KR_TheGloryofSemarang_SR.pdf - Undip PAK Repository

KORESPODENSI DENGAN JURNAL SYARAT

No Kegiatan Tanggal Keterangan

1. Journal Registration 08 November 2019 Notification editor in chief

Email

2. Request to reset password 08 November 2019 Notification editor in chief

Email

3. Passsword reset successfully 08 November 2019 Notification editor in chief

Email

4. Submission of a separate manuscript

with images to the editor

09 November 2019 The manuscript is attached

to an email attachment to

the editor in chief

5. Submission of manuscripts via

online submission

09 November 2019 Manuscript Attach

Email

6. Review article - 1 11 November 2019 Notification review article

Email

7. Submit manuscript after revision 1

with the new template


Email

8. Invoice submission from editor 11 November 2019 Invoice attachment

Email

9. Payment of articles 13 November 2019 Proof of payment of the

article

Email

10. Manuscript submission by:

1. Manuscript template with pictures

2. The template is a script only

3. The template is an image only


Email

11. Review article – 2

Direction from the editor

04 Januari 2020 Notification review article

Email

12. Submission of review results - 2 05 Januari 2020 Manuscript Attach

Email

13. Revision of the second manuscript

with a reference format of 49

06 Januari 2020 Manuscript Attach

Email

14. Article Published 06 Januari 2020

C4 : The Glory Of Semarang Coastal City In The Past, Multi-Ethnic Merchants And

Dutch Commerce

1. Journal Registration

siti rukayah <[email protected]>

[JSJU] Journal Registration 1 message

Editor-in-Chief <[email protected]> Fri, Nov 8, 2019 at 12:43 PMTo: Hi R Siti Rukayah <[email protected]>

Hi R Siti Rukayah

You have now been registered as a user with Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. We have included your username and password in this email, whichare needed for all work with this journal through its website. At any point, you can ask to be removed from the journal's list of users by contacting me.

Username: tututrsiti68 Password: muara123

Thank you, Editor-in-Chief ________________________________________________________________________ Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University http://jsju.org/index.php/journal

http://jsju.org/index.php/journal

SKETSA-2

Highlight

2. Request to reset password


[JSJU] Password Reset Confirmation 1 message

Admin <[email protected]> Fri, Nov 8, 2019 at 12:54 PMTo: Hi R Siti Rukayah <[email protected]>

We have received a request to reset your password for the Open Journal Systems web site.

If you did not make this request, please ignore this email and your password will not be changed. If you wish to reset your password, click on the below URL.

Reset my password: http://jsju.org/index.php/journal/login/resetPassword/tututrsiti68?confirm=b848f86e119b106077743ee1a11b9797db628b36cff97e88088c6f410132b4c5%3A1573199670

Editor-in-Chief ________________________________________________________________________ Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University http://jsju.org/index.php/journal

http://jsju.org/index.php/journal/login/resetPassword/tututrsiti68?confirm=b848f86e119b106077743ee1a11b9797db628b36cff97e88088c6f410132b4c5%3A1573199670


SKETSA-2

Highlight

3. Passsword reset successfully


[JSJU] Password Reset 1 message

Admin <[email protected]> Fri, Nov 8, 2019 at 12:54 PMTo: Hi R Siti Rukayah <[email protected]>

Your password has been successfully reset for use with the Open Journal Systems web site. Please retain this username and password, as it is necessary for all work with the journal.

Your username: tututrsiti68 Your new password: b8NHL8eP

Editor-in-Chief ________________________________________________________________________ Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University http://jsju.org/index.php/journal


SKETSA-2

Highlight

4. Submission of a separate manuscript with

images to the editor


manuscript and picture

siti rukayah <[email protected]> Sat, Nov 9, 2019 at 9:52 PMTo: [email protected]: [email protected]

Dear Editor in ChiefAttached the manuscript: paper separately with picture( I change my email from [email protected] to [email protected])

Many thanks for your kindness

Best Regards,Dr.R.Siti Rukayah

-- Vice Head of Ph.D. ProgramArchitecture and Urban Design Department ArchitectureUniversitas DiponegoroSemarang- Indonesia

2 attachments

paper only 8 nov 2019.docx 189K

picture only 8 nov 2019.docx 4557K

mailto:[email protected]


https://mail.google.com/mail/u/2?ui=2&ik=c62b9a954d&view=att&th=16e50a6c3e3bd53a&attid=0.1&disp=attd&realattid=f_k2ropw610&safe=1&zw

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/2?ui=2&ik=c62b9a954d&view=att&th=16e50a6c3e3bd53a&attid=0.2&disp=attd&realattid=f_k2ropw881&safe=1&zw

SKETSA-2

Highlight

5. Submission of manuscripts via online

submission


manuscript for Jiatong Journal siti rukayah <[email protected]> Sat, Nov 9, 2019 at 10:02 PMTo: [email protected]

Dear Editor in ChiefI really sorry, I sent my manuscript using online submission because I follow the instruction from the journal template.

Attached the manuscript: paper separately with picture( I change my email from [email protected] to [email protected])

Many thanks for your kindness

Best Regards,Dr.R.Siti Rukayah

-- Vice Head of PhD ProgramArchitecture and Urban Design Department ArchitectureUniversitas DiponegoroSemarang- Indonesia

2 attachments

paper only 8 nov 2019.docx 189K

picture only 8 nov 2019.docx 4557K



https://mail.google.com/mail/u/2?ui=2&ik=c62b9a954d&view=att&th=16e50b070d165f86&attid=0.1&disp=attd&realattid=f_k2rp10ps0&safe=1&zw

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/2?ui=2&ik=c62b9a954d&view=att&th=16e50b070d165f86&attid=0.2&disp=attd&realattid=f_k2rp10qs1&safe=1&zw

SKETSA-2

Highlight

ISSN - 0258-2724 西南交通大学学报第 _ 卷第 _ 期

2018 年 4 月

DOI： 10. 3969/j.

issn. 0258-

2724.2018.___

JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST

JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY Vol.__ No._

Apr. 2018

Category.

Please select from the approved list of the journal categories

THE GLORY OF SEMARANG COASTAL CITY IN THE PAST ,

MULTI ETNIC MERCHANTS AND DUTCH COMMERCE

R.Siti Rukayah1,*, Muhammad Abdullah2

aArchitecture Departement, Diponegoro University

Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia, [email protected], [email protected] b Indonesian literature, Diponegoro University

Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia, [email protected]

Abstract The Image of the City Lynch describes how individuals perceive and recall features in urban spaces.

Lynch's approach is categorized in paths, nodes, edges, districts, and landmarks - give shape to

individuals' mental representation of the city. Recently, to test that theory on a large-scale city requires

high accuracy to understand a city. So, it requires tools such as computational techniques using the GIS

system. The city of the 14-18 century was not as complicated as Lynch had done in the 1960s. How to

reveal the image of the city? The Image of the city in the past has not been explored yet. To explore the

glory of Semarang city, Central Java, Indonesia, as Venetia van Java, sugar industry in Asia, and has the

first railway track in Indonesia, can still using hand drawing sketch to reconstruct the image of an old

city. Old data such as map, photography, and video are integrated to reconstruct the Image of the City in

the past. Recently, the name of port of Semarang, Tanjung Emas -cape of gold- implies the glory of

Semarang. The Semarang seaport played an important role in the pre-colonial and colonial eras. The

architecture building heritage at the two-river estuary of the Semarang coast uncover the history of

naming the ‘cape of Gold". The river as transportation lines and trains as the path is important as a tool to

evaluate the city transportation facilities for urban planners, watershed services, and urban conservation.

Keywords: river transportation, rail train, Semarang, Colonial, multi-ethnic.

摘要

关键词:

I. INTRODUCTION In 1960, Kevin Lynch published The Image

of the City [1], one of the most influential

theories in the formation of city images. City

image research continues to grow, along with the

development of the city. At present, the city is

developing very rapidly into a metropolitan city

that has a big scale that requires presentation and

tools to test the image of the city using a

computational approach [2].

Meanwhile, the extent and complexity of

cities in the past are not yet complicated

compared to cities in the present. Therefore, the

use of city image theory to reveal the

representation of city image in the past is still a

research opportunity, especially in historic areas.


First author et al. / Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University/ Vol.__ No._Apr. 2018

2

Coastal city has become the focus of research

today since the issue of coastal disasters such as

rising seawater, land subsidence. [3]. The disaster

requires handling, especially in historic areas. [4].

Some historic coastal areas emerged due to the

development of trade since prehistoric times in

the Southeast Asian region. The Asian region has

attracted the presence of traders from Arab-Persia

to the archipelago in addition to traders from

India and China. [5]. The location of Indonesia

attracted for explorers of the world to trade or

transit even for stopover [6].

The trace of the settlement of the traders from

around the world is the multi-ethnic architectural

heritage that scattered along the coast in

Indonesia, especially in Java. In Semarang city,

Central Java, Indonesia, the multi-ethnic

settlement become an embryo for city

development. In the Dutch colonial period, they

created a city resemble the Netherland that using

canals for transportation. The Semarang city well

known as the venetie van Java.

They choosing Semarang because the position

precisely in the central of Java. So, the ports on

the north coast of Java played an essential role as

the political and economic power base of the

Dutch East Indies company. The heart and

politics of the Dutch in controlling crop yields.

To brought some crops from interior Java they

built the first railroad route in Indonesia. The

development of sugarcane and coffee gave rise

Asian conglomerate in its era

However, the remaining area of the past glory

is now partially lost due to geological disasters

on the North coast of Java that occurred since the

8th century. [7]. Sedimentation, rob, and land

subsidence caused heritage areas to be

submerged in water. Some big cities like Jakarta,

Surabaya, and Semarang are predicted to sink

[8][9]–[12]. This paper aims to uncover the glory

of the city of Semarang in the past and reveal that

cultural heritage at risk.

The city of Semarang based on maps in 1719

and 1800 consisting of three districts, namely the

Malay village area, the old downtown area in

Kanjengan, and the colonial fortress area.

Semarang Map Semarang in 1719 put as a

reference. The area of Semarang city was around

500 x 600 meters or about 30 hectares.

Historical record of the foreign sailor, Tome

Pires, when he arrived in Semarang a century

after the arrival of Cheng Ho, witnessed that

Semarang was already a city lead by Muslim

rulers who were the vassals of the Sultanate of

Demak. The population was around 3000 people.

That port has three junks and 4 or 5 boats. The

commercial commodities produced are mainly

rice and other food ingredients. [13] .

Semarang's history is inseparable from

geological problems. This can be seen from the

transfer of port location. In the 8th century AD,

Semarang was still a group of islands with a

coastline located in the Pragotat region (now

known as bergota hill). [14]. History records that

Admiral Cheng Ho's fleet leaned on the port of

Simongan in 1405. [15][16]. In the 14th century,

the coastline was in the Kampung Melayu region

now or precisely in the Sleko region. [17]. Port

traces as a landing places for foreign traders

recently disappear, but the name of the place still

refers the meaning of a landing place. [18]–[20]

The Dutch government moved the port from

Simongan to the Semarang river in the Boom

Lama area, which has been operating since 1743.

This port also experienced siltation so that in

1870, the government dig a channel to the east of

the river mouth, which was named new canal

/Moeara Baroe 'Havenkanaal [21]

The Semarang city position on the central

Java has become one of the mainstay cities in the

VOC's trading strategy. This region is located

right in the middle of the coast and connecting to

Kartasura, the capital of Sunan (Lombard, 2000:

59). The old port near Malay village di

Semarang river estuary experienced siltation.

However, to expedite trading activities, the Dutch

government built a new canal to the new port.

The siltation still process, so that port also

experienced silting until the Dutch government

made the modern port in Tanjung Emas port-

cape of gold.

The name of the Tanjung Emas are strategic

research materials to uncover the glory of

Semarang in the past along two river estuary.

Although the existence of the old building

experienced a geological disaster, nevertheless,

the colonial government archives about the area

are complete. Old data such as images, photos,

maps, and videos during the Dutch colonial era,

could be used to reconstruct the Semarang city

image. The study of transportation use and its

role in trade is one aspect of economic

archeology. [22].

Based on historical archives, architectural

heritage, and grounded research , the research

from an architectural and urban design

perspective will use an architectural and city

historic approach and analysis using hand

drawing sketches. This method have an

advantage comparing to using mockups to

reconstruct the city in the past that usually used

by archeologists [23].

3

The image of the city using mockups is less

able to be captured because of the city scale

factor and the materials of mockups. The image

of the city using the computational system has

weaknesses because all objects are equally

dominant. Displaying the image of the city by

using a hand-drawn sketch will be able to give

emphasis to the desired area and obscure the less

dominant picture. [24]. A picture is worth more

than a thousand words. Images are often the

language that often captures messages and

meanings compared to written and spoken

languages. [25]

II. METHODS The old data about architectural building

heritage along the Semarang river and new canal

area were detected from old map, drawings/

photographs [31] Maps and photos are obtained

from kitlv, tropen museum and atlas mutual

heritage. The old map are taken from 1695, 1719,

1875, 1880, 1888, 1892. Map of the first railroad

network in Indonesia in Semarang and the map

on 1907 became a tool for analyzing industrial

networks from the interior to the river estuary

Along the Semarang River estuary, there are

the port as a transit point and residing traders

from various regions such as Handramut, Arabic,

Chinese, Malay, Banjar, Bugis, etc. [26] and they

left a multi-ethnic village [27], [28] [29].

According to Rukayah [18] the area are

dominated by ethnic Arabs and Chinese traders.

Meanwhile, along the new canal estuary, they

are several buildings reveal the triumph of the

VOC (Vereeniging Ost-Indische Company) trade

in 1678 [30].

. The historical approach by reading maps

and images is essential in historical research

because pictures provide more stories than

narratives. [32]. Meanwhile, local data before the

arrival of Dutch colonialism was minimal.

Therefore it requires reading the toponym of the

place name to reveal the building and function of

the place at the time [33]

The analysis is using a hand drawing sketch

using ancient aerial photographs in the two river

estuary [34].

Reconstructing the city image of Semarang in

the past will be analyzed based on the path, edge ,

district, nodes, and landmarks [1].

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The path element became the first

element to reconstruct the image of Semarang

city in the past because the river was the only

transportation route. Based on photos and maps

from 1917, the canal has length of 1180 meters

and a width of 23 meters. [35]. The file elements

that are very prominent formed the city image of

Semarang in the past are:

A. Paths

Paths is a channel that observers or visitors

usually pass through, the relationship between the

road and the environment that is regulated is

interrelated [1]

The nickname of the city of Semarang as a

venetie van Java indicated the role of the canals

as a transport route at that time. The traces of

transport in the pre-colonial were at river

Semarang. The old port lied in Darat village Old

Boom. Darat (Javanesse) and Boom (Dutch)

toponym refer that the place had a function as a

port. A Chinese traveler, Ong Tai Hae, who had

visited Semarang in 1783, said that the port of

Semarang was attended by many merchant

ships.The ship was small that sailed to

Pedamaran near the square Semarang The

location of the Old Boom is very strategically

located close to the Pedamaran market close to

the city center. [36]

The construction of a new port canal, named

Nieuwe Havenkanaal, in 1872. The port plays a

vital role as a gateway for the export-import of

products from the interior such as sugar, coffee,

indigo, and so on. The port increasingly

developed as the largest port and port city in

Central Java [37]. The Haven Kanaal port was

seen integrated with the railroad network of the

Kemidjen station in Tambaksari and the city

center (see Semarang Map 1875) to

Vorstenlanden -Surakarta, and Yogyakarta [21].

B. Landmarks

Landmarks are points that are considered

necessary to observers. they are easy to identify

because the shapes are clear and easy to

remember and have the advantage of spatial

location. People understand a city, from artifacts

[1]. According to Masitha & Heston, [38]

buildings as one of the elements that forming the

image of the city, especially in historic area.

Transforming the city's image without erasing the

potential image of the city itself [39]. Culture in

general can contribute significantly to designing

cities [40].

From several theories about the image of the

city above, people who live or settle in the area

usually describe the part or place that is most

easily recognized or has its characteristics. One

of them is a heritage building that illustrates the

features of the culture of the city itself.


4

The results of the hand drawing sketch

capture the image of the city of captured that the

Layur Mosque (early 18th century) become the

landmark at Semarang river. Whereas, the

Menara Syahbandar / Menara Sleko (uitkijk).

1877 became the landmarks in new canal. The

meeting point area of the two rivers marked by

the presence of the Layur Tower Mosque and

Sleko Tower became the city gate to Semarang at

the time. The Layur Mosque has once functioned

as a lighthouse tower. Meanwhile, the Sleko

Tower functions as a small port that was

equipped as a viewing tower to regulate loading

and unloading of small traders and to oversee the

pier and be able to see around the city from the

top of the tower.

C. Edges

Edges are a barrier although sometimes there

is a place to enter. It is also the end of a better

district if continuity is clearly visible. Likewise

the boundary function must be clear; divide or

unite. [1]

At the Semarang river estuary, there could be

said to represent an example of multi-cultural

Trade City in Southeast Asia, which is formed

from power trading activities Javanese, Malay,

Chinese, and Arabic [42]. They were migrants

who traded (trading partners) before the arrival of

the Dutch in the early 17th century [43]. [29] [44].

By using the visual image in, the characteristics

of various architectural building heritage are

spread along the river, such as the Banjar

community, Javanese house, Arab house,

Chinese house, Indis house, and Melayu house.

Ethnic Arabs and Chinese dominate trade

activities. This can be seen from the architecture

of the building in the main corridor of the Melayu

village [27], [28]. It can be concluded that

Semarang river estuary has a Multi-Ethnic

Merchant character

Buildings along the new canal are more

dominated with warehouse buildings and sugar

factories. At that time, sugar was an essential

commodity for the Dutch East Indies in the 19th

century. At the time, Java as the largest sugar

producer in the world. Based on these data,

Muara Kali Baroe had a character of the City

Image as Dutch Commerce (see Historical Video

Archive, Train crossing the Kalibaru suspension

bridge in Semarang, 1937

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ioJU8Dv

A0)

The livelihood of warehouses in the port of

Semarang affected the tax revenue obtained from

Semarang in 1677, which exceeded the

acquisition of several ports in the vicinity.

Because in the 1900s the production of sugar was

very promising especially with the Dutch

Government supporting the production of sugar.

[45]. Along the new canal, headed to the port,

experienced a rapid increase in business activities,

sugar- trading, in the 1870s .[46]. One of the

most prominent sugar business leaders is Oei

Tiong Ham, who is famous for the nickname

"Sugar King of Java." [47]. In the years of his

success (between 1850-1900), the role of new

canal was significant for the distribution of sugar.

It can be concluded that new canal has City

Image as Dutch Commerce. However, new canal

also a transportation serviced for local traders, for

example, the Tasripien Concern Company, which

sends its commodities, especially leather, to

various destinations. [48] .

D. Node and District

Nodes are points, strategic spots in a city

where an observer can enter, and which is the

focus for where he is going.[1]

Districts a two-dimensional urban area with a

medium to large city scale, where humans feel

'in' and 'out' from a region with generally

different characteristics. [1]. The characteristics

that determine districts are thematic continuities

which may consist of an endless variety of

components. [1]

In the Dutch colonial era, urban planning

played an essential role in creating the existence

of colonial power at that time. They show the

power usually by hidden the existence the

districts of Malay village and local government in

their old map. The city design that consist of the

square, mosque, and Kanjengan are almost not

visible on the map design except on the map in

1917.

The presence of Malay villages since the 14th

century, the local government in the 15th century,

and the colonial government in the old fortress

town of the 17th century formed a triangle

district connected to two Semarang river estuary.

The Dutch colonial government set the Dutch

fortress at the meeting point of the two estuaries

of the Semarang river and the new cana. The

fortress area becomes a node. The area of this

node becomes the gateway to the Dutch colonial

fortress to/from the harbor. The name of gateway

area is Sleko, means the city gate. The area

characterized by the presence of tower Sleko.

E. The Golden Cape

The symptom of coastal geological disaster

always occurred until today . The sedimentation

process, causes the siltation of the Semarang

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ioJU8DvA0


5

river estuary. (Krisprantono, 2013; Supriyono,

2007 and still continuing until the Semarang city

government built and developed the Tanjung

Emas Port in Semarang in 1982.

Apparently, it was not wrong to give the

name of the golden cape because Semarang had a

glory from the port of Mataram era, Cheng Ho's

landing period, the pre-colonial period and the

colonial period.

.

IV. CONCLUSION Using the hand drawing sketch can be

concluded that:

1.the driving force of economic activity in the

port in old river estuary is the local economy and

ethnic muti traders. This can be seen from the

presence of the architectural building heritages

that indicate multi -ethnic[1].

2. the architectural building heritage in the

new canal estuary indicates the commercial

offices, warehouses, and train stations that

connect the port with the interior area in Java,

making the image of the estuary area as the

center of Dutch commerce.

The hand drawing sketch of the glory of the

city in the past displaying the image by give


dominant picture. [24]. A hand drawing sketch

of the city is worth more than a thousand words.

The city images are often the language that often

captures messages and meanings compared to

written and spoken languages. [25]

Using the image of the city theory, the Layur

Mosque Tower was found as the landmark of the

old river estuary. The Syahbandar (the head of

port) Tower at the new canal estuary (Kali Baroe)

and the sugar warehouses owned by Oei Tiong

Ham (one of the Asian conglomerates of his era)

as the shaper of the image of the new canal. The

meeting point of two estuaries becomes a node

with the nickname Sleko (Dutch), which means

the city gate.The image of the glory of Semarang

lost due to the problem of land subsidence. Urban

planning in the past, based on the river as

transportation, resulted in the architecture and

spatial structure of Semarang city had an identity

as a multi-ethnic port city (14th century) and

17th-century industrial port cities. Understanding

the problems, opportunities and use city planing

in the past [41] for reference for urban planning

in the future.

V. RECOMMENDATION The problem of land subsidence and rob has

eliminated the image of the river estuary of

Semarang as a multi-ethnic nature port with the

dominance multi etnic merchants (14th century)

and modern port in the Dutch Colonial era with

the character of an industrial city (17th century).

However, the history of the naming “cape of gold”

uncover the image of Semarang city with the

river and railway transportation in that port. The

malfunction of that transportation lines due to

geological disasters such as rob and land

subsidence, as well as the constructions of the

post roads at 18th-century need to revitalization

by government.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Researchers would like to thank the research and

community service institutions of Universitas

Diponegoro, and the Ministry of Research and

Technology for providing grants for Higher

Education Applied Research in 2019 No. 101-

138 / UN7.P4.3 / PP 2019. Researchers would

like to thank the Semarang City Spatial Planning

Office and the Central Java Marine Service for

providing data assistance on Semarang river

activities

REFERENCES

[1] K. Lynch, The image of the city, vol.

11. MIT press, 1960.

[2] G. Filomena, J. A. Verstegen, E.

Manley, and K. Lynch, “A

computational approach to ‘ The

Image of the City ,’” Cities, vol. 89,

no. December 2018, pp. 14–25, 2019.

[3] D. Sarah and E. Soebowo, “Land

subsidence threats and its management

in the North Coast of Java Land


in the North Coast of Java,” in Global

Colloquium on GeoSciences and

Engineering 2017, 2018.

[4] L. A. Reeder-myers, “Cultural

Heritage at Risk in the Twenty- First

Century : A Vulnerability Assessment

of Coastal Archaeological Sites in the

United States,” J. Ofisl. Coast.

Archaeol., no. June 2015, pp. 1–10,

2015.

[5] Z. Ramli and N. H. S. N. A. Rahman,

“Aktiviti Perdagangan Pedagang

Arab-Parsi di Semenanjung Tanah

Melayu Berdasarkan Sumber Asing

dan Data Arkeologi,” vol. 2, pp. 147–

175, 2009.

[6] A. E. I. Wahby, “The Architecture of

the Early Mosques and Shrines of

Java : Influences of the Arab


6

Merchants in the 15th and 16th

Centuries ?,” vol. 1, pp. 1–205, 2007.

[7] R. Van Bemmelen, “Geology of

Indonesia Vol-IA General.”

Government Printing Office, 1948.

[8] N. Colbran, “Will jakarta be the next

atlantis? Excessive groundwater use

resulting from a failing piped water

network,” 5/1 Law, Environmental

Development Journal, vol. 5. pp. 20–

37, 2009.

[9] S. P.Hadi, “In Search for Sustainable

Coastal Management : A Case Study

of Semarang , Indonesia,” in IOP Conf.

Series: Earth and Environmental

Science 55 (2017) 012054, 2017.

[10] M. Gumilar, I. Abidin, H. Z. Sidiq, T.

P. Andreas, H. Maiyudi, R. Gamal,

“Mapping And Evaluating The Impact

Of Land Subsidence In Semarang

( Indonesia ),” Indones. J. Geospatial,

vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 26–41, 2013.

[11] F. Kuehn, Æ. D. Albiol, Æ. G.

Cooksley, and A. H. Æ. D.

Murdohardono, “Detection of land

subsidence in Semarang , Indonesia ,

using stable points network ( SPN )

technique,” pp. 909–921, 2010.

[12] E. Chaussard, F. Amelung, and H. Z.

Abidin, “Sinking Cities In Indonesia :

Space-Geodetic Evidence Of The

Rates And Spatial Distribution Of

Land Subsidence,” vol. 2011, no.

September 2011, pp. 19–23, 2012.

[13] A. Cortesao, The Suma Oriental of

Tome Pires: An Account of the East,

from the Red Sea to Japan, Written in

Malacca and India in 1512-1515.

London: Hakluyt Society Series, 1944.

[14] S. Maziyah, “Kondisi Jawa Tengah

pada Abad VIII sampai Abad XV M,”

Humanika, vol. 15, 2012.

[15] L. T. Joe, Riwayat Semarang:Dari

Djamannya Sam Po Sampe

Terhapoesnya Konkoan. Semarang:

Boekhandel Ho Kim Yoe, 1933.

[16] K. Yuanzhi, Cheng Ho Muslim

Tionghoa. Misteri Perjalanan

Muhibah di Nusantara. Yayasan

Pustaka Obor Indonesia., 2000.

[17] J. Tio, Kota Semarang dalam

Kenangan. Semarang., 2004.

[18] R. Rukayah, D. R. Puguh, E. S. Susilo,

and M. S. Indraswara, “Local Wisdom

of the Native Settlement as A Main

Gate in the Northern Axis of Javanese

City Center in Semarang,” IOP Conf.

Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 152, no.

1, 2018.

[19] R. S. Rukayah, E. S. Susilo, and M.

Abdullah, “Exploring The Position of

Old Semarang Sea Prt : Based on

Javanese City Pattern,” in 3rd

International Conference on Tropical

and Coastal Region Eco Development

2017, 2018, pp. 0–8.


Abdullah, Semarang Kota Pesisir

Lama. Yogyakarta: Tekno Sain, 2018.

[21] “De locomotief: Samarangsch

Handels- en advertentie-blad,” 17-

Feb-1869.

[22] H. Prihatmoko, “Transportasi Air

Dalam Perdagangan Pada Masa Jawa

Kuno Di Jawa Timur,” Forum Arkeol.,

vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 155–174, 2014.

[23] I. Andrisijanti, “Pengembangan Maket

Pusat-Pusat Pemerintahan,” vol. 1, no.

1, pp. 1–29, 2015.

[24] S. Devanny, “Peran Sketsa Tangan

Dalam Profesi Arsitek Studi Banding

antara Sketsa Leonardo da Vinci dan

Frank Gehry,” Universitas Indonesia,

2010.

[25] C. J. Pole, Seeing Is Believing ?

Approaches To Edited By, vol. 7. 2004.

[26] D. Susanto, “Tradisi Seni Lisan

Sebagai Strategi Dakwah di Kalangan

Kaum Habib (Studi Kasus di

Kampung Melayu Kota Semarang).”

Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi

IAIN Walisongo Semarang, 2014.

[27] R. S. Rukayah, D. R. Puguh, and

Endang Sri Susilo, “Local Wisdom of

The Native Settlement as A Main Gate

in The Northern Axis of Javanese City

Center In Semarang Local Wisdom of



Center In Semarang,” 2018.

[28] R. S. Rukayah, E. S. Susilo, M.

Abdullah, and S. Saputro, “Exploring

The Position Of Old Semarang Sea

Port: Based on Javanese City Pattern,”

7

IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci.,

vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 0–8, 2018.

[29] T. Madiasworo, “Revitalisasi Nilai-

Nilai Kearifan Lokal Kampung

Melayu Semarang,” Local Wisdom,

vol. 1, pp. 10–18, 2009.

[30] S. Wibowo, “Sejarah Perkembangan

Kota Semarang ( Jawa Tengah ) di

Masa Lalu dan Dampak Kehadiran

Polutan Nitrat Pada Airtanah di Masa

Kini History of the past development

of the Semarang city ( Central Java )

and its impact on nitrat pollutants

presence in the ground,” Ris. Geol.

dan Pertamb., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 25–

36, 2013.

[31] Kuntowijoyo, Metodologi Sejarah.

Tiara Wacana Yogya, 1994.

[32] C. J. Pole, Seeing is believing?:

Approaches to visual research.

Citeseer, 2004.

[33] I. Adrisijanti, “Arkeologi Perkotaan

Mataram Islam,” Penerbit Jendela

Yogyakarta, 2000.

[34] B. Brommer, E. Budihardjo, A. B.

Montens, S. Setiadi, A. Sidharta, and

A. Siswanto, Semarang. Nederland:

Asia Maior, 1995.

[35] L. T. Joe, Riwajat Semarang:(dari

djamannja sam poo sampre

terhapoesnja kongkoan). Ho Kim Yoe,

1933.

[36] A. Budiman, Semarang Riwajatmoe

Doeloe. Semarang: Tanjung Sari, 1978.

[37] I. Dewi and R. Sari, “Kota Lama

Semarang ” Situs Sejarah Yang

Terpinggirkan ‘ Old City Of

Semarang ’ The Abandoned Historical

Site,” Berk. Arkeol., vol. 32, no. 2, pp.

195–208, 2012.

[38] A. I. Masitha and Y. P. Heston,

“Rekognisi Bangunan dan Citra Kota,”

Semin. Nas. SCAN #6 "Finding Fifth

Elem. After Water, Earth, Wind. Fire”

Local Wisdom Cult. Sustain., no. 21

Mei 2015, pp. 259–270, 2015.

[39] H. Zhu, J. Qian, and Y. Gao,

“Globalization and the production of

city image in Guangzhou’s metro

station advertisements,” Cities, vol. 28,

no. 3, pp. 221–229, 2011.

[40] A. L. Müller, “Voices in the city. On

the role of arts, artists and urban space

for a just city,” Cities, vol. 91, no.

September 2017, pp. 49–57, 2019.

[41] E. H. Chapman and K. Lynch, “The

Image of the City,” J. Aesthet. Art

Crit., vol. 21, no. 1, p. 91, 1962.

[42] B. N. Prabowo and B. I. Harsritanto,

“Kota Lama Semarang Menuju Status

Pusaka Dunia Unesco: Apa Itu Status

World Heritage?,” Modul, vol. 18, no.

1, p. 51, 2018.

[43] A. Febbiyana and D. Suwandono,

“Penurunan Kampung Melayu Sebagai

Kawasan Cagar Budaya Kota

Semarang The Declining Vitality of

Kampung Melayu as the Heritage

Area in The City of Semarang,” vol. 2,

no. 4, 2016.

[44] D. Susanto, “Pola strategi dakwah

komunitas habaib di kampung melayu

semarang,” vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 159–185,

2014.

[45] L. T. Ling, “Raja Gula Oei Tiong

Ham,” vol. 11, no. 3, p. 312, 1979.

[46] Y. Kunio, “Oei Tiong Ham Concern :

The First Business Empire of

Southeast Asia Introduction,” vol. 27,

no. 2, pp. 137–155, 1989.

[47] S. Claudine, “Oei Tiong Ham

Concern : The First Business Empire

of Southeast Asia,” Archipel, vol. 41,

no. 1, pp. 201–203, 1991.

[48] R. Tarigan, “Kajian Historis dan

Morfologi Kampung – Kampung di

Sekitar Jalan Jagalan dan Jalan

Petudungan Semarang,” 2015.

参考文:


2

I hereby confirm that the manuscript was prepared in accordance with the instructions

for authors of scientific publications, and that the content of this manuscript, or most of

it, was not published in the journal indicated, and the manuscript was not submitted for

publication elsewhere.

11 / 7 / 2019

Signature of the Corresponding author Date

√


2018 年 4 月

DOI： 10. 3969/j.

issn. 0258-

2724.2018.___



Apr. 2018

Copyright Agreement

Manuscript title: THE GLORY OF SEMARANG COASTAL CITY IN THE PAST MULTI ETNIC

MERCHANTS AND DUTCH COMMERCE

Full names of all authors: R.Siti Rukayah, Muhammad Abdullah

Full name and address of the corresponding author:

R.Siti Rukayah

Telephone: 08122812825 Fax: _________________ Email: [email protected]

License Agreement

(1) Authors own all the copyright rights for the paper.

(2) Submitted manuscript is an original paper.

(3) Authors hereby grant the Issues of Journal of SWJTU with an exclusive, royalty-free, worldwide license to email the paper to all who will ask for it.

(4) All authors have made a significant contribution to the research and are ready to assume joint responsibility for the paper.

(5) All authors have seen and approved the manuscript in the final form as it is submitted for publication.

(6) This manuscript has not been published and also has neither been submitted nor considered for publication elsewhere

(7) The text, illustrations and any other materials, included into the manuscript, do not infringe any existing intellectual property rights or other rights of any person or entity.

(8) The editors of the Issues of Journal of SWJTU, its personnel or the Editorial Board members accept no responsibility for the quality of the idea expressed in this publication.

I am the Corresponding author and have full authority to enter into this agreement.

Full name, affiliation and position: R. Siti Rukayah, Architecture Departement, Diponegoro University, Vice Head of PhD Program Architecture and Urban Design Departement of

Architecture

Signature: Date: 7 November 2019


2018 年 4 月

DOI： 10. 3969/j.

issn. 0258-

2724.2018.___



Apr. 2018

Category. Please select from the approved list of the journal categories

THE GLORY OF SEMARANG COASTAL CITY IN THE PAST,




Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia, [email protected] b Indonesian literature, Diponegoro University


Figure 1. Semarang river estuary and new canal,

from atlas mutual heritage 1753, and KITLV ,1917.


1

Figure 2. Layur Mosque Tower at Semarang River and

Syahbandar Tower at New Canal . Source :KITLV


2

Figure 3. The multi-ethnic community in the Old Semarang River (yellow area) on a map in 1719,

Source: Author Analysis, KITLV, and mutual heritage atlas

3

Figure 4. Atlas of the construction of the railroad in Semarang as the first train in Indonesia and the Row of Buildings at

Kali Baru

Source: Analysis of the Author, KITLV and atlas mutual heritage


4

Figure 5. The city of Semarang at that time was based on overlapping sketch maps of 1695 on maps of 1719 and 1800.

the town consists of three districts namely the Malay kampong area, the old downtown area in Kanjengan and the

colonial fortress area.

Source : KITLV

5

Figure 6 . hand drawing scketch the city image of Semarang

the view tower

the first landing place of the ship

at kampung Darat Semarang

local government with alun-alun

(open space with 2 banyan trees), The mosque and government

office market along rivers side

Industrial estate and warehousing

according to oldmap 1917 consist of Oude Boom = Old Tree

Hosp. v. Inl Besmett Ziekten

Stoomzagerij N. I. H. sawmill uap

Goerderen Bureau N. I. S. = Biro Goerderen N. I. S.

Houtstapelplaats Javabosch = Wooden

piling place Javabosch

Pakhuizen Handel Maatschappij = Dutch Trading Company (Dutch

Langauge: De N. V. Nederlandsche

Handel-Maatschappy

Dagblad de Nieuwe Courant = Surat kabar harian the New Courant

the first railroad track in

Indonesia from inland to the

harbor

the Layur mosque tower which was

once a lighthouse tower

Berok Bridge

The Dutchfortress

city gate

The Dutch Commerce

The Multi Ethnic Traders

6. Review article - 1



[email protected] <[email protected]> Mon, Nov 11, 2019 at 12:57 AMTo: siti rukayah <[email protected]>Cc: [email protected]

Dear Dr.R.Siti Rukayah

1. Our editorial team has slightly updated the article template. See http://jsju.org/JournalTemplate.docx. See http://jsju.org/index.php/journal/about/submissions#authorGuidelines Please revise the article on the new template. 2. The English language of the paper needs academic editing and proofreading. We recommend that the authors use the academic text editing service for the scientific articles, but not just proofreading. Please use the AmericanEnglish option. We recommend the use of large, trusted companies with editors having a Ph.D. degree. You should also attach an editing certificate or use our editorial office services (EUR 200). Articles, that are not edited by native English speakers, are not allowed for publication. The editorial team provides academic proofreading servicesfor the authors at additional cost -250 eur. There will be 500 euros in total (English academic editing and Article Publication Charges). 3. Acceptance Letter will be emailed to the author within 3-5 days after the payment has been credited to our bank account.

If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us via [email protected].

Sincerely yours, Editorial Office of Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University[Quoted text hidden]

http://jsju.org/JournalTemplate.docx

http://jsju.org/index.php/journal/about/submissions#authorGuidelines


SKETSA-2

Highlight

7. Submit manuscript after revision 1

with the new template



siti rukayah <[email protected]> Mon, Nov 11, 2019 at 2:54 PMTo: [email protected]

Dear editor in chief

1. herewith attached the editing manuscript using the new template2. I need assistance from the editorial team academic for proofreading services, English academic editing, and Article Publication Charges (according to your previous email 500 euros in total )3. Please send me the Bank account for the payment.

Journal_Template_2019_the picture only 11 nov 2...

Journal_Template_2019_the manuscrip + picture 1...

Journal_Template_2019_the manuscrip only 11 nov...hank you for your kindness[Quoted text hidden]-- Vice Head of PhD Program[Quoted text hidden]

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kS4n-EQWBANKEbamZkXqko2LFUVMxdiF/view?usp=drive_web

https://drive.google.com/file/d/11GBJviYzuDkoS1I8Cjx2_HlDoKwbHeG4/view?usp=drive_web

https://drive.google.com/file/d/10-3BsX_ZDPK4wey-OQJ9eEFc4O1lyOh9/view?usp=drive_web

SKETSA-2

Highlight

西南交通大学学报

第 54 卷第 6 期

2019年 12 月 JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY

Vol. 54 No. 6

Dec. 2019

ISSN: 0258-2724 DOI：10.35741/issn.0258-2724.54.6….

Category Please select the type of your manuscript

(see Author Guidelines)

Category. Please select the most suitable field of scientific research

from the approved list of the journal categories

TYPE THE TITLE OF YOUR PAPER HERE








2


Syahbandar Tower at Baroe Semarang River . Source KITLV

Authors/ Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular TechnologyXX(20XX) XX-XX

3



4

Figure 4. Atlas of the construction of the railroad in Semarang as the first train in Indonesia and the Row

of Buildings at Kali Baru



5

Figure 5. The city of Semarang at that time was based on overlapping sketch maps of 1695 on maps of

1719 and 1800. the town consists of three districts namely the Malay kampong area, the old downtown

area in Kanjengan and the colonial fort area.

Source : KITLV

6


the first landing place of the ship at kampung Darat Semarang


(open space with 2 banyan trees),

The mosque and government office

market along rivers side


according to oldmap 1917 consist of

Oude Boom = Old Tree Hosp. v. Inl Besmett Ziekten


Goerderen Bureau N. I. S. = Biro

Goerderen N. I. S. Houtstapelplaats Javabosch = Wooden


Pakhuizen Handel Maatschappij =

Dutch Trading Company (Dutch Langauge: De N. V. Nederlandsche

Handel-Maatschappy

Dagblad de Nieuwe Courant = Surat

kabar harian the New Courant the first railroad track in Indonesia from inland to the

harbor



Berok Bridge

The Dutchfortress

city gate


The Dutch Commerce


7

running text. This makes it easier to edit your

text and format your equations before publication.

Remember to save your math equations as

editable text and not as images in case changes

need to be made before publication.

A. Terminology

Stay consistent with the terms you use.

Generally, short forms can be used once the full

term has been introduced:

• full terms versus acronyms (e.g.,

deoxyribonucleic acid versus DNA);

• English names versus Greek letters (e.g.,

alpha versus α); and

• species names versus short forms (e.g.,

Staphylococcus aureus versus S. aureus).

One way to ensure consistency is to use standard

scientific terminology. You can refer to the

following resources, but if you are not sure which

guidelines are preferred, check with your target

journal.

• For gene classification, use GeneCards, The

Mouse Genome Informatics Database, and/or

genenames.org.

• For chemical nomenclature, refer to the

International Union of Pure and Applied

Chemistry (IUPAC) Compendium of Chemical

Terminology (the Gold Book) and the IUPAC–

IUB Combined Commission on Biochemical

Nomenclature.

• For marine species names, use the World

Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) or the

European Register of Marine Species (ERMS).

Italics must be used correctly for scientific

terminology.

• Species names, which are usually in Greek

or Latin, are italicized (e.g., Staphylococcus

aureus).

• Genes are italicized, but proteins are not.

B. References

It is recommended to format Bibliographic

References using a reference manager, i.e.

Mendeley Endnotes or References in Harvard

style. The list of references should be arranged in

the order in which the sources are presented in

the paper (numbered citations). References

should be taken over the past five years. The

recommended minimum number of references is

20 entries. Before submitting the manuscript,

please check each citation in the text against the

References and vice-versa to ensure that they

match exactly. It is important to format the

references properly because all references will be

linked electronically as completely as possible to

the papers cited.

References should not include unpublished

source materials.

General guidelines should be observed for

formatting the text of the article. References to

Wikipedia, personal blogs or non-scientific

websites are not taken into account. Primary

References should make 80% of the cited sources,

at least 10 references. References should be taken

over the past five years. The recommended

minimum volume of references is 20 entries. At

least 70% of sources in References should

contain DOI indices. Be sure to verify the

correctness of the names of authors, pages and

titles of journals in the paper lists at

http://www.crossref.org/ (there is a search engine

box in the center on the page – copy the source

title into it and verify the correctness of the

References).

There are two types of references, i.e.

References to electronic resources and

http://www.crossref.org/

First author et al. / Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University/ Vol.__ No._Dec. 2019

8

References to non-electronic resources. Examples

of specific referencing by two types are given

below:

• Book: AUTHOR, Title. No. of Edition,

Editor, City, State or Country: Publishing

house, year, Pages. [1]

• Part of a book: AUTHOR, “Title”, in Book,

edition, editor, City, State or Country:

Publishing house, year, Pages. [2]

• Periodicals: AUTHOR, “Title”, Journal,

volume (issue), pages, month, year. [3], [4],

[5]

• Proceedings of the Conferences: Author,

“Title”, in Conference, year, pages. [6]

• Unpublished papers: Author, “Title”,

presented at the Conference/ name of the

event, City, State or Country, year. [7]

• Patent/Standard: Author, “Title”, Patent

number, day of the month, year. [8]

• Technical report: Author, “Title”, Company,

City, State or Country, Tech. Rep. No.,

month, year. [9]

References to electronic resources must

necessarily be accompanied by three types of

information: 1) protocol or department; 2) the

place where you can find the given unit; and 3)

the link to the source. An example of the correct

referencing for electronic resources is given

below:

• Book: AUTHOR. (year, day of the month)

Title. (edition) [Type of information carrier].

volume (issue). Access: site/path/file. [10]

• Periodicals: AUTHOR. (year, month) Title.

Journal. [Type of information carrier].

volume (issue), pages. Access: site/path/file.

[11]

• Papers presented at the Conferences:

AUTHOR. (year) Title. Presented at the

Conference (title). [Type of information

carrier]. Access: site/path/file. [12]

• Reports and Guidelines: AUTHOR. (year)

Title. Company. City, State or Country.

[Type of information carrier]. Access:

site/path/file. [13]

• Patent/Standard: Author. (year) Title, Patent

number. [8]

• Technical report: Author. (year) Title.

Company, City, State or Country, Tech. Rep.

No. [9]

•

C. Title bar, Running title, and Hyperlink

It is not allowed to use the upper and lower

running title, including pagination. All hypertext

references and all bookmarks to sections will be

removed from paper. If you need to refer to an e-

mail address or URL in your paper, you should

type the address or URL in full in Regular font

II. CONCLUSION The Editors ask authors not to change the

formatting and style of the plan, which is

presented in this template. If you have any

questions regarding the submission of the articles,

please visit the main page of the journal or

contact the secretariat by e-mail.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT The guidelines for citing electronic

information as offered here are in modified

illustration of the adaptation by the International

Standards Organization (ISO) documentation

system and the American Psychological

Association style (APA), which is set out in the

section Information for IEEE Transactions,

Journals and Letters to Editor.

REFERENCES

[1] Zaharia, R. M. &Grundey, D. (2011).

Corporate Social Responsibility in the

Context of Financial Crisis: A Comparison

between Romania and Lithuania. Amfiteatru

Economic, 13(29), pp. 195-206.

[2] SEIDMAN, S. (2012) Contested

knowledge. 5th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey:

Wiley-Blackwell.

[3] LIGHT, G., COX, R. and CALKIN, S.

(2009) Learning and teaching in higher

education: the reflective professional. 2nd

ed. London: Sage.

[4] SHAW, R. et al. (2011) Management

essentials for doctors. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

[5] SCHAEFFER, N.C, and PRESSER S.

(2003) The science of asking questions.

Annual Review of Sociology, 29 (1), pp. 65-

88.

[6] TUCKMAN, A. (2009) Labour, skills and

training. In: LEVITT, R. et al. (eds.) There

organised National Health Service. 7th ed.

Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes, pp. 135-155.

[7] MAIMON, D. and BROWNING, C.R.

(2012) Adolescents’ violent victimization in

the neighbourhood: situational and

contextual determinants. British journal of

criminology, 52 (4), pp. 808-833.

[8] STAMM, M.C. et al. (2013) Information

forensics: an overview of the first decade.

9

IEEE Access, 1. Available from

http://www.ieee.org/IEEEAccess. [9] CHAN, T.M. (2011) Three problems

about dynamic convex hulls. In: Proceedings

of the 27th Annual Symposium on

Computational Geometry, Paris, June 2011.

New York: ACM, pp. 27-37.

[10] Environment Act 2005 (c. 25). London:

The Stationery Office.

[11] BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTE

(2008) BS ISO 8178-2: Reciprocating

internal combustion engines – exhaust

emission measurement. London: British

Standards Institute.

[12] FENG, W. (2010) Remote service

provision for connected homes. Unpublished

thesis (PhD.), De Montfort University.

[13] NHS (2012) Mobile phone safety.

[Online] NHS. Available from:

http://www.nhs.co.uk/conditions/Mobile-

phone-safety/Pages/Introduction.aspx

[Accessed 08/08/12].

[14] KESNER, R.P. (2002) Memory

neurobiology. In: RAMACHANDRAN, V.S.

(ed.) Encyclopedia of the human brain, Vol.

2. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 783-796.

参考文:

http://www.ieee.org/IEEEAccess


第 54 卷第 6 期


Vol. 54 No. 6

Dec. 2019

ISSN: 0258-2724 DOI：10.35741/issn.0258-2724.54.6….







R.Siti Rukayah 1a,*, Muhammad Abdullah2




Abstract The Image of the City describes how individuals perceive and recall features in urban spaces.

Recently, computational techniques using to test that theory on a large-scale city. But, the old city in the

14-18 century was not as complicated as today. How to reveal the image of the old city? Based on hand

drawing sketch technique enabling to uncover the image city in the past. Old data such as map,

photography, and video are integrated to reconstruct the Image of the City. Semarang city, Central Java,

Indonesia, well known as Venetia van Java, as sugar industry in Asia, and as the city that has the first

railway track in Indonesia. We illustrate the old building in the port- along the two river estuaries and the

meeting point of the rivers. Our method allows to improve individual perceive in urban space that cannot

to use to uncover the condition in the past and to substitute computational technique that present only the

block mass building so cannot expose the detailed. The result reveal that the name of Semarang port in

river estuary, Tanjung Emas -cape of the gold- implies the glory of Semarang played important role in the

pre-colonial and colonial eras comparing to another city port in Java. New research results as a tool to

evaluate the city transportation facilities for urban planners, watershed services that no longer use in the

present day. Urban planning along the river in the past also can be revitalized for tourism purposes.


摘要

关键词:

I. INTRODUCTION In 1960, Kevin Lynch published The Image of

the City [1], one of the most influential theories

in the formation of city images. City image

research continues to grow, along with the







2

































Dutch East Indies Company. The heart and


To bring some crops from interior Java they built

the first railroad route in Indonesia. The












































59). The old port near Malay village di Semarang

river estuary experienced siltation. However, to

expedite trading activities, the Dutch government

built a new canal to the new port. The siltation

still process, so that port also experienced silting

until the Dutch government made the modern

port in Tanjung Emas port-cape of gold.



















archeology. [16].

II.RESEARCH AIM The remaining area of the past glory is now

partially lost due to geological disasters on the

North coast of Java that occurred since the 8th

century. [17]. Sedimentation, rob, and land




3

[18][19]–[22]. This paper aims to uncover the

glory of the city of Semarang in the past

II. LITERATURE REVIEW Lynch theory describes how individuals

perceive and recall features in urban spaces. The

distinctive elements in the urban landscape -

categorised in paths, nodes, edges, districts and

landmarks - give shape to individuals' mental

representation of the city. [1] Lynch’s approach

has stimulated research into spatial cognition,

urban design and artificial intelligence, and it still

represents an essential pillar in the analysis of

urban dynamics. A complete computational

approach to The Image of the City was presented

and tested on a large Boston city. it was difficult

to find a common ground concerning landmarks.

The complexity of human cognition and

perception cannot be fully captured with a

computational approach. [2]


heritage, and grounded research, the research




















languages. [25]

III. METHODS The old data about architectural building




















in 1678 [31].











estuary [34].




IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The path element became the first element

to reconstruct the image of Semarang city in the

past because the river was the only transportation

route. Based on photos and maps from 1917, the

canal has length of 1180 meters and a width of 23

meters. [35]. The file elements that are very

prominent formed the city image of Semarang in

the past are:

A. Paths




interrelated [1]





















4








Figure 1. Havenkanal development, Semarang estuary into

two, from atlas mutual heritage KITLV 1753 and 1917

B. Landmarks












cities [40].






















top of the tower.


Syahbandar Tower at Baroe Semarang River from KITLV

C. Edges





unite. [1]


















Merchant character

5

Figure 3. The multi-ethnic com

munity in the Old Semarang River (yellow area) on a map in

1719, Source: Author Analysis, KITLV, and mutual heritage atlas












A0)






















Figure 4. Atlas of the construction of the railroad in

Semarang as the first train in Indonesia and the Row of Buildings at Kali Baru Source: Analysis of the Author,

KITLV and atlas mutual heritage











components. [1]









1917.




6

Figure 5. The city of Semarang at that time was based on

overlapping sketch maps of 1695 on maps of 1719 and 1800. the town consists of three districts namely the Malay

kampong area, the old downtown area in Kanjengan and the

colonial fort area.

Figure 6. Industrial estate and warehousing according to old map

1917 consist of , Source: Analysis of the Author














V. CONCLUSION Using the hand drawing sketch can be

concluded that:

1. The driving force of economic activity in

the port in old river estuary is the local economy

and ethnic muti traders. This can be seen from

the presence of the architectural building

heritages that indicate multi -ethnic[1].

2. The architectural building heritage in the











The city images using hand drawing sketch

captures messages and meanings that Semarang

in the past was a big city and has economic

activity lead by multi ethnic traders and then by

Dutch commerce. Picture send message more

compared to written and spoken languages. [25]

Apparently, it was not wrong to give the name

of the golden cape because Semarang had a glory

from the port of Mataram era, Cheng Ho's


colonial period.




port) as the tower at the new canal estuary (Kali

Baroe) and the sugar warehouses owned by Oei

Tiong Ham (one of the Asian conglomerates of

his era) as the shaper of the image of the new

canal. The meeting point of two estuaries

becomes a node with the nickname Sleko (Dutch),

which means the city gate.The image of the glory

of Semarang lost due to the problem of land

subsidence.

Urban planning in the past, based on the river

as transportation, resulted in the architecture and


local government with alun-alun (open

space with 2 banyan trees), The mosque and government office market along

rivers side

Oude Boom = Old Tree Hosp. v. Inl Besmett Ziekten Stoomzagerij N. I. H. sawmill uap


Houtstapelplaats Javabosch = Wooden piling place Javabosch


Dutch Trading Company (Dutch

Langauge: De N. V. Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappy


the first railroad track in Indonesia from inland to the harbor

the Layur mosque tower which was once a lighthouse tower

Berok Bridge

The Dutchfortress

city gate

The Dutch

Commerce


7






in the future.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Researchers would like to thank the the

research and community service institutions of

Universitas Diponegoro, and the Ministry of

Research and Technology for providing grants

for Higher Education Applied Research in 2019

No. 101-138 / UN7.P4.3 / PP 2019. Researchers

would like to thank the Semarang City Spatial

Planning Office and the Central Java Marine

Service for providing data assistance on

Semarang river activities

REFERENCES

[1] K. Lynch, The Image of The City.

London: The M.I.T. Press

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cambridge, Massachusetts, and, 1960.





no. December 2018, pp. 14–25, 2019.














2015.






175, 2009.





Centuries ?,” vol. 1, pp. 1–205, 2007.

























1, 2018.







2017, 2018, pp. 0–8.






Feb-1869.




vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 155–174, 2014.










8

37, 2009.





Science 55 (2017) 012054, 2017.






vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 26–41, 2013.






technique,” pp. 909–921, 2010.






September 2011, pp. 19–23, 2012.



1, pp. 1–29, 2015.





2010.
























vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 0–8, 2018.




vol. 1, pp. 10–18, 2009.










36, 2013.



Citeseer, 2004.



Yogyakarta, 2000.




Asia Maior, 1995.




1933.








195–208, 2012.






Mei 2015, pp. 259–270, 2015.





no. 3, pp. 221–229, 2011.


9



September 2017, pp. 49–57, 2019.





1, p. 51, 2018.







no. 4, 2016.




2014.


Ham,” vol. 11, no. 3, p. 312, 1979.




no. 2, pp. 137–155, 1989.




no. 1, pp. 201–203, 1991.







Crit., vol. 21, no. 1, p. 91, 1962.

参考文:


第 54 卷第 6 期


Vol. 54 No. 6

Dec. 2019

COVER LETTER

Title of the manuscript

THE GLORY OF SEMARANG COASTAL CITY IN THE PAST, MULTI ETNIC MERCHANTS AND DUTCH COMMERCE Abstract

The Image of the City describes how individuals perceive and recall features in urban

spaces. Recently, computational techniques using to test that theory on a large-scale city.

But, the old city in the 14-18 century was not as complicated as today. How to reveal the

image of the old city? Based on hand drawing sketch technique enabling to uncover the

image city in the past. Old data such as map, photography, and video are integrated to

reconstruct the Image of the City. Semarang city, Central Java, Indonesia, well known as

Venetia van Java, as sugar industry in Asia, and as the city that has the first railway track

in Indonesia. We illustrate the old building in the port- along the two river estuaries and

the meeting point of the rivers. Our method allows to improve individual perceive in

urban space that cannot to use to uncover the condition in the past and to substitute

computational technique that present only the block mass building so cannot expose the

detailed. The result reveal that the name of Semarang port in river estuary, Tanjung Emas

-cape of the gold- implies the glory of Semarang played important role in the pre-colonial

and colonial eras comparing to another city port in Java. New research results as a tool to

evaluate the city transportation facilities for urban planners, watershed services that no

longer use in the present day. Urban planning along the river in the past also can be

revitalized for tourism purposes..

Keywords river transportation, rail train , Semarang, Colonial, multi-ethnic

Type of manuscript (please specify):

Regular article

Review article

Brief report

Short communication

Research note

Full name and address of the Corresponding author

[email protected]

Telephone# 08122812825

Fax#

Email [email protected], [email protected]




2





11 / 7 / 2019



3

Copyright Agreement





R.Siti Rukayah

Telephone: 08122812825 Fax: _________________ Email: [email protected], [email protected]

License Agreement










Full name, affiliation and position: R. Siti Rukayah, Architecture Departement, Diponegoro University, Vice Head of PhD Program Architecture and Urban Design Departement of Architecture





第 54 卷第 6 期


Vol. 54 No. 6

Dec. 2019

ISSN: 0258-2724 DOI：10.35741/issn.0258-2724.54.6….


























摘要

关键词:







2













































































































archeology. [16].



3













































languages. [25]





















in 1678 [31].











estuary [34].











the past are:

A. Paths




interrelated [1]















4














B. Landmarks












cities [40].






















top of the tower.

C. Edges





unite. [1]


















Merchant character












A0)




























5







components. [1]









1917.















concluded that:



















in the past was a big city and has economyc








colonial period.












subsidence.








in the future.











REFERENCES




Cambridge, Massachusetts, and, 1960. [2] G. Filomena, J. A. Verstegen, E.




no. December 2018, pp. 14–25, 2019.






6










2015.






175, 2009.





Centuries ?,” vol. 1, pp. 1–205, 2007.

























1, 2018.







2017, 2018, pp. 0–8.






Feb-1869.




vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 155–174, 2014.









37, 2009.





Science 55 (2017) 012054, 2017.






vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 26–41, 2013.






technique,” pp. 909–921, 2010.






September 2011, pp. 19–23, 2012.



1, pp. 1–29, 2015.





2010.


7























vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 0–8, 2018.




vol. 1, pp. 10–18, 2009.










36, 2013.



Citeseer, 2004.



Yogyakarta, 2000.




Asia Maior, 1995.




1933.








195–208, 2012.






Mei 2015, pp. 259–270, 2015.





no. 3, pp. 221–229, 2011.




September 2017, pp. 49–57, 2019.





1, p. 51, 2018.







no. 4, 2016.




2014.


Ham,” vol. 11, no. 3, p. 312, 1979.




no. 2, pp. 137–155, 1989.




no. 1, pp. 201–203, 1991.






8



Crit., vol. 21, no. 1, p. 91, 1962.

参考文:


第 54 卷第 6 期


Vol. 54 No. 6

Dec. 2019

COVER LETTER


THE GLORY OF SEMARANG COASTAL CITY IN THE PAST MULTI ETNIC MERCHANTS AND DUTCH COMMERCE Abstract

Abstract The Image of the City Lynch describes how individuals perceive and recall

features in urban spaces. Lynch's approach is categorized in paths, nodes, edges, districts,

and landmarks - give shape to individuals' mental representation of the city. Recently, to

test that theory on a large scale city requires high accuracy to understand a city. So, it

requires tools such as computational techniques using the GIS system. The city of the 14-

18 century was not as complicated as Lynch had done in the 1960s. How to reveal the

image of the city? The Image of the city in the past has not been explored yet. To explore

the glory of Semarang city, Central Java, Indonesia, as Venetia van Java, sugar industry in

Asia, and has the first railway track in Indonesia, can still using hand drawing sketch to

reconstruct the image of an old city. Old data such as map, photography, and video are

integrated to reconstruct the Image of the City in the past. Recently, the name of port of

Semarang, Tanjung Emas -cape of gold- implies the glory of Semarang. The Semarang

seaport played an important role in the pre-colonial and colonial eras. The architecture

building heritage at the two river estuary of the Semarang coast uncover the history of

naming the ‘cape of Gold". The river as transportation lines and trains as the path is

important as a tool to evaluate the city transportation facilities for urban planners,

watershed services, and urban conservation.



Regular article

Review article

Brief report

Short communication

Research note


[email protected]


Fax#

Email [email protected]


2





11 / 7 / 2019



3

Copyright Agreement





R.Siti Rukayah

Telephone: 08122812825 Fax: _________________ Email:

License Agreement











Architecture


8. Invoice submission from editor



[email protected] <[email protected]> Mon, Nov 11, 2019 at 3:57 PMTo: siti rukayah <[email protected]>

Dear Authors,

Your paper was accepted for publication in Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, Volume 54 (6), 2019.

Payment deadline is November 15, 2019. Please send photo of the transaction receipt.

The article will be published online within 2 months from the date of payment. We will send you a letter of acceptance in 1 day after receiving thepayment.

We thank you for your contribution and support!

Yours sincerely, 教授翟万明 / Professor Zhai Wanming / Editor in Chief Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

Quoting siti rukayah <[email protected]>:

Dear editor in chief 1. herewith attached the editing manuscript using the new template 2. I need assistance from the editorial team academic for proofreading services, English academic editing, and Article Publication Charges (according to your previous email 500 euros in total ) 3. Please send me the Bank account for the payment. Journal_Template_2019_the picture only 11 nov 2... <https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kS4n-EQWBANKEbamZkXqko2LFUVMxdiF/view?usp=drive_web> Journal_Template_2019_the manuscrip + picture 1... <https://drive.google.com/file/d/11GBJviYzuDkoS1I8Cjx2_HlDoKwbHeG4/view?usp=drive_web> Journal_Template_2019_the manuscrip only 11 nov... <https://drive.google.com/file/d/10-3BsX_ZDPK4wey-OQJ9eEFc4O1lyOh9/view?usp=drive_web>[Quoted text hidden]

Invoice epaymants_R. Siti Rukayah.pdf 219K


https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kS4n-EQWBANKEbamZkXqko2LFUVMxdiF/view?usp=drive_web

https://drive.google.com/file/d/11GBJviYzuDkoS1I8Cjx2_HlDoKwbHeG4/view?usp=drive_web

https://drive.google.com/file/d/10-3BsX_ZDPK4wey-OQJ9eEFc4O1lyOh9/view?usp=drive_web

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/2?ui=2&ik=c62b9a954d&view=att&th=16e59ae56684c74f&attid=0.1&disp=attd&safe=1&zw

SKETSA-2

Highlight

Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University


ISSN: 0258-2724

Bill to: R. Siti Rukayah

Invoice № 710 – JSJU

Date: October 7, 2019

Amount: EUR 500

Description Amount

English academic editing and Article Publication Charges EUR 500

Total: EUR 500

Methods for Payment

Via Bank

Transfer:

It should be ensured that all transaction fees are paid at your end and that

we receive the net amount.

Title of Account: Monblan LLC

Account No: GB89EPMT00997261224781

Bank Name: Epayments Systems Limited

Full Addres of Bank: 91 Wimpole Street, London W1G 0EF,

United Kingdom

SWIFT Code: EPMTGB2L

Details of Payments: Invoice 710 – JSJU

Please fill in the payment document STRICTLY ACCORDING TO THE SPECIFIED

PAYMENT DETAILS. The payment is credited automatically. In case of incorrect filling,

the payment will be returned to you.

9. Payment of articles



siti rukayah <[email protected]> Wed, Nov 13, 2019 at 12:28 PMTo: [email protected]

Dear Professor Zhai Wanming / Editor in Chief Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

Herewith attached the proof of payment for Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University Volume 54 (6), 2019Thank You

[Quoted text hidden]

3 attachments

img001.jpg 512K

img002.jpg 566K

img003.jpg 1827K

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/2?ui=2&ik=c62b9a954d&view=att&th=16e633c771dfc58b&attid=0.1&disp=inline&realattid=f_k2wudlzp0&safe=1&zw

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/2?ui=2&ik=c62b9a954d&view=att&th=16e633c771dfc58b&attid=0.2&disp=inline&realattid=f_k2wudm1f1&safe=1&zw

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/2?ui=2&ik=c62b9a954d&view=att&th=16e633c771dfc58b&attid=0.3&disp=inline&realattid=f_k2wudm1h2&safe=1&zw

SKETSA-2

Highlight

10. Manuscript submission by:

1. Manuscript template with pictures

2. The template is a script only

3. The template is an image only


paper for JSJU 54 (6) 2019 1 message

siti rukayah <[email protected]> Thu, Nov 28, 2019 at 9:53 AMTo: [email protected]

Dear professor Zhai Wanming

Herewith attached the paper for JSJU December 2019

for Vol. 54 (6) 2019

Thank You for your kindness

Journal_Template_2019_paper & picture.rtf

Journal_Template_2019_the manuscrip only 11 nov...

picture only 8 nov 2019.docx-- Vice Head of PhD ProgramArchitecture and Urban Design Department ArchitectureUniversitas DiponegoroSemarang- Indonesia

https://drive.google.com/file/d/15cB0aVyV7KlisDVFxV2N8IUpWD3zt73w/view?usp=drive_web

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E_eBDCe3kohzAMdnVSQejBfnIlsKKyHx/view?usp=drive_web

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kqjh_Y8sMsgy0wUFZWNfNBBk8VMv0-92/view?usp=drive_web

SKETSA-2

Highlight


第 54 卷第 6 期


Vol. 54 No. 6

Dec. 2019

ISSN: 0258-2724 DOI：10.35741/issn.0258-2724.54.6….











Abstract The Image of the City Lynch describes how individuals perceive and recall features in urban spaces.

Lynch's approach is categorized in paths, nodes, edges, districts, and landmarks - give shape to



system. The city of the 14-18 century was not as complicated as Lynch had done in the 1960s. How to

reveal the image of the city? The Image of the city in the past has not been explored yet. To explore the

glory of Semarang city, Central Java, Indonesia, as Venetia van Java, sugar industry in Asia, and has the

first railway track in Indonesia, can still using hand drawing sketch to reconstruct the image of an old

city. Old data such as map, photography, and video are integrated to reconstruct the Image of the City in

the past. Recently, the name of port of Semarang, Tanjung Emas -cape of gold- implies the glory of

Semarang. The Semarang seaport played an important role in the pre-colonial and colonial eras. The

architecture building heritage at the two-river estuary of the Semarang coast uncover the history of

naming the ‘cape of Gold". The river as transportation lines and trains as the path is important as a tool to

evaluate the city transportation facilities for urban planners, watershed services, and urban conservation.


摘要

关键词:









2











































on the North coast of Java that occurred since the

8th century. [7]. Sedimentation, rob, and land




[8][9]–[12]. This paper aims to uncover the glory

of the city of Semarang in the past and reveal that

cultural heritage at risk.




























































archeology. [22].





3


















languages. [25]






heritage. The old maps are taken from 1695,

1719, 1875, 1880, 1888, and 1892. Map of the

first railroad network in Indonesia in Semarang

and the map on 1907 became a tool for analyzing

industrial networks from the interior to the river

estuary











in 1678 [30].

The historical approach by reading maps










estuary [34].




III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The path element became the first element







the past are:

A. Paths




interrelated [1]




























two, from atlas mutual heritage 1753 and KITLV 1917.


4

B. Landmarks












cities [40].






















top of the tower.



C. Edges





unite. [1]


















Merchant character

Figure 3. The multi-ethnic com

munity in the Old Semarang River (yellow area) on a map in

1719, Source: Author Analysis, KITLV, and mutual heritage

atlas

5












A0)























Semarang as the first train in Indonesia and the Row of

Buildings at Kali Baru Source: Analysis of the Author,

KITLV and atlas mutual heritage











components. [1]









1917.

Figure 6. Industrial estate and warehousing according to old map

1917 , Source: Analysis of the Author











local government with alun-alun (open space with 2 banyan trees), The mosque

and government office market along rivers side

Oude Boom = Old Tree Hosp. v. Inl Besmett Ziekten

Stoomzagerij N. I. H. sawmill uap Goerderen Bureau N. I. S. = Biro Goerderen N.

I. S. Houtstapelplaats Javabosch = Wooden piling

place Javabosch Pakhuizen Handel Maatschappij =

Dutch Trading Company (Dutch Langauge: De N. V. Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappy


the first railroad track in Indonesia from

inland to the harbor

the Layur mosque tower which was once a lighthouse tower

Berok Bridge

The Dutchfortress

city gate




6





E. The Golden Cape








Apparently, it was not wrong to give the

name of the golden cape because Semarang had a

glory from the port of Mataram era, Cheng Ho's


colonial period.

IV. CONCLUSION Using the hand drawing sketch can be

concluded that:

















The city images are often the language that often

captures messages and meanings compared to

written and spoken languages. [25]







as the shaper of the image of the new canal. The

meeting point of two estuaries becomes a node

with the nickname Sleko (Dutch), which means

the city gate.The image of the glory of Semarang









in the future.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Researchers would like to thank the research

and community service institutions of Universitas








activities

REFERENCES

[1] K. Lynch, The image of the city, vol.

11. MIT press, 1960.





no. December 2018, pp. 14–25, 2019.














2015.






175, 2009.





Centuries ?,” vol. 1, pp. 1–205, 2007.

7









37, 2009.





Science 55 (2017) 012054, 2017.






vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 26–41, 2013.






technique,” pp. 909–921, 2010.






September 2011, pp. 19–23, 2012.

























1, 2018.







2017, 2018, pp. 0–8.






Feb-1869.




vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 155–174, 2014.



1, pp. 1–29, 2015.





2010.






















vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 0–8, 2018.


8




vol. 1, pp. 10–18, 2009.










36, 2013.





Citeseer, 2004.



Yogyakarta, 2000.




Asia Maior, 1995.




1933.








195–208, 2012.






Mei 2015, pp. 259–270, 2015.





no. 3, pp. 221–229, 2011.




September 2017, pp. 49–57, 2019.



Crit., vol. 21, no. 1, p. 91, 1962.





1, p. 51, 2018.







no. 4, 2016.




2014.


Ham,” vol. 11, no. 3, p. 312, 1979.




no. 2, pp. 137–155, 1989.




no. 1, pp. 201–203, 1991.





参考文:


第 54 卷第 6 期


Vol. 54 No. 6

Dec. 2019

COVER LETTER


THE GLORY OF SEMARANG COASTAL CITY IN THE PAST, MULTI ETNIC MERCHANTS AND DUTCH COMMERCE Abstract














building heritage at the two-river estuary of the Semarang coast uncover the history of






Regular article

Review article

Brief report

Short communication

Research note


[email protected]


Fax#



2





11 / 7 / 2019



3

Copyright Agreement





R.Siti Rukayah


License Agreement











Architecture



第 54 卷第 6 期


Vol. 54 No. 6

Dec. 2019

ISSN: 0258-2724 DOI：10.35741/issn.0258-2724.54.6….


























摘要

关键词:







2













































































































archeology. [16].



3













































languages. [25]





















in 1678 [31].











estuary [34].











the past are:

A. Paths




interrelated [1]















4














B. Landmarks












cities [40].






















top of the tower.

C. Edges





unite. [1]


















Merchant character












A0)




























5







components. [1]









1917.















concluded that:



















in the past was a big city and has economyc








colonial period.












subsidence.








in the future.











REFERENCES




Cambridge, Massachusetts, and, 1960. [2] G. Filomena, J. A. Verstegen, E.




no. December 2018, pp. 14–25, 2019.






6










2015.






175, 2009.





Centuries ?,” vol. 1, pp. 1–205, 2007.

























1, 2018.







2017, 2018, pp. 0–8.






Feb-1869.




vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 155–174, 2014.









37, 2009.





Science 55 (2017) 012054, 2017.






vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 26–41, 2013.






technique,” pp. 909–921, 2010.






September 2011, pp. 19–23, 2012.



1, pp. 1–29, 2015.





2010.


7























vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 0–8, 2018.




vol. 1, pp. 10–18, 2009.










36, 2013.



Citeseer, 2004.



Yogyakarta, 2000.




Asia Maior, 1995.




1933.








195–208, 2012.






Mei 2015, pp. 259–270, 2015.





no. 3, pp. 221–229, 2011.




September 2017, pp. 49–57, 2019.





1, p. 51, 2018.







no. 4, 2016.




2014.


Ham,” vol. 11, no. 3, p. 312, 1979.




no. 2, pp. 137–155, 1989.




no. 1, pp. 201–203, 1991.






8



Crit., vol. 21, no. 1, p. 91, 1962.

参考文:


第 54 卷第 6 期


Vol. 54 No. 6

Dec. 2019

COVER LETTER


THE GLORY OF SEMARANG COASTAL CITY IN THE PAST MULTI ETNIC MERCHANTS AND DUTCH COMMERCE Abstract














building heritage at the two river estuary of the Semarang coast uncover the history of






Regular article

Review article

Brief report

Short communication

Research note


[email protected]


Fax#



2





11 / 7 / 2019



3

Copyright Agreement





R.Siti Rukayah


License Agreement











Architecture



2018 年 4 月

DOI： 10. 3969/j.

issn. 0258-

2724.2018.___



Apr. 2018

Category. Please select from the approved list of the journal categories










1


Syahbandar Tower at New Canal . Source :KITLV


2



3

Figure 4. Atlas of the construction of the railroad in Semarang as the first train in Indonesia and the Row of Buildings at

Kali Baru



4

Figure 5. The city of Semarang at that time was based on overlapping sketch maps of 1695 on maps of 1719 and 1800.

the town consists of three districts namely the Malay kampong area, the old downtown area in Kanjengan and the

colonial fortress area.

Source : KITLV

5


the view tower

the first landing place of the ship

at kampung Darat Semarang


(open space with 2 banyan trees), The mosque and government

office market along rivers side


according to oldmap 1917 consist of Oude Boom = Old Tree




Houtstapelplaats Javabosch = Wooden


Pakhuizen Handel Maatschappij = Dutch Trading Company (Dutch

Langauge: De N. V. Nederlandsche

Handel-Maatschappy


the first railroad track in

Indonesia from inland to the

harbor



Berok Bridge

The Dutchfortress

city gate

The Dutch Commerce


11. Review article – 2

Direction from the editor


URGENT!

[email protected] <[email protected]> Sat, Jan 4, 2020 at 4:00 PMTo: [email protected]: [email protected]

Dear authors, please answer the editor's questions immediately. Regards!

THE GLORY OF SEMARANG COASTAL CITY IN THE PAST.doc 3334K

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/2?ui=2&ik=c62b9a954d&view=att&th=16f6fc87f15bb0a9&attid=0.1&disp=attd&safe=1&zw

SKETSA-2

Highlight


第 54 卷第 6 期


Vol. 54 No. 6

Dec. 2019

ISSN: 0258-2724 DOI：10.35741/issn.0258-2724.54.6….

Research Article

Architecture

THE GLORY OF SEMARANG COASTAL CITY IN THE PAST, MULTI-

ETHNIC MERCHANTS AND DUTCH COMMERCE

过去，多民族贸易和荷兰商业中三宝垄沿海城市的荣耀

R. Siti Rukayah a, *, Muhammad Abdullah b

a Architecture Departement, Diponegoro University

Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia, [email protected] b Indonesian Literature, Diponegoro University


Abstract In The Image of the City, Lynch describes how individuals perceive and recall features in urban

spaces. Lynch's approach is categorized by paths, nodes, edges, districts, and landmarks – giving shape to



system. The cities of the 14th-18th centuries were not as complicated as the ones Lynch was dealing with

in the 1960s. How do you reveal the image of the city? The image of the city in the past had not been

explored yet. To explore the glory of Semarang city, Central Java, Indonesia, as Venetia van Java, which

has the sugar industry in Asia, and the first railway track in Indonesia, you can still use hand-drawn

sketches to reconstruct the image of the old city. Old data such as maps, photographs, and videos are

integrated to reconstruct the image of the city in the past. Recently, the name of port of Semarang,

Tanjung Emas – cape of gold – implies the glory of Semarang. The Semarang seaport played an

important role in the pre-colonial and colonial eras. The architectural heritage at the two-river estuary of

the Semarang coast uncovers the history of naming it the ‘cape of gold’. The river serves as roads and

train lines, as the path is important as a tool to evaluate the city transportation facilities for urban

planners, watershed services, and urban conservation.

Keywords: River Transportation, Rail Train, Semarang, Colonial, Multi-Ethnic

摘要在《城市形象》中，林奇描述了人们如何感知和回忆城市空间中的特征。林奇的方法按路径

，节点，边缘，地区和地标分类-塑造了个人对城市的心理表现。最近，要在一个大型城市上测试

该理论，需要很高的准确度才能理解一个城市。因此，它需要使用地理信息系统系统的工具，例

如计算技术。 14至 18世纪的城市并不像林奇在 1960年代处理的城市那样复杂。您如何展现城市



Rukayah and Abdullah / Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University/ Vol.54 No.6 Dec. 2019 2

形象？过去尚未探索过这座城市的形象。要探索印度尼西亚中爪哇省三宝垄市的荣耀，就像拥有

亚洲制糖业和印度尼西亚第一条铁路轨道的威尼斯范爪哇一样，您仍然可以使用手绘草图来重建

旧城区的图像。整合了诸如地图，照片和视频之类的旧数据，以重建过去的城市形象。最近，三

宝垄港口的名字丹戎·埃玛斯（金角）象征着三宝垄的荣耀。三宝垄海港在前殖民时代和殖民时代

起着重要作用。三宝垄海岸两河口的建筑遗产揭示了将其命名为“金海角”的历史。河流充当道

路和火车线，因为这条道路对于评估城市规划者，分水岭服务和城市保护区的城市交通设施至关

重要。

关键词: 内河运输，铁路，三宝垄，殖民地，多民族







of a large scale that requires presentation and




cities in the past are not that complicated



representation of a city image in the past is still a


Coastal cities have become the focus of

research today because of the issue of coastal

disasters, such as rising seawater and land

subsidence [3]. The disasters require handling,

especially in historic areas [4]. Some historic

coastal areas emerged due to the development of

trade since prehistoric times in the Southeast

Asian region. The Asian region has attracted the

presence of traders from Arab-Persia to the

archipelago in addition to traders from India and

China [5]. The location of Indonesia attracted

explorers of the world to trade or transit even for

a stopover [6].



heritage that is scattered along the coast of





created a city to resemble the Netherlands using

canals for transportation. Semarang city is well

known as the Venetia van Java.

They chose Semarang because of its position

precisely in the centre of Java. So, the ports on



Dutch East Indies Company. It was the heart and


To bring some crops from interior Java, they built


development of sugarcane and coffee gave rise to

the Asian conglomerate in its era.



on the North coast of Java that have occurred

since the 8th century [7]. Sedimentation and land

subsidence have caused heritage areas to become

submerged in water. Some big cities such as

Jakarta, Surabaya, and Semarang are also

predicted to sink [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. This

paper aims to uncover the glory of the city of

Semarang in the past and reveal that its cultural

heritage is at risk.

The city of Semarang, based on maps from

1719 and 1800, consisted of three districts,

namely the Malay village area, the old downtown

area in Kanjengan, and the colonial fortress area.

Semarang Map Semarang in 1719 put this as a


500 by 600 meters, or about 30 hectares. There is

a historical record that the foreign sailor, Tome



Semarang was already a city led by Muslim



That port had three junks and four or five boats.

The commercial commodities produced were

mainly rice and other food ingredients [13].

Semarang's history is inseparable from its


transfer of the port location. In the 8th century,



known as Bergota Hill) [14]. History records that

Admiral Cheng Ho's fleet landed at the port of

Simongan in 1405 [15], [16]. In the 14th century,

3

the coastline was in what is now the Kampung

Melayu region, or precisely in the Sleko region

[17]. Port traces as a landing places for foreign

traders recently disappear, but the name of the

place still refers to its meaning of a landing place

[18], [19], [20].




This port also experienced siltation so that, in

1870, the government dug a channel to the east of

the river mouth, which was named New

Canal/Moeara Baroe 'Havenkanaal [21].

Semarang city in central Java has become one

of the mainstay cities in the VOC's trading

strategy. This region is located right in the middle

of the coast and is connected to Kartasura, the

capital of Sunan (Lombard, 2000: 59). The old

port near the Malay village on the Semarang river

estuary is experienced in siltation. However, to



still processes, so that port also experienced

silting until the Dutch government made the

modern port in Tanjung Emas port-cape of gold.

The name of the Tanjung Emas is a strategic

topic to research to uncover the glory of

Semarang in the past along the two-river estuary.





maps, and videos made during the Dutch colonial

era could be used to reconstruct the Semarang

city image. The study of transportation use and

its role in trade is one aspect of economic

archeology [22].





historic approach and analysis using hand-drawn

sketches. This method has an advantage

compared to using mock-ups to reconstruct the

city in the past, which is the method that is

usually used by archaeologists [23].

The image of the city using mock ups is less

easily captured because of the scale of the city

model and the materials used. The image of the

city using the computational system has



using a hand-drawn sketch will allow us to give


dominant picture [24]. A picture is worth more




languages [25].







1719, 1875, 1880, 1888, and 1892. Map of the




estuary





left a multi-ethnic village [27], [28]. According to

Rukayah [18] the area are dominated by ethnic

Arabs and Chinese traders.




in 1678 [28].

The historical approach of reading maps and

images is essential in historical research because

pictures provide more stories than narratives [30].

Meanwhile, local data before the arrival of Dutch

colonialism was minimal. Therefore, it requires

reading the toponym of the place name to reveal

the building and function of the place at the time

[30].

The analysis is done using hand-drawn

sketches and ancient aerial photographs of the

two-river estuary [31].


the past will be analyzed based on the paths,

edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks [1].

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The path element became the first element to

reconstruct the image of Semarang city in the



canal was 1,180 meters long and 23 meters wide

[32]. The file elements that are very prominent

and formed the city image of Semarang in the

past are:

A. Paths

Paths are channels that observers or visitors

usually pass through – the relationship between

the road and the environment that is regulated is

interrelated [1].

The nickname of the city of Semarang was

Venetia van Java, indicating the role of the canals

Commented [П1]: Publication data of the source are required

Rukayah and Abdullah / Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University/ Vol.54 No.6 Dec. 2019

4


transport in the pre-colonial were on the river


Boom. Darat (Javanese) and Boom (Dutch)

toponyms refer to that place having a function as

a port. A Chinese traveler, Ong Tai Hae, who had


Semarang was attended by many merchant ships.

The ship was small that sailed to Pedamaran near

the square of Semarang. The location of the Old

Boom is very strategically located close to the

Pedamaran market close to the city center [33].


Nieuwe Havenkanaal, began in 1872. The port

plays a vital role as a gateway for the export-

import of products from the interior, such as

sugar, coffee, indigo, and so on. The port

increasingly developed as the largest port and

port city in Central Java [34]. The Haven Kanaal

port was seen as being integrated with the

railroad network of the Kemidjen station in

Tambaksari and the city center (see Semarang

Map 1875) to Vorstenlanden-Surakarta and

Yogyakarta [21].


two, from atlas mutual heritage 1753 and KITLV 1917

B. Landmarks


necessary to observers. They are easy to identify



location. People understand a city from

landmarks [1]. According to Masitha & Heston

[35], buildings are one of the elements that form

the image of the city, especially in historic areas

– transforming the city's image without erasing

the potential image of the city itself [36]. Culture

in general can contribute significantly to

designing cities [37].




easily recognized or has its own characteristics.

One of them is a heritage building that illustrates

the features of the culture of the city itself.

The results of the hand-drawn sketch capture

the image of the city in which the Layur Mosque

(early 18th century) became the landmark of the

Semarang river. Whereas, in 1877, the Menara

Syahbandar/Menara Sleko (uitkijk) became the

landmarks of the new canal. The meeting point

area of the two rivers marked by the presence of

the Layur Tower Mosque and Sleko Tower

became the city gate to Semarang at the time.

The Layur Mosque once functioned as a

lighthouse. Meanwhile, the Sleko Tower

functioned as a small port that was equipped as a

viewing tower to regulate loading and unloading

of small traders and to oversee the pier and be

able to view the city from the top of the tower.



C. Edges

An edge is a barrier, although sometimes there

is a place to enter. It is also the end of a district if

continuity is clearly visible. Likewise, the

boundary function must be clear – divide or unite

[1].


said to be something that represents an example

of the multi-cultural trade city in Southeast Asia,

which was formed from power-trading activities

among Javanese, Malay, Chinese, and Arabic

[39]. They were migrants who traded (trading

partners) before the arrival of the Dutch in the

early 17th century [27], [40], [41]. By using the

visual image, the characteristics of various

architectural buildings’ heritage are spread along

the river, such as the Banjar community,

Javanese house, Arab house, Chinese house,

Indis house, and Melayu house [49]. Ethnic

Arabs and Chinese dominate trade activities. This

can be seen from the architecture of the building

5

in the main corridor of the Melayu village [27],

[28]. It can be concluded that Semarang river

estuary has a multi-ethnic merchant character.

Figure 3. The multi-ethnic community in the Old Semarang

River (yellow area) on a map in 1719 [46], [47]


dominated by warehouse buildings and sugar

factories. Sugar was an essential commodity for

the Dutch East Indies in the 19th century. At that

time, Java was the largest sugar producer in the

world. Based on this data, Muara Kali Baroe had

the character of a city image of Dutch Commerce

[48].




acquisition of several ports in the vicinity,

because, in the 1900s, the production of sugar

was very promising, especially with the Dutch

government supporting the production of sugar


there was a rapid increase in business activities

and sugar trading in the 1870s [43]. One of the



"Sugar King of Java" [44]. In the years of his

success, between 1850-1900, the role of the new


It can be concluded that the new canal was

brought by Dutch trading companies. However,

the new canal also provided transportation for

local traders, for example, the Tasripien Concern

Company, which sends its commodities,

especially leather, to various destinations [45].



Buildings at Kali Baru [46], [47]



where an observer can enter and which is the

focus for his destination [1].

Districts a two-dimensional urban areas with a

medium-to-large city scale, where humans feel


different characteristics [1]. The characteristics



components [1].



of colonial power at that time. Their power is

shown by hiding the existence the districts of the

Malay village and local government in their old

map. The city design that consists of the square,

mosque, and Kanjengan are almost not visible on

the map design except on the map from 1917.


6

Figure 6. Industrial estate and warehousing according to old map 1917

The presence of the Malay villages since the

14th century, the local government in the 15th

century, and the colonial government in the old

fortress town of the 17th century formed a

triangle district connected to two Semarang river

estuaries.



of the Semarang river and the new canal. The



fortress to and from the harbor. The name of

gateway area is Sleko, means the city gate. The

area characterized by the presence of tower Sleko.

E. The Golden Cape


always occurred until today. The sedimentation


river estuary (Krisprantono, 2013; Supriyono,

2007) and continues until the Semarang city






landing period, the pre-colonial period, and the

colonial period.

IV. CONCLUSION Using the hand-drawn sketch, it can be

concluded that:



and multiple ethnic traders. This can be seen

from the presence of the architectural building

heritages that indicate multiple ethnic ties [1].







The hand-drawn sketch of the glory of the city

in the past displays the image by giving emphasis

to the desired area and obscuring the less

dominant picture [24]. A hand-drawn sketch of

the city is worth more than a thousand words.

The city images are often the language that

captures messages and meanings, compared to

written and spoken languages [25].

The first landing place of the ship at

kampung Darat Semarang

Local government with alun-alun (open space with 2 banyan trees), The mosque

and government office market along

rivers side

Oude Boom = Old Tree



Goerderen Bureau N. I. S. = Biro Goerderen N. I.

S.

Houtstapelplaats Javabosch = Wooden piling place

Javabosch


Dutch Trading Company (Dutch Langauge: De N.

V. Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappy

Dagblad de Nieuwe Courant = Surat kabar harian

the New Courant

The first railroad track in Indonesia from


The Layur mosque tower which was once a

lighthouse tower

Berok Bridge

The Dutchfortress

City gate

7







shape the image of the new canal. The meeting

point of the two estuaries becomes a node with

the nickname Sleko (Dutch), which means the

city gate.The image of the glory of Semarang is




spatial structure of the Semarang city had an

identity as a multi-ethnic port city (14th century)

and 17th-century industrial port city.

Understanding the problems, opportunities, and

use of city planning in the past, [38] will allow us

to plan for urban planning in the future.










activities.

REFERENCES

[1] LYNCH, K. (1960) The Image of the

City, Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts:

MIT Press.

[2] FILOMENA, G., VERSTEGEN, J.A.,

MANLEY, E., and LYNCH, K. (2019) A

computational approach to ‘The Image of the

City'. Cities, 89, pp. 14-25.

[3] SARAH, D. and SOEBOWO, E.

(2018) Land subsidence threats and its

management in the North Coast of Java. IOP

Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 118 (1), 012042.

[4] REEDER-MYERS, L.A. (2015)

Cultural Heritage at Risk in the Twenty-First

Century: A Vulnerability Assessment of

Coastal Archaeological Sites in the United

States. Journal of Island & Coastal

Archaeology, 10, pp. 436-445.

[5] RAMLI, Z. and RAHMAN,

N.H.S.N.A. (2009) Aktiviti Perdagangan

Pedagang Arab-Parsi di Semenanjung Tanah

Melayu Berdasarkan Sumber Asing dan Data

Arkeologi. SARI: Jurnal Alam dan Tamadun

Melayu, 27 (2), pp. 147-165.

[6] WAHBY, A.E.I. (2007) The

Architecture of the Early Mosques and

Shrines of Java: Influences of the Arab

Merchants in the 15th and 16th Centuries?

Thesis, Universität Bamberg.

[7] VAN BEMMELEN, R. (1949) The

Geology of Indonesia. The Hague: V.F.A.

Government Printing Office.

[8] COLBRAN, N. (2009) Will Jakarta

be the Next Atlantis? Excessive Groundwater

Use Resulting from a Failing Piped Water

Network. 5/1 Law, Environmental

Development Journal, 5, pp. 20-37.

[9] HADI, S.P. (2017) In Search for

Sustainable Coastal Management: A Case

Study of Semarang, Indonesia. IOP

Conference Series: Earth and Environmental

Science, 55, 012054.

[10] GUMILAR, M., ABIDIN, I., SIDIQ,

H.Z., ANDREAS, T.P., MAIYUDI, H., and

GAMAL, R. (2013) Mapping and Evaluating

the Impact of Land Subsidence in Semarang

(Indonesia). Indonesian Journal of

Geospatial, 2 (2), pp. 26-41.

[11] KUEHN, F., ALBIOL, Æ.D.,

COOKSLEY, Æ.G., and

MURDOHARDONO, A.H.Æ.D. (2010)

Detection of land subsidence in Semarang,

Indonesia, using stable points network (SPN)

technique. Environmental Earth Sciences, 60,

pp. 909-921.

[12] CHAUSSARD, E., AMELUNG, F.,

and ABIDIN, H.Z. (2012) Sinking Cities in

Indonesia: Space-Geodetic Evidence of the

Rates and Spatial Distribution of Land

Subsidence. In: Proceedings of the Fringe

2011 Workshop, Frascati, September 2011,

pp. 19-23.

[13] CORTESAO, A. (1944) The Suma

Oriental of Tome Pires: An Account of the

East, from the Red Sea to Japan, Written in

Malacca and India in 1512-1515. London:

Hakluyt Society Series.

[14] MAZIYAH, S. (2012) Kondisi Jawa

Tengah Pada Abad VIII Sampai Abad XV M.

Humanika, 15 (9). Available from

https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/humani

ka/article/view/3999.


8

[15] JOE, L.T. (1933) Riwayat Semarang:

Dari Djamannya Sam Po Sampe


Boekhandel Ho Kim Yoe.

[16] YUANZHI, K. (2000) Cheng Ho

Muslim Tionghoa. Misteri Perjalanan

Muhibah di Nusantara. Jakarta: Yayasan

Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

[17] TIO, J. (2004) Kota Semarang Dalam

Kenangan. Semarang.

[18] RUKAYAH, R., PUGUH, D.R.,

SUSILO, E.S., and INDRASWARA, M.S.

(2018) Local Wisdom of the Native

Settlement as a Main Gate in the Northern

Axis of Javanese City Center in Semarang.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and

Environmental Science, 152 (1), 012032.

[19] RUKAYAH, R.S., SUSILO, E.S.,

ABDULLAH, M., and SAPUTRO, S. (2018)

Exploring the Position of Old Semarang Sea

Port: Based on Javanese City Pattern. IOP

Conference Series: Earth and Environmental

Science, 116 (1), 012036.

[20] RUKAYAH, R.S., SUSILO, E.S.,

and ABDULLAH, M. (2018) Semarang Kota

Pesisir Lama. Yogyakarta: Tekno Sain.

[21] De locomotief: Samarangsch

Handels- en advertentie-blad. (1869)

Semarang.

[22] PRIHATMOKO, H. (2014)

Transportasi Air Dalam Perdagangan Pada

Masa Jawa Kuno Di Jawa Timur. Forum

Arkeologi, 27 (3), pp. 155-174.

[23] ANDRISIJANTI, I. (2015)

Pengembangan Maket Pusat-Pusat

Pemerintahan. 1 (1), pp. 1-29.

[24] DEVANNY, S. (2010) Peran Sketsa

Tangan Dalam Profesi Arsitek Studi Banding

Antara Sketsa Leonardo da Vinci dan Frank

Gehry. Universitas Indonesia.

[25] POLE, C. (2004) Seeing Is Believing?

Approaches to Visual Research. JAI Press.

[26] SUSANTO, D. (2014) Tradisi Seni

Lisan Sebagai Strategi Dakwah di Kalangan

Kaum Habib (Studi Kasus di Kampung

Melayu Kota Semarang). Fakultas Dakwah

dan Komunikasi, IAIN Walisongo Semarang.

[27] MADIASWORO, T. (2009)

Revitalisasi Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal

Kampung Melayu Semarang. Local Wisdom,

1, pp. 10-18.

[28] WIBAWA, S. (2013) History of the

past development of the Semarang

city(Central Java) and its impact on nitrat

pollutants presence in the groundwater today.

Indonesian Journal of Geology and Mining,

23 (1), pp. 25-36.

[29] KUNTOWIJOYO. (1994)

Metodologi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Tiara

Wacana Yogya.

[30] ADRISIJANTI, I. (2000) Arkeologi

Perkotaan Mataram Islam. Yogyakarta:

Penerbit Jendela.

[31] BROMMER, B., SIDHARTA, A.,

BUDIHARDJO, E., SISWANTO, A.,

MONTENS, A.B., SOEWARNO, SETIADI,

S., and STEVENS, T. (1995) Semarang

Beeld van Een Stad. Purmerend: Asia Maior.

[32] LIEM, T.J. (1933) Riwajat Semarang

(Dari Djamannja Sam Poo sampe

terhapoesnja Kongkoan). Semarang:

Boekhandel Ho Kim Yoe.

[33] BUDIMAN, A. (1978) Semarang

Riwajatmoe Doeloe. Semarang: Tanjung Sari.

[34] RETNO SARI, I.D. (2012) “Kota

Lama Semarang” Situs Sejarah Yang

Terpinggirkan. Berkala Arkeologi, 32 (2), pp.

195-208.

[35] MASITHA, A.I. and HESTON, Y.P.

(2015) Rekognisi Bangunan dan Citra Kota.

In: Semin. Nas. SCAN #6 "Finding Fifth

Elem. After Water, Earth, Wind. Fire” Local

Wisdom Cult. Sustain., Yogyakarta, May

2015, pp. 259-270.

[36] ZHU, H., QIAN, J., and GAO, Y.

(2011) Globalization and the production of

city image in Guangzhou’s metro station

advertisements. Cities, 28 (3), pp. 221-229.

[37] MÜLLER, A.L. (2019) Voices in the

city. On the role of arts, artists and urban

space for a just city. Cities, 91, pp. 49-57.

[38] CHAPMAN, E.H. and LYNCH, K.

(1962) The Image of the City. The Journal of

Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 21 (1), 91.

[39] PRABOWO, B.N. and

HARSRITANTO, B.I. (2018) Kota Lama

Semarang Menuju Status Pusaka Dunia

UNESCO: Apa ITU Status World Heritage?

Modul, 18 (1), pp. 51-53.

[40] FEBBIYANA, A. and

SUWANDONO, D. (2016) The Declining

Vitality of Kampung Melayu as the Heritage

Area in The City of Semarang. Ruang, 2 (4),

pp. 341-348.

9

[41] SUSANTO, D. (2014) Pola strategi

dakwah komunitas habaib di kampung

melayu semarang. Dimas, 14 (1), pp. 159-

185.

[42] LING, L.T. (1979) Raja Gula Oei

Tiong Ham. Penerbit Liem Tjwan Ling.

[43] KUNIO, Y. (1989) Oei Tiong Ham

Concern: The First Business Empire of

Southeast Asia Introduction. Southeast Asian

Studies, 27 (2), pp. 137-155.

[44] CLAUDINE, S. (1991) Oei Tiong

Ham Concern: The First Business Empire of

Southeast Asia. Archipel, 41 (1), pp. 201-203.

[45] TARIGAN, R. (2015) Kajian Historis

dan Morfologi Kampung – Kampung di

Sekitar Jalan Jagalan dan Jalan Petudungan

Semarang.

[46] KITLV (2014) [Online] Available from:

https://www.kitlv.nl [Accessed 15/08/19].

[47] Atlas of Mutual Heritage. [Online]

Available from:

http://www.atlasofmutualheritage.nl

[Accessed 25/09/19].

[48] Historical Video Archive, Train

Crossing the Kalibaru Suspension Bridge in

Semarang, 1937. [Online] Available from:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ioJU8

DvA0 [Accessed 25/09/19].

[49] SASONGKO, G., HUNGA, I.A.R.,

JULANA, A.S.N., WAHYUDI, Y., LELIAK,

P., and HURUTA, A.D. (2019) Public policy

for housing development: a case study on

housing development in Semarang Regency

– Indonesia. Insights into Regional

Development, 1 (3), pp. 280-300.

参考文:

[1] 林奇（K. LYNCH）（1960年）《城市

形象》，第 1 期。 11.马萨诸塞州剑桥：

麻省理工学院出版社。

[2] FILOMENA，G.，VERSTEGEN，J.A.，

MANLEY，E. 和 LYNCH，K.（2019）一

种计算方法，用于“城市形象”。城市，89，

第 14-25页。

[3] SARAH ， D. 和 SOEBOWO ， E.

（2018）爪哇岛北海岸的地面沉降威胁及

其管理。眼压会议系列：地球与环境科学，

118 (1)，012042。

[4] REEDER-MYERS，L.A.（2015）二十

一世纪的文化遗产面临风险：美国沿海考

古遗址的脆弱性评估。岛与海岸考古学报，

10，第 436-445页。

[5] Z. RAMLI 和 N.H.S.N.A. RAHMAN。

（2009）交易商交易活动在阿拉伯 - 波斯

马来半岛据国外资料和考古资料。莎莉

（莎丽）：《法律杂志》，27 (2)，第

147-165页。

[6] WAHBY，A.E.I。（2007）爪哇早期

清真寺和神社的建筑：15 和 16 世纪阿拉

伯商人的影响？论文，班贝格大学。

[7] VAN BEMMELEN，R.（1949）印度

尼西亚地质。海牙：V.F.A.政府印刷局。

[8] COLBRAN，N.（2009）雅加达会成为

下一个亚特兰蒂斯吗？自来水管网失灵导

致地下水过多使用。 5/1 法律，《环境发

展杂志》，5，第 20-37页。

[9] HADI，S.P.（2017）寻求可持续的沿

海管理：印度尼西亚三宝垄的案例研究。

眼压会议系列：地球与环境科学，55，

012054。

[10] GUMILAR ， M. ， ABIDIN ， I. ，

SIDIQ ， H.Z. ， ANDREAS ， T.P. ，

MAIYUDI，H. 和 GAMAL，R.（2013）

绘制和评估三宝垄（印度尼西亚）土地沉

降的影响。印度尼西亚地理空间杂志，2

（2），第 26-41页。

[11] KUEHN ， F. ， ALBIOL ， D.D. ，

COOKSLEY ， G.G. 和

MURDOHARDONO ， A.H.D. D. 。

（2010）使用稳定点网络（SPN）技术检

测印度尼西亚三宝垄的地面沉降。环境地

球科学，60，第 909-921页。

[12] E. CHAUSSARD，F。AMELUNG 和

H.Z. ABIDIN。（2012）印尼的沉没城




10

市：土地沉降速率和空间分布的空间大地

证据。在：《艺穗节 2011 研讨会论文

集》，弗拉斯卡蒂，2011 年 9 月，第 19-

23页。

[13] CORTESAO，A。（1944 年）东方之

书的一些东方：从红海到日本的东方记述，

于 1512 年至 1515 年在马六甲和印度发表。

伦敦：哈克卢伊特社会丛刊。

[14] MAZIYAH，S。（2012）八世纪至十

五世纪中爪哇的状况中号 . 曼尼卡，15

（ 9 ）。可从https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/humani

ka/article/view/3999获取。

[15] JOE，L.T. （1933）三宝垄历史：从

他的三宝桑佩到孔古安。三宝垄：何金

Yo书店。

[16] YUANZI，K.（2000）成浩·穆斯林·

廷加。群岛旅行的奥秘。雅加达：亚亚桑

·普斯塔卡·奥博尔印度尼西亚。

[17] TIO，J.（2004 年）哥打三宝垄达兰·

克南甘。三宝垄

[18] RUKAYAH，R.，PUGUH，D.R.，

SUSILO，E.S. 和 INDRASWARA，M.S.

（2018）在三宝垄的爪哇市中心北轴作为

本地大门的本地居民的当地智慧。眼压会

议系列：地球与环境科学，152（1），

012032。

[19] RUKAYAH，R.S.，SUSILO，E.S.，

ABDULLAH ， M. 和 SAPUTRO ， S.

（2018）探索三宝垄旧港口的位置：基于

爪哇城市模式。眼压会议系列：地球与环

境科学，116（1），012036。

[20] RUKAYAH，R.S.，SUSILO，E.S. 和

ABDULLAH，M.（2018）三宝垄·哥打佩

西西尔喇嘛。日惹：泰克诺·塞恩。

[21] 机车：萨马兰奇商业和广告杂志。

（1869年）三宝垄。

[22] PRIHATMOKO，H.（2014 年）《达

西航空达拉姆·帕达冈甘·帕达·马萨·贾瓦·

库纳迪·贾瓦·蒂穆尔》。考古论坛，27

（3），第 155-174页。

[23] ANDRISIJANTI，I。（2015）政府中

心样机开发。 1（1），第 1-29页。

[24] DEVANNY，S.（2010）手绘草图在

莱昂纳多·达·芬奇与弗兰克·盖里的素描

之间的比较研究建筑师行业中的作用。印

度尼西亚大学。

[25] POLE，C。（2004）眼见为实？视觉

研究方法。贾出版社。

[26] SUSANTO，D。（2014 年）口头艺

术传统，社会上的大瓦战略，哈比布·卡

苏斯案例研究，甘榜，三宝垄市马来语）。

IAIN Walisongo 三宝垄的大华与传播学院。

[27] MADIASWORO，T。（2009 年）振

兴甘榜美拉宇三宝垄的当地智慧价值观。

地方智慧，1，第 10-18页。

[28] WIBAWA，S.（2013）三宝垄市（中

爪哇省）过去的发展历史及其对当今地下

水中硝酸盐污染物存在的影响。印尼地质

与采矿杂志，23（1），第 25-36页。

[29] KUNTOWIJOYO。（1994）历史方法

论。日惹：Tiara Wacana Yogya。

[30] ADRISIJANTI，I。（2000）马塔兰

的城市考古伊斯兰教。日惹：佩内比特·

詹德拉。

[31] B. BROMMER，B. SIDHARTA，A.，

BUDIHARDJO，E.，SISWANTO，A.，

MONTENS ， A.B. ， SOEWARNO ，

SETIADI，S. 和 STEVENS，T.（1995）

三宝垄贝恩·范·恩·斯塔德。Purmerend：

亚洲马约尔。

11

[32] LIEM，T.J。（1933 年）里瓦贾特三

宝垄（来自 Djamannja Sam Poo 的载脂蛋

白祝福刚果人）。三宝垄：何金哟书店。

[33] BUDIMAN，A.（1978）三宝垄里瓦

贾特莫·杜洛。三宝垄：丹绒纱丽。

[34] 里德诺·萨里（2012）“哥打喇嘛三宝

垄” 被边缘化的历史遗迹。考古学周期性，

32（2），第 195-208页。

[35] MASITHA，A.I。和赫斯顿（YS）

（2015）班古南·丹·库塔。在：研讨会。

娜斯扫描＃6“寻找第五个元素。在水，地，

风，火之后”，当地智慧文化的持续发展。

日惹，2015年 5月，第 259-270页。

[36] 朱华，钱剑，高高（2011）全球化与

广州地铁站广告中城市形象的产生。城市

28（3），第 221-229页。

[37] MÜLLER，A.L.（2019）城市中的声

音。论艺术，艺术家和城市空间对于一个

公正城市的作用。城市，91，第 49-57 页。

[38] CHAPMAN，E.H。和 LYNCH，K.

（1962）《城市形象》。美学与艺术批评

杂志，21（1），91。

[39] PRABOWO ， B.N 。和 B.I.

HARSRITANTO （2018）亚庇三宝菜单地

位普萨卡杜尼亚联合国教科文组织：阿帕

ITU 地位世界遗产？模数，18（1），第

51-53页。

[40] FEBBIYANA，A. 和 SUWANDONO，

D.（2016）甘榜梅拉尤的活力正在下降，

它是三宝垄市的遗产地区。空间篇，2

（4），第 341-348页。

[41] SUSANTO，D。（2014 年），《三

宝垄》（三宝垄马来村哈拜卜社区的

dakwah 策略模式）。迪马斯，14（1），

第 159-185页。

[42] LING L.T. （1979）拉贾·古拉·大钟。

出版社廉哲玲。

[43] KUNIO，Y.（ 1989）《大江油火

腿》：东南亚第一个商业帝国。东南亚研

究，27（2）, 第 137-155页。

[44] CLAUDINE，S.（1991）《大钟汉

经》：东南亚第一商业帝国。档案，41

（1），第 201-203页。

[45] TARIGAN，R.（2015）甘榜的卡吉·

希斯托里斯（甘榜历史博物馆）– 惹兰贾

加兰周围的甘榜惹兰贾加兰和惹兰·彼得

杜甘三宝垄。

[46] 基尔特（2014）[在线]可从以下网站

获得：https：//www.kitlv.nl [访问日期：

19/08/15]。

[47] 共同遗产地图集。[在线]可从以下网

站获得：

http://www.atlasofmutualheritage.nl [访问时

间：19/09/25]。

[48] 历史视频档案，火车穿越三宝垄的卡

利巴鲁悬索桥，1937 年。[在线]可从以下

网址获得：


DvA0 [19/09/25访问]。

[49] G. SASONGKO，HUNGA，I.A.R.，

JULANA ， A.S.N. ， WAHYUDI ， Y. ，

LELIAK，P. 和 A.D. HURUTA（2019）住

房发展公共政策：印度尼西亚三宝垄住房

发展案例研究。《洞察区域发展》，1

（3），第 280-300页。

12. Submission of review results – 2


URGENT!

siti rukayah <[email protected]> Mon, Jan 6, 2020 at 9:42 AMTo: [email protected]

Dear Professor Zhai Wanming Herewith our revision about the manuscript. Just information, the total number of the reference are 49 . It didn't appear in references in Englishformat but appear in Chinese version. We try to edited it in Mendeley system but didn't work .

Thank you for your kindness

Best regardsDr.R.Siti Rukayah

[Quoted text hidden]

THE GLORY OF SEMARANG COASTAL CITY IN THE PAST.doc 3317K

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/2?ui=2&ik=c62b9a954d&view=att&th=16f78bbc162872fb&attid=0.1&disp=attd&realattid=f_k51uav280&safe=1&zw

SKETSA-2

Highlight

13. Revision of the second manuscript with

a reference format of 49


URGENT!

siti rukayah <[email protected]> Sun, Jan 5, 2020 at 9:10 PMTo: [email protected]

Dear Professor Zhai WanmingOk I will sent it tomorrow

regardsDr.R.Siti Rukayah

[Quoted text hidden]-- Vice Head of PhD ProgramArchitecture and Urban Design Department ArchitectureUniversitas DiponegoroSemarang- Indonesia

SKETSA-2

Highlight


第 54 卷第 6 期


Vol. 54 No. 6

Dec. 2019

ISSN: 0258-2724 DOI：10.35741/issn.0258-2724.54.6….

Research Article

Architecture

THE GLORY OF SEMARANG COASTAL CITY IN THE PAST, MULTI-

ETHNIC MERCHANTS AND DUTCH COMMERCE

过去，多民族贸易和荷兰商业中三宝垄沿海城市的荣耀

R. Siti Rukayah a, *, Muhammad Abdullah b

a Architecture Departement, Diponegoro University

Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia, [email protected] b Indonesian Literature, Diponegoro University


Abstract In The Image of the City, Lynch describes how individuals perceive and recall features in urban

spaces. Lynch's approach is categorized by paths, nodes, edges, districts, and landmarks – giving shape to



system. The cities of the 14th-18th centuries were not as complicated as the ones Lynch was dealing with

in the 1960s. How do you reveal the image of the city? The image of the city in the past had not been

explored yet. To explore the glory of Semarang city, Central Java, Indonesia, as Venetia van Java, which

has the sugar industry in Asia, and the first railway track in Indonesia, you can still use hand-drawn

sketches to reconstruct the image of the old city. Old data such as maps, photographs, and videos are

integrated to reconstruct the image of the city in the past. Recently, the name of port of Semarang,

Tanjung Emas – cape of gold – implies the glory of Semarang. The Semarang seaport played an

important role in the pre-colonial and colonial eras. The architectural heritage at the two-river estuary of

the Semarang coast uncovers the history of naming it the ‘cape of gold’. The river serves as roads and

train lines, as the path is important as a tool to evaluate the city transportation facilities for urban

planners, watershed services, and urban conservation.

Keywords: River Transportation, Rail Train, Semarang, Colonial, Multi-Ethnic

摘要在《城市形象》中，林奇描述了人们如何感知和回忆城市空间中的特征。林奇的方法按路径

，节点，边缘，地区和地标分类-塑造了个人对城市的心理表现。最近，要在一个大型城市上测试

该理论，需要很高的准确度才能理解一个城市。因此，它需要使用地理信息系统系统的工具，例

如计算技术。 14至 18世纪的城市并不像林奇在 1960年代处理的城市那样复杂。您如何展现城市



Rukayah and Abdullah / Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University/ Vol.54 No.6 Dec. 2019 2

形象？过去尚未探索过这座城市的形象。要探索印度尼西亚中爪哇省三宝垄市的荣耀，就像拥有

亚洲制糖业和印度尼西亚第一条铁路轨道的威尼斯范爪哇一样，您仍然可以使用手绘草图来重建

旧城区的图像。整合了诸如地图，照片和视频之类的旧数据，以重建过去的城市形象。最近，三

宝垄港口的名字丹戎·埃玛斯（金角）象征着三宝垄的荣耀。三宝垄海港在前殖民时代和殖民时代

起着重要作用。三宝垄海岸两河口的建筑遗产揭示了将其命名为“金海角”的历史。河流充当道

路和火车线，因为这条道路对于评估城市规划者，分水岭服务和城市保护区的城市交通设施至关

重要。

关键词: 内河运输，铁路，三宝垄，殖民地，多民族







of a large scale that requires presentation and




cities in the past are not that complicated



representation of a city image in the past is still a


Coastal cities have become the focus of

research today because of the issue of coastal

disasters, such as rising seawater and land

subsidence [3]. The disasters require handling,

especially in historic areas [4]. Some historic

coastal areas emerged due to the development of

trade since prehistoric times in the Southeast

Asian region. The Asian region has attracted the

presence of traders from Arab-Persia to the

archipelago in addition to traders from India and

China [5]. The location of Indonesia attracted

explorers of the world to trade or transit even for

a stopover [6].



heritage that is scattered along the coast of





created a city to resemble the Netherlands using

canals for transportation. Semarang city is well

known as the Venetia van Java.

They chose Semarang because of its position

precisely in the centre of Java. So, the ports on



Dutch East Indies Company. It was the heart and


To bring some crops from interior Java, they built


development of sugarcane and coffee gave rise to

the Asian conglomerate in its era.



on the North coast of Java that have occurred

since the 8th century [7]. Sedimentation and land

subsidence have caused heritage areas to become

submerged in water. Some big cities such as

Jakarta, Surabaya, and Semarang are also

predicted to sink [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. This

paper aims to uncover the glory of the city of

Semarang in the past and reveal that its cultural

heritage is at risk.

The city of Semarang, based on maps from

1719 and 1800, consisted of three districts,

namely the Malay village area, the old downtown

area in Kanjengan, and the colonial fortress area.

Semarang Map Semarang in 1719 put this as a


500 by 600 meters, or about 30 hectares. There is

a historical record that the foreign sailor, Tome



Semarang was already a city led by Muslim



That port had three junks and four or five boats.

The commercial commodities produced were

mainly rice and other food ingredients [13].

Semarang's history is inseparable from its


transfer of the port location. In the 8th century,


coastline located in the Pragota region (now

known as Bergota Hill) [14]. History records that

Admiral Cheng Ho's fleet landed at the port of

Simongan in 1405 [15], [16]. In the 14th century,

3

the coastline was in what is now the Kampung

Melayu / Malay Village region, or precisely in

the Sleko region [17]. Port traces as a landing

places for foreign traders recently disappear, but

the name of the place still refers to its meaning of

a landing place [18], [19], [20].




This port also experienced siltation so that, in

1870, the government dug a channel to the east of

the river mouth, which was named New

Canal/Moeara Baroe 'Havenkanaal [1].

Semarang city in central Java has become one

of the mainstay cities in the VOC's (Vereeniging

Ost-Indische Company) trading strategy. This

region is located right in the middle of the coast

and is connected to Kartasura, the capital of

Sunan (the king) [2]. The old port near the

Malay village on the Semarang river estuary is

experienced in siltation. However, to expedite

trading activities, the Dutch government built a

new canal to the new port. The siltation still

processes, so that port also experienced silting



The name of the Tanjung Emas is a strategic

topic to research to uncover the glory of

Semarang in the past along the two-river estuary.





maps, and videos made during the Dutch colonial

era could be used to reconstruct the Semarang

city image. The study of transportation uses and

its role in trade is one aspect of economic

archeology [22].





historic approach and analysis using hand-drawn

sketches. This method has an advantage

compared to using mock-ups to reconstruct the

city in the past, which is the method that is

usually used by archaeologists [23].

The image of the city using mock ups is less

easily captured because of the scale of the city

model and the materials used. The image of the

city using the computational system has



using a hand-drawn sketch will allow us to give


dominant picture [24]. A picture is worth more




languages [25].







1719, 1875, 1880, 1888, and 1892. Map of the




estuary





left a multi-ethnic village [5], [6]. According to

Rukayah [7] the area are dominated by ethnic

Arabs and Chinese traders.



VOC trade in 1678 [28].

The historical approach of reading maps and

images is essential in historical research because

pictures provide more stories than narratives [30].

Meanwhile, local data before the arrival of Dutch

colonialism was minimal. Therefore, it requires

reading the toponym of the place name to reveal

the building and function of the place at the time

[30].

The analysis is done using hand-drawn

sketches and ancient aerial photographs of the

two-river estuary [31].


the past will be analyzed based on the paths,

edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks [1].

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The path element became the first element to

reconstruct the image of Semarang city in the



canal was 1,180 meters long and 23 meters wide

[32]. The file elements that are very prominent

and formed the city image of Semarang in the

past are:

A. Paths

Paths are channels that observers or visitors

usually pass through – the relationship between

the road and the environment that is regulated is

interrelated [1].

The nickname of the city of Semarang was

Venetia van Java, indicating the role of the canals


4


transport in the pre-colonial were on the river


Boom. Darat (Javanese) and Boom (Dutch)

toponyms refer to that place having a function as

a port. A Chinese traveler, Ong Tai Hae, who had


Semarang was attended by many merchant ships.

The ship was small that sailed to Pedamaran near

the square of Semarang. The location of the Old

Boom is very strategically located close to the

Pedamaran market close to the city center [33].


Nieuwe Havenkanaal, began in 1872. The port

plays a vital role as a gateway for the export-

import of products from the interior, such as

sugar, coffee, indigo, and so on. The port

increasingly developed as the largest port and

port city in Central Java [34]. The Haven Kanaal

port was seen as being integrated with the

railroad network of the Kemidjen station in

Tambaksari and the city center (see Semarang

Map 1875) to Vorstenlanden-Surakarta and

Yogyakarta [21].


two, from atlas mutual heritage 1753 and KITLV 1917

B. Landmarks


necessary to observers. They are easy to identify



location. People understand a city from

landmarks [1]. According to Masitha & Heston

[35], buildings are one of the elements that form

the image of the city, especially in historic areas

– transforming the city's image without erasing

the potential image of the city itself [36]. Culture

in general can contribute significantly to

designing cities [37].




easily recognized or has its own characteristics.

One of them is a heritage building that illustrates

the features of the culture of the city itself.

The results of the hand-drawn sketch capture

the image of the city in which the Layur Mosque

(early 18th century) became the landmark of the

Semarang river. Whereas, in 1877, the Menara

Syahbandar/Menara Sleko (uitkijk) became the

landmarks of the new canal. The meeting point

area of the two rivers marked by the presence of

the Layur Tower Mosque and Sleko Tower

became the city gate to Semarang at the time.

The Layur Mosque once functioned as a

lighthouse. Meanwhile, the Sleko Tower

functioned as a small port that was equipped as a

viewing tower to regulate loading and unloading

of small traders and to oversee the pier and be

able to view the city from the top of the tower.



C. Edges

An edge is a barrier, although sometimes there

is a place to enter. It is also the end of a district if

continuity is clearly visible. Likewise, the

boundary function must be clear – divide or unite

[1].


said to be something that represents an example

of the multi-cultural trade city in Southeast Asia,

which was formed from power-trading activities

among Javanese, Malay, Chinese, and Arabic

[39]. They were migrants who traded (trading

partners) before the arrival of the Dutch in the

early 17th century [27], [40], [41]. By using the

visual image, the characteristics of various

architectural buildings’ heritage are spread along

the river, such as the Banjar community,

Javanese house, Arab house, Chinese house,

Indis house, and Melayu house [49]. Ethnic

Arabs and Chinese dominate trade activities. This

can be seen from the architecture of the building

5

in the main corridor of the Melayu village [27],

[28]. It can be concluded that Semarang river

estuary has a multi-ethnic merchant character.

Figure 3. The multi-ethnic community in the Old Semarang

River (yellow area) on a map in 1719 [46], [47]


dominated by warehouse buildings and sugar

factories. Sugar was an essential commodity for

the Dutch East Indies in the 19th century. At that

time, Java was the largest sugar producer in the

world. Based on this data, Muara Kali Baroe had

the character of a city image of Dutch Commerce

[48].




acquisition of several ports in the vicinity,

because, in the 1900s, the production of sugar

was very promising, especially with the Dutch

government supporting the production of sugar


there was a rapid increase in business activities

and sugar trading in the 1870s [43]. One of the



"Sugar King of Java" [44]. In the years of his

success, between 1850-1900, the role of the new


It can be concluded that the new canal was

brought by Dutch trading companies. However,

the new canal also provided transportation for

local traders, for example, the Tasripien Concern

Company, which sends its commodities,

especially leather, to various destinations [45].



Buildings at Kali Baru [46], [47]



where an observer can enter and which is the

focus for his destination [1].

Districts a two-dimensional urban areas with a

medium-to-large city scale, where humans feel


different characteristics [1]. The characteristics



components [1].



of colonial power at that time. Their power is

shown by hiding the existence the districts of the

Malay village and local government in their old

map. The city design that consists of the square,

mosque, and Kanjengan are almost not visible on

the map design except on the map from 1917.


6

Figure 6. Industrial estate and warehousing according to old map 1917

The presence of the Malay villages since the

14th century, the local government in the 15th

century, and the colonial government in the old

fortress town of the 17th century formed a

triangle district connected to two Semarang river

estuaries.



of the Semarang river and the new canal. The



fortress to and from the harbor. The name of

gateway area is Sleko, means the city gate. The

area characterized by the presence of tower Sleko.

E. The Golden Cape


always occurred until today. The sedimentation


river estuary (Krisprantono, 2013; Supriyono,

2007) and continues until the Semarang city






landing period, the pre-colonial period, and the

colonial period.

IV. CONCLUSION Using the hand-drawn sketch, it can be

concluded that:



and multiple ethnic traders. This can be seen

from the presence of the architectural building

heritages that indicate multiple ethnic ties [1].







The hand-drawn sketch of the glory of the city

in the past displays the image by giving emphasis

to the desired area and obscuring the less

dominant picture [24]. A hand-drawn sketch of

the city is worth more than a thousand words.

The city images are often the language that

captures messages and meanings, compared to

written and spoken languages [25].

The first landing place of the ship at

kampung Darat Semarang

Local government with alun-alun (open space with 2 banyan trees), The mosque

and government office market along

rivers side

Oude Boom = Old Tree



Goerderen Bureau N. I. S. = Biro Goerderen N. I.

S.

Houtstapelplaats Javabosch = Wooden piling place

Javabosch


Dutch Trading Company (Dutch Langauge: De N.

V. Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappy

Dagblad de Nieuwe Courant = Surat kabar harian

the New Courant

The first railroad track in Indonesia from


The Layur mosque tower which was once a

lighthouse tower

Berok Bridge

The Dutchfortress

City gate

7




port) Tower at the new canal estuary (Kali



his era) shape the image of the new canal. The

meeting point of the two estuaries becomes a

node with the nickname Sleko (Dutch), which

means the city gate. The image of the glory of

Semarang is lost due to the problem of land

subsidence. Urban planning in the past, based on

the river as transportation, resulted in the

architecture and spatial structure of the Semarang

city had an identity as a multi-ethnic port city

(14th century) and 17th-century industrial port

city. Understanding the problems, opportunities,

and use of city planning in the past, [38] will

allow us to plan for urban planning in the future.






138 / UN7.P4.3 / PP 2019. The output of the

research also for strengthening collaboration

research between Indonesia (DIKTI) and

Netherland (NWO-WORTO) in 2019-2021 with

grant No.257-91/UN7P4.3/PP/2019. Researchers




Semarang river activities.

REFERENCES


Handels- en advertentie-blad,” Feb-

1869.

[2] D. Lombard, Nusa Jawa Silang

Budaya. Gramedia Pustaka Utama,

2005.


Tiara Wacana Yogya, 1994. [4] D. Susanto, “Tradisi Seni Lisan



















vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 0–8, 2018.







1, 2018.










36, 2013.

参考文:

[1] 林奇（K. LYNCH）（1960年）《城市

形象》，第 1 期。 11.马萨诸塞州剑桥：

麻省理工学院出版社。

[2] FILOMENA，G.，VERSTEGEN，J.A.，

MANLEY，E. 和 LYNCH，K.（2019）一

种计算方法，用于“城市形象”。城市，89，

第 14-25页。

[3] SARAH ， D. 和 SOEBOWO ， E.

（2018）爪哇岛北海岸的地面沉降威胁及

其管理。眼压会议系列：地球与环境科学，

118 (1)，012042。

[4] REEDER-MYERS，L.A.（2015）二十

一世纪的文化遗产面临风险：美国沿海考

古遗址的脆弱性评估。岛与海岸考古学报，

10，第 436-445页。


8

[5] Z. RAMLI 和 N.H.S.N.A. RAHMAN。

（2009）交易商交易活动在阿拉伯 - 波斯

马来半岛据国外资料和考古资料。莎莉

（莎丽）：《法律杂志》，27 (2)，第

147-165页。

[6] WAHBY，A.E.I。（2007）爪哇早期

清真寺和神社的建筑：15 和 16 世纪阿拉

伯商人的影响？论文，班贝格大学。

[7] VAN BEMMELEN，R.（1949）印度

尼西亚地质。海牙：V.F.A.政府印刷局。

[8] COLBRAN，N.（2009）雅加达会成为

下一个亚特兰蒂斯吗？自来水管网失灵导

致地下水过多使用。 5/1 法律，《环境发

展杂志》，5，第 20-37页。

[9] HADI，S.P.（2017）寻求可持续的沿

海管理：印度尼西亚三宝垄的案例研究。

眼压会议系列：地球与环境科学，55，

012054。

[10] GUMILAR ， M. ， ABIDIN ， I. ，

SIDIQ ， H.Z. ， ANDREAS ， T.P. ，

MAIYUDI，H. 和 GAMAL，R.（2013）

绘制和评估三宝垄（印度尼西亚）土地沉

降的影响。印度尼西亚地理空间杂志，2

（2），第 26-41页。

[11] KUEHN ， F. ， ALBIOL ， D.D. ，

COOKSLEY ， G.G. 和

MURDOHARDONO ， A.H.D. D. 。

（2010）使用稳定点网络（SPN）技术检

测印度尼西亚三宝垄的地面沉降。环境地

球科学，60，第 909-921页。

[12] E. CHAUSSARD，F。AMELUNG 和

H.Z. ABIDIN。（2012）印尼的沉没城

市：土地沉降速率和空间分布的空间大地

证据。在：《艺穗节 2011 研讨会论文

集》，弗拉斯卡蒂，2011 年 9 月，第 19-

23页。

[13] CORTESAO，A。（1944 年）东方之

书的一些东方：从红海到日本的东方记述，

于 1512 年至 1515 年在马六甲和印度发表。

伦敦：哈克卢伊特社会丛刊。

[14] MAZIYAH，S。（2012）八世纪至十

五世纪中爪哇的状况中号 . 曼尼卡，15

（ 9 ）。可从https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/humani

ka/article/view/3999获取。

[15] JOE，L.T. （1933）三宝垄历史：从

他的三宝桑佩到孔古安。三宝垄：何金

Yo书店。

[16] YUANZI，K.（2000）成浩·穆斯林·

廷加。群岛旅行的奥秘。雅加达：亚亚桑

·普斯塔卡·奥博尔印度尼西亚。

[17] TIO，J.（2004 年）哥打三宝垄达兰·

克南甘。三宝垄

[18] RUKAYAH，R.，PUGUH，D.R.，

SUSILO，E.S. 和 INDRASWARA，M.S.

（2018）在三宝垄的爪哇市中心北轴作为

本地大门的本地居民的当地智慧。眼压会

议系列：地球与环境科学，152（1），

012032。

[19] RUKAYAH，R.S.，SUSILO，E.S.，

ABDULLAH ， M. 和 SAPUTRO ， S.

（2018）探索三宝垄旧港口的位置：基于

爪哇城市模式。眼压会议系列：地球与环

境科学，116（1），012036。

[20] RUKAYAH，R.S.，SUSILO，E.S. 和

ABDULLAH，M.（2018）三宝垄·哥打佩

西西尔喇嘛。日惹：泰克诺·塞恩。

[21] 机车：萨马兰奇商业和广告杂志。

（1869年）三宝垄。

[22] PRIHATMOKO，H.（2014 年）《达

西航空达拉姆·帕达冈甘·帕达·马萨·贾瓦·

库纳迪 ·贾瓦 ·蒂穆尔》。考古论坛，27

（3），第 155-174页。

[23] ANDRISIJANTI，I。（2015）政府中

心样机开发。 1（1），第 1-29页。

9

[24] DEVANNY，S.（2010）手绘草图在

莱昂纳多·达·芬奇与弗兰克·盖里的素描

之间的比较研究建筑师行业中的作用。印

度尼西亚大学。

[25] POLE，C。（2004）眼见为实？视觉

研究方法。贾出版社。

[26] SUSANTO，D。（2014 年）口头艺

术传统，社会上的大瓦战略，哈比布·卡

苏斯案例研究，甘榜，三宝垄市马来语）。

IAIN Walisongo 三宝垄的大华与传播学院。

[27] MADIASWORO，T。（2009 年）振

兴甘榜美拉宇三宝垄的当地智慧价值观。

地方智慧，1，第 10-18页。

[28] WIBAWA，S.（2013）三宝垄市（中

爪哇省）过去的发展历史及其对当今地下

水中硝酸盐污染物存在的影响。印尼地质

与采矿杂志，23（1），第 25-36页。

[29] KUNTOWIJOYO。（1994）历史方法

论。日惹：Tiara Wacana Yogya。

[30] ADRISIJANTI， I。（2000）马塔兰

的城市考古伊斯兰教。日惹：佩内比特·

詹德拉。

[31] B. BROMMER，B. SIDHARTA，A.，

BUDIHARDJO，E.，SISWANTO，A.，

MONTENS ， A.B. ， SOEWARNO ，

SETIADI，S. 和 STEVENS，T.（1995）

三宝垄贝恩·范·恩·斯塔德。Purmerend：

亚洲马约尔。

[32] LIEM，T.J。（1933 年）里瓦贾特三

宝垄（来自 Djamannja Sam Poo 的载脂蛋

白祝福刚果人）。三宝垄：何金哟书店。

[33] BUDIMAN，A.（1978）三宝垄里瓦

贾特莫·杜洛。三宝垄：丹绒纱丽。

[34] 里德诺·萨里（2012）“哥打喇嘛三宝

垄” 被边缘化的历史遗迹。考古学周期性，

32（2），第 195-208页。

[35] MASITHA，A.I。和赫斯顿（YS）

（2015）班古南·丹·库塔。在：研讨会。

娜斯扫描＃6“寻找第五个元素。在水，地，

风，火之后”，当地智慧文化的持续发展。

日惹，2015年 5月，第 259-270页。

[36] 朱华，钱剑，高高（2011）全球化与

广州地铁站广告中城市形象的产生。城市

28（3），第 221-229页。

[37] MÜLLER，A.L.（2019）城市中的声

音。论艺术，艺术家和城市空间对于一个

公正城市的作用。城市，91，第 49-57 页。

[38] CHAPMAN，E.H。和 LYNCH，K.

（1962）《城市形象》。美学与艺术批评

杂志，21（1），91。

[39] PRABOWO ， B.N 。和 B.I.

HARSRITANTO （2018）亚庇三宝菜单地

位普萨卡杜尼亚联合国教科文组织：阿帕

ITU 地位世界遗产？模数，18（1），第

51-53页。

[40] FEBBIYANA，A. 和 SUWANDONO，

D.（2016）甘榜梅拉尤的活力正在下降，

它是三宝垄市的遗产地区。空间篇，2

（4），第 341-348页。

[41] SUSANTO，D。（2014 年），《三

宝垄》（三宝垄马来村哈拜卜社区的

dakwah 策略模式）。迪马斯，14（1），

第 159-185页。

[42] LING L.T. （1979）拉贾·古拉·大钟。

出版社廉哲玲。

[43] KUNIO，Y.（ 1989）《大江油火

腿》：东南亚第一个商业帝国。东南亚研

究，27（2）, 第 137-155页。

[44] CLAUDINE，S.（1991）《大钟汉

经》：东南亚第一商业帝国。档案，41

（1），第 201-203页。

[45] TARIGAN，R.（2015）甘榜的卡吉·

希斯托里斯（甘榜历史博物馆）– 惹兰贾


10

加兰周围的甘榜惹兰贾加兰和惹兰·彼得

杜甘三宝垄。

[46] 基尔特（2014）[在线]可从以下网站

获得：https：//www.kitlv.nl [访问日期：

19/08/15]。

[47] 共同遗产地图集。[在线]可从以下网

站获得：

http://www.atlasofmutualheritage.nl [访问时

间：19/09/25]。

[48] 历史视频档案，火车穿越三宝垄的卡

利巴鲁悬索桥，1937 年。[在线]可从以下

网址获得：


DvA0 [19/09/25访问]。

[49] G. SASONGKO，HUNGA，I.A.R.，

JULANA ， A.S.N. ， WAHYUDI ， Y. ，

LELIAK，P. 和 A.D. HURUTA（2019）住

房发展公共政策：印度尼西亚三宝垄住房

发展案例研究。《洞察区域发展》，1

（3），第 280-300页。

1

Documents

KR_TheGloryofSemarang_SR.pdf - Undip PAK Repository