

)

9 0

2270 .

2271.

2272 .

2273 .

2274.

.2275 .

2276 .

2277.

2278 .

2279 .

2280.

228 1.

2282.


S e c r e t s c r ew a tt a c h m e n t. Th e s c re w i s fixe d to th e ba c k o f

a n y a rt ic le,a n d fa s te n e d to th e fixi n g A by sl id i n g a lo n g th e s lo t .

Two , th re e o r fo ur s c re ws a n d s lo ts a r e ge n e rally us e d .

B o lt lo c k . Th e b o lt c a n b e re le a se d by re vo lvi n g i t

G i b -k e y fa s te n i n g fo r a sl id i n g bl o c k o r bra c ke t o n a p la i n ba r .

S im i la r fa s te n i n g, us i n g a w o o d e n b ar .

L o c k i n g s tud , use d fo r i ro n be d s te a d la th s .

C a tc h a n d h o o k .

H i n ge d c a tc h to lo ck a s c rew e d glan d o r n ut.

L e tte r l o o k , o r c om bi n a t io n lo ck . An y n um be r o f d isc s m ay be

a rra n ge d o n a sp i n d le h avi n g a fe a th e r key , so th a t th e y m us t be

a l l i n a c e rta i n p o s i ti o n to a l l ow th e key to slid e th ro ugh a n o tc h

o r ke y way out i n e ac h d i sc , so a s to o p e n th e lo op .

L o c k e d n ut .

Sp r i n g p aw l , um bre lla c a tch .

S p r i n g s n a p , r e le ase d by p re ss i n g th e op e n e n d s toge th e r .

L o c k i n g p aw l fo r sp ur te e th .

Sp r i n g h a n d le .

2283 . Sp r i n g p aw l , lo c ks th e wh e e l aga i n st a m o d e ra te fo r c e , but give s

w ay to a gre a te r fo rc e .

L o c k e d p aw l m o ti o n s . Se e Se c tio n 62 .

2284. L o ok i n g d e v i c e fo r la th e h e a d s to c k o r to o l re s t. Th e h e ad o f

2285 .

2286 .

th e c e n tra l p i n run s i n a T gro o ve o r u n d e r th e la th e be d , a n d

i s c lam p e d by th e c o n e p o i n t e d s e t s c rew,wh i c h be ars aga i n s t a

c o n ic a l re c e ss i n th e c e n t ra l p i n .

R a d iu s b a r , w i th n o tc h e s to lo ck a h a n d le ve r i n various po s it io n s .'l h e le ve r m ay be h i n ge d to l ift out o f th e n o tc h e s , o r m ad e th i n

e n ough to sp ri n g suffic i e n tly fo r th i s purp o se .

C o n e d s c r ew lo c k fo r a sta n d ard fo ot, p i n , o r so cke t a n d sp i go t .


2 9 2 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

2287. S e t s c r ew fix i n g fo r n e e d le s , w ire s , c o rd , &c .

2288 . Sp li t b loc k t o gr i p a r o d,w i th h a n d le n ut.

2289 . C am c a tc h to lo c k a wh e e l o r sp i n d le .

2290. L o c k i n g ge a r fo r a s h a ft d rive n by sp ur ge ari n g, use d i n p la c eo f a c lutc h .

229 1 . S im i la r lo c k fo r a r e v o lv i n g h e a d , s ta n d ard to o l p o st , &c .

2292. T e e gr o o v e fo r a T h e a d b o lt fo r No s . 2290 an d 2291 .

2293 . H o r s e -sh o e d i s ta n c e p i e c e to p lac e be twe e n a s lid i n g p i n i o n a n d

th e sh aft c o l la r to ke e p i t e i th e r i n o r o ut o f ge a r.

W e d ge p la te a n d s c r ew fa s te n i n g fo r c utte rs , &c .

L o c k i n g d e v i c e fo r a s p r i n g le v e r , h a n d le , butto n

229 6 . L o c k e d c e n tr e p i n .

2297. C o tte r t o lo ok a s li d i n g sp i n d le .

Sect io n 50 .

— H I N G ES AND JO I NTS.

(Se e a lso p .

L i n k h i n ge s fo r re ve rs i n g a se a t back .

Ta p e h i n gi n g allo ws th e d o o r to sw i n g th rough

L i n k h i n ge s fo r re ve rs i n g a d o o r o r shu tte r i n op e n i n g o r c lo s i n g.

Fo rk e d jo i n t fo r pum p rod s , &c . ,w i th stepp e d gibs.

Fo rk e d j o i n t a n d sw i ve l blo ck fo r s c rew a tta chm e n t .

Sw iv e l jo i n t fo r p ipe w o rk .

D o o r h i n ge d t o a n i n te rm e d i a te s qua r e s tr i p , so as to swi n g

th rough 3 60°

S p r i n g h i n ge s . Se e No s . 1469 , 1470.

S c a r fe d j o i n t fo r p um p r o d s , lo cke d by a c r o ss c otte r a n d

tap e re d fe rrule .

2306 . Sw iv e l j o i n t fo r p um p r o d s,&c .

THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK. 2 9 3

2 2 8 8 .

2 2 9 L2 2 9 3 .

2 2 8 9 .

2 2 9 5 .

2 2 9 2 .

2 2 9 8 .

2 2 9 6 .

2 3 0 0 .

2 3 0 4 .

2 3 02 .

2 3 0 5 .

23 0 3 .

2 94 THE ENGINEER S SKE TCH -B 0 0K.

S c r ew s o c k e t a n d sp igo t j o i n t fo r r o d s .

C o n i c a l s o c k e t jo i n t a n d s e t s c re w .

23 10 , 23 1 1 23 12. S o c k e t j o i n ts,va rious fo rm s o f. Se e also

Se c ti o n 28 .

T a p e r d r i ll s o c k e t. Th e d r ill so ck e t e n d i s sh ap e d to fit a c ro ssslo t i n th e h o ld e r , i n to w h i c h a tap e r c o tte r c a n be d rive n to

lo o se n th e d ri ll ; th e s lo t g ive s a p o s i tive d rive to th e d ri ll.

Se ct io n 5l .

- LUBR I CATO RS.

(Se e a ls o p .

L i e uv a i n’

s n e e d le lub r i c a to r,w i th b e n t n e e d le fo r o i li n g a

c ran k p i n . Th e la tte r h a s a pad a tta c h e d,wh ic h rubs i n p a s si n g

th e be n t n e e d le a n d th us take s o ff th e o i l .

Pa n lub r i c a to r fo r c ra n k p i n , t o a s s i s t o i li n g from a n o i l c an wh e n

re vo lvi n g.

C r a n k p i n lub r i c a to r . A fixe d o il c up , w ith a p a d o f flan n e la tta c h e d ; th e c o n n e c t i n g r o d e n d h a v rn g a be n t p la te a t ta c h e d ,w h i c h a t e ve ry re vo lu t i o n rubs o il o ff th e p ad i n to i ts o i l c up .

Lub r i c a ti n g a lo o s e p u ll e y o n a fixe d o r re vo lvi n g sh aft by a

Stauffe r lubr ic a to r fit te d to th e sh a f t e n d .

Lub r i c a ti n g a lo o s e p u lle y o n a fixe d s tud .

M o d e o f lub r i c a ti n g a v e r ti c a l sp i n d le , c a rry i n g a wh e e l o ro th e r top ge a r wh i c h p re ve n ts a c c e s s to th e be a ri n g.

S igh t fe e d lub r i c a t o r s , Sh o w th e a c tua l fe e d o f o i l i n a gla sstube fille d w i th w a t e r th ro ugh wh i c h th e o i l p a s s e s i n d ro p sth e re a r e m a n y vari e t i e s .

C om p o u n d lub r i c a to r s a r e n ow b e i n g i n tro duc e d wh o se fun c ti o n

i s to s up p ly lubri c a n t t o e ve ry j o i n t o r p a rt o f a n e n gi n e o r

m a c h i n e r e quiri n g i t , b y au tom a t i c fe e d a c tio n f rom o n e re s e rvo i rS yp h o n w i c k lub r i c a t o r .

Autom a ti c lub r i c a t o r , w i th i n te rm i tte n t fe e d . Th e re vo lvi n gsp i n d le i s d ri ve n fro m th e e n gi n e by a ra tc h e t a n d p awl m o ti o n ,

a n d h a s a re c e s s i n rt w i n c h i n r e vo lv . n g d e live rs i ts c o n te n ts o f

o i l i n to th e tube b e lo w .

Sp r i n g p i sto n lub r i c a to r .

G la n d , W i th o i l w e ll .

Se ct io n 54.

— MIXI N G AND I N CO RPO RATI N G .

(Se e a lso 19 .

D o ugh m ix e r , o r k n e a d i n g m a c h i n e .

M ix i n g m a c h i n e .

M ix e r fo r c o n fe c t i o n e ry , w o rk e d by a c ra n k .

M ix i n g o f ga s e s by c om p oun d je ts . Se e Se c tio n 45 .

M ix i n g o f li qui d s i s p e rfo rm e d by je ts , by s t irri n g d e vi c e s , a n dby run n i n g th e m th ro ugh a p ip e from two o r m o re tap s i n to a

c ombi n i n g ve ss e l .


2 9 6 THE ENGI NEE RS SKE TCH-B OOK.

Sect io n 55 .—PARALLE L MOTI O NS.

(Se e a lso 17.

2327. Pa r a lle l m o ti o n fo r a n i n d i c a to r p e n c il.

23 28. Pa r a lle l m o ti o n b e am e n gi n e , w i th r o cki n g li n k be am c e n tre s .

23 29 . Pa r a lle l m o v i n g sw i n gi n g b r a c k e t fo r ga s , &c .

23 3 0 . Pa r a lle l m o ti o n .

233 1 . Pa r a ll e l m o v i n g s l i d e s , h amm e rs , o r o th e r d e vi c es.

Se ct io n 56 .

— P UMP I N G AND RAIS I N G WATER .

(Se e a lso p .

2 33 2. Q ua d rup le -a c ti n g p um p w i th two p i sto n s , o n e a ttach e d to a r o d

th e o th e r to a sle e ve w o rk e d by le ve r A a n d li n k s B B .

2 3 3 3 . V a r i ab le d e li v e ry s i n gle -a c ti n g p um p s th e e c c e n tri c s c a n

be sh ifte d rou n d th e sh aft 1800

by a s le e ve a n d p i n m o ti o n

s im i lar to N o . 2467. W h e n th e e c c e n tric s a r e Op po s i te e a c h o th e rth e pum p d o e s n o t d e li ve r a n y w a te r

, but wh e n th e e c c e n tri c s a r e

s i d e by s id e th e pum p d e li ve rs th e full c o n te n ts o f bo th ram s .

Th e r e i s o n e suc t i o n a n d o n e d e live ry va lve .

23 34. S c r ew p um p fo r ap p ly i n g h e avy p re s sure to a r am ; som e tim e s

use d a s an adjun c t to give th e fin al h e avy p re ssure to a n hyd rauli c

p r e s s a fte r th e pump s h ave fo rc e d th e r am a s fa r a s th e ir p ow e rp e rm its.

2 3 3 5 . Dup le x-a c ti o n p um p , i n w h ic h bo th p i s to n a n d c y li n d e r m ove i no pp o s i te d ire c tio n s , but th e ge ar m ay be ap p li e d t o two p i sto n s i nto n e pum p ( fixe d ) , a s No . 23 3 2 .

2 3 3 6 . Fr e n c h p um p , w i th buc ke t p i s to n s , m a i n tai n s a d ir e c t flow wi th out

re ve rs i n g o r c h e ck.


2 9 8 THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -BOOK.

.O k e’s p a te n t, s ew age p um p ,

s im p l e a n d a c c e s s ible,th re e valve s .

S l i d e v a lv e s o r p i s to n v a lv e s a r e o c c a s i o n a l ly us e d to d is

tr ibute th e w a te r i n pum p s , but m us t h ave n o lap o r l e ad,a n d be

a c c ura te ly a d lus te d .

Ai r v e s s e ls a r e us e d o n th e d e l ive ry s id e o f a pum p to c ush i o n th e

d i s c h arge o f wa te r a n d p re ve n t c o n c us s io n , w a t e r be i n g i n c omp re s s i ble . Th e y a r e a ls o s o m e t im t s us e ful o n t he suc t io n s id e

,

w h e re th e l i ft i s c o n s id e ra bl e . A p i s to n a n d sp ri n g n ray be

e m p l oy e d i n s te a d o f a n a i r ve s s e l . Se e N o . 2 12 1 .

Pum p s r e qu i r e d t o r u n c o n s t a n tly ,but d e l i ve r wa te r i n te r

m i tt e n t ly o n ly , a r e w o rk e d ( a ) by a n a ir va lve o n th e suc t io n s id e

w h i c h,wh e n o p e n . s t o p s th e wa te r s rrc t i o n ; (b) by a p a s s va lve

b e tw e e n suc t io n a n d d e l ive ry wh i c h,wh e n O pe n , p a s s e s th e

d e l ive ry i n to th e suc t io n aga i n ; a n d ( c ) by a wa s t e va lve o n th e

d e l ive ry .

Se ct io n 57.

-v PIPES AND CO NV EYO RS.

(Se e a ls o 19.

B o i le r tub e,i n te rn a lly r ibbe d . Se rve ’s p a te n t .

B o i le r tub e flue , c o r ruga te d , to a d d t o i ts s tre n gth a n d h e a ti n

surfa c e . F o x ’s p a t e n t.Pi p e j o i n t, w i th t o ggl e c l ip s .

Pi p e fla n ge ,w i th c a ulk i n g gr o o v e .

F le x i b le tub e s , me ta ll ic , a r e n o w m a n ufa c ture d by th e Fle xible

Me ta ll ic Tub i n g C o . i n m o st m e ta l s,i n c lud i n g s t e e l , a n d. i n

io us stre n gth s a n d w ith v a ri ous d e gr e s s o f fle xi bi l i ty , fromt h a t o f p la i n rubbe r t o suc h s ti ff n e s s a s re qui r e s a l i tt le fo rc e tob e n d i t . Th e s e tub e s a r e p e rfe c tly a i r -t igh t , a n d. w i l l s ta n d gre a tp re s sure s .

W i r e r o p e tr a n sm i s s i o n ; T e lp h e r ge a r . Se e Se c tio n 6 6 .

Sect io n 58 .

- PAC K I N GS, JO I NTS, STU FF I N G -BOXES AND

2342.

2 343 .

2344.

23 45 .

2346 .

2347 .

P I STO NS.

(Se e a lso 19 .

P i sto n r i n g j o i n t lap p e d a n d sc a rfe d .

I n te rm e d i a t e t un i n g-b o x a n d s le e ve fo r h igh a n d low p re ssur ec y l i n d e rs .

D i sh e d s t e e l p i s to n .

B uc k e t p i s t o n ,w i th valve a n d b r id le a n d le ath e r p ac k i n g.

S tu ffin g-b o x ,w i th s c re w e d c ap gla n d .

Pi s to n le a th e r fo r c o ld wa te r.2348 to 23 5 2 . Pi s to n r i n g j o i n ts .

23 53 .

2354.

D o ub l e c o n e j o i n t fo r a sw ive lli n g fitt i n g fo r s te am o r wa te r.Th e jo i n t s a re gro un d i n lik e a m us h ro o m va l ve .

Pi p e c o n n e c ti o n ,w rth rubbe r d i s c jo i n t , fo r m o d e ra te p re ssure s .

Sw i v e l p i p e j o i n t . Se e N o . 23 03 .


3 0 0 Y‘

HE ENGINEER’

S SKETCH -B OOK.

23 55 . C o lla r p a c k i n g fo r a val v e Sp in d le , w h e re th e p re ssure t e n d s toc om p re s s th e p a c k i n g.

235 6 . Pi sto n w i th tw o L s e c t i o n r i n gs . e xpa n d e d bo th ve rt i c allya n d ra d ia l ly by a sp ira l Sp ri n g. Th i s m ak e s a t igh t jo i n t w i thth e cyli n d e r a n d a lso w i th th e jun k ri n g.

23 57. Ad ju s t a b le p i s to n o r p i s to n va lve . F. H . R i c h ard s ’ p a te n t ,

23 5 9 . R ub b e r e xp a n d i n g p lug.

23 5 9 . G a s e n gi n e p i s to n ,w i th th re e ri n gs a n d jun k ri n gs b e twe e n

th e m .

23 60 23 6 1 . V a lv e sp i n d le j o i n ts w i th out p a c k i n g o r stuffin g-boxe s

,

k e p t t igh t by c o n e s e a t i n gs a n d s e t s c re w s .

2862. P i sto n ( sp r i n g) r i n g j o i n t, w i th glut.

Se ct io n 59 .

—P RO P U LS I O N .

(Se e a lso 17. 134 )23 63 . S te am a n d a i r je t ap p l ie d to p ro p e l a ve sse l.

Se c t io n 60 .

— MOTI V E POWER . MOTORS.

Se e a lso p .

C om p o un d w e igh t m o to r , w i th l im i t e d fa ll . Se ve ral w e igh ts

m ay b e us e d a s sh o w n ,s l igh tly d e c re a s i n g i n w e igh t tow a rd s th e

m o t o r. W h e n w e igh t D h a s r un d ow n , 0 w i ll be gi n to fa ll , a n dgo o n t il l a l l th e w e igh ts h a ve ru n d o w n .

H o t -a i r m o to r . A c urre n t o f h o t a ir p as s i n g up th e flue

re vo lve s th e turb in e .

N a p h t h a e n gi n e s a r e gas e n gi n e s e m ploy i n g th e va p our o f

n aph th a a n d a i r a s a n e xp l o s ive m ixture , i n s te a d o f tha t o f p e trole um (o i l e n gi n e ) o r c arbure t te d h y d ro ge n gas (ga s e n gi n e ) .

Sect io n 62 .

— PAWL AND RATC H ET MOTI O NS.

(S e e a lso

93 66 . F r i c ti o n gr ip p aw l, a s ap p l ie d to a wh e e l , m ay be us e d a lso fo r ar o d .

2 3 67. R a t c h e t b r a c e , o r fe e d le ve r, i n wh i c h th e p awl i s a fixe d to o th,

a n d th e le ve r i s s lo t te d to a llow th e p aw l to c le a r th e te e th o n the

ba c k s trok e .

R a t c h e t b r a c e , w i th s lo tte d p awl .D i tto

,w i th fri c t io n gr ip p aw l .

D i tto , w i th o ut pa w l . Th e h a n d le i s h i n ge d to th e s o cke t

a rm,a n d h a s a to o th ge a ri n g w i th th e ra tc h e t , a n d th row n i n a n d

out by th e m o vem e n t o f th e h a n d le .

D o ub le -a c ti n g p aw ls a n d le v e r .

I n te r n a l h o o k e d p aw l .I n t e r n a l s tru t-a c ti o n p aw l .G r a v i t y p aw l a n d c r ow n r a tc h e t.

2 3 5 8 .


2 3 6 2

2 3 6 3

2 3 6 5 .

2 3 6 4

2 3 6 6

2 3 7 L

2 3 70 .

2 3 6 L

2 3 72

3 0 2 , THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -B OOKS

23 75 . R a tc h e t r a c k , c ra n k a n d c o n n e c ti n g r o d,i n te rm i tte n t m ovem e n t ,

—a d e te n t m ay be ad d e d to r e turn th e ra c k .

2376 . I n te r n a l sp r i n g p aw ls fo r a r a tc h e t brac e .

2377. R o c k i n g e s c a p em e n t .

2378 . D i t t o d i tto

2379 to 23 84. Fo rm s o f lo c k e d i n te rm i tte n t m o v em e n ts .

2385 23 86 . I n te rm i tte n t r o ta ry m o v em e n ts o n sp i n d les at r igh t

a n gle s .

Se c t io n 68 .

—P R ESS I N G .

(Se e a ls o 19.

23 87. L e v e r p r e s s fo r h ay , s traw , &c .,w i th rac k a n d pawl at e ac h s id e

o p e i a te d by two h a n d le ve rs .

2388. C o n ti n uo us p r e s s fo r c o a l d ust , &c . Th e ram h a s a r e c ip ro

c at i n g m o t i o n,a n d th e m a te ri a l i s fo r c e d i n to a tap e re d c h ambe r,

th e r e sulti n g fric t io n i n wh ic h give s suffic i e n t r e s istan c e to p re ss

th e m a te r ia l to th e d e n s i ty r e quire d .

Se c t io n 66 .

— RO P E G EAR .

(Se e a lso 19 .

2389 . E n d a tt a c h m e n t fo r rop e by a s tap le bo l t a n d p late .



23 90. D o ub le v e e p ulle y r im for two rop e s .

23 91 . W i r e o r h em p r o p e a tta c h m e n t,w i th two bo lt c l ip s .

2392. S im i la r a tta c h m e n t,w ith a th im ble a n d o n e b e l t c l ip a n d a

s e iz i n g o r ya rn .

23 93 . D o ub le -b o lt c li p fo r w i re rop e s.

2394. Ta p e r s o c k e t e n d a tta c hm e n t fo r w i re r op e s . Th e e n d w ir e s

a r e c ut to d i ffe re n t le n gth s , a n d a l l be n t ba c k a t o n e p o i n t . Th i s

s tra n d e d e n d o f th e r o p e i s th e n fo rc e d i n to th e tap e r soc ket, a n dth e sp ac e s fille d w i th m e lte d le ad o r p ew te r .

23 95 . Th e sam e m e th o d ap p lie d to a fla t tap e r s o cke t

Sec t io n 69 . RAIS I N G AND LOWE R I N G .

(Se e a ls o p .

23 96 . R i c h m o n d ’s p a te n t b a la n c e h y d r auli c li ft. A i s th e liftc yli n d e r , c o n n e c t e d Op e n ly to th e bala n c e c y l i n d e r B ,

w h i c h i s

w e igh te d to n e ar ly ba la n c e r am A a n d c age . Pre ssure wate r i s

app li e d to r am C to ra i s e th e lo ad i n c age .

23 97. W aygo o d’

s p a te n t h y d r auli c b a la n c e li ft. A i s th e l iftc y li n d e r c omm un i c a ti n g w i th th e i n te ri o r o f c y li n d e r a n d r am B

wh i ch a r e fixe d ; c yli n d e r 0 a n d r am D a r e lo ad e d to n e a rlybalan c e th e c age a n d r am A , a n d th e load i s ra ise d by adm i tti n gp r e ssur e w ate r to c yl i n d e r 0 .

2398. L e v e r a n d r a c k li ft i n g m o ti o n . Th e rack m ay be h e ld up a t

e a c h lif t by a p awl.

23 99. R a c k a n d le v e r susp e n d e d h o i s t. A p awl o r brake m ay bead d e d to susta i n th e lo ad .

2400 . Sp a n i sh W i n d la s s .

THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK. 3 0 5


2401 . D o ub le h o i s ti n g b a r r e ls , ge are d toge th e r ; th e rop e p as se s r oun db o th barre ls .

Th e “O t i s ” 1OW p r e s sur e e le v a to r ( hyd rauli c ) i s wo rk e d from

a n o ve rh e ad a i r a c c um ula to r a t 80 l bs . p re ssure , th e h yd ro s ta ti ch e ad be i n g 40 l bs . Th e re i s o n e d e s c e n d i n g m a i n p i p e c o n n e c te d

to a sm a l l ta n k o r c lo se ve ss e l , i n to w h i c h th e p um p s d e l i ve r , a n dfrom wh i c h th e lif t p re s sure wa t e r i s take n .

Se ct io n 70 .

— ANTI-FR I CTI O N BEAR I N GS.

(S e e a lso 19 .

2402 R o lle r b e a r i n gs fo r c e n tr i fuga l m i lk s e p a r a to r s , & c . Th e

p a n i s c a rr i e d o n th re e la rge ro lle rs run n i n g aga i n s t a n i n ve rte dc o n e , a s sh ow n .

2403 . B a ll b e a r i n g fo r v e r ti c a l sh a ft. By Si r Gabri e l Stoke s.2404 2405 . F o rm s o f gr o o v e s fo r b a ll b e a r i n gs , run n i n g h o rizon

t a l ly , sh ow i n g p o i n t s o f be ari n g i n gro o ve s .

2 10 6 . R o lle r h e a r i n g fo r a v e r t i c a l sh a ft, w i th s te e l ba ll s be tw e e nth e e n d s o f th e c o n e ro ll e rs t o s e p a ra te th em a n d re d uc e th e i rfri c ti o n .

2 107. R o ll e r b e a r i n g fo r a d o o r,o r o th e r a r t ic l e h av i n g a lim i te d

trave l . Th e ro l le r run s o n th e flo o r, o r a m i ],a n d i ts sp i n d l e

ro ll s a lo n g th e s l o t , th e l e n g th o f wh i c h i s p ro p o rtio n e d to thtrave l o f th e d o o r .

2408 . D o ub l e c o n e r o lle r s fo r a table h avi n g a h o r i zo n ta l c i rc ula rm o ti o n .

2409. R o lle r b e a r i n g fo r w ago n a x le,w i th bal l s b e twe e n th e r o l le r

e n d s to se p ara te th em a n d p re v e n t i n te rn a l fr i c ti o n .

An t i-fri c t io n sc re ws . Se e N o s . 2413 , 2 114.

A n ti -fri c ti o n w o rm ge a r. Se e N o . 245 1.

2410 . V e r ti c a l b a l l b e a r i n g, w i th h e ar i n g surfa c e s adjuste d to r e c e ive

th e d i re c t th rus t o f th e ba lls .

2411 . Susp e n d e d b a ll b e a r i n g.

2412 . B a ll o r r o lle r a x le b e a r i n g.

2413 . W h i te ’s a n ti -fr i c ti o n b a l l b e a r i n g s c r ew a n d n ut . A.D . 1822 .

Square th re a d s c re w,th e ba lls t i av c l ro un d th e s c re w th re ad , a n d

by a p a s s-

g r o o ve ba c k to th e o th e r e n d aga i n .

2414. L i e b’s a n t i -fr i c t i o n s c r ew a n d n u t , s im i la r to th e la s t, but

w i th a c o n c ave gro ove d sc re w . A .D . 1890.

Se ct io n 71 .

— RO P E,BE LT AND CHAIN P U L L EYS.

(Se e a lso

2415 . R o p e gr i p p ulle y . De ard e n ’

s p a te n t.


3 0 8 THE ENGINEER S SKETCH -B OOK.

Se ct io n 73 .— RAI L AND TRAM ROADS.

(S e e a lso 10 .

C e n tr e r a i l , w i th fri c tio n grip fo r m o d e ra te i n c l i n e s .

R a c k r a i lw ay s fo r s te e p i n c li n e s o f a n a n gl e , i n s om e c a se s o fa r e m ad e w i th c e n tra l ra c k ra i ls ( i n a d d i tio n to th e o rd i n aryra il s ) , a n d th e e n gi n e s h ave s te e l ge ari n g, wh i c h ge ars i n to th et e e th out i n t he ra c k ra i l .

Se c t io n 74.—R EV E RS ING G EAR .

(Se e a lso p .

2417. R e v e r s i n g m o ti o n o n th e s am e sh a ft by o n e be lt a n d two

p ul le ys ; A i s fa s t to th e sh a ft a n d B fa s t to th e b e ve l wh e e l C ,

D ru n s o n a fixe d s tud .

2418. F r i c ti o n c o n e r e v e r s i n g m o ti o n o n sh afts a t ri gh t a n gle s .

Sec t io n 75 .

— ROTARY MOTO RS.

(S e e a ls o p .

2419 . R o ta ry d o ub le -p i sto n m o to r , p um p , o r m e te r w i ll wo rk i n

e i th e r d ire c tio n .

2420. R o ta ry m o to r,w i th h i n ge d s te am abutm e n t.

Se ct io n 76 .

—SHAFTI N G .

(Se e a lso 19.

2421 . I r o n c e n tr e fo r a w o o d sh a ft s e c ure d by a n e n d p late , four bo ltsw i th re c e s se d n uts , a n d a w ro ugh t-i ro n ba n d .

2422 . I r o n c e n tr e fo r a w o o d s h a ft,d rive n i n a c e n tra l bo re d h o le ,

a n d s e c ur e d by a c ro s s c o tte r~a n d two wrough t-i ro n ba n d s .

2423 . I r o n c e n tr e fo r a w o o d sh a ft. Th e p i n i s d rive n i n to a n i ro nc ro s s , wh i c h i s a lso d rive n i n to th e e n d o f th e sh aft i n tra n sve rsec uts m ad e to re c e ive i t , a n d s e cure d by two wrough t-iro n ban d s .

Se c t io n 77.—SP I N D LES AND C E NTR ES.

(S e e a lso p .

2424. L a th e fa s t h e a d s to c k sp i n d le , sh owi n g c o n e d journ a ls a n d

a djus tm e n ts .

2425 . Atta c h m e n t o f a lo o s e e n d c e n tr e t o a sh a ft , w ith c o n e d e n d,

wh i c h p re ve n ts th e h o le burs ti n g from c ro ss s tra i n o n th e c e n tre .

H o o k c e n tr e p i n ,e a s ily d i s e n gage d .

S tud c e n tr e,w i th wa sh e r ri ve te d o n o r s e c ure d by a n ut.

R am o r trun k p i s to n c e n tr e fo r c o n n e c ti n g r o d , fas te n e d by a n

i n te rn al n ut .R am o r trun k p i s to n c e n tr e , s c re w e d i n to th e p isto n .

R am o r trun k p i s to n c e n tr e , w i th a tra n sve rs e p i n p asse d r igh t

th ro ugh th e p isto n .

THE ENGINEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

4 0 9

3 1 0 THE E NGI NEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

243 1. Sw a y i n g b a ll c e n tr e .

2432. R o c k i n g o r sw ay i n g c e n tr e .

243 3 . R o c k i n g o r sw a y i n g c e n tr e .

2434. E y e le t c e n tr e fo r two o r m o re le ve rs.

243 5 . C e n tr e p i n , w i th lug a n d s c r ew,to p re ve n t i t from w o rk i n g out .

243 6 , 2437 243 8 . M e th o d s o f fitti n g up c o n n e c ti n g r o d c e n tr e si n tru n k p i s to n s o r r am s .

Se ct io n 78 . SCREW G EAR,BO LTS

,620 .

(Se e a ls o p .

243 9 . B a ll h e a d b o lt a n d n ut to a llo w i t to d raw up out o f l i n e .

2440 . U n iv e r s a l b o lt h e a d .

2441 . B a ll jo i n t b o lt a n d n u t .

2442 . F lush h e a d c o n e d b o lt.

2443 . Muti la te d s c r ew a n d n ut .

2444. N u t lo c k,by a fixe d lug a n d sp li t p i n .

2445 . C o n e d b o lt fo r s e curi n g a n d key i n g two pa rts o f a m a ch i n e i n

exa c t re la tio n .

2446 . D oub le -n utte d b o lt,e a s i ly m a d e o f roun d i ro n .

2447. L e v e r a n d c om p oun d n uts to o bta i n gre a t l e ve rage o n a s c rew ,

a s i n a p re ss ; o n e n ut a rm i s use d a s a fulc rum by wh i c h th e

le ve r fo rc e s th e o th e r roun d . Ste p p e d p awls a r e use d to p re ve n t

th e firs t n ut be i n g lo o se n e d wh i le m ovi n g th e se c o n d .


3 1 2 THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH-B OOK.

2448 . S c r ew ge a r to op e ra te th re e wo rm wh e e ls i n th e sam e d i re c tio n,

fo r c h uc ks , &c .

S c r ew e d s tay b o lt, as a d is ta n c e s tay fo r bo ile r p late s , &0 .

S c r ew e y e a n d h a n d le n ut .

An ti -fr i c ti o n w o rm ge a r . Th e wo rm wh e e l h a s fr ic ti o n r o lle r srun n i n g o n p i n s , wh i c h ge a r w i th th e wo rm .

S ta p le b o lt a n d w a sh e r p la te .

Fa n g p la te w a sh e r fo r w o o d .

F a n g p la te w a sh e r fo r wo o d .

Sun k s e t s c r ew,w i th d iffe re n t ia l th re a d s , to d r aw two p la te s o r

p ie c e s toge th e r.

Tap e r s c r ew ,quic kly re le a s e d .

Muti la te d s c r e w to sli d e i n to a n ut h avi n g c o rre sp o n d i n g s e c tio n so f th e th re ad c ut away , a n d to fix by a partia l tur n . Use d fo r

bre e c h -p i e c e s o f c a n n o n .

2458 . B o lt h e a d,W i th tr a n sv e r s e h o le s

,fo r a p la i n “ tommy ba r

wre n c h .

B a c k la sh n ut fo r a squa re th re a d s c re w.

C a p n u t .

S c r ew sto p p e r . Se e N o . 2544.

S lo tte d n ut a n d s e t p i n fo r fin e adjus tm e n t, o r fo r tak i n g up we a r.

L o c k n uts usually two n uts a r e em p lo y e d , th e thicke s t o n e oute rm o s t . Th e re a r e m a n y fo rm s o f p a te n t n uts d e s ign e d to p re ve n tlo o s e n i n g by vibra t io n .

Nuts c a n be c a s t a rou n d a s c re w i n wh i te m e ta l o r br a ss .

Se c t io n 79 .

—SL I D E AND OTH E R VALV E G EAR .

(S e e a lso 17.

2462. Cu t-o ff ge a r . Two c ut-o ff va lve s s im ilar to No . 1456 , r egula te dby a n e xte rn a l h a n d wh e e l fo rm i n g th e va lve Sp i n d le guid e bush .

246 3 . Dup le x m o t i o n fo r a v a lv e,to op e r ate i t by e i th e r r e d , usi n g

th e o th e r a s a ful c rum .

245 4 .


2 4 4 8 .

24 5 5 .

24 6 0 .

24 6 2 .

2 4 5 0 .

24 5 1


2 464. V a lv e ge a r , w i th s i n gle e c c e n tr i c,a n d va riable trave l , adjus t

abl e by h a n d wh e e l . Th e e c c e n tri c d rive s a b lo c k to a n d fr o i n

a slo t,th e a n gle o f wh i c h i n re sp e c t o f th e s li d e va lve c e n tre li n e

i s va r iable by a ro ck i n g m o ti o n c o n tro lle d by a h a n d wh e e l.

2465 . N ew a l l 's h igh sp e e d e n gi n e , s i n gle -ac ti n g. I n th i s e n gi n e th e

c o n n e c t i n g r o d trun k c e n tre a n d th e p i s to n ar e m ad e to d is tribute

th e s te am a s sh ow n .

246 6 . R e v e r s i n g m o v em e n t fo r a v a lv e , wh e re th e p ow e r will o n ly

m o ve th e valve to th e h a l f s troke o r m i d p o s i ti o n , a s i n a sli d e

va lv e h yd ra uli c e n gi n e ( s e e N o . th e ro lli n g we igh t th e n

c om p le te s th e m ove m e n t (se e a ls o No .

2467. Autom a ti c o r go v e r n o r c ut-o ff ge a r . Th e go ve rn o r o p e ra te s

th e sle e ve , wh i c h h a s a s c re w m o vem e n t o n th e p i n fixe d to th e

c ran k sh aft ; a para lle l fe a th e r o n th e s le e ve re vo lve s th e c ut-o ff

e c c e n tri c , a n d va ri e s th e trave l o f th e c ut-o ff va lve . Th e s lid e

va lve s a r e o f th e fo rm o f No . 1456 .

2468 . Ec c e n tr i c m o ti o n to Op e r a te tw o s li d e v a lv e s.

246 9 . C r a n k Sh a ft go v e r n o r . Th e c e n trifugal ge ar a c ts o n a n outs id e

c ra n k t o wh i c h th e e c c e n tri c r o d i s a tta c h e d , i n s te a d o f a sh e ave

a n d s trap . A sp r i n g i s app l ie d to re turn th e c ra n k to full ge a r. ~


3 1 6

2470 .

2471 .

2472 .

2473 .

2474.

2475 .

2476 .

2477.

2478 .

2481 .


S i n gle e c c e n tr i c a d jus ta b l e c ut o ff fo r a“ Fi n k li n k ge ar ;

p la i n D va lve give s e qua l d i s t r i but i o n o f s te am a t a n y c ut-o ff th e

t ra ve l o f th e va lve i s re gula te d by th e h a n d w h e e l .

C am -b a r m o v em e n t fo r o p e ra t i n g t wo va lve s use d fo r h yd raul ics ta rti n g va lve s .

C r a n k sh a ft go v e r n o r c u t -o ff ge a r . Two h i n ge d c e n trifugalw e igh ts a r e Co up l e d by l i n ks t o t h e c ut -o ff e c c e n tr i c sh e ave , a n dre turn e d t o th e ful l o p e n p o s i t i o n by sp ri n gs .

Jo y’

s lo c om o t i v e v a lv e ge a r o p e ra t e d by th e c o n n e c t i n g r e d ;th e r o d A i s c o n n e c t e d t o th e s ta rt i n g l e ve r to re ve rs e , va ry , o r

s to p th e d is tribut i o n o f s te am by t h e s l id e va lve,a s i n th e o rd i n ary

l i n k m o t i o n .

L e v e r a n d T c r o s sh e a d to O p e n a va l v e by e i th e r m o t i o n o f th e

le ve r t o r igh t o r l e ft . S e c a IS o l\'

o . 246 3 .

C r a n k s h a ft go v e r n o r (Pro f . Sw e e t’

s ) , c ut-o ff ge ar to va ry th e

th row o f a c ut-o ff e c c e n tri c .

R e v e r s i n g l i n k m o ti o n ,w i th s in gle e c c e n tri c ; th e Slo t li n k i s

h i n ge d to th e re ve rs i n g le ve r.S le e v e a n d e c c e n tr i c m o ti o n fo r go ve r n o r c ut-o s . Th e i n n e r( lo n ge s t) sle e ve h a s a lo n gi tud i n a l m o ve m e n t from th e go ve r n o ra l o n g a s tra igh t fe a th e r gfo i iv e i n th e sh a ft

,a n d h a s a sp ira l

gro o ve i n i t s p e riph e ry i n to w h i c h p roj e c t s a p i n o r fe a th e r o n th ee c c e n tri c sl e e ve

,s o th a t th e l o n gi tud i n a l m o t io n o f th e i n n e r sle e ve

re vo lve s th e e c c e n tri c a n d a l te rs th e tra ve l o f the c ut a o ff s lid e .

Th e W a l s c h a e r t s v a lv e ge a r , o n e e r c c n tr i c . Th e s lo t te d li n ki s h un g a t i t s c e n tre t o a fixe d h i n ge p i n ,

a n d th e re ve rs i n g ge a rsh i fts th e l i n k blo c k up o r d o w n th e s lo t li n k .

S li d e v a lv e s m ay b e w o rk e d by ra c k a n d p i n i o n o n th e ba ck o r

s id e fla n ge s o f th e va lve , o r by a s c re w a n d n ut ; th e n ut b e i n gle t i n to th e b o d y o f th e va lve i n a re c e ss .

Se ct io n 80 .

— SP R I N GS.

(Se e a lso p .

W o o d e n sp r i n gs o f la n c e w o o d o r a sh .

C a r r i age s p r i n g, w i th s p lay e d li n k susp e n s i o n . Th i s im p ro ve sth e p lay a n d a c t i o n o f th e sp r i n g o ve r th e ve rt ic a l m e th o d .

Dup le x c om p r e s s i o n sp r i n g. Th e tw o sp ri n gs a r e c o ile do pp o si te way s .

E qu a li s i n g le v e r to d i st r ibute th e lo ad o n two c ar sp ri n gs.D o ub l e -e n d e d v o lute sp r i n g fo r c om p re s s io n .

Sp r i n g b a n d .

Sp r i n g p i s to n r i n gs . Se e Se c t io n 58.

C o n o i d a l s p i r a l s p r i n g.

Ad ju s ta b le s p i r a l s p r i n g. A w a sh e r o n to p h as fo ur va n e sb e low i t d ri l le d w i th h o le s to sui t th e d iam e te r a n d p i tc h o f th e

s pri n g w i re , w h i c h ,be i n g th re a d e d th rough th e va n e s , i s re n d e re d

i n a c tive . s o fa r a s i t i s h e ld by th e va n e s . Th i s ap p l ia n c e th e refo re , is us e d to Sh o rte n o r le n gth e n th e live o r a c t i ve p art o f a

sp i ra l Sp ri n g .

THE ENGI NEER S SKETCH -B O 0K.

247 l

2 4 70 .

.2 4 72 .

‘

2473 .

2 477. 24 78 .

2 4 8 0 .

24 8 l .

3 1 7


Se c t io n 81 .

— SAFETY AP P L IAN C ES.

(S e e a ls o p .

Gua r d fo r sp ur ge a r i n g.

Gua r d fo r b e v i l ge a r i n g.

S a fe ty n u t fo r a run n i n g s c rew . Th e n ut tak e s n o stra i n un ti l th eth re ad i n th e m a i n n ut g ive s way from w e ar.

F i r e a la rm s ( aut om a t i c ) d e p e n d fo r th e i r a c ti o n o n i n c re a s e O f

tem p e ra ture ab ove a n o rm a l m ax imum .

D i a p h r agm s a r e i n s e rte d i n th e p ip e c o n n e c ti o n s to hyd rauli c liftc y l i n d e rs to adm i t o r d i s ch a rge th e w a te r a t m o d e ra te s p e e d s

o n ly , so th a t i n c a s e O f a burs t th e l ift sh o uld n o t d e s c e n d to o

rap i d ly .

R e ta i n i n g v a lv e s,o r n o n -re turn valve s , a r e e m p loy e d to c o n fin e

a n y sud d e n sh o ck s from hyd rauli c m a c h i n e s o r from bre akage s , t olo c a l p ip e s .

R e li e f v a lv e s a r e a p p lie d to a l l hyd raul i c p re s sure sys tem s to

obv ia t e th e e ffe c ts Of sh o c k .

An e x tr a W i r e r o p e i s fre que n tly em ploy e d o n susp e n d e d li ftsto a c t a s a sa fe ty ro p e .

2490 . S a fe ty c e n tr i fuga l h o o k s to a rre st a re vo lvi n g Sh a ft wh e n th e

sp e e d b e c o m e s e xc e s s ive . Th e h o ok s fly Out a n d e n gage w i th

p i n s o n a fixe d d i s c .

R o p e gu a r d s b o a r d s ,s c r e e n s , gu a r d r a i ls , & c .

,a r e n e c e s s ary

to p ro te c t p e rso n s from ru n n i n g ro p e s i n h o is ti n g a n d rop ed rivi n g ge ars .

C o lla r a n d s e t s c r e w,to p re ve n t a ke y from w o rk in g o ut . A

s e t s c re w o n ly— tap p e d i n to th e s ha ft— i s som e t im e s em p loy e d fo r

th is s e rv i c e .

Se c t io n 232 .

— STEAM TRAPS.

(S e e a lso 10 .

0 492 . S te am tr a p , Ope ra te d by e xp a n s io n o f a be n t bar wh i c h c lo s e s th ei n le t va lve .

Se c t io n 84.—TOOTH ED G EAR I N G .

(S e e a lso p .

C i r c u la r r a c k ( re vo lvi n g) a n d s e c t o r, use d o n go ve rn o r s .

Sk ew w o rm a n d w h e e l ge a r .

O v a l ge a r , l i n k e d toge th e r.M i tr e ge a r , a n gle Of sh a fts variable . Th e two b e ari n gs a r e

h i n ge d toge th e r o n th e p i tc h li n e o f th e p a i r o f wh e e ls .

2497. W o o d -fa c e d s p u r ge a r , to r un w i th th e w o o d fa c e s i n c o n ta c t fo r

qui e tn e s s . Th e w o o d fa c e s a r e re n e wable , l ike m o rti se te e th .

Se e N o s . 13 52 a n d 1 3 53 .

2498 . E la sti c sp u r ge a r , to p re ve n t ba ckla sh .


2499 . B e v i l ge a r , w i th r o lle r te e th i n o n e w h e e l o f th e p a i r,2500 . C i r c u la r r a c k a n d p i n i o n ge a r . Th e rac k c a n re vo lv e I n d e

p e n d e n tly Of th e ve rti c a l m o ve m e n t.

Se c t io n 85 .

-TRANSMISS I O N O F POWER ,

(Se e a lso

2501. H y d r auli c tr a n sm i s s i o n by two m o to rs ( ro ta ry) , s e e Se c tio n 75 °

o n e O f wh i c h i s th e d rive r a n d th e o th e r th e d rive n m o to rc o n n e c te d by two p i p e s , th rough wh i c h th e o i l o r wa te r i s kep t i nc i rc ula t i o n from o n e m e te r to th e o th e r,

Se ct io n 86 3—TAN KS, C I STE RNS AND R ESERVO IRS(Se e a lso p . 1 92 )

2502 . S te e l b o ttle fo r c om p r e s s e d ga s e s , & c .

B a r r e ls a n d c a s k s a r e us e d a s ta n ks .

Tu n s a n d v a ts a re large c a sk s fo rm e d O f p la n k in g h o op e d a t

fre que n t i n te rvals .

Squ a r e o r r e c ta n gula r v a ts ar e fo rm e d e i th e r o f wo o d,h e ld

to ge th e r by i o n g be l ts , o r O f s la t e s labs s e c ure d i n a s im i la r way ,

C om p o u n d ta n k s , Wh e re i t i s i n c o n ve n i e n t to em p loy o r e re c to n e large ta n k

,s e ve ra l sm a ll e r o n e s a r e c o n n e c t e d toge th e r by

c i rc ula ti n g p ip e s .

Se c t io n 87.-THROW|NG I N AND OUT O F G EAR .

(S e e a lso p .

Pr e s s e r fo o t fo r s ew i n g m a c h i n e s,o r fo r i n te rm i tte n t h o ld i n g

O f a n y fla t a rti c le s li f te d o ut O f ge ar , a n d h e ld by th e fe a th e r e n dre s t i n g o n th e Sl id i n g s o c ke t .

2504. B e lt sh i ft i n g b a r , a djus tab le e ve ry way .

2505 . R e v o lv i n g w o rm fo r Op e ra t i n g a be lt sh ift i n g bar , lo cki n g i t a tth e sam e t im e .

2506 . W o rm ge a r m ay be th ro wn out o r i n by m o vi n g th e wh e e l s id e a

way s o n i ts sh a f t .

2507. B e l t a n d s lo t d e v i c e fo r ge a ri n g two wh e e ls toge th e r o n o n e

sh aft , us e d o n la th e h e ad s to c ks.

2508 . H a lf n u t fo r th ro w i n g o ut o f ge a r, w i th s c rew, an d fitte d w i th

sp ri n g to tak e up th e w e a r o f th e n u t

2509 . S li d i n g s h a ft fo r w i n c h o r o th e r ge ar , to sh i ft th e p i n io n out Of

ge a r o r c h a n ge to a n o th e r sp e e d (a s i n NO .

25 10 . A n o th e r m e th o d o f lo c k i n g a Slid i n g sh a ft i n o r o ut Of ge a r

Se ct io n 88 .

- VAR IABL E MOTI O N AND POWER .

(Se e a lso 19 .

V a r i a b l e b e lt d r i v e by e l lip t i c pull e y .

V a r i a b le d r iv e by a n i n te rm e d ia te fri c tio n wh e e l , a n d two fr i c tio nc o n e s a t r igh t a n gle s .

25 13 . Th e s am e d e v i c e a p p l i e d t o tw o d i s c s run n i n g i n Oppo s ited ire c ti o n s o n th e sam e axis .


S SKETCH -B OOK.

25 14. V a r i a b le d r i v e by a V b e l t ru n n i n g be tw e e n c o n e d i sc s,th e sp a c e

25 15 .

25 16 .

25 17.

25 18.

2 5 19 .

2 520 .

252 1.

2522 .

be twe e n wh i c h c an be vari e d by a h an d l e ve r o r sc rew m o ti o n .

V a r i ab l e c om p e n s a ti o n w e igh t a n d p a ra lle l m o t io n fo r s te am

e n gi n e s , by M. N . Fo r n e y ,Ne w Y o xk

, 1893 .

V a r i ab le c o n e d r i v i n g. Eva n s ’ va riable fri c ti o n ge a r ; a lo o se

le a th e r ba n d , w i th a tra ve rs i n g m o t io n by h a n d s c re w, fo rm s th e

gr ip p in g m e d ium be twe e n th e c o n e s .

V a r i a b l e r a d ius le v e r,o p e ra te d by a c ra n k m oti o n to giv e

variable a n gula r re c ip ro c a ti n g m o t i o n to a sh a ft .

V a r i ab le c r a n k p i n a djus te d l y a s e c to r a n d b o lt.

V a r i a b l e c r a n k p i n a djus te d by a tra n sve rs e s c rew.

V a r i ab le d r iv i n g fr i c ti o n ge a r to give a va riable sp e e d to th e

b e vi l-wh e e l sh a ft A by vary i n g th e p o s it io n o f th e fri c ti o n p i n i o n s

a s re gard s th e d i sc B .

V a r i ab le a d ju s tm e n t fo r a s p i r a l sp r i n g.

Ad justab le c e n tr e -p i e c e o r b e a r i n g fo r a sp i n d le o r r e d .

2523 . V a r i ab le r a d ius h a n d c r a n k .

2524. V a r i a b le th r ow c r a n k p i n .

2525 . V a r i ab le m o ti o n take n from a r e vo lvi n g c yli n d e r o r sh aft by a

fri c tio n Wh e e l, wh o s e a n gle c an be va ri e d .

2 526 S im i l a r m o ti o n tak e n from a re v o lv in g d i sc .


3 2 4 THE ENGI NEE R’

S“

SKE TCH -B OOK.

Se ct io n 89 .

— VALV ES AND COC KS.

(Se e a ’so p .

25 27. S l i d e v a lv e p o r ts , w i th grad ua l c ut-o ff.

2528. Pi s to n v a lv e i n s e c t io n . Se e No . 16 54. Th i s c o n struc tio n avo i d sSp ri n g r i n gs , wh i c h d o n o t ru n w e ll a c ro ss th e p o rts , th e e n t ireva lve be i n g sp run g i n to th e bo re .

2529. Tub e a i r v a lv e . Ca n be m ad e to o p e n a n d shut by re vo lvi n g, o rby lo n gi tud i n a l m o tio n .

253 0 . C o r l i s s v a lv e,w i th re c ta n gula r ro c k i n g sp i n d le .

25 3 1 . F lum e v a lv e fo r wa te r.

25 32 . D oub le c o n e valv e fo r s te am o r w a te r, c lo s e s th e le ak age r oun d

th e s c re w wh e n o p e n e d , a n d re quire s n o p a c k in g.

25 3 3 . D o ub le p o r te d s l i d e v a lv e .

253 4. C o n e p lug a n d rub b e r r i n g fo r p luggi n g a p ip e .

253 5 . R e v e r s i n g v a lv e fo r ga s o r a i r bla s t.

25 3 6 . S li d e v a lv e to give a wid e p o rt o p e n i n g w ith sh o rt tr ave l.

2537. R em o v ab le v a lv e s e a t,o r gla n d , se c ure d by th re e s e t s c r e ws

a n d lug s i n s id e th e va lve box .

253 8 . S a fe ty v a lv e,w i th d oub le b a ll j o i n t s e a ti n gs , h e ld d ow n

by d e a d w e igh t , h un g o n th e oute r c a se .

2 53 9 . O s c i lla ti n g r i n g v a lv e .

H igh -

p r e s sur e h y d r auli c s li d e v a lv e s a r e n ow m ad e o f h a rdw o o d

, suc h a s lign um v i tae,run n i n g o n a bro n ze fa c e ; th e wo o d

va lve i s s om e t im e s e n c lo se d i n a bro n ze bo d y o r s trap .

2540 . H y d r au li c h igh -p r e s sur e v a lv e , w i th re n e wable fa c e .



Tap , w i th c r a n k m o v e m e n t,to o p e n a n d c lo s e a n o rd i n ary

m ush ro om va lve .

2542 . Sp r i n g lo a d e d v a lv e . May b e op e n e d by l ift i n g, a s sh o w n, o r

by a h o rizo n ta l pull i n a n y d ire c ti o n ,th e pul l r o d be i n g a tta c h e d

t o th e top o f a fixe d s tud i n th e c e n tre o f th e va lve , wh i ch th e n

t ilts i n op e n i n g.

S a fe ty v a lv e,w i th k n i fe e d ge .

S c r ew p lug b o ttle s t e p p e r . (Co d d’

s pate n t.)D i sh e d gr a ti n g v a lv e .

Se ct io n 90 .

—WATE R WH E E LS AND TU RBI N ES.

(Se e a lso 19 .

W a te r -j e t d o ub le turb i n e m o to r .

Se ct io n 91 .

— WH E ELS I N SEGME NTS.

(S e e a lso 19 .

2547. Sp i d e r w h e e l o r te n s i o n w h e e l. Cy c le wh e e ls a re c o n

s truc te d o n th is p r in c i p l e , a s a ls o w e re th e gre a t w h e e l s a t

Ch i c ago a n d E arl ’s Co ur t. Th e re a r e m a n y vari e ti e s o f th i s ty pe .

S te e l r a i lw a y W h e e l,w i th d ish e d w e b . Wrough t i ro n o r s te e l

d i sc fly-wh e e ls a r e n o w i n s om e c a s e s re p la c i n g wh e e ls w i th a rm s .

F ly-W h e e ls a r e a ls o c o n s truc te d w i th th e r im fo rm e d o f w rough ti ro n ba rs w oun d roun d a n d rive tte d toge th e r, o r o f h e avy wi rec o i le d ro un d a n d s e c ure d w i th s te e l be lts .

Se c t io n 92 .—WE I G H I N G AND MEASU R I N G .

(Se e a lso p .

D i ffe r e n ti a l w e igh i n g b e am . Th e lowe r h o ok i s susp e n d e d

ve ry n e ar th e c e n tre l i n e o f th e upp e r o n e , givi n g a c lo se a djus tm e n t w i th a sh o rt gra d ua t e d a rm .

M e a sur i n g o r fe e d w h e e l,fo r s e e d s , &c . Th e li ttle cup s d ip

i n to th e m a te ri a l , a n d c a rry i t up to a sh o o t.

E v e n -flow r e gu la to r , fo r a tap . Se e No . 2204s .

W i r e a n d sh e e t V gauge .

B a la n c e , w i th a n gu la r w e igh t, a n d grad ua te d s e c to r .

M e a sur i n g t a p .


3 2 8 i THE ENGI NEER S SKE TCH -B OOK.

Se ct lc n 94.

-WASH I N G .

“

(Se e a lso 19.

R o ta r y c lo th e s w a sh e r . Co n s i s ts o f a n i n te rn a l p e rfo ra te dd rum d rive n ro un d i n a l te rn a te d ire c t io n s i n s id e a fixe d d rum

, o r

o th e r ve s s e l c o n ta i n i n g so ap a n d wa te r.Ar c h im e d e a n c i r c ula to r , fo r a wa sh i n g trough .

Se ct io n 95 .

—WI N DMI L LS AND FEATH ER I N G WH E E LS.

(Se e a lso 17.

255 6 . F e a th e r i n g p a d d le w h e e l,o r ti d e w h e e l. Th e th re e floa ts

a r e m a i n ta i n e d v e rt i c a l by sp ur wh e e ls o n th e i r sp i n d le e n d s,

wh i c h ge ar w i th id le p i n i o n s d ri ve n by a fixe d c e n tra l spur wh e e lo f sam e s ize a s th o s e o n th e flo a ts .

2557. W i n d tu rb i n e . Th e va n e s a r e fo rm e d a s No . 1 967,to r e c e ive th e

w i n d p aralle l to th e axi s .

W i n d m i lls a r e fitte d w i th autom a ti c re gulat i n g d e vi c e s to a djus tth e i r a n gle a re a a n d d ire c t io n to th e fo rc e a n d d i re c tio n o f th e

w i n d .

Se ct io n 96 .

— WI N D I N G AP PARATUS.

(Se e a lso p .

2558 . Fus e e fo r roun d ro p e .

Se c t io n 97.

—'

HAN D LES,HANDWH E E LS, KEYS AND

SPAN N ERS.

(Se e a lso p .

2559 . Di sh e d h a n d w h e e l .25 60 . B e n t h a n d le , w i th lo op e d e n d .

256 1 . H a n d le k e y fo r c o c k .

25 62 . H a n d w h e e l lo c k n uts fo r a s c re we d be l t o r o th e r fa ste n i n g.

2563 . C o n e d h a n d le .

25 64. C r a n k e d k e y o r sp a n n e r .

2565 . L o o p h a n d le fo r p la i n le ve r.256 6 . H i n ge d sp a n n e r fo r t igh te n i n g n uts o r s c rewe d gla n d s , h av i n g

p i n h o le s o r n o tch e d e d ge s .

2567. C r a n k e d h a n d le , o ffs e t.25 6 8 . B ow h a n d le . May be fixe d o r m a d e to s wive l .25 6 9 . B a la n c e d h a n d c r a n k .

2570. H a n d c r a n k , wi th h o le s to vary th e rad ius .

2 5 5 9 .

2 5 6 3 .

25 6 6 .


2 5 6 9 .

2 5 6 0 .

2 5 6 4 .

2 5 70 .

2 5 5 5 .

2 5 5 8 .

2 5 6 2 .

2 5 6 5 .

2 5 6 8 .

3 2 9


2571 . L o c k e d h a n d w h e e ls fo r va lve s , t o b e m o vable i n a c e rta i n o rd e ro n ly .

Se c t io n 98 .

— AP PARATUS FO R D RAWI N G C U RV ES.

( S e e a ls o

2572 . C y c lo i d o gr a p h . Th e p e n c i l i s fixe d to a s lid i n g r o d A, sl i d i n g

i n a s o c k e t o n th e p i n io n Sp i n d le B ,a n d a lso i s fo rc e d to tra ve l

a lo n g th e s lo t C ,i n a n o p e n d i s c re vo lvi n g b e twe e n fo ur ro l l e rs D .

Se c t io n 99 .

— MATER IALS EMP LOY ED I N CO NSTR U CTI O N .

(Se e a lso p .

2573 . R ibb e d p la te o r tr am p la te .

2574. Tr o ugh p la te fo r flo o r i n g b r i d ge s &c .

2575 . D i tt o d i tto2576 . C ur v e d d i tto . H o b s o n

’s p a t e n t.

2577. W r o ugh t-i r o n o r s te e l d i sh e d p i s to n fo rgi n g.

2578 . W r ough t-i r o n fla n ge d m a n h o le fo rgi n g.

2579 . Tr o ugh flo o r i n g.

2580. D i tto .

I r o n a n d S te e l Pla te s — I t i s e s s e n tia l to p o ss e s s som e k n ow le d geo f wh a t s i z e s a n d w e igh ts a r e o bta i n able a t o rd i n a ry p r i c e s , b e c ause i t i s fr oque n tly d e s i rable to ut i l i s e th e la rge s t ava i la ble , i n o rd e r to save th e c o s t

o f m ak i n g j o i n ts . Fre que n tly j o i n ts a r e m ad e by rive t i n g, n o t be c a use

th e y a r e w a n te d a t a ll , but s im p ly be c aus e th e y c o st le ss th a n s i n gle p la t e sw ould d o . I n fo rm a t io n o f th is k i n d i s o n ly t o be o bta i n e d from th e p ri c eli s ts o f th e i ro n a n d s te e l m an ufa c ture s , wh i c h a r e supp l ie d to th e t rad e .

Th e m e a n i n g o f “m axim um d im e n s i o n s

”i s th us —Tak i n g a 1 1

2

"

p la te , fo r e xam p le , th e m axim um d im e n s io n s o f wh i c h a re g ive n i n a l i st

a s 40'i n le n gth by 10

’

i n w i d th ,i t i s n o t p o s s ible t o ge t a p la te m e a suri n g

40'

by fo r th a t w o uld m ak e a u n ite d a re a o f a n d t h e li s t lim i ti s 150

'

a re a . But th e a re a c a n b e tak e n out e i th e r i n l e n g th o r i n W i d th,

W ith i n th e l im it i n g le n gth o f 40'a n d w i d th o f The m a x imum a r e a

d ivi d e d by a n y le n gth i n f e e t n o t exc e e d i n g the ma x imum , w i ll gi ve the

m a x imum wi d th f o r tha t le n gth ; a n d th e m a x imum a r e a d ivi d e d by a n yw i d th i n f e e t n o t e x c e e d i n g the m a x im um , w i ll give the m a x imum le n gth

'

f o r tha t w id th . Th us , 150’a re a d iv i d e d by th e m axim um le n gth , i .e .

40, gi ve s 3

'

9"

w i d th o f p late . O r 150'd ivi d e d by th e m aximum w i d th

,

i .e . 10, gi ve s 15

’ le n gth o f p late . A n d fo r a n y th i n g o ve r th e s e m ax im um

d im e n s i o n s sp e c ia l quo ta ti o n s h ave to be m ad e . But n o p la te c a n be ro ll e dto c o n ta i n th e gr e a te s t l e n gth a n d th e gr e a te s t w id th a t th e sam e t im e .

Aga i n , i n re fe re n c e to e xtra s ,”m a n y p o i n ts h av e to be bor n e i n m i n d .

Thus,a s re gard s shap e , a n y d ep a rture from th e re c ta n gular fo rm i s a n

e xtra,a s tap e red p la t e s , sk e tc h e s , i .e . a n y i rre gula r outli n e s , a n d al so

c irc le s . Th e e xtra,u n d e r th i s h e ad , m ay be about 258 . p e r to n . As

re ga rd s thickn e ss , p la te s u n d e r i"th i c k a r e a n e xtra , ra te d a t from 103 . to

203 . p e r te n m o re . As re gard s w id th a n d le n gth , qui te sp e c i a l te rm s a r e

m a d e , am o u n t i n g t o 5 3 . p e rh ap s o n e a c h a se ri ous i tem . An d a s

re gard s w e igh t, s te e l p la te s o ve r about 40 c wt . ar e c h arge d e xtra , a t th e

ra t e o f abo ut 5 8 . p e r 5 c w t .

To gi ve exam p le s : Th e Ste e l Co . o f Sc o tlan d ro ll ste e l p la te s fl



Th e Dal z e ll Ste e l W o rk s o f David Co lvi l l e a n d So n s , m ake a d i ffe re n c ei n th e e xtra s i n th e c a s e o f s te e l bo i l e r a n d o f sh ip p la te s . Ord i n ary p r ic e sa r e c h arge d to 84

"w i d e i n b e i le r p la te s , but to 72

"o n ly i n shi p p la te s .

Abo ve th a t th ey c h arge 5 3 . p e r t e n fo r e ve ry o r p a rt o f So i n

w e i gh t , 40 c w t . i s th e l im i t fo r b o i le r p la te s , a n d 3 0 c wt . fo r shi p p la te s ;o ve r th o s e 5 3 . p e r t o n i s c h a rge d fo r e ve ry 5 c w t . , o r p a rt o f 5 c wt .

C i rc ula r p la te s fo r bo i le r e n d s a n d c row n s a r e ro lle d by David C o lvi ll e a n d

So n s , wh o sup p ly a t o rd i n a ry p ri c e s th e fo llow i n g : th i ck , 9'10

"d ia

m e te r ; C ’

g"

,a n d f

ig

”

, 8’6

A s a sam p l e o f th e usual l im i t i n g s iz e s o f i ro n p late s , I give th e

fo l lo w i n g z— I t c o n s is ts o f a fe w s e l e c te d Sn e d sh i ll p la te s ro lle d by th e

L i lle sh a l l C om p a n y ,o n e o f th e m o s t favourably k n ow n Sh ro p sh ire h ouse s .

Th e y ro l l i ro n sh e e ts a n d bo i l e r p l a te s from T1?

”to 1

"i n th i ck n e s s

,a d van c

i n g b y th irty—s e c o n d s to Tit-

g

"

,a n d by s ixt e e n th s to 1

I t w i ll be o b s e rve d th a t th e l im i ti n g s ize s o f i ro n a r e m uc h le ss th a n

th o s e o f s te e l .

Th e Butte r l v Com p a n y ro ll bo th i ro n a n d s te e l p la te s . Th e lim iti n gw e igh ts a n d d im e n s i o n s a r e a s fo l lo ws z— Fo r i ro n bo il e r qua li ty , 8 c wt .

,

a bo ve th a t th e e xt i a p ri c e s a r e , 803 . re sp e c t ive ly , from8 c wt . to 10 c wt .

,10 c w t . t o 12 c w t .

,12 c wt . t o 14 c wt .

,a n d 14 c wt . to

1 6 c w t . re sp e c t ive ly . Fo r brid ge qua l i ty , 10 c w t . i s th e l im i t , a n d e xtra sa r e 203 . a n d from 10 c w t . to 12 c w t ., a n d f rom 12 c w t . to 1 6 c w t.

r e S p e c t .v e ly . Are a a n d fo r e ve ry 10'

o r p art abo ve th a t , 20s ; le n gthw id th 4

’

6"

o ve r th e s e vari ous e xtras,ra n gi n g from 203 . to 803 .

Se c t io n 101 .

-D RAWI N G AND RO LL I N G METALS,620 .

(Se e a lso

2581 . B e n d i n g b lo c k , fo r ba r i ro n .

Se c t io n 106 .

— DOO RS,MAN H O L ES AND COV ERS.

(S e e a lso p .

2582 . S c r e w p lug, w i th two lugs t o s c rew i t up by a p la i n ba r p lac e db e t w e e n th em .

2583 . N ew fo rm o f m a n h o l e d o o r .

2584. S c r e w fix i n g fo r a p lug, d o o r , o r va lve,qui ckly re le ase d o r

s e c ure d .

2585 . H o llo w p lug, w i th square re c e s s fo r a k ey o r sp a n n e r. Flushp lug.

2586 . S o o t d o o r .

25 87. Fun n e l p lug, fo r fill i n g o il re s e rv o irs , &c .

2 588 .

“

Wr o ugh t i r o n o r s t e e l m a n h o le d o o r,d i sh e d .

2589 . O v e n d o o r,l i f ts o ut o f th e c a tc h by le avi n g s uffic ie n t p lay i n th e

top h i n ge .

THE ENGINEER’

S SKETCH -B OOK

2 5 7 1’

2 5 8 4 .

2 5 7 2 .

2 5 8 k

2 5 8 5 .

2 5 8 0 .

2 5 73 .

2 5 74

2 5 75 .

2 5 76 .

2 5 7 9 .

2 5 8 6 .

2 5 8 9 .

3 3 3


S o o t d o o r .

D i tto i n se c tio n , o pe n e d by p ull in g o utwa rd s a n d d o wn wa rd s ;th e h o o k a t top p re ve n ts i t fa lli n g o ut.

S c r ew c a p o r c o v e r .

R e v o lv i n g d o o r .

S l i d i n g d o o r fo r furn a c e s , &c . Th e we igh t o f d o o r m ay b e

re l ie ve d by ro lle rs a t top , a s sh o w n .

25 95 . D o o r o r m a n h o le h e ld up by two w e d ge s .

S tr a p s . D tr a p s . Th e s e ar e d ivi d e d c h am b e rs , o r be n t p o rt io n so f p ip e s , d e s ign e d to a lway s c o n ta i n a w e ll o f w a te r so a s to c ut

o ff a n y c urre n ts o f a i r o r ga s e s th a t wo uld o th e rw i se p a ss a lo n gth e p ip e s .

S tr e e t m a n h o le s a n d lam p h o le s a r e roun d,re c ta n gula r, o r o va l

c o ve rs , s tro n gly m ad e to c a rry s tre e t tra ffic,a n d fit te d i n s tro n g

c a s t-iro n fram e s , so a s to b e e a s i ly re m o vab le , a n d y e t pra c ti c a llya ir—t igh t . Th os e fitte d o ve r s e we r m a n h o le s a r e fr e que n tlyp ro vid e d w i th c h a rc o a l filte rs to a rre s t foul gase s .

Se c t io n 107.

— FE ED G EAR .

I n k fe e d,fo r p r in t i n g m ac h i n e s .

T i c k e t fe e d i n g ge a r .

F e e d w o rm,w i th a i r bla st .

H a n d o r p ow e r fe e d ge a r , fo r a d r i ll,b o ri n g m a c h i n e , &c .

F e e d m o ti o n fo r s h a p e r s , & c .

,re ve rs ibl e .

Di tto d i tto r e v e r s i b le .

F r i c ti o n p aw l fe e d m o ti o n,s ile n t. Se e a lso Se c tio n 62.

Se c t io n 108 .

—F I LTE R I N G .

Th r ough p o r o us p o ts .

D i tto p o r o us s o li d s,suc h a s c h a rc o a l.

D i tto p um i c e s to n e,c h a lk , &c .

D i tto p o r o us fa b r i c s , fla n n e l , p ap e r,D i tto sp o n ge , sp o n gy p la t i n um .

D i tto s a n d, grave l , c a lc i n e d o re s , &c .

D i tto W i r e gauge s , h a i r gauge , &c .

R e v e r s ib le filte r s,suc h a s th e “ Th am e s , &c . , a r e m ad e s e lf

c l e a n s i n g by r e ve rs i n g th e flow fo r a sh o rt tim e th ro ugh a wa s te

p ip e , th us wa sh i n g out th e d e p o s i t.

2 6 03 . F i lte r i n g c o n e,fo rm e d o f w ire c l o th i n s id e a p ip e .


J U N E,1 9 0 1

A S H O R T L I S T

O F TH E

PUBLI CATI ONS

E . F . N . S PO N L t d

125 , STRAND, LO NDO N , w .c .

Ful l p a r t i c ula rs p o s t fr e e o n ap p l i c a t i o n .

A l l b o o k s a r e b o u n d i n c lo th u n l e s s o th e rw i s e s t a t e d .

AGR I CULTUR E .

Br o o ks , C . P. C o t to n i ts us e s , v a r i e t i e s , Fib r e

S t ruc tu r e , Cult iv a t io n a n d Pr e p a r a t i o n fo r th e

Ma rk e t , a n d a s a n A r t i c le o f C o m m e r c e , 8v o n e t

LO C k , C . G . W . C o ffe e i t s Cultur e a n d

Co m m e r c e i n a l l C o u n t r i e s . C r ow n 8v o 1 2 6

To b a c c o G r ow i n g , Cur i n g a n d Ma n u

fa c tur i n g . C r ow n 8v o

Lo c k , C . G .W . , N e w la n d s Br o s . Suga r : aH a n d b o o k fo r Pla n t e r s a n d R e fin e r s , 8v o I 1 0 o

S im m o n d s , P. L.H o p s : th e i r Cult iv a t io n ,

Co m m e r c e a n d Us e s . C r ow n 8v o

T r o p i c a l Ag r i c ultu r e . N e w e d it io n , 8v o I I o

2 E . a F . N . SPON,L TD .

AR C H I TE C TUR E AND B U I L D I NG .

I s o p , R . O . Th e H y d r o p a th i c E s t ab l i sh m e n t

a n d i ts B a th s . D e m y 8v o

Th e Tu rk i sh B a th , i ts D e s ig n a n d C o n

s t ruc t io n . D e m y 8v o

Pub li c B a th s a n d W a s h H o u s e s . D e m y8v o

Ba le s , T , Th e Bu i ld e r’

s C le rk . S e c o n d e d i t i o n .

fc ap . 8v o

Bu r n s ,G . d . G lo s s a ry o f Te c h n i c a l T e rm s us e d

i n A r c h i t e c tu r e a n d th e Bu i ld i n g T r a d e s .

C r ow n 8v o

C h r is t i e , W . W , Ch im n e y D e s ig n a n d Th e o ry .

C r ow n 8v o n e t 1 2 6

C o le m a n , T . E. S t ab le S a n i ta t io n a n d C o n

s t ruc t i o n . C r ow n 8v o

A r c h i t e c t’

s Pr i c e Bo o k . 3 2m o,

r o a n ,

g ilt e d g e s

Fu lle rt o n , W ,A r c h i t e c tur a l Ex am p l e s i n

B r i c k , S to n e W o o d a n d I r o n . S e c o n d

e d i t io n ,d e m y 4t o 1 5 o

Ho s k i n s , G . G .Th e C le rk o f W o rk s

’

V a d e

Me c um . S e v e n th e d i t i o n ,fc ap . 8v o

Hu r s t , J . T . A H a n d b o o k o f Fo rm ulae,T ab le s

a n d M e m o r a n d a fo r A r c h i t e c tur a l Sur v e y o r s ,

a n d o th e r s e n gag e d i n Bu i ld i n g . F i ft e e n th

e d i t io n , r o y a l 3 2m o ,r o a n

Laxt o n .Bu i ld e r s ’ a n d C o n t r a c to r s

’Tab le s .

Ex c av a t o r , E a r th , La n d , W a t e r a n d G a s . 4to

Le a n i n g , d .A c o m p le t e s e t o f C o n tr a c t

Do c um e n t s fo r a C o u n t ry Lo d g e , Pr i n t e d i n

fa c s im i le o f th e o rgi n a l . fc ap . , i n c a s e

Q ua n t i ty Sur v e y i n g . Fo ur th e d i t i o n , 8v o

Ma c e y , F . W . Sp e c ific a t i o n s i n D e ta il . M e d ium

8v o I I o


4 E . a F . N . SPON,LTD .

Fit zm a u r ic e , M. Pla t e G i r d e r R a ilw a y B r i d g e s .

8v o

G e o rg e , E. M.Po c k e t B o o k O f C a lc ula t i o n s i n

S t r e s s e s . R o y a l 3 2m o,h a lf r o a n

G r o v e r , J . W . E s t im a t e s a n d D iag r am s o f

R a i lw ay B r i d g e s fo r Tu r n p ik e ,Pub li c a n d

O c c up a t i o n R o a d s , w i th Fo rm fo r C a lc ula t i n gQ ua n t i t i e s i n Sk ew S t ruc tur e s , e t c . S e c o n d

e d i t io n ,fo lio I I I 6

I r o n a n d Tim b e r R a i lw ay Sup e r s t ruc

tur e s a n d G e n e r a l W o rk s . Fo l io 2 2 O

H e a f o r d , A . S . S t r a i n s o n B r a c e d I r o n A r c h e s

a n d A r c h e d I r o n B r i d g e s . 8v o

J o h n s o n , F . R . S t r e s s e s i n G i r d e r a n d R o o f

Fr am e s fo r b o th d e a d a n d liv e lo a d s by s im p leMult ip li c a t i o n ,

e tc . C r ow n 8v o

N e w m a n , J . N o t e s o n C y l i n d e r B r i d g e Pi e r s

a n d th e W e ll Sy s t e m o f Fo u n d a t i o n s , 8v o

O la n d e r , E. A N ew M e th o d O f G r ap h i c S ta t i c sap p li e d i n th e C o n s t ru c t i o n o f W r o ugh t I r o n

G i r d e r s . Sm a ll fo l io I O 6

R it t e r , A . E lem e n ta ry Th e o ry a n d C a lc ula t i o nO f I r o n B r i d g e s a n d R o o fs . T r a n sla t e d fr o mth e Th i r d G e rm a n E d i t i o n by H . R . SANKEY .

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W a lm is le y , A . T . Ex am p le s O f I r o n R o o fs .

Sm a ll fo l io , h a lf Mo r o c c o . T/zz'

m’

E dztz’

o n

p r ep a r az‘

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CH EM I STRY, s e e I NDU STR I AL C H EM I STRY.

C I V I L ENG I NEE R I NG .

I RRI GAT I ON , SURV EYI NG , W ATERW O RKS .

Alle n , J . R .Th e o r y a n d Pr a c t i c e i n th e D e s ig n

a n d Co n s t ru c t i o n o f Do c k W a lls . C r ow n 4to

SC I ENTI FI C BOOKS .

B lig h , W . G .N o t e s o n I n s t rum e n t s b e s t sui t e d

fo r E n g i n e e r i n g Fi e ld W o rk i n I n d ia a n d th e

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Buc k le y ,R . B . I r r iga t io n V

VO I

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o n a sh e e t m o u n t e d o n l i n e n a n d b o u n d i n

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m is e d R o a d s . S e c o n d Ed it io n , 8v o

C o r d e i r o ,F . J . B . Th e B a r o m e t r i c a l D e t e r

m i n a t i o n o f H e i gh ts . C r ow n 8V O ,lim p le a th e r

C o v e n t ry ,W . B . O n Curv e d Ma so n ry D am s .

8v o s ew e d

A Pr a c t i c a l Me th o d o f D e t e rm i n i n gth e Pr o file o f a Ma s o n ry D am . 8v o ,

Th e S t r e s s e s o n Ma s o n ry Dam s (Ob liques e c t i o n s ) , 8V O , s e w e d

C u n n i n g h am , D. Tab le s fo r fa c ili ta t i n g th e

C a lc ula t io n o f Ea r th w o rk s i n th e c o n s t ru c t i o n

o f R a i lw ay s , R o a d s , C a n a ls , D am s,e t c . R o y a l

8V O

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o ut Curv e s fr o m 1 0 1 t o 50 0 0 fe e t r a d ius . R o y a l3 2m o

De S a lis , H . R . A Ch r o n o lo gy o f I n la n dN av iga t i o n i n G r e a t B r i ta i n . C row n 8v o

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J e a n s , J . S . W a t e rw a y s a n d W a t e r T r a n sp o r t

i n d i ffe r e n t C o u n t r i e s . 8V O

Ma t h e s o n , E Aid B o o k t o E n g i n e e r i n g E n t e r

p r i s e . Th i r d e d i t io n , m e d ium SV O , buc k ram

3 3

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6 L . F . N . SPON,LTD .

Ma t h e s o n G r a n t s’H a n d b o o k fo r E n g i n e e r s .

S e c o n d e d i t i o n , r o y a l 3 2m o , s ew e d , g i lt e d g e s

Me r r e t t , H . 8 . Pr a c t i c a lTr e a t i s e o n th e S c i e n c eO f

o

La n d a n d E n g i n e e r i n g Sur v e y i n g . Fi fth

e d i t io n , r e v i s e d b y G . W . US I LL . R o y a l 8v o

Mid d le t o n , R . E & C h a d w ic k , 0 . A Tr e a t i s e

o n Sur v e y i n g . Tw o v o ls . , r o y a l 8v o , ea ch

Mo le sw o r t h , S i r G . L H . B .A Po c k e t

B o o k O f U s e ful Fo rm ulae a n d Me m o r a n d a fo r

C iv i l a n d M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r s . Tw e n tyfo ur th e d i t io n , 3 2m o

, r o a n , g ilt e d ge s

Mo le sw o rt h Hu r s t . Th e Po c k e t Bo o k s o f

S I R G . L . MO LESW O RTH & J. T . H URST , p r i n t e d

On I n d i a p ap e r a n d b o u n d i n o n e V o l . R o y a l3 2m o , Rus s i a , g i lt e d g e s

N e w m a n , d ,M e t a lli c S t ru c tur e s C o r r o s io n

a n d Fo uli n g a n d th e i r Pr e v e n t i o n . C r ow n 8v o

Ea r thw o rk S lip s a n d Sub s i d e n c e s o n

Pub li c W o rk s . C r ow n

S c am p i n g T r i c k s a n d O d d Kn ow le d g eo c c a s io n a lly p r a c t i s e d up o n Pub li cW o rk s . C r ow n 8v o

Pe n m a n , W . La n d Su rv e y i n g o n th e Me r id i a n

a n d Pe rp e n d i c ula r Sy s te m . 8v o

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C a lc ula t i o n o f Ea r th w o rk Q ua n t i t i e s . Te n

c a rd s , fc ap . , i n c lo th c a s e n ot

S p o n s’D i c t io n a ry O f E n g i n e e r i n g , C iv i l , Me

c h a n i c a l , Mi li t a ry N av a l . E igh t d iv is i o n s ,sup e r

-r o y a l 8v o

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D i t to d it to h a lf Mo r .,t o p e d ge g ilt

S t a n le y , W . F . Surv e y i n g a n d Le v e lli n gI n s t rum e n t s , th e o r e t i c a lly a n d p r a c t i c a llyd e s c r ib e d . Th i r d e d i t i o n ,

c r ow n 8V O

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8 E . F. N . SPON ,LTD .

E LE CTR I CAL ENG I NE ER I NG .

Al ls o p , F . C . E le c t r i c B e ll Co n s t ruc t io n . S e c o n d

e d i t i o n , c r ow n 8v o

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e d i t i o n,c r ow n 8v o

Pr a c t i c a l E le c t r i c B e ll Fi t t i n g . N i n th

e d i t io n . C r ow n 8v o

T e le p h o n e s : th e i r C o n s truc t io n a n d

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E le c t r i c Ligh t a n d Pow e r . N ew e d i t io n ,

c r ow n 8v o , lim p le a th e r n ot

Fa h ie , d . J ,A H i s to ry o f Ele c t r i c Te le g r ap h y to

th e y e a r 1 83 7. C r o w n 8v o

F le m i n g , J . A.Mag n e t s a n d Ele c t r i c Cur r e n ts .

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Ha l lid ay , Ge o .N o t e s o n d e s ig n o f Sm a ll

Dy n am o . S e c o n d e d i t i o n , 8v o

Ha s k i n s , C , D.T r a n s fo rm e r s ; th e i r Th e o ry ,

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H e a p h y ,M.

Th e Ph oe n i x Fi r e O ffic e Ru le s fo rE le c t r i c Ligh t I n s ta lla t i o n a n d Ele c t r i c a lPow e r I n s ta lla t io n . Tw e n ty

-s ix th e d 1t 1o n ,

8v o , s ew e d

He d g e s , K.Am e r i c a n Ele c tr i c S t r e e t R a i lw ay s

th e i r C o n st ruc t i o n a n d Equ i pm e n t . Po s t 4to

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SCI ENTIFI C BOOKS .

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s Ele c t r i c a lW o rk e r

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s H a n d y-b o o k . I 2m o n ot

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& S tud e n ts’

h a r t a n d H a n d b o o k O f th e B rush A r c Ligh t

Sy s t e m . 8v o

R e e d ’

s E le c t r i c Ligh t i n g fo r S t e am e r s a n d i ts

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Th o m p s o n , S . P.Dy n am o Ele c t r i c Ma c h i n e ry .

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D e m y 8v o

Th e E le c t r o -Mag n e t a n d E le c t r o Ma gn e t i c M e c h a n ism . Th i r d E d i tio n i n the

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PH I L I PP RE I S ,I n v e n to r o f th e T e le

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th e i r W o rk . C r ow n 8v o n e t

O ld C lo c k s W a t c h e s th e i r Mak e r s .

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H YDR AUL I C S .

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Bjo r li n g , P. R .Pum p s : H i s t o r i c a lly , Th e o r

e t i c a l ly a n d Pr a c t i c a lly C o n s i d e r e d . S e c o n d

e d i t io n ,c r o w n 8v o

I O


12 E . F . N . SPON , LTD .

H ic k , J . Ex p e r im e n t s o n th e Fr i c t io n o f th e

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s e w e d .

H ig h a m , T ,H y d r auli c Tab le s fo r Fi n d i n g th e

M e a n V e lo c i ty a n d D i s c h a rg e i n O p e n

Ch a n n e ls . S e c o n d e d i t i o n , sup e r-r o y a l , 8V O

S i lk , A . E.Tab le s fo r Calc ula t i n g th e D i s c h a rg e

o fW a t e r i n Pip e s fo r W a t e r Po w e r Sup p li e s .

I n d e x e d a t s id e fo r r e a d y r e fe r e n c e . C r ow n

8v o

S t o n e , T . W . S im p le H y d r auli c Fo rm ulae .

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I NDUSTR I AL C H EM I STRY AND

MANUFACTUR E S .

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Tabu la t i o n . 64m o ,r o a n , g i lt e d ge s

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Ch e m i c a l Ma n ufa c tu r e r s,Me t a llu rg is t s , Dy e r s ,

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r o a n , g i lt e d g e s

A Po c k e t B o o k fo r Ph a rm a c i s t s , Me d i c a lPr a c t i t i o n e r s , S tud e n ts . e t c . R o y a l3 2 111 0 ,


B r o o ks , C . P . C o t to n Ma n ufa c tur i n g . C r o w n

8v 0 ,c lo th n e t

Br o o ks , C . P.W e av i n g C a lc ula t io n s . C r o w n

8v o ,c lo th

Bur n s , W ,I llum i n a t i n g a n d H e a t i n g G a s . A

Ma n ua l O f Ma n ufa c tur e o f Ga s fr om Ta r , O i l

e t c .,e t c . C r o w n 8v o

C a r p e n t e r , W . L. , Le a s k , H .A T r e a t i s e

o n th e Ma n ufa c tu r e o f So ap a n d C a n d le s ,Lub r i c a n ts a n d G ly c e r i n e . S e c o n d e d i t i o n ,

c r ow n 8v o

C r o s s , C . F. , Be v a n , E. J .A T e x t B o o k O f

Pap e r Mak i n g . S e c o n d e d 1t 1o n , c r ow n 8v o

1 2

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SCI ENTI FI C BOOKS .

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8v o n e t

Dub e lle , G . H .Th e “

11 0 11 p lus ult r a S o d aFo u n ta i n R e quis i t e s o f Mo d e r n T im e s . A

Pr a c t i c a l R e c e ip t B o o k fo r D rugg i s t s ,

Ch em i s t s , e t c . C r ow n 8v o n e t

Fo s t e r , J T r e a t i s e o n th e Ev ap o r a t i o n o f

S a c c h a rm e , C h e m i c a l o th e r Li qu id s by th eMult ip le Sy s t e m i n V a c uum a n d Op e n Ai r .

S e c o n d e d i t io n , 8v o

G r a h am , D. A. A T r e a t i s e o n th e C o m p a r a t iv e

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8v o

G r a h a m , M.Pr a c t i c a l H i n t s o n th e W o rk i n g

a n d C o n s t ru c t io n o f R e g e n e r a to r Fu r n a c e s .

fc ap . 8v o . , le a th e r

Ha n s e n , E. C .Pr a c t i c a l S tud i e s i n Fe rm e n

t a t io n , t r a n s la t e d fr o m th e G e rm a n b y A . K.

M I LLER . Ph . D . 8v o

Ha n s s e n , C . d . T .R e fo rm i n Ch e m i c a l a n d

Ph y s i c a l C a lc ula t io n s . D e m y 4to n e t

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s Lab o r a to ryH a n d b o o k . C r ow n 8v o

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I 8m o

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, s qua r eI 6m o

I 2

11 E . a F . N . SPON,L TD .

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4t o

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D e m v 8v o

S p o n s’

E n c y c lo p ae d i a o f th e I n d us t r ia l A r ts ,

Ma n ufa c tu r e s a n d C o m m e r c ia l Pr o d uc ts .

Sup e r-r o y a l 8v o

I n 2 V o ls , c lo th

5 D iv i s i o n s , c lo th

2 V o ls . h a lf Mo ro c c o , to p e d g e gi lt

S t a n d ag e , H . C . Th e Pr a c t i c a l Po l i sh a n d

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E n gli sh a n d F r e n c h M e th o d s o f A s c e r ta i n i n gth e I llum i n a t i n g Po w e r o f C o a l G a s . C r ow n

8v o

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t i t a t iv e E s t im a t i o n o f th e Suga r s . C r o w n 8v o

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fa c tu r e r s , Me c h a n i c s a n d S c 1e n t ific Am a t e ur s .

C r ow n 8v o , 5 V o ls e a c h

Fi r s t S e r i e s . c w

S e c o n d S e r i e s

Th i r d

Fo u r th

F i fth

I 2

0

M i s c e lla n e o us .

. Ch e m i c a l Ma n ufa c tu r e s .

E le c t r i c a l Me ta llurg i c a l

H a n d i c r a fts a n d M e c h

a n i c a l Subje c t s .

Mi s c e lla n e o us .



R e e d ,Th e k e y t o th e S e v e n t e e n th e d it i o n o f

R EED’

S E n g i n e e r s’

H a n d b o o k ,8v o n ez

Ex am i n a t i o n Pap e r s fo r Ex t r a Fi r s t

C la s s E n g i n e e r s . Th i r d e d i t i o n ,8v o n ez

‘

Po ly glo t Gu i d e t o th e Ma r i n e E n g i n e

i n E n g li sh , Fr e n c h , G e rm a n a n d N o r sk .

O b lo n g 8v o n ez‘

Ma r i n e B o i le r s . S e c o n d e d i t i o n , c r ow n

8V O 7251

U s e ful H i n t s to s e a -

go i n g E n g i n e e r s .

Th i r d e d i t i o n , c r o w n 8v o n ez

D r aw i n g o f th e T r ip le Ex p a n s i o n

E n g i n e a n d th e Pip e A r r a n ge m e n t s .

O n 2 sh e e t s i n c a s e n e l

D r aw i n g o f a C om p o u n d E n g i n e i n

c a s e n et

MATER I AL S .

Bo x , T ,Pr a c ti c a l T r e a t i s e o n th e S t r e n g th o f

Ma t e r i a ls . Th i r d e d i t i o n , c r o w n 8v o

B r it t o n , T A ,Tr e a t i s e o n th e O r ig i n ,

Pr o g r e s s ,Pr e v e n t 1o n a n d Cur e O f D ry R o t i n T im b e r .

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T e s t i n g a n d U s e . 8v o

C a lc a r e ,C e m e n t U s e r s

’

a n d Buy e r s’

Gu i d e .

3 2m o ,le a th e r n et

De la n o ,W . H .

Tw e n ty y e a r s’

p r a c t i c a l e x

p e r i e n c e o f N a tu r a l Asp h a lt a n d M i n e r a lB i tum e n . C r o w n 8v o , p a r c h m e n t

G r a n t , J . Ex p e r im e n t s o n th e S tre n g th o f

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us e i t . 8v o

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C o n c r e te . S e c o n d e d i t io n , c r ow n 8v o

I 4

1 0

1 8

1 8

I O

0

SCIENTI FI C BOOKS .l 7

Pa t e r s o n , M. M. Th e Te s t i n g o f Pip e s a n d

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A Pr a c t i c a l T r e a t is e 0 11 Mi n e r a l O i ls a n dth e i r By -Pr o d uc ts . D e m y 8v o 1 5 O

S t o f’fle r , E. S ili c o -C a lc a r e o us S a n d s to n e s . 8v o ,

s ew e d n e i

MATH EMAT I C S .

B la i n e , R . G . Q ui c k a n d Ea sy Me th o d s o f

C a lc ula t i n g . I 6m o ,le a th e r

By r n e , 0 , G e n e r a l Me th o d o f S o lv i n g Equa t i o n so f a ll D e g r e e s . 8v o , s e w e d

G r a h am ,J . E lem e n ta ry T r e a t i s e o n th e

C a lc ulus fo r E n g i n e e r i n g S tud e n t s . S e c o n d

e d i t i o n , c r ow n 8v o

H igg s , P. A lg e b r a , S e lf-Taugh t . Th i r d e d itio n ,

c r o w n 8v o

O rm s by , M. T . E le m e n ta ry Pr a c t i c a l Ma th e

m a t i e s . D e m y 8v o n e l

S lo a n e , T . O’

c . Th e A r i th m e t i c o f E le c t r i c i ty .

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ME C H AN I C AL ENG I NE ER I NG .

STEAM ENG I NES , STEAM BO I LER s , GAS ENG I NES , ETC .

Ad am s , Hy ,H a n d b o o k fo r Me c h a n i c a l E n g i

n e e r s . Fo ur th e d i t io n ,c r o w n 8v o

Ap p le bys’H a n d bo o k s o f Ma c h i n e ry . I n s i x

s e c t io n s , 8v o , e a c h 3 6

Se c t io n l .— Pr im e Mo v e r s

,Ste am

,Ga s a n d Air E n g i n e s , Bo ile r s , Tur

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Ele c tr i c a l a n d H a n d Pum p s .

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Th e p o r t io n o f. Se c t io n 6,d e a l i n g w i th Mi n i n g Ma c h i n e ry , i s t o b e h a d

s e p a r a t e ly , p r i c e 2s . 6 d .

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Sk e t c h B o o k o f

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8y o

Bo x , T ,Pr a c t i c a l T r e a t i s e o n M ill G e a r i n g .

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C am p i n , F . Th e Pr a c t i c e o f H a n d Tur n i n g .

Th i r d e d i t i o n , c r ow n 8v o

C o ly e r , F .Th e W o rk i n g a n d Ma n a g e m e n t o f

S t e am B o i le r s a n d E n g i n e s . S e c o n d e d i t i o n,

c r ow n 8v o

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B o i le r s . 4t o

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fo r th e T r a n sm i s s i o n o f Pow e r . Fo u r th

e d i t i o n ,d e m y 8v o

C o t t e r i l l , J . H .

i

Th e S t e am E n g i n e c o n s id e r e d

a s a Th e rm o d y n am i c Ma c h i n e . Th i r d e d i t i o n

8v o

Da h ls t r o m , K , P,Th e Fi r e m a n

’

s Gu id e , a

H a n d b o o k o n th e C a r e o f B o i l e r s . E igh th

e d i t i o n ,fc ap . 8v o

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Flu id Pr e s su r e , A i r a n d W a t e r . 8V O

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’

a n d I r o n Sh i p

bui ld e r s ’ C o m p a n io n . Fo ur th e d i t i o n , fc a p . 8v o

I O

10

I 2

1 5

1 5

O

O



R igg , A ,Pr a c t i c a l Tr e a t i s e o n th e S t e am E n g i n e .

S e c o n d e d i t i o n , d e m y 4t o I 5 O

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SC I ENTIFI C BOOKS .21

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s

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e d i t io n , 8v o

—A i d B o o k t o E n g i n e e r i n g E n t e rp r i s e .

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Pa r ry ,W . Kay e . O ffic e M a n ag e m e n t . A h a n d

b o o k fo r A r c h i t e c t s a n d C iv i l E n g i n e e r s . n e t

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R o y a l 8v o

R A I LW AY ENG I NE ER I NG .

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1 2m o , le a th e r , g i lt e d g e s n e t

Alle n ,G . T .

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1 6m o

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B r ak e s . 8v o

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a n d Po i n ts a n d C r o s s i n gs .

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24 E . F. N . SPON,LTD .

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Curv e s . 1 8m o

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8v o , s ew e d

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S t r e e t s . C r ow n 8v o , s ew e d

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s

H a n d b o o k . Th i r d e d i t io n , d e m y

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8v o

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au c e s fo r H e a lth y R e s i d e n c e s . C r ow n

8v o

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2 v o ls ., 4to c lo th n et

Pa r s o n s , Ho n . R . C . La s O b r a s d e S a lub r id a dd e la C iud a d d e Bue n o s Ai r e s . 8v o n et

Ro b i n s o n , H . S ew e r ag e a n d S ew ag e D isp o s a l .S e c o n d e d i t i o n ,

d e m y 8v o

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e d itio n ,c r

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ow n 8v o

I S

1 2

O

SCI ENTI FI C BOOKS .

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Dy e ,F .

H o t W a te r S te am C o o k i n g Ap p a r a tus .

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H o t W a t e r Sup p ly . Fo ur th e d i t io n ,

c r o w n 8v o

A Pr a c t i c a l T r e a t i s e up o n S te am H e a t i n gD e m y 8v o n e t

Eld r id g e , J .Th e E n g i n e e r

’

s Pr a c t i c a l Gu i d efo r F ix i n g H o t W a t e r Ap p a r a tus . S e c o n d

e d i t io n,c r o w n 8v o , s ew e d

Ho o d , C . Pr a c t i c a l T r e a t i s e up o n W a rm i n gBui ld i n g s by H o t W a t e r . Th i r d e d i t i o n ,

r e v i s e d by F . D Y E . D em y 8v o

Ki n e a ly , J . H . Ch a r t s fo r Low Pr e s sur e S te amH e a t i n g . Sm a ll fo l io

Fo rm ulae a n d Tab le s fo r H e a t i n g . 8v o

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e d i t i o n ,1 8m o , b o a r d s

W ATE R S UPPLY.

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C r ow n 8v o

C o ly e r , F . T r e a t is e o n W a t e r Sup p ly , D r a i n a g e

Sa n i ta ry Ap p lia n c e s o f R e s i d e n c e s . C r ow n

8v o .

H i ll , J .W . Pur ific a t io n o f Pub l i c W a t e r Sup p li e s .

8v o

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8V 0 , s ew e d n e t

I O

I S

I O

25

O

26 E . F . N . SPON,LTD .

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S t o n e , F . W .N o te s o n W a t e r Sup p ly . C r o w n

8v o

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E n g i n e e r i n g .

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N a tur a l N um b e r s fr o m 1 to S t e r e o

ty p e e d i t i o n . 8v o

Ba r lo w’

s Tab le s o f S qua r e s , Cub e s , Squa r eR o o t s , Cub e R o o t s R e c ip r o c a ls . C r o w n 8v o

Br o o k , J . Fr e n c h M e a su r e s E n gli sh Equ iva l e n t s . Fc ap . 3 2m o ,

r o a n

C la r k , L.A D i c t i o n a ry o f Me t r i c a n d o th e r

us e ful m e a sur e s . 8v o

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O n la rg e fo ld i n g c a r d

Ke e r a y e fi’

, P,Tab le s o f s o m e o f th e Pr i n c ip a l

Sp e e d s o c c u r r i n g i n Me c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g ,

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La N io c a , J Tur n e r’

s a n d F i t t e r ’s Po c k e t Bo o k .

1 8m o , s ew e d

Li n d s ay , Lo r d . T ab le s fo r‘

E n g i n e e r s a n d

Me c h a n i c s , g iv i n g th e v a lu e s o f th e d i ffe r e n t

t r a i n s o f w h e e ls r e qu i r e d t o p r o d u c e S c r ew s

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Ma rt i n , W . A. S c r e w -c ut t i n g Tab le s . S e v e n th

e d i t io n , r o y a l 8v o , o b lo n g

O


28 E . F . N . SPON ,LTD .

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e d it io n ,8v o

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s t ru c t i t . C r o w n 8v o

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m e n ta ry , Pr a c t i c a l a n d Ex p e r im e n ta l Ph y s i c s .

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th e C o n s t ruc t io n o f O rd n a n c e . 8v o

Th e Pr o g r e s s o f A r t ille ry : N av a l Gun s .

8v o , s e w e d

Th e Fi e ld Gun o f th e Futur e . 8v o ,

s ew e d

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o f C a r r iage s . 8v o

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’s H a n d y

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S p o n s’E n g i n e e r

’

s D ia ry a n d Ye a r Bo o k , i s sue dA n n ua lly . 4to

Me cha n i c ’s Ow n Bo o k : A Ma n ua l fo rH a n d i c r a ftsm e n a n d Am a te ur s . Fi fth

e d i t io n , d e m y 8v o .

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s t ruc t io n a n d C o s t . 8v o

1 6

1 8

15

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SCI ENTI FI C BOOKS . 29

A SUPPLEMENT

SPUNS’

DICTIONARY OFENGINEERING,

CIVI IA, MECHANICHII , MI IIITHRY ,HND NHVHII .

ED ITED B Y ERNEST SPON ,

Asso c . MEM . I NST . c .E . ,MEM . so c . ENGI NE ERS , o r THE FRANKL I N I NSTI TUTE

,AND

o r TH E GEOLOGI STS’ ASSOCI ATI ON .

I n 18 Pa rt s , p r ic e 2 3 . e a c h , p o s t f r e e 2 3 . 2 d .

Bo u n d i n c lo t h , 3 Div is io n s , 13 3 . 6 d . e a c h .

O r , i n O n e V o l . , c lo t h , £2 ; h a lf -m o r o c c o , £2 8 3 .

COMPLETE LI ST O F ALL TH E SUBJECTS .

Pa rt PartAba cu s 1 Coke O ve n s 7 Ma c h in e To o ls

Agr i cul tur a l I m p le Co pp e r 7 Ma te r i a ls o f Co n

m e n ts 1 D o c k 7,8 stru c t io n

,St I e n g th

Ai r Com p re s sors l , 2 D r a in age 8 o f

A n im a l Ch arc o a l Ma D r e d gi n g 8 Mercury 15

c h i n e ry 2 Dyn am o -E le c tr i c a n d Me te r s 15

A n tim o n y 2 Magn e to E le c t r i c O r e s 15

Ax le s Axl e -box e s 2 Ma c h i n e s 8 Pie r s 15

B a r n Ma c h i n e r y 2 Dyn am om e te r 8,9 Pil e D r i v i n g 15

B e lts a n d B e lt i n g 2 E le c tr i c a l E n gi n e e r Pn e um a t i c Tr a n smi s

B la st in g 3 i n g 9,10 s io n 15

B o ilers 3 E n g i n e s , Va r i e t ie s o f 10 Pum p 15

B r ak e 3 E x p lo s i v e s 10 Pyl om e te r 15

Br i ck m ak i n g Ma Fa n s 10 R o a d L o c om o t i v e 15 16

c h i n e . 3,4 Fo un d i n g 1 0

,1 1 R o ck D I ill 16

B r i d g e s 4,5 Ga s

,Ma n ufa c tur e o f 1 1 R o ll i n g Sto ck 16

,17

Cage s 5 H amm e r s 1 1 Sa n ita ry E n gi n e e r

Ca lculus 5 H e a t i n g 17,18

Ca n a ls 5 H o r se Pow e r 12 Sh a fts a n d Sh a ft F i t

Carp e n try 5 H yd r aul i c s 12

Ca st I r o n 5,6 H y d r o

-ge o logy 12 St e e l

Cem e n t,Co n c r e te I n d i c a tor 12 13 Sto n e W 0 1k i n gMa

.

L im e s Mo r ta r 6 I r o n 13 c h i n e ryCh im n e y Sh a fts 6 L ifts , H o i st s an d E le Tr am w ay s

Co a l Cle a n si n g a n d v a to r s W e ll Si n k i n g a n d

W as h i n g 6 L i gh t s , Buoys a n d B o r i n gCo a l Mi n i n g 6

,7 Be a c o n s 1 3

, 14

3 0 E . a F . N . SPON,LTD .

SPONS’ENCYCLOPEDI A

OF TH E

I n dus tr ia l Ar ts, Ma n ufa ctur es a n d Comm e r c ial Products .

ED I TED BY C . G . WARN FORD LO CK, F .L .S & c .

I n sup er- r oy a l 8710 , c o n ta i n i n g 2 1 0 0 p ag es , a n d I llustr a ted by n ea r ly

1 5 0 0 E n g r a ozn g s .

C a n b e h a d i n t h e f o l lo vizi n g b i n d i n g s

I n 2 V o ls . , c lo th

I n 5 Div is io n s , c lo t h

I n 2 V o ls . , h a lf -m o r o c c o , t o p e d g e g i lt , b o u n d

i n a s up e r io r m a n n e r . . 4 10 O

I n 3 3 Pa rt s , S e w e d , a t 2 5 . e a c h .

A n y Pa r t c a n be h a d s ep a r a te , p i‘ ie e p os tage 2d .

COMPLETE LI ST O F ALL TH E S UBJECTSPART PART PART

A c i d s 1,2,3 Dy e stuffs 14 N a r c o t i c s 22

A lc oh o l E le c t r o Me ta llu r gy 14 O i ls a n d Fa tty SubAlk a l i e s . 4

,5 E x p lo siv e s 14 15 sta n c e s 22

,23 24

All oy s 5,6 Fe a th e r s 15 Pap e r 24

A r se n i c . F ib r ou s Sub sta n c e s 24

A sp h a lte 15 16 Pe a r l a n d Co ral 24

A e r a te d W a te r s Flo o r -c lo th 16 Pe r fum e s

B e e r a n d W i n e 6,7 Fo o d Pr e se r v a t i o n 16 Ph o to gr ap h y 24

,25

B e v e r a g e s 7,8 Fru i t 1 6 , 17 Pigm e n ts a n d Pa in t 25

B le a c h i n g Pow de r Fur 17 Po tt e ry 25, 26

B le a c h i n g 8,9 Ga s , Co a l 17 Pr i n t i n g a n d E n gr a v

B o r a x Gem s 17 i n g 26, 27

B ru sh e s . G la ss I 1 R e si n ous a n d Gum m yBu t to n s Gr ap h i te 18 Sub sta n c e s .

Cam p h o r 9,10 H a i r Ma n ufa c tur e 18 R o p e 27

Ca n dl e s H a ts 18 Sa lt 27,28

Ca rb o n I c e,Ar t ific ia l 18 Silk 28

C e llul o id I n di a r ubb e r Ma n u Sk i n s 28

Clay s fa c tu r e s 18 19 So ap , R a i lw a y Gr e a seCa rbo li c A c id I n k a n d Gly c e r i n e 28

, 29

Co a l -ta r Pr o d u c t s 1 1 Ju t e Ma n ufa c tur e s 19 Sp i c e s 29

Co c o a 1 1 Kn i tte d Fab r ic s Sta r c h 29

Co ff e e H o si e ry 19 Suga r 29,3 0

, 3 1

Co rk L a c e 19 Ta n n i n

Co tto n Ma n ufa c L e a th e r 19,20 Te a 3 2

tur e s 12,1 3 L i n e n Ma n ufa c tu r e s 20 Tim b e r 3 2

D rugs Ma n ur e s 20 Va r n ish 3 2

Dy e in g a n d Ca li c o Ma t c h e s 20,2 1 W o o l a n d W o o lle n

Pri n t i n g 13,14 Mo r d a n ts Ma n ufa c tur e s 3 2

,3 3


E . F . N . SPON ,Lm .

Th e Jo u r n a l o f t h e I r o n a n d S t e e l I n s t i tu t e .

Ed it e d by BENNETT H . BROUGH , Sec r e ta ry .

Pub li sh e d H a lf-y e a r ly ,8v o , c lo th , 1 6 s .

Th e Jo u r n a l o f t h e I n s t i tu t i o n o f E l e c t r i c a lE n g i n e e r s .

Ed it e d by W . G . MCM I LLAN ,S e c r e tary .

S c i e n c e Ab s t r a c ts .

Ph y s i c s a n d E l e c tr i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g .

Ed i t e d by W . R . CO O PER ,M .A . ,

135 0

Pub li sh e d Mo n th ly ,8v o ,

2 3 . n e t . A n n ua l Sub s c r ip t io n ,

n e t , p o s t fr e e , to a n y p a r t o f th e W o r ld .

Th e T r a n s a c t i o n s o f t h e S o c i e ty o f E n g i n e e r s .

Ed it e d by PERRY F . N UR SEY , Se cr e tary .

Pub lish e d A n n ua lly ,8v o ,

c lo th, 1 5 3 .

Th e P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e I n c o r p o r a t e d A s s o c i a t i o n

o f Mu n i c i p a l a n d C o u n ty E n g i n e e r s .

Ed i t e d by THOMAS CO LE , ASSO C . M . I n s t . C E .

Th e T r a n s a c t i o n s o f t h e I n c o r p o r a t e d I n s t i tu t i o no f G a s E n g i n e e r s .

Ed i t e d b y THOMAS CO LE , ASSO C . M . I n s t . C .E .

Pub li sh e d A n n ua lly , 8v o , c lo th ,2 1 8 .

Th e T r a n s a c t i o n s o f t h e I n s t i tu t i o n o f M i n i n g a n d

M e ta l l u r gy .

Ed i t e d by C . MCDERM I D ,S e c r e ta ry .

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PHOSPHOR BRONZE .

‘ C o g W h e e l ” a n d “ V u lc a n B r a n d s .

C a s t i n gs , Pla t e s , S t r i p ,Ba r s a n d W i r e .

DURO METAL (R eg i ste r ed Ti tle) .

Fo r Ro ll Be a r i n gs , Wa go n B r a s s e s , & c .

PHOSPHOR TIN AND PHOSPHOR COPPER .

“ C o g Wh e e l”B r a n d . Th e b e s t q ua l it ie s m a d e .

PLASTIC,METAL .

“ C o g W h e e l Br a n d . T h e b e s t fi ll i n g a n d l i n i n gMe t a l i n t h e m a r k e t .

BABBITT’

S METAL.

V u lc a n B r a n d . S e v e n a e fi’

da \.

WHITE LINING METAL , br a n d“ PHOS HOB ,

”

Eq ua l t o t h e b e s t Wh it e Br a s s No . 2 .

WHI TE ANT METAL , No . I .

C h e a p e r t h a n a n y Ba b b it t’

s , a n d S up e r io r t o

Ma g n o l ia Me t a l.

WHITE ANT BRONZE.

S up e r io r t o Fe n t o n’

s Me t a l fo r C a r Be a r i n gs .

SILICIUM BRONZE ELECTRICAL WIRE .

Fo r O v e r h e a d Ele c t r ic a l Li n e s a n d o t h e r p u r p o s e s .

Ple a se a pp ly f o r Ca ta logues co n ta i n i n g f ull p a r t ic ula r s to th eComp a n y

’s H ea d Ofi

‘ic e

,

87 SUMNERSTREET SOUTHWARKI AO N D O N , S E.

WHITE A ALLOYS.

TH E B E ST , CH E APE ST , AN D MO ST DU RAB L E

AN D R E L I AB L E O F TH E N UME R O U S C OMPO S I T I O N S

I N TH E MARKE T I S TH E

(R EGI STER ED TRADE MARK)

M A D E O N L Y B Y T H E

0. IMITED,87 SUMNER STREET

,SOUTHWARK,

L O N D O N,

A n d a t B I R M I N G H A M .

A l s o M a k e r s o f t h e fo l l o w i n g w e l l-k n o w n A l l o y s

PLASTI C METAL Cog Wh e e l Br a n d ) .

BABBITT’

S METAL (“ V ulc a n Bra n d ) Seve n Gra d e s .

WHITE LINING METAL (Br a n d“ Ph o sph o r .

“ WHITE ANT BRONZE

Sup e r io r to Fe n to n’s Me ta l fo r Ca r Be a r i n g.

PHOSPHOR BRONZE Br a n d s .)

Ca s ti n g s i n e v e ry k i n d o f B ro n z e , B r a s s a n d Gun M e ta l , Ro l l e d

a n d Dr a w n B r o n z e , B ra s s , Gun M e ta l , Ti n , Ge rm a n S i l v e r , & c .

3


\R 1 3 1903ADVE RTI SEMENTS .

A NOTABLE CATALOGUE

ENGINEERS’

TOOL

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SANDAPPLIANCES

84—87 FE TTE R L AN E ,

H OLB OR N C I R C US , LONDON .

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c o n ta i n i n g ove r 3 00 quar top age s a n d 16 00 I llustra t io n s ,p ri n te d a n d boun d i n

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