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8. 87-9"-,H#$&3 µ-& >2-#A#-2:2C->0 &#):4(* ($2 (4::2C->; 5,C2 The Global E-mergence of Gay and Lesbian Politics: National Imprints of a Worldwide Movement,2- "7-µ":*$53 Barry Adam, Jan Willem Duyvendak >&- André Krouwel "7-(*µ&%#24#;$- * -($2,->) 7,;(=&$* 2,&$;$*$& $A# :"(I-&>H# >&- C>5- 5C-#" ($& 7:&%(-& &#)-7$46*3 "#;3 µ2#$5,#24 >&7-$&:-($->2D 7&C>;(µ-24 (4($0µ&$23 $2 E"D$",2 µ-(; $24202D &-H#&, 724 9&:),A(" $243 E"(µ2D3 (4CC5#"-&3 (" 2->2#2µ->; >&- 7,2(A7->;"7%7"E2 >&- 5EA(" $2 7",-/H,-2 µ"C&:D$",*3 &4$2#2µ%&3 $24 472>"-µ5#24, "#H $;#--(" $2 E->&%Aµ) $24 ($*# "7-:2C0. P($;(2, $2#%@24# ;$- 2- &::&C53 &4$53 E"# 5924# $2#%E-2 &#$%>$472, 2D$" C%#2#$&- &72E">$53 µ" $2# %E-2 $,;72, (" E-&=2,"$->) >,)$*, >&-/H3 (9"$%@2#$&- )µ"(& µ" $27->53 &#$-:0L"-3 C-& $2 =D:2, $* ("624&:->;$*$& >&- $*(4CC5#"-&, 72:-$->53 $24 >,)$243 7,;#2-&3, /5µ&$& /,*(>"%&3, >&- $*# $272/5$*(*$A# >4I",#0("A# &75#&#$- ($2 7&C>;(µ-2 >&7-$&:-($->; (D($*µ& (1999: 5, 350-361).

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>&- $*# .=,->0 2- Wieringa & Blackwood (1999) 7&,&$*,2D# ;$-, &# * /"A,%& $*3>2-#A#->03 >&$&(>"403 2E0C*(" ($*# &#&C#H,-(* $*3 -($2,->;$*$&3 $24 (Hµ&$23>&- $*3 ("624&:->;$*$&3, "%#&- &7&,&%$*$* µ-& &#&/"H,*(* $*3 (95(*3 &#)µ"(& ($2(Hµ& >&- $2 >2-#A#->; C%C#"(/&-, * 272%& /& "7-$,57"- $*# &#)C#A(* $A# $,;7A# µ"$243 272%243 $2 (Hµ& >&- * >2-#A#%& E-&µ"(2:&I2D#$&- >&- &::*:"7-E,2D#. !:. "7%-(*3, Puar (2001), Tzen-La (2003), Blackwood (2005), "#H C-& µ-& (4#2 :->0 I-I:-2-C,&=->0 "7-(>;7*(* $*3 &#/,A72:2C->03 "#&(9;:*(*3 µ" 2µ;=4:"3 "7-/4µ%"3, (95-("-3 >&- 7,&>$->53 &7; $2 1993 >&- µ"$), I:. Boellstorff (2007).

10. !:. $2# (4::2C->; $;µ2Kuntsman & Miyake (2008), >&-Mizieli!ska (2001).11. K*# %E-& "7290 &#&ED"$&- &7; $-3 $)6"-3 $A# 7-2 ,-@2(7&($->H# $µ*µ) $A# $24

="µ-#-($->2D >-#0µ&$23 2 :"(I-&>;3 ="µ-#-(µ;3, µ" I&(->0 7&,&E290 $* /5(* ;$-47),9"- 24(-&($->0 (D#E"(* &#)µ"(& ($*# ",A$->0 0/>&- (4#&- (/*µ&$->0 (95(* µ"-$&6D C4#&->H# >&- $*# &#$%($&(* &75#&#$- ($*# 7&$,-&,9->0 "624(%&. N :"(I- &>;3="µ-#-(µ;3 E-&>0,4$$" ;$- E"# &=2,) &72>:"-($->) $*# 2µ2=4:;=-:* "7-/4µ%& &::)&72$":"% µ-& 72:-$->0 ($)(* &75#&#$- ($*# 7&$,-&,9%& >&-, 47; &4$0# $*# 5##2-&, &4-$29&,&>$*,-@;$&# A3 $2 7:52# &4/"#$->; >2µµ)$- $24 ="µ-#-(µ2D. P($;(2, E"# &72-$":2D(" µ-& "#-&%& 5>=,&(*, &::) 4-2/5$*(" E-&=2,"$->53 µ2,=53, ;7A3 &4$0 $24«("7&,&$-(µ2D» –2 7:0,*3 E-&9A,-(µ;3 &7; $243 )#E,"3, &#"6),$*$& &# &4$2% "%#&-2µ2=4:;=-:2- 0 "$",2=4:;=-:2-– 0 $24 «72:-$-(µ->2D :"(I-&>2D ="µ- #-(µ2D» –*"7-($,2=0 (" «&, 95C2#& 7,;$47&», ;7A3 &4$) $*3 1*$5,&3 B*3 0 $A# .µ&@;#A#. B-&

M 8::)E& I,-(>;$&# ">"%#* $*# "7290 (" >&/"($H3 E->$&$2,%&3,µ" &72$5:"(µ& 2- &#$%($2-92- 7,2I:*µ&$-(µ2% >&- >-#*$272-0("-3 #&"µ=&#-($2D# µ"$) $2 1974, >&$) $& 7,H$& 9,;#-& $*3 µ"$&72:%$"4(*3.O" 5#& >:%µ& 5#$2#A# &::&CH# >&- 72:-$->03 E,&($*,-272%*(*3, 5>&-#&# $*# "µ=)#-(0 $243 5#& ="µ-#-($->; >&- 5#& 2µ2=4:;=-:2 >%#*µ&µ" 5#$2#"3 «E4$->53» "7-E,)("-3, "#H $2 :"(I-&>;-="µ-#-($->; >%#*µ&,* -($2,%& $24 272%24 (4#4=&%#"$&- µ" ">"%#* $A# &4$;#2µA# ="µ-#--($->H# 2µ)EA# >&- $24 2µ2=4:;=-:24 >-#0µ&$23, /& &#&E4/"% :%C2&, C;$",&, ($& µ5(& µ" $5:* $*3 E">&"$%&3 $24 1970.12

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µ-& &#):4(* $24 ("7&,&$-(µ2D >&- $*3 (95(*3 $24 µ" $2# ="µ-#-(µ;, I:. Frye (1983).B-& µ-& µ"$&C"#5($",*, E-&=2,"$->0 )72L*, I:. Anderson (1994), Molina (1994), Lu-gones (1994). 87%(*3, C-& µ-& >,-$->0 7,2 (5CC-(* $24 72:-$-(µ->2D ="µ-#-(µ2D, I:.Echols (1983: 439-459), >&- C-& $*# 47",)(7-(0 $24, I:. Taylor & Rupp (1993: 32-61).

E>$;3, ;µA3, &7; $-3 E-&=2,"$->53 $24 ">=,)("-3, >4,%&,92 ($2-9"%2 $24 :"(I-&->2D ="µ-#-(µ2D 0$&# * (D@"46* $*3 ("624&:->;$*$&3 µ" $*# 72:-$->0 >&- * 5µ=&(*(" µ-& :"(I-&>0 $&4$;$*$& 724 /"A,*$->) (4#5#A#" >&- 2µ2C"#272-2D(" $-3 :"(I%"3.O$& $5:* $*3 E">&"$%&3 $24 1970 $2 >%#*µ& ),9-(" #& E59"$&- 5#$2#* >,-$->0 &7; $& µ5-(&, &7; $-3 %E-"3 $-3 :"(I%"3 724 &µ=-(I*$2D(&# $*# D7&,6* µ%&3 >&- µ;#*3 $&4$;$*-$&3 >&- -(94,%@2#$&# ;$- 47),924# 72::) )::& ($2-9"%&, ;7A3 * =4:0, * "/#->;$*$&,$2 9,Hµ&, * *:->%&, * >2-#A#->0 /5(*, * 2->2#2µ->0 >&$) ($& (*, 724 $-3 E-&=2,272--2D#. 8#E"->$->), I:. Moraga & Anzaldua (1981) >&-Nestle (1987). B-& µ-& 7,2(5C C-(*($& "::*#->), I:. ./&#&(%24 (2006&).

12.?"# 59"- C,&="%, 7,23 $2 7&,;#, * (4($*µ&$->0 -($2,%& $24 ="µ-#-($->2D, $24 2 µ2-=4:;=-:24, >&- $24 :"(I-&>2D >-#0µ&$23 µ"$) $* µ"$&72:%$"4(*. 86&%,"(* &72$":2D#2- E-E&>$2,->53 E-&$,-I53 $A# Papagaroufali (1990) >&- Simitis (2002), 724 & =2 ,2D# $2#9H,2 $24 ="µ-#-(µ2D, >&- 2- E-E&>$2,->53 E-&$,-I53 $A# Kantsa (2001) >&- Riedel (2005),724 &#&=5,2#$&- ($*# -($2,%& $24 :"(I-&>2D >&- 2µ2=4:;=-:24 >-#0µ&$23. K& ),/,& $A#B&,%>& (1992), Kyriazis (1995), G&7&C& ,24=):* (1995/96) >&- 1-9272D:24 (1995/96)&#&=5,2#$&- ($*# -($2,%& $24 &4$;#2µ24 ="µ-#-($->2D >-#0µ&$23, "#H * 7,;(=&$* E*-µ2(%"4(* $24 I-I:%24 $*3 Q-:%>&3 17;µ72:24 (2008) 7,2(=5,"- µ-& "->;#& $A# /"µ)-$A# 724 &7&(9;:*(&# $2 &4$;#2µ2 ="µ-#-($->; >%#*µ& «&7; $& µ5(&». B-& &#):2C"3 7,2-("CC%("-3 µ" &#&=2,) ($2 :"(I-&>; >&- 2µ2=4:;=-:2 >%#*µ&, I:. $2 ),/,2 $*3 T"4EA-#Dµ24 (1992) >&- $2 I-I:%2 $24 X"2 EA,& >;724 :24 (2005).

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.# >&- ">$-µH 72:D $*# "-:->,%#"-&, 7)#$& 47),9"- >)$- 724 µ" (4C>,&$"%& 7; $2 #& $243 µ-:0(A. .::) * ;:* >&$)($&(* µ" &7&(92:"% 7),& 72 :D.F(2 µ"C&:H#A ;:2 >&- 7-2 72:D µ" &#*(49"%. 1" 7"-,)@"- C-&$% /& 0/":&#& 59A µ-& 4C-0 >&- "-:->,-#0 (95(* >&$’ &,90# µ" $243 C2#"%3 µ24 >&- D -($",& µ" ;:243 $243 )::243. X& 0/":& #& $2 65,&#", &::) E"# #-H/A &>;µ*5$2-µ*. !:57"-3, "%#&- 2- 7,H$2- 724 7,57"- #& µ)/24#. X5:A #& 6">-#0(Aµ" &4$2D3. ?"# µ" #2-)@"- $;(2 C-& $243 =%:243. […] 8# $)6"-, µ" #2-)@"-..::) #2µ%@A ;$- &# µ72,2D(& #& >)#A $2 7,H$2 I0µ& >&- #& $2 7A ($243C2#"%3 µ24, $;$" /& µ72,2D(& #& $2 7A >&- (" ;:243 $243 )::243.

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E"-Cµ&, I:. du Boulay (1974: 217) >&- Kennedy (1986: 211)–, * 5,"4#& C-& =-:%"3 µ"$&-6D C4#&->H# I,%(>"$&- (" &,9->; ($)E-2. .#$%/"$&, 2- (95("-3 µ"$&6D &#E,H# 5 924# $D-9"- µ"C&:D$",*3 7,2(2903, $;(2 ($2# &C,2$->; ;(2 >&- ($2# &($->; 9H,2. B:. Herzfeld(1985), Papataxiarchis (1991), B-&##&>;724:23 (1996), G&7&C"A,C%24 (1998).

22.K2 @0$*µ& $*3 µ*$,;$*$&3 ($*# "::*#->0 >2-#A#%& >&- $*3 (D#E"(03 $*3 µ" $2#C)µ2 >&- $2 –(Dµ=A#& µ" $243 Loizos & Papataxiarchis (1991)– «2->-&>; µ2#$5:2 $24=D:24» (4C>&$&:5C"$&- ($& &C&7*µ5#& /5µ&$& $*3 "::*#->03 "/#2C,&=%&3. G,;(=& -$"3 5,"4#"3 &72µ&>,D#2#$&- &7; $* µ":5$* $*3 µ*$,;$*$&3 ($& 7:&%(-& $24 "$",2=4-:;=-:24 C)µ24 >&- $*3 2->2C5#"-&3 >&- $*# "6"$)@24# (" (95(* µ" $2# "/#- >- (µ;, $2 (H- µ&, $* ("624&:->;$*$& >&- $-3 #5"3 $"9#2:2C%"3 &#&7&,&CAC03. !:. ./&#&(%24 (2003,2006), Paxson (2004, 2006), Halkias (2003, 2004), '&#$() (2006), Georges (2008).

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