YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU cell: +90-532-414 21 29 Hamidiye Mah. Baris Yolu Cad. office: +90-532-639 02 01 Agaoglu MyCountry Sitesi web: www.sakallioglu.net K4 – B8 34782 Cekmekoy - Istanbul e-mail: yilsakal@yahoo.com Land Seismic Data Acquisition Training Program

YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU currently offers three courses as described below; Course Descriptions:

Code No Course Subjects Duration Course 01 Land seismic data acquisition

Review of basic concepts, theory and techniques The energy sources & seismic instrumentation Signal-to-Noise, spatial sampling & aliasing Land seismic survey layout, basic field parameters Workshop ; noise analysis, survey instruction &

standards

2 days

Course 02 Vibroseis theory, parameter design & QC Vibroseis theory and field operations Vibrator mechanical & electronic description Determination of the optimum sweep parameters Vibroseis field tests & quality control Advances in vibroseis technology Workshop on vibroseismic

1 day

Course 03 3D survey design & QC for land seismic surveys Overview & introduction Review of basic concepts Types of noise Basic 3D grid Survey design consideration & examples of design Determination of the optimum survey parameters Data QC for the 2D and 3D surveys Case histories, 3D design workshop and wrap-up

2 days

Course 01. It is a two-day course in 2D acquisition tools and methods that reviews technical and operational considerations to optimize programs for your exploration targets. Each program parameter is discussed and it is impact on the success of the program is examined. An appreciation of the impact of field techniques on the quality of the final interpreted product will be emphasized. In more depth, some of the subjects discussed are; the energy source, receivers, CDP method, and stacking charts, instrumentation, spatial sampling and aliasing, evaluation of the signal and noise, array designs, and what to do during the field visit. In the second day of this course, we will focus on pre-survey design studies and survey objectives. This course also offers a half-day workshop in noise analyses and seismic survey instructions and standards. Course 02. Is a 1 day course for vibrator technicians, observers, field seismologists and experienced geophysicists, and those who have a through understanding of the seismic tool that provides an overview of the myriad of parameters available in modern vibroseis programs. The significance of each parameter is discussed and guidance is provided for optimizing parameters for your objectives. This course also reviews the physical and electronic construction of the vibrator system, the correlation technique, sweep effort and production time, tapers, sweep types, dual source flip-flop vibroseis operation, as well as modern vibroseis techniques such as Slip-Sweep, HFVS, ISS and DSSS. By developing a sound understanding of the working of vibroseis, participants will gain an appreciation for the techniques used to quality control vibroseis operations. This course contains some vibroseis experimental studies in different geological media and also offers a workshop in comparison to dynamite source, sweep parameter tests and quality control in a vibroseis crew. Course 03. This two-day course develops a logical sequence of procedures used to determine the optimum survey parameters to meet your exploration objectives. The success of the surveys depends a great deal on achieving the correct spatial and statistical sampling of the wavefield taking into consideration the realistic implementation of the design. Some of the subjects covered are: overview of the 3D technique, how to layout 3D program? Considerations of the survey objectives, 3D design, fold, offset considerations, line spacing, bin size, skids and offsets guidelines and the tools used to measure their impact, 3D model types and their statistics analysis, channel requirements, array theory, data simulations, advanced 3D techniques and case histories. In this course different 3D design geometry, modern 3D recording techniques (simultaneous high density data recording) will be studied. In last day of the course a workshop will be carried out and attendees will study on 3D survey design software MESA. Additionally several case studies will be reviewed and field quality control, survey instructions and standards will be studied.

Course Title: Course 01 Land Seismic Data Acquisition Course Duration: 2 days The fundamental seismic principle

Introductory review, the nature of seismic waves, the wave motion and velocity, period – frequency – wavelength, elastic properties of solid, type of seismic waves, surface waves, reflection-refraction-diffraction, and attenuation of seismic waves, reflection and transmission loses spherical divergence.

Resolution and bandwidth. Definition of seismic exploration methods (2D, 3D, 4D, 3C-2D, 3C-3D, 9C….) Seismic exploration world wide; where are we? What is next? Advances in Seismic Data Acquisition.

The energy sources

Geophysical basis of seismic source selection, seismic resolution, source signature, and source generated noises.

Dynamite Technology; shot depth, charge size test studies, the effects of charge size and shot depth on seismic data quality, comparisons of dynamite data versus vibroseis data, explosive safe practice and storage.

Conventional, Poulter and the other surface charges. Vibroseis Technology; Structure of a vibrator unit. Why Vibroseis? Advantages

and disadvantages of vibroseis. Other land seismic sources; land airgun, P-shooter, Hydra-Pulse, Vacu-Pulse

Betsy, Mini-Sosie, Marthor. The receiver; desired receiver qualities, the geophone; frequency, damping,

coupling. The geophone element and string specifications, geophone strings field tests, spatial anti-alias filter, electrical-statistical-superposition advantages, and determination of coherent noise.

CDP method and Stacking Charts; The superposition principle, the multi-channel record, calculation of nominal fold, stacking charts, bent lines.

Analogue, digital and Aliasing; Analogue signal recording, digital signal recording, aliasing in time.

Seismic Instrumentation; Need for greater dynamic range, basic structure of IFP instruments,

o distributed telemetry systems; cables losses, advantages, disadvantages

o Delta Sigma systems; Delta-Sigma and noise shaping, 2nd order modulator, delta sigma and decimation filtering, delta sigma and 24-bit recording, delta-sigma and dynamic range.

o Sercel 428-XL and Geosource GSR-GSX wireless recording systems. o Instrument tests and quality control.

Spatial Sampling and Aliasing; The seismic record in space, F-K plots and geophone intervals, geophone arrays as spatial anti-alias filter, F-K filtering.

Review of the Seismic Record; Direct wave, refractions and other linear events, reflections and multiples, velocity analysis, other noise events, offset considerations.

Trapped waves Evaluation of noise; Assorted noise, ghost, charge size and depth tests, random

noise and determination of fold, analysis of coherent noise. o Array theory; signal to noise ratio in the wave number domain, simple linear

array design, effective array length, array response, spatial convolution of linear arrays, vibrator arrays.

o Estimating signal wavelengths; apparent wavelength vs offset plus frequency, 3D response inline, crossline, combined.

o Ghosting in the dynamite signature. Seismic survey instructions and standards, QC limits for a seismic survey, technical

audit at the crew and field. ½ day workshop on noise analysis and field parameter determination.

Course Title: Course 02 Vibroseis Theory Parameter Design & Quality Control in the Field Course Duration: 1 day

Basic principle of vibroseis; why vibroseis, advantages, disadvantages, vibroseis versus dynamite, random noise and S/N ratio, sweep signal parameters and design, raltion between displacement-velocity-acceleration.

Correlation Theory; cross-correlation and autocorrelation, characteristics of the autocorrelation wavelet.

Vibrator; how does vibrator work? Vibrator mechanics and electronics Sweep design consideration Sweep parameters determination, field tests; Vibroseis parameter test flow,

sweep frequencies, sweep length, number of sweep per VP, number of vibrator, S/N ratio and power of vibrator, vibrator array (move-up), sweep type.

The effects of the sweep parameters on autocorrelation wavelet. Sweep types; Linear sweep, non-linear sweep (dB/octav, dB/Hertz), logaritmik

sweep, combined sweep, piece-wise sweep, pseudo sweep. Vibroseis Quality Control; system polarity, similarity tests, vibrator real time QC,

vibrator daily performance analysis and statistics evaluation. Advances in Vibroseis techniques; High density vibroseis survey, flip-flop

recording, slip-sweep, simultaneous sweeping (HFVS, ISS and DSSS). Case histories and workshop on Vibroseis

Course Title: Course 03 3D Survey Design & QC for the Land Seismic Surveys Course Duration: 2 days

Review of Basic Concepts; The nature of seismic waves, the wave motion and velocity, period–frequency–wavelength, elastic properties of solid, type of seismic waves, surface waves, reflection-refraction-diffraction, and attenuation of seismic waves, reflection and transmission loses spherical divergence, stacking and random noise, bandwidth and resolution, the seismic wavefield, spatial sampling at the surface, sparse sampling of wavefield, case history 2D vs 3D

Types of noise; random – time variant, source generated – offset variant: o Trapped mode, guided waves, scattered surface waves, ground-roll, shear

converted surface waves Basic 3D Grid; Definition of 3D terminology, coverage with single shot, fold build-

up, inline and crossline fold, fold taper, trace density, example of how fold can be mis-leading, development of 3D fold equation, offset limited fold.

Bin Size; target size, maximum unaliased frequency, lateral resolution, vertical resolution. Determination of optimum bin size.

3D Survey Design; optimum group interval, minimum and maximum offsets, G&G objectives, target depth, dip measurement, patch layout, line intervals.

Guidelines for design of 3D geometry; Objectives of survey, know your problem, the choice of optimum 3D geometry; parallel, orthogonal, zig-zag and slanted 3D design geometry, design attribute analysis.

Patches and Edge Management; offset and azimuth distribution, Narrow versus Wide Azimuth Survey Design, Aspect Ratio, Fresnel Zone, Migration Aperture, Record Length.

Flowcharts, Equations, and Spreadsheets; 3D design flowchart, Basic 3D Equations, Basic steps in 3D layout, estimating the cost of 3D survey.

Wide azimuth, high density optimum 3D survey design Stack array, symmetric sampling, shot and receiver arrays in 3D design Practical Field Considerations; Surveying, script files, templates, roll-on/off,

swath width, shooting strategy. Field parameter tests, instrument tests and Field Quality Control in 3D survey Advanced 3D data acquisition techniques Case histories and workshop on 3D survey design

Who Should Attend These Courses

Field Supervisors Course 02 Course 03 Field QC Geophysicists Course 01 Course 02 Course 03 Observers, Vibrator Technician Course 01 Course 02 Processing Geophysicists Course 01 Course 02 Course 03

(1) Field supervisors should attend the Courses on Vibroseis Theory, Parameter Design & Quality Control in the Field (Course-02) and 3D Survey Design & QC for the Land Seismic Surveys (Course-03) to review the vibroseis theory and field parameters design including (a) advantages of vibroseismic (b) optimum sweep parameters determination (c) vibroseismic real time QC, field tests, vibroseis QC (d) 3D survey design exercises by using MESA design software and analysis of the several design attributes (e) 3D Data Quality Control and (f) advances in 3D vibroseis data acquisition.

(2) Field QC Geophysicists and Processing Geophysicists should attend Land seismic data

acquisition (Course-01), Vibroseis Theory, Parameter Design & Quality Control in the Field (Course-02) and 3D Survey Design & QC for the Land Seismic Surveys (Course-03) to review (a) basic principles of the land seismic data acquisition, (b) seismic sources and instrumentations, (c) land data acquisition instructions and standards, (d) advantages of vibroseismic (e) optimum sweep parameters determination (f) vibroseismic real time QC, field tests, vibroseis QC (g) 3D survey design exercises by using MESA design software and analysis of the several design attributes (h) 3D Data Quality Control and (i) advances in 3D vibroseis data acquisition.

(3) Observers and vibrator technicians should attend Land seismic data acquisition (Course-

01), Vibroseis Theory, Parameter Design & Quality Control in the Field (Course-02) to review (a) basic principles of the land seismic data acquisition, (b) seismic sources and instrumentations, (c) land data acquisition instructions and standards, (d) theory of vibroseismic, vibrator mechanics and electronics (e) characteristics of the sweep signal and importance of sweep parameters determination (f) vibroseismic real time QC, field tests, vibroseis QC.

What advantages do you have with Yilmaz Sakallioglu? (1) YILMAZ SAKALLIOGLU has 35 years of worldwide experience in the seismic exploration

industry; as such, he has gained knowledge for a broad range of problems in seismic exploration and has developed appropriate solutions in the form of seismic workflows for data acquisition and quality control.

(2) As such, he has an in-depth knowledge of the theory and practice of land 2D and 3D

seismic data acquisition, 3D survey design, determination of the optimum field parameters and field quality control that he has skillfully combined them.

(3) YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU has given these courses in several countries for the

explorationists such as; for the field and processing geophysicists, observers and vibrator technicians at Turkish Petroleum Company, Ankara-Turkey (1994 – 1998), for practicing field and processing geophysicist at ENAGEO in Hassi-Mesoud – Algeria (1997), for field and processing geophysicists at Azimuth Energy Services in city of Kazakhstan Alma-Ata, Atirau, Aktau (1999, 2000) and for practicing geologists and geophysicists at Waha Oil Company in Tripoli-Libya (2003 -2004).

(4) YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU has presented and published several papers on seismic data

acquisition and processing at the SEG, EAGE and the others Geophysical Conventions and Exhibitions. He has received “The best paper and presentation of SEG/Azeri Geophysical Societies in Baku-Azerbaijan in 1996”.

(5) YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU is widely known in the petroleum industry not only for his

knowledge of theory and practice of seismic data acquisition and processing, but also for his unique ability to communicate his knowledge to others with clarity and eloquence. He has mainly worked for oil companies and international joint venture exploration projects such as; Turkish Petroleum Company (TPAO), TPAO-AMOCO Joint Venture Company (TEPCO) Kazakhstan Temir Exploration Project, Turkish Petroleum International Company (TPIC) Egypt Exploration Projects, Turkish Petroleum Overseas Company (TPOC) Libyan Exploration Projects, and Waha Oil Company in Libya, Tripoli.

(6) YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU has also worked with well known geophysical contractors such

as; Prakla-Seismos, CGG, GSI, HGS, Western Geophysical in Turkey, Western Geophysical, PGS-Tensor and CGG in Egypt, Azimuth Energy Services in Kazakhstan, and BGP, NAGECO, and AGESCO in Libya.

Additional information on the courses (1) The format for each course day includes eight (8) hours of lecturing, including a one-hour

workshop and one-hour exercises dealing with current exploration and development projects with emphasis on the issues related to the topics covered during the lecture.

(2) The course notes for three courses are; (a) Land Seismic Data Acquisition Part-I and Part-

II, (b) Vibroseis Theory, Survey Design Parameter Determination and Field QC (c) 3D Seismic Survey Design and Quality Control and Advanced Vibroseis 3D Seismic Data Acquisition prepared by YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU.

What are the benefits of YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU`s geophysical courses Recent developments in all aspects seismic exploration require a through and comprehensive update of the knowledge of the practicing geophysicists---both in theory and in practice. The five courses offered by YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU provide the required update for all aspects of conventional seismic data acquisition. There have been significant developments over the past fifteen years in techniques for acquisition and processing. To begin with, 3D seismic method took a centrally dominant position in the exploration and development of oil and gas fields. Multi-channel recording systems, multi-component recording methods, stack array, symmetric sampling, advances in vibroseis sweep techniques, and recording methods, pre-planning of 3D surveys and 3D survey design techniques improved quality of data. The geophysicists taking these courses will be able to capture the practical aspects of the modern seismic data acquisition and well seismic surveys in relation to the projects they are conducting to get helpful hints on the techniques and workflows. The field geophysicists and processors taking these courses will be able to study the practical aspects of a specific application of interest to get helpful hints on what assumptions can be made in relation to that application. In summary, recent developments in all aspects of seismic exploration methods---specifically in 3D seismic data acquisition, seismic recording systems and vibroseis technology and also in processing techniques all are compelling reasons for updating the knowledge of the explorationists----both in theory and in practice. The five courses offered by YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU provide the required update in theory and practice.

A Biosketch of YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU Educational Data

YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU received his B.Sc. in Geophysics from Earth Science Faculty of University of Istanbul, Turkey in 1980.

M. Sc. in Geophysics with research in “Vibroseis Sweep Techniques in Different Geological Media” from University of Ankara, Turkey in 1992.

Professional Data

YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU has been working in the seismic industry for 35 years----- At Turkish Petroleum, Exploration Department; acquisition and processing QC geophysicist, Field Supervisor, Chief Geophysicist, and Geophysical Operations Manager in 1980-1998.

At Turkish Petroleum International Projects Department; Field and processing supervisor, senior staff geophysicist, project advisor and Exploration Manager of Libyan Branch Office in Tripoli, Libya in 1999-2001.

At Waha Oil Company-Libya, acquisition and processing QC geophysicist in 2002- August 2010.

At TransAtlantic Petroleum Ltd. as Senior Geophysical Coordinator in September 2010 – April 2015.

Aside from numerous publications and presentations on seismic data acquisition, YILMAZ SAKALLIOĞLU wrote two books on 2D-3D Seismic Data Acquisition for Turkish Geophysicists in 1997, published by Turkish Petroleum Exploration Department and on VIBROSEIS published in 2013.

Sakallioglu is a member of o Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), o European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers (EAGE), and o The Chamber of Geophysical Engineers of Turkey.

Sakallioglu served in the SEG as Membership Committee Member and Country Representative of Libya in 2006-2009.

Sakallioglu taught course on 2D-3D seismic data acquisition for the Turkish Geophysicist (1996-19977), , Algerian Geophysicist (1998) Kazakhstan Geophysicist (1999-2000) and Libyan Geophysicists (2003-2004)

Awards and Honors

Sakallioglu awarded with best paper and presentation by; I. SEG/ASEG Azeri Geophysics International Conference, Baku – Azerbaijan, October 10 – 12, 1996 .His paper titled as; Technological Directions in 3D Seismic Survey; in past, present and future.

For his successful 10 years field work at Turkish Petroleum Company’s (TPAO) seismic crews, Sakallioglu was honored by the TPAO in 1991.

1250-km 2D seismic data acquisition and processing in the Sivas basin of Turkey, project successfully completed in a year and Sakallioglu honored by the TransAtlantic Petroleum in 2012.