Hydrologic and Water-Quality Data for Two Small Watersheds on

Catoctin Mountain, North-Central Maryland, 1987-93

By Karen C. Rice, Margaret M. Kennedy, Christiana A. Carter, Robert T. Anderson, and Owen P. Bricker

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Open-File Report 95-151

Prepared in cooperation with the

MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT, MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, and the NATIONAL ACID PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT PROGRAM

Towson, Maryland 1996

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORBRUCE BABBITT, SecretaryU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Gordon P. Eaton, Director

For additional information write to:

District Chief, Maryland U.S. Geological Survey 208 Carroll Building 8600 La Salle Road Towson, MD 21286

Copies of this report can be purchased from:

U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Box 25286 Denver, CO 80225-0286

CONTENTS

Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... 1Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1

Purpose and scope .......................................................................................................................... 3Description of study area .............................................................................................................. 3Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... 5

Collection and analysis of data ................................................................................................................... 5Instrumentation used in study area ................................................................................................. 5Field data-collection techniques ................................................................................................... 10

Precipitation .................................................................................................................... 10Throughfall ..................................................................................................................... 11Soil water ........................................................................................................................ 12Ground water .................................................................................................................. 13Streamwater .................................................................................................................... 15Synoptic surveys of other surface and ground waters ..................................................... 17

Sample processing........................................................................................................................ 19Laboratory methods ..................................................................................................................... 20Quality assurance and quality control .......................................................................................... 24

Water-quality data .................................................................................................................................... 25Precipitation ............................................................................................................................... 25Throughfall .................................................................................................................................. 25Soil water ..................................................................................................................................... 25Ground water ............................................................................................................................... 26Streamwater ................................................................................................................................. 26Other surface and ground waters ................................................................................................. 29

References cited ........................................................................................................................................ 30

FIGURES

1-2. Maps showing location of:1. Catoctin Mountain in Frederick County, Maryland ....................................................................... 22. Study area ...................................................................................................................................... 4

3-4. Maps showing location of instrumentation sites in the:3. Bear Branch watershed, Frederick County, Maryland ................................................................... 64. Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Frederick County, Maryland ................................................. 8

5. Diagram showing precipitation-monitoring equipment at the precipitation- collection station, Cunningham Falls State Park, Maryland ........................................................ 10

6-8. Schematics of general components of a:6. Throughfall collector ................................................................................................................... 117. Zero-tension soil lysimeter .......................................................................................................... 138. Shallow ground-water well point................................................................................................. 15

9. Diagram showing sampling equipment at the Bear Branch streamflow-gaging station, CatoctinMountain, Maryland .................................................................................................................... 18

10. Hydrographs showing altitude of the water table in well points in the Bear Branch watershed, andFishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93 ............................. 27

11. Hydrographs showing mean daily discharge at the streamflow-gaging stations in the Bear Branch watershed, 1990-93, and Fishing Creek tributary watershed, 1987-93, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland .................................................................................................................... 28

TABLES

1. Construction data for soil-water lysimeters in the Bear Branch and Fishing Creektributary watersheds, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland ................................................................... 14

2. Construction data for water-level observation and water-quality well points in the Bear Branch and Fishing Creek tributary watersheds, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland ............................................ 16

3. Summary of collection and analysis of samples from the Bear Branch andFishing Creek tributary watersheds, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 ............................. 21

4. Laboratory analysis methods and minimum detection limits at the U.S. GeologicalSurvey trace elements and nutrients laboratory in Reston, Virginia ............................................ 22

IV

TABLES-Continued

5. Chemical analyses of precipitation collected from the U.S. Geological Surveyprecipitation-collection station at Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 ................................. 36

6. Chemical analyses of throughfall collected from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain,Maryland, 1990-93 ....................................................................................................................... 54

7. Chemical analyses of throughfall collected from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, CatoctinMountain, Maryland, 1990-93 ..................................................................................................... 64

8. Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Bear Branch watershed, CatoctinMountain, Maryland, 1990-93 ..................................................................................................... 70

9. Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Fishing Creek tributarywatershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93 .................................................................... 80

10. Altitude of the water table in well points in the Bear Branch watershed, CatoctinMountain, Maryland, 1991-93 ..................................................................................................... 88

11. Altitude of the water table in well points in the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, CatoctinMountain, Maryland, 1991-93 .................................................................................................... 94

12. Chemical analyses of ground water collected from and near the Bear Branchwatershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1992-93 .................................................................... 96

13. Chemical analyses of ground water collected from the Fishing Creek tributarywatershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1988-93 .................................................................... 98

14. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the BearBranch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93 ...................................................... 100

15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the BearBranch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93 ...................................................... 112

16. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the FishingCreek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 ......................................... 136

17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the FishingCreek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 ......................................... 156

18. Chemical analyses of other surface and ground waters collected duringbiannual synoptic surveys from the Bear Branch and Fishing Creek tributarywatersheds, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93 ................................................................. 192

CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND ABBREVIATIONS

Multiply By To obtain

micrometer (jam)

millimeter (mm)

meter (m)

kilometer (km)

microliter (|aL)

milliliter (mL)

liter (L)

hectare (ha)

liter per second (L/s)

meter per kilometer (m/km)

0.00003937

0.03937

3.281

0.6214

0.00003381

0.03381

33.82

2.471

0.03531

5.280

inch

inch

foot

mile

ounce, fluid

ounce, fluid

ounce, fluid

acre

cubic foot per second

foot per mile

Sea level: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 a. geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929.

Abbreviated water-quality units used in this report: Chemical concentrations and water temperature are given in metric units. Chemical concentration in water is given in microequivalents per liter (|aeq/L) or micromoles per liter (|amol/L). Microequivalents per liter and micromoles per liter units are used because they are the most accurate and meaningful units with which to report the chemistry of dilute waters. Microequivalents per liter is a unit expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution as equivalent charges (equivalents) of solute per unit volume (liter) of water. One thousand microequivalents per liter is equal to one milliequivalent per liter. Stable-isotope concentration is reported in per mille (per mil), which is equivalent to parts per thousand.

Specific conductance of water is expressed in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (|aS/cm). This unit is equivalent to micromhos per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (|amho/cm), formerly used by the U.S. Geological Survey. pH is given in standard units, which can be converted to microequivalents per liter of hydrogen ion (H+) by use of the following equation:

PH=[-log(H+)][lxl06]

Temperature is given in degrees Celsius (°C), which can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by use of the following equation:

°F=1.8(°C) + 32

VI

CONVERSION OF UNITS OF CONCENTRATION

Multiply the concentration of ionic chemical species in microequivalents per liter (ueq/L) or micromoles per liter (umol/L) by the appropriate factor given below to obtain the concentration in milligrams per liter (mg/L). Concentrations expressed in microequivalents per liter, as they are in this report, are particularly useful when computing cation-anion balances.

Multiply microequivalent per liter units for:

By To obtain milligram per liter units for:

Hydrogen (H+)Calcium (Ca2+)Magnesium (Mg2*)Sodium (Na+)Potassium (1C)Aluminum (A13+)Iron (Fe2+)Ammonium (NH4+)Chloride (Cl')Nitrite (NO/)Nitrate (NCy)Sulfate (SO42-)Bicarbonate (HCCy)Silica (SiO2) (micromoles per liter)

0.001010.020040.012150.022990.039100.008990.027920.018050.035450.046010.062010.048030.061020.06009

H+Ca2*Mg2+Na*K+A13+Fe2+NH4+

ClNO2-NO3-S042

HCO3SiO2

VII

Hydrologic and Water-Quality Data for Two Small Watersheds on Catoctin Mountain, North-Central Maryland, 1987-93

By Karen C. Rice, Margaret M. Kennedy, Christiana A. Carter, Robert T. Anderson, and Owen P. Bricker

ABSTRACT

Hydrologic and water-quality data were collected during 1987-93 from a precipitation-collection station and from two small watersheds on Catoctin Mountain, north-central Maryland, as part of investigations of acidic deposition and episodic acidification and their effects on streamwater quality. Detailed descriptions of the site instrumentation in the two watersheds, field data-collection techniques, and laboratory methods used to conduct the studies are included and the information is summarized in tables. Data were collected on precipitation, throughfall, soil water, ground water, streamwater, and other surface and ground waters that were sampled during biannual synoptic surveys.

Data collected since October 1987 from one of the streamwater-quality monitoring sites and data collected since March 1988 from one of the ground-water-quality monitoring sites are included. Also included are data collected since January 1987 from the precipitation station and data collected since June 1990 from all of the other water-quality monitoring sites. Hydrologic data include tables of precipitation and throughfall quantities, streamflow, and synoptic measurements of ground-water levels. Selected hydrologic data are shown in graphs. Water-quality data include tables showing the chemical analyses of samples of precipitation, throughfall, soil water, ground water, streamwater, and other surface and ground waters collected during biannual synoptic surveys.

INTRODUCTION

Hydrologic and water-quality data for precipitation, throughfall, soil water, ground water, streamwater, and other surface and ground waters were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE), the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR), and the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), as part of investigations to determine the effects of acidic deposition and episodic acidification on two small watersheds on Catoctin Mountain in Frederick County, Maryland (fig. 1). The episodic acidification investigation was conducted in response to legislature passed by the State of Maryland in 1989 establishing the MDE Stream Acidification Monitoring Program. Data were collected from the Bear Branch watershed during 1990-93 and from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed during 1987-93. Precipitation data have been collected from Catoctin Mountain since 1982.

Precipitation- and streamwater-quality monitoring on Catoctin Mountain is an ongoing effort designed to maintain a long-term data base for future acidic-deposition and water-quality studies. Even though the monitoring is ongoing, this report only provides data collected from 1987 to 1993.

77°30'

PENNSYLVANIA 77°15'

MILES

39°30'

012345 KILOMETERS

VIRGINIA

Figure 1 . Location of Catoctin Mountain in Frederick County, Maryland

Purpose and Scope

This report presents hydrologic and water-quality data that were collected from the Bear Branch watershed and the Fishing Creek tributary watershed on Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, during 1987-93. Included in the report are descriptions of the instrumentation in the watersheds, field data-collection techniques, and laboratory methods used to conduct the studies. Data for the quantity and chemical quality of precipitation, throughfall, soil water, ground water, streamwater, and other surface and ground waters sampled during biannual synoptic surveys are listed in tables. Graphs of selected hydrologic data are included.

Description of Study Area

The two watersheds and the precipitation-water-quality-collection station in the study area are located on Catoctin Mountain near the town of Thurmont in the northwestern part of Frederick County, Maryland (fig. 2). This region of Maryland is situated in the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province of the Appalachian Highlands division (Fenneman, 1946). The streams that flow through the watersheds are Bear Branch and an unnamed tributary to Fishing Creek. For simplicity, in this report, the streams and their corresponding watersheds will be referred to as "Bear Branch" and "Fishing Creek tributary." Bear Branch is located approximately 3 km west of the town of Thurmont, and Fishing Creek tributary is located approximately 10 km south of Bear Branch and approximately 3 km west of the town of Lewistown (fig. 2). Both streams drain to the Monocacy River, a tributary of the Potomac River (fig. 1). The Potomac River is a major tributary of Chesapeake Bay.

Bear Branch is located on State-designated wild lands within Cunningham Falls State Park. Bear Branch is a small, eastward-flowing, perennial headwater stream. The 98-hectare (ha) watershed is forested with deciduous (oak, maple, beech, wild cherry, poplar) and coniferous (hemlock) trees. The area is utilized as parkland where only day hiking and hunting are allowed. The topography is steep and rocky, and the average stream gradient is 203 m/km (20 percent). The watershed is underlain entirely by the lower unit of the Weverton Formation (Fauth, 1977). The soils consist of Ultisols and Inceptisols and are mapped as the Edgemont-Chandler series complex, which consists of very stony loams with 20- to 60-percent slopes (Matthews, 1960). A USGS streamflow-gaging station (USGS identification number 01640980) was installed near the outlet of the watershed during May 1990 and has been in continuous operation from June 1990 to the present (1995).

Fishing Creek tributary is located partly on a State-owned fish hatchery and partly on privately owned forested land. Fishing Creek tributary is a small, eastward-flowing, perennial headwater stream. The 104-ha watershed is forested with deciduous trees (oak, maple, beech, poplar) and evergreen shrubs (mountain laurel). The topography is moderately steep and rocky, and the average stream gradient is 118 m/km (12 percent). The watershed is underlain entirely by the upper unit of the Weverton Formation (Fauth, 1977). The soils consist of Ultisols and Inceptisols and are mapped as the Edgemont-Chandler series complex, which consists of very stony loams with 0- to 20-percent and 20- to 60-percent slopes, and as the Braddock series complex, which consists of moderately eroded gravelly and cobbly loams with 8- to 15-percent slopes (Matthews, 1960). A USGS streamflow-gaging station (USGS identification number 01641510) was installed near the outlet of the watershed during September 1987 and has been in continuous operation from October 1987 to the present (1995).

77°30' 77°22'30"

CATOCTIN

NATIONAL PARK

Cuaningbam

Falls

Precipitation-water- . -quality-collection station / Bear s' **"$£'?'& *'" Stream-flow-

r Branch gaging static

AN" CUNNINCHAM FALLS

Stream-flow- gaging station

ishing Creek tributary) Lewistown

StateFish Hatchery

Fishing Creek Reservoir

CAMBRILL STATE PARK

Base Map from U.S. Geological Survey, 1:100,0005 MILES

KILOMETERS

Figure 2. Location of study area.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Maryland Department of Natural Resources for allowing the precipitation-collection station and the instrumentation in the Bear Branch watershed to be maintained on Cunningham Falls State Park property, and for the instrumentation in the Fishing Creek tributary watershed to be maintained on Lewistown State Fish Hatchery property. Appreciation is given to the park rangers of Catoctin National Park for their permission and assistance in sampling the well at Camp Peniel. The authors would also like to thank William D. Miller of Cunningham Falls State Park and Michael A. Shaw and Raymond M. Richardson of the Lewistown State Fish Hatchery for providing information and assistance whenever it was needed. Appreciation is given to Karl C. Weaver of the Maryland Department of the Environment and Paul E. Miller of the DNR for their reviews of this report. The authors would also like to thank Kathleen M. Buppert, a former MDE employee, for her assistance in data collection.

COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

The instrumentation used to collect the data, field-data-collection techniques, and laboratory methods and instrumentation used to analyze the samples are described in this section. Hydrologic data include quantities of precipitation and throughfall that were collected when available, ground-water levels that were measured weekly, and stream stage recorded at 15-minute intervals and at more frequent but irregular intervals during stormflow sampling. The water-quality data include chemical analyses of samples of precipitation, throughfall, upper soil water, and lower soil water that were collected when available; samples of ground water from springs and wells that were collected periodically; samples of streamwater that were collected on a weekly and biweekly basis and during stormflow; and samples of other surface and ground waters that were collected during biannual synoptic surveys.

Instrumentation Used in Study Area

Each watershed was equipped with a staff gage and Fisher Porter1 analog-to-digital stream-stage recorder, a Campbell Scientific CR10 data logger, a stream-stage potentiometer, an ISCO Model 2700 automatic water sampler, a Sierra Misco Model ES-160 tipping-bucket rain gage, a solar panel and voltage regulator, a shelter to house this equipment, throughfall collectors, zero-tension soil lysimeters, and a series of shallow ground-water well points. The locations of all of the sites and instrumentation for hydrologic and water-quality monitoring for Bear Branch and Fishing Creek tributary are shown in figures 3 and 4, respectively.

Data collection by the Campbell Scientific CR10 data logger began in each watershed in June 1990. The CR10 data loggers were grounded with lightning rods and were powered by a 12-volt Power Sonic rechargeable battery. The CR10 data loggers used at each site recorded the streamwater levels sensed by the stream-stage potentiometer, triggered the ISCO automatic sampler to begin the stormflow sampling program, and recorded the number of tips made by the tipping-bucket rain gage during each 15- minute interval. All data recorded by the CR10 data loggers were automatically downloaded to data­ storage modules at 15-minute intervals. The data-storage module connected to the CR10 data logger was exchanged with an empty data-storage module on a weekly basis and the data were downloaded to a computer in the office. Each ISCO was powered by a 12-volt marine wet-cell battery that was recharged by a voltage regulator connected to a solar panel.

1 Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.

BASE FROM U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1:24,000 1 MILES I

I1 KILOMETERS

EXPLANATION

ss3 Synoptic water sampling site and number

eoo TOPOGRAPHIC CONTOUR - shows equal altitude of land surface. Contour interval is 20 feet. Datum is sea level.

Figure 3. Location of instrumentation sites in the Bear Branch watershed, Frederick County, Maryland.

7r26'24"

39°37'15" -

Equipment shelter

EXPLANATION

233 Topographic contour shows equal altitude of land surface. Contour interval is 1 meter. Datum is sea level.

Coniferous throughfall collector

Deciduous throughfall collector

Pit 1 n Lysimeter

3O Ground water well point and number

ADR Analog-to-digital recorder

fc- Direction of stream flow

9 METERS

15 25 FEET

Figure 3. Location of instrumentation sites in the Bear Branch watershed, Frederick County, Maryland-Continued

mm^jmih »^a (1 W&/JJJJ*''''V /' i^ yVfoo/v'^V I)];// '.f<^r^n;/, & £%&£. Mm^m^,-.

BASE FROM U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1:24,000 1 MILES J

1 KILOMETERS

EXPLANATION

ss1 Synoptic water sampling site and number

eoo TOPOGRAPHIC CONTOUR - shows equal altitude of land surface. Contour interval is 20 feet. Datum is sea level.

Figure 4. Location of instrumentation sites in the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Frederick County, Maryland.

77°26'48"

39°32'09"

Equipment s^k shelter

EXPLANATION

766 Topographic contour shows equal altitude of land surface. Contour interval is 1 meter. Datum is sea level.

Throughfall collector beneath deciduous canopy

Pit 1D Lysimeter

1 O Ground water well point and number

ADR Analog-to-digital recorder

Direction of stream flow

9 METERS

15 25 FEET

Figure 4. Location of instrumentation sites in the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Frederick County, Maryland-

Continued

Field Data-Collection Techniques

^TAT^m SamplCS WCre collected in accordance with National Acid Deposition Program (NADP) protocols. Specialized instrumentation and methods developed by USGS employees were used m the field to collect the hydrologic and water-quality data for throughfall, soil water ground water streamwater, and other surface and ground waters sampled during synoptic surveys. This section is' organized into subsections that have descriptions of how each type of water was collected- the subsections are arranged in the general order that water moves through a watershed.

Precipitation

The USGS Catoctin Mountain precipitation-collection station, located in Cunningham Falls State Park, was put in operation in January 1982. Data were collected from the station continuously from 1982 and were used for a variety of USGS projects. The precipitation-collection equipment was situated on top ot a 7.6-m-high water-storage tank and was free of surrounding tree canopy, which meets the NADP angle criteria (Robertson and Wilson, 1985). The collection equipment included an Aerochem Metrics Model 301 wet/dry-atmospheric-deposition collector for major inorganic ions, a Belfort 5-780 Series weighing-bucket ram gage, and from June 1990 to December 1993, a Sierra Misco Model ES-160 tipping-bucket rain gage, and a Campbell Scientific CR21 data logger. The tipping-bucket rain gage was added as a backup to ensure collection of data through the entire period of record The collection equipment was anchored to a 2-m-tall wooden platform on top of the water tank. The elevated equipment served to minimize contamination of the samples by "splash up" from the top of the water tank and to discourage vandalism. In April 1993, the precipitation-collection station was reconstructed to accommodate an additional Aerochem Metrics collector for trace elements for another USGS study After reconstruction, the platform was increased in size from 1.2 m by 1.2 m to 1 2 m by 3 6 m The height of the platform above the top of the water tank (2 m) remained the same, which allowed the openings of the weighing- and tipping-bucket rain gages to remain at the same heights as before reconstruction. The orientation of the Aerochem Metrics collector was changed so that the collector opened from west to east, rather than from south to north. A diagram of the precipitation monitoring equipment at the precipitation-collection station on top of the water tank after reconstruction is shown in

Sierra Misco ModelES-160 tipping-bucket

rain gage

Trace elements bulk deposition collector

Cabinet withCR21 data logger,

data-storagemodule, and

12-volt battery

Aerochem Metrics Model 301 wet/dry-atmospheric- deposition collector

Belfort 5-780. Series weighing- bucket rain gage

W B t e' r T a ti

Madrid' Precipitation-monitorin9 equipment at the precipitation-collection station, Cunningham Falls State Park,

10

The Aerochem Metrics collector was used to collect a weekly wet-deposition sample (if available) for chemical and isotopic analysis. The collector was powered by a 12-volt marine wet-cell battery. The weighing- and tipping-bucket rain gages recorded the quantity of precipitation that fell at the precipitation-collection station and the time and duration of rainstorms. The weighing-bucket rain gage recorded daily amounts of precipitation on a 7-day strip chart with ink, which was rotated by a spring-wound drive mechanism. The tipping-bucket rain gage was connected to the Campbell Scientific CR21 data logger that was powered by a separate 12-volt Power Sonic rechargeable battery and a data­ storage module. The 15-minute total rainfall was recorded by the data logger and automatically downloaded to the data-storage module.

The weekly service site visit included changing the rain chart on the Belfort weighing-bucket rain gage, replacing the Aerochem Metrics wet-deposition collection bucket, and replacing the CR21 data­ storage module. Each week, the amount of water in the weighing-bucket rain gage was checked to ensure that there was a depth of approximately 25 mm of water in the bucket. During the winter months, antifreeze was added to the water to prevent freezing, and during the summer months, mineral oil was added to minimize evaporation of the water in the weighing-bucket rain gage. The rain chart was returned to the office where daily and monthly precipitation totals were calculated and recorded. Weekly precipitation samples (if available) were collected from the Aerochem Metrics collector. The wet- deposition collection bucket, which contained the precipitation sample, was replaced with an empty bucket that had been previously rinsed three times with distilled water. When there was no precipitation sample, the bucket was still replaced with a clean one. The precipitation samples were submitted to the USGS trace elements and nutrients laboratory in Reston, Va., for chemical analysis. Starting in June 1990, samples were sent to the USGS isotope fractionation laboratory in Reston, Va., for stable isotope analysis. The data-storage module connected to the CR21 and to the tipping-bucket rain gage was replaced with an empty data-storage module, and the data on the retrieved data-storage module were downloaded to a computer in the office. Results of data collection at the USGS Catoctin Mountain precipitation-collection station during 1982-91 can be found in Rice and others (1993).

Precipitation

Throughfall

Throughfall collectors used for collecting precipitation that falls through the forest canopy were installed in each watershed. The collectors consisted of a 203-mm-diameter polyethylene funnel that was connected to a 1-L brown polyethylene collection bottle by Tygon tubing (fig. 6). The tubing was looped to prevent evaporation of the sample. A Tru-chek plastic rain gage attached to each throughfall collector gave an approximate measure of the amount of throughfall collected at each site. The funnels were located approximately 1.2 m above the forest floor to help minimize "splash up." In the Bear Branch watershed, three collectors were located beneath the canopies of deciduous trees and three collectors were located beneath the canopies of coniferous trees (fig. 3).

Throughfall

Funnel

Tygon tubing Water in tubing

Polyethylene collection bottle Support stake

Figure 6. General components of a throughfall collector.

11

In the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, three collectors were located beneath the canopies of deciduous trees (fig. 4).

Throughfall samples were collected on a weekly basis. Depending on the number of rainstorms during the week, the throughfall sample represented either a single storm or was a composite of more than one storm. At the time of sample collection, the amount of rainfall collected in each rain gage was recorded. The sample in each collection bottle was transferred to a plastic 3.8-L jug; after all the collectors were visited, the 3.8-L jug held a composite sample of the three throughfall collectors. The funnels, throughfall collection bottles, and Tygon tubing were thoroughly rinsed with distilled water after the samples were collected in preparation for the next rainstorm. If there was no precipitation/throughfall during the week, the collectors were still rinsed and cleaned with distilled water. One deciduous and one coniferous composite throughfall sample was collected from Bear Branch and one deciduous composite throughfall sample was collected from Fishing Creek tributary. These samples were submitted to the appropriate laboratories for chemical and isotopic analysis.

Soil Water

Zero-tension soil lysimeters used for collecting gravity-draining soil water were installed near the streams. Two lysimeter pits were hand dug in each watershed. Both pits at Bear Branch and one of the pits at Fishing Creek tributary had lysimeters at two distinct depths; the second pit at Fishing Creek tributary had lysimeters at three distinct depths. The lysimeters in all the pits consisted of two shallow 229-mm by 279-mm polyethylene pans that were filled with polyethylene beads to prevent the pans from filling with soil. A drain hole was drilled into one end of each pan. The drain hole was covered by fiberglass mesh that acted as a filter and a wick for the soil water. Two pans were inserted at a slight upward angle (5° to 10° above the horizontal) into the vertical wall of the dug soil pit, each at the same level. Two pans were used at each level in order to maximize the amount of sample collected. Tubing from the drain holes of both pans led to a Y-connector; from there the water drained by gravity to a 19-L polyethylene carboy. The carboy had a length of tubing, weighted at the bottom, which led up through the cap of the carboy to above the ground surface. The tubing above the ground surface was pinched off with a plastic tube constrictor to prevent evaporation of the sample from the carboy. A diagram of a representative lysimeter pit is shown in figure 7.

In the Bear Branch watershed, pit 1 was dug into the steep north bank of the stream and pit 2 was dug into the less steep south bank of the stream (fig. 3). In each pit, the two upper pans were located beneath the organic-litter layer at a depth of 0.10 to 0.15 m below land surface. The two lower pans were located between 0.46 and 0.51 m below land surface, below most roots and in zones of very rocky soil.

In the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, two lysimeter pits were dug into the steeper south bank of the stream (fig. 4). Pit 1 was located near a rock outcrop above the streamflow-gaging station and had two levels of pans, whereas pit 2 was located approximately 18 m upstream of pit 1 and had three levels of pans. In both pits, the two upper pans were located beneath the organic-litter layer at a depth of 0.10 to 0.15 m below land surface. The two lower pans in pit 1 were located at a depth of 0.51 m, whereas the middle pans in pit 2 were located at a depth of 0.91 m, and the lower pans were installed at a depth of 1.37 m below land surface. Construction data for each of the lysimeter pits are summarized in table 1.

12

Sample delivery tube forLysimeter pan lower Pans

1 Polyethylene beadsTubing constrictor

Fiberglass mesh

Black poly . tubing \

Tygon tubing

Land surface

Sample delivery tube for upper pans

Upper pans

Vertical face of soil

Lower pans

Carboys

Figure 7. General components of a zero-tension soil lysimeter.

Water in the zero-tension soil lysimeters was withdrawn and a sample was collected whenever stormflow samples had been collected by the ISCO automatic sampler. During periods when no stormflow samples were collected by the ISCO automatic sampler, the lysimeter carboys were emptied every 2 to 4 weeks, which usually allowed enough time to ensure that sufficient sample for chemical and isotopic analysis could be retrieved. The water in the lysimeters was withdrawn using a portable Masterflex peristaltic pump. The tubing from the carboy that led up to the ground surface was connected to the silicon tubing on the peristaltic pump, and the sample was pumped by suction to the surface and into a plastic 3.8-L jug. A different 3.8-L jug was used for each level of lysimeter pans in each pit. The tubing in the peristaltic pump was rinsed with distilled water after each carboy was pumped dry. Both carboys in each pit were pumped dry in preparation for the next rainstorm. The soil-water samples from each pit from each level were submitted to the appropriate laboratories for chemical and isotopic analysis.

Ground Water

Shallow ground-water well points were installed at each site. The well points were used to monitor the depth of the water table and to sample shallow ground water. The well-point casings were constructed of 50-mm-diameter, schedule-40 stainless steel; the screens were 304 stainless steel with a slot size of 0.254 mm (fig. 8). The stainless steel well points were installed by hand, driving with a sledge hammer as far as they would go after the water table was reached. In order to prevent contamination of ground water by well construction, no grout near ground surface, no bentonite seals above the screened portions, and no packing material around the screens were used. A plastic apron was installed around the bottom of each well point where it met ground surface to prevent surface water from draining down the outside of the casing. All well points were capped with stainless-steel caps.

In the Bear Branch watershed, four well points were installed along a line perpendicular to the stream near the streamflow-gaging station-two wells on the south side of the stream and two wells on the north side of the stream (fig. 3). In the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, two well points were installed- one on the south bank of the stream near the streamflow-gaging station, and one in the relatively flat area upstream of the streamflow-gaging station (fig. 4). Construction data for the shallow ground-water well points are summarized in table 2.

13

Table 1. Construction data for soil-water lysimeters in the Bear Branch and Fishing Creek tributary watersheds, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland

Lysimeter pits

Pit 1 Upper

Pit 1 Lower

Pit 2 Upper

Pit 2 Lower

Pit 1 Upper

Pit 1 Lower

Pit 2 Upper

Pit 2 Middle

Pit 2 Lower

Date Altitude of constructed land surface

(meters)

9/20/90

9/20/90

9/21/90

9/21/90

9/24/90

9/24/90

9/24/90

9/24/90

9/24/90

Bear Branch

237.37

237.37

236.46

236.46

Fishing Creek tributary

168.09

168.09

171.02

171.02

171.02

Depth below land surface

(meters)

0.10-0.15

.51

.15

.46

0.15

,51

0.10-0.15

.91

1.37

14

-Cap

-Well diameter = 50 millimeters

Plastic apron ^-Land surface

i Screened interval slot size = 0.254 millimeter

-Solid stainless steel

Figure 8. General components of a shallow ground-water well point.

During periods of stream base flow, shallow ground-water samples were collected periodically from selected well points at each site by inserting a length of Tygon tubing into the well and pumping the sample to the surface by suction with a peristaltic pump. Shallow ground-water samples also were collected from a perennially discharging spring in the Fishing Creek tributary watershed (inset map of fig. 4). Water levels in the wells were measured weekly by use of the wetted-steel tape method (Kazmann, 1965, p. 145). Water temperature in each well point was measured by lowering a mercury-filled thermometer tied to nylon line into the well point and allowing it to equilibrate. The thermometer was then pulled up and out of the well-point casing and the temperature was read and recorded.

Deep ground water was sampled monthly beginning in May 1993 from the Camp Peniel well, a deep (62 m) water-supply well completed in the Weverton Formation. The Camp Peniel well is located near the Bear Branch watershed (fig. 3). Water samples were collected at a pumphouse located on the south side of the Camp Peniel Administration building. A garden hose was connected to a spigot inside the pumphouse. The water was pumped to the house spigot by a Red Jacket submersible pump located at a depth of 58 m in the well. The well was purged for approximately 30 minutes prior to sampling. After 30 minutes of pumping, specific conductance and pH measurements were taken every 5 minutes. Once specific conductance and pH values had stabilized, a sample was collected in a 3.8-L jug that had been rinsed three times with sample water. Ground-water samples were submitted to the appropriate laboratories for chemical and isotopic analysis.

Streamwater

The staff gage and analog-to-digital recorder in each watershed were used to determine and record stream stage near the outlet of the watersheds (figs. 3 and 4). Existing natural controls in the streams provided a pool where the staff gage could be located. The stream stage was recorded on paper tape at 15-minute intervals by the Fisher Porter analog-to-digital recorder. Every 6 weeks the paper tape was removed, and a discharge measurement of the stream was made according to methods described in Buchanan and Somers (1968, 1969). The stream-stage data and the periodic discharge measurements were used to develop log-log rating curves, with coefficient of determination (r2) values ranging from 0.893 to 0.997, from which instantaneous stream discharges were calculated according to methods described in Kennedy (1983, 1984).

15

Tab

le 2

. C

onst

ruct

ion

data

for

wat

er-l

evel

obs

erva

tion

and

wat

er-q

ualit

y w

ell p

oint

s in

the

Bea

r B

ranc

h an

d Fi

shin

g C

reek

tri

buta

ry w

ater

shed

s, C

atoc

tin M

ount

ain,

Mar

ylan

d

[m, m

eter

s; m

m,

mill

imet

ers]

Wel

l- po

int

num

ber

1 2 3 4

Dat

e of

co

nstr

uctio

n

2/13

/91

2/13

/91

2/13

/91

2/13

/91

Alti

tude

of

land

sur

face

(m

)

234.

82

234.

88

235.

92

235.

51

Dep

th o

f w

ell

poin

t (m

)

1.19

1.08

2.80

1.75

Cas

ing

and

scre

en

mat

eria

l

Bea

r B

ranc

h

stai

nles

s st

eel

stai

nles

s st

eel

stai

nles

s st

eel

stai

nles

s st

eel

Dia

met

er o

f sc

reen

ed

inte

rval

(m

m)

50 50 50 50

Slot

siz

e of

scr

eene

d in

terv

al

(mm

)

0.25

4

.254

.254

.254

Dep

th to

to

p of

sc

reen

ed

inte

rval

(m

)

0.48 .5

5

2.26 1.22

Dep

th to

bo

ttom

of

scre

ened

in

terv

al

(m)

1.09 .98

2.69 1.65

Fish

ing

Cre

ek t

ribu

tary

1 2

4/25

/91

4/25

/91

166.

34

169.

50

1.03 .68

stai

nles

s st

eel

stai

nles

s st

eel

50 50

0.25

4

.254

0.49 .13

0.93 .57

Because of erosion of the existing control on Fishing Creek tributary, a 90° V-notch stainless-steel weir plate was installed on April 14,1992. The weir plate helped stabilize the stage-discharge relation at that site. Mean daily stream discharges for the period of data collection at both sites can be found in the annual Water Resources Data reports published by the U.S. Geological Survey (1988-92). A diagram of the sampling equipment at the Bear Branch streamflow-gaging station is shown in figure 9. The sampling equipment set up in the Fishing Creek tributary streamflow-gaging station was similar to that of Bear Branch.

Streamwater samples were collected weekly from each watershed for most of the study period. The samples were collected as grab samples from a point of maximum flow in the stream near the streamflow- gaging station. More specifically, samples were collected from Bear Branch near the staff gage just off the upstream corner of the deck that supported the streamflow-gaging station. At Fishing Creek tributary, streamwater samples were collected from just below the control, and after the weir plate was installed, from the V-notch of the weir. Streamwater samples from Bear Branch have been collected since June 1990, whereas samples from Fishing Creek tributary have been collected since October 1987. Starting in April 1992, streamwater samples from both sites were collected biweekly. Streamwater samples were submitted to the appropriate laboratories for chemical and, starting in June 1990, for isotopic analysis.

Stormflow samples were pumped by the peristaltic pump of the ISCO automatic sampler from the stream through a polyethylene strainer that was attached to 9.5-mm-diameter braided Tygon tubing. The braided Tygon tubing was connected to silicon tubing inside the peristaltic pump. The tubing ran through the distributor arm inside the ISCO automatic sampler and delivered sample water to the 24 polyethylene 1,000-mL-capacity bottles. Stormflow samples were retrieved from the field on a weekly basis, and sometimes on a storm basis. At that time, the bottles containing the Stormflow samples were replaced with a set of clean ISCO bottles. The ISCO sample bottles were transported on ice to the office where they were processed either that day or the following day. The Stormflow samples were submitted to the appropriate laboratories for chemical and, starting in June 1990, for isotopic analysis.

From October 1987 to June 1990, the ISCO at Fishing Creek tributary was activated by a water-level actuator, and samples were collected at equal time intervals, which ranged from 15 minutes to 1 hour. Since June 1990, the ISCO automatic samplers at both sites were controlled by a program on the CR10 data loggers. The program for the CR10 was modified from a program originally developed by N.E. Peters (U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1990). The site-specific program allowed the user to enter the positive change in stage that would initiate the sampling program and the positive or negative change in stage required for additional streamwater samples to be collected. Once the storm-sampling routine had been initiated by the CR10 program, data on the date, time, stage of the next rising or falling limb of the hydrograph, and sample number were stored on the data-storage module. Observation of the stage/discharge relation at each site allowed the user to enter appropriate numbers into the program that would cause the ISCO to collect representative samples throughout the duration of Stormflow. Because the ISCO has the capacity to collect a maximum of 24 samples at a time, the numbers entered in the program provided an optimal sample set for only a specific range of storm sizes. The numbers in the program were periodically changed in order to obtain a data set over a wide range in Stormflow conditions. Changes to the CR10 program were made in the office on a computer and the revised program was downloaded to a data-storage module. Upon arrival at the field site, the new program version was downloaded from the data-storage module to the CR10 data logger.

Synoptic Surveys of Other Surface and Ground Waters

Synoptic surveys of other surface and ground waters in both watersheds were conducted biannu- ally in March during high base flow and in September during low base flow. The synoptic-survey sites in

17

Data-storage module

Stage potentiometer and Fisher-Porter analog-to-digital recorder

RIO data logger

12-volt battery

Timer

ISCO Model 2700 automatic sampler for major ions

Solar panel / ISCO/CR10 regulator / interface

ISCO Model 3600automatic sampler

or trace elements

12-volt batteries to power ISCO samplers

Figure 9. Sampling equipment at the Bear Branch streamflow-gaging station, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland.

18

the Bear Branch watershed consisted of seven sites (SS2-SS8) located along the main stem of the stream, upstream of the streamflow-gaging station (fig. 3, inset map). Because of varying flow conditions, however, not all of the sites were sampled during each synoptic survey. In the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, the six synoptic-survey sites were a mixture of sites on the main stem of the stream (SS1- SS3), small surface seeps (SP1, SP2), and a spring (SPG) (fig. 4, inset map). Samples of streamwater, seeps, and the spring during the synoptic surveys were collected using the same procedures described previously in the section on Streamwater. The water samples collected during synoptic surveys were submitted to the appropriate laboratories for chemical and, starting in June 1990, for isotopic analysis.

Sample Processing

Aliquots of precipitation, throughfall, soil-water, ground-water, streamwater and water samples collected during synoptic surveys were analyzed on site for specific conductance and pH. Before January 1990, specific conductance was measured using a Labline model MC-1 Mark V temperature-compensated specific conductance meter. Beginning January 1990, specific conductance was measured with a YSI model 34 conductance-resistance meter, a model 3417 conductivity cell, and a temperature compensator. The performance of the conductivity cell was checked on the day of sampling in standard specific conductance solutions. Before January 1989, a Beckman Phi 30 pH meter with a Futura II glass combination electrode was used to measure pH of the samples. Beginning January 1989, a Beckman Phi 31 pH meter, an Orion Ross glass combination electrode, and a Beckman temperature compensator were used to measure pH. The pH electrode was calibrated at the beginning of the sampling day with standard buffer solutions of pH 7.0 and 4.0. The buffers were diluted approximately 50 percent by the addition of distilled water to "sensitize" the electrode to the low-ionic-strength water it was to measure. The calibration of the electrode then was checked in 10"4 normal H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) (pH = 4.0). The electrode was calibrated two or more times during long sampling days. Water temperature was measured in the wells, streams, and at the synoptic sites with a mercury-filled thermometer calibrated in degrees Celsius.

Precipitation, throughfall, soil-water, ground-water, and streamwater samples, and water samples collected during synoptic surveys were filtered immediately after collection in the field through 0.1 -jam (micron) pore-size cellulose-nitrate filters by using positive pressure created by a peristaltic pump. Each sample was split into two aliquots~a filtered, acidified (FA) sample and a filtered, chilled (FC) sample. The FA sample was prepared by filtering approximately 125 mL of sample into a 250-mL white polyethylene bottle that had been rinsed with nitric acid; 200-uL of Baker's InstrAnalyzed nitric acid was then pipetted into the sample bottle. The addition of nitric acid acidified the sample to a pH of less than 2.0 and served to preserve the sample. The FA sample was delivered to the laboratory where it was analyzed for cation and silica concentrations. The FC sample was prepared by filtering approximately 120 mL of sample into a 125- mL brown polyethylene bottle that had been rinsed three times with filtered sample water. When the sample volume retrieved from a collector was insufficient to obtain full filtered samples, the FC sample bottle was rinsed three times with distilled water and then with the first few drops of filtered sample water. The sample was then collected from the available water, as previously described. The FC sample was transported from the field on ice and stored at 4°C in the laboratory. The brown bottle, the filtration, and the chilled storage served to decrease the activity of organisms that can cause the chemistry of the sample to change. The FC sample was analyzed in the laboratory for alkalinity and anion concentrations, and pH.

Stormflow samples were filtered and prepared as previously described, but the sample preparation was generally done later in the day or the following day in the office. The samples were allowed to equilibrate to room temperature before measurements of specific conductance and pH were made. Each

19

sample was then filtered into discrete sample bottles; that is, no composite samples were collected. The filter was changed after every third or fourth sample, and the filter and tubing to the pump were thoroughly flushed with distilled water after each sample was filtered.

Samples for analysis of the stable isotopes deuterium (D) and oxygen-18 ( 18O) were collected for all types of water in the watersheds. Sixty milliliters of unfiltered sample were decanted into a flint-glass bottle with a polyseal cap. No preservative was added. The bottle caps were covered with Parafilm laboratory wax paper to further ensure against evaporation of the sample. The types of water-quality samples that were collected in the field and the frequency of sampling during the study are shown in table 3.

Laboratory Methods

Water samples collected for the determination of major inorganic ion concentrations were sent to the USGS trace elements and nutrients laboratory in Reston, Va., for analysis. Precipitation samples were analyzed in the laboratory for dissolved calcium (Ca2+ ), magnesium (Mg2+ ), sodium (Na+ ), potassium (K+), ammonium (NH4+), chloride (Cl"), nitrite (NO2~), nitrate (NO3~), sulfate (SO42"), and pH (for quality-assurance purposes). All other water samples were analyzed for Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ , K+, Cl", NO2", NO3 ", SO42", bicarbonate (HCO3~), silicon (reported as SiO2), total aluminum, and iron, and pH (for quality-assurance purposes). Laboratory analysis methods and minimum detection limits are summarized in table 4.

FA samples were analyzed for dissolved concentrations of Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Na+ , K+, SiO2 , and total aluminum and iron. FC samples were analyzed for dissolved concentrations of NH4+ , Cl", NO2", NO3", SO42", and HCO3 ". Laboratory pH of these samples was determined for quality-assurance purposes only.

A detection limit the concentration that can be detected with 95-percent confidence is determined by statistical calculation. Because the detection limit is affected by the signal and electronic noise of the instrument, it is a function of the whole instrument. The computer software incorporated in the Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (DCP-A) instrument used by the trace elements and nutrients laboratory can calculate a detection limit for every sample analyzed. A measured concentration reported in the tables can be lower than the instrument detection limit because the unique combination of the signal and the noise for an individual sample makes it possible for a concentration lower than the normal detection limit to be measured.

Dissolved concentrations of Cl", NO2", NO3", and SO42" were determined using a Dionex 21 lOi ion chromatograph. The Waters Maxima 820 Chromatography Workstation, a computer program, was used to collect, calculate, and report the ion- chromatographic data. The detection limits, in microequivalents per liter, were as follows: Cl", 1.8; NO2", 0.8; NO3 ", 0.45; and SO42", 0.8. Beginning July 1989, a Dionex 100DX ion chromatograph with Waters Maxima 820 computer program was used to determine NH4+ concentrations with a detection limit of 2.4 jaeq/L.

During October 1987 through April 1988, the laboratory used a Perkin-Elmer #603 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AA) to determine Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations, and an IL 351 AA to determine Na+ and K+ concentrations. During this period, detection limits, in microequivalents per liter, were as follows: Ca2+, 2.5; Mg2+, 0.8; Na+ , 0.4; and K+, 0.6. From October 1987 through October 1988,

20

Table 3. Summary of collection and analysis of samples from the Bear Branch and Fishing Creek tributary watersheds, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93

[FA, filtered, acidified; FC, filtered, chilled; SC, specific conductance; T, temperature]

Type of

water

Precipitation

Throughfall

Bear BranchConiferous

Deciduous

Fishing Creek tributary Deciduous

Soil water

Bear BranchPit 1 Upper Pit 1 Lower Pit 2 Upper Pit 2 Lower

Fishing Creek tributary Pit 1 Upper Pit 1 Lower Pit 2 Upper Pit 2 Middle Pit 2 Lower

Ground water

Bear BranchWell 3 Well 4 Camp Peniel well

Fishing Creek tributary Well 2 Spring

Streamwater

Bear Branch Fishing Creek tributary

Storm water

Bear Branch Fishing Creek tributary

Other surface andground waters

Bear Branch Fishing Creek tributary

Number of

collectors

1

3

3

3

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

11

1 1

1 1

7 6

Frequency of sampling or attempt of sampling

Weekly

Weekly

Weekly

Weekly

Storm; 2-4 weeks Storm; 2-4 weeks Storm; 2-4 weeks Storm; 2-4 weeks

Storm; 2-4 weeks Storm; 2-4 weeks Storm; 2-4 weeks Storm; 2-4 weeks Storm; 2-4 weeks

Monthly Monthly Monthly

Monthly Quarterly

Weekly/biweekly Weekly/biweekly

Storm Storm

Biannually Biannually

Types of samples collected

FA, FC; isotope

Composited FA, FC;isotope

Composited FA, FC;isotope

Composited FA, FC;isotope

FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope

FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope

FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope

FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope

FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope

FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope

FA, FC; isotope FA, FC; isotope

Field measure­ ments

pH, SC

pH, SC

pH, SC

pH,SC

pH, SC pH, SC pH, SC pH, SC

pH, SC pH, SC pH, SC pH, SC pH, SC

pH, SC, T pH, SC, T pH, SC

pH, SC, T pH, SC, T

pH, SC, T pH, SC, T

pH, SC pH, SC

pH, SC, T pH, SC, T

21

Table 4. Laboratory analysis methods and minimum detection limits at the U.S. Geological Survey trace elements and nutrients laboratory in Reston, Virginia

[ueq/L, microequivalents per liter; umol/L, micro moles per liter; n.a., not applicable]

Instrumentation

ARL SpectraSpan-V DCP (June 1989-December 1993)

Varian Spectra AA 300 (May 1988-May 1989)

Perkin-Elmer Spectrophotometer 603 AA (October 1987- April 1988)

IL Spectrophotometer AA (October 1987- April 1988)

Element

Calcium Magnesium SodiumPotassiumAluminumIronSilica

Calcium Magnesium SodiumPotassiumAluminumIron

Calcium Magnesium

Sodium Potassium

Detection limit (Meq/L)

0.45 .05 .13.2.22.38.43 (jimol/L)

.5

.24

.09

.773.32.2

2.5 .8

.4

.6

Beckman Spectrophotometer dU (October 1987-October 1988) Silica .4 (umol/L)

Dionex 21 lOi Ion Chromatograph (October 1987-December 1993)

Dionex 100DX Ion Chromatograph (July 1989-December 1993)

Chloride Nitrite Nitrate Sulfate

Ammonium 2.4

Radiometer DTS 833 (October 1987-July 1991) Bicarbonate

Radiometer LIST (July 1991-December 1993) Acid-neutralizing capacity

22

dissolved SiO2 concentrations were determined by a colorimetric molybdate blue method (Skougstad and others, 1989), using a Beckman dU Spectrophotometer with a Gilson automated sampler, which gave a detection limit of 0.4 jimol/L. Total dissolved aluminum and iron concentrations were not determined before May 1988. From May 1988 through May 1989, the laboratory used a Varian Spectra AA-300 for determination of cation concentrations. During this period, detection limits, in microequivalents per liter, were as follows: Ca2+, 0.5; Mg2+, 0.24; Na+, 0.09; K+, 0.77; aluminum, 3.3; and iron, 2.2. Beginning October 1988 for SiO2 determinations, and June 1989 for cation determinations, an ARL Spectra Span V DCP-A (DCP) was used for analyses. The base cations, aluminum, and iron concentrations were analyzed simultaneously by DCP (atomic emission spectroscopy). Silica concentration was determined separately by DCP because of possible interferences. During this period, detection limits, in microequivalents per liter, were as follows: Ca2+, 0.45; Mg2+, 0.05; Na+, 0.13; K+, 0.2; aluminum, 0.22; iron, 0.38; and in micromoles per liter, SiO2, 0.43. Samples for the determination of SiO2 collected from October 1988 through June 1989 were archived during the change in instrumentation from the Beckman Spectrophotometer to the DCP.

From October 1987 through July 1991, alkalinity determinations were performed using a Radiometer Autotitration System DTS-833, with a detection limit of 4 ueq/L. This is an automated incremental titration system that uses a second derivative calculation. Alkalinity, or more appropriately, total alkalinity, is a measure of the capacity of water to neutralize a specific quantity of acid. In this type of titration, all bicarbonate (HCO3 ~) is measured, as well as the small amount of carbonate (CO3 2~) that may be present. The total alkalinity is essentially the same as the concentration of HCO3" for natural waters with pH values ranging between 5.0 and 8.5.

Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) can be operationally defined as the equivalent sum of all the base that can be titrated with a strong acid to a determined equivalence point. It measures the net deficiency of protons, which can include noncarbonate contributions such as ammonia, borate, hydroxide, organic ligands, phosphate, silicate, and sulfide (Stumm and Morgan, 1981, p. 186). In a carbonate system of natural water with a pH range of the samples in this study, it can be assumed that alkalinity, bicarbonate concentration, and positive ANC are equivalent.

Since July 1991, Radiometer's Low Ionic Strength Titration System (LIST) has been used to determine ANC. This system employs a modified Gran Titration. The calculation procedure determines the ANC by utilizing the acid-titration data. A modified Gran Titration calculation can result in a negative value; therefore, the method has no detection limit. Negative ANC values have been reported for the data since 1991.

Samples collected for stable-isotope analysis were sent to the USGS isotope fractionation laboratory in Reston, Va. The samples were analyzed for hydrogen-isotope activities using the method of Coplen and others (1991) and for oxygen-isotope activities using the method of Epstein and Mayeda (1953). The results were reported in per mille (%c) relative to VSMOW (Vienna standard mean ocean water). The hydrogen-isotope method had a 2-o precision of 2 %o (T.B. Coplen, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1990). Hydrogen-isotope results were expressed as delta deuterium (6D) relative to VSMOW using the equation:

6(Deuterium)VSMOW = / Deuterium Sample / Deuterium VSMOW - II 1,000. I Hydrogen / Hydrogen /

23

The oxygen-isotope method had a 2-o precision of 0.2 %o (T.B. Coplen, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1990). Oxygen-isotope results were expressed as delta O-18 (6 18O) relative to VSMOW and VPDB (Vienna Peedee belemnite) using the equation:

5 18O sample = 0.970015 18O sample - 29.99 VPDB VSMOW

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) of field data collection and laboratory analyses were accomplished through a series of approved methods, which included the analysis of field and laboratory standards, duplicates, and blanks, analyses of the distilled and deionized water used in the field and laboratory, and comparison of calculated specific conductivity to measured specific conductivity of selected samples. In addition, interlaboratory comparisons of analytical results of standard reference water samples were performed biannually.

For the anions and NH4+ that were analyzed by ion chromatography, each set (20-40) of samples was preceded by four standards. These standards contained all the ions of interest in different quantitative concentrations. The resulting concentration curves must have had a minimum r2 value of 0.999 for the standards to be acceptable for use in instrument calibration. When the concentration of any ion of interest in the sample had a higher concentration than those that formed the standard curve, a quantitative dilution of the sample was made and it was reanalyzed. During the chemical analysis of a set of samples, known standard solutions were analyzed after every fifth sample. In addition, samples from the National Institute of Standards and Technology were analyzed at the beginning and end of each analysis session in order to provide a record of precision of the instrument.

Cation standard solutions were prepared from commercially available stock solutions by dilution with a 0.5-percent nitric-acid matrix. This acid concentration approximates the acidity of the FA samples analyzed. A blank solution was prepared using just the 0.5-percent nitric-acid solution. This procedure ensured that the generated calibration curve was of the same ionic strength as the analyzed FA samples. During the set of analyses, the high standard solution was analyzed and calibrated after every 5 samples and the low standard solution (the blank) was analyzed and calibrated after every 10 samples. The same rigorous QC methods were used for the determination of SiO2 concentration.

Ion balances were calculated for each sample as further verification of the quality of data reported. In order to calculate the sum of the microequivalents per liter of cations, aluminum was assumed to have a 3+ oxidation state and iron was assumed to have a 2+ oxidation state. The assumed oxidation states were based upon the most abundant species of each ion that was present in the sample at the particular pH of the sample. The pH of all the samples analyzed indicated that the A13+ form of aluminum and the Fe2+ form of iron were the most abundant species (iron oxidation to Fe3+ is very slow, kinetically, at low pH).

Samples that had an ion-balance error of more than ±10 percent were repeated if there was no direct evidence of a contributing organic acid or NH4+ concentration. For samples with an anion deficit of more than 10 percent, organic acids were not identified, but their presence was determined by an analysis of dissolved organic carbon using a Shimadzu TOC-5000 carbon analyzer. Because NH4+ in throughfall samples is unstable, determinations were performed to confirm the presence of NH4+ for QA and QC purposes, but not to report or quantify it in throughfall.

24

Data validation for laboratory data was done by double-checking the values obtained from the instruments against the reported values in the laboratory computer data files. Once the laboratory computer data files were received, the data were transferred by hand to paper files as well as electronically, directly into project computer data files. Data validation for project data files was done by double-checking the values in the paper files against the laboratory computer data files, and by double- checking the data in the project computer data files against the data in the paper files. Ion balances in the project computer data files were calculated and compared to those of the laboratory computer data files as a final check against any data-entry errors in the project computer data files.

WATER-QUALITY DATA

In the following sections of the report, the method of presentation for each type of water collected for the study is discussed and the types of data that can be found in each table are described. Tables 5-18 are found at the end of the report.

Precipitation

Chemical analyses of precipitation collected from the USGS precipitation-collection station at Catoctin Mountain, Md., during January 1987 through December 1993 are shown in table 5. In the table, the column under "Sample-collection date" shows the dates the samples were collected from the field and includes all precipitation that fell since the previous sample-collection date.

Throughfall

Chemical analyses of throughfall collected from the Bear Branch watershed during October 1990 through December 1993 are shown in table 6 . The data in table 6 are divided into two groups (1) throughfall collected from beneath coniferous tree canopies, and (2) throughfall collected from beneath deciduous tree canopies. Chemical analyses of throughfall collected from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed during October 1990 through December 1993 are shown in table 7 . The columns under "Sample-collection date" in tables 6 and 7 show the dates the samples were collected from the field and include all throughfall that fell since the previous sample-collection date. The columns under "Amount of throughfall" show the mean of the depth of throughfall measured in the three plastic rain gages that were located with each throughfall collector.

Soil Water

Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Bear Branch watershed during October 1990 through December 1993 are shown in table 8. The data in table 8 are divided into four groups-data collected from (1) the upper pans of lysimeter pit 1, (2) the lower pans of lysimeter pit 1, (3) the upper pans of lysimeter pit 2, and (4) the lower pans of lysimeter pit 2. Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed during April 1991 through December 1993 are shown in table 9. The data in table 9 are divided into four groups-data collected from (1) the upper pans of lysimeter pit 1, (2) the lower pans of lysimeter pit 1, (3) the upper pans of lysimeter pit 2, and (4) the middle pans of lysimeter pit 2. No samples were ever obtained from the lowest pans (1.37 m deep) of pit 2 in the Fishing Creek tributary watershed. The columns under "Sample-collection date" in tables 8 and 9 show the dates the samples were collected from the field and include all soil water that had gravity drained since the previous sample-collection date.

25

Ground Water

Altitudes of the water table in the well points in the Bear Branch watershed and the Fishing Creek tributary watershed are shown in tables 10 and 11, respectively. Weekly water-level measurements in the well points were made in tenths of feet, which were converted to meters and reported in the tables. Hydrographs of the water tables in the well points for Bear Branch and Fishing Creek tributary for 1991- 93 are shown in figures lOa and lOb, respectively.

Chemical analyses of ground water collected from the Bear Branch watershed during October 1992 through December 1993 are shown in table 12. The data in table 12 are divided into three groups-­ data collected from (1) well point 3, (2) well point 4, and (3) the Camp Peniel well. Chemical analyses of ground water collected from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed during March 1988 through December 1993 are shown in table 13 . The data in table 13 are divided into two groups data collected from (1) well point 2, and (2) the spring in the Fishing Creek tributary watershed.

Streamwater

Hydrographs of mean daily stream discharges for Bear Branch and Fishing Creek tributary are shown in figures 1 la and lib, respectively. Discharge was originally calculated in cubic feet per second and was converted to liters per second for this report.

Chemical analyses of Streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Bear Branch watershed during May 1990 through December 1993 are shown in table 14 . Chemical analyses of Streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed during July 1990 through December 1993 are shown in table 15 . Chemical analyses of Streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed during August 1987 through December 1993 are shown in table 16 . Chemical analyses of Streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed during December 1987 through December 1993 are shown in table 17 .

In all of the water-quality data of Streamwater tables (tables 14-17), the time that the sample was collected is given. All times shown in the tables are in eastern standard time and are expressed in military time. In these tables, the discharge of the stream at the streamflow-gaging station at the time of sampling is given. For sample times other than at an even 15-minute interval (for example, a sample collected at 1308), a linear interpolation of the discharges at the adjacent 15-minute intervals was performed (for example, the discharges for 1300 and 1315 were interpolated to obtain a discharge for 1308). For stormflow samples, which were usually collected at intervals of less than 15 minutes, the stage of the stream at the time of sampling was obtained from the CR10 printout, and the corresponding discharge was obtained from the rating table in use at that time for the site.

26

234.6

COccLLJ

LU

a'Sm LU

U_ CO0<LU Q

170

169

168

167

166

165

Figure 10. Altitude of the water table in well points in the (a) Bear Branch watershed, and (b) Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93.

27

2,832

OO 283 ferLJJ O)CC LJJ Q_O)

£ 28

LJJ Og 2.8I O

0.28

r

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

01640980 BEAR BRANCH NEAR THURMONT, MD MEAN DAILY DISCHARGE

2,832

OO 283O)CC LJJ Q_ O) CC LLJ 28

LJJ

O C/DQ

2.8

0.28 L1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

01641510 FISHING CREEK TRIBUTARY NEAR LEWISTOWN, MD MEAN DAILY DISCHARGE

Figure 11. Mean daily discharge at the streamflow-gaging stations in the (a) Bear Branch watershed, 1990-93, and (b) Fishing Creek tributary watershed, 1987-93, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland.

28

Other Surface and Ground Waters

Chemical analyses of other surface and ground waters collected biannually from the Bear Branch and Fishing Creek tributary watersheds during 1991-93 are shown in table 18 . In the data collected from the Bear Branch watershed, if a specific site is not shown for a particular sampling date (for example, SS2, SS3, and SS4 on September 12, 1991), the stream was not flowing at any of those locations and a sample could not be collected. As a result, there is no SS1 for Bear Branch and SS2 was sampled only once, on March 29, 1993.

29

REFERENCES CITED

Buchanan, T.J., and Somers, W.P., 1968, Stage measurements at gaging stations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 3, chap. A7, 28 p.

_____1969, Discharge measurements at gaging stations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques ofWater-Resources Investigations, book 3, chap. A8, 65 p.

Coplen, T.B., Wildman, J.D., and Chen, Julie, 1991, Improvements in the gaseous hydrogen-waterequilibration technique for hydrogen isotope ratio analysis: Analytical Chemistry, v. 63, p. 910- 912.

Epstein, Samuel, and Mayeda, T.K., 1953, Variation of O-18 content of waters from natural sources: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 4, p. 213-224.

Fauth, J.L., 1977, Geologic map of the Catoctin Furnace and Blue Ridge Summit quadrangles, Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.

Fenneman, N.N., 1946, Physical divisions of the United States: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:7,000,000.

Kazmann, R.G., 1965, Modern hydrology: New York, Harper & Row, 301 p.

Kennedy, E.J., 1983, Computation of continuous records of streamflow: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 3, chap. A13, 53 p.

____1984, Discharge ratings at gaging stations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 3, chap. A10, 59 p.

Matthews, E.D., 1960, Soil survey of Frederick County, Maryland: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service [Soil Conservation Service], Series 1956, no. 15, 144 p.

Rice, K.C., Kennedy, M.M., Bricker, O.P., and Donnelly, C.A., 1993, Data on the quantity and chemical quality of precipitation, Catoctin Mountain, north-central Maryland, 1982-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-169, 46 p.

Robertson, J.K., and Wilson, J.W., 1985, Design of the National Trends Network for monitoring the chemistry of atmospheric precipitation U.S. Geological Survey, National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 964, 46 p.

Skougstad, M.W., Fishman, M.J., Friedman, L.C., Erdmann, D.E., and Duncan, S.S., eds., 1979, Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. Al, 626 p.

Stumm, Werner, and Morgan, J.J., 1981, Aquatic chemistry, an introduction emphasizingchemical equilibria in natural waters: New York, Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons, 780 p.

30

U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Water resources data for Maryland and Delaware, water year 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report MD-DE-88-1, 590 p.

____1989-90, Water resources data for Maryland and Delaware, water years 1989-90 Volume 2.Monongahela and Potomac River Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Reports MD-DE- 89-2 to MD-DE-90-2 (published annually).

____1991-92, Water resources data for Maryland and Delaware, water years 1991-92-Volume 1.Surface-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Reports MD-DE-91-1 to MD-DE-92-1 (published annually).

31

32

Tables 5 -18

33

34

35

Table 5. Chemical analyses of precipitation collected from the U.S. Geological Survey precipitation-collection station at Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93[mm, millimeters; (iS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; (ieq/L, microequivalents per liter; (imol/L, micromoles per liter; <, less than; ANC, acid-neutralizing capacity; n.a., not analyzed]

Sample-collection date

01/07/87

01/13/8701/20/8701/28/8702/03/87

02/17/8702/24/8703/03/8703/31/8704/07/87

04/14/8704/21/8704/28/8705/06/8705/13/87

05/19/8705/26/8706/02/8706/09/8706/16/87

06/23/8706/30/8707/08/8707/14/8708/11/87

08/19/8708/24/8709/01/8709/08/8709/15/87

09/22/8709/30/8710/05/8710/13/8710/27/87

11/02/8711/13/871 1/24/8712/01/8712/08/87

Amount of precipitation

(mm)

19.8106.723.639.4

1.5

2.520.328.742.7

114

2.538.1

2.327.9

6.4

10.238.1

2.311.927.7

8.11548.533.810.4

3.617.85.1

73.420.1

55.111.25.8

163

3324.125.768.3

2

Specific conductance

(US/cm)

184327

849

618

142616

58312841

100

7943508356

49804446

142

894665

845

2719362335

138171125

pH (units)

Field

4.65

4.13

4.364.814.01

3.934.84.614.344.52

4.234.344.334.163.77

3.774.114.053.843.95

4.043.814.124.063.49

3.814.073.984.984.04

4.454.434.224.354.11

5.044.144.584.854.39

Laboratory

4.664.194.854.38n.a.

n.a.5.964.874.614.77

4.244.614.654.363.81

3.874.184.063.833.92

43.774.124.193.5

3.84.044.015.034.01

4.34.514.324.484.45

5.164.384.74.884.62

Calcium, dissolved (|ieq/L)

8.1512.212.26.11n.a.

n.a.10.24.08

1412

21.97.86

14.22.8

18.8

3.141.571.57

14.26.9

12.45.11

10.27.48

17

33.812.522

2.254.04

5.476.49

15.74.79

23.2

56.486.982.5

32.4

Magnes­ ium, dissolved

(Ueq/L)

1.57

1.43

1.290.29n.a.

n.a.0.861.721.390.28

1.392.531.011.523.04

1.011.014.053.83.15

2.81.892.521.652.46

7.9217.318.4

1.651.65

1.654.128.222.46

14

0.822.464.111.655.76

Sodium, dissolved (Ueq/L)

11.314.412.32.59n.a.

n.a.5.189.8

11.87.76

5.728.014.887.039.92

4.821.935.242.344.14

12.56.135.572.78

10.5

16.97.05

15.24.783.91

3.482.17

21.33.48

16.5

1.34.78

12.65.227.39

Potas­ sium, dissolved

(Ueq/L)

1.057.454.570.98n.a.

n.a.0.780.914.323.85

2.023.211.193.627.24

2.591.552.072.072.18

1.121.081.210.812.05

25.81.792.80.511.54

1.281.79<.642.444.8

1.031.032.050.512.02

36

Ammonium, dissolved (p.eq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Chloride, dissolved Nitrite, dissolved

(Ueq/L) (Heq/L)

17.1 <0.819.4 <.821.7 <.8

7.02 <.8n.a. n.a.

n.a. n.a.9.9 <.8

10.5 <.814 <.814.5 <.8

14.1 <.819.8 <.816.4 <.87.79 4.1

23.5 <.8

12.8 <.87.5 <.8

25.1 <.819.2 <.818 <.8

20.7 <.829.7 <.811.6 <.812.9 <.829.5 <.8

52.3 <.810.7 <.851.1 <.811.6 <.810.2 <.8

10.8 <.812.2 <.8

133 <.811.9 <.862.3 <.8

9.49 <.86.48 <.8

14.3 <.89.96 <.8

21.5 <.8

Nitrate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

16.852.82513.1n.a.

n.a.8.666.85

17.615.6

44.522.611.536.4

102

48.330.918

10770.1

67.179.230.436.288.6

55.532.141.5

4.5734.6

21.727.375.824.960.2

5.0520.412.68.23

41.1

Sulfate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

28.8

73.533.116.6n.a.

n.a.1921.850.228.5

84.461.243.364.2

140

16210251.4

230198

12715380.891.3

306

16884.7

12427.391.1

60.138.860.233.366.6

16.235.429.814.934.8

Delta D (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Delta I8O (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample-collection date

01/07/87

01/13/8701/20/8701/28/8702/03/87

02/17/8702/24/8703/03/8703/31/8704/07/87

04/14/8704/21/8704/28/8705/06/8705/13/87

05/19/8705/26/8706/02/8706/09/8706/16/87

06/23/8706/30/8707/08/8707/14/8708/11/87

08/19/8708/24/8709/01/8709/08/8709/15/87

09/22/8709/30/8710/05/8710/13/8710/27/87

11/02/8711/13/8711/24/8712/01/8712/08/87

37

Table 5. Chemical analyses of precipitation collected from the U.S. Geological Survey precipitation-collection station at Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 Continued

Sample-collection date

12/15/87

12/22/8712/30/8701/12/8801/19/88

01/27/8802/02/8802/09/8802/16/8802/23/88

03/08/8803/29/8804/05/8804/12/8804/19/88

04/26/8805/03/8805/10/8805/17/8805/24/88

05/31/8806/07/8806/14/8806/21/8807/12/88

07/19/8807/28/8808/02/8808/09/8808/23/88

08/30/8809/06/8809/13/8809/19/8809/27/88

Amount of precipitation

(mm)

1413.514.74.68.6

31.52.5

12.217.310.2

21.616.5

222.610.9

7.412.270.47.6

211.8

131.8

131.5

25.4

31.532.3

5.13

34.8

49.833.5

311.924.9

Specific conductance

GiS/cm)

3031231014

1617161726

2410442731

3852298329

459638

26877

5127533582

2117333814

pH (units)

Field

4.484.324.284.854.57

4.444.64.544.414.3

4.344.674.054.454.13

4.123.884.183.784.08

3.873.733.912.963.4

3.793.863.73.973.44

4.174.253.683.724.22

Laboratory

4.374.364.585.264.82

4.64.724.614.554.49

4.434.77n.a.4.374.38

4.274.074.293.854.28

4.01n.a.4.1n.a.3.76

3.894.183.94n.a.3.76

4.284.4n.a.4.154.54

Calcium, dissolved (neq/L)

9.98<2.5

5.4811.517.5

4.512.59.48

13.511.1

7.868.36n.a.

22.86.71

1110.28.57

20.110.2

11.4n.a.

16.7n.a.

15.4

7.042.84

23.9n.a.

13.6

5.942.79n.a.

18.67.63

Magnes­ ium, dissolved

(ueq/L)

5.76<.81.642.472.47

0.824.112.471.654.44

1.973.13n.a.3.465.1

6.257.43.469.212.47

2.39n.a.4.11n.a.3.7

1.071.326.58n.a.2.71

2.31.23n.a.1.971.32

Sodium, dissolved (Heq/L)

15.2

2.17

2.173.488.26

2.1713.98.086.76

15.3

5.223.48n.a.

12.26.96

22.610.410.415.75.22

3.74n.a.2.39n.a.0.96

<.092.484.48n.a.3.87

3.482.17n.a.2.740.57

Potas­ sium, dissolved

(Ueq/L)

3.593.591.035.135.13

0.778.182.811.53

13.3

2.051.02n.a.4.784.09

16.48.183.07

12.32.05

4.22n.a.2.3n.a.1.99

0.660.91.94n.a.0.97

0.920.72n.a.2.230.56

38

Ammonium, dissolved (|o.eq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Chloride, dissolved Nitrite, dissolved (Ueq/L) (Ueq/L)

13.2 <.810.8 <.812.6 <.88.54 <.8

10.3 <.8

10.1 <.818.5 <.86.31 1.17.32 <.8

13.3 <.8

12 <.87.13 <.8n.a. n.a.

10.6 <.89.35 <.8

14.2 <.814.2 <.811.1 <.829.1 <.812.5 <.8

11.4 0.39n.a. n.a.8 0.46n.a. n.a.

12.1 <.8

7.08 <.86.5 <.8

15.2 <.8n.a. n.a.9.56 <.8

8.58 <.86.4 <.8n.a. n.a.6.58 <.84.38 <.8

Nitrate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

22

15.414.231.613.8

13.5199.54

15.227.3

1822.9

n.a.18.323.7

34.338.828.24.86

29

39.2n.a.

41n.a.

40.9

32.22943.8

n.a.69

18.414.4n.a.

28.513.1

Sulfate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

62.246.947.335.526.2

31.122.934.235.778.7

4221.4

n.a.55.562.9

97.55189.2

14264.2

79.8n.a.

72.7n.a.

154

10452.8

131n.a.

157

45.434.9

n.a.90.928.5

Delta D (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Delta I8O (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample-collection date

12/15/87

12/22/8712/30/8701/12/8801/19/88

01/27/8802/02/8802/09/8802/16/8802/23/88

03/08/8803/29/8804/05/8804/12/8804/19/88

04/26/8805/03/8805/10/8805/17/8805/24/88

05/31/8806/07/8806/14/8806/21/8807/12/88

07/19/8807/28/8808/02/8808/09/8808/23/88

08/30/8809/06/8809/13/8809/19/8809/27/88

39

Table 5. Chemical analyses of precipitation collected from the U.S. Geological Survey precipitation-collection station at Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 Continued

Sample-collection date

10/04/8810/11/8810/18/8810/25/881 1/08/88

11/15/8811/22/8811/29/8812/27/8801/03/89

01/10/8901/17/8901/31/8902/07/8902/14/89

02/21/8902/28/8903/09/8903/21/8903/29/89

04/04/8904/11/8904/18/8904/24/8905/02/89

05/09/8905/17/8905/23/8905/30/8906/06/89

06/13/8906/20/8906/27/8907/05/8907/11/89

07/18/8907/25/8908/01/8908/08/8908/15/89

Amount of precipitation

(mm)

3.81.54.3

3137.1

11.957.2

9.927.210.2

22.927.79.4

17.511.2

23.19.4

17.525.429.7

20.39.78.95.1

55.4

76.586.9

2.522.113.7

49.336.324.488.1

5.1

22.915.226.4

3.61.5

Specific conductance

(|iS/cm)

3157231815

27189

2216

2415352731

35242120

8

4951484322

1129553743

612362435

4017525310

PH

Field

4.15

3.834.214.334.58

4.164.334.834.24.4

4.34.434.114.264.24

4.154.254.374.424.66

3.974.014.014.064.31

4.564.213.964.093.99

4.814.534.044.244.11

4.014.363.953.914.88

(units)

Laboratory

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.4.574.944.274.52

4.374.554.24.34.33

4.254.234.364.544.73

4.094.124.094.194.33

4.644.25n.a.4.154.05

4.754.584.14.34.2

4.084.383.974.03n.a.

Calcium, dissolved (|ieq/L)

n.a.n.a.

13.62.548.03

2.591.12.844.245.74

7.780.63.399.336.49

1.151.45.648.430.5

14.517.76.74

18.70.45

0.651.9n.a.8.884.59

0.94.844.342.79

11.2

2.792.253.59

23.4n.a.

Magnes­ ium, dissolved

(neq/L)

n.a.n.a.5.761.073.95

2.960.581.971.812.06

1.070.660.992.061.89

0.910.581.651.810.74

3.463.781.565.680.33

0.410.66n.a.2.221.23

0.161.231.40.912.38

0.660.990.95.43n.a.

Sodium, dissolved (neq/L)

n.a.n.a.5.132.448.66

12.41.267.265.354.18

1.870.9113.523.05

0.3<.093.481.131.22

53.73.788.22<.09

<.09<.09n.a.0.3<.13

<.130.7420.911.74

0.261.351

11.4n.a.

Potas­ sium, dissolved

(Ueq/L)

n.a.n.a.

180.951.99

1.250.232.051.641.2

1.590.281.251.380.59

0.510.380.921.020.31

1.185.069.28

10.50.51

4.760.26n.a.1.230.74

0.541.360.840.614.63

0.20.560.978.59n.a.

40

Ammonium, dissolved (|ieq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.10.4n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

19.7

25.410.632.518.3n.a.

Chloride, dissolved Nitrite, dissolved (neq/L) (^eq/L)

n.a. n.a.n.a. n.a.9.13 1.625.21 <.8

13.1 <.8

18.7 <.83.63 <.89.97 <.8

10.4 <.87.53 <.8

7.66 0.95.3 <.85.68 <.8

21 <.88.24 <.8

5.79 <.83.81 <.85.3 <.84.29 <.84.63 <.8

7.76 <.89.23 <.8

11.9 <.816.1 <.83.16 <.8

2.39 <.83.47 <.8n.a. n.a.5.11 <.84.47 <.8

1.05 <.82.71 <.84.87 <.83.51 <.86.37 <.8

3.48 <.83.66 <.85.82 <.8

16.4 <.8n.a. n.a.

Nitrate, dissolved (neq/L)

n.a.n.a.

14.320.312.2

11.612.98.07

28.623.3

27.39.88

32.830.830

32.424.716.8169.1

59.657.233.739.217.2

9.3824.2

n.a.36.229.5

7.1412.847.212.327.2

32.916.345.147.2

n.a.

Sulfate, dissolved (neq/L)

n.a.n.a.

43.627.533.4

44.326.215.952.232.1

39.324.146.447.833.8

4537.434.746.218.1

88.574.8

10210241.8

19.554.9

n.a.76.884.9

12.52662.857.575.5

84.145.496.7

122n.a.

Delta D (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Delta I8O (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample-collection date

10/04/8810/11/8810/18/8810/25/8811/08/88

11/15/881 1/22/8811/29/8812/27/8801/03/89

01/10/8901/17/8901/31/8902/07/8902/14/89

02/21/8902/28/8903/09/8903/21/8903/29/89

04/04/8904/1 1/8904/18/8904/24/8905/02/89

05/09/8905/17/8905/23/8905/30/8906/06/89

06/13/8906/20/8906/27/8907/05/8907/11/89

07/18/8907/25/8908/01/8908/08/8908/15/89

41

Table 5. Chemical analyses of precipitation collected from the U.S. Geological Survey precipitation-collection station at Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93- Continued

Sample-collection date

08/22/8908/29/8909/05/8909/19/8909/26/89

10/03/8910/18/8910/24/8910/31/891 1/07/89

11/14/8911/21/891 1/29/8912/18/8912/27/89

01/02/9001/09/9001/23/9001/30/9002/06/90

02/13/9002/20/9002/27/9003/13/9003/21/90

03/27/9004/03/9004/10/9004/17/9004/25/90

04/30/9005/08/9005/15/9005/23/9005/29/90

06/05/9006/12/9006/19/9006/26/9007/03/90

Amount of precipitation

(mm)

10.94.36.4

16.840.4

44.522.959.9

1.34.1

16.522.913.26.16.4

29.57.6

12.767.811.9

17.80.5

16.82.5

27.7

4.338.113.717.34.3

16.823.967.327.968.6

10.415.534.89.4

14

Specific conductance

(US/cm)

55

37

362712

1313123620

178

24n.a.

15

2218262036

30143295325

46533039

111

3343752528

1259356755

pH (units)

Field

3.89

4.01

4.024.324.61

4.494.524.534.194.42

4.614.824.28n.a.4.47

4.334.374.294.384.06

4.23.674.243.944.33

4.084.054.24.13.61

4.224.084.7644.27

4.73.884.173.814.01

Laboratory

3.92n.a.4.094.334.62

4.574.544.58n.a.4.45

4.44.764.44.44n.a.

4.394.424.424.464.24

4.26n.a.4.33n.a.4.4

n.a.4.054.254.133.65

4.234.094.814.494.29

4.953.94.143.863.98

Calcium, dissolved (neq/L)

8.48

n.a.5.941.22.3

0.12.440.9n.a.

11.2

4.645.497.543.99n.a.

1.754.346.791.2

29.7

4.34n.a.5.94n.a.7.58

n.a.6.879.136.79

27.1

3.3411.22.99

302.2

12.114.510.518.911.3

Magnes­ ium, dissolved

(Heq/L)

1.73

n.a.0.660.582.06

0.660.66<.05n.a.2.8

0.741.561.971.23n.a.

0.821.321.230.91.56

0.99n.a.3.21n.a.2.88

n.a.1.811.894.525.43

1.153.041.4

18.20.58

2.222.882.224.362.88

Sodium, dissolved (neq/L)

2.65n.a.1.390.268.13

0.440.70.13n.a.3.87

0.443.224.871.83n.a.

2.783.573.092.574.78

1.35n.a.9.18n.a.6.96

n.a.3.481.87

13.65.7

1.042.131.174.091.04

6.092.740.484.131.04

Potas­ sium, dissolved

(Ueq/L)

9.72

n.a.3.480.770.79

0.610.640.23n.a.4.02

0.971.252.841.25n.a.

1.282.89

21.70.24.96

1.1n.a.3.3n.a.1.13

n.a.1.21.151.258.21

1.531.462.02

21.70.79

2.431.130.793.631.48

42

Ammonium, dissolved (jieq/L)

27n.a.4.92

17.99.46

13.97.634.48n.a.

10.4

9.56.639.898.84n.a.

10.28.01

26.49.36

18.2

14.6n.a.

12.8n.a.

20.9

n.a.44.9

7.5721.458.7

25.333.2

5.5129.214.6

<2.429.42422.645.2

Chloride, dissolved Nitrite, dissolved (Ueq/L) (|ieq/L)

5.19 <.8n.a. n.a.5.2 1.344.02 <.8

12.3 <.8

4.35 <.82.87 <.8JL ^.o

n.a. n.a.9.56 <.8

4.62 <.85.37 <.88.32 <.88.89 <.8n.a. n.a.

5.49 <.88.08 <.8

26.4 <.85.75 <.88.76 <.8

3.71 <.8n.a. n.a.

14.4 <.8n.a. n.a.8.53 <.8

n.a. n.a.5.85 <.87.01 <.8

16.8 <.821.7 <.8

4 <.86.11 <.82.94 <.86.92 <.83.52 <.8

8.29 <.86.68 <.83.89 <.89.5 <.86.69 <.8

Nitrate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

35.5

n.a.25.7287.09

13.112.77.18n.a.

20.7

19.28.26

23.431.7

n.a.

12.12029.71536.2

28.2n.a.

31n.a.

28.5

n.a.53.539.542.398.4

3147.2

7.6736.420.5

17.652.820.658.647.1

Sulfate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

127n.a.

73.747.231.2

31.723.720.3

n.a.40.8

39.51838.112.9n.a.

33.630.241.528.354.9

48n.a.

37.5n.a.

40.8

n.a.86.133.868.1

246

58.286.517.687.648.3

1711675.1

138116

Delta D (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

-46n.a.

-37-22.5-38.5

-7-49.5

-56.5-15.5-20.5-58-14

Delta "O (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

-8.05n.a.

-6.45-4.75-6.8-2.4-8.1

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample-collection date

08/22/8908/29/8909/05/8909/19/8909/26/89

10/03/8910/18/8910/24/8910/31/8911/07/89

11/14/8911/21/8911/29/8912/18/8912/27/89

01/02/9001/09/9001/23/9001/30/9002/06/90

02/13/9002/20/9002/27/9003/13/9003/21/90

03/27/9004/03/9004/10/9004/17/9004/25/90

04/30/9005/08/9005/15/9005/23/9005/29/90

06/05/9006/12/9006/19/9006/26/9007/03/90

43

Table 5. Chemical analyses of precipitation collected from the U.S. Geological Survey precipitation-collection station at Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 Continued

Sample-collection date

07/10/9007/17/9007/24/9007/31/9008/07/90

08/14/9008/21/9008/28/9009/18/9009/25/90

10/02/9010/09/9010/16/9010/24/9011/06/90

11/13/9011/20/9011/27/9012/04/9012/18/90

12/26/9001/02/9101/08/9101/15/9101/22/91

02/05/9102/12/9102/19/9102/26/9103/05/91

03/12/9103/19/9103/26/9104/02/9104/09/91

04/16/9104/23/9104/29/9105/07/9105/14/91

Amount of precipitation

(mm)

24.685.319.10.3

33

25.148.853.816.827.4

12.5

86.69711.9

27.44.65.1

41.133

35.827.2

9.128.226.2

7.615.520.14.8

45.2

5.824.436.818.33.8

30.526.7

4.130

6.6

Specific conductance

(fiS/cm)

43

24

506129

4041316341

9440179

27

1430

n.a.2317

166

201228

2363362618

3622235023

2834432073

pH (units)

Field

4.06

4.283.93.794.21

4.094.113.813.834.03

3.654.084.64.724.29

4.494.124.264.34.41

4.834.894.214.554.16

4.283.824.144.274.48

4.24.264.273.984.28

4.194.084.044.43.76

Laboratory

4.114.293.95n.a.4.33

4.24.124.264.254.12

4.454.585.084.994.47

4.744.674.634.434.79

5.85.254.65.164.56

5.044.064.384.734.89

4.934.634.634.555.51

4.664.374.444.854.13

Calcium, dissolved (neq/L)

18

2.994.99n.a.4.49

7.093.493.29

163.19

92.849.3

8.632.498.98

4.9936.924

3.999.48

26.42.643.997.49

11

17.57.986.49

11.513.5

52.917.514.528.939.9

26.41127.91670.4

Magnes­ ium, dissolved

(Ueq/L)

3.621.150.99n.a.0.58

1.150.491.44.770.49

10.27.988.721.483.29

1.643.952.712.30.82

9.461.152.061.354.69

1.563.952.387.242.3

11.11.151.43.375.02

3.872.88

14.15.59

11.1

Sodium, dissolved (Ueq/L)

1.911.570.74n.a.0.57

1.13<.133.962.780.78

16.814.238.84.138.53

5.486.963.577.870.96

571.1712.789.35

1.444.090.915.097.13

5.481.441.173.577.13

4.617.577.392.044.31

Potas­ sium, dissolved

(Heq/L)

1.97

1.131.02n.a.0.41

0.720.310.611.280.59

9.0810.9

1.250.612.2

0.364.35

11.20.540.38

19.70.490.951.020.64

0.921.460.561.20.56

3.070.690.561.792.3

0.890.432.11.56

12.3

44

Ammonium, dissolved (ueq/L)

41.19.92

16.6n.a.

18.5

45.624.913.227.328.1

4128.16.82

<2.410.8

9.6820.96.26

11.68.24

38.75.629.986.37n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Chloride, dissolved Nitrite, dissolved (Ueq/L) (Ueq/L)

5.28 <85.88 <.85.14 <.8n.a. n.a.4.21 <8

5.41 <83.35 <.88.79 <.8

21.8 <82.88 <.8

18 <.815.8 <.846.9 <.8

5.89 <.89.99 <.8

8.74 <.89.52 <.8

12.4 <.811.8 <.83.15 <.8

54.7 <.83.96 <.84.89 <.87.6 <.8

19.3 <.8

4.71 <.811.3 <.84.99 <.87.78 <.8

10.9 <.8

8.09 <.84.97 <.84.03 <.87.86 <.8

10.2 <.8

7.49 <.810.8 <.810.7 <.87.12 <.8

16.6 <.8

Nitrate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

28.621.827.4

n.a.20.5

31.130.227.563.832.5

61.229.3

6.826.69

24.3

1243.822.918.810.2

21.89.17

19.213.324.4

21.374.239.921.720.6

4819.621.14719.3

24.422.437.422.656.8

Sulfate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

10841.4

108n.a.

54.8

85.973.751.993.280.6

12087.428.514.143.2

15.936.129.434.430.2

44.19.56

30.520.341.3

33.684.541.535.226.2

78.429.435.882.737.2

49.860.27044.4

141

Delta D (per mil)

-15.5

-35.5-37.5

n.a.-36

-25.5-36-37-40

-31.5

n.a.n.a.

-13

-26.5-4.5

-51.5-55-72-10

-62.5

-27.5-94

-111

-63.5-39.5

-84.5-14.5

-103-39-47

-44.5-65-50

-60.5-16

-28.5-104

-38.5-34

-32.5

Delta 18O (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

-7

-6.15

n.a.n.a.

-3.45-6.25-4.05

-9-9.5

-10.55-4.9

-10.15

-5.1

-13.45-15.1-10.6

-8.05

-11.85-4.4

-15-7.4-7.1

-7.2

-10.8-7.8-9.1-4.6

-6.35-15

-6.95-6.4-4.6

Sample-collection date

07/10/90

07/17/9007/24/9007/31/9008/07/90

08/14/9008/21/9008/28/9009/18/9009/25/90

10/02/9010/09/9010/16/9010/24/9011/06/90

11/13/9011/20/901 1/27/9012/04/9012/18/90

12/26/9001/02/9101/08/9101/15/9101/22/91

02/05/9102/12/9102/19/9102/26/9103/05/91

03/12/9103/19/9103/26/9104/02/9104/09/91

04/16/9104/23/9104/29/9105/07/9105/14/91

45

Table 5. Chemical analyses of precipitation collected from the U.S. Geological Survey precipitation-collection station at Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample-collection date

05/21/91

05/28/9106/04/9106/18/9106/25/91

07/09/9107/17/9107/23/9107/30/9108/06/91

08/13/9108/20/9108/27/9109/10/9109/17/91

09/24/9110/01/9110/08/9110/15/9110/22/91

11/12/9111/19/9111/26/9112/03/9112/10/91

12/17/9112/23/9112/30/9101/07/9201/14/92

01/28/9202/18/9202/25/9203/03/9203/10/92

03/17/9203/24/9203/31/9204/13/9204/21/92

Amount of precipitation

(mm)

22.911

53.39.9

24.917

1.324.1

1

25.430.513.251.6

6.4

78.210.435.19.4

17

14.72.5

49.362.519.3

8.13.8

26.914.714.7

10.425.710.28.6

40.9

18.33.8

45.24.65.1

Specific conductance

(tiS/cm)

181061383688

5629

15238

290

7338684252

4837195514

2069131117

2068122216

2337

1152623

274620

12981

pH (units)

Field

4.35

3.51

3.494.083.61

3.884.073.3643.17

3.753.993.613.984.27

3.874.094.373.844.55

4.353.884.624.534.41

4.394.064.574.444.47

4.254.153.794.194.32

4.2844.163.563.77

Laboratory

4.78n.a.n.a.4.244.04

4.084.2n.a.4.12n.a.

3.864.083.874.134.13

4.134.614.614.044.94

4.79n.a.5.144.714.96

4.784.454.94.825.09

4.614.33n.a.4.784.58

4.474.214.433.824.1

Calcium, dissolved (neq/L)

17.5n.a.n.a.3.998.48

122.5n.a.

10.3n.a.

4.440.66.042.4

12.9

6.15.13.89

10.16.04

4.59n.a.

11.31.656.89

4.5413.75.996.049.33

7.046.24n.a.

11.95.99

11.39.185.59

42.5n.a.

Magnes­ ium, dissolved

(Heq/L)

3.45

n.a.n.a.0.992.8

2.711.07n.a.2.06n.a.

1.1512.710.72.71

4.237.4

2.631.896.42

1.4n.a.5.81.89

16.5

2.4208

1.3242.5

8.8

2.9625.5

n.a.12.82.96

1.893.041.159.95n.a.

Sodium, dissolved (|ieq/L)

1.91n.a.n.a.0.742.61

2.910.87n.a.0.83n.a.

1.443.23.350.91.87

0.960.17<.130.650.22

1.52n.a.2.870.130.1

0.436.61<.138.051.17

1.870.7n.a.<.133.7

1.651.522.311.78n.a.

Potas­ sium, dissolved

(Ueq/L)

1.13n.a.n.a.0.431.43

1.020.69n.a.<.2n.a.

0.280.080.71.31.2

0.280.56<.2<.20.15

0.66n.a.0.51<.2<.2

0.080.1<.2<.20.18

<.2<.2n.a.<.2<.2

1.410.46<.21.18n.a.

46

Ammonium, dissolved (|xeq/L)

16.7n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

25.2

14.211.2n.a.

15.616.8

22.725.2<2.453.563.4

Chloride, dissolved Nitrite, dissolved (Heq/L) (Heq/L)

9.24 <.8n.a. n.a.n.a. n.a.8.04 1.07

30.9 <.8

9.56 <.811.9 <.8n.a. n.a.7.69 <.8n.a. n.a.

10.4 <.87.84 <.8

13.7 <.85.78 <.8

14.9 <.8

9.64 <.860.6 <.8

6.52 <.89.48 <.84.7 <.8

5.85 <.8n.a. n.a.9.96 <.83.36 <.8

21.5 <.8

2.96 <.8174 <.8

2.44 <.863.6 <.815.5 <.8

6.47 <.830.9 <.8

n.a. n.a.12.3 <.810 <.8

5.43 <.89.33 <.87.26 <.8

11.7 1.9315 <.8

Nitrate, dissolved (Heq/L)

15.1n.a.n.a.

31.966.4

40.217.6n.a.

42.4n.a.

53.123.766.626.344.7

28.52512.868.416.1

13.4n.a.8.825.57

13.6

137.094.267.38

11.5

25.830.7

n.a.19.815.1

28.560.421.5

13673.2

Sulfate, dissolved (Heq/L)

34.4

n.a.n.a.

67.490.6

11360.7

n.a.86.2

n.a.

14083.1

14679.394.7

10740.82872.530.9

31.3n.a.

18.617.827.5

26.38.81

17.815.824.8

31.942.1

n.a.38.343.2

48.96539.9

179139

Delta D (per mil)

-45.5-17

-19.5-29.5-39.5

-26-26.5

4.5-29

-6

-18.5-52-49-36-29.5

-14.5-45-64-52.5

-121

-62.5n.a.

-17.5-78.5-90

-73-87-60-54-63.5

-66-96.5-61.5-84-38.5

-49.5-84.5-93-22

-9.5

Delta 18O (per mil)

-7.35-3.2

-3.5-5.6-6.3

-4.7-5.45-0.8-5-1.5

-4.5-8.55-8.3-6.85-5.4

-4.4-8.15

-10.1-8.75

-16.1

-10.1n.a.

-4.6-11.35-13.1

-9.8-12-10.05

-9.5-9.5

-10.8-14.45

-9.7-11.8

-6.95

-7.9-12.8-14.25-4-2.9

Sample-collection date

05/21/91

05/28/9106/04/9106/18/9106/25/91

07/09/9107/17/9107/23/9107/30/9108/06/91

08/13/9108/20/9108/27/9109/10/9109/17/91

09/24/9110/01/9110/08/9110/15/9110/22/91

11/12/9111/19/9111/26/9112/03/9112/10/91

12/17/9112/23/9112/30/9101/07/9201/14/92

01/28/9202/18/9202/25/9203/03/9203/10/92

03/17/9203/24/9203/31/9204/13/9204/21/92

47

Table 5. Chemical analyses of precipitation collected from the U.S. Geological Survey precipitation-collection station at Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample-collection date

04/23/9204/28/9205/03/9205/12/9205/19/92

05/26/9206/02/9206/09/9206/23/9206/30/92

07/07/9207/14/9207/21/9207/28/9208/04/92

08/1 1/9208/18/9208/25/9209/01/9209/08/92

09/15/9209/22/9209/29/9210/13/9210/27/92

11/03/9211/10/9211/17/9211/24/9212/01/92

12/08/9212/15/9212/21/9212/29/9201/05/93

01/12/9301/19/9301/26/9302/17/9302/23/93

Amount of precipitation

(mm)

968.13.6

29.524.9

13.541.141.717.530.5

42.25.3

43.2105.929.5

0.526.726.7

8.940.9

41.11.8

42.735.6

1

665.1

15.757.4

5.6

5.885.619.811.918

4.66.1

327.4

11.2

Specific conductance

(US/cm)

958343058

4512163040

4776212627

4345582217

1837101167

3549141839

37101920

9

2825172033

pH (units)

Field

4.66

3.874.234.193.92

4.024.534.434.154

3.953.74.34.184.17

3.943.963.834.374.42

4.354.034.624.533.86

4.113.954.574.414.03

4.094.654.364.364.99

4.164.224.124.354.11

Laboratory

4.954.26n.a.4.434.11

4.364.844.934.664.19

4.13n.a.4.514.414.52

n.a.4.34.075.224.99

4.81n.a.5.24.92n.a.

4.294.324.764.664.42

4.314.754.544.664.99

n.a.4.454.614.534.29

Calcium, dissolved (|ieq/L)

0.721.9

n.a.14.916.2

16.14.543.19

13.19.1

8.6n.a.8.56.9

14

n.a.17.414.625.312.8

8.83n.a.7.348.33n.a.

13.522.5

3.49<.45

20.5

9.98<.45<.453.491.5

n.a.4.4925.998.48

Magnes­ ium, dissolved

(Heq/L)

1.152.63n.a.3.783.37

1.810.490.333.131.3

1.7n.a.1.90.71.23

n.a.2.31.075.762.3

0.58n.a.0.991.56n.a.

1.43.952.474.032.3

1.970.490.583.462.72

n.a.1.152.551.552.22

Sodium, dissolved (neq/L)

1.960.09n.a.5.830.35

0.22<.13<.134.870.1

3.2n.a.0.80.50.78

n.a.0.87<.138.185.48

<.13n.a.0.442.65n.a.

3.181.346.48

15.83.44

1.652.261.577.05

11.1

n.a.2.611.522.653.48

Potas­ sium, dissolved

(Heq/L)

<.2

<.2

n.a.1.532.58

1.48<.2<.22.560.4

0.4n.a.<.20.6<.2

n.a.<.20.542.790.38

<.2n.a.<.2<.2n.a.

<.21.283.841.281.02

1.28<.2<.2<.21.02

n.a.0.510.2<.20.84

48

Ammonium, dissolved (|ieq/L)

12.317.5n.a.

22.926.6

18.4<2.4<2.428.8<2.4

<2.4n.a.

<2.4<2.4<2.4

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

11.1

n.a.15.610.916.222.1

Chloride, dissolved Nitrite, dissolved (Ueq/L) (Ueq/L)

5.06 <.84.84 <8n.a. n.a.

10.6 <87.28 <8

5.52 <.81.82 <.83.06 <.86.58 <.83.3 <.8

6.02 <.8n.a. n.a.2.52 <.82.11 <.83.98 1.44

n.a. n.a.2.79 <.82.69 0.617.06 <.87.45 <.8

0.86 <.8n.a. n.a.2.66 <.8

11.9 <.8n.a. n.a.

7.32 <.810.7 <.813.2 <.821 <.812.9 0.66

5.33 <.85.21 <.85.14 <.8

10.2 <.812.1 <8

n.a. n.a.7.6 <.86.03 <.84.89 <.87.14 <.8

Nitrate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

6.8144.6

n.a.36.653.2

33.31114.326.828.4

37.4n.a.

1617.416.6

n.a.42.132.619.712.3

11.7n.a.7.366.44n.a.

32.133.21114.437.8

44.27.33

119.958.7

n.a.14.212.719.548.6

Sulfate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

16.478.3

n.a.51.9

110

77.82016.256.981.8

82n.a.

41.644.448

n.a.72.6

1173928.3

33.6n.a.

18.120.5

n.a.

53.673.326.224.447.2

36.515.729.132.914.2

n.a.44.330.735.642.4

Delta D (per mil)

-32.5-49-17.5-36-20

-38-32-49.5-29.5-50

-264.5

-32-52-39.5

n.a.-47.5-48.5-29-31

-30.5-12-49.7-23.8-12.9

-33-86.8-25.6-20.1-44.7

-84.7-70.4-67.2-53.1-34.2

-115-63.2-74.5-87.4-82.4

Delta 18O (per mil)

-5.9-8.1

-2.85-6.3-4.55

-6.55-6.4-7.95-5.7-7.95

-4.55-0.7-5.6-8.3-6.1

n.a.-7.55-7.8-5.6-5.75

-5.75-3.15-8.2-5.37-3.34

-7.15-12.26-5.77-4.22-7.08

-13.28-11.4

-9.45-9.17-5.76

-15.09-9.41

-11.45-12.88-12.55

Sample-collection date

04/23/9204/28/9205/03/9205/12/9205/19/92

05/26/9206/02/9206/09/9206/23/9206/30/92

07/07/9207/14/9207/21/9207/28/9208/04/92

08/1 1/9208/18/9208/25/9209/01/9209/08/92

09/15/9209/22/9209/29/9210/13/9210/27/92

11/03/9211/10/9211/17/9211/24/9212/01/92

12/08/9212/15/9212/21/9212/29/9201/05/93

01/12/9301/19/9301/26/9302/17/9302/23/93

49

Table 5. Chemical analyses of precipitation collected from the U.S. Geological Survey precipitation-collection station at Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 Continued

Sample-collection date

03/08/9303/17/9303/23/9303/30/9304/06/93

04/13/9304/20/9305/1 1/9305/18/9305/25/93

06/01/9306/08/9306/15/9306/29/9307/06/93

07/13/9307/20/9308/03/9308/10/9308/17/93

08/24/9309/07/9309/14/9309/21/9309/28/93

10/05/9310/12/9310/19/9310/26/931 1/02/93

1 1/09/9311/16/931 1/23/931 1/30/9312/07/93

Amount of precipitation

(mm)

52.122.610.285.629

51.36715.2139.1

4621.111

110.2

11.27.6

1226.720.1

6.492.731.856.440.6

8.625.1

911.231.8

13.71.38.9

120.681.3

Specific conductance

(US/cm)

32

22

802542

206

256444

1751465999

3548883747

4512323034

5728151826

1227181215

pH (units)

Field

4.19

4.373.794.414.04

4.365.354.343.844

4.463.873.943.783.58

4.093.963.614.033.93

3.864.554.053.693.67

3.653.993.9343.39

4.44.234.444.674.44

Laboratory

4.284.493.884.654.43

4.595.44.224.014.17

4.64.03n.a.4.013.77

4.274.093.824.154.1

4.114.814.314.324.23

4.07n.a.4.725.074.45

4.814.434.584.754.8

Calcium, dissolved (neq/L)

<.45

7.49

1613.53.99

2.842.899.45

258.5

211.5n.a.

15.56.49

4.995.99

16<.455.99

11.55.99

10.54.99<.45

10n.a.<.45

22.53.99

<.454.494.99<.452.5

Magnes­ ium, dissolved

(Heq/L)

0.393.623.46

30.712.4

4.9920.5

5.277.572.3

0.812.3n.a.3.72.88

1.731.813.951.331.56

1.561.482.471.230.56

2.47n.a.0.412.471.73

0.51.41.743.371.23

Sodium, dissolved (Ueq/L)

0.810.37.353.962.56

2.743.43

10.60.910.78

0.70.44n.a.14.92

2.091.572.540.231.55

0.721.570.51.931.47

2.8n.a.0.31.144.44

0.612.323.44

13.91.78

Potas­ sium, dissolved

(Ueq/L)

0.410.770.870.641.36

0.720.723.583.332.6

<.2<.2n.a.1.021.28

<.22.21.53<.20.77

0.640.590.970.510.49

0.77n.a.<.2

27.4<.2

0.590.640.56<.2<.2

50

Ammonium, dissolved (ueq/L)

26.915.312.624.818.2

7.92.66.6

33.620.2

16.924.8

n.a.25.137.2

22.422.96.64.3

28.8

34.81828.422.114.2

18.6n.a.8.71

10.412.3

2.81.8

<2.4<2.412.6

Chloride, dissolved Nitrite, dissolved (Ueq/L) (ueq/L)

3.47 <.812.4 <.811.7 1.312.9 <.815.8 <.8

5.99 <.88.98 <.8

<1.8 <.84.61 1.634.16 <.8

1.57 <.84.14 <.8n.a. n.a.5.25 <.8

12.5 <.8

2.96 <.86.47 <.85.17 <.86.67 <.81.14 <.8

<1.8 <.8<1.8 0.8

3.66 <.83.99 <.84.27 <.8

6.11 <.8n.a. n.a.2.64 <.87.1 <.86.82 <.8

1.43 1.134.59 <.84.26 <.8

17.2 <.84.87 <.8

Nitrate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

34

19.2

68.923.436

14.48.06

27.259.952.5

9.745.5

n.a.30.3

105

24.324.451.422.335.6

30.512.720.519.925.6

48.3n.a.

10.914.824.7

10.61915.77.72

11.9

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

52.938.186.151.552.7

35.623.652.8

13272.7

34.382.7

n.a.117157

64.892.3

12858.285.3

97.424.268.755.765.9

88.6n.a.

23.438.834.4

19.429.524.818.823.3

Delta D (per mil)

-96.3-39.5-77.5-47.3-58.3

-73.1-50-22.5-20-25.6

-39.6-30.5

n.a.-29.4-26.7

-4.9-13.1-15.2-72.3-49.8

-20.4-25.5-32-23.8-29.2

-14-34.8-65.4-53.3-97.6

-59.3-29.4-48.1-48.7-82.8

Delta I8O (per mil)

-13.76

-8.15-9-7.77-8.71

-11.06-7.8-4.2-3.98-5.2

-7.09-5.32n.a.

-5.11-5.19

-2.26-3.44-3.1-8.41-7.77

-4.27-5.25-6.28-5.17-6.14

-4.16-6.81

-10.8-8.4

-14.36

-9.72-4.98-7.51-8.1

-12.26

Sample-collection date

03/08/9303/17/9303/23/9303/30/9304/06/93

04/13/9304/20/9305/11/9305/18/9305/25/93

06/01/9306/08/9306/15/9306/29/9307/06/93

07/13/9307/20/9308/03/9308/10/9308/17/93

08/24/9309/07/9309/14/9309/21/9309/28/93

10/05/9310/12/9310/19/9310/26/9311/02/93

11/09/9311/16/931 1/23/931 1/30/9312/07/93

51

Table 5. Chemical analyses of precipitation collected from the U.S. Geological Survey precipitation-collection station at Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 Continued

Sample-collection date

12/14/93

12/22/9312/30/93

Amount of precipitation

(mm)

7.68.90.3

Specific conductance

(US/cm)

34

3048

pH (units)

Field

3.87

4.03

3.82

Laboratory

4.214.22n.a.

Calcium, dissolved (neq/L)

10.56.49n.a.

Magnes­ ium, dissolved

(Heq/L)

2.051.1n.a.

Sodium, dissolved (Ueq/L)

4.05

2.54n.a.

Potas­ sium, dissolved

(Ueq/L)

0.610.41n.a.

52

Ammonium, Chloride, dissolved Nitrite, dissolved Nitrate, dissolved Sulfate, dissolved Sample-collection dissolved ()ieq/L) (Heq/L)______(Ueq/L)______(Heq/L)______(Heq/L) Delta D (per mil) Delta I8O (per mil)____date

4.2<2.4

n.a.

5.02 <.84.31 <.8n.a. n.a.

23.946.8

n.a.

55.133.8

n.a.

-61.7-124.3-141.6

-9.26-17.03-19.45

12/14/9312/22/9312/30/93

53

Table 6. Chemical analyses of throughfall collected from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93

[mm, millimeters; uS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter, ueq/L, microequivalents per liter, umol/L, micromoles per liter, <, less than; ANC, acid- neutralizing capacity, n.a., not analyzed]

Sample- Amount of collection throughfall o

date (mm)

10/09/9010/16/9010/24/9011/06/9011/13/90

12/04/9005/14/9105/21/9106/18/9107/09/91

08/13/9108/20/9108/27/9109/10/9109/24/91

10/08/9110/15/9110/22/9111/12/9111/19/91

04/23/9204/28/9205/03/9205/12/9205/19/92

05/26/9206/02/9206/09/9206/23/9206/30/92

07/07/9207/14/9207/21/9207/28/9208/04/92

08/18/9208/25/92

2.282.772.2

7.917.8

30.91.29.9

6215.8

18.615.36.6

38.744.3

15.15.6

10.47.41.4

68.74.91.8

18.214.7

10.525.821.211.619.8

21.31.9

2279.216.8

17.322

Specific onductance (uS/cm)

1233822

10629

5468598578

7076834754

407754

15287

2376

1476996

10522265932

54102332839

6635

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Aluminum, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (neq/L)

Coniferous throughfall4.45 4.61 2704.65.084.695

4.155.935.634.24.21

4.114.034.044.534.06

4.564.034.174.434.21

4.423.94.234.294.34

4.755.294.885.975.01

4.316.84.74.514.55

4.464.29

5.865.535.656.12

4.235.375.154.284.75

4.344.14.085.564.17

n.a.n.a.4.474.58n.a.

4.534.06n.a.4.784.88

4.864.95.16.24.9

4.34n.a.4.874.634.65

4.394.41

54.433.9

20548.4

61.468.476.888.3

125

11993.2

13466.538.7

n.a.n.a.

66.8305

n.a.

15.482.3

n.a.103114

13123.329.574.750.6

78.7n.a.

62.145.359.8

11734.3

88.830.220.5

11023.4

24.537.533.741.653

56.44758.228.613.9

n.a.n.a.

25.8108

n.a.

4.6923.5

n.a.42.350.3

7310.210.131.523.6

33.8n.a.

24.817.423.2

46.713.2

24.466.619.119.612.7

18.524.9

9.616.44

11.4

52.314.79.92.26

n.a.n.a.3.44

16.9n.a.

9.76.48n.a.

19.37.05

7.310.481.22

13.62.8

8.3n.a.4.51.52

3.220.39

19575.767

39484.7

47.8165312322225

82.580.777.456.326.2

n.a.n.a.

54.1289

n.a.

14.653.6

n.a.118166

30466.498.9

305105

98.4n.a.

63.339.350.6

85.324.9

122.342.114.231.78

3.785.789.67

11.95.67

1.891.8<.222.70.6

n.a.n.a.1.11

16.9n.a.

1.115.34n.a.4.345.67

9.912.678.562.22

3.11n.a.1.562.110.56

1<.22

54

Iron, total, dissolved (neq/L)

<0.38<38<38<38<38

<38<38<38<38<38

0.681.1<381<38

n.a.n.a.0.751.11n.a.

<381n.a.0.430.57

1.651.250.571.43<38

<38n.a.0.430.68<38

0.650.54

Chloride, Nitrite, dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (neq/L)

63.810228

13624.6

36.930.127.432.337.7

24.128.225.928.2

7.64

n.a.n.a.

19.295.2

n.a.

14.416.6n.a.

38.330.9

47.37.14

10.145.113.6

17.1n.a.

11.37.02

16

21.36.98

<0.8<.8<.8<.8<.8

<.8<.8

49.619.6<.8

<.8<.8<.82.61<.8

n.a.n.a.<8<.8n.a.

<.8<8n.a.<.82.89

<.8<.8<8<.8<.8

2.02n.a.1.43<.81.41

<.8<.8

Nitrate, dissolved (Heq/L)

157<.457.98

13840

84.484.525.3

11174.1

80.810913220.847.2

n.a.n.a.

75358

n.a.

18.9125

n.a.163234

25636.240.152.630.1

55.2n.a.

31.615.955.2

10929.8

Sulfate, dissolved (neq/L)

4156667.2

22454.4

109128156219246

240265174186159

n.a.n.a.

154455

n.a.

46.7151

n.a.187285

1485472.5

166120

192n.a.

12094.2

128

237118

Silica, ANC dissolved Delta D

(neq/L) (fimol/L) (per mil)

<43619

26147

<4<4<4<4<4

<4<4<4<4<4

n.a.n.a.

<4<4

n.a.

-343-109

n.a.^46.6-43

5.45-11-1098.9

-10

-72.2n.a.

-16.3-32.1-33.1

-42-50.8

27.41.8<.43<.43<.43

<.438.40.92.247

2.77<.431.71<.43

n.a.n.a.<.434n.a.

<.431n.a.2.43

4.70.61.12.7<.43

3n.a.<.43<.43<.43

3.99<.43

-4.5-11-23

-0.5-45

-7.5-37-43-25.5-19

-18.5-35-46-28-14

-61.5-44-96.5-50.5-73

-24.5-23.5

-9.5-34-13

-27-25-38-21-45.5

-17.5-5

-30.5-46-34.5

-40.5-53

Delta 180 (per mil)

-2.6-2.8-5.65-3.45-7.9

^.35-6.1-6.75-5.15-4.1

-4.1-6.45-7.75-5.55-3.9

-9.6-7.85

-13.35-8.5

-11.25

-4.85-5.05-2.15-6.05-3.4

-5.25-5.3-6.35-4.45-7.25

-3.9-2.15-4.9-7.6-5.7

-6.4-8.3

Sample- collection

date

10/09/9010/16/9010/24/9011/06/9011/13/90

12/04/9005/14/9105/21/9106/18/9107/09/91

08/13/9108/20/9108/27/9109/10/9109/24/91

10/08/9110/15/9110/22/9111/12/9111/19/91

04/23/9204/28/9205/03/9205/12/9205/19/92

05/26/9206/02/9206/09/9206/23/9206/30/92

07/07/9207/14/9207/21/9207/28/9208/04/92

08/18/9208/25/92

55

Table 6. Chemical analyses of throughfall collected from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93- Continued

Sample- Amount of collection throughfall o

date (mm)

09/01/9209/08/9209/15/9209/22/9209/29/92

10/13/9211/03/9211/10/9211/17/9211/24/92

12/01/9212/08/9212/15/9212/21/9212/29/92

01/05/9301/12/9301/19/9301/26/9302/18/93

02/23/9303/02/9303/08/9303/23/9303/30/93

04/06/9304/13/9304/20/9304/27/9305/11/93

05/18/9305/25/9306/01/9306/08/9306/15/93

06/22/9306/29/9307/06/9307/20/93

4.237.726

1.926.3

32.572.7

1.316.841.3

8.93.9

96.717.313

12.73.5

1319.253.3

22.55.5

56.242.553

23.827.732.332.312.5

11.95.8

26.8129.2

12.32.7

21.54.4

Specific onductance (uS/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Coniferous throughfall122 5.38 4.7929229132

2972885359

104n.a.

3073

114

571398058

110

5974

11610280

6348235068

9077399145

55126110131

4.834.785.544.56

4.674.516.294.414.17

3.823.514.343.873.79

4.733.633.773.943.76

4.044.093.763.793.82

3.934.14.54.044.28

5.344.184.553.924.27

4.33.963.74.07

5.024.81n.a.4.64

4.634.72n.a.4.484.48

3.98n.a.4.374.083.95

4.16n.a.3.864.223.87

4.14.23.813.863.9

4.044.164.614.144.3

5.354.244.454.04n.a.

4.39n.a.3.874.2

Aluminum, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (neq/L) (ueq/L)

Continued220 81.3

34.421.8

n.a.42.7

46.3177

n.a.11095.3

135n.a.

22.574.9

115

58.9n.a.

70.464.4

118

45.4n.a.

87.366.945.4

32.441.92248.9

108

18967.935.4

105n.a.

66.4n.a.

98.3206

157.24n.a.

14.9

16.681.1

n.a.39.233.7

51.8n.a.8.72

26.838.1

18.6n.a.

21.419.334.8

10.5n.a.

18.116.111.4

8.3112.37.41

11.525.4

56.231.314.744.9

n.a.

25.9n.a.

34.372.7

14.410.1

1.91n.a.7.26

7.268.13n.a.

17.955.2

21.4n.a.6.745.61

130

32.5n.a.

1533.391.8

69.6n.a.

7077.411.7

4.391110.113.825.8

9.226.094.134.65n.a.

5.52n.a.8.57

10.4

16234.327.8

n.a.52.2

43.463.9

n.a.81.662.4

66.2n.a.

15.324.639.4

18.7n.a.

18.915.628.7

7.34n.a.

20.215.412.3

11.32013.317.140.2

17511657.8

113n.a.

87n.a.

53.7189

4<.22<.22n.a.6.23

5.567.56n.a.4.563.22

5.34n.a.1.092.157.34

4.67n.a.5.342.847.34

2.65n.a.6.236.341.92

1.092.110.7825.11

5.782.891.894.34n.a.

3.11n.a.2.58

13.2

56

Iron, total, dissolved (ueq/L)

1.610.59<.38n.a.0.43

0.810.97n.a.<.38<.38

<.38n.a.<.38<.38<.38

<.38n.a.<.38<.38<.38

<.38n.a.<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<.381.89n.a.

<.38n.a.<.381.79

Chloride, Nitrite, Nitrate, dissolved dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (neq/L) (jieq/L)

37.621.3

6.13n.a.

18.8

23.857.1

n.a.37.373.9

36.9n.a.

15.918

176

41.4n.a.

3052.6

116

76.118571.191.215.5

8.423.416.720.556.8

2613.913.319.3n.a.

21.8n.a.

20.550

0.77 168<.8 34.9<.8 18.1n.a. n.a.<.8 36.6

<.8 35.1<.8 87.2n.a. n.a.<.8 65.3<.8 52.5

<.8 114n.a. n.a.<.8 44.6<.8 86.1<.8 115

<.8 48.3n.a. n.a.<.8 52.2<.8 101<.8 191

<.8 103<.8 108<.8 191<.8 133<.8 81.8

<.8 61.6<.8 70.7<.8 27.9<.8 72.8<.8 200

29.9 142<.8 1461.54 86.21.55 159n.a. n.a.

<.8 108n.a. n.a.<.8 156<.8 293

Sulfate, dissolved (neq/L)

33795.553.5

n.a.87.6

81.2245

n.a.165141

269n.a.

50.2147212

122n.a.

214108163

78.137.6

138109122

87.8754682.5

100

243217

76.5217

n.a.

122n.a.

135319

Silica, ANC dissolved

(neq/L) (nmol/L)

-11.7-7.5

-15.1n.a.

-8.04

1.2-5.56n.a.

-9.06n.a.

n.a.n.a.

-55.2-105-148

-93.3n.a.

-162

-70.9-166

-108

-84.9-176-147-137

-90

-79.2-27

-80.8-53.5

74.4-58.2-34

-93.4n.a.

-42.2n.a.

-42.2-68.2

5.82.39<.43n.a.1.6

0.462.85n.a.<.439.12

<.43n.a.<.43<.43<.43

<.43n.a.<.43<.43<.43

<.43<.43<.43<.43<.43

<.43<.43<.430.781.32

2.172.491.253.6n.a.

<.43n.a.<.433.71

Delta D (per mil)

-10.5-26.5-29

-11.9-44.9

-15.4-31.4-61.7-18.3-15.7

-35.9-73

-76.4-63.7-49.6

-23.5-85.8-64.6-61.6-85.8

-85.5-91.2-99-57

-45.2

-56

-49.4-46.3-46.7-19.2

-17.7-21.6-36.6-27.5

n.a.

-0.8

n.a.-24.4-11.9

Delta 18O (per mil)

-3.25-5.4

-5.45-2.8-7.5

-4.5

-6.65-9.48-4.84-3.65

-6.07-11.15-12.18

-9.5

-8.73

-4.61-12.7

-9.87-9.51

-12.58

-12.76-13.36-13.83

-9.69-7.84

-8.75-8.12-7.37-8.23-3.86

-3.67-5.01-6.41-4.56n.a.

-1.78n.a.

-4.74-2.88

Sample- collection

date

09/01/9209/08/9209/15/9209/22/9209/29/92

10/13/9211/03/9211/10/9211/17/9211/24/92

12/01/9212/08/9212/15/9212/21/9212/29/92

01/05/9301/12/9301/19/9301/26/9302/18/93

02/23/9303/02/9303/08/9303/23/9303/30/93

04/06/9304/13/9304/20/9304/27/9305/11/93

05/18/9305/25/9306/01/9306/08/9306/15/93

06/22/9306/29/9307/06/9307/20/93

57

Table 6. Chemical analyses of throughfall collected from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93- Continued

Sample- Amount of collection throughfall c

date (mm)

08/03/9308/10/9308/17/9308/24/9309/07/93

09/14/9309/21/9309/28/9310/05/9310/12/93

10/19/9310/26/9311/02/9311/09/9311/16/93

11/23/9311/30/9312/07/9312/14/9312/21/93

10/09/9010/16/9010/24/9011/06/9005/14/91

05/21/9106/18/9107/09/9108/13/9108/20/91

08/27/9109/10/9109/24/9110/08/9110/15/91

10/22/9111/12/9111/19/91

6.423.510.210.857

28.327.527.7

5.716.7

4.27.9

19.79.43.6

6.58759

8.317

3.480.380.8

9.21.7

11.474.720.523.221.7

9.844.246.717.96.7

1311.32.3

Specific onductance (uS/cm)

pH (units)

Field

Coniferous135 3.7158

1226332

3935547130

10666540

102

6637416474

833422

14845

4494

n.a.4949

8137393043

2611939

4.033.624.054.31

4.043.283.73.664.47

4.854.925.573.974.11

4.074.413.813.873.64

6.315.926.035.836.1

4.373.923.344.344.32

4.054.594.35.76.44

5.866.26.83

Laboratory

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

throughfall Continued 3.82 156 51.74.133.754.194.52

4.274.364.134.114.82

5.355.445.814.564.26

4.144.414.314.063.96

Deciduous6.46.366.276.115.75

4.433.983.534.654.37

4.064.694.4n.a.n.a.

5.286.16n.a.

51.913910439.9

40.443.947.997.336.9

1619015765.4

198

88.833.927.961.467.9

throughfall232

58.949.9

37997.8

75.897.3

n.a.80.272.3

12247.841.3

n.a.n.a.

61.8162

n.a.

18.835.627.311.2

11.612.115.429.112

565.380.625.678.2

33.414.511.522.522.4

75.740.228.3

22351.5

41.449

n.a.28.131

44.81813.8n.a.n.a.

20.9103

n.a.

Aluminum, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved Qieq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

7.71.914.573.182.91

0.992.592.328.398.83

2.021327.3

2.9110.9

9.0545.7

7.3945.92

2171.316.712.112.7

8.315.83n.a.41.52

77.32.34n.a.n.a.

39.96n.a.

9741.262.985.429.7

25.124.144.351.950.1

17.1154271

49.4143

6616.115.12120.7

25395.786.8

667131

132235

n.a.78.171.6

85.945.230.2

n.a.n.a.

84.1606

n.a.

6.892.125.563.51. 11

1.131.150.812.190.64

<.226.234.672.069.45

6.121.370.962.713.21

7.232.782.562.223.89

4.8911.4n.a.1.22<.22

0.671.110.4n.a.n.a.

1.1113.4n.a.

58

Iron, total, Chloride, Nitrite, Nitrate, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (M^q/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

<.383.22<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<.388.13<.38

<.38<.38n.a.0.54<.38

<.380.4<.38n.a.n.a.

0.820.57n.a.

31.615.826.819.67.69

8.219.919.89

24.422

5.952.569.91561.5

27.565.911.412.516.8

48.695.922.492.418.5

11.315n.a.

10.512.3

20.416.56.57n.a.n.a.

16.744

n.a.

1.36 182<.8 85.5<.8 183<.8 42.51.63 25.1

<.8 28.4<.8 26.4<.8 39.4<.8 79.1<.8 34.1

<.8 5.32<.8 60.9<.8 61.1<.8 36.8<.8 241

<.8 80.8<.8 37<.8 47.3<.8 57<.8 89

<.8 70.6<8 <.45<.8 <.45<.8 <45<.8 42.7

<.8 <.4517.5 53.3n.a. n.a.<.8 40.32.47 59.5

<8 1471.87 30.8<.8 32.8n.a. n.a.n.a. n.a.

<.8 30.1<.8 12.8n.a. n.a.

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

278125138122

54.1

11095.2

14717965.1

27249177123211

13458.977.5

129147

27659.245.3

155167

77.6158

n.a.189181

168130139

n.a.n.a.

98.6193

n.a.

ANC (ueq/L)

-165-80.2

-379-56.4-78.5

-58.5^5.6-73.7

-110-7.3

0.525

218-6.8

-69.6

-75.7-37.9-59.7-87.7

-110

193102103

1030<4

<4<4

n.a.<4<4

<4<4<4

n.a.n.a.

<4<4

n.a.

Silica, dissolved Delta D Qimol/L) (per mil)

4.111.391.642<.43

<.43<.43<.431.4<.43

<.437.164.13<.432.71

1.6<.43<.430.68<.43

13.51.8<.43<.434.8

0.36n.a.2.812.1

211n.a.n.a.

<.432n.a.

-17.3-91-33.3-28.4-21.3

-38.4-20.1-26.4-16^8.8

-67.7n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

-4-10.5-27.5

-3-31

-44-23.5-21.5-19-38.5

^5.5-33-14-60.5^5.5

-99.5-57.5-85

Delta 180 (per mil)

-3.28-12.89

-5.8-5.01^.46

-6.88-4.1

-5.86-4.44-8.75

-10.89n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

-2.75-2.8-5.95-3.5-4.3

-6.65-5.2^.25-4.3-6.8

-7.7-6.25-3.7-9.45-8.1

-13.3-9.3

-12.75

Sample- collection

date

08/03/9308/10/9308/17/9308/24/9309/07/93

09/14/9309/21/9309/28/9310/05/9310/12/93

10/19/9310/26/9311/02/9311/09/9311/16/93

11/23/9311/30/9312/07/9312/14/9312/21/93

10/09/9010/16/9010/24/9011/06/9005/14/91

05/21/9106/18/9107/09/9108/13/9108/20/91

08/27/9109/10/9109/24/9110/08/9110/15/91

10/22/9111/12/9111/19/91

59

Table 6. Chemical analyses of throughfall collected from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93- Continued

Sample- Amount of collection throughfall o

date (mm)

05/03/9205/12/9205/19/9205/26/9206/02/92

06/09/9206/23/9206/30/9207/07/9207/14/92

07/21/9207/28/9208/04/9208/18/9208/25/92

09/01/9209/08/9209/15/9209/22/9209/29/92

10/13/9211/03/9211/10/9211/17/9211/24/92

12/01/9212/08/9212/15/9212/21/9212/29/92

01/05/9301/12/9301/19/9301/26/9302/18/93

02/23/9303/02/9303/08/9303/23/93

2.518.812.813.430.3

29.71523.130.3

2.5

25.29118.718.524

5.34327.5

2.833

37.374.3

1.921.343.7

9.44.2

101.315.511.1

13.33.78.6

20.353.7

21.58.2

66.839.7

Specific onductance (US/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Deciduous throughfall73 6.43 n.a.47785722

5487294877

1920254331

7024177122

1966525039

4567133240

20116322569

42595348

5.895.974.64.59

4.033.935.544.264.43

5.194.985.325.394.48

6.535.425.386.75.45

5.585.956.866.265.95

5.644.634.94.44.41

5.523.684.325.074.11

4.224.14.084.15

6.135.933.934.71

4.134.244.964.41n.a.

5.344.924.795.24.45

5.845.365.44n.a.6.14

5.885.88n.a.6.266.1

5.55n.a.5.094.594.58

4.91n.a.4.44.784.18

4.264.184.134.19

Aluminum, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Continued n.a. n.a.

68.610791.227

52.610339.964.7

n.a.

44.241.34795.343.8

14147.934.1

n.a.52.7

46.1224

n.a.79.849.4

72.4n.a.

1137.939.9

25.4n.a.

29.933.493.3

29.9n.a.

40.934.9

43.969.751.214.6

27.161.321.630.8

n.a.

17.315.520.236.815.9

50.218.813.2n.a.

20.6

21.993.2

n.a.44.930.3

28.8n.a.5.84

13.417.4

13.1n.a.9.63

12.937.2

10.6n.a.

12.812.7

n.a.13.86.1340.22

1.711.9

1.99.1n.a.

3.41.31.396.830.39

1411.8

1.22n.a.6

6.836.44n.a.

15.947.4

13.4n.a.6.483.33

50.5

17.9n.a.5.26

12.564.4

37.7n.a.

14.525.2

n.a.15722514373.4

135264

84.8112

n.a.

575167.9

10331.9

11.556.642.7

n.a.76.1

54.1144

n.a.281180

202n.a.

25.646.853.5

38.4n.a.

39.933.845.5

12.7n.a.

17.116.9

n.a.4.11

22.56.783.34

6.7811.32.894.56n.a.

0.561.331.114.230.11

2<.220.33n.a.<.22

2.7817.5n.a.6.783.22

5.34n.a.0.170.871.85

0.59n.a.0.830.883.02

1.82n.a.1.631.92

60

Iron, total, dissolved (neq/L)

n.a.0.11<380.25<38

0.51.61<38<38n.a.

0.390.11<.380.810.86

0.64<38<38n.a.<38

<.380.64n.a.<38<38

<38n.a.<.38<.38<38

<38n.a.<.38<38<.38

<38n.a.<38<.38

Chloride, Nitrite, Nitrate, dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (neq/L) faeq/L)

n.a.22.822.715.55.63

12.458.7

7.0114.7n.a.

7.115.788.66

12.75.58

12.319.65.69n.a.

14.2

19.624.5

n.a.26.250.6

28.5n.a.

12.521.252.7

24.2n.a.

15.722.682.8

44.617421.430.9

n.a. n.a.1.31 51.4

30.7 61.6<.8 67<.8 <45

1.63 <45<.8 1.79<.8 <45<.8 8.76n.a. n.a.

<.8 1.091.41 16.7<.8 34.2<.8 72.5<.8 29.7

<.8 28.6<.8 25.7<.8 14.4n.a. n.a.<.8 11.4

<.8 7.97<.8 15.9n.a. n.a.<.8 0.96<.8 0.87

<.8 31.8n.a. n.a.<.8 14.1<.8 27.7<.8 36.8

<.8 17.9n.a. n.a.<.8 21.2<.8 40.9<.8 122

<.8 82<.8 107<.8 84.7<.8 58.3

Sulfate, dissolved (neq/L)

n.a.Ill12515636.7

57.410488.4

161n.a.

76.982.190.1

166124

99.177.957.9

n.a.62.5

52.6216

n.a.81.779.8

179n.a.

29.785.988.2

55.4n.a.

84.864.1

124

60.233.180.763.2

Silica, ANC dissolved

(neq/L) (jimol/L)

n.a.186193-25.5-11.2

-106-209

6-412

n.a.

16.9-8.07

-15.811.3

^6.6

-11.716.318.2n.a.

33

n.a.237

n.a.278

n.a.

n.a.n.a.

-6.5-34.5-38.8

-18.8n.a.

-49.1-20.2-83.4

-69-86.3-79.8-69.6

n.a.2.54.82.70.8

1.83.434n.a.

<.431<435.81.21

4.526.32.49n.a.2.6

0.322.17n.a.<43

11.2

<43n.a.<.43<43<43

<43n.a.<43<43<43

<43<.43<43<.43

Delta D (per mil)

-14.5-39-13.5-31-27

^0.5-23.5^9.5-18

-7

-30.5-49-35-41.5-51.5

-10.5-25.5-27.5

-7.3-44.1

-16.2-38-68.7-21.3-17.4

-38.2-82.2-76.3-64.3^19.4

-28-108.3

-62-70.6-84.1

-83.3-93-99-61.9

Delta 18O (per mil)

-2.3-6.6-3.65-5.55-5.6

-6.45-4.8-8.15-3.85-2.6

^.85-7.45-5.75-6.55-8.1

-3.35-5.35-5.4-2.49-7.5

^.42-7.74-9.8

-5.11^.23

-6.14-12.44-12.32

-9.48-8.52

-5.25-15.53

-9.57-11.14-12.42

-12.82-13.65-14.01-10.33

Sample- collection

date

05/03/9205/12/9205/19/9205/26/9206/02/92

06/09/9206/23/9206/30/9207/07/9207/14/92

07/21/9207/28/9208/04/9208/18/9208/25/92

09/01/9209/08/9209/15/9209/22/9209/29/92

10/13/9211/03/9211/10/9211/17/9211/24/92

12/01/9212/08/9212/15/9212/21/9212/29/92

01/05/9301/12/9301/19/9301/26/9302/18/93

02/23/9303/02/9303/08/9303/23/93

61

Table 6. Chemical analyses of throughfall collected from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93- Continued

Sample- Amount of collection throughfall <x

date (mm)

03/30/9304/06/9304/13/9304/20/9304/27/93

05/11/9305/18/9305/25/9306/01/9306/08/93

06/15/9306/22/9306/29/9307/06/9307/20/93

08/03/9308/10/9308/17/9308/24/9309/07/93

09/14/9309/21/9309/28/9310/05/9310/12/93

10/19/9310/26/9311/02/9311/09/9311/16/93

11/23/9311/30/9312/07/9312/14/9312/21/93

60.326.329.735.235.7

14.311.76.3

30.820

8.416.72.5

27.35.1

7.728.313.212.358.7

32.23237.2

819.8

5.611.531.611.24.2

7.491.765.310.220.7

Specific mductance (uS/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Deciduous throughfall48 4.03 4.145261428

2958622967

3435899288

6331535222

2523394235

2266922356

4124232848

4.084.374.774.35

65.48455.28

6.115.44.33.744.31

4.644.454.434.094.67

4.553.763.984.515.66

6.456.646.185.97

6.725.234.294.263.92

4.134.444.824.44

5.45.68n.a.4.084.28

n.a.5.76n.a.3.914.4

4.754.634.534.384.78

4.845.124.424.855.52

6.416.56.275.956.9

6.145.54.514.474.2

Aluminum, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

- Continued 20 7.24201914.824.5

67.9117

n.a.46.999.8

n.a.65.9

n.a.83.3

205

17645.493.391.850.9

52.466.456.4

10361.9

44.9205272

39.985.3

45.921.5

8.528.442.4

6.257.825.688.31

20.843

n.a.23.357.3

n.a.33.3

n.a.30.172.6

6117.328.227.413.8

16.32017.633.423

18.188.9

14019.553.3

2915.96.9

1217.6

5.741.917.139.26

10.5

20.45.35n.a.3.833.91

n.a.5.87n.a.8.31

11.3

8.351.678.482.913.07

1.252.72.68.66

13.5

4.0911.821.7

1.929.09

6.3144

3.831.974.13

10.410.610.76.65

19.2

28.769.3

n.a.83.9

251

n.a.161

n.a.53.2

192

1395580.195.941.7

39.748.15387.7

123

78.3264389101251

22757.829.729.733.3

0.870.471.22<.220.56

1.112n.a.3.117.89

n.a.4.34n.a.4.48

16.1

11.32.724.765.542.31

1.882.191.893.112.65

0.312.713.6

1.774.67

3.841.091.071.31.68

62

Iron, total, Chloride, Nitrite, dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) faeq/L) (neq/L)

<.38<38<.38<.38<.38

<.38<38n.a.<.38<.38

n.a.<.38n.a.<38<.38

<38<38<38<.38<.38

<.38<38<.38<.38<38

<38<38<38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<38<38<38

9.64.5

12.813.713.8

3114n.a.7.5

15.5

n.a.13.2n.a.

15.628.7

17.49.62

15.113.33.4

5.57.87.9

16.926.5

11.427.650.59.14

32.6

15.556.3

7.15.85

11.3

<8<8<8<8<8

2.514.5n.a.

17.42.22

n.a.<8n.a.<8

40.8

1.26<8<8<8<8

<8<8<8<8<8

0.7<81<81.22

<8<.8<.8<8<.8

Nitrate, dissolved (neq/L)

50.94835.117.635.5

66.691.6

n.a.1.12

17.5

n.a.0.87n.a.

10488.2

3118.625.6

3.141.35

4.817.3

31.860.230.3

1126.226.3

0.836

<4520.425.422.672.4

Sulfate, dissolved (neq/L)

85.975.84833.753.5

67.3220

n.a.66.1

176

n.a.86.2

n.a.137233

24895.4

17017847.8

97.298.1

12212663.3

51.516113271.1

113

72.645.847.467.688.4

Silica, ANC dissolved Delta D

(|aeq/L) (nmol/L) (per mil)

-85.9-71.4-39.6-14-35.6

23.534.8

n.a.-133

-71.7

n.a.74.7

n.a.-140

-47.6

-12-19-64.5-35.7-23

-6.47.2

-50.4-25.1121

52.3277504

87.1171

1769.9

-29.3-31.6-62.2

<43<.43<43<.43<43

1.422.78n.a.1.64.49

n.a.0.91n.a.<.433

5.31.61.531.78<43

<.432.491.073.561.07

2.4910.34.840.681.74

1.32<43<.43<43<.43

-45.8-58.8-53.9-48-46.6

-22.1-17.8-20.1-36.4-27.4

n.a.-2.9n.a.

-23.5-11.8

-15.8-89.9-33.3-29.4-22.1

-37.7-23.8-25.9-16.6-47.3

-65.6n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Delta 180 (per mil)

-7.58-9.19-8.4-7.53-8.27

-4.06-3.67-4.96-6.29-4.57

n.a.-1.85n.a.

-4.72-2.97

-3.2-12.92-5.92-5.14-4.67

-6.83-5.26-5.92-4.31-8.69

-10.54n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

03/30/9304/06/9304/13/9304/20/9304/27/93

05/11/9305/18/9305/25/9306/01/9306/08/93

06/15/9306/22/9306/29/9307/06/9307/20/93

08/03/9308/10/9308/17/9308/24/9309/07/93

09/14/9309/21/9309/28/9310/05/9310/12/93

10/19/9310/26/9311/02/9311/09/9311/16/93

11/23/9311/30/9312/07/9312/14/9312/21/93

63

Table 7. Chemical analyses of throughfall collected from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93

[mm, millimeters; u,S/cm, microsiemens per centimeter, ueq/L, microequivalents per liter, u,mol/L, micromoles per liter, <, less than; ANC, acid-neutralizing capacity, n.a., not analyzed]

Sample- collection

date

10/05/90

10/16/90

10/24/90

11/06/90

05/14/91

05/21/9106/04/9106/18/9107/09/9108/13/91

08/20/9108/27/9109/10/9109/24/9110/08/91

10/15/9110/22/9111/12/9111/19/9105/03/92

05/12/92

05/19/9205/26/9206/02/9206/09/92

06/23/9206/30/9207/07/9207/14/92

07/21/92

07/28/9208/04/92

Amount of throughfall c

(mm)

3.2

66.7

67.2

81.7

2.2

7.3

2.3

47.8

16.8

8.1

22.5

9.3

29.7

17.2

12.5

6.7

17.5

6.2

1.7

1.9

19.8

18.7

14.1

39.8

41.2

25

18.2

24.8

1.3

45.3

88.7

41.5

Specific :onductance

(uS/cm)

82

45

20

69

54

48

72

43

37

81

65

39

41

52

36

4038502878

3960382333

3025393320

3029

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Calcium, dissolved (ueq/L)

Deciduous throughfall

5.91 6.4 187

5.97

5.72

5.78

4.48

4.3

6.16

4.44

5.02

4.03

3.87

4.13

4.28

4.21

5.98

4.77

5.21

6.02

6.35

6.68

5.8

5.57

4.7

4.49

4.45

4.85

4.71

4.25

6.47

4.64

4.27

4.35

6.24

5.94

5.81

4.97

4.88

6.04

4.57

n.a.

4.22

3.95

n.a.

4.41

4.4

n.a.

n.a.

5.155.73n.a.n.a.

6.365.34.024.654.55

5.054.964.36n.a.4.84

4.44.53

65.4

36.9154126

53.419077.3

n.a.181

65.5n.a.

49.570.6

n.a.

n.a.47.5

102n.a.n.a.

58.888.967.722.332.6

71.950.450.1

n.a.

32

26.629.5

Magnesium, dissolved (ueq/L)

71

94.6

34.481.980.6

36.812334.1

n.a.71.7

27.8n.a.

22.524.8

n.a.

n.a.19.859.1

n.a.n.a.

52.3

64.942.514.334

30.827.223.6

n.a.

14.2

10.914

Sodium, dissolved (ueq/L)

25.4

78.3

17.4

12.3

7.57

10.7

20.3

4.44

n.a.10.4

1.78n.a.8.43.87n.a.

n.a.2.969.8n.a.n.a.

14

5.262.480.480.48

12.92.16.5n.a.2.1

1.61.34

Aluminum, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

206

13464.2

26871.1

107274

80.3n.a.

90.1

38.2n.a.

3744

n.a.

n.a.56.8

145n.a.n.a.

13513093.648.899.9

95.353.946

n.a.22.2

27.416.7

7.342.450.89<.22

3.78

3.898.23

2.56n.a.3.11

2.34n.a.1.891.45n.a.

n.a.0.44

2.56n.a.n.a.

0.78

2.111.890.670.78

1.111.331.67n.a.<.22

2.78<.22

64

Iron, total, dissolved (ueq/L)

<0.38<.38

<.38

<38<.38

<38<.38

<.38

n.a.

0.25

0.4

n.a.

0.9

1

n.a.

n.a.

0.97

0.36

n.a.

n.a.

<.38

<.38

0.18

0.57

0.54

<38

<38<.38

n.a.

0.29

<.38

<.38

Chloride, dissolved (ueq/L)

41.1

107

24.2

80.3

14.1

22

31.1

15.5

n.a.

26.4

36

n.a.

14.5

9.5

n.a.

n.a.

12.1

45.4

n.a.

n.a.

22.3

19.2

12

5.71

7.37

36.9

8.07

11.9

n.a.

5.48

5.77

7.52

Nitrite, dissolved C^eq/L)

<0.8

<.8

<.8

90.8<.8

<.8

21

5.37

n.a.<.8

<.8

n.a.<.8

<.8

n.a.

n.a.<.8

<.8

n.a.

n.a.

1.63

3.55<.8

<.8

<.8

<.8

<.8

<.8

n.a.

1.46

<.8

1.39

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

134<.45

<.45

2.69

78.5

<.45

35.5

52.9

n.a.

168

7.87

n.a.

39.5

51

n.a.

n.a.

41.7

96.8

n.a.

n.a.

33.2

70.5

25.6

2.57

1.4

1.76

0.86

8.14

n.a.

9.44

27.1

29.2

Sulfate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

284

86.3

48.9

119

222

112

230

136

n.a.

262

62.8

n.a.

129

169

n.a.

n.a.

80.8

139

n.a.

n.a.

101

123

107

46.1

49.4

96.5

111

142

n.a.

68.5

78.9

77.9

ANC(Ueq/L)

91

156

65

271<4

<4

<4

<4

n.a.<4

<4

n.a.<4

68

n.a.

n.a.<4

<4

n.a.

n.a.

149

67.9

-44.6

-14.4

73

6.07-11

-55.4

n.a.

-17.8

-45.4

-40.1

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

11

4.3<.43

<.43

5.6

2.9

13.5

3.3

n.a.

5.87

<43

n.a.

1

2

n.a.

n.a.<.43

2

n.a.

n.a.

4.3

5.2

3

1.1

2.2

2.9

3

3

n.a.<.43

<.43

<.43

Delta D (per mil)

-2.5

-9.5

-34

-1.5

-26

-27.5

-21.5

-28.5

-21.5-20

-31.5

-64.5

-30.5-6

-56.5

-49

-94

-54.5-76

-25.5

-37

-13.5

-33.5

-27.5-45

-8.5

-46

-17.5

-29.5-30

-47

-34

Delta 1SO (per mil)

-2.8

-2.35-6.2

-3.25

-3.05

-5.3

-4.5

-5.65-4.5

-4.45

-5.65

-9.75-5.6

-2.75

-8.65

-8.5

-12.6-9.2

-11.25

-3.35

-6.35

-3.55-6.1

-5.6

-7.3

-3.05

-7.35

-3.75

-5.35-5

-7.45-5.7

Sample- collection

date

10/05/90

10/16/90

10/24/90

1 1/06/90

05/14/91

05/21/91

06/04/91

06/18/91

07/09/91

08/13/91

08/20/91

08/27/91

09/10/91

09/24/91

10/08/91

10/15/91

10/22/91

11/12/91

11/19/91

05/03/92

05/12/92

05/19/92

05/26/92

06/02/92

06/09/92

06/23/92

06/30/92

07/07/92

07/14/92

07/21/92

07/28/92

08/04/92

65

Table 7. Chemical analyses of throughfall collected from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

Amount of Specificthroughfall conductance

(mm) (uS/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Deciduous throughfall08/18/9208/25/9209/01/9209/08/9209/15/92

09/22/9209/29/9210/13/9211/03/92

11/10/92

11/17/9211/24/9212/01/9212/08/9212/15/92

12/21/92

12/29/9201/05/9301/12/9301/19/93

01/26/9302/18/9302/23/9303/02/9303/08/93

03/23/9303/30/93

04/06/9304/13/9304/20/93

04/27/9305/11/9305/18/9305/25/93

17.5

1

3.332.835.7

1.124.336.8512.3

15.553.210.56.8

73.2

14.8

8.615.73.1

12

15.331.815.25.2

25.2

22.818.317.223.239

361565.2

50

n.a.792017

46182046

33

2127504411

3239205341

3745415238

4042442115

2429

13149

4.2n.a.6.295.255.02

7.195.335.445.72

6.12

6.124.514.064.224.81

4.2

4.235.14.014.17

3.94.163.954.684.14

4.174.13

3.934.464.68

4.46.096.674.48

4.35n.a.5.165.215.39

n.a.5.275.675.84

n.a.

5.954.544.264.594.87

4.38

4.344.98n.a.4.22

4.34.214.244.094.2

4.244.214.164.54.81

4.755.85n.a.n.a.

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Sodium, dissolved (ueq/L)

Aluminum, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Continued69.1

n.a.n.a.

40.227.6

n.a.30.636.281.3

n.a.

28.920.535.756.94.99

19.532.428.9

n.a.32.9

28.942.918n.a.

21

2313.511.518.515.8

22.547.4

n.a.n.a.

32n.a.n.a.

23.916.8

n.a.15.42073.2

n.a.

27.317.519.824.7

3.87

7.9

13.518.2n.a.

14.4

11.3174.85n.a.7.41

9.465.023.956.586.83

8.6425.9

n.a.n.a.

2.39

n.a.n.a.

10.71.22

n.a.6.26

11.39.83n.a.

12.342.6

8.8743.22

2.54

16.923.3

n.a.7.74

615.14.26n.a.2.81

7.264.781.447.319.4

6.2618.8n.a.n.a.

53

n.a.n.a.

40.936.3

n.a.50.261.7

179

n.a.

83.92227.438.4

6.65

15.1

16.115.1n.a.

26.9

12.510.63.81n.a.8.44

10.68.49

6.888.185.88

1251.2

n.a.n.a.

2.56n.a.n.a.<.22<.22

n.a.0.673.221.22n.a.

0.291.082.051.210.17

0.171.710.36n.a.0.63

<.22

0.911.05n.a.0.57

0.57<.22

<.22<.22<.22

0.440.6n.a.n.a.

66

Iron, total, dissolved

' (ueq/L)

1.18

n.a.n.a.0.970.38

n.a.<.38

0.22<.38

n.a.

<.38

5.12<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<.38

n.a.<.38

<.38<.38<.38

n.a.<.38

<.38<.38<.38

<38<.38

<.38<.38

n.a.n.a.

Chloride, Nitrite, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

10.8 <.8

n.a. n.a.n.a. n.a.

19 <.84.9 <.8

n.a. n.a.14.9 <.826.1 <.839.6 0.32

n.a. n.a.

21.8 <.856.3 <.8

10.8 <.814.6 <.818.4 <.8

11.4 <.827.8 <.839 <.8

n.a. n.a.20.5 <.8

17.6 <.820.7 <.8

8.78 <.817 <.86.66 <.8

12.2 <.89.24 <.84.21 <.8

10.3 <.8

12.6 <.8

10.4 <.826.1 10.9

n.a. n.a.n.a. n.a.

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

67

n.a.n.a.

27.215.7

n.a.13.312.138.9

n.a.

7.0531.37599.913.6

34.649.718.6n.a.

36.7

52.967.754.8

12463.6

49.642.945.9

30.216.4

31.932

n.a.n.a.

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

157

n.a.n.a.

72.465

n.a.53.257.4

158n.a.

53.653.588.665.617.9

2866.855.3

n.a.

105

57.8

85.744.640.163.2

52.569.770.644

36.2

48.360.9

n.a.n.a.

ANC(ueq/L)

-57.5

n.a.-2.952.83.9

n.a.25.550.290.6

n.a.

50-26.3-50.1-36.6-19.7

-54.7-59.1-13.1

n.a.

-70.5

-60.5

-78.1-75.2

-107

-74.5

-65.6-69.2-74.5-36.6

-15.5

-15.764.8

n.a.n.a.

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

4.02n.a.n.a.3.771.2

n.a.2.62.463.03n.a.

<.43<.43

<.43<.43<.43

<.43<.43<.43

n.a.<.43

<.43

<.43<.43<.43<.43

<.43<.43<.43<.43

<.43

<.43

1n.a.n.a.

Delta D (per mil)

-33.5

-28.5-15

-23.5-22.5

n.a.^3.6-14.1-33.7-62.2

-19.9-15.6-39.4-74.3-69.3

-57.4-46.8-26.6

-110.3-61.6

-67.6-81.9-88

-87.8-95.9

-59.3 47

-57.6-49.9-W.I

-59.3-24.3-17.9-23.3

Delta 1SO (per mil)

-5.6

-4.95

-3.75-5.05-4.5

n.a.-7.35-J.04-7.05-8.62

4.93

-3.94-6.5

-11.2-11.26

-8.27-8.49-5.05

-15.08

-9.42

-10.39

-12.57-13.22-13.37-13.75

-10.04-7.9-9.2

-7.43-6.7

-9.54-J.35-3.38-5.4

Sample- collection

date

08/18/9208/25/9209/01/9209/08/9209/15/92

09/22/9209/29/9210/13/9211/03/9211/10/92

11/17/9211/24/9212/01/9212/08/9212/15/92

12/21/9212/29/9201/05/9301/12/9301/19/93

01/26/93

02/18/9302/23/9303/02/9303/08/93

03/23/9303/30/9304/06/9304/13/93

04/20/93

04/27/9305/11/9305/18/9305/25/93

67

Table 7. Chemical analyses of throughfall collected from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

06/01/9306/08/9306/15/9306/22/9306/29/93

07/06/9307/13/9307/21/9308/03/9308/10/93

08/17/9308/24/9309/07/9309/14/9309/21/93

09/28/9310/05/9310/12/9310/26/9311/02/93

11/09/9311/16/9311/23/9311/30/9312/07/93

12/14/9312/21/93

Amount of throughfall

(mm)

14.1

13.5

3.6

22.8

4.1

28.3

3.9

16.97.2

20.8

9.43.7

62.78.3

24.2

22.73.5

17.7

17.715.5

5.94.79.4

7957.3

921.8

Specific conductance

(uS/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Deciduous throughfall37 4.74 4.6161474961

1003935

107

41

5778215031

42552844

58

1832201930

3234

4.19

4.464.084.37

3.674.674.373.68

4.18

4.13.795.034.054.74

4.065.735.41

6.165.8

5.85.664.784.744.09

4.034.17

4.51n.a.4.234.51

3.8n.a.4.453.844.27

4.474.115.174.35.13

4.465.735.72

6.256.17

5.755.434.764.734.23

4.364.25

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Continued72.9 35.876.4

n.a.52.9

135

41.4n.a.

62.912545.4

88.812664.471.976.9

51.9n.a.

50.4

107

109

40.474.437.41314.5

38.426.5

41.2n.a.

2845.7

17.7n.a.

25.24922.2

26372528.342.5

23.9n.a.

22.6

90.5160

3042.720.811.67.65

14.39.2

Sodium, dissolved (ueq/L)

6.22

3.26

n.a.5.266.31

8.18n.a.2.956

1.45

3.752.673.31.934.78

3.8n.a.

11.1

6.0517.8

2.887.225.44

32.74.48

2.822.47

Aluminum, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

89.5142

n.a.40.252.4

29.4n.a.

3357

35.8

43.869.13240.958.3

64n.a.

73.4

127

253

48.171.621.7

9.758.4

10.19.29

23n.a.1.884.27

2.08n.a.2.116.51.06

2.83.761.43.51.8

1.5n.a.0.8

1.911.99

0.581.751.08<.22

0.61

1.60.91

68

Iron, total, dissolved (neq/L)

<38

<38

n.a.<38<38

<38n.a.<38

3.9<38

<38<38<38<38<38

<38<38<38<38<38

<38<38<38<38<38

<38<38

Chloride, dissolved (neq/L)

12.7

12.1

n.a.10.9153

14.6n.a.9.21

13.98.83

8.9211.83.447.94

12.2

10.922.322.725.351.7

9.0224.311.642.8

8.77

9.316.27

Nitrite, dissolved (neq/L)

2.8

n.a.<8<.8

<.8

n.a.<.8

1.22<.8

<.8

0.92<.8<.8

<8

<.8<.8<.8<.8<.8

1.14<8<8<.8<.8

<.8<.8

Nitrate, dissolved (jieq/L)

68.682.2

n.a.5299.5

88.9n.a.

5811450.9

45.658.9

1.4154.133

43.812438.716.642.9

18.887.924.319.436.3

31.240.1

Sulfate, dissolved (jieq/L)

92.3

157

n.a.125165

110n.a.

104260114

11312047.8

144119

13417759.1

140121

56.571.355.129.246.5

66.844.7

ANC(neq/L)

-23.4

-29.5n.a.

-66.4-34.1

-176

n.a.-36

-161

-57.6

-93.6-169

-23

-58.83.5

-27.421.7

104127332

28.65.2

-15.8-16.3-52.6

-45.2-53

Silica, dissolved (Hmol/L)

2.6

3.2

n.a.<431

1.4n.a.<.43

2.910.2

2.352.14<.43

1.643.56

1.11<431.075.845.41

0.751.07<.43<.43<.43

<43<43

Delta D (per mil)

-33.3-25.2

n.a.-5.1

n.a.

-21.4n.a.

-15.2-16.1-80.1

-41.6-30.8-21.4-29.6-24.2

-22.1-16.4-45.8-48

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

Delta 18O (per mil)

-5.96-4.24n.a.

-2.71n.a.

-4.31n.a.

-3.47-3.47

-11.64

-6.72-5.44-4.31-5.72-5.08

-5.3

-3.68-8.35-7.76n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

06/01/93

06/08/9306/15/9306/22/9306/29/93

07/06/9307/13/9307/21/9308/03/9308/10/93

08/17/9308/24/9309/07/9309/14/9309/21/93

09/28/9310/05/9310/12/9310/26/9311/02/93

11/09/9311/16/9311/23/9311/30/9312/07/93

12/14/9312/21/93

69

Table 8. Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93

[uS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter, ueq/L, microequivalents per liter, umol/L, micromoles per liter, <, less than; ANC, acid-neutralizing capacity, n.a., not analyzed]

Sample- collection cc

date

Specificmductance (US/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Aluminum, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Lysimeter pit 1 upper10/24/9004/22/9105/07/9105/14/9105/21/91

06/18/9107/09/9108/13/9108/20/9108/27/91

09/10/9109/24/9110/08/9110/22/9111/26/91

12/10/9112/30/91

02/18/9203/10/9203/31/92

04/23/9205/19/9206/02/9206/30/9207/14/92

07/28/9208/18/9209/08/9209/29/9211/03/92

444993

n.a.122

4699303739

4049636646

4042

50

5044

3845392739

3645384140

4.494.324.194.623.92

4.573.815.055.155.58

4.834.424.244.24.44

4.374.38

4.374.324.39

4.384.274.354.684.32

4.354.144.264.254.36

4.584.53n.a.n.a.4.07

4.28n.a.5.185.15.45

54.524.494.494.6

4.584.77

4.524.41

4.42

4.484.384.444.874.46

4.48

4.594.564.54.53

80.383.8

n.a.n.a.

234

100n.a.

72.962.973.2

101124181161128

10996.5

117

115102

76.296.187.236.735.4

77.575.97590.989.1

50.466.6

n.a.n.a.

127

52.1n.a.

30.929.538.3

50.653.872.667.166

60.658.6

68.8

65.158.5

40.446.641.557.949.4

32.332.432.635.538.2

30.220.4

n.a.n.a.

20.4

10.8n.a.4.133.225.55

6.13.615.653.965.31

5.875.61

11.311.713.4

1312.611.59.25

6.14.574.785.796.74

53.740.9

n.a.n.a.

98.5

327n.a.

9282.990

75.258.352.438.243.3

28.221.7

2217.816.4

19.918.715.649.629.3

28.318.319.119.517.5

63.274

n.a.n.a.

180

73.7n.a.

11.38.99.58

28.21549.927.757.2

66.668.6

79.6

65.764.5

5.455.861.855.851.9

52.143.933.740.267.3

70

Iron, total, Chloride, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

2.15<0.38

n.a.n.a.

<0.38

7.52n.a.4.261.52.56

2.941.152.332.721.36

1.971.321.931.36

0.5

1.041.222.116.237.63

1.86

2.263.651.291.72

77.534

n.a.n.a.

37.7

21.5n.a.9.838.197.5

14.97.32

17.219.234

2017.44037.2

24.7

16.815.2149.98

11.6

8.16

9.729.57

9.7517.3

Nitrate, dissolved (|ieq/U

53.9102

n.a.n.a.

532

<0.45n.a.4.15

30.641.6

55.198.8

17117056.1

17.725.961.644.9

8.63

46.482.529.1<0.4518.4

19.5

37.332.139.166.7

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

121144

n.a.n.a.

130

116n.a.

114146134

154164171152175

193188177190

257

122119141106149

120

112112104114

ANC (ueq/L)

<4<4

n.a.n.a.

<4

<4

n.a.19<4

17

<4<4<4<4<4

<4<4<4

4

-56.4

-40

-51.7-46.1

-2

-44.5

-39

-30.1-32.5-15.4-38.8

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

15.313.2n.a.n.a.

11.2

105n.a.6.595.8

<0.43

7.1612.5191333.3

38.2292227

21

814.217.22016

15

16.81216.59.97

Delta D (per mil)

-12.5-41.5

n.a.n.a.

-34.5

-29

n.a.-18.5-36

-43.5

-30

-15.5-42

-67.5-31.5

-44-64

-62.5-69

-50.5

-33

-30.5-24

-40.5-30.5

-32

-40.5-49

-33.3-24.6

Delta 180 (per mil)

-3.9-7.5

n.a.n.a.

-6.05

-5.8

n.a.-4.15-6.45-7.5

-6.1-4.4-7.4

-9.95-5.95

-7.45-9.45-9.7

-10.65

-8.25

-6

-5.45-4.55-7.05-5.5

-5.3

-6.7-7.6

-6.15-5.69

Sample- collection

date

10/24/9004/22/9105/07/9105/14/9105/21/91

06/18/9107/09/9108/13/9108/20/9108/27/91

09/10/9109/24/9110/08/9110/22/9111/26/91

12/10/9112/30/9102/18/9203/10/92

03/31/92

04/23/9205/19/9206/02/9206/30/9207/14/92

07/28/92

08/18/9209/08/9209/29/9211/03/92

71

Table 8. Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection CO

date i

Specific nductance (uS/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Calcium, dissolved (ueq/L)

Aluminum, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, total,

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Lysimeter pit 1 upper Continued11/17/9211/24/9212/15/9212/29/9201/12/93

02/09/9303/08/9303/29/9304/20/9305/11/93

06/01/9307/06/9308/24/9309/21/9310/19/93

11/16/9311/30/9312/07/9312/21/93

04/22/9109/10/91

10/16/9010/24/9002/21/9102/26/9103/19/91

03/26/9104/02/9104/16/9105/07/9105/21/91

4043474648

4948

303645

45

53353266

57393144

4239

6560541334

3943547378

4.384.34.294.244.25

4.314.484.494.44.25

4.34.25.353.593.81

4.164.424.44

4.14

4.855.12

3.974.034.125.124.47

4.434.424.274.154.06

4.574.524.454.38n.a.

4.414.494.554.474.44

4.494.335.684.844.17

4.284.534.6

4.38

5.275.41

4.184.134.32n.a.n.a.

n.a.4.934.424.264.15

97.398.391.381.8

n.a.

93.392.849.963.476.9

88.811112482.3

107

93.882.361.4

n.a.

Lysimeter12759.6

Lysimeter61.451.958.4

n.a.n.a.

n.a.52.960.979.397.8

41.743.842.237.5

n.a.

41.942.522.227.727

34.148.558.333.542.6

39.934.324.8

n.a.

pit 1 lower74.851.3

pit 2 upper46.942.246.1

n.a.n.a.

n.a.3540.552.553.9

7.968.668.74

12.8n.a.

16.121.513.813.812.4

9.0910.35.184.788.87

8.1314.711.6n.a.

29.810.9

34.632.326.2

n.a.n.a.

n.a.13.815.619.120.4

23.517.913.514.1n.a.

25.615.99.26

13.615.9

3341.2

79.849.126.1

24.613.611.8

n.a.

42.7137

85.475.474.7

n.a.n.a.

n.a.99.5

126148171

59.659.763.266.3

n.a.

66.873.645.547.445.8

44.449.629.529.862.2

52.652.838.6

n.a.

41.441.1

59.965.661.8

n.a.n.a.

n.a.78.773.375.586.3

72

Iron, total, Chloride, dissolved dissolved Cueq/L) (ueq/L)

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

n.a.

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38

7.092.76

<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38

n.a.

<0.382.2

5.667.166.09n.a.n.a.

n.a.11.810.410.4

8.59

25.732.428.617.7n.a.

27.747.613.616.614.7

14.715.49.849.5

16.4

1943.513.97.58

54.521.9

95.87850.7

n.a.n.a.

n.a.13.822.343.2

35.5

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

38.525.552.441.4

n.a.

53.666.236.367.888.2

96.581.627.442

115

64.21210.156

16.717.7

10.69.38

17.8n.a.n.a.

n.a.17.233.862.2

58.5

Sulfate, dissolved Cueq/L)

136126145165

n.a.

16713686.281.684.1

94.116914588.7

156

154130118122

217162

144143156

n.a.n.a.

n.a.121145188

168

ANC (ueq/L)

-32.8-36.9-47.1-55.2

n.a.

-44.9-35.6-28.3-35.7-35.5

-28.9-49.961-3.3

-53.8

-47.3-26.4-24.9-29.8

178

<4<4<4

n.a.n.a.

n.a.<4<4<4

<4

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

12.431.11310.6n.a.

8.94.632.855.34

10.6

8.6510.35.349.26

24.9

28.512.513.9n.a.

50.86

28.10.4320.5

n.a.n.a.

n.a.11.719.919.9

12

Delta D (per mil)

-22.5-23.8-25.4-55.6-56

-59.4-80.6-86.5-49.6-45.8

-31.5-20.9-73.7-26.3-29.7

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

-30

n.a.

-12.5-15

-38.5n.a.n.a.

n.a.-47.5-39

-34.5

-36.5

Delta 18O (per mil)

-5.8

-5.57-5.47-9.15-9.07

-8.66-12.18-12.53

-7.52-7.65

-5.75-4.3

-10.77-5.22-6.2

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

-5.95n.a.

-3.45-4-7

n.a.n.a.

n.a.-7.55-6.65-6.25

-6.45

Sample- collection

date

11/17/9211/24/9212/15/9212/29/9201/12/93

02/09/9303/08/9303/29/9304/20/9305/11/93

06/01/9307/06/9308/24/9309/21/9310/19/93

11/16/9311/30/9312/07/9312/21/93

04/22/9109/10/91

10/16/9010/24/9002/21/9102/26/9103/19/91

03/26/9104/02/9104/16/9105/07/91

05/21/91

73

Table 8. Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93~Continued

Sample- collection cc

date

Specific mductance (nS/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (Meq/L) (neq/L)

Aluminum, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved (jieq/L) (neq/L) (ueq/L)

Lysimeter pit 2 upper Continued06/18/9106/25/9107/09/9108/13/9108/20/91

08/27/9109/10/9109/24/9110/08/9111/26/91

12/10/9112/30/9102/18/9203/10/9203/31/92

04/23/9205/19/9206/02/9206/30/9207/14/92

07/28/9208/18/9209/08/9209/29/9211/03/92

11/17/9211/24/9212/15/9212/29/9201/12/93

02/09/9303/08/9303/29/9304/20/9305/11/93

6515017616358

4859424580

5660756251

6858824451

4967566374

6476575868

6880454353

4.483.633.793.644.37

4.975.554.884.644.21

4.144.053.984.054.11

3.9243.824.374.2

4.183.974.043.993.88

3.913.874.093.963.93

3.953.954.14.164.04

4.67n.a.n.a.3.824.8

5.155.784.874.774.3

4.284.244.14.214.29

4.014.294.024.344.33

4.314.144.194.034.04

4.114.014.274.16n.a.

4.0244.214.234.19

100n.a.n.a.

17760.1

65.610866.388

166

13688.7

10089.459.8

76.37082.868.264.9

65.365.362.772.769.9

62.980.863.452.9

n.a.

56.476.934.436.948.9

46.2n.a.n.a.

11342.5

47.9744754.5

109

83.158.268.961.740.7

45.14144.741.941.1

37.639.538.542.643

37.450.839.231.4

n.a.

36.647.923.824.927.3

7.74n.a.n.a.

10.95.92

619.310.113.123.4

22.714.515.71814

15.716.222.7

3.716.4

147.058.87

11.610.4

10.115.112.611.9n.a.

13.916.412.114.115.1

90n.a.n.a.

403185

22219411288.9

155

77.449.34449.439.7

44.235.93813.774.1

54.671.15851.339.2

55.261.643.725.8

n.a.

27.430.421.526.636.8

37.1n.a.n.a.

41.911.3

14.723.210.336.478.5

76.563.568.865.368.7

6057.677.950.157

63.329.432.450.460.6

66.478.455.364.2

n.a.

63.464.854.959.263.9

74

Iron, total, Chloride, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

<0.38n.a.n.a.9.242.6

6.454.691.223.728.27

6.236.66.26.26.16

8.247.318.16

135.34

7.163.065.757.26.55

<0.38<0.38

3.945.73n.a.

4.665.01

6.88.167.91

12.8n.a.n.a.

45.814.2

20.938.713.217.766.2

51.727.545.335.123.3

26.716155.97

12.5

10.6

10.519.218.432.2

27.965.728.217.4n.a.

28.843.4

20.120.920.9

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

130n.a.n.a.<.45

9.02

0.997.19

20.19.659.14

1.111.45

18.89.356.69

14.820.6

8.095.773.15

9.0576.131.732.613.3

35.60.970.999.1n.a.

19.526.2

8.7511.97.55

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

100n.a.n.a.

273195

164265192168301

247179265183

132

164140215108166

146

156150148174

156179144111

n.a.

152177

84.178.1

102

ANC (ueq/L)

<4

n.a.n.a.

<4<4

<4<4<4<4<4

<4<4<4<4

-78.2

-124

-99.8-165

-56.6-66.9

-61.6

-88.5-79.2-77.9

-124

-101-121

-71.6-93.7

n.a.

-118-131

-71.5-73.4-77.9

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

7.19n.a.n.a.

23.515.5

17.21010.91963.2

58.436.4302918

2025.5341934

39

22.124.441.731.7

30.237.824.921.4

n.a.

2132.4

108.54

14.5

Delta D (per mil)

-29

-31.5n.a.

-19.5-35.5

-38.5-22

-15-42-46

-47

-63.5-67-58

-55.5

-41-31-22-34

-24.5

-38

-36.5-36.5-33.2-23.8

-23.7-21 A-45-57

-48

-63.5-72.2-81.6-58

-44.2

Delta 180 (per mil)

-5.7

-5.55n.a.

-3.85-6.5

-6.8-4.9

-4.25-7.25-7.35

-7.7-9.5

-10.5-9.15-9.15

-6.8-5.2-4.3

-6.25-4.95

-6.5

-6

-6.45-6.05-5.58

-5.55-5.3

-8.08-9.05

-8.13

-9.66-10.64-12

-8.96-7.31

Sample- collection

date

06/18/9106/25/9107/09/9108/13/9108/20/91

08/27/9109/10/91

09/24/9110/08/9111/26/91

12/10/9112/30/9102/18/9203/10/9203/31/92

04/23/9205/19/9206/02/9206/30/9207/14/92

07/28/9208/18/9209/08/9209/29/9211/03/92

11/17/9211/24/9212/15/9212/29/92

01/12/93

02/09/9303/08/9303/29/9304/20/9305/11/93

75

Table 8. Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection CO

date i

06/01/9307/06/9308/24/9309/21/9310/19/93

11/16/9311/30/9312/07/9312/21/93

08/13/9108/27/9109/10/9109/24/9110/08/91

11/26/9112/10/9112/30/9103/10/9203/31/92

04/23/9206/02/9206/30/9207/28/9209/08/92

11/03/9211/24/92

12/15/9212/29/92

Specific nductance (uS/cm)

8879544488

95695154

4040394155

5042504644

4048284045

4943

4242

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Calcium, dissolved (ueq/L)

Aluminum, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, total,

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Lysimeter pit 2 upper Continued4.14 4.04 126 72.44.334.983.683.93

3.984.064.063.94

5.165.665.125.044.84

4.414.514.44.484.56

4.534.314.684.464.27

4.424.46

4.524.47

4.495.134.924.13

4.134.284.244.17

5.36n.a.5.414.92n.a.

4.714.6n.a.4.634.71

4.714.73n.a.4.584.94

4.624.55n.a.n.a.

11710296.3

134

16086.357.961.4

Lysimeter57.1

n.a.59.657.7

n.a.

82.687.2

n.a.81.375

60.5n.a.n.a.

6164.8

86.569.4

n.a.n.a.

78.26548.471.4

91.352.935.138.7

pit 2 lower33.9

n.a.51.349.2

n.a.

69.576.2

n.a.6963.9

54.6n.a.n.a.

47.645.2

63.955

n.a.n.a.

13.317.210.47.92

14.9

23.323.916.415.7

6.79n.a.

10.98.98n.a.

17.121.8

n.a.19.119.2

16.4n.a.n.a.

17.19.96

21.118.8n.a.n.a.

217269251190146

96.277.359.145.3

169n.a.

137119

n.a.

86.570.8

n.a.57.948.7

50.3n.a.n.a.

60.662.5

36.647.8

n.a.n.a.

59.776.743.143.676.1

89.666.969.666.1

26.1n.a.

41.122.9

n.a.

80.573.8

n.a.87.588.1

80.8n.a.n.a.

75.368.6

99.890.1

n.a.n.a.

76

Iron, total, Chloride, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

3.19

16.3

8.85

5.69

3.65

4.83

5.19

6.16

5.59

2.22

n.a.

2.2

1

n.a.

1.75

0.47

n.a.

0.79

<0.38

1.36

n.a.

n.a.

0.47

1.72

1.18

<0.38

n.a.

n.a.

37.6

51.9

24.6

13.8

18.9

50.5

41.2

16.5

11

13.9

n.a.

21.9

12.1

n.a.

39.4

47.6

n.a.

36.4

31.6

31.3

14.2

n.a.

15.4

12.2

32.8

32.1

n.a.

n.a.

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

<0.45

3.56

0.76

<0.45

81.3

12.4

5.41

<0.45

7.42

<0.45

n.a.

17.7

23.2

n.a.

25.3

9.37

n.a.

11.9

5.14

1.88

16.2

n.a.

5.94

4.98

9.43

1.22

n.a.

n.a.

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

201

151

194

124

227

284

126

122

126

140

n.a.

162

178

n.a.

207

250

n.a.

237

246

166

89.1

n.a.

187

147

240

208

n.a.

n.a.

ANC (ueq/L)

-155

-31.1

48.2

24.9

-94.4

-92.3

-58.7

-66.6

-66.5

23

n.a.

8<4

n.a.

<4

<4

n.a.<4

-21.2

-18.6

-21.5

n.a.

-29.5

7.1

-27.4

-29.4

n.a.

n.a.

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

10.2

19.9

12.8

13.5

38.5

54.1

26.7

15

22.4

11

n.a.

6.34

14.1

n.a.

35.1

40

n.a.

31

29

28

n.a.

n.a.

33

25.4

40.9

49.1

n.a.

n.a.

Delta D (per mil)

-32.1

-21.6

-64.4

-25.7

-28.9

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

-18

-35.5-30

-16.5-27

-25

-32

-37

-54.5

-56.5

-51

-47.5

-42.5-38

-45.5

-30.8

-24.9

-25.1

-25.5

Delta 180 (per mil)

-5.92

-4.23

-9.46

-4.84

-5.88

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

-4.2

-6.65-6.1

-4.35

-5.75

-5.25

-5.95-6.5

-8.7

-9

-8.35

-7.65

-7.35

-6.15-7.3

-5.56

-5.04

-4.95

-5.23

Sample- collection

date

06/01/93

07/06/93

08/24/93

09/21/93

10/19/93

11/16/93

1 1/30/93

12/07/93

12/21/93

08/13/91

08/27/91

09/10/91

09/24/91

10/08/91

11/26/91

12/10/91

12/30/91

03/10/92

03/31/92

04/23/92

06/02/92

06/30/92

07/28/92

09/08/92

1 1/03/92

11/24/92

12/15/92

12/29/92

77

Table 8. Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- Specific collection conductance

date___(uS/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Aluminum,Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Lysimeter pit 2 lower Continued03/29/9304/20/9305/18/9306/01/9308/24/93

09/21/9310/19/9311/30/9312/07/93

4138367550

38905143

4.654.64.464.395.81

3.874.294.354.09

4.674.68n.a.4.545.99

5.234.554.44.52

64.456.4

n.a.n.a.

132

81.3n.a.

77.869.4

51.648.1

n.a.n.a.

79.8

43.8n.a.

50.945.7

13.413.3n.a.n.a.

11.1

8.39n.a.

23.821.4

3438.4

n.a.n.a.

211

131n.a.

54.546.8

8671.9

n.a.n.a.

73.1

56.9n.a.

84.176.6

78

Iron, total, Chloride,dissolved dissolved(ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Nitrate, Sulfate,dissolved dissolved(ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Silica,ANC dissolved Delta D

(ueq/L) (umol/L) (per mil)

Sample- Delta 18O collection (per mil) date

<0.38<0.38

n.a.n.a.

10.4

2.04n.a.

<0.38<0.38

25.521.7

n.a.38.529.5

14.41152.836.6

8.8411.3n.a.

33.70.96

2.41200

21.3<0.45

211196

n.a.188155

132141184208

-14

-15.5n.a.

-37.6120

34.2-40.6-34.9-29.1

22.424.2

n.a.<0.4314.2

12.1n.a.

25.327.1

-69.5-70.7-67.8^6.7-51.4

-22.9-23.7

n.a.n.a.

-10.68-10.44-10.4

-8.02-8.03

^.55-5.12n.a.n.a.

03/29/9304/20/9305/18/9306/01/9308/24/93

09/21/9310/19/9311/30/9312/07/93

79

Table 9. Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93

[uS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter, ueq/L, microequivalents per liter, umol/L, micromoles per liter, <, less than; ANC, acid-neutralizing capacity, n.a., not analyzed]

Sample- collection c

date

Specific onductance (uS/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Aluminum, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Lysimeter pit 1 upper04/25/9105/07/9105/21/9106/18/9107/09/91

08/13/9108/20/9108/27/9109/10/9109/24/91

10/08/9110/22/9111/26/9112/10/9112/30/91

02/18/9203/10/9203/31/9204/23/9205/19/92

06/02/9206/30/9207/14/9207/28/9208/18/92

09/08/9209/29/9211/03/9211/17/9211/24/92

4352455358

8458456153

5466565776

77

69575645

3943413938

3838514746

4.434.594.824.534.97

4.264.254.234.314.31

4.284.234.814.174.21

4.254.174.294.24.38

4.314.254.344.224.33

4.314.244.144.174.13

4.635.395.14.51n.a.

4.544.354.484.354.44

4.514.454.934.34.39

4.494.274.684.294.55

4.454.34.464.354.51

4.354.244.31n.a.4.27

32.437.953.452.9

n.a.

97.865.951.977.767.8

77.583.5889394.9

11156.545.742.548.8

26.273.589.329.936.1

34.6

3536.2

n.a.21

30.951.956.654.8

n.a.

10571.756.884.368.5

88.4107111138143

14811388.468.768.3

5132.638.445.850.3

41.846.563.2

n.a.42.5

34.815.21511.5n.a.

1248

7.9616.210.3

15.718.117.821.426.3

33.923.819.117.414.2

9.667.4

6.56.84.83

10.35.749.35n.a.

13.6

103228179143

n.a.

15519.481.1

11485.4

83.887.4

194115117

12912199.688.473.9

45.145.424.735.134.5

40.824.424.2

n.a.31.7

39.765.939.930.7

n.a.

21.515.82246.315.3

52.633.165.397.798.4

93.389.492.162.444.4

5648.859.351.139.1

36.551.391.4

n.a.76.9

80

Iron, total, Chloride, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

3.9410.4

5.014.66n.a.

4.874.36.59

5.83.51

6.027.31

11.614.29.7

8.138.779.247.24.76

7.23133.336.05

12.8

9.1310.99.08n.a.6.09

56.927.119.224.8

n.a.

24.218.816.634.817.1

254667.958.542.3

63.645.424.428.621

9.1711.711.310.413

21.511.434.4

n.a.31.4

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

7.887.09

3165.1

n.a.

17860.92546.241

19.519.9<.45

0.972.66

29.18.36

34.55.78

23.9

3.0518.919.87.31

17.3

7.9711.99.81n.a.<.45

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

154157196185

n.a.

283220167235194

199260

222274448

351148184230182

14714576.9

130139

127119170

n.a.130

ANC(ueq/L)

<4

40<4<4

n.a.

<4<4<4<4

<4

<4<4

<4

14<4

<4<4

-29

-60.5-38.2

-49.7-64

-46.5-60.6-40.2

-57.8-39.6-68.1

n.a.-67.2

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

15.410.17.519n.a.

6.377.9

11.21511.8

24263344.442.9

38.142293215.7

21.313201816.9

20.829.129.9

n.a.25.2

Delta D (per mil)

-23.5-31

-28.5-29

n.a.

-15.5-31

-55.5-31-11

-36

-98.5-33

-49.5-60

-65

-43.5-60

-28.5-27

-26-38-20-41-35

-27

-29.5-23.5-23.1-18.6

Delta 180 (per mil)

-5.35-5.75-5.35-5.6

n.a.

-3.95-5.3-8.6

-5.75-3.45

-6.95-13

-6.05-7.85-9.05

-10.3-7.3

-9.55-5-4.4

-4.9

-6.45-4.2-6.8-5.8

-5.4

-5.55-5.24-5.32-4.27

Sample- collection

date

04/25/9105/07/9105/21/9106/18/9107/09/91

08/13/9108/20/9108/27/9109/10/9109/24/91

10/08/9110/22/9111/26/9112/10/9112/30/91

02/18/9203/10/92

03/31/9204/23/9205/19/92

06/02/9206/30/9207/14/9207/28/9208/18/92

09/08/9209/29/9211/03/9211/17/9211/24/92

81

Table 9. Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93-Continued

Sample- collection (

date

Specificconductance

(uS/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Aluminum, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Lysimeter pit 1 upper Continued12/15/9212/29/9201/12/9302/09/9303/08/93

03/29/9304/20/9305/11/9306/08/9307/06/93

08/24/9309/21/9310/19/9311/16/931 1/30/9312/07/93

08/13/9109/10/9109/24/9111/26/9103/10/92

04/23/9207/28/9207/06/9308/24/9310/19/93

11/30/9312/07/93

4940394063

2732307888

1375191988974

867654

n.a.74

709087

13464

19105

4.284.264.284.294.23

4.384.44.384.54.02

3.624.273.843.9644.02

4.164.434.474.11

4.31

4.324.994.513.544.59

5.466.43

4.37n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

4.444.474.434.554.14

3.864.384.124.064.144.22

n.a.4.674.63n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.4.8

n.a.6.03

36.4n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

1118.514.531.461.9

11355.499.899.854.441.4

Lysimeter pit 1n.a.

118

75.3n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

76.8

n.a.84.8

75.7n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

2228.918.329.689.7

12359.2

10313381.566.2

lowern.a.

11372.6

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

64

n.a.80.6

14.5n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

8.447.136.44

97.949.2

51.8192829.343.525.7

n.a.27.113.7n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

32.7

n.a.51.8

48.3n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

30.747.837.4

146122

16910311895.798.564.2

n.a.161106

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

211

n.a.420

86n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

45.159.9464268.2

11142.968.8

113103126

n.a.68.720.1

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

57.2

n.a.101

82

Iron, total, Chloride, dissolved dissolved Cuea/U Cueq/L)

4.66n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

5.379.387.568.245.94

<.38

6.77.29.176.958.06

n.a.1.72n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.4.05

n.a.10.4

24.4n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

8.9617.610

16854

75.233.136.884.99759

n.a.64.223.4

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

49.2

n.a.65.4

Nitrate, dissolved Cueq/L)

4.47

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

10.27.74

11.782.482.4

23435.6

14030.6

2.6814.1

n.a.84.549

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

88.4

n.a.13.1

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

196n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

87.693.578.9

186144

164166211333225233

n.a.171257

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

191

n.a.360

Silica, ANC dissolved

(ueq/L) (umol/L)

-54.5n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

-31.2-39.7-37.8-27.7-84.8

-262

-46.2-92.8-96.4-75.8-68

n.a.<4<4

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

-19.3

n.a.165

28.8

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

7.4813.913.86.41

28.8

34.218.220.339.528.526.3

n.a.13.413.6n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

13.5

n.a.35.2

Delta D (per mil)

-46.5-53.4-47.7-58.9-64.6

-74.4

-50.1^5.6-34

-18.8

-33

-19.7-33.7

n.a.n.a.n.a.

-23.5-20

-12.5-22-40

-41

-36.5-8.3

-13.2-20.1

n.a.n.a.

Delta 180 (per mil)

-7.92-8.61-8.01-9.22-9.62

-11.17-7.43-7.49-6.12-4.06

-5.58-3.98-6.49n.a.n.a.n.a.

-5.05-4.4-3.6-4.7

-7

-7.05-6.35-3.22-3.54-4.22

n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

12/15/9212/29/9201/12/9302/09/9303/08/93

03/29/9304/20/9305/11/9306/08/9307/06/93

08/24/9309/21/9310/19/9311/16/9311/30/9312/07/93

08/13/9109/10/9109/24/9111/26/91

03/10/92

04/23/9207/28/9207/06/9308/24/9310/19/93

1 1/30/9312/07/93

83

Table 9. Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93-Continued

Sample- collection c

date

Specificonductance (uS/cm)

pH (units) ii

Field Laboratory

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Aluminum, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved (^eq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Lysimeter pit 2 upper04/25/9105/07/9105/21/9106/18/9108/13/91

08/20/9108/27/9109/10/9111/26/9112/10/91

12/30/9102/18/9203/10/9203/31/9204/23/92

05/19/9206/02/9206/30/9207/14/9207/28/92

08/18/9209/08/9209/29/9211/03/92

11/17/92

11/24/9212/15/9212/29/9201/12/9303/29/93

04/20/9305/11/9306/08/93

07/06/93

3527344035

3933

n.a.3431

3138403737

3633313434

3537343635

3837343632

333031

43

4.334.534.344.284.51

4.324.264.514.234.31

4.434.444.344.364.26

4.294.274.264.184.19

4.174.164.194.26

4.22

4.214.284.34.254.37

4.34.334.24

4.16

4.47

4.84.544.41n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.4.424.5

4.534.634.38n.a.4.46

4.544.624.63n.a.4.28

n.a.4.314.314.37

4.42

4.34n.a.4.46n.a.4.41

4.44.414.41

4.29

2724.431.938.9

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

31.228.5

19.943.832.3

n.a.22.4

3419.919.9n.a.

19.9

n.a.20.716.61915

15.5n.a.

16n.a.

12.5

14121325.5

22.620.223.429.4

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

3040.1

32.246.743.5

n.a.29

28.623.819.3n.a.

19.7

n.a.23.520.920.918.2

20.9n.a.

18.7n.a.

19.3

18.814.214.224.8

27.2

8.398.359.35n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.9.48

12.1

2.3914.412.9n.a.

12.1

8.055.74.7n.a.5.1

n.a.7.135.136.448.92

12.2n.a.

15.9n.a.

10.4

9.877.317

10.9

33.5

50.454.754.7

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

29.521.1

1224.919.3n.a.

15.2

20.68.59

10.1n.a.

10

n.a.9.495.634.535.88

5.86n.a.4.32n.a.4.12

6.655.919.75

31.5

54.9

2830.446.2

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

41.172.9

74.169.277.1

n.a.62.4

46.657.743.5

n.a.61.2

n.a.46.558.988.5

81

80.2n.a.

84.7n.a.

83.5

66.35346.854.6

84

Iron, total, Chloride, Nitrate, dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

<38<38<38<38

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.<38

036

1.431.430.47n.a.1

0.140.47<38

n.a.<38

n.a.1.02<38

1.56<38

<38

n.a.<38

n.a.<38

<38<38<38

<.38

38.212.210.617.3n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

17.414.4

8.5120.613.2n.a.

11.1

1035.68

15n.a.5.17

n.a.8.865.07

17.720.4

17.6n.a.

17.9n.a.

13.2

11.67.276.82

10.7

2.625.53

15.943.7

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.9.610.42

<4512.85.53n.a.2.87

14.43.690.94n.a.2.75

n.a.5.43.381.192.33

7.84n.a.2.51n.a.7.45

2.13.042.187.32

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

136110125140

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

139187

143156180

n.a.150

130130105

n.a.122

n.a.137123132123

138n.a.

127n.a.

131

134124

111162

ANC (ueq/L)

<4<4<4<4

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

<4<4

<4<4<4

n.a.-48.6

-33.6-49.9-15.3

n.a.-65.5

n.a.-64.2-50.4-57.4-54.3

-59.4n.a.

-42.7n.a.

-33.8

-43.6-38.1-38.5-53.8

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

11.97.86.7

11.5n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

24.831.3

11.210.624

n.a.29

16.720.119n.a.

23

n.a.35.731.125.423.8

24.4n.a.

19.9n.a.

10.7

18.219.617.118.9

Delta D ( per mil)

-23.5-32-28

-28.5-25

-29.5-39-40-29

-53.5

-59-78

-58.5-55.5-37.5

-28.5-26-32

-25.5-37

-33.5-25.5-30.7

-25.2-26

-23.2n.a.

-32.8-43.8-68.3

-48.3-46.2-44.2-20.1

Delta 18O (per mil)

-5.4

-6.15-5.4-5.7

-4.95

-5.25-6.55-6.8

-5.65-8.15

-935

-11.85-9.15-9.1-6.4

-5

-4.85-5.85-4.65-6.05

-5.65-4.85-5.5

-5.54-5.59

-4.94n.a.

-6.13-7.06

-10.51

-7.52-7.17-6.9

-4.24

Sample- collection

date

04/25/9105/07/9105/21/9106/18/9108/13/91

08/20/9108/27/9109/10/9111/26/9112/10/91

12/30/9102/18/9203/10/9203/31/9204/23/92

05/19/9206/02/9206/30/9207/14/9207/28/92

08/18/9209/08/9209/29/9211/03/9211/17/92

11/24/9212/15/9212/29/9201/12/9303/29/93

04/20/9305/11/9306/08/9307/06/93

85

Table 9. Chemical analyses of soil water collected from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93-Continued

Sample- collection c

date

Specific onductance (uS/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Lysimeter

08/24/93

09/21/93

10/19/93

11/16/93

11/30/93

12/07/93

40

36

41

43

39

31

4.11

4.04

4.03

4.26

4.31

4.32

4.31

4.35

4.35

4.36

4.35

4.51

Aluminum, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (neq/L) (ueq/L)

pit 2 upper Continued

25

16.5

16.5

n.a.

17.5

13

24.7

18.6

23.9

n.a.

26.5

20

9.7

9.53

10.7

n.a.

23.8

12.9

39.7

26.4

29.4

n.a.

16.4

12.5

48.3

45.4

59.9

n.a.

81.4

64.1

Lysimeter pit 2 middle

03/31/92

04/23/92

05/19/92

06/02/92

07/28/92

11/03/92

1 1/24/92

05/11/93

10/19/93

43

43

44

43

44

49

42

44

43

4.45

4.44

4.41

4.41

4.34

4.23

4.41

4.38

4.18

4.5

4.45

4.63

4.61

4.44

4.34

4.51

n.a.

4.45

9.08

9.78

12.7

15

8.7

25.3

6.49

8.98

6.99

40.5

38.9

39.1

39.4

34.8

52.2

34.3

30

30.8

22.7

24.1

24.5

24.7

28.3

19.8

30.4

26.4

25.4

16.6

11.6

11.7

12.8

16.6

31

13.6

11.5

15.9

155

151

137

138

142

123

150

137

137

86

Iron, total, Chloride, Nitrate, dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

<.38<.38<38

n.a.<.38

<38

1.360.070.04<.38

34.8

5.21<.38<.38<.38

15.320.612.921.939.611.2

35.133.528.926.423.2

286.68

17.315.8

14.33.95

18.612.92.812.93

11.16.655.824.842.9

5.221.041.561.02

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

144118128140149108

230232191186232

203239262230

ANC (ueq/L)

-50.8-45.7-41.9-41.1-42.8-32.8

-39.5-35.5-31.9-23.5-44.7

-60.7-36.2-30.3-31.5

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

17.824.625.3

<.43

2115.3

444742.94556

4751.551.348.1

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-49.8-21

-26.9n.a.n.a.n.a.

-41.5-44.5^5.5-45-38

-29

-32.3-42.6-41

-7.6

-4.11-5.23n.a.n.a.n.a.

-6.9

-7.25-7.3

-7.15-6.15

-5.6

-5.24-6.94-6.83

Sample- collection

date

08/24/9309/21/9310/19/9311/16/9311/30/9312/07/93

03/31/9204/23/9205/19/9206/02/9207/28/92

11/03/9211/24/9205/11/9310/19/93

87

Table 10. Altitude1 of the water table in well points in the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93

[All altitudes in meters; -, missing data; <, less than]

Date

02/13/9102/19/9102/26/9103/05/9103/12/91

03/19/9103/26/9104/02/9104/09/9104/16/91

04/22/9104/23/9104/29/9105/07/9105/14/91

05/21/9105/28/9106/04/9106/11/9106/18/91

06/25/9107/02/9107/09/9107/17/9107/23/91

07/30/9108/06/9108/13/9108/20/91

08/27/91

09/03/9109/10/9109/17/9109/24/9110/01/91

Well point 1

234.19234.19234.18234.21234.19

234.18234.21234.19234.18234.16

234.18234.18234.18234.17234.16

234.15234.13234.12234.09234.2

234.12234.1234.08234.07234.07

234.08234.09234.1234.18234.06

234.03234.04234.07234.09234.1

Well point 2

---

-

_----

_

234.19234.19234.17234.17

234.11234.1234.1234.06234.2

234.06234.06234.05234.04234.05

234.06234.03234.05234.15234.02

234.03234.05234.05234.07234.06

Well point 3

---

-

_----

_

-

233.63233.52233.45

233.38233.33233.31233.25233.62

233.28233.25233.25

<233.23<233.23

<233.23<233.23

233.24<233.23

<233.23

<233.23233.24233.23233.25233.24

Well point 4

----

_----

_-

234.09234.08234.06

234.05234.03234.02233.99234.24

234.02234

233.99233.97233.96

233.98233.96233.98234.05

233.93

<233.86233.93233.96233.98233.98

88

Table 10. Altitude1 of the water table in well points in the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93-Continued

Date

10/08/9110/15/9110/22/9110/29/9111/05/91

11/12/9111/19/9111/26/9112/03/9112/10/91

12/17/9112/23/9112/30/9101/07/9201/14/92

01/21/9201/28/9202/04/9202/11/9202/18/92

02/25/9203/03/9203/10/92

03/17/9203/24/92

03/31/9204/06/9204/13/9204/20/9204/21/92

04/23/9204/28/9205/03/9205/12/9205/19/92

Well point 1

234.09234.09234.09234.08234.1

234.13234.13234.11234.2234.17

234.17234.17234.17234.17234.19

234.17234.17234.16234.16234.18

234.19234.21234.24

234.22234.21

234.22234.23234.18234.15234.16

234.24234.2234.17234.17234.17

Well point 2

234.07234.07

234.06234.06234.06

234.07234.06234.07234.21234.16

234.09234.08234.15234.13234.19

234.11234.17234.18234.17234.24

234.28234.3234.35

234.32234.31

234.34234.31234.28234.21234.2

234.36234.29234.23234.19

234.18

Well point 3

233.24233.23233.23

<233.23<233.23

<233.23<233.23

233.32234.02233.65

233.65233.52233.87233.73233.53

233.47233.45233.49233.44233.79

233.67233.68234233.82233.8

233.89233.73233.68233.67233.64

234.17233.84233.74233.69233.63

Well point 4

233.99233.99

233.99233.99234

234.01234234.02234.13234.1

234.07234.07234.1234.08234.09

234.08234.07234.07234.08234.09

234.11234.13234.14234.12234.13

234.13234.11234.11234.09234.09

234.15234.13234.11234.1234.1

89

Table 10. Altitude1 of the water table in well points in the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93-Continued

Date

05/26/9206/02/9206/09/9206/16/9206/23/92

06/30/9207/07/9207/14/9207/21/9207/28/92

08/04/9208/11/9208/18/9208/25/9209/01/92

09/08/9209/15/9209/22/9209/29/9210/06/92

10/13/9210/20/92

10/27/9211/03/9211/10/92

11/17/9211/24/9212/01/9212/08/9212/15/92

12/21/9212/29/9201/05/9301/12/9301/19/93

Well point 1

234.15234.15234.17234.15234.17

234.15234.14

234.13234.12234.17

234.15234.15234.15234.14234.14

234.21234.12234.15234.15234.13

234.14234.17

234.16234.24234.19

234.21234.24234.21234.19234.22

234.21234.18234.17234.17234.17

Well point 2

234.21234.2234.25234.19234.16

234.15234.14234.09234.09234.18

234.17234.17234.17234.09234.07

234.16234.1234.08234.08234.07

234.09234.08

234.09234.36234.26

234.29234.36234.28234.23234.36

234.36234.28234.28234.25234.26

Well point 3

233.57233.73233.74233.56233.5

233.45233.39233.36233.31233.75

233.5233.41233.38233.32233.28

233.35233.39233.31233.32233.27

233.32233.3

233.3234.3233.55

233.71234.17233.73233.57233.94

233.89233.63233.62233.67233.69

Well point 4

234.09234.1234.11234.08234.07

234.08234.07234.02234.02234.08

234.07234.05234.04234.03234.02

234.03234.03234.03234.03234.02

234.03234.04

234.04234.14234.08

234.09234.13234.1234.08234.1

234.11234.1234.08234.08234.08

90

Table 10. Altitude1 of the water table in well points in the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93 Continued

Date

01/26/9302/02/9302/09/9302/23/9303/02/93

03/08/9303/23/9303/30/9304/06/9304/13/93

04/20/9304/27/9305/04/93

05/11/9305/18/93

05/25/9306/01/9306/08/9306/15/9306/22/93

06/29/9307/06/93

07/13/9307/20/9307/27/93

08/03/9308/10/9308/17/9308/24/9308/31/93

09/07/9309/14/9309/21/9309/28/9310/05/93

Well point 1

234.17234.17234.15234.14234.14

234.22234.23234.25234.21234.21

234.22234.18234.19234.17234.16

234.13234.14234.17234.16234.12

234.1234.07

234.08234.06234.03

234.03234.05234.05234.07233.78

234.03234.07234.04

-

234

Well point 2

234.26234.22234.17234.16234.16

234.32234.34234.4234.33234.32

234.31234.31234.28234.27234.28

234.24234.14234.09234.07234.07

234.06234.06

234.06234.01

<233.9

233.78<233.9

233.78<233.9

233.78

234.01234.03234.03

-

234.02

Well point 3

233.77233.59233.53233.54233.52

234.13-

234.14233.84233.93

233.89233.85233.67233.61233.65

233.56233.51233.37233.33233.31

233.26233.26

<233.23<233.23<233.23

<233.23<233.23<233.23

<233.23<233.23

<233.23<233.23<233.23

-

<233.23

Well point 4

234.08234.06234.05234.05234.03

234.12234.14234.14234.1234.12

234.11234.12234.1234.07234.07

234.03234.06234.07234234

233.98233.9

233.92<233.86<233.86

<233.86<233.86<233.86<233.86<233.86

233.99234.01233.99

-

233.78

91

Table 10. Altitude1 of the water table in well points in the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93-Continued

Date

10/12/9310/19/9310/26/9311/02/9311/09/93

11/16/9311/23/9311/30/9312/07/9312/14/93

12/21/93

Well point 1

234.13234.03234.03234.13234.14

234.13234.12234.2234.22234.18

234.18

Well point 2

234.11234.03234.03234.05234.07

234.08234.07234.33234.39234.35

234.31

Well point 3

<233.23<233.23<233.23

233.3233.31

233.29233.31233.92234.03233.68

233.56

Well point 4

234.03233.97233.98234.05234.04

234.04234.05234.1234.13234.1

234.1

'Referenced to sea level

92

Table 11 follows.

93

Table 11. Altitude1 of the water table in well points in the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93

[All altitudes in meters]

Date

04/29/9105/07/9105/14/9105/21/9105/28/91

06/04/9106/11/9106/18/9106/25/9107/02/91

07/09/9107/17/9107/23/9107/30/9108/06/91

08/13/9108/20/9108/27/9109/03/9109/10/91

09/17/9109/24/9110/01/9110/08/9110/15/91

10/22/9110/29/9111/05/9111/12/9111/19/91

11/26/9112/03/9112/17/91

Well point 1

165.84165.84165.81165.82165.81

165.81165.79165.96165.8165.78

165.78165.78165.74165.74165.74

165.74165.76165.74165.74165.74

165.74165.74165.72165.72165.73

165.74165.75165.75165.76165.75

165.76165.83165.78

Well point 2

169.35169.34169.33169.34169.31

169.3169.29169.29169.28169.26

169.22169.25169.24169.2169.17

169.18169.26169.2169.25169.25

169.23169.24169.25169.26169.25

169.25169.25169.24169.24169.26

169.25169.25169.25

Date

12/30/9101/07/9201/14/9201/21/9201/28/92

02/04/9202/11/9202/18/9202/25/9203/03/92

03/10/9203/17/9203/24/9203/31/9204/06/92

04/13/9204/21/9204/23/9204/28/9205/03/92

05/12/9205/19/9205/26/9206/02/9206/09/92

06/16/9206/23/9206/30/92

07/07/9207/14/92

07/21/9207/28/9208/04/92

Well point 1

165.81165.77165.92165.78165.77

165.77165.77165.81165.79165.8

165.81165.82165.81165.84165.84

165.81165.96166.11166.06166.02

166165.98166.02166166.04

166165.98165.96165.94165.93

165.92166.01166.01

Well point 2

169.26169.25169.25169.25169.25

169.25169.25169.25169.26169.25

169.26169.29169.31169.35169.34

169.38169.37169.4169.37169.39

169.36169.34169.36169.27169.32

169.32169.28169.28169.31169.27

169.23169.33169.33

94

Table 11. Altitude1 of the water table in well points in the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93- Continued

Date

08/11/9208/18/9208/25/9209/01/9209/08/92

09/15/9209/22/9209/29/9210/06/9210/13/92

10/20/9210/27/921 1/03/9211/10/9211/17/92

11/24/9212/01/9212/08/9212/15/9212/21/93

12/29/9201/05/9301/12/93

01/19/9301/26/93

02/02/9302/09/9302/18/9302/23/9303/03/93

03/23/9303/30/9304/06/9304/13/9304/20/93

Well point 1

165.97165.95165.93165.93165.89

165.91165.94165.94165.93165.94

165.92165.92166165.97165.96

166.08166.04166.01166.12166.09

166.05166.04166.02

166.02166.01

166165.99165.98165.98165.98

166.13166.13166.13166.09166.09

Well point 2

169.26169.26169.23169.22169.23

169.23169.24169.23169.23169.23

169.28169.25169.3169.3169.3

169.32169.33169.31169.34169.35

169.33169.29169.3169.29169.28

169.26169.27169.29169.3169.3

169.37169.38169.37169.37169.37

Date

05/04/9305/11/9305/18/9305/25/9306/01/93

06/08/9306/15/9306/22/9306/29/9307/06/93

07/13/9307/20/9307/27/9308/03/9308/10/93

08/17/9308/24/9308/31/9309/07/9309/14/93

09/21/9309/28/9310/05/93

10/12/9310/19/93

10/26/9311/02/9311/09/9311/16/9311/23/93

11/30/9312/07/9312/14/9312/21/9312/29/93

Well point 1

166.05166.02166165.96165.96

165.95165.93165.93165.92165.89

165.9165.92165.9165.89165.9

165.89165.87165.86165.86165.85

165.87165.88165.86

165.89165.87

165.88165.89165.89165.87165.87

165.96166.05165.98166166.34

Well point 2

169.37169.39169.34169.31169.3

169.3169.3169.29169.28169.28

169.28169.27169.28169.29169.28

169.26169.26169.27169.27169.26

169.26169.26169.28169.28

169.27

169.27169.26169.26169.26169.25

169.31169.31169.3169.3169.28

'Referenced to sea level

95

Table 12. Chemical analyses of ground water collected from and near the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1992-93

[°C , degrees Celsius; joS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter, j^eq/L, microequivalents per liter, ^imol/L, micromoles per liter, <, less than; ANC, acid-neutralizing capacity, n.a., not analyzed]

Sample- collection Temperature

date (°C)

Specific conductance

(uS/cm)

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Sodium, dissolved (ueq/L)

Aluminum, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Well point 303/08/9304/06/9304/13/9305/18/9311/30/9312/07/9312/21/93

689

1111109

132

100

133

87

202243114

4.94

4.82

4.94.395.084.954.87

4.88n.a.5.04n.a.5.175.065.22

823

n.a.798

n.a.13701780

n.a.

69.7n.a.

Illn.a.

10783.1

n.a.

28.9

n.a.31.1

n.a.50.948.7

n.a.

23.8

n.a.29.9

n.a.4232.5

n.a.

52.3n.a.

12.7n.a.

2747.7

n.a.

Well point 410/13/9203/08/9304/06/9305/18/9306/15/93

1258

1313

3965

1733839

4.955.065.145.294.94

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Camp Peniel well05/20/9306/22/9307/27/9308/31/93

09/28/9310/26/9312/02/9312/30/93

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

36363940

40393740

5.725.645.755.9

5.745.755.535.81

6.076.116.096.18

6.096.185.955.88

151136141163

156147160179

53.452.354.655.4

60.75653.358.9

65.768.773.178.7

78.777.969.277.9

32.735.33338.1

36.837.636.136.1

0.22<.22

<220.18

<22<.22

0.410.41

96

Iron, total, dissolved (ueq/L)

4.23

n.a.4.87n.a.4.39.2n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

<.38<.38<.38<.38<.38

<38<.38<.38

Chloride, dissolved (ueq/L)

34.2

n.a.30.7

n.a.55.261.236

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

33.332.935.232.939.430.452.211.1

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

12.4n.a.

15.9n.a.

11.316.63.46

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

8.8610.511.5

1.072.169.44

12.47.4

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

913

n.a.952

n.a.15001870698

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

84.280.182.577.481.863.171.2

126

ANC(ueq/L)

-8.94

n.a.-3.91n.a.7.742.92.88

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

188183201219194209189208

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

82.2

n.a.94.7

n.a.168172

n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

150142149157154148143148

Delta D Delta "O(per mil) (per mil)

-59.6

n.a.-59.2

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

-42.9-62.3-52.6

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

-9.01n.a.

-8.77n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

-7.21-9.37-8.3

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

03/08/93

04/06/93

04/13/93

05/18/9311/30/9312/07/9312/21/93

10/13/9203/08/9304/06/9305/18/9306/15/93

05/20/9306/22/9307/27/9308/31/9309/28/9310/26/9312/02/9312/30/93

97

Table 13. Chemical analyses of ground water collected from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1988-93

[°C , degrees Celsius; |iS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter, |ieq/L, microequivalents per liter, jimol/L, micromoles per liter, <, less than; n.a., not analyzed]

Sample- collection

date

03/08/93

04/06/93

05/11/93

06/15/93

07/13/93

09/21/93

10/19/93

11/16/93

12/07/93

12/21/93

03/22/88

06/14/88

09/27/88

12/20/88

03/16/89

06/13/89

09/14/89

12/18/89

03/13/90

06/12/90

09/18/90

12/18/90

03/12/91

06/25/91

09/12/91

12/17/91

03/17/92

06/16/92

09/15/92

12/15/92

03/29/93

09/15/93

12/13/93

Temperature (°C)

7

10

15

17

21

17

14

11

8

6

11

12

12

12

10

11

12

11

12

11

12

11

11

12

12

10

11

12

12

10

11

12

10

Specific conductance

(uS/cm)

39

27

22

18

42

47

26

39

42

80

26

23

19

19

23

22

22

20

24

24

21

22

24

22

20

20

24

24

22

26

28

22

26

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

5.42

5.42

5.51

5.61

5.2

4.76

5.6

5.01

5.15

5.52

5.7

5.49

5.32

5.45

5.51

5.58

5.4

5.71

5.37

5.28

5.64

5.4

5.43

5.41

5.65

5.72

5.38

5.47

5.63

5.32

5.47

5.16

5.1

5.44

5.79

6.14

5.93

5.86

n.a.

5.79

n.a.

5.25

5.55

6.15

5.98

5.89

5.94

5.87

5.4

5.74

6.11

5.82

6.07

5.9

6.01

5.66

5.92

5.96

6.32

6.02

5.79

6.69

5.59

6.33

5.77

5.46

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Well point 2149

79.8

56.4

33.9

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

449

Spring51.8

48.1

27.9

27.4

32.8

27.6

30.9

30.3

33.9

33.2

33.2

35.4

36.9

33.9

30.1

33

37.4

35.8

34.4

34.4

35.4

31.4

35.4

54.6

39.5

35.1

33.3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

60.5

61.7

48.6

46.2

45.3

57.1

52.7

51.2

50.3

58.3

58.3

51.2

56.9

60.9

56.7

54.6

53.2

62.5

64.4

56.4

70.8

71.3

53

64.1

Aluminum, Sodium, Potassium, total, dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

40.6

38.2

40.2

39.1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

49.6

60.9

48.7

40.4

43

46.5

45.7

49.2

44.8

50.9

47

45.7

48.3

53.1

49.6

46.7

46.3

49.4

50.7

47

47.8

44.8

45.2

49.2

30.2

23.8

19.7

13.6

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

a a.

n.a.

29.4

6.14

21.7

25.5

25.5

28.4

29.2

29.4

26.1

30.2

29.2

28.4

29.2

34.5

30.7

30.2

26.8

31.3

32.8

28.9

35.8

36.3

29.7

31.2

6

3.36

2.33

2.45

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

a a.

n.a.

9.12

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.<.22

<.22

<.22

<.22<.22

<.22

<.22

0.33

0.22<.22

<.22

0.67

0.71

0.3

0.9

98

Iron, total, dissolved (uea/L)

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

2.61

aa.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

8.06

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

aa.

a a.

n.a.

n.a.

<38

<38

<38<.38

<.38

<.38

0.11

<38

<38

0.57

0.91

<38

<38<.38

<38

Chloride, dissolved fuea/L)

34.5

37.9

37.6

37.8

45.1

n.a.

34.5

n.a.

37.9

27.3

46.8

47.9

38.9

37

42.2

45.6

42.3

40.1

49.7

46.8

40.4

43.4

46.3

44.3

39.9

37.2

43.4

49.4

42

40.5

47.2

40.2

48

Nitrate, dissolved (uea/L)

25.3

17.7

13.8

4.83

2.58

n.a.

1.65

n.a.

10.6

8.21

18.7

16.8

21.6

19

21.2

16.7

25.7

23.8

26.4

24.3

28.9

30.6

24.9

33.5

30.2

27

29.5

28.7

24.1

15.1

3.29

31.2

19.8

Sulfate, Bicarbonate, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

205

117

82.3

51.2

113

n.a.

115

n.a.

228

493

43.1

37.6

31.3

30

57.9

38.1

32.9

31.6

43.3

44.9

32.1

37.8

55.8

37.3

31.8

25.3

50.7

50.2

33.7

73.6

91.8

32.3

54.6

5.81

12.3

30.634.1

17.7

n.a.

18.6

n.a.

2.75

13.2

69

73

67

65

56

75

64

63

66

66

6570

68

48

64

63

81

73.4

76.3

61.9

45.3

68.4

61

Silica, dissolved (wmol/L)

89.7

87.9

96.4

118

aa.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

102

106

122

110

115

107

107

116

115

111

112

114

111

106

110

117

113

109

108

116

99

91.9

118

106

Delta D (per mil)

-48.6

-47.3

n.a.

aa.

n.a.

aa.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

aa.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.-48

-47.5-48

-47

-50

-49.5

-48.5

-47.5-45

-47

-42

-46.1

aa.

n.a.

Delta "O ( per mil)

-7.4

-7.47

n.a.

aa.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

aa.

n.a.

aa.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

-8.25

-8.05-7.9

-8.1

-8.1

-8.2

-7.95

-7.55-7.8

-6.88

-7.68

n.a.

aa.

Sample- collection

date

03/08/93

04/06/93

05/11/93

06/15/93

07/13/93

09/21/93

10/19/93

11/16/93

12/07/93

12/21/93

03/22/88

06/14/88

09/27/88

12/20/88

03/16/89

06/13/89

09/14/89

12/18/89

03/13/90

06/12/90

09/18/90

12/18/90

03/12/91

06/25/91

09/12/91

12/17/91

03/17/92

06/16/92

09/15/92

12/15/92

03/29/93

09/15/93

12/13/93

99

Table 14. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93

[L/s, liters per second; °C, degrees Celsius; ^iS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter, ueq/L, microequivalents per liter, jimol/L, micromoles per liter, <, less than; n.a., not analyzed; ANC, acid-neutralizing capacity]

Sample- collection

date

05/04/90

05/08/9005/15/9005/23/9005/29/90

06/05/9006/12/9006/19/9006/26/9007/03/90

07/10/9007/17/9007/24/9007/31/9008/07/90

08/14/9008/21/9008/28/9009/04/9009/11/90

09/18/9009/25/9010/02/9010/09/9010/16/90

10/23/9010/24/9010/30/9011/06/9011/13/90

1 1/20/9011/27/9012/04/90

Time

1225

1230123512301500

13201230111511551340

11401115121514001225

12151200113011001100

11151115111511301015

9401045945

12301015

10151000

945

Discharge (L/s)

n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.n.d.

n.d.n.d.n.d.7.646.23

6.811.96.84.815.38

3.684.259.636.86.8

5.385.383.682.839.63

29212431.116.114.7

14.710.831.1

Tem­ perature c

(°C)

11

1211.51110.8

111315

1416

1816.5171817

17.515.517.51616

1212131512.5

12.511.59

117

798

Specific xinductance

(uS/cm)

23

24

272729

2524222020

2021201921

1921252220

2118181820

3735283723

22

n.a.30

pH (units)1

Field Laboratory

5.715.75.475.045.37

5.435.365.445.425.36

5.385.335.335.255.28

5.295.175.325.415.4

5.415.385.355.315.23

4.944.955.144.425.51

5.645.685.6

5.65n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.5.47

5.455.4

5.415.455.475.555.45

5.475.425.255.675.76

5.385.315.485.465.64

5.235.135.545.645.46

5.75.615.85

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

42.9

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

43.3

38.535.4

34.4

39.938.937.538.9

36.138.350.447.143.3

37.735.333.932.540.3

93.877.462.949.946.4

51.946.9

63.9

56.5n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

52.848.444.5

41.948.947.446.347.6

44.647.260.655.651.2

49.446.44440.747.8

81.47966.158.958.8

59.552.170.7

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

29.4

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

26.829.830

29.329.428.630.429.9

29.928.629.42829.3

29.830.130.830.633

26.132.632.131.431.4

31.830.831.6

22.6n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

17.51412.1

11.517.314.612.614.2

13.916.61915.414.2

13.513.211.81018.4

4329.723.826.624

23.323.836.1

100

Aluminum, total,

dissolved (ueq/L)

3.34

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.5.114.454.45

4.5654.564.675.34

4.785.114.894.233.89

4.234.234.344.345.23

31.615.89.456.125.06

4.233.226.45

Iron, total,

dissolved (ueq/L)

<0.38

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38<.38

Chloride, dissolved (ueq/L)

36.9

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

34.134.634.4

3434.134.636.335.4

35.83436.838.237.7

36.835.236.63539.6

40.642.639.138.536.4

39.737.641.5

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

24.1

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

18.912.611.4

10.923.417.214.316.8

12.816.937.822.417.4

15.414.210.79.08

15.3

63.490.746.625.826

28.625.637.5

Sulfate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

97.4

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

99.687.983

79.484.284.885.683.5

81.185.999.29694.8

91.68784.77577.3

15411710597.492.3

96.793.1

124

ANC(ueq/L)

7

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.7

108

107

1067

6<4

6

7

7

6<4

<4

57

67

<4

<4

7

13

1213

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

82.2n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

85.191.194.3

96.59495.493.693.3

95.8n.a.n.a.n.a.

91.8

91.591.595.896.893.6

54.881.582.284.784.4

84.486.275.8

Delta D (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

-48

-47.5-46.5-47.5-48

-48-47

-46.5-48

-46.5

-48-47

-45.5-48

-46.5

-47.5-47.5-49-49-44

-25.5-40-44-46-46

-47.5-45.5-37

Delta 1SO (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

-8

-7.95

-7.95-7.95-8.05-8.15-7.6

-5.65-7

-7.65-7.7

-7.75

-7.75-7.85-7.1

Sample- collection

date

05/04/90

05/08/90

05/15/9005/23/9005/29/90

06/05/9006/12/9006/19/9006/26/9007/03/90

07/10/9007/17/9007/24/9007/31/9008/07/90

08/14/9008/21/9008/28/9009/04/9009/11/90

09/18/9009/25/9010/02/9010/09/9010/16/90

10/23/9010/24/9010/30/901 1/06/9011/13/90

11/20/9011/27/9012/04/90

101

Table 14. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

12/11/9012/18/9012/26/9001/02/9101/08/91

01/15/9101/22/9101/29/9102/05/9102/12/91

02/19/9102/26/9103/05/9103/12/9103/19/91

03/26/9104/02/9104/09/9104/12/9104/16/91

04/23/9104/29/9105/07/9105/14/9105/21/91

05/28/9106/04/9106/11/9106/18/9106/25/91

07/02/9107/09/9107/17/9107/23/9107/30/91

Time

10051015130010301215

1015103010151000930

10151045101510301000

10151015104510151315

1015930

103012001015

10451000104511401030

12001130130010001100

Discharge (Us)

23.821.5345134

3465.131.119.516.1

16.116.139.62619.5

48.127.222.621.222.6

24.122.619.51511.9

7.366.233.96

16.43.96

3.113.112.551.981.98

Tem­ perature c

(°C)

6

75.564.5

63.556.53

556.54.57

87

12.58.5

11

8.5

111114.512.5

16.51615.51715.5

18181820.5

18

Specific x>nductance

(uS/cm)

25

25

312827

2628252424

2524272626

272624

n.a.25

252524

2221

1918182316

17

15161616

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

5.665.65.555.445.35

5.645.285.485.45.59

5.485.525.525.485.48

5.375.385.55.65.53

5.575.585.565.48

5.5

5.565.495.355.365.32

5.295.445.425.425.36

5.915.645.765.485.64

5.775.655.725.515.81

5.735.925.555.765.38

5.055.596n.a.5.3

5.375.55

5.555.515.69

5.85.685.545.66.31

6.066.066.025.035.48

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

63.4

57.4

61.4

60.9

55.9

59.461.466.452.955.4

58.955.458.461.956.4

60.955.956.4

n.a.52.4

54.959.4

50.944.4

44.9

39.437.435.448.931.9

32.427.425.422.521.7

61.467.77071.868.2

69.271.464.160.758.6

61.860.871.266.464.6

70.266.460.5

n.a.63.6

67.465.861.357.356.1

48.945.943.154.837.7

36.5

33.131.730.931.8

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

31.8

29.5

31.131.530.9

33.431.83231.431.2

30.431.43232.531.7

33.131.330.8

n.a.31.3

3233.130.331.331.5

31.630.931.228.731.5

32.7

31.831.229.529.4

24.626.825.626.325.3

28.125.325.625.323.8

24.324.328.427.127.9

28.926.126.3

n.a.27.1

26.626.12320.7

18.9

18.413.310.230.412

10.712.511.28.3

10.2

102

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

2

5.45

4

6.12

5.67

2.34

8.12

5.56

5

4.23

4.34

3.89

5.67

4.67

4.56

5.56

5.34

3.78

n.a.

4.34

4.45

3.78

3.56

3.22

3.78

3.56

3.78

4.45

8.45

4.56

4.78

4.454.34

2.111.89

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

n.a.<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38<.38

<.38

0.390.79

40.1

38.9

41.7

40.6

40.6

41.1

41.9

40

38.6

36.8

38.2

38.1

38.8

39.1

38.9

39.2

39.7

38.6

n.a.

38.2

39.1

40.3

39.4

39.4

38.1

38.2

37.7

36.8

32

36

35.735.9

36.8

37.336.6

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

40.9

38.9

54

56.4

47.2

48.6

53.5

40.9

38.9

35.5

37.9

38.4

49.9

45.9

42

54.6

45.5

39.5

n.a.

40.8

41.7

41.3

32

26.8

19.3

8.87

11.8

13

23.8

5.09

9.782.91

2.55

7.17

6.74

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

101

112

107

106

106

104

110

98

92.6

87.2

96.6

92.3

112

103

105

109

106

99.7

n.a.

105

107

106

102

96.9

91.4

88.7

84.1

78.7

104

75.3

68.568.2

65.6

61.557.4

ANC(ueq/L)

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

12

20

12

<4

<4

n.a.<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

11

10

<4

<4

7

8

75

9

5

5

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

84

79

87.6

84.7

84.7

87.2

82.1

81

82.2

81.4

81.5

82.5

80.1

83.5

79.8

80.9

78.4

78.4

n.a.

81.8

82.1

81.1

81

83.8

83.5

89

87

90.5

67.2

92.8

96.598.4

104

97.9

101

Delta D (per mil)

-44

-45

-44

44

-45

-45

-44.5

^5.5

-44.5

^4.5

-44

-44

-43.5-44

-44.5

-43.5

-45.5

^4.5

n.a.

44. 5

43

-43.5

-43.5

-44.5-43

-47

-44

-44.5

-39.5

-46.5

-47

-47.5-46.5

^6.5

-46.5

Delta "O (per mil)

-7.75-7.8

-7.6

-7.55-7.7

-7.6

-7.5

-7.6

-7.65-7.7

-7.7

-7.7

-7.55-7.5

-7.7

-7.55

-7.55-7.7

n.a.-7.7

-7.55

-7.55

-7.55

-7.75

-7.75

-7.85-7.9

-7.9

-7.15

-7.85

-8-8

-7.95

-8.05-8

Sample- collection

date

12/11/90

12/18/90

12/26/90

01/02/91

01/08/91

01/15/91

01/22/91

01/29/91

02/05/91

02/12/91

02/19/91

02/26/91

03/05/91

03/12/91

03/19/91

03/26/91

04/02/91

04/09/91

04/12/91

04/16/91

04/23/91

04/29/91

05/07/91

05/14/91

05/21/91

05/28/91

06/04/91

06/11/91

06/18/91

06/25/91

07/02/9107/09/91

07/17/91

07/23/91

07/30/91

103

Table 14. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

08/06/91

08/13/91

08/20/9108/27/9109/03/91

09/10/9109/12/9109/17/9109/24/9110/01/91

10/08/9110/15/9110/22/9110/29/9111/05/91

11/12/9111/19/9111/26/9112/03/9112/10/91

12/17/91

12/23/9112/30/9101/07/9201/14/92

01/21/9201/28/9202/04/9202/11/9202/18/92

02/25/9203/03/9203/10/9203/17/92

03/24/92

Time

9451200110014001030

10451155112010451005

105010151030935940

10251050113510101125

1000

103010301045

930

102011201015955

1030

1145101010201425

1020

Discharge (L/s)

1.421.423.41.131.13

1.131.131.131.131.13

1.131.131.131.131.42

1.321.132.55

11.93.96

3.11

2.833.963.96

6.23

4.533.963.963.967.36

10.21738.727.6

21.2

Tem­ perature <

(°C)

17

17.5

18.5

18.516

1716.5191413

1111

8.510.56.5

785.56.58

3

3446.5

0.5220.53.5

5.4795

4

Specific conductance

(uS/cm)

16

17

21

16

15

16

15

15

15

14

16

14151614

1616162520

1919

222123

2223232326

27262927

26

pH (units)<

Field Laboratory

5.35.325.035.325.27

5.25.265.645.285.26

5.265.275.325.35.3

5.495.65.715.645.78

5.87

5.64

5.635.585.7

5.755.715.85.725.65

5.595.725.345.54

5.5

5.355.325.415.675

5.355.185.155.225.13

5.224.995.355.635.59

6.225.635.785.855.72

6.57

5.665.435.965.8

6.486.46.295.826

5.785.485.315.3

5.45

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

23.6

24.53523.124.3

23.722.622.124.223.5

26.22121.725.525

25.224.526.553.638.9

35.9

34.944.343.146.5

49.247.548.348.758.6

61.360.267.761.4

60.8

31.732.74532.431.8

31.23028.23031.3

32.628.22930.430.1

33.232.640.270.351.4

43.4

45.756.254.749.4

55.357.960.160.177.3

75.777.279.675.9

67.1

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

32.5

29.1

30.830.631

31.430.63129.231.6

30.229.429.93130.2

30.832.632.434.333.8

33.4

33.932.833.5

28.3

31.830.33230.832.4

3132.632.431.1

30.5

11.19.08

20.77.216.47

10.18.87.247.837.3

5.985.75.247.678.7

2213.921.136.426.7

19.8

20.523.822.724.3

21.522.122.922.228.2

29.827.430.227.3

25.3

104

Aluminum, total,

dissolved (ueq/L)

2.11

2.1130.332.11

4.674.452.72.63.89

4.782.222.344.454

42.112.458.55.6

2.562.783.112.564.11

1.45

1.671.561.452.89

3.342.565.45

5.114.23

Iron, total,

dissolved (ueq/L)

1.47

0.25

<38

<38

1.25

0.4<380.51.150.07

<.38

1.110.90.07<38

0.14<38

0.140.540.43

0.040.110.25<38<38

<38

<38<380.110.29

0.290.47

0.32<38<38

Chloride, dissolved (ueq/L)

38.6

37.230.834.335.9

35.534.434.433.131.8

3432.532.535.336.4

35.93337.641.433.7

42.287.750.735.936.7

39.5

38.238.938.838.6

39.541.743.138.339.5

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

7.8

8.7523.6

7.987.89

8.577.018.177.917.28

6.636.726.093.092.28

0.4<452.857.358.12

6.199.589.64

12.518.4

22.1

2222.423.928.7

30.934.844.236.433.7

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

58.559.184.258.658.3

61.457.35662.157.7

64.358.961.163.165.5

71.960.975

12082.6

7171.5

10187.3

103

97.2

98.810199.8

116

120118125112114

ANC (ueq/L)

4

<4

5<4<4

19<4<4

45

7<4

7<4

5

4756

10

178

107

10

17

6698

5<4<4

88.4

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

106

107

76.996.894.1

11010996.191.796.2

97.99087

106102

10196.796.38490.2

91.589.488.49073

88.3

86.884.284.978.2

8282.682.280.275.9

Delta D (per mil)

-46.5

-48.5-47

-46

-47

-48-46

-47.5-45.5-46

-47.5-48-47-48-48

-48.5-48.5-47

-46.5-47.5

-48.5-47.5-47.5

n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

-49.5

n.a.n.a.

-43.5-44

n..a.

Delta "O (per mil)

-8.05

-7.95

-8.05

-8.05-8.1

-8.05-8

-7.95-7.95-8.05

-8.15-8.1-7.8

-8.15-8.15

-8.15-8.1-7.8

-7.85-8

-7.9

-8.05-8.05n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

-8.35

n.a.n.a.

-7.65-7.65n.a.

Sample- collection

date

08/06/9108/13/9108/20/9108/27/9109/03/91

09/10/9109/12/9109/17/9109/24/9110/01/91

10/08/9110/15/9110/22/9110/29/9111/05/91

11/12/9111/19/9111/26/9112/03/9112/10/91

12/17/9112/23/9112/30/9101/07/9201/14/92

01/21/92

01/28/9202/04/9202/1 1/9202/18/92

02/25/9203/03/9203/10/9203/17/9203/24/92

105

Table 14. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

03/31/9204/06/9204/13/9204/21/9204/23/92

04/28/9205/03/9205/12/9205/19/9205/26/92

06/02/9206/09/9206/16/9206/23/9206/30/92

07/07/9207/14/9207/21/9207/28/9208/04/92

08/11/9208/18/9208/25/9209/01/9209/08/92

09/15/9209/17/9209/22/9209/29/9210/06/92

10/13/9210/20/9210/27/9211/03/9211/10/92

Time

12151110910900

1240

940900900

10001140

10201004940

1015930

95012301030940930

855945

1010955

1140

1005913930

1050915

1040945

102511301225

Discharge (L/s)

39.6

25.519.516.4

108

3424.119.518.118.1

18.124.118.116.410.2

7.365.384.53

13.38.78

7.366.234.533.964.53

6.236.235.385.384.53

6.236.236.23

73.622.1

Tem­ perature (

(°C)

9

77

1012

9.512.51212.510.5

12.51413.51216

15.51918.51717

1816171516

141615149

11

78

108

Specific x>nductance

(nS/cm)

27

26242329

2624232323

2324222019

1818172222

2019191819

1920202019

1919183424

pH (units)i

Field Laboratory

5.36

5.425.595.51

5.11

5.295.395.415.45.41

5.365.465.385.395.43

5.495.25.285.165.16

5.095.175.195.22

5.15

5.255.255.175.185.15

5.215.235.234.95.32

5.365.615.535.564.96

5.15n.a.5.34n.a.5.07

n.a.5.255.76n.a.5.15

n.a.5.21n.a.5.06n.a.

5.43n.a.5.3n.a.

5.44

n.a.5.95.6n.a.5.3

n.a.5.28n.a.4.86n.a.

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

60.1

57.8

58.250.463.2

56.4n.a.

47.7n.a.

51

n.a.50.747.4

n.a.38.3

n.a.33.9

n.a.44.7

n.a.

45.2n.a.

34.4n.a.

36.8

n.a.34.644.2

n.a.39.5

n.a.

37.1n.a.

80.6n.a.

70.667.560.157.868.4

65.7n.a.

61.5n.a.

63.3

n.a.66.957.3

n.a.49.8

n.a.42.6

n.a.55.9

n.a.

46.9n.a.

43.1n.a.

43.7

n.a.46.248.6

n.a.48.4

n.a.

50.5n.a.

80.4n.a.

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

31.2

29.2

29.729.131.6

28.8n.a.

29.8n.a.

29.8

n.a.31.430.4

n.a.31.1

n.a.30.6

n.a.30.7

n.a.

29.5n.a.

27.6n.a.

27.4

n.a.27.931.4

n.a.30.1

n.a.

31.2n.a.

27n.a.

28.8252424.131.2

25.3n.a.

24.2n.a.

21.4

n.a.21.916.8n.a.

12.6

n.a.9.7n.a.

17n.a.

10.4n.a.

10n.a.

12.3

n.a.10.79.28n.a.7.9

n.a.8.57n.a.

31.9n.a.

106

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

6.23

4.67

3.22

2.78

11

6.12

n.a.

3.89

n.a.

5.78

n.a.

4.34

3.34

n.a.

4.23

n.a.

4.56

n.a.

6.89

n.a.

2.67

n.a.

4.67

n.a.

4.22

n.a.

3.89<.22

n.a.

11.8

n.a.

7.56

n.a.

35.5

n.a.

<38

0.18

0.75

0.57

0.61

0.97

n.a.<.38

n.a.

0.18

n.a.

0.07<.38

n.a.

<38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.

<.38

n.a.

1.34

n.a.

0.38

n.a.

<38

5.34

n.a.

0.11

n.a.

0.32

n.a.

2.15

n.a.

38.8

42.5

39

38.6

38.3

38.3

n.a.

36.8

n.a.

35.7

n.a.

35.5

38.3

n.a.

34.7

n.a.

35.7

n.a.

34.4

n.a.

35.8

n.a.

42.3

n.a.

34.4

n.a.

35.7

37.5

n.a.

32

n.a.

36.1

n.a.

34.4

n.a.

Nitrate, dissolved (neq/L)

36.5

26.8

33

25.3

42.6

34.6

n.a.

23.4

n.a.

24

n.a.

16.2

15.4

n.a.

5.78

n.a.

8.07

n.a.

17.2

n.a.

3.28

n.a.

6.71

n.a.

8.54

n.a.

9.98

0.5

n.a.

6.16

n.a.

4.48

n.a.

34.9

n.a.

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

120

103

110

101

124

113

n.a.

109

n.a.

108

n.a.

103

102

n.a.

91.3

n.a.

79.7

n.a.

96.6

n.a.

86

n.a.

83.4

n.a.

81.1

n.a.

84

83.9

n.a.

74.3

n.a.

77

n.a.

157

n.a.

ANC(ueq/L)

-0.3

10

4

2.3

-3.6

-3.9

n.a.

1.8

n.a.

-4.84

n.a.-0.8

4.71

n.a.-4

n.a.

-4.45

n.a.

-12.1

n.a.

9

n.a.

-7.57

n.a.-2.7

n.a.-1.8

12.4

n.a.

11.4

n.a.

1.2

n.a.

-17.2

n.a.

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

76.6

76.1

75.9

77.9

79.5

76.9

n.a.

72.4

n.a.

78.6

n.a.

86.3

84.5

n.a.

90.9

n.a.

94.7

n.a.

89.2

n.a.

92.5

n.a.

90.9

n.a.

88.8

n.a.

94.8

97.1

n.a.

93.4

n.a.

98.7

n.a.

78.3

n.a.

Delta D (per mil)

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

-43.5

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

-37.6

n.a.

Delta "O (per mil)

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.-7.7

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

-6.87

n.a.

Sample- collection

date

03/31/92

04/06/92

04/13/92

04/21/92

04/23/92

04/28/92

05/03/92

05/12/92

05/19/92

05/26/92

06/02/92

06/09/92

06/16/92

06/23/92

06/30/92

07/07/92

07/14/92

07/21/92

07/28/92

08/04/92

08/11/92

08/18/92

08/25/92

09/01/92

09/08/92

09/15/92

09/17/92

09/22/92

09/29/92

10/06/92

10/13/92

10/20/92

10/27/92

1 1/03/92

11/10/92

107

Table 14. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

11/17/9211/24/9212/01/9212/08/9212/15/92

12/21/9212/29/9201/05/9301/12/9301/19/93

01/26/9302/02/9302/09/9302/18/9302/23/93

03/02/9303/08/9303/17/9303/23/9303/24/93

03/29/93

03/30/9304/06/93

04/13/9304/20/93

04/27/9305/04/9305/11/9305/18/9305/25/93

06/01/9306/08/93

06/15/9306/22/9306/29/93

Time

1215945

105010101210

1220172512301300945

1050950

120010001415

10301259131511001325

1454

1245

101510201103

1055920

1400815950

9351000

1035948

1032

Discharge (L/s)

23.2

79.328.31762.3

53.825.221.519.823.2

23.219.815.614.213

11.948.145.362.3

190

311

15662.348.153.8

45.328.319.81713

1311.98.788.215.66

Tem­ perature <

(°C)

6

9

746

77964

522.513

77577.5

9

9.589

12

9.512141213

12.513

151117

Specific xmductance

(uS/cm)

24

28

26

2528

2726242626

2527242423

2531283234

31

n.a.282726

2625242322

2120201919

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

5.41

5.21

5.24

5.29

5.11

5.11

5.235.415.315.38

5.45.445.355.355.53

5.495.355.335.25.11

4.98

5.05

5.225.175.35

5.115.255.355.275.3

5.345.28

5.265.175.14

5.4n.a.5.28n.a.5.41

n.a.5.11n.a.5.23n.a.

5.29n.a.5.26n.a.5.43

n.a.5.31n.a.5.155.18

n.a.

n.a.5.34n.a.5.42

n.a.5.52n.a.5.32n.a.

5.38n.a.

5.41n.a.5.08

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

48.9

n.a.53.4

n.a.60.9

n.a.47.4

n.a.48.9

n.a.

49.9n.a.

43.9n.a.

45.4

n.a.60.9

n.a.61.966.4

n.a.

n.a.48.9

n.a.48.9

n.a.48.4

n.a.43.4

n.a.

40.9n.a.

38.9n.a.

33.9

64.4n.a.

62.1n.a.

64

n.a.61.1

n.a.

63.8n.a.

65.3n.a.

59.6n.a.

59.4

n.a.79

n.a.79.878.2

n.a.

n.a.

59.3n.a.

62.6

n.a.55

n.a.52.4

n.a.

47n.a.

40.4n.a.

41.4

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

31.6

n.a.31

n.a.31.6

n.a.30.7

n.a.31

n.a.

31.1n.a.

30.8n.a.

28.2

n.a.29.9

n.a.28.925.6

n.a.

n.a.29.1

n.a.29.1

n.a.28.4

n.a.28.3

n.a.

27.9n.a.

29.3n.a.

29.8

22.8n.a.

24n.a.

26.3

n.a.25.3

n.a.25.3

n.a.

24.3n.a.

24n.a.

22.8

n.a.28.9

n.a.28.130.7

n.a.

n.a.26.1

n.a.26.9

n.a.23

n.a.17.9n.a.

16.9n.a.

12.5n.a.

10.2

108

Aluminum, Iron, total, total,

dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

5

n.a.6.12n.a.

10.8

n.a.8.23n.a.2.48n.a.

5.67n.a.4.56n.a.4.11

n.a.9.12n.a.

12.117.6

n.a.n.a.8.45n.a.6.56

n.a.4.78n.a.4.56n.a.

4.67n.a.3.89n.a.5.34

<38n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.

<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38<.38

n.a.n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.

<.38

n.a.<38n.a.<38

Chloride, dissolved (ueq/L)

32.8

n.a.33.4

n.a.43.2

n.a.31.2

n.a.36.7

n.a.

37.1n.a.

36.1n.a.

34.1

n.a.35.6

n.a.34.330.5

n.a.n.a.

32.9n.a.

31.2

n.a.34.1

n.a.33.5

n.a.

33n.a.

33.3n.a.

32.3

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

21.8

n.a.29.5

n.a.32.6

n.a.27.6

n.a.27.8

n.a.

28.5n.a.

25.7n.a.

23.4

n.a.37.2

n.a.39.238.5

n.a.n.a.

26.2n.a.

22.7

n.a.22.6

n.a.

17.3n.a.

10n.a.7.24n.a.8.53

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

109

n.a.110

n.a.117

n.a.107

n.a.110

n.a.

109n.a.

100n.a.

92.6

n.a.132

n.a.139151

n.a.n.a.

114n.a.

113

n.a.113

n.a.104

n.a.

98.7n.a.

87.4n.a.

77.6

ANC (ueq/L)

-1.75

n.a.-6.37n.a.

-2.5

n.a.-10.1

n.a.-3.97n.a.

-4.14n.a.

-7.28n.a.0.24

n.a.-2.5

n.a.-4.12-3.7

n.a.n.a.

-1.67n.a.

-1.11

n.a.4.92n.a.

4.93n.a.

6.95n.a.4.95n.a.

-6.04

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

90.8

n.a.83.8

n.a.81.2

n.a.80.8

n.a.83

n.a.

84n.a.

83.7n.a.

80.5

n.a.79.7

n.a.74.166.9

n.a.n.a.

74.8n.a.

74.1

n.a.78.3

n.a.

85.1n.a.

83.7n.a.

89n.a.

92.9

Delta D (per mil)

-45.1

n.a.-44.2

n.a.-42.7

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Delta "O (per mil)

-7.37n.a.

-7.35n.a.

-7.06

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

11/17/9211/24/9212/01/9212/08/9212/15/92

12/21/9212/29/9201/05/9301/12/9301/19/93

01/26/9302/02/9302/09/9302/18/9302/23/93

03/02/9303/08/9303/17/9303/23/9303/24/93

03/29/9303/30/9304/06/9304/13/9304/20/93

04/27/9305/04/9305/1 1/9305/18/9305/25/93

06/01/9306/08/9306/15/9306/22/9306/29/93

109

Table 14. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

07/06/93

07/13/93

07/20/9307/27/9308/03/93

08/10/9308/17/9308/24/9308/31/9309/07/93

09/14/9309/15/9309/21/9309/28/9310/05/93

10/12/9310/19/9310/26/9311/02/9311/09/93

11/16/9311/23/9311/30/9312/07/9312/14/93

12/21/9312/29/93

Time

1550

930

163010301007

10451125133011301030

1040131711401107957

10501000134017301322

12001147130013021155

14261415

Discharge (L/s)

4.813.43.543.913.11

2.831.981.71.421.98

2.262.262.262.262.26

2.832.262.262.832.83

2.262.83

45.359.525.2

18.415.6

Tem­ perature c

(°C)

1919191919

181918.51918

16.518141412

10111176.5

106786

50.5

Specific XMiductance

(uS/cm)

19

18

18

18

18

17

17161717

1617161816

2015151617

1717293027

2525

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

5.015.15.124.945.14

5.065.235.125.435.3

4.754.533.874.474.72

4.844.554.825.135.05

5.455.755.074.984.49

4.645.34

n.a.5.1n.a.5.28n.a.

5.36n.a.5.34n.a.5.41

n.a.n.a.5.44n.a.5.36

n.a.5.41n.a.5.38n.a.

5.75n.a.5.08n.a.5.14

n.a.5.18

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

n.a.

27n.a.

24.5n.a.

28.4n.a.

24n.a.

27

n.a.n.a.

26n.a.

25.5

n.a.23

n.a.25.4

n.a.

25n.a.

60.9n.a.

52.4

n.a.44.9

n.a.34.6

n.a.32.5

n.a.

32.3n.a.

30.4n.a.

30.9

n.a.n.a.

30.5n.a.

32.9

n.a.30.2

n.a.36.2

n.a.

35.3n.a.

67.3n.a.

63.1

n.a.58.2

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

n.a.31.7

n.a.29.8

n.a.

30.8n.a.

30.1n.a.

29.8

n.a.n.a.

30.2n.a.

31.1

n.a.31.2

n.a.30.1

n.a.

30.5n.a.

28.1n.a.

27.5

n.a.29.5

n.a.10.7n.a.7.7n.a.

9.21n.a.8.95n.a.

10.3

n.a.n.a.

10.7n.a.9.16

n.a.8.44n.a.

17.7n.a.

18.7n.a.

25.8n.a.

23.5

n.a.22.2

110

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

n.a.5.01n.a.5.11n.a.

5.23n.a.5.36n.a.5.74

n.a.n.a.4.58n.a.4.61

n.a.4.45n.a.4.26n.a.

3.56n.a.

11.5n.a.9.12

n.a.6.45

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.

<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.

<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.33.1

n.a.34.1

n.a.

32.1n.a.

32.9n.a.

31.5

n.a.n.a.

31.7n.a.

31.8

n.a.31.7

n.a.35.5

n.a.

32.8n.a.

33.1n.a.

35.6

n.a.32.9

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

n.a.10.5n.a.9.21n.a.

5.09n.a.5.69n.a.1.7

n.a.n.a.3.48n.a.6.13

n.a.1.96n.a.0.6n.a.

ndn.a.

23.4n.a.

19.1

n.a.17.6

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

n.a.72.2

n.a.67.7

n.a.

62.9n.a.

62.8n.a.

66.1

n.a.n.a.

65.7n.a.

65.3

n.a.63.6

n.a.78

n.a.

70.3n.a.

132n.a.

128

n.a.Ill

ANC(ueq/L)

n.a.-3.72n.a.

-2.55n.a.

-0.47n.a.0.98n.a.4.39

n.a.n.a.6.79n.a.6.74

n.a.5.39n.a.7.28n.a.

13.7n.a.

-4.43n.a.

-2.33

n.a.-0.08

Silica, dissolved (umoI/L)

n.a.

102n.a.

104n.a.

104n.a.

110n.a.

109

n.a.n.a.

103n.a.

102

n.a.102

n.a.98.6

n.a.

99n.a.

82.6n.a.

80.8

n.a.83

Delta D Delta "O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

07/06/9307/13/9307/20/93

07/27/9308/03/93

08/10/9308/17/9308/24/9308/31/9309/07/93

09/14/9309/15/9309/21/9309/28/9310/05/93

10/12/9310/19/9310/26/9311/02/9311/09/93

11/16/9311/23/9311/30/9312/07/9312/14/93

12/21/9312/29/93

111

Table 15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93

[L/s, liters per second; nS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter, neq/L, microequivalents per liter, \imolfL, micromoles per liter, <, less than; n.a., not analyzed; ANC, acid-neutralizing capacity]

Sample- collection

date

08/05/9008/05/9008/05/9008/06/9008/06/90

08/06/9008/06/9008/06/9008/13/9008/13/90

08/13/9008/14/9008/14/9008/14/9008/14/90

08/14/9008/14/9008/20/9008/20/9008/20/90

08/20/9008/22/9008/22/9008/23/9008/23/90

08/23/9010/11/9010/11/9010/11/9010/11/90

10/11/9010/11/90

Specific conduct-

Time

203821082308

1081349

14131613181318182018

221818

218418618

8181018524612812

101221462317

117317

517506533611700

742942

Discharge (L/s)

7.6410.77.646.828.58

11.913.28.585.386.82

5.385.385.385.384.76

4.764.76

11.916.216.2

11.914.619.623.819.6

17.87.649.57

11.914.6

17.819.6

ance (uS/cm)

2726262424

2524252422

2121202020

2019262628

2927

293132

3125252626

2831

pH (units) i(

Field Laboratory

5.125.125.225.155.13

5.185.155.185.185.24

5.135.195.265.285.28

5.335.255.185.145.14

5.13

55.085.085.12

5.085.115.125.185.11

5.165.06

5.285.475.625.585.4

5.535.565.585.545.62

5.645.635.615.525.56

5.585.675.35.175.06

5.145.325.355.255.22

5.265.295.285.315.25

5.295.25

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

4848.446.844.840.3

41.348.849.142.139.9

38.637.336.135.935.7

36.534.849.954.960.9

58.459.459.966.968.4

65.442.941.844.551.9

53.958.4

5356.256.454.446.7

485856.745.148.7

4847.145.745.945.5

45.544.856.861.868.8

68.266.768.376.479.3

76.748.749.752.859

63.168.4

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

30.529.730.430.828.1

27.42930.227.630.1

30.830.931.330.731.1

30.430.52826.827.2

28.128.527.428.729.8

2839.441.143.543.9

44.443.5

27.123.11816.119.7

20.521.121.632.717.3

1717.115.815.515.9

16.315.223.525.426.1

24.524.925.828.127.6

26.123.924.727.629.4

30.932.7

112

Aluminum, total,

dissolved (ueq/L)

9.129.12

31.56.128.01

9.129.017.349.016.45

65.785.5655.23

54.789.56

11.811.9

10.49.9

11.6

13.612.4

11.69.128.789.12

10.3

10.6

12.1

Iron, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.380.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

38.234.332.83633.4

28.828.431.639.633.4

32.833.833.734

37

38.237.227.327.327.1

28.829.423.8

26.126.2

27.860.264.370.874

76.5

76.2

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

26.63028.325.116.6

18.7

3129.313.219.2

16.715.314.413.8

14.1

13.715.334.845.456.6

56.5

4540.4

50.553.1

53.515.114.317.724.5

29.2

37.9

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

9091.679.183.778.4

73.775.475.687.484

7675.776.275.5

81

80.980.391.1

102106

10911092.2

104110

11683.286.987.589.6

92.295.6

ANC (ueq/L)

77676

7

6565

66666

66

<4<4

11

67676

106557

6

5

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

86.581.587.291.184

787983.782.986.9

89.492.292.294.7

95.1

92.993.377.373.773.7

7879.47476.277.3

82.286.586.582.680.1

76.573.3

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-44 42 45 46 46

44.5

46.5 44

-43.5 44.5

46.5 48

46.5 4%

-47

-47

-47.5-44.5-42-42

-42

-43.5-41-41

-41.5

-41.5-43.5-42

-39.5-38

-35.5

-32.5

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.-7.4

-7.35-7.15-6.9

-6.65-6.25

Sample- collection

date

08/05/9008/05/9008/05/9008/06/9008/06/90

08/06/9008/06/9008/06/9008/13/9008/13/90

08/13/9008/14/9008/14/9008/14/90

08/14/90

08/14/9008/14/9008/20/9008/20/9008/20/90

08/20/9008/22/9008/22/9008/23/9008/23/90

08/23/9010/11/9010/11/9010/11/9010/11/90

10/11/9010/11/90

113

Table 15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

10/11/9010/11/9010/11/9010/11/9010/11/90

10/11/9010/11/9010/11/9010/12/9010/12/90

10/12/9010/13/9010/13/9010/13/9010/13/90

10/13/9010/13/9010/13/9010/18/9010/18/90

10/18/9010/18/9010/18/9010/18/9010/18/90

10/18/9010/19/9010/23/90

10/23/9010/23/90

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

Time

10151129121513301530

17301930213023272336

23522

18143149

154201331

14001415

14211543174319002100

2300100421438447

459540600608619

Discharge (L/s)

23.819.616.213.211.9

10.7118.587.64

10.7

13.216.219.623.828.5

33.943.536.914.619.6

23.828.523.819.617.8

16.216.221.62631.1

36.943.551.164.474.8

Specific conduct­

ance (uS/cm)

3132313028

2625242120

2021222423

2325302221

2123232524

242323

2222

2222232526

pH (units) Ic

Field Laboratory

5.075.035.045.035.04

5.115.165.17

5.255.37

5.345.375.195.275.33

5.325.315.195.735.71

5.715.675.635.65.61

5.615.575.65.625.6

5.565.535.515.465.47

5.215.155.25.215.22

5.235.365.295.375.47

5.515.515.475.385.42

5.435.415.265.585.64

5.65.595.55.465.5

5.535.475.555.635.53

5.575.545.425.445.43

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

66.469.467.961.955.4

54.450.446.438.939.4

39.938.941.946.446.4

47.449.967.944.440.9

42.447.950.950.449.4

48.446.945.446.445.4

46.951.454.456.459.9

74.881.478.975.669.5

65.560.957.746.146.3

46.946.54954.153.9

54.157.377.35250.2

51.156.161.462.361.3

59.658.457

56.855.8

575960.86466.8

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

4745.243.942.641.3

38.737.43734.835.2

37.836.137.836.534.4

34.434.436.534.433

33.534.433.934.434.4

36.1333231.230

2828.127.727.727.8

37.634.83330.427.4

24.622.521.226.823.5

26.327.128.131.230.4

32.233.535.327.430.2

30.931.428.428.126.8

24.623.527.128.128.4

27.430.732.53334.5

114

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

2.612.792.121.811.59

1.370.730.930.74

0.51

0.490.490.731.020.9

0.981.142.170.290.22

0.310.390.50.520.39

0.340.40.310.230.39

0.36

0.591.161.131.25

0.38O.38O.38O.38O.38

O.38O.38<0.380.38

O.38

O.38O.38O.38O.38O.38

O.38O.38O.38O.38O.38

O.38O.38O.38O.38O.38

0.38O.38O.38O.38O.38

0.38

O.38O.38O.38O.38

77.47775.171.968.4

63.959.858.152.3

51.4

51.349.748.751.250.9

49.652.457.244.441.5

40.840.442.444.644.8

43.543.138.137.336.4

35.5

34.734.635.736.4

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

43.953.753.148.138

31.325.522.4

9.89

8

8.610.613.822.724

24.929.152.318.918.2

1923.629.8

30.228.6

24.624.523.523.924.4

24.8

28.131.135.338.5

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

98.9105104102100

9791.5

9384.7

83

83.680.679.687.286.6

8691.7

10788.987.2

86.190.198

10099.6

9796.494.391.993.1

92.5

9598.6

104107

ANC (ueq/L)

89

1298

101187

8

118977

7766

<4

5<4<4<4<4

71087

10

810887

Silica, dissolved (nmoI/L)

71.976.280.182.984.4

87.68989.785.484.4

7975.87370.165.9

63.764.170.582.677.6

77.6n.a.

76.578.782.6

83.786.581.576.274

72.6

66.963.461.662.7

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-32.5-32.5-32.5-36

-38.5

-38

-39.5-39.5-38.5-40.5

-38.5-36.5-35-35-31

-31.5-31

-32.5-41-44

^3.5-43-42

-41.5-42

-43

-42.5-41-40

-39.5

-39

-37.5-34.5-35

-34.5

-6-6.2

-6.35-6.5-6.7

-6.9

-7.05-7.25-7.1

-7.25

-6.95-6.75-6.55-6.25-6

-5.9-5.9

-5.95-7.45-7.55

-7.55-7.55-7.45-7.15-7.4

-7.45-7.5

-7.35-7.4

-7.15

-7.15-6.9-6.9-6.8-6.7

Sample- collection

date

10/11/9010/11/9010/11/9010/11/9010/11/90

10/11/9010/11/9010/11/9010/12/9010/12/90

10/12/9010/13/9010/13/9010/13/9010/13/90

10/13/9010/13/9010/13/9010/18/9010/18/90

10/18/9010/18/9010/18/9010/18/9010/18/90

10/18/9010/19/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

115

Table 15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

10/23/9010/23/90

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/24/9010/24/90

10/24/90

10/24/9010/24/90

10/24/9010/24/90

10/24/9010/24/9010/24/9010/24/9010/24/90

10/25/9011/05/9011/05/90

11/06/9011/06/90

Time

632638647702843

851904

100110261217

12211230133015301730

193021302330

130330

530730930

11301330

15301730193021302330

13022432349

149349

Discharge (L/s)

86.6107122140159

181204345385345

275245217192192

181170

159159149

149140131131114

11410710710799.7

99.719.623.8

23.821.6

Specific conduct­

ance (uS/cm)

2728283035

3535383941

4241424242

4140

393837

3635353433

3232323232

322626

2524

pH (units) i(

Field Laboratory

5.465.495.55.445.33

5.315.254.994.954.81

4.814.814.824.824.84

4.874.874.914.944.96

4.995.015.025.055.05

5.065.085.15.095.09

5.095.265.31

5.355.37

5.365.45.45.295.16

5.165.25.124.964.84

4.794.774.784.784.86

4.854.874.874.94.93

4.944.974.985.015.02

5.045.045.045.055.07

5.085.755.54

5.335.38

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

62.965.465.970.479.8

83.882.894.896.894.3

94.395.895.893.893.3

94.887.8

84.881.878.8

76.876.875.3

72.871.4

69.471.872.873.471.4

72.455.453.4

50.448.4

68.970.671.375.682.2

8382.283.983.982.2

82.28384.78888.8

90.588.88886.383

82.281.480.678.977.3

75.678.978.978.979.8

78.960.463.2

6360.3

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

26.726.926.827.427.9

27.426.626.726.625.8

26.226.426.728.628.4

30.531.431.632.633

33.833.934.334.734

33.334.4333332.6

33.831.631.1

31.130.6

34.535.335.837.640.7

39.639.4

43.545.344.2

43.744.54342.739.1

39.437.6

36.13533.8

33.232.532

3231.2

29.930.228.928.928.4

28.930.733.5

30.228.1

116

Aluminum, total,

dissolved (ueq/L)

1.751.521.562.775.3

5.494.87

33.537.741.5

42.443.241.438.133

31.127.925.623.822.3

21.220.219.418.617.4

16.917.116.316.116.2

169.349.237.897.12

Iron, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38O.38O.38

<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38O.38

3736.636.838.241

40.339.14040.942.4

42.442.543.243.540.3

44.943.943.84443

43.742.544.242.942.8

42.44341.941.841.8

41.337.839.640.139.1

Nitrate, dissolved Gieq/L)

42.844.646.952.459.1

57.956.662.362.862.4

62.563.56877.6

79.3

90.693.194.294.993.2

10590.8

93.390.188.2

86.286.984.383.682.8

80.734.237.6

36.632.6

Sulfate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

110111113121142

142139154166176

177178177

173146

157150143133125

124

118121

116114

112112111111112

111101106104101

ANC (ueq/L)

878

108

88878

<4<4

7<4

7

88876

7

7

76

10

<4<4

765

4<4<4

<4<4

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

60.561.259.559.860.2

59.557.756.65860.2

60.561.263.766.6

69.8

76.278.782.980.884

87.985.8

85.883.784.4

85.185.885.485.885.1

85.882.980.87980.8

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-34-33

-32.5-30.5-30.5

-29-28

-27.5-28

-25.5

-26.5-26.5-28

-30-32

-34

-35.5-37

-38.5-39

-39.5-39

-41

-40.5-40.5

-41.5-42-43

-41.5-41.5

-41

-43.5-43

-43.5-45

-6.55-6.4

-6.45-6.35-5.95

-5.95-5.9

-5.65-5.55-5.5

-5.55-5.55-5.65-5.9

-6.05

-6.3-6.6

-6.65-6.7-6.9

-6.95-7.05

-7.05-7.05-7.05

-7.2

-7.15-7.15-7.15-7.25

-7.25-7.55-7.45-7.5-7.5

Sample- collection

date

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/24/9010/24/90

10/24/9010/24/90

10/24/9010/24/9010/24/90

10/24/9010/24/9010/24/9010/24/9010/24/90

10/25/9011/05/9011/05/9011/06/9011/06/90

117

Table 15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

11/06/9011/06/9011/06/9012/04/9012/04/90

12/04/9012/04/9001/11/9101/11/9101/11/91

01/12/9101/12/9101/12/9101/12/9101/12/91

01/16/9101/16/9101/16/9101/16/9101/16/91

01/16/9101/16/9101/16/91

01/16/9101/16/91

01/16/9101/16/9101/16/9101/17/9101/17/91

01/17/9103/04/9103/04/9103/04/9103/04/91

Time

549749949345421

621821

201820432243

43443843

12431643

243443544629706

9061106130615061706

184420442244

44244

444215250402417

Discharge (L/s)

21.621.621.631.136.9

36.933.933.940.140.1

36.936.933.933.933.9

36.936.943.551.159.7

74.869.564.4

64.469.5

80.586.686.692.999.7

99.721.62631.136.9

Specific conduct­

ance (uS/cm)

24

23232525

2828242325

2426262627

2526272626

2627282630

2931303232

3225262626

pH (units) ic

Field Laboratory

5.365.375.395.635.7

5.725.725.475.445.43

5.455.455.455.485.46

5.595.555.525.515.49

5.485.475.455.465.44

5.425.415.355.375.35

5.365.815.615.545.55

5.275.365.385.585.77

5.685.745.575.515.52

5.545.565.545.525.51

5.745.65.575.535.51

5.55.46

5.475.495.48

5.515.445.485.435.41

5.435.825.75.655.68

Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, lissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (ueq/L) (neq/L) (ueq/L)

46.444.943.453.956.4

59.458.952.948.956.9

55.951.453.962.451.4

59.459.459.959.960.9

62.965.966.9

66.968.4

69.472.871.873.875.3

75.358.457.454.958.4

60.359.158.46468

72.472.462.762.169.3

69.769.869.677.369.8

6971.471.571.571.6

73.277.379.8

80.681.4

8386.38889.691.3

90.558.762.564.365

29.7313031.631.6

31.131.327.826.828.3

28.42829.132.729.6

3231.432.33129.7

29.4

29.830.3

30.731.4

30.330.43030.930.2

31.23130.229.528.4

26.326.826.139.940.2

37.837.124.824.826.3

26.625.826.829.927.4

25.626.327.928.428.1

29.229.929.7

30.230.7

30.230.730.430.930.4

31.227.128.428.928.6

118

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

6.676.676.569.019.67

7.897.125.674.896.56

6.562.674.458.014.34

5.676.347.348.128.45

9.7810.110.610.79.9

11.311.811.9

12.212

12.36.346.897.568.12

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.380.38<0.38<0.38

<0.380.380.38O.38O.38

O.38O.380.38O.38O.38

O.38O.38O.38O.380.38

O.38O.38O.38O.380.38

3938.438.339.839.2

40.642.235.934.734.8

35.837.438.53939.2

40.540.740.23937.9

36.436.837.838.540.3

39.840.440.741.242.1

42

37.53937.636.4

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

30.327.229.630.732.9

44.4

40.640.445.842.4

41.942.443.343.944.9

48.15151.15049.4

49.150.4

50.952.956.7

58.262.766.369.272.3

73.336.740.439.438.9

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

101107101110115

12013096.999.3

106

108111112114115

104109112111106

112120123125131

129132133134134

13396.4

104105106

ANC (ueq/L)

<4<4<4<4<4

<4<4<4<4<4

<4<4<4<4<4

<4<4<4<4<4

<4<4<4<4<4

<4<4<4<4<4

<4<4<4

11<4

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

82.284.481.971.270.5

73.375.575.8

11070.8

74.47983.383.782.2

81.179.976.472.770.6

67.270.771.772.473.8

73.873.775.775.774.9

77.37170.367.866.1

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-43.5-46

46-38-36

-36.5-38.5-47.54849.5

4947.548.546.546.5

4545.543.54343

43444443.543.5

44.544.54444.543.5

4545.543.543.544

-7.6

-7.65-7.65-6.95-6.95

-6.95-7

-8.15-8.3-8.2

-8.15-8-7.9-7.8-7.9

-7.65-7.65-7.55-7.55-7.6

-7.6

-7.75-7.65

-7.65-7.55

-7.7-7.6

-7.55-7.5

-7.55

-7.4-7.6-7.5

-7.65-7.55

Sample- collection

date

11/06/9011/06/9011/06/9012/04/9012/04/90

12/04/9012/04/9001/11/9101/11/9101/11/91

01/12/9101/12/9101/12/9101/12/9101/12/91

01/16/9101/16/9101/16/9101/16/9101/16/91

01/16/9101/16/9101/16/9101/16/9101/16/91

01/16/9101/16/9101/16/9101/17/9101/17/91

01/17/9103/04/9103/04/9103/04/9103/04/91

119

Table 15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

03/04/9103/04/9103/04/9103/04/9103/04/91

03/04/9103/04/9103/04/9103/05/9103/05/91

03/05/9103/23/9103/23/9103/23/9103/23/91

03/23/9103/23/9103/23/9103/24/9103/24/91

03/24/9103/24/9103/24/9103/25/9105/06/91

05/06/9105/06/91

05/07/9106/16/9106/16/91

06/17/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/91

Specific conduct-

Time

435509709844

1044

124416442044

244444

844943

101610381059

125914591900301701

110219022303

3041621

16441824

94720332056

1726351355357359

Discharge (L/s)

43.551.151.143.540.1

36.936.936.936.940.1

40.133.943.551.159.7

65.757.257.257.2

60.9

65.765.770.765.722.6

25.622.6

11.93.544.67

3.545.417.42

11.915

ance (uS/cm)

2627292929

2929292828

2826262626

3030303030

3029292924

2425

242630

1823222224

pH (units) i<

Field Laboratory

5.535.535.55.55.5

5.495.55.495.55.51

5.525.615.585.565.55

5.495.475.445.385.43

5.485.515.545.545.49

5.65.585.595.455.53

5.445.465.475.445.45

5.645.645.585.565.56

5.575.6

5.565.615.61

5.645.675.645.625.6

5.525.495.435.435.44

5.495.585.615.615.15

5.465.54

5.655.665.79

5.545.685.655.655.64

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (neq/L)

56.959.465.466.467.4

64.461.9

61.958.457.4

56.961.457.957.459.4

67.968.467.462.463.9

61.961.459.460.945.9

45.450.4

50.448.946.4

32.437.938.939.439.4

67.469.378.178.978.9

78.978.177.375.673.2

72.464.365.466.967.7

78.179.880.677.379

77.375.774.875.756.2

55.864.6

62.851.953.6

38.840.94141.742.1

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

2929.529.828.829.4

30.130.8

31.331.832.4

32.229.729.328.927.3

28.629.23031.832.3

32.333.73333.830.2

2829.9

29.534.633.4

3228.527.927.827.2

30.231.43331.230.7

30.430.7

30.229.229.4

29.228.929.729.929.4

32.732.231.23131

30.730.429.929.727.1

26.126.6

2360.470.1

16.451.451.249.456.3

120

Aluminum, total,

dissolved (neq/L)

9.2310.210.28.98.23

7.787.787.456.786.34

6.237.127.898.99.9

11.110.39.98.347.56

7.236.896.676.567.89

5.785.113.78

19.920.1

5.5611.111.812.614.8

Iron, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (ueq/L)

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

35.735.335.636.236.9

37.338.639.232.239.3

38.835.73131.631.8

32.729.736.137.738.7

38.338.639.238.637.8

35.333.436.241

39.4

38.937.13532.735

Nitrate, dissolved (neq/L)

39.140.646.248.548.2

48.149.251.640.349.1

49.641.438.440.141.7

47.941.948.95154.6

54.355.1

5655.431.4

31.832.429.9

2.282.91

1.772.355.888.03

10.6

Sulfate, dissolved (neq/L)

106112125128129

12912712697.4

117

11410699.1

103110

124112134125124

118113

11111096.9

95.791.792.395.292.2

7991.890.890.194.4

ANC(neq/L)

<4<4<4

9<4

<4<4<4

1010

<4

11121111

1110131212

13<4

9<4<4

<4<4<4

7

7

<4

6666

Silica, dissolved Gimol/L)

63.461.663.465.867.2

7173.375.27878.2

81.171.869.766.764.3

67.166.871.474.877.9

77.58080.179.873.3

69.173.380.191.583.3

90.978.472.672.269.4

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-44.5-45.5 46.5-46.5-46

-46

-45.5-44.5-44

-44.5

-44-44-45

n.a.-46

-44.5-46

-44.5-43.5-44

-43

-43.5

-43.5-44

-42.5

-42

-40-43

-42

-42.5

-44.5-41-40-40-40

-7.65-7.7

-7.85-7.8

-7.85

-7.8

-7.65-7.7-7.5-7.6

-7.6

-7.55-7.55n.a.

-7.65

-7.75-7.75-7.65-7.55-7.5

-7.55-7.6-7.5

-7.55-7.6

-7.6

-7.65-7.7

-7.65-7.6

-7.85-7.4-7.2-7.2

-7.25

Sample- collection

date

03/04/9103/04/9103/04/9103/04/9103/04/91

03/04/9103/04/9103/04/9103/05/9103/05/91

03/05/9103/23/9103/23/9103/23/9103/23/91

03/23/9103/23/9103/23/9103/24/9103/24/91

03/24/9103/24/91

03/24/9103/25/9105/06/91

05/06/9105/06/9105/07/9106/16/9106/16/91

06/17/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/91

121

Table 15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93~Continued

Sample- collection

date

06/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/91

06/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/91

06/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/9106/18/9107/02/9107/02/9107/02/91

07/02/9107/02/9107/02/9107/02/9107/02/91

08/09/9108/09/9108/09/9108/09/9108/09/91

08/09/9108/09/9108/09/9108/09/9108/09/91

Time

401404407410415

418420425427432

435438441512523

531541

145217011704

17081718192120262350

18531859190219041906

19081910191319512021

Discharge (L/s)

18.122.627.229.734.2

39.853.860.970.794.4

116142161142124

101884.086.238.78

11.91511.98.786.23

2.263.174.677.42

11.9

16.519.624.121.218.1

Specific conduct­

ance (uS/cm)

2525252425

2728282829

2829283030

2930383129

292922

n.a.n.a.

2523232425

2526272927

pH (units) ic

Field Laboratory

5.435.515.555.595.57

5.555.555.565.525.53

5.525.515.525.43

5.38

5.385.374.675.325.41

5.45.455.685.755.82

5.485.555.545.535.49

5.515.535.525.51

5.5

5.695.655.665.855.79

5.675.785.635.575.6

5.655.555.585.415.49

5.435.485.345.65.65

5.675.665.835.745.8

5.85.755.755.785.64

5.595.655.545.515.46

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

40.439.439.938.942.9

45.445.448.449.951.9

52.451.951.959.4

62.9

63.964.44041.938.9

39.438.431.932.430.4

39.432.134.737.638.8

38.939.138.543.144.1

43.842.843.74445.8

48.850.152.45354.3

54.953.153.963.265.2

65.867.643.338.840.1

42.943.140.740.837.1

31.231.733.637.237.8

40.241.541.951.352.7

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

27.126.625.825.925.8

24.625.525.324.424.2

24.222.923.924.124.6

2526.233.231.430.5

30.831.332.832.932.4

27.4

25.824.623.925.1

24.72524.729.431.4

65.267.565.267.873.4

768081.377.777

76.772.473.461.658.6

56.855.856.460.154.5

55.259.838.433.526.8

41.7

38.837.9

39.541.3

40.241.242.641.836.7

122

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

16.616.818.818.920.3

2322.724.525.224.8

23.923.623.8

22.221.6

20.92022.615.812.1

13135.234.113.67

4.674.674.5655.78

5.675.565.456.234.89

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

1.79<0.38<0.38

O.38O.38

O.38O.38

6.092.51

O.38

O.38O.38O.38O.38O.38

1.070.750.820.651.18

1.651.221.541.251.15

32.725.328.729.328.8

28.827.12722.226.4

25.423.425.323.426.6

2627.138.235.535.4

34.63435.135.838.2

27.825.824.821.324.5

26.122.824.32526.3

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

11.110.18.347.61

12.5

16.119.520.51823.1

25.52729.844.350.3

49.250.5O.45

3.581.59

1.852.21.951.782.04

13.614.816.617.423.9

23.723.425.132.834.4

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

97.879.190.793.396.7

95.910010183.3

102

10396.8

104103114

11311687.686.287.9

89.890.687.886.682.6

73.975.674.966.878.5

77.477.384.288.184.8

ANC (ueq/L)

78966

<4<4<4<4<4

<4<4<4<4<4

<4<4

222525

24

89

107

<4<4<4

<4

4

<4<4<4<4<4

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

66.361.155.957.653.2

50.249.946.844.945.6

44.141.941.9

4344.4

44.343.99280.483.1

85.3

80.285.894.692

84.477.672.670.7

70.3

70.665.164.270.476.8

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-39-39-38-38

-37.5

-37

-36.5-36-36-37

-36

-36.5-36.5-36-36

-36-38-45

-40.5-42

-42-41

-41.5-43.5-43.5

-39.5-38-38

-37.5

-36.5

-36.5-34.5-34.5-34.5-37

-7.2-7.1-7.1-7

-6.85

-6.75-6.75-6.8

-6.85-6.85

-6.8

-6.75-6.65-6.7-6.8

-6.85-6.85-7.5-7.2-7.2

-7.25-7

-7.25-7.45-7.5

-7.1-6.8

-6.65-6.8

-6.65

-6.75-6.7-6.5

-6.65-6.7

Sample- collection

date

06/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/91

06/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/91

06/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/91

06/18/9106/18/9107/02/9107/02/9107/02/91

07/02/91

07/02/9107/02/9107/02/9107/02/91

08/09/9108/09/9108/09/9108/09/9108/09/91

08/09/9108/09/9108/09/9108/09/9108/09/91

123

Table 15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

08/09/9108/09/9108/09/9108/09/9108/10/91

08/19/9108/19/9108/19/9108/19/9108/19/91

08/20/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/91

09/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/91

09/04/9109/04/91

09/04/9109/04/9109/04/91

09/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/91

09/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/91

Time

2107213922112311

115

19231932193919502234

8141513152415261530

15391559160416071620

16531706

173418251915

21142117212121252129

21352140214621552310

Discharge (L/s)

1511.97.425.414.08

1.421.982.553.172.55

1.71.271.562.262.83

3.544.677.42

10.213.4

10.27.425.414.083.17

4.085.418.78

11.915

18.121.224.128.424.1

Specific conduct­

ance (uS/cm)

2626262524

2426242622

2134282728

3033333333

3332

312826

2525262626

2626272831

pH (units) i(

Field Laboratory

5.525.535.545.565.58

5.545.695.745.765.75

5.755.165.335.315.22

5.225.165.165.15.15

5.175.19

5.175.25.24

5.245.245.25.215.19

5.25.225.215.185.22

5.365.495.515.485.43

5.345.355.395.485.33

5.365.95.465.865.45

5.685.285.495.25.44

5.245.44

5.315.455.5

5.425.365.515.15.76

5.285.625.655.585.42

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

41.139.44038.534.6

41.14135.136.131.8

30.162.346.644.749

54.961.262.465.467.9

71.464.562.556.652.4

4950.951.450.753.3

52.854.254.757.566

50.949.949.849.644.4

3539.538.14239

35.653.650.450.951.1

58.564.763.967.773.1

80.576.473.767.763.8

54.75757.455.457

57.15958.16273.5

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

31.632.432.232.131.5

30.128.927.829.830.2

27.133.43434.234.4

35.535.133.434.434.9

37.737.8

37.337.237.1

30.331.2312928.8

28.427.426.126.630.5

29.928.326.223.620.3

24.623.1

2222.613.2

21.755.241.735.333.7

38.248.94443.145.2

4238.534.227.823.7

31.63231.933.234.4

3637.138.54240

124

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

3.56

3

3.11

3

2.56

4.56

5

4.11

4.23

2.78

4.34

10

7.67

7.55

8.56

9.67

12

12.5

13.1

13.7

12.3

5.6

5

4.6

3.89

5.67

6

6.34

6.45

7.23

7.23

7.45

7.56

8.45

7.12

0.97

1

1

0.43

<0.38

<0.38

0.64

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

0.8

<0.38

O.38

O.38

O.38

O.38

0.38

0.38

0.5

0.5

0.4

1.2

0.4

0.8

0.1

0.3

0.6

0.9

0.4

0.9

0.9

1.1

0.8

1.9

0.9

32.9

29.4

31

29.5

32.1

34.8

32.9

31.9

33.6

31.2

27.9

46.1

41.7

40.3

38.2

42.3

39.1

38.5

37.8

37.2

38

38.5

36.9

32.9

29.4

28.6

26.7

26.3

31.4

23.6

26.6

25.9

26.5

26.6

28.8

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

34.7

36

36.9

30.6

24.4

17.2

16.1

18.7

23.5

18.2

14.3

43.5

36.3

36.6

35.8

44.7

46.9

51.551.5

51.6

57.3

55.5

55.1

42.5

31.7

33.3

31.8

31.3

37.4

30.7

34.3

33.8

34.7

38.4

65.3

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

81.6

79.6

80.8

72.8

72

85.8

85.4

84.1

89.2

72.7

74.2

137

108

104

99.2

116

127

127

126

132

129

119

121

102

97.9

98.9

94

93.2

99.2

91.8

88.4

83.4

85.3

86.2

106

ANC (ueq/L)

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

6

6

<4

<4

<A

<A

6

<4

<4

4<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

<4

4

7

7

6

6<4

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

80.9

85.1

86.3

88.3

93.3

87.7

80.8

83.3

89.9

87.7

75.3

85.3

90.6

90.5

90.6

88.6

79

76.877.8

76.5

81

81.6

85.1

88

89.1

77.2

76

75.6

71.4

71.3

67.7

65.2

64.5

60.9

69.8

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-38

-39.5

-41.5-41

-41.5

-45.5 44

-45.5-45

-43.5

-47.5-41

-41.5-41

-41.5

-41

-40

-38.5

-38.5

-37.5

-38.5-37

-39

-39.5-41

-39.5-39

-39

-38.5-38

-39

-38.5-39

-41

-39.5

-6.95

-7.05

-7.05-7.1

-7.3

-7.8

-7.7

-7.7

-7.7

-7.75

-8

-7.15

-7.25

-7.35

-7.35

7.3

-6.95-6.9

-7

-6.9

-7

-7.05-7.1

-7.15

-7.25

-7

-7

-7.05

-6.95

-7.05

-6.95

-7.05

-7.05-7.2

-7.25

Sample- collection

date

08/09/91

08/09/91

08/09/91

08/09/91

08/10/91

08/19/91

08/19/91

08/19/91

08/19/91

08/19/91

08/20/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/9109/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

09/04/91

125

Table 15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93~Continued

Sample- collection

date

09/18/9109/18/9109/18/9109/18/9109/18/91

09/18/9109/18/9109/18/9109/18/9109/19/91

09/19/9103/06/9203/07/92

03/07/9203/07/92

03/07/9203/07/9203/07/9203/07/9203/07/92

03/09/92

03/09/9203/10/9204/21/9204/21/92

04/21/9204/21/9204/21/9204/21/9204/21/92

04/21/9204/21/9207/24/9207/25/9207/25/92

Time

161416201628

18202038

2108212121412258

41

3512118

226

341509

545600616646823

216

1201301

14501531

16171739175418301904

192819571215

137142

Discharge (L/s)

1.421.73.175.413.17

4.671524.129.724.1

8.7822.627.2

29.732.6

3643.953.860.970.7

60.9

53.843.924.132.6

57.288

142206310

454561

8.7811.915

Specific conduct­

ance (uS/cm)

2625232623

2426293135

2929293132

3132323235

30

2929

2627

2830303333

3436192020

pH (units) i(

Field Laboratory

5.135.225.2

5.165.22

5.175.165.15.115.11

5.156.025.825.85.7

5.665.625.595.555.51

5.57

5.56

5.525.395.55

5.485.415.455.35.26

5.215.115.315.325.3

5.174.935.195.175.48

5.325.275.225.225.17

5.375.516.066.095.68

5.695.75.485.485.4

5.57

5.455.47

5.275.51

5.395.45.345.345.22

5.225.155.395.335.24

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

54.151.144.4

49.542.6

45.550.5

n.a.66.771.8

57.366.672.675.176.3

77.877.577.982.390.2

70.6

68.368.158.461.1

66.173.5

71.380.383.8

88.692.343.543.744

37.538.939.7

5046.2

46.150.3

n.a.66.475

63.884.291.5

9291.6

92.892.491.998.3

104

83.7

80.9

81.473.174.2

78.484.78086.587.1

89.289.644.349.448.8

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

2726.728.130.532

27.826.4

n.a.24.929.2

31.130.330.229.729.3

28.928.527.728.328.5

33.8

32.4

32.230.228.6

27.427.124.424.122.8

22.921.628.127.125

38.135.822.925.216.3

2731.3

n.a.38.135.4

25.532.434.435.837

38.539.541.441.245.6

34.1

31.2

29.932.234.4

37.139.539.545.345.8

48.247.713.62020.9

126

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

5.456.344.895.63.7

64.67n.a.9.127.89

5.235.786.347.238.78

9.6710.11112.213.8

6.565.78

5.238.12

10.2

13.51515.621.723.1

25.729.9

8.129.129.9

0.6111.251.04

<0.38

<0.380.4n.a.0.21

<0.38

<0.380.790.51.070.79

0.390.070.650.570.36

0.39<0.38

0.040.360.25

0.50.320.610.430.79

0.640.970.04

<0.38<0.38

26.829.629.228.431.3

26.323.223.222.223.3

29.937.7

40.138.738.7

37.738.734.637.439.3

42.241.6

42.434.734.1

33.133.33030.629.9

28.929.131.328.426.2

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

28.733.428.834.230.9

31.242.142.151.157.4

46.835.8

3939.139.2

38.839.636.639.840.8

48.247.6

4726.630

32.736.73136.835.2

34.6

3313.114.915.2

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

87.492.585.190.782.6

87.872.561.8

109100

103125140143148

150153144159176

131125

127107117

123136123150156

16517483

10482.4

Silica, ANC dissolved

(ueq/L) (umol/L)

<4

7455

<4<4<4<4<4

<4<4

6

7<4

<A<4<4<4<4

<4

<4

<4

7.948.44

8.195.757.677.22.22

0.640.110.36

-1.1

-1.25

75.673.680.373.884.1

69.666.462.55767.7

80.569.872.270.768.5

65.964.762.863.861.8

80.983.2

81.768.262.7

58.555.551.251.747.7

47.246.7827572.9

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-38

-38.5-40.5-37.5-40

-35

-33.5-32-29-30

-33.5-43

-44.5-44.5-45

-45.5-45

-45.5-46

-45.5

-44

-44.5-43-42

-40.5

-39.5-39-39

-40.5-41.5

-41.5-43

n.a.-43.5-43

-6.75-6.85-7.15-6.9

-7.25

-6.75-6.45-6.2-5.8-5.9

-6.45-7.45-7.6

-7.65-7.7

-7.7

-7.75-7.7-7.8-7.9

-7.7

-7.65-7.7

-7.25-7

-6.85-6.85-6.8-7

-7.15

-7.3-7.3

n.a.-7.2

-7.35

Sample- collection

date

09/18/9109/18/9109/18/9109/18/9109/18/91

09/18/9109/18/9109/18/9109/18/9109/19/91

09/19/9103/06/9203/07/9203/07/9203/07/92

03/07/9203/07/9203/07/9203/07/9203/07/92

03/09/9203/09/92

03/10/9204/21/9204/21/92

04/21/9204/21/9204/21/9204/21/9204/21/92

04/21/9204/21/9207/24/9207/25/9207/25/92

127

Table 15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/19/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

Time

154

159

205

213

218

222

225

228

232

235

238

241

245

249

253

2047

2051

2052

2054

2056

2058

2100

2104

2157

2207

2218

2237

2256

2329

115

1916

2000

2032

2121

2137

Discharge (L/s)

22.6

25.6

28.4

32.6

36

43.9

53.8

60.9

70.7

88

108

124

151

171

194

8.78

13.4

18.1

21.2

25.6

29.7

32.6

36

32.6

29.7

27.2

24.1

21.2

18.1

15

19.6

22.6

25.6

28.4

31.1

Specific conduct­

ance (uS/cm)

21

21

22

22

21

22

22

23

23

23

24

24

25

26

26

23

22

22

22

23

23

24

24

27

26

26

27

26

25

24

22

23

24

25

25

pH (units)<

Field Laboratory

5.32

5.34

5.36

5.34

5.36

5.36

5.36

5.35

5.35

5.36

5.33

5.31

5.3

5.28

5.26

5.2

5.29

5.29

5.2

5.23

5.16

5.18

5.21

5.15

5.17

5.18

5.19

5.19

5.24

5.3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

5.32

5.3

5.3

5.19

5.39

5.44

5.5

5.34

5.34

5.3

5.33

5.36

5.34

5.25

5.33

5.27

5.32

5.26

5.28

5.19

5.21

5.22

5.19

5.14

5.08

5.15

5.13

5.16

5.17

5.21

5.45

5.42

5.39

5.34

5.34

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

44.7

47

49.5

52.3

53.2

54.5

54.9

53.6

56.5

56

59.4

60.4

62.9

n.a.

67.4

47.7

43.1

43

41.8

44.2

46.3

45.8

47.6

57.7

57.2

57.2

56.8

55.3

54.4

49.6

53.6

58.4

59.7

66.4

66.5

50.1

51.7

54.6

55.5

56.6

57.3

58.7

57.3

58.8

57.9

60.3

62.3

63.5

n.a.

67.7

4344

44.6

44.5

45

47.3

47.6

49.5

65.1

66.1

66.3

67.6

66.2

67.1

61.6

69.5

73.6

73.8

82.1

81.1

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

23.7

23.9

23.8

23

22.9

21.8

22.2

21.8

21.4

21.2

21.2

21.7

20.9

n.a.

20.9

22.1

21.3

21.1

20.2

19.4

18.6

17.9

17.6

22.8

22.7

23.2

25.1

25.4

26.3

26.3

29

28.3

27

28.1

27.4

22

22.9

24.1

25.1

25.1

27.3

26.8

26.4

27.6

27

28.6

29.4

29.2

n.a.

32.5

28.2

25.2

23.2

24

25.6

27.6

26.6

29

27.4

25.5

26.3

20.7

18.2

18

16.3

32.9

35.5

39.1

39

39.2

128

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

11.8

13.7

15.8

18

18.6

18.6

19.6

19.1

20.8

20.8

22.6

23.2

23.9

n.a.

26.7

7.12

8.78

8.78

9.9

9.12

10.3

1.12

12.9

13.7

12.9

12.5

10

9.78

7.67

7

12.2

16.7

18.5

15.7

18.6

<0.38

<0.38

0.39

0.18

0.04

0.54

0.64

0.180.64

0.79

0.72

0.29

0.39

n.a.

0.32

0.59

0.59

0.75

0.64

0.86

1.13

0.48

0.81

1.34

1.5

1.5

0.43

0.7

0.59

0.81

0.81

0.75

1.45

0.32

0.48

24.6

23.4

22.5

20.4

23.1

22.2

22.4

20.6

19.2

22.1

20.7

20.7

21.8

19.7

20.3

28.9

28.7

27.6

26.5

24.9

23.2

22.2

21.2

25.8

25.4

24.8

26.5

28

28.8

31.2

35.8

36.6

42.3

33.9

38.2

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

16.6

17

18.4

17.3

22.3

22.2

22.8

22.6

21.8

26.7

25.5

27.1

32.2

30

29.6

11.9

16.9

17.7

19.1

21.5

23.8

24.3

26.3

41

29.6

38.7

39

38.7

39

30

22.5

28.8

32.6

34.8

42.1

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

85.7

85.3

86.2

78.1

93.3

91.8

94.2

89.3

84.1

95.9

96.4

98

179

101

101

95.6

94.4

89.7

90.5

93.2

95.7

93.3

94.8

102

98.9

94.3

98.2

100

104

102

112

121

125

126

136

Silica, ANC dissolved

(ueq/L) (umol/L)

-0.59

-0.45

0.28

2.49

8

8.3

12.8

4.46

5.43

13

11.1

4.52

4.41

-0.49

5.35

4.04-3.9

-3.4

-3.22

-4.65

^.78-2.8

-5.55-7.2

-6.72

-6.55

-7.44

-8.04

-7.18

-7.15

0

0.56

0.38

-0.78

-0.41

65.4

62.4

61.4

60.4

58.5

58.4

56.8

54.9

54.6

55.2

53.5

54.1

53.5

n.a.

50.6

72.4

72.2

70.9

68.7

63.2

57.8

55.1

53.9

68.1

69

70.4

72.6

74

76.4

80.6

78.7

77.3

75.6

74

72.7

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

^3.5

^4.5

^3.5

^4.5

^4.5

^5.5

^4.5

^5.5 44

45.5

-45

44

44.5

44.5-43.5

-47 49-41-4S-49

-50

49

49

48-48

47.5-41

46.5 41.5 46

41

n.a.

-38.6

n.a.

-37.2

-7.25

-7.45-7.3

-7.3

-7.35

-7.3

-7.3

-7.45

-7.35

-7.25

-7.3

-7.3

-7.35

-7.25-7.2

-7.9

-8

-7.95

-7.95

-7.95

-8

-7.85-7.9

-7.75

-7.75

-7.7

-7.75

-7.85-7.7

-7.65

-7.41

n.a.

-7.22

n.a.

-6.99

Sample- collection

date

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/9207/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

07/25/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/18/92

08/19/92

11/02/92

1 1/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

129

Table 15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/03/92

11/03/92

11/03/92

11/03/92

11/03/92

11/03/92

11/03/92

11/03/92

11/03/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/11/92

12/11/92

12/11/92

12/11/92

12/11/92

12/11/92

12/11/92

12/11/92

Time

2156

2205

2218

2231

2249

2256

2305

2311

2320

2336

21

102

142

148

349

430

454

542

633

2319

2326

2331

2336

2341

2348

2353

2358

3

7

12

21

145

239

700

752

Discharge (L/s)

34.2

43.9

54.8

62.3

70.6

79.6

89.6

100

112

132

147

162

180

198

180

162

147

132

112

34

39.2

48.1

54.8

62.3

70.6

79.6

94.9

106

119

139

154

171

189

212

244

Specific conduct­

ance (uS/cm)

26

26

27

27

28

28

28

28

29

30

31

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

24

24

23

23

22

22

22

23

22

22

22

24

28

30

32

34

pH (units) <c

Field Laboratory

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

5.39

5.41

5.41

5.42

5.42

5.41

5.4

5.41

5.41

5.42

5.4

5.35

5.19

5.14

5.03

5.02

5.34

5.31

5.31

5.29

5.27

5.24

5.245.21

5.2

5.15

5.08

5.04

5.01

4.96

4.92

4.89

4.89

4.89

4.9

5.74

5.53

5.48

5.48

5.48

5.45

5.5

5.43

5.4

5.43

5.42

5.36

5.21

5.11

4.97

4.99

Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, lissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

73.7

74

74.6

78

79.1

82.9

79.6

82.3

85.3

86.1

92.8

93.1

91.4

89.1

91.4

88.3

84.5

83.1

81

56.4

51.4

48.9

46.9

45.9

47.9

48.9

47.4

46.9

48.4

45.4

49.9

59.9

67.9

71.9

69.9

88

86.6

87.1

90.8

90.3

94.8

90.2

92.3

97.4

94.6

100

97.3

94.2

90.4

89.3

87.6

83.4

82.9

81

57.8

58.4

57.2

56.2

55.6

55.9

54.3

54.2

54.1

55.4

53.9

57.3

66.4

71.4

75.7

74.9

28.1

27.4

26.8

26.2

25.4

25.6

23.7

23.724.4

23.4

23.4

23.1

22

21.9

21.1

20.9

20.6

21.2

21.4

28.2

25.8

24.7

23.8

23.1

22.8

22.4

22.1

21.8

21.3

22.1

21.5

21.5

20.7

21.2

22

39.4

40

42.3

41.3

43.2

44.2

33.4

46

43.6

46.1

45.1

43.4

43.1

43.2

41.3

41.7

44

39.4

39.7

27.9

27.4

27.6

27.6

27.6

27.6

27.9

28.4

29.2

29.2

30.7

30.7

33

33.2

35.3

36.3

130

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

16.717.9

18.718.217.9

2225.121.723.630

29.833.733.935.439.1

37.638.638.636.6

7.45

7.568.018.678.89

10.6

10.811.61212.613.2

14.62224.929.230.2

0.70.480.480.810.97

1.721.071.660.811.34

1.290.590.910.750.16

0.430.750.811.13

<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38O.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

37.438.437.137.936.2

35.435.13335.937.1

37.536.23634.634.9

34.634.834.934.736.2

3432.732.331.230.5

3229.529.628.828.3

28.127.829.330.640

Nitrate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

45.345.44950.454.8

56.258.757.362.567.3

67.464.459.456.644.7

40.539.237.635.827.8

26.626.325.324.724.6

2424.123.423.123.8

2426.427.52829.6

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

136130138140141

146144137149154

164178173168188

19018918718698.5

96.795.494.292.993.1

91.892.992.893.494.1

98.6120137154146

Silica, ANC dissolved

(ueq/L) (umol/L)

-0.41-1.481.933.463.12

1.840.3

-0.470.96

-0.56

-2.39-6.19-5.62-8.21

-11.1

-14

-13.5-14.2-13.5

6.1

-0.64-0.7

-0.390.05

-0.11

0.170.09

-0.68-0.54-1.36

-1.26-6.35-5.74-9.46-4.58

68.166.467.465.263.6

60.961.160.36061.1

60.559.459.259.362.5

63.261.964.966.563.7

61.659.858.454.553

5249.849.147.446.3

45.944.545.650.252

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.-36.7

n.a.-34.9

n.a.

-34.8n.a.

-34.3n.a.

-34

n.a.-31.3

n.a.-32.8

n.a.

-34.1n.a.

-35.3n.a.

-48.5

-48.9-50.3-51.4-51.7-50.8

-51.6-51.4-52.3-52.8-52.9

-52.5-47

-45.6-44.1-43.7

n.a.-6.89n.a.

-6.83n.a.

-6.72n.a.

-6.73n.a.

-6.65

n.a.-6.54n.a.

-6.51n.a.

-6.51n.a.

-6.6

n.a.-8.19

-8.33-8.29-8.17-8.6

-8.58

-8.86-8.89-8.68-8.8

-8.77

-8.69-8.33-7.84-7.49-7.68

Sample- collection

date

11/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/02/92

11/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/02/92

11/03/9211/03/9211/03/9211/03/9211/03/92

11/03/9211/03/9211/03/9211/03/9212/10/92

12/10/9212/10/9212/10/9212/10/9212/10/92

12/10/9212/10/9212/11/9212/11/9212/11/92

12/11/9212/11/9212/11/9212/11/9212/11/92

131

Table 15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

12/11/92

12/12/92

12/12/92

12/12/92

12/12/92

12/12/92

12/12/92

12/13/92

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/05/93

03/05/93

03/05/93

03/06/93

03/06/93

03/27/93

03/27/93

03/27/93

03/27/93

03/28/93

03/28/93

03/28/93

Time

1301

326

649

1008

1539

1916

2316

554

909

928

946

1007

1026

1102

1235

1321

1337

1351

1408

1438

1531

2101

2335

200

531

1201

103

1346

1730

1817

1902

2003

349

607

612

Discharge (L/s)

278

244

212

189

171

154

139

125

25.2

29.3

34

39.2

45

51.4

62.3

70.6

79.6

89.6

100

112

125

112

100

89.6

79.6

70.6

62.3

54.8

162

180

198

228

260

317

361

Specific conduct­

ance (uS/cm)

33

32

31

30

30

30

30

30

33

32

32

33

34

35

36

35

35

34

35

34

35

36

35

35

34

32

30

28

30

31

32

31

32

31

31

pH (units) i(

Field Laboratory

5.01

5.07

5.07

5.11

5.11

5.125.14

5.14

5.4

5.46

5.47

5.53

5.38

5.39

5.22

5.2

5.2

5.25

5.25

5.19

5.2

5.19

5.14

5.15

5.21

5.28

5.35

5.45

5

5.08

5.05

5.03

5.01

5.01

5.03

4.98

5.04

5.04

5.07

5.07

5.07

5.09

5.12

5.35

5.29

5.3

5.28

5.28

5.18

5.13

5.15

5.15

5.13

5.09

5.09

5.07

5.02

5.06

5.07

5.15

5.84

5.25

5.32

5.23

5.16

5.09

5.08

5.05

5

5.03

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

68.4

61.4

61.9

58.9

57.9

57.9

57.9

56.4

69.9

70.4

71.4

69.9

69.9

77.4

78.9

74.9

73.9

75.4

73.4

74.4

76.9

74.9

73.9

71.4

65.9

60.9

56.9

52.4

57.4

59.9

62.4

62.4

61.4

60.9

63.4

73.8

70.2

70.4

69.2

68.2

67.8

68.8

68.2

80.6

82.3

80.6

81.5

80.6

86.4

87.2

83.9

83.1

82.3

81.5

82.3

83.9

84.8

87.2

86.4

83.1

78.2

74.4

69

64.1

64.3

66

64

62.2

60.3

61.8

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

23.5

28.4

27.9

30

30

29.4

31

32

30

27.1

26.8

27.1

25.5

24

23.6

22.5

22.7

21.8

21

21.4

21.4

22.3

23.7

24.8

26.6

28.7

29.5

30.4

27.1

25.7

24.5

24.5

24.4

23.4

23.5

34.5

31.4

29.4

29.9

29.7

28.4

28.9

28.6

34

33.5

34.5

35.6

34.5

34.5

35.6

35.8

36.3

36.3

35.3

36.8

37.1

35.3

34.5

34

33

32.2

29.7

28.7

27.9

28.4

28.7

29.7

29.2

28.1

28.7

132

Aluminum, total,

dissolved (ueq/L)

2821.519.118.316.7

15.61614.9

9.210.3

10.71212.715.120.4

21.622.823.123.926.4

28.125.422.92016.6

13.810.28.01

14.817.5

18.82523.520.120.7

Iron, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

31.836.144.74537.3

32.132.734.232.129.8

29.328.92527.426.5

26.125.424.524.624.5

26.328.325.528.925

22.730.128.93430.5

29.928.226.827.327.8

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

30.232.934.334.335.6

3535.637.452.553.8

54.956.951.457.254.2

51.750.648.149.648.7

46.942.335.338.232.1

29.134.730.435.133.4

33.632.328.229.5

29

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

151141136131129

126126127115116

120121110130114

148

150145149150

157176143152123

102117105130133

138138137137140

Silica, ANC dissolved

(ueq/L) (umol/L)

-10.7-10.3

-8.13-9.2

-8.48

-8.83-11.6-13.6

-0.3-2.9

-2.5-3.4-3.1-4.8-6.6

-6.6

-6.7-7.2-7.5-7.7

-7.9-9.2

-10.3-9.7-7.8

16.1-7.5-8.8-1.4-3.2

-3.7-5.9-5.1-6.3-5.2

58.77374.476.579.4

79.780.582.660.957.3

53.852.349.848.849.8

46.6

4745.24243.1

42.754.858.762.364.8

71.975.873.768.764.1

60.957.758.75858.4

Delta D (per mil)

-44.5^2.5^3.3^2.7^2.3

^2.1-42

-4\.l

-58.3-60.3

-63.6-64.5-65.8-65.7-66.3

-65.7-66.1-65.2-67.8-68

-64.1-60.5-56.9-54.5-54

-51.9^7.2 41

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Delta 18O (per mil)

-7.69-7.35-7.51-7.47-6.34

-7.06-7.1

-7.01-8.94-8.99

-9.67-9.68-9.97-9.49-9.91

-9.86-9.8

-9.34-10.11-10.44

-9.37-9.39-8.62-8.28-8.47

-8.07-7.03-7.69n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

12/11/9212/12/9212/12/9212/12/9212/12/92

12/12/9212/12/9212/13/9203/04/9303/04/93

03/04/9303/04/9303/04/9303/04/9303/04/93

03/04/9303/04/9303/04/9303/04/9303/04/93

03/04/9303/04/9303/04/9303/05/9303/05/93

03/05/9303/06/9303/06/9303/27/9303/27/93

03/27/9303/27/9303/28/9303/28/9303/28/93

133

Table 15. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Bear Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1990-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

03/28/9303/28/9303/28/9303/28/9303/28/93

03/28/9303/29/9303/29/9303/29/9303/29/93

04/16/9304/16/9304/16/9304/16/9304/17/93

Time

624658704712

1714

2152214515

10301516

859911929

22341021

Discharge(L/s)

409463

523624523

463409361317278

62.370.679.689.6

100

Specific conduct­

ance (uS/cm)

3131313033

3233323131

2725262828

pH (units) i(

Field Laboratory

5.025.0155.034.96

4.984.964.9655

5.345.265.45.325.32

5.085.085.085.075

4.944.985.015.035.05

5.495.495.425.335.32

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

62.964.4

61.963.963.4

63.460.459.959.958.9

51.451.950.956.456.4

61.961.95960.460.9

61.359.760.259.959.8

62.261.460.269.571.8

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

22.521.8

22.622.523.8

2526.826.726.927.6

28.52826.82729.1

27.929.4

30.431.230.7

29.430.429.928.928.9

27.427.126.629.429.7

134

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (\ieq/L)

19.9

21.2

21.5

21.9

22

20.6

21.4

20.6

18.9

18.4

7.89

8.45

9.67

11.3

9.34

<0.38

O.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

27.6

27.3

24.7

25.6

26.7

27.7

29

28.5

30.1

31

35.1

34.5

33

30.4

31.4

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

28.8

30.3

27.8

27.8

28.6

32.8

30.6

29.3

29.5

29

29.1

28.7

28.6

27.3

27.4

Sulfate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

140

144

131

136

142

137

140

136

138

136

114

112

111

130

132

Silica, ANC dissolved

(ueq/L) (umol/L)

-5.3

-4.6

-7

-4.27-6.1

-8.83-7.8

-7.12

-6.63-6.3

1.28

1.6

1.3

-0.37

-1.27

57

55.2

53

5360.5

63

63

62.7

64.4

66.2

67.3

64.8

64.1

67.6

73.7

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

Sample- collection

date

03/28/93

03/28/93

03/28/93

03/28/93

03/28/93

03/28/93

03/29/93

03/29/93

03/29/93

03/29/93

04/16/93

04/16/93

04/16/93

04/16/93

04/17/93

135

Table 16. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93

[L/s, liters per second; °C, degrees Celsius; [iS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter, ueq/L, microequivalents per liter, umol/L, micromoles per liter, <, less than; n.a., not analyzed; n.d., not determined]

Sample- collection

date

08/24/8709/30/8710/05/8710/13/8710/20/87

10/27/8711/02/8711/10/8711/17/8711/24/87

12/01/8712/08/8712/15/8712/22/8712/30/87

01/05/8801/12/8801/19/88

01/27/8802/02/88

02/09/8802/16/8802/23/8803/01/8803/08/88

03/15/8803/22/8803/29/8804/05/8804/12/88

04/19/88

04/26/88

Time

14451030163012301130

13151315930

10451000

13001400101510451030

100011151015

11001330

10451000110010001045

11151100110010151145

10151045

Discharge (L/s)

n.d.n.d.1.983.113.11

10.33.116.514.256.51

1713.623.210.810.8

10.810.810.8

21.516.1

17.819.517.817.817.8

16.114.713.312.217.8

16.1

14.7

Tem­ perature

(°C)

1616121012

91210107

87763

22339

45657

66

101210

911

Specific conduct- .

ance (uS/cm)

1917171616

2218222118

2018241716

161618

1818

1618171717

1617181816

16

16

pH (units) (

Labora- < Field tory

6.756.496.576.56n.a.

6.296.516.456.426.35

6.156.316.576.646.55

6.3966.57

6.256.5

6.44

6.396.576.496.54

6.636.176.196.46

6.32

6.36.27

6.937.026.926.826.55

6.46.346.266.376.38

6.196.296.466.36.27

7.216.986.68

6.626.53

6.936.596.766.756.52

6.386.36.346.296.6

5.797.3

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

35.536.838.24053.9

45.952.552.550.348.9

48.739.948.34631.9

24.429.728.2

n.a.40.2

36.546.925.523.549.6

2525.637.925.825.4

27.626

4740.240.535.548.7

41.946.750.25346.4

43.644.843.843.145.1

45.445.752.6

n.a.

50

46.756.646.145.143.1

43.643.847.240.941.3

47.645.4

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

38.457.450.952.255.6

52.252.255.652.230.2

3439.255.627.826.1

50.446.150.4

n.a.48.7

4745.229.64748.7

48.645.246.141.8

39.4

48.743.9

18.426.625.619.423.5

24.826.63633.824.6

23.725.621.926.627.6

24.622.727.6

n.a.27.6

24.626.619.425.623.5

29.729.825.623.121.4

22.624.6

136

Aluminum, Iron, total, total,

dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (neq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

Chloride, dissolved (Meq/L)

5249.353.157.140.9

43.246.748.149.730.6

39.638.436.537.734.2

43.443.742.643.248.7

43.249.846.549.750.9

49.850.250.340.2

47.3

38.5

39

Nitrate, Sulfate, Bicarbonate, dissolved dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

<.45

2.395.24.68

10.9

9.888.180.30.693.88

2.80.39.585.334.6

0.38.148.817.037.17

6.216.436.596.566.76

6.42

6.65.355.05

4.22

5.62

4.05

3736.934.334.947.5

48.344.866.652.238.9

37.436.888.651.548.5

4844.856.348.449.4

52.356.34641.845.2

42.643.644.844.8

48.2

55.740.8

5456545359

6058616062

5664213531

4448424545

4656425048

49495357

50

44

54

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

131131134137128

116119124127123

115119107108108

89113109

n.a.105

10510210110099

99103107100

100

102

101

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

08/24/8709/30/8710/05/8710/13/8710/20/87

10/27/8711/02/8711/10/8711/17/8711/24/87

12/01/8712/08/8712/15/8712/22/8712/30/87

01/05/8801/12/8801/19/8801/27/8802/02/88

02/09/8802/16/8802/23/8803/01/8803/08/88

03/15/8803/22/8803/29/8804/05/88

04/12/88

04/19/8804/26/88

137

Table 16. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

05/03/88

05/10/88

05/17/88

05/24/88

05/31/88

06/07/88

06/14/88

06/21/88

06/27/88

07/06/88

07/12/88

07/19/88

07/28/88

08/02/88

08/09/88

08/16/88

08/23/88

08/30/88

09/06/88

09/13/88

09/19/88

09/27/88

10/04/88

10/11/88

10/18/88

10/25/88

11/01/88

1 1/08/88

11/15/88

11/22/88

11/29/88

12/06/88

12/13/88

12/20/88

12/27/88

Time

1030

1015

1030

1530

1330

1000

1000

1015

1245

1300

1015

1130

1100

1015

1000

1030

1345

1045

1515

945

1300

1000

945

1530

1000

1030

930

1030

1100

1015

1330

1015

1400

1315

1045

Discharge (L/s)

13.3

34

28.3

110

44.9

26

16.1

12.2

9.63

6.51

7.36

5.66

5.1

4.53

3.68

2.26

3.11

3.68

3.11

3.11

3.11

3.68

3.68

1.7

2.55

2.26

3.11

2.55

2.55

3.11

3.68

3.11

3.11

3.11

3.68

Tem­ perature

(°C)

11

13

13

13

15

15

15

18

17

18

19

20

20

21

20

22

19

20

17

18

18

15

16

12

13

10

8.5

9

9

7

7.5

5.5

2

3.5

3.5

Specific conduct- .

ance (uS/cm)

17

18

17

17

16

16

15

16

15

16

25

19

16

17

17

17

15

17

16

16

16

16

16

15

18

16

17

18

19

23

19

16

16

16

20

pH (units) |

Labora- ( Field tory

6.34

6.46

6.22

5.88

5.68

5.84

6.05

6.06

6.05

6.02

5.55

5.89

5.82

5.79

5.84

6.04

5.89

6.06

5.95

5.91

5.76

5.79

5.99

6.36

5.71

5.71

5.68

5.92

5.64

5.53

5.74

5.69

5.81

5.65

5.74

6.67

6.56

6.53

5.93

6.26

6.43

6.76

6.47

7.01

6.91

6.49

6.58

6.47

6.5

6.52

6.63

6.56

6.46

7.19

6.71

6.4

6.39

6.94

6.79

6.64

6.62

6.51

6.41

6.45

6.09

6.12

6.31

6.28

6.08

6.63

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

26.9

28.8

28.7

26.4

21.4

27.9

25.2

33.1

24.5

17.9

44.1

32.4

25.8

26.9

27.4

26.8

25.1

30.7

32.3

26.2

30.9

26.4

26.2

24.2

32.8

28.1

28.3

32.2

32.7

42.2

32.2

26.2

24.4

25.2

33.2

49.5

40.2

42.1

37.6

40.2

40.8

42.4

39.5

39.8

28.6

64.1

45.4

38.3

38.2

41

36

36.8

42.3

38.4

37.7

37.5

36.3

36.5

35

46.7

42

42.7

48.7

51.4

64.8

48.4

39.8

37.6

38.4

53.4

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

45.2

48.7

40.7

39.4

41.7

45.2

45.2

43.5

43.5

44

46.1

43.9

40.6

40

44.4

41.2

37.6

40

39.4

40.4

40.2

39.2

42.7

41.8

44.8

40.8

41.9

43.4

47

43.4

42.4

40.8

41.5

41.9

43.9

23.5

26.6

19.6

24.2

21.5

22.5

20.5

20.5

17.4

17.1

33.8

24.2

17.8

16.6

17.1

15.8

16.3

18.6

17.5

15.8

16.5

15.9

16.3

15.9

20.9

19.8

21.4

24

24.1

27.4

23.7

20.5

19.1

19.5

24.7

138

Aluminum, Iron, total, total,

dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

Chloride, dissolved (ueq/L)

48.148.64840.644.2

42.441.24141.134.1

33.531.437.736.137

35.335.833.934.234.9

35.83434.43235.7

36.839.142.242.847.8

39.835.333.634.3

51

Nitrate, Sulfate, Bicarbonate, dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

4.13.114.83

11.17.26

5.924.516.337.146.24

8.355.584.065.455.19

3.83.871.475.066.33

4.045.123.61<.45

8.71

<45<45<.45

<45<45

<451.935.08

4.55

4.44

40.54440.854.335.3

33.232.235.638.232.9

91.252.231.931.229.7

28.431.341.338.933.3

33.535.734.433.844

44.544.453.859.793.4

67.247.545.344.5

75.4

505055

167

7065555247

4248575558

5056493245

4744495052

4948464341

394239

4541

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

98109109105122

124127130132120

101112119123125

130120120121124

121123122121115

118115116118120

124122122122

119

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

Sample- collection

date

05/03/8805/10/8805/17/8805/24/8805/31/88

06/07/8806/14/8806/21/8806/27/8807/06/88

07/12/8807/19/8807/28/8808/02/8808/09/88

08/16/8808/23/8808/30/8809/06/8809/13/88

09/19/8809/27/8810/04/8810/11/8810/18/88

10/25/8811/01/881 1/08/8811/15/8811/22/88

11/29/8812/06/8812/13/8812/20/88

12/27/88

139

Table 16. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

01/03/8901/10/8901/17/8901/24/8901/31/89

02/07/8902/14/8902/21/8902/28/8903/09/89

03/16/8903/21/8903/29/8904/04/8904/11/89

04/18/8904/24/8905/02/8905/09/8905/16/89

05/23/8905/30/8906/06/8906/13/8906/20/89

06/27/8907/05/8907/11/8907/18/8907/25/89

08/01/8908/08/8908/15/8908/22/8908/29/89

Time

1015104515301015915

1200945

100010001030

140010451100945

1000

15001115103011001445

15451330104511001100

10001600915

10151030

10151015111513001030

Discharge (L/s)

3.685.19.637.366.51

6.518.58.58.59.63

12.214.723.819.516.1

14.7

13.33468

116

53.828.321.516.116.1

17.816.112.212.212.2

10.88.57.365.665.66

Tem­ perature

(°C)

3.53.5535.5

4.53.54.5

32.5

76

11.510.5

7

13.510121011

1213141415

17161715.519.5

17.51718.51817.5

Specific conduct- .

ance (uS/cm)

2022201918

1823201719

1819171716

1717251720

1615161616

1617161719

1918161616

pH (units) (

Labora- < Field tory

5.966.226.266.276.41

6.356.316.37

6.36.26

6.376.296.336.296.39

6.356.45.826.035.8

6.26.346.276.336.29

6.216.156.36.346.42

6.386.466.356.376.23

6.175.635.115.845.99

5.726.456.4

6.286.21

6.356.316.426.376.97

6.486.476.286.296.06

6.636.556.26.316.13

5.495.736.216.16.85

6.666.476.627.546.91

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

3136.231.925.127

26.641.730.126.226.6

32.73025.824.122.9

24.624.445.124.132.9

26.226.425.624.520.2

23.229.124.225.827.8

28.824.427.725.627.4

49.658.651.942.144

44.466.4494345.2

43.949.240.439.237.5

38.338.868.840.953.1

44.643.244.240.536.9

35.242.936.438.741.1

4437.340.937.539.4

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (Ueq/L) (ueq/L)

43.443.540.842.443.4

43.545.241.5

39.239.7

37.138.641.737.338.8

39.73932.237.834

39.640.538.839.239.1

38.837.441.440.842.6

41.340.843.941.843.9

23.425.123.522.123.4

23.328.92521.922.4

22.323.62321.120.2

22.220.929.426.825.4

21.420.819.619.118.2

18.818.719.11918.3

18.316.718.117.818

140

Aluminum, Iron, total, total,

dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Chloride, dissolved (ueq/L)

3537.235.433.534

35.234.933.833.632.6

35.434.836.435.634.6

34.734.530.936.131.5

38.83635.434.636.4

36.235.235.73534.5

33.634.434.133.333

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

4.243.553.528.56.97

6.6614.79.068.137.72

6.6386.227.498.75

4.555.84.68

12.210.2

12.48.616.464.624.88

9.639.018.218.737.88

7.335.217.098.178.02

Sulfate, Bicarbonate, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

66.984.474.752.556.9

58.891.463.756.758.5

56.964.44947.943.1

43.141.8

12055.983.8

39.934.534.633.233.9

34.740.531.934.531.6

35.230.43030.930.2

3636333841

3833403931

3332383536

42421324

12

3740495052

3337464853

5547555157

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

118113108111112

111103105111109

10610510510095

959585

10182

104106102110112

112111114115116

115121120128127

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

01/03/8901/10/8901/17/8901/24/8901/31/89

02/07/8902/14/8902/21/8902/28/8903/09/89

03/16/8903/21/8903/29/8904/04/8904/11/89

04/18/8904/24/8905/02/8905/09/8905/16/89

05/23/8905/30/8906/06/8906/13/8906/20/89

06/27/8907/05/8907/11/8907/18/8907/25/89

08/01/8908/08/8908/15/8908/22/8908/29/89

141

Table 16. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93~Continued

Sample- collection

date

09/05/89

09/12/89

09/14/89

09/19/89

09/26/89

10/03/89

10/10/89

10/18/89

10/24/89

10/31/89

11/07/89

11/14/89

11/21/89

11/29/89

12/04/89

12/18/89

12/27/89

01/02/90

01/09/90

01/16/90

01/23/90

01/30/90

02/06/90

02/13/90

02/20/90

02/27/90

03/06/90

03/13/90

03/21/90

03/27/90

04/03/90

04/10/90

04/17/90

04/25/90

04/30/90

Time

1700

945

1130

1045

1500

1030

1115

1245

1215

1500

945

1000

1315

1145

1545

1530

1430

1345

1415

920

1315

1100

1415

1130

1400

945

1215

1130

1100

1000

1050

1130

1015

1115

1315

Discharge (L/s)

5.1

4.53

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

4.53

6.51

5.1

5.1

4.53

4.53

6.51

5.66

5.66

5.66

5.1

8.5

8.5

6.51

6.51

21.5

16.1

16.1

16.1

17.8

16.1

14.7

16.1

14.7

26

26

23.8

17.8

17.8

Tem­ perature

(°C)

16

18

18

16

14.5

15

10

14.5

11

14

10

10

6

6

3

2

1

2

3

3.5

5.5

5.5

7

6.5

6

4

6

11.5

7

6.5

8.5

9.5

11

12.5

13

Specific conduct- .

ance (uS/cm)

15

16

15

16

20

19

15

21

17

18

17

17

18

19

17

17

17

22

23

19

18

27

18

18

17

17

16

18

18

17

23

17

18

17

19

pH (units) (

Labora- ( Field tory

6.38

6.46

6.33

6.31

6.38

6.24

6.32

6.32

6.29

6.4

6.34

6.38

6.3

6.29

6.3

6.34

6.4

6.2

6.04

6.36

6.37

5.82

6.3

6.3

6.42

6.24

6.36

6.5

6.34

6.35

6.2

6.4

6.44

6.45

6.39

6.82

6.69

6.3

6.2

6.15

6.31

6.41

6.62

6.43

6.45

6.42

6.46

6.35

6.74

6.71

6.63

6.33

6.2

6.1

6.13

6.44

5.96

6.39

6.34

6.38

6.33

6.4

6.42

6.39

6.46

6.33

6.48

6.42

6.5

6.41

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (neq/L) (ueq/L)

26.2

26.2

26.6

26.8

35.9

35.3

24.2

35

26.7

31.2

26.6

27.3

25.6

29.9

25.3

24.8

24.2

36.8

34.6

27.9

27.9

47.5

25.6

24.7

23.4

24.9

23.6

25.4

28.2

25.7

37.9

26.2

27.2

26.2

30.9

37.9

36.9

38.5

36.2

47.3

46.8

36.4

54.4

41.4

45.6

40

41.4

40

47.6

41

40.6

40.2

60.8

sin46.6

45.8

77.1

41

41.5

39.1

41.2

39.7

41.5

45.2

42.1

62

42.7

44.5

43.3

50.1

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

43.9

43.3

44.4

42.4

44.8

41.3

39.4

41.8

39.2

40.9

38.8

41.9

40

44.4

42.8

41.5

42.9

43.5

42.6

43.2

41.5

34.2

39.3

39.8

41.1

39.2

39.9

40.7

39.3

41.6

36.9

40.1

40.2

40

41.2

16.7

16.3

16.5

17.5

21.5

20.9

16.6

30.2

21

24.2

19.7

23.5

24.2

25.6

22.2

20.7

21.2

28.4

27.6

24.6

24.3

30.4

23.2

21.8

21.8

21

21.5

23.4

23

22.8

27.6

22.2

22.8

22.4

24.8

142

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate, Bicarbonate,

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (neq/L) (neq/L) (neq/L) (\icqfL) (neq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.1.443.5642.44

2.569.562.782.34

1.89

21.89<.22<.22<.22

<.22<.22<.22<.22

4.67

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.<38<.38<.38<.38

<.38

<38<.38<.38<.38

<.38<.38

2.113.222.22

6.342.222.222<.38

32.932.83433.936.7

36.5

30.84432.540.2

34.537.438.334

31.1

35.234.740.737.135.7

35.536.53835.936

35.735.639.43938.6

37.339.239.94035.9

8.157.445.855.524.62

4.12

5.492.521.33<.45

1.652.162.624.367.74

8.7711.112.58.89

10.1

9.43121312.512.2

12.614.112.411.211.7

8.6113.612.812.712.6

30.730.331.632.455.1

56.9

36.360.845.643.1

37.842.84856.7

43.9

44.841.581.97955.7

54.2

12147.444.640.5

45.439.839.849.742

88.442.641.538.346.4

5153534443

48

44494255

4954424548

4743333443

4416

3437

43

3940443943

2740484749

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

129130130129126

124

127123124126

129127123124

124

122125121114118

11895.1

112111112

109104106109104

97.510499.797.5

103

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

09/05/8909/12/8909/14/8909/19/8909/26/89

10/03/89

10/10/8910/18/8910/24/8910/31/89

11/07/891 1/14/8911/21/8911/29/8912/04/89

12/18/8912/27/8901/02/9001/09/9001/16/90

01/23/9001/30/9002/06/9002/13/90

02/20/90

02/27/9003/06/9003/13/9003/21/9003/27/90

04/03/9004/10/9004/17/9004/25/9004/30/90

143

Table 16. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93~Continued

Sample- collection

date

05/04/9005/08/9005/15/9005/23/9005/29/90

06/01/9006/05/9006/12/9006/19/9006/26/90

07/03/9007/10/9007/17/9007/24/9007/31/90

08/07/9008/14/9008/21/9008/28/9009/04/90

09/11/9009/18/9009/25/9010/02/9010/05/90

10/09/9010/16/9010/23/9010/24/9010/30/90

11/06/9011/13/9011/20/9011/27/90

12/04/90

Time

1015945

1500

13151100

10001000930

12151245

10351300131513301400

14451400131513001130

12301245133013001400

1400

1350110010001130

10451200111511001330

Discharge (L/s)

16.116.162.331.176.4

31.128.319.516.110.8

9.63

7.367.366.513.68

5.13.115.13.113.11

3.113.682.551.981.98

2.553.4

77.611.311.3

9.9111.6

8.57.36

16.7

Tem­ perature

(°C)

11.51212.51211.5

121213.515.515

1618.517.51818.5

18.518.516.519.518

1813.513.51415

15.514.51413.510.5

118.589.5

8.5

Specific conduct­

ance (uS/cm)

1717181621

1817171716

17

16171615

1716181515

1515151524

1717302116

211615n.a.

31

pH (units) (

Labora- < Field tory

6.46.426.116.685.88

6.426.276.36.376.42

6.326.396.316.366.36

6.396.266.216.356.56

6.526.556.316.366.12

6.436.235.346.146.37

6.356.466.56.48

6.36

6.456.446.066.455.89

6.466.416.516.626.54

6.44

6.526.456.656.64

6.536.586.456.546.52

6.636.586.566.566.44

6.596.525.555.976.36

6.416.246.56.63

6.21

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

27.226.826.825.242.2

26.527.225.626.826.4

28.7

26.537.128.827

30.528.631.427.427.6

27.426.126.826.847.2

30.130.266.942.926.4

35.428.428.932.455.4

44.442.742.739.763.6

41.239.74040.839.8

39.639.443.941.438.7

43.44142.838.638.6

38.637.238.23858.6

40.542.894.655.836

46.74138.242.3

83.9

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

38.940.438.242.234.4

38.339.239.238.839.8

40.143.942.543.442.4

41.342.838.939.441.6

44.442.642.944.846.1

44.444.44040.942.2

45.743.945.746.1

46.5

20.821.422.520.224.6

19.518.717.718.817.2

17.3

18.221.419.216.6

19.518.820.119.217.1

1716.416.717.237.6

19.523.237.125.119.7

29.424.623.324.6

38.6

144

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

2.342.563.342.01

19

2.221.781.452.111.89

2.562.895.673.343.11

3.563.223.563.452.89

2.67

2.22

2.112.673.67

2.783.89

30.96.122.28

3.882.912.222.569.67

<.38<.38<.38<.38

3.01

<38<38<.38<.38<.38

<.38

1.831.86<.38<.38

1.83<.38<.38

2.291.83

2.01<.38<.38

<.38<.38

<38<.38

3.942.15<38

<.38<.38

1.79<.38

1.9

35.636.137.639.926.1

37.236.635.635.334.2

33.933.73332.835

34.334.732.433.833

35

35

34.635.448.2

3639.848.24334.9

4537.636.736.150.6

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

1211.114.516.78.09

1315.113.510.910.9

7.58.847.117.648.43

7.237.385.66

11.35.51

65.55

5.493.98

11.5

0.160.910.221.069.48

2.832.127.37.971.45

Sulfate, Bicarbonate, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

37.237.650.637.273

3934.833.234.730.7

31.129.43430.429.1

3629.242.435.429

30.832.7

34.133.146.2

33.837.3

13080.934.5

50.442.240.741

121

515334

4120

5345464653

5147555249

5262494550

5345

474842

6350<4

3441

4745475421

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

10711111411484.4

115117120119125

125131126132126

127132122132131

130126

132129118

13012765.9

114122

116118123124105

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.-47.5-49.5-48.5-48

-49.5-48.5-49.5-49-49

-47.5-48-48-50-49

-48

-48.5-48

-48.5-44

-48.5-47-21-39

-47.5

-43.5-47.5-48

-47.5-34

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

-8.2

-8.25-8.1

-8.1

-8.15-7.8

-8.2

-7.75-5.3-6.9

-7.85

-7.55-7.8

-8.05-8.1-6.6

Sample- collection

date

05/04/9005/08/9005/15/90

05/23/9005/29/90

06/01/9006/05/9006/12/9006/19/9006/26/90

07/03/9007/10/9007/17/9007/24/9007/31/90

08/07/9008/14/9008/21/9008/28/9009/04/90

09/1 1/90

09/18/90

09/25/9010/02/9010/05/90

10/09/9010/16/9010/23/9010/24/9010/30/90

11/06/9011/13/9011/20/901 1/27/9012/04/90

145

Table 16. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93~Continued

Sample- collection

date

12/11/9012/18/9012/26/9001/02/9101/08/91

01/15/9101/22/9101/29/9102/05/9102/12/91

02/19/9102/26/9103/05/9103/12/9103/19/91

03/26/9104/02/9104/09/9104/16/9104/23/91

04/29/9105/07/91

05/14/9105/21/9105/28/91

06/04/9106/11/9106/18/9106/25/9107/02/91

07/09/9107/17/9107/23/9107/30/9108/06/91

Time

11301200104512001330

11301200120011301130

12001230114511001100

11451130120015301130

12001430140013451240

12051225153013251340

13451330113012351130

Discharge (L/s)

11.315213434

28.35131.125.821

2119211921

31.128.323.525.825.8

25.8211513

8.5

8.57.36

135.955.95

5.13.963.43.42.55

Tem­ perature

(°C)

77.5466.5

6.56785

6.578.56.58

99

14.512.510.5

12.512.51513.517.5

1716.517.516.519

1918.5211919

Specific conduct- .

ance (uS/cm)

1622171818

1718161717

1817181718

1817171817

1817171616

1615201516

1517161614

pH (units) (

Labora- < Field tory

6.416.236.286.216.37

6.196.186.336.246.4

6.336.366.376.446.46

6.356.376.436.56.42

6.486.366.466.386.45

6.356.466.066.46.43

6.516.386.486.366.58

6.526.346.456.286.35

6.346.56.196.286.44

6.266.555.466.456.36

6.446.366.566.266.34

6.6

6.356.566.566.7

6.456.586.226.056.34

6.356.514.746.016.39

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

29.944.432.92627

29.925.426.426.427

27.92730.927.928.4

28.42730.428.930.9

30.4

29.934.429.431.4

28.428.942.427.928.9

28.428.925.528.126.2

38.96442.942.142

47.14138.940.140.2

42.940.744.241.644

43.240.942.344.243

42.143.643.74143.9

39.839.756.737.939.7

37.237.737.840.738.8

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

42.244.439.638.140.9

44.440.440.441.340.4

40.94040.942.241.8

41.843.142.642.242.6

43.1

41.143.942.243.9

43.143.537.844.845.7

45.244.442.642.742.5

22.229.422.22122.5

24.621.52222.521.5

22.5222423.524.3

24.324.32424.823.3

22.8

21.72119.919.9

17.615.826.318.717.1

18.415.312.515.212.9

146

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate, Bicarbonate,

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (neq/L) (neq/L) (neq/L) (neq/L) (ueq/L)

2.45

8.67

3

2.78

2.89

<.22

2.34

1.56

1.45

1.45

2.22

1.56

2.78<.22

2.56

2.11

1.89

2.11

2.56

2.11

1.67

2.56

2

2.22

2.56

2.34

2.11

7.89

2.45

2.67

2.67

3.11

1.45

1.22

1.22

<.38

2.51<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

1.79

2.86<.38

<.38

<.38

<.38

1.58

1.68

1.68

37.1

39.8

40.2

38.1

38.2

38.6

39.9

36.3

36.1

38.4

35.8

36.2

35.9

36.7

36.8

36.9

36.3

33.8

36.2

37.1

37.9

38

37.7

36

36.1

35.5

35.6

29.4

36

36

35.8

36.5

38.1

37.1

38

11.1

7.46

11.1

14.9

14

14.4

19.6

17.6

15.2

16.1

15.6

14.8

13.4

15.8

14.7

14.5

14.3

10.4

9.95

12.7

14.6

11.1

14.4

12.4

11.4

12

12

12.7

9.75

10.4

8.67

8.75

9.52

7.5

8.75

42.9

82.1

51.4

48.2

46.1

46.2

46.5

37.3

36.9

38.8

42.9

38.9

51.8

38.3

45.5

44.3

37.8

34.2

47.4

42.3

39

41.2

35.4

33

31.5

31.5

31

68.6

32.7

31

30.8

31.4

32.1

36

36.4

45

33

41

37

39

40

30

32

44

43

38

38

41

45

42

46

38

51

41

43

48

49

54

51

59

49

53

25

52

49

55

49

47

59

52

Silica, dissolved (nmol/L)

121

107

126

122

121

122

110

110

109

111

110

106

107

110

106

110

104

98.9

108

103

102

107

114

114

118

111

114

87.7

123

127

127

129

98

129

135

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-45

-43.5-45

-46

-46.5

-46

-46

-46.5

-46.5-47

-46.5

-46.5

-45.5

-45.5-48

-46.5

-43.5-47

-45.5

-45.5

-47.5-45

-45.5

-47.5-48

-46

-45

-40

-50.5

-47.5

-48

-49

-47

-48

-48

-7.9

-7.7

-7.8

-7.8

-7.9

-7.9

-7.8

-7.95

-7.95

-7.95

-7.95

-7.95

-7.85-7.9

-7.95

-7.85

-7.85-7.9

-7.8

-7.9

-7.85

-7.85-8

-8

-8.05

-8.2

-8.05

-7.35

-8.05-8.1

-7.95

-8.05-8

-8.1

-8.05

Sample- collection

date

12/11/90

12/18/90

12/26/90

01/02/91

01/08/91

01/15/91

01/22/91

01/29/91

02/05/91

02/12/91

02/19/91

02/26/91

03/05/91

03/12/91

03/19/91

03/26/91

04/02/91

04/09/91

04/16/91

04/23/91

04/29/91

05/07/91

05/14/91

05/21/91

05/28/91

06/04/91

06/11/91

06/18/91

06/25/91

07/02/91

07/09/91

07/17/91

07/23/91

07/30/91

08/06/91

147

Table 16. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93~Continued

Sample- collection

date

08/13/91

08/20/91

08/27/91

09/03/91

09/10/91

09/12/91

09/17/91

09/24/91

10/01/91

10/08/91

10/15/91

10/22/91

10/29/91

11/05/91

11/12/91

11/19/91

11/26/91

12/03/91

12/10/91

12/17/91

12/23/91

12/30/91

01/07/92

01/14/92

01/21/92

01/28/92

02/04/92

02/1 1/92

02/18/92

02/25/92

03/03/92

03/10/92

03/17/92

03/24/92

03/31/92

Time

1430

1515

1000

1130

1300

1540

1240

1245

1125

1235

1120

1205

1040

1040

1130

1225

1000

915

1335

1100

1345

1300

930

1120

1100

935

1105

1045

1150

1300

1105

1155

1025

1125

1430

Discharge (L/s)

1.98

3.4

2.55

1.981.98

1.7

1.7

1.98

1.42

2.55

2.55

3.96

3.96

3.4

3.4

3.4

2.55

9.91

3.96

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

3.4

9.91

3.96

3.4

2.55

2.55

8.5

5.1

7.36

15

17.4

17.4

23.5

Tem­ perature

(°C)

19.5

20

19.5

1818.5

18

20.5

15.5

14.5

12.5

12

10.5

12.5

8

8

9.5

6.5

9

8.5

5

5

5.5

5

7.5

1.5

3

4

2

5

6

7

9.5

5

6

10

Specific conduct- .

ance (uS/cm)

16

20

16

15

15

15

15

14

15

14

15

15

16

15

21

17

19

29

24

19

20

23

19

23

18

19

18

18

22

23

18

19

17

18

17

pH (units) ,

Labora- < Field tory

6.63

6.34

6.34

6.52

6.25

6.53

6.43

6.49

6.52

6.5

6.58

6.62

6.53

6.55

6.52

6.47

6.33

6.04

6.26

6.35

6.32

6.21

6.45

6.18

6.22

6.22

6.27

6.35

6.28

6.33

6.45

6.21

6.24

6.41

6.21

6.33

5.98

6.17

5.635.58

5.76

5.36

5.37

5.51

6.08

5.54

6.21

6.11

6.2

5.68

5.88

5.79

5.39

5.67

6.51

5.82

5.87

6.07

5.81

6.53

6.66

5.97

6.46

6.45

6.67

5.95

6.19

6.1

6.39

6.16

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

26.6

37.7

32.1

28.3

27.5

26.4

26.4

26

27.9

27.3

25

24.7

28

26.6

38.3

29

34.9

68

51.2

33.7

34

40.8

35.9

42.9

29.3

33.2

27.8

28.6

42.3

42.7

30.8

32.4

31.9

25.8

24.9

37.7

53.4

42.1

40.6

39.8

39.2

37

36.8

38.4

38.4

37.3

36.8

38.8

37.1

55.4

41

46.8

91

76.2

47.3

50.4

63.9

47.2

59.8

48.6

41.6

42.9

42.9

68.5

66.7

48.8

51.3

42.5

39.1

40.4

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

42.9

41.9

43.6

44.343.4

44.4

45.2

44.1

43.6

45.8

41.7

40.5

43.8

43.4

48.6

45.8

44.3

46.8

49.1

45.3

43.8

46.8

45.8

45.5

43.5

44.2

42.8

43.2

44.7

44.9

45

42.4

42

35.5

42.1

13.2

17.3

14

13.117

16.3

13.4

13.4

14

12.8

13.2

12.8

16.9

17.3

28

20.1

27

35.8

35.9

24.2

23.5

29.6

25.5

32.7

23.2

24.5

23.4

23.1

30.7

32

25.8

27.6

24.1

29.9

24.9

148

Aluminum, Iron, total, total,

dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

1.22

2

2

2.56

2.6

2.45

1.7

1.33

2.34

2.11

0.78

1

2.56

2

2.34

1.22

3.22

15.6

9.56

3.45

4.11

5.45

3.22

9.79

1.67

2

1.67

1.45

5.67

4.89

1.89

3.11

2.34

2.11

2.78

2.33

1.75

2.08

2.36

1.1

1.6

2.47

1.67

1.54

1.15

1.97

2.01

1.61

0.93

1.18

0.68

1.32

3.29

2.65

1.15

2.08

1.68

1

0.14<.38

0.65

0.9

1.61

1.72

1.54

1.22

0.5

0.14

0.43

0.29

Chloride, dissolved (ueq/L)

35.535.4

59.2

47.5

35.4

37.2

37.7

34.6

35.4

35.4

35.9

37.3

37.4

37.4

55.4

38.3

43.4

50.3

46.5

42.6

36.7

39.3

36.8

125

37.6

32.5

36.7

37

36.3

37.3

37.6

38.5

36.8

36.9

35.6

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

4.91

7.84

4.51

5.13

5.84

6.39

5.41

5.49

5.03

3.53

3.04

8.08<.45

<.45

<.45

<.45

<.45

<.45

<.45

0.11

3.05<.45

1.74

13.1

11.2

8.56

10.1

11.6

9.14

8.84

10.8

9.93

9.6

9.73

6.28

Sulfate, Bicarbonate, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

30.4

62.8

27.6

28.1

31.2

33.1

31.4

34.6

33

34.4

35.3

40.1

37.1

39.5

64.4

38.5

55.3

132

108

53.2

53.1

85.4

58.2

86.2

51.3

46.5

51.6

48.6

81.2

84.1

52.5

61.8

47.5

51.9

47.1

55

36

45

36

54

58

62

50

51

40

48

17

49

52

47

56

44

15

42

53

45

27

39

49

45

52

46

54

33

38

45

53

62

50.7

46.4

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

133

109

118

121

137

138

130

126

128

121

114

116

136

130

126

126

127

98.3

118

125

118

118

119

107

123

123

125

125

114

116

119

121

117

98

110

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-47

-45.5-47

-47

-47

-47

-47.5-47

-47.5-47

-46.5-49

-4%

-47.5

^8.5

-49

-46

-53

-52

^8.5

-50

-50.5

^8.5

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.-53

n.a.

n.a.

^8

^8

n.a.

n.a.

-8.1

-7.85-8.1

-8.15

-8.05

-8.05-8

-8

-8.1

-8.05

-8.15

-8.05-8.1

-8.05

-8.15

-8.05

-7.75-8.6

-8.35

-8.15

-8.15

-8.15

-8.05

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.-8.7

n.a.

n.a.

-8.05-8

n.a.

n.a.

Sample- collection

date

08/13/91

08/20/91

08/27/91

09/03/91

09/10/91

09/12/91

09/17/91

09/24/91

10/01/91

10/08/91

10/15/91

10/22/91

10/29/91

11/05/91

11/12/91

11/19/91

11/26/91

12/03/91

12/10/91

12/17/91

12/23/91

12/30/91

01/07/92

01/14/92

01/21/92

01/28/92

02/04/92

02/11/92

02/18/92

02/25/92

03/03/92

03/10/92

03/17/92

03/24/92

03/31/92

149

Table 16. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

04/06/9204/13/9204/21/9204/23/9204/28/92

05/03/9205/12/9205/19/9205/26/9206/02/92

06/09/9206/16/9206/23/9206/30/9207/07/92

07/14/9207/21/9207/28/9208/04/9208/11/92

08/18/9208/25/92

09/01/9209/08/9209/15/92

09/22/9209/29/9210/06/9210/13/9210/20/92

10/27/9211/03/9211/10/9211/17/921 1/24/92

Time

8201015104410001130

10001035130014101345

10451115120511451125

950112515251100955

12051150

113515051140

10451340103012151130

11301655143515001445

Discharge (L/s)

1916.712.470.839.6

28.320.417.825.920.4

28.320.415.3119.06

7.937.64

25.522.114.7

139.06

7.938.58.5

7.647.086.87.087.64

7.0823.816.71751

Tem­ perature

(°C)

79

121211

1413141213

14.514.5

141616.5

18.518.5171718

1618

16.51816

161511128.5

911.598

11

Specific conduct- .

ance (uS/cm)

1717182016

1616172016

1616161516

1515151615

1616151615

1515151616

1625171719

pH (units) |

Labora- < Field tory

6.416.56.425.796.31

6.386.286.346.156.62

6.236.37

6.436.316.39

6.416.366.156.236.24

6.346.36

6.416.336.37

6.316.296.356.356.39

6.365.896.466.236.02

65.636.35.925.94

n.a.6.24n.a.5.59n.a.

6.016.31n.a.6.08n.a.

6.43n.a.5.99n.a.6.5

n.a.6.23

n.a.6.696.47

6.04n.a.5.99n.a.5.95

n.a.5.57n.a.6.1n.a.

Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, iissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

31.225.232.33823.7

n.a.26.9

n.a.40.7

n.a.

28.425.7

n.a.25.6

n.a.

29.7n.a.

24.9n.a.

25.3

n.a.25

n.a.25.425.7

28.8n.a.

25.1n.a.

26

n.a.55.2

n.a.24

n.a.

38.636.74544.336.9

n.a.38.6

n.a.61.6

n.a.

44.839.4

n.a.40.8

n.a.

38.1n.a.

38.2n.a.

36.7

n.a.38.1

n.a.38.836.3

39.3n.a.

41n.a.

40.4

n.a.80.3

n.a.41.5

n.a.

40.739.841.237.138.5

n.a.40.9

n.a.43.2

n.a.

42.642.1

n.a.45

n.a.

44.5n.a.

42.6n.a.

39.9

n.a.41.5

n.a.38.539.5

43.7n.a.

44.5n.a.

41.9

n.a.37.4

n.a.43.9

n.a.

21.721.523.226.921.3

n.a.21.6

n.a.21.6

n.a.

19.817.7n.a.

17.6n.a.

16.6n.a.

20n.a.

17.3

n.a.16.6

n.a.18.516.4

14.6n.a.

14.4n.a.

15.7

n.a.29.9

n.a.22

n.a.

150

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate, Bicarbonate,

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (^ieq/L) (Meq/L) (neq/L) (neq/L) (peq/L) (neq/L)

1.451.891.784.671.89

n.a.1.67n.a.9.23n.a.

2.221n.a.2n.a.

2.45n.a.3.34n.a.1.78

n.a.0.56n.a.2.782.33

1.02n.a.1.56n.a.6.45

n.a.18.5n.a.

1n.a.

1.540.571.110.930.57

n.a.<.38

n.a.2.18n.a.

0.361.58n.a.0.36n.a.

0.61n.a.0.5n.a.1.45

n.a.1.88n.a.2.792.63

7.23n.a.0.43n.a.2.04

n.a.3.28n.a.<.38

n.a.

37.436.337.136.537.2

n.a.33.7

n.a.31.3

n.a.

52.237.2

n.a.33.6

n.a.

34.6n.a.

35.4n.a.

34.8

n.a.35.3

n.a.35.135.5

34n.a.

34.5n.a.

32

n.a.38.9

n.a.33.3

n.a.

9.7710.1

8.3913.312.2

n.a.8.71n.a.

10.3n.a.

<.45

12n.a.3.56n.a.

4.02n.a.9.45n.a.3.21

n.a.6.37n.a.0.821.19

0.45n.a.4n.a.2

n.a.<.45

n.a.9.72

n.a.

40.839.241.672.440.5

n.a.36.6

n.a.61

n.a.

36.233

n.a.31.7

n.a.

28.8n.a.

39.5n.a.

30

n.a.30.2

n.a.34.733.1

29.6n.a.

30.7n.a.

33.4

n.a.117

n.a.40.9

n.a.

594961.127.636.6

n.a.49.9

n.a.42.7

n.a.

54.852.1

n.a.56

n.a.

57.4n.a.

35.8n.a.

46

n.a.44

n.a.52.258.1

60.5n.a.

46n.a.

55.4

n.a.12n.a.

44.6n.a.

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

111109109105108

n.a.100

n.a.100

n.a.

120116

n.a.122

n.a.

131n.a.

121n.a.

123

n.a.120

n.a.117126

132n.a.

130n.a.

133

n.a.103

n.a.121

n.a.

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.

^5.5n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.-37.7

n.a.^5.9

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

-7.7

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.-6.83n.a.

-7.44n.a.

Sample- collection

date

04/06/9204/13/9204/21/9204/23/9204/28/92

05/03/9205/12/9205/19/9205/26/9206/02/92

06/09/9206/16/9206/23/9206/30/9207/07/92

07/14/9207/21/9207/28/9208/04/9208/11/92

08/18/9208/25/9209/01/9209/08/9209/15/92

09/22/9209/29/9210/06/9210/13/9210/20/92

10/27/9211/03/9211/10/92

11/17/921 1/24/92

151

Table 16. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

12/01/9212/08/9212/15/9212/21/9212/29/92

01/05/9301/12/9301/19/9301/26/9302/02/93

02/09/9302/18/9302/23/9303/02/9303/08/93

03/17/9303/23/9303/24/9303/29/9303/30/93

04/06/93

04/13/93

04/20/9304/27/9305/04/93

05/11/9305/18/9305/25/9306/01/9306/08/93

06/15/9306/22/9306/29/9307/06/9307/13/93

Time

12301255153015401310

950104512001230845

10001230163015001530

14001350113512201500

1233

1215

1255844

1115

10001145114515271220

1221825835955

1105

Discharge (L/s)

36.824.687.853.836.8

31.124.625.523.822.1

17.815.314.717.879.3

82.182.1

156139127

90.6

53.8

77.473.839.6

26.621.21310.29.06

6.87.085.85n.d.4.53

Tem­ perature

(°C)

8788.58

117764.5

3.54358

678

1011.5

10

11

149

12

14121413

14

1616121519

Specific conduct- _

ance (uS/cm)

1717181818

2019181818

1820192018

20202220

n.a.

18

17

181718

1717171617

1617161616

pH (units) i

Labora- < Field tory

6.186.436.156.386.18

6.46.516.436.66.45

6.56.566.216.366.09

6.196.155.935.946.31

5.986.2

6.225.686.19

6.366.176.38

6.375.98

6.366.186.26.216.3

6.28n.a.5.78n.a.6.33

n.a.6.03n.a.6.23n.a.

6.35n.a.6.1n.a.6.09

n.a.6.055.97n.a.n.a.

6.06n.a.

6.34n.a.6.03

n.a.5.94n.a.6.32n.a.

6.23n.a.6.03n.a.6.47

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

25.9n.a.

26n.a.

25

n.a.28

n.a.27

n.a.

26n.a.

28n.a.

33.9

n.a.31.436.4

n.a.n.a.

24.5n.a.

26.5n.a.

29.9

n.a.27

n.a.27

n.a.

27n.a.

27.5n.a.

25.5

40.1n.a.

41.9n.a.

43.6

n.a.48.3

n.a.45.1

n.a.

45n.a.

47.6n.a.

54.6

n.a.53.655.7n.a.n.a.

42.1n.a.

45.3n.a.

43

n.a.40.8

n.a.37.1

n.a.

36n.a.

43n.a.

39.1

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

39.8n.a.

42.2n.a.

43.1

n.a.42.2

n.a.42.6

n.a.

43.9n.a.

40.7n.a.

38.1

n.a.39.734.7

n.a.n.a.

41.3n.a.

42.2n.a.

41.2

n.a.40.8

n.a.40.2

n.a.

42.6n.a.

41.2n.a.

44.4

21.7n.a.

25.1n.a.

23.8

n.a.23.5

n.a.22.5

n.a.

23.3n.a.

23.3n.a.

25.6

n.a.24.327.4

n.a.n.a.

23.5n.a.

25.1n.a.

21.2

n.a.18.4n.a.

18.4n.a.

15.6n.a.

15.4n.a.

16.9

152

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate, Bicarbonate,

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (neq/L) Gieq/L) (neq/L) (|ieq/L) (neq/L) (neq/L)

0.89n.a.2.56n.a.2.33

n.a.3.54n.a.1.25n.a.

0.76n.a.2.28n.a.4.11

n.a.3.546.23n.a.n.a.

1.66n.a.1.56n.a.1.33

n.a.1.56n.a.1.89n.a.

1.67n.a.2.38n.a.2.54

<.38

n.a.<38n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<38n.a.

<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

<38n.a.n.a.

<38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<38n.a.

<38n.a.<38n.a.<38

31.6n.a.

33n.a.

32.6

n.a.36.8

n.a.35.9

n.a.

35.5n.a.

34.5n.a.

34.6

n.a.35.429.7

n.a.n.a.

37.4

n.a.37.6

n.a.36.8

n.a.34.7

n.a.36.2

n.a.

34.3n.a.

32.6n.a.

33.7

8.34n.a.

14.7n.a.

14.6

n.a.15.1

n.a.16.6n.a.

17.2n.a.7.8n.a.

11.1

n.a.17.718.2n.a.n.a.

15.3n.a.

13.7n.a.

14.2

n.a.9.09n.a.9.23n.a.

6.32n.a.9.32n.a.

10.7

41.6n.a.

51.7n.a.

42.2

n.a.43.9

n.a.43.1

n.a.

39.9n.a.

40.6n.a.

61.7

n.a.61.584.1

n.a.n.a.

44.1

n.a.44.6

n.a.35.3

n.a.33.4

n.a.34.2

n.a.

30.5n.a.

32.1n.a.

29.5

42.3n.a.

29.3n.a.

41.5

n.a.41.6

n.a.44.7

n.a.

48.9n.a.

52.2n.a.

30.4

n.a.38.318.3n.a.n.a.

37.4n.a.

43.8n.a.

60

n.a.57.4

n.a.52.8

n.a.

56.5n.a.

37.4n.a.

52

Silica, dissolved (nmol/L)

114n.a.

110n.a.

113

n.a.113

n.a.117

n.a.

118n.a.

108n.a.

102

n.a.91.882.6

n.a.n.a.

99.3n.a.

94.7n.a.

97.9

n.a.109

n.a.117

n.a.

121n.a.

120n.a.

134

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

^3n.a.

-44.5n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

-7.38n.a.

-7.27n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

12/01/9212/08/9212/15/9212/21/9212/29/92

01/05/9301/12/9301/19/9301/26/9302/02/93

02/09/9302/18/9302/23/9303/02/9303/08/93

03/17/9303/23/9303/24/9303/29/9303/30/93

04/06/9304/13/9304/20/9304/27/9305/04/93

05/1 1/9305/18/9305/25/9306/01/9306/08/93

06/15/9306/22/9306/29/9307/06/9307/13/93

153

Table 16. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected weekly and biweekly from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

07/20/9307/27/9308/03/9308/10/9308/17/93

08/24/9308/31/9309/07/9309/14/9309/15/93

09/21/9309/28/9310/05/9310/12/9310/19/93

10/26/9311/02/9311/09/9311/16/9311/23/93

11/30/9312/07/9312/14/9312/21/9312/29/93

Time

756850810835910

900945

124012211009

1430845

114713001233

9371115155015151328

16201449938

11401230

Discharge (L/s)

4.534.533.684.813.68

3.113.113.1132.83

3.43.682.834.533.11

3.113.683.853.113.68

11.636.819.520.411.6

Tem­ perature

(°C)

18.519191819

18.5202017.518

1514131217

1187.5

118

79663

Specific conduct- .

ance (uS/cm)

1516161616

1615161615

1617152316

1721181918

1818171919

pH (units)

Labora- < Field tory

6.296.096.176.266.45

5.996.875.716.116.04

5.85.735.2965.61

5.735.756.36.236.39

5.915.465.966.015.97

n.a.6.41n.a.6.3n.a.

6.45n.a.6.05n.a.6.53

6.31n.a.5.36n.a.6.38

n.a.6.08n.a.6.28n.a.

5.64n.a.6.06n.a.6.06

Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

n.a.25

n.a.22.5

n.a.

27.9n.a.

27.9n.a.

27.9

27.5n.a.

24.5n.a.

25.4

n.a.35.4

n.a.27.9

n.a.

27n.a.

22n.a.

24

n.a.38.3

n.a.38.4

n.a.

40.2n.a.

38.8n.a.

38.2

38.6n.a.

37.6n.a.

40.2

n.a.57.6

n.a.46.6

n.a.

43.4n.a.

37n.a.

40.7

n.a.40.1

n.a.43.5

n.a.

43.9n.a.

40.3n.a.

43.5

41.9n.a.

43.9n.a.

47

n.a.41.3

n.a.43.1

n.a.

42.1n.a.

42.1n.a.

41.6

n.a.14.6n.a.

17.4n.a.

15.6n.a.

17.1n.a.

16.2

16.9n.a.

16.1n.a.

19.2

n.a.26.1

n.a.24.3

n.a.

26.1n.a.

22.8n.a.

22.3

154

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate, Bicarbonate,

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (jxeq/L) (neq/L) (neq/L) (|Jeq/L) (neq/L) (M^q/L)

n.a.2.67n.a.2.46n.a.

2.86n.a.3.68n.a.2.74

2.77n.a.2.1n.a.2.03

n.a.3.18n.a.2.9n.a.

4.88n.a.2.81n.a.1.9

n.a.<.38

n.a.2.2n.a.

<38n.a.1.8n.a.2

1.9n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.<.38

n.a.

<.38

n.a.<38n.a.<.38

n.a.32.2

n.a.32.9

n.a.

37.2n.a.

32.8n.a.

35.7

33.2n.a.

34.8n.a.

35.9

n.a.47.7

n.a.39.6

n.a.

37.1n.a.

37.4n.a.

36.4

n.a.7.73n.a.1.99n.a.

3.83n.a.0.93n.a.4.04

0.65n.a.0.46n.a.<45

n.a.0.6n.a.<45n.a.

1.63n.a.

13.6n.a.

16.8

n.a.31.3

n.a.32.4

n.a.

28.6n.a.

29.7n.a.

29.1

33.1n.a.

34.4n.a.

35.8

n.a.72.7

n.a.53.1n.a.

60.8n.a.

43n.a.

41.9

n.a.38.7

n.a.59.7

n.a.

63.8n.a.

55.7n.a.

57

53n.a.

49.2n.a.

56.8

n.a.43.6

n.a.53.4

n.a.

26.6n.a.

32.1n.a.

35.3

Silica, dissolved (nmol/L)

n.a.127

n.a.130

n.a.

136n.a.

133n.a.

136

128n.a.

132n.a.

132

n.a.125

n.a.131

n.a.

115n.a.

112n.a.

116

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

07/20/9307/27/9308/03/9308/10/9308/17/93

08/24/9308/31/9309/07/9309/14/9309/15/93

09/21/9309/28/9310/05/9310/12/9310/19/93

10/26/9311/02/9311/09/9311/16/9311/23/93

11/30/9312/07/9312/14/9312/21/9312/29/93

155

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93

[L/s, liters per second; u.S/cm, microsiemens per centimeter, ueq/L, microequivalents per liter, u.mol/L, micromoles per liter, <, less than; n.a., not analyzed; ANC, acid-neutralizing capacity]

Sample- collection

date

12/26/8712/26/8712/26/8712/26/8712/26/87

12/26/8712/26/8712/26/8712/26/8712/26/87

12/27/8712/27/8712/27/8712/27/8712/27/87

01/01/8801/01/8801/01/8801/01/8801/01/88

01/01/8801/02/8801/02/8801/02/8801/02/88

01/02/8801/02/8801/19/8801/19/8801/20/88

01/20/8801/20/88

Time

10301130123013301430

15301630183020302230

30230330530730

15301630183019302030

2230

30230430630

830103022302330

30

130230

Discharge c (L/s)

15.315.313.613.613.6

1312.212.212.212.2

12.212.210.810.810.8

13.613.613.613.612.2

12.212.212.212.212.2

12.212.213.62134

39.645.3

Specific onductance (uS/cm)

1716161716

1717171812

1718181918

1818171817

1717191818

1818122022

2324

pH (units) i(

Field Laboratory

5.66.156.036.076.12

6.086.166.196.166.1

6.115.936.156.046.01

6.266.36.276.26.27

6.26.196.216.066.35

6.26.256.156.065.98

5.885.75

7.076.576.686.656.62

6.886.836.576.766.36

6.346.36.346.256.14

6.46.37n.a.6.56n.a.

n.a.n.a.6.68n.a.6.42

6.446.42n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

4929.93228.228

33.9222439.9

n.a.

49.947.935.935.235.9

25.825.625.430.629.4

24.923.628.825.525.8

30.226.450.453.954.4

64.956.9

44.846.447.444.850.4

50.754.353.348.4

n.a.

5057.94847.448

46.145.746.443.147.4

43.843.146.446.742.8

5146.465.567.173.7

79.480

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

26.129.624.424.426.1

26.126.126.126.1

n.a.

31.324.424.424.429.6

5350.447.445.643.9

52.250.453.943.545.2

49.150.453.945.241.7

41.741.7

27.628.624.624.626.6

27.627.627.628.6

n.a.

26.629.726.625.627.6

34.825.629.727.627.6

25.625.626.622.524.6

27.727.637.834.834.8

35.838.9

156

Aluminum, Iron, total, total,

dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate, dissolved dissolved dissolved (Ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

51.641.849.437.645.7

44.645.143.244.645.3

43.543.643.84443.8

50.748.251.852.150.5

49.9485151.451.4

50.554.650.246.243

4140.1

6.1

5.916.46.366.96

7.436.516.588.26.33

6.426.26.556.216.28

9.426.736.287.156.77

7.537.076.86.765.94

5.896.37.889.679.75

9.849.45

48.8

47.849.644.649

49.448.449.951.454.3

5252.853.952.253.1

53.550.450.151.951.4

52.1

52.452.254.155.5

57.66485.797.9

111

122131

ANC (ueq/L)

3938394040

4243444029

4544454645

4848464443

5043434046

4246402020

2018

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

115

114113112115

112110110110

n.a.

108110111112116

110107107106114

76

10010910292

10388918477

7165

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

12/26/8712/26/8712/26/8712/26/8712/26/87

12/26/8712/26/8712/26/8712/26/8712/26/87

12/27/8712/27/8712/27/8712/27/8712/27/87

01/01/8801/01/8801/01/8801/01/8801/01/88

01/01/8801/02/8801/02/8801/02/8801/02/88

01/02/8801/02/8801/19/8801/19/8801/20/88

01/20/8801/20/88

157

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 Continued

Sample- collection

date

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

01/20/88

02/02/88

02/02/88

02/02/88

02/02/88

02/03/88

02/03/88

02/03/88

02/03/88

02/03/88

02/03/88

02/03/88

03/26/88

03/26/88

03/26/88

03/26/88

03/26/88

Time

330

430

530

630

730

830

930

1030

1130

1230

1330

1430

1530

1630

1730

1830

1930

2030

2130

1815

1915

2115

2215

15

215

415

615

815

1015

1215

345

445

545

645

745

Discharge c (L/s)

62.3

62.3

62.3

59.5

51

45.3

39.6

36.8

34

31.1

31.1

28.3

28.3

28.3

26

26

26

23.8

23.8

19.5

19.5

19.5

17.8

17.8

17.8

17.8

17.8

17.8

17.8

17.8

25.6

34

31.1

31.1

28.3

Specific onductance (uS/cm)

25

29

28

28

28

28

26

25

26

25

25

25

23

24

24

23

23

22

22

19

22

20

20

20

19

18

19

19

21

21

24

24

24

24

24

pH (units) ic

Field Laboratory

5.73

5.72

5.74

5.78

5.85

5.87

5.9

6.02

5.98

6.04

6.05

6.07

6.1

6.14

6.11

6.13

6.13

6.19

6.19

6.29

6.33

6.27

6.32

6.27

6.28

6.33

6.35

6.33

6.31

6.36

5.96

6.03

6.09

6.17

6.23

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

6.48

6.4

6.34

6.43

6.3

6.45

6.29

6.16

6.33

6.29

6.23

6.03

6.35

6.25

6.25

6.24

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

57.9

65.4

57.9

53.4

54.9

50.9

51.4

56.4

47

46.3

46.3

44.9

45.4

48

50.4

42.1

42.5

40.6

39.6

31.6

32

31.2

35.1

33.7

32.5

31.2

29.9

30.8

38.5

36.7

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

85.5

88

85.5

80.1

82.2

77.2

71.3

79.7

72.5

71

71.8

68.8

70.2

70.9

68.3

65.5

64.9

62.5

60.9

43.9

48.1

46.3

48.9

49.9

46.4

46.4

43.9

46

50.4

55.3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

45.2

57.4

48.7

40

40

41.7

43.5

53.9

40

45.2

45.2

47

47

47

41.7

48.7

43.5

48.7

40

41.6

44.8

40.1

42.5

43.5

38.6

39.8

36.8

39.9

44.4

49.6

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

43

48.1

41.9

35.8

34.8

34.8

34.8

40.9

32.7

33.8

33.8

33.8

33.8

33.8

30.7

33.8

30.7

33.8

27.6

24

27.1

24.3

25.5

25.8

24.2

24.6

23.1

24.4

26.1

28.9

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

158

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

39.239.239.440.340.3

40.639.642.241.341.6

44.940.945.249.746.9

49.249.24947.435.3

4239.938.540.736.9

37.935.951.655.358.1

42.438.928.439.227.7

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

7.226.45.945.95.46

5.114.854.824.325.04

4.464.075.215.475.2

5.25.415.215.236.83

8.177.197.327.226.32

6.225.435.876.617.27

51.7192322.518.6

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

137139143143144

142128137131128

122119124120113

11211010710459.6

67.464.866.468.365.5

6663.467.372.573.3

10266.2

72.175.8

81.3

ANC (ueq/L)

141099

10

1110161818

1620

292321

2630252342

4638434135

3531374043

16343737

37

Silica, dissolved Delta D Delta 18O (umol/L) (per mil) (per mil)

6566636065

6871958889

8081868288

89908990

109

11994

10010697

10693

106111119

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

01/20/8801/20/8801/20/8801/20/8801/20/88

01/20/8801/20/8801/20/8801/20/8801/20/88

01/20/8801/20/8801/20/8801/20/8801/20/88

01/20/8801/20/8801/20/8801/20/8802/02/88

02/02/8802/02/88

02/02/8802/03/8802/03/88

02/03/8802/03/8802/03/8802/03/8802/03/88

03/26/8803/26/8803/26/8803/26/88

03/26/88

159

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 Continued

Sample- collection

date

03/26/8803/26/8803/26/8803/26/8803/26/88

03/26/8803/26/8803/26/8803/26/8807/11/88

07/11/8807/1 1/8807/11/8807/11/8807/11/88

07/11/8807/11/8807/11/8807/11/8807/11/88

07/11/8807/11/8807/11/8807/1 1/8807/1 1/88

07/1 1/8807/11/8807/11/8805/16/8905/16/89

05/16/8905/16/8905/16/8905/16/8905/16/89

Time

845945

104511451245

13451445154516451815

18301845190019151930

19452000201520302045

21002115213022002245

23002315234514001430

15151600

164517301815

Discharge cc (L/s)

2621.519.519.517.8

17.817.816.116.113.4

14.714.714.714.112.8

11.510.810.29.639.1

8.57.977.367.367.36

6.966.516.51

110116

124124116116110

Specific inductance (uS/cm)

2323222121

2019191933

3232313132

3130302928

2827282627

262525

2025

2020202020

pH (units) i(

Field Laboratory

6.436.386.596.646.6

6.586.526.486.415.27

5.495.625.675.725.73

5.825.795.785.85.78

5.865.865.95.955.93

5.975.975.985.85.65

5.855.865.865.925.97

6.276.336.356.366.38

6.416.296.426.365.97

5.955.94

65.936.12

6.015.955.996.015.99

6.026.026.046.096.17

6.196.146.196.065.73

5.945.875.95.925.95

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

88.8

79.671.674.173.665.4

65.965.961.47068

6460.756.461.944

49.94353.432.947.5

28.333.232.933.233

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

115

10298.391.79595.4

90.590.586.4

10197.7

92.289.580.582.265

74.563.474.5

53.169.6

41.451.452.553.653.2

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

47.8

49.245.2

46.146.148.3

49.649.65047.449.6

48.752.64744.443.9

44.443.546.53438.8

28.833.635.836.635.8

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

46.6

51.951.9

48.150.652.2

51.251.247.344.243.7

42.74438.937.135.3

34.533.835.625.425.8

2125.526.627.127.1

160

Aluminum, Iron, total, total,

dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Chloride, dissolved (ueq/L)

3838.637.337.437.2

32.739.437.438.438.7

3436.932.832.831.8

33.732.533.646.533.5

32.534.932.533.734.7

33.93333.631.546

2831.632.43333.7

Nitrate, Sulfate, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

15.914.112.410.8

9.19

8.117.8576.96

22

2023.822.920.520.6

19.320.220.317.217.3

16.315.614.112.89.28

10.28.849.36

10.214.6

10.21111.615.812.4

75.374.372.168.6

68.6

64.363.661.959.8

110

124124120121121

125121123112117

111112107106102

98.597.794.983.864.5

64.68081.384.283.5

ANC (ueq/L)

40434744

44

4547494931

1815155513

2915262536

3637364142

40

40401214

614121517

Silica, dissolved Delta D Delta I8O (umol/L) (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

94

8686868483

8587889191

9294949699

1001001028294

7389909091

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

03/26/8803/26/8803/26/8803/26/88

03/26/88

03/26/8803/26/8803/26/8803/26/8807/11/88

07/11/8807/11/8807/11/8807/1 1/8807/11/88

07/11/8807/11/8807/11/8807/11/8807/11/88

07/11/8807/11/8807/11/8807/11/8807/1 1/88

07/11/8807/11/8807/11/8805/16/8905/16/89

05/16/8905/16/8905/16/8905/16/8905/16/89

161

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

05/16/89

05/16/89

06/14/89

06/14/89

06/14/89

06/14/89

06/14/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/24/89

07/04/89

07/04/89

07/04/89

07/04/89

Time

1900

1945

1930

1945

2000

2015

2115

1830

1845

1900

1915

1930

1945

2000

2015

2030

2045

2100

2115

2130

2145

2200

2215

2230

2245

2300

2315

2330

2345

2400

15

2245

2300

2315

2330

SpecificDischarge conductance

(L/s) (uS/cm)

110

110

23.8

23.8

21.5

21.5

21.5

42.5

99.1

130

116

116

105

82.1

70.8

62.3

53.8

51

45.3

42.5

42.5

39.6

36.8

36.8

36.8

34

34

34

31.1

31.1

31.1

16.1

28.3

31.1

42.5

20

20

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

pH (units) i(

Field Laboratory

5.92

5.96

5.43

5.41

5.39

5.37

5.42

5.69

5.56

5.43

5.42

5.5

5.43

5.48

5.43

5.46

5.56

5.48

5.53

5.47

5.55

5.58

5.6

5.68

5.59

5.58

5.6

5.54

5.58

5.55

5.57

5.67

5.59

5.44

5.57

6.01

5.96

5.79

5.9

5.83

5.77

6.31

5.28

5.96

6.02

5.99

6.03

6.01

6.02

6.06

6.11

6.1

6.04

6.19

6.18

6.17

6.19

6.15

6.23

6.4

6.13

6.3

6.26

6.38

6.35

6.37

5.78

5.99

6.01

6.05

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

32.6

32.9

24.7

22.8

25.6

31.1

30.3

35.2

34.2

36.4

37.2

39.4

40.7

37

35.2

36

35.1

36.3

36.6

35.1

33.6

34.2

33.7

35

34.2

33.6

33.6

33.8

32.9

34.3

35.7

37

34.1

35.6

36.2

52.5

52.4

39

37.9

41.5

49.4

47.2

45.8

46.3

50.7

52.6

55.1

54.7

52.7

50.5

49.8

50

51.3

51.2

51.2

50.1

49.8

50.4

49.1

49.9

48.5

49.6

49.8

49

50.1

50.7

50.3

47.4

49.7

50.2

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

35.6

34.2

38.4

37.6

38.4

39.5

38.3

35.2

32.5

34.1

32.5

31.9

32.4

33.4

34.5

33.6

35.6

35.6

37.1

36.9

36.1

41.1

38.9

40.4

39.5

39.6

38.9

38.9

39.9

40.3

39.1

39

36.4

35.6

34.6

26.3

25.5

19.5

19.2

19.9

21.5

20.7

22.6

24

24.6

24

24.1

25

22.9

23

22.2

22.7

22.1

23

22.4

21.9

22.9

21.9

22.4

22.1

22.1

21.6

21.8

22.1

22.2

21.8

20.8

21.1

21.7

21.5

162

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate,

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

32.2

32.4

34.2

31.4

33.8

34.4

33.6

36

32.1

31

39.6

29.8

29.6

31.1

30.4

30.3

30.7

31.9

32.1

37.4

32.2

32.6

32.2

32.7

32

31.9

32.4

32.8

31.5

32.4

32

35.9

33

31.8

31.3

12.2

16.4

3.82

3.88

6.21

6.28

6.52

10.6

13.3

14.6

16.8

17.2

16.4

15.8

15

13.6

16.4

14

14.2

13.1

12.8

12.5

12

11.9

11.9

12.4

11.9

12

12.2

12

14

7.84

9.28

10.1

10.6

78.7

78.2

38.3

35.1

37.5

37.4

38

48.1

60.5

62

68

70.9

69.2

68.1

65.6

60

62.4

62.3

62

58.8

59.6

57.3

55

55.4

55.1

55.2

54.7

55

53.1

54.7

53.6

41

45.4

49.3

52.9

ANC (ueq/L)

15

14

46

41

44

43

45

32

27

26

20

18

22

24

27

26

28

28

29

32

33

35

35

32

31

32

35

35

31

38

34

40

35

29

26

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

93

94

110

108

109

108

109

107

96

95

91

90

92

93

95

95

97

97

97

95

98

99

102

102

101

100

102

104

104

102

104

106

97.5

95.4

91.8

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

Sample- collection

date

05/16/89

05/16/89

06/14/89

06/14/89

06/14/89

06/14/89

06/14/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/23/89

06/24/89

07/04/89

07/04/89

07/04/89

07/04/89

163

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

07/04/8907/04/8907/05/8907/05/8907/05/89

07/05/8907/05/8907/05/8907/05/8907/05/89

07/05/8907/05/8907/05/8907/05/8907/05/89

07/05/8907/05/8907/05/8907/05/8907/13/89

07/13/89

07/13/8907/13/8907/13/8907/13/89

07/13/8907/13/8907/13/8907/13/8907/13/89

07/13/8907/13/8907/13/8907/13/8907/13/89

Time

23452400

153045

100115130145200

215230245300315

330345400415700

715

730745800815

830845900915930

9451000101510301045

SpecificDischarge conductance

(L/s) (uS/cm)

45.345.345.342.542.5

42.542.545.345.342.5

39.63431.128.326

23.823.823.821.516.1

16.1

28.336.845.351

45.342.536.83428.3

2623.821.519.519.5

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

pH (units) i(

Field Laboratory

5.55.475.445.495.44

5.425.375.395.45.43

5.495.45.445.485.42

5.455.455.435.425.58

5.58

5.545.495.445.49

5.485.55.515.485.49

5.545.585.545.545.57

6.086.096.036.096.08

6.186.046.126.26.18

6.26.226.216.246.26

6.276.216.286.236.06

6.09

6.096.16.016.1

6.086.186.176.236.2

6.416.286.46.416.36

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

3840.340.240.640.5

43.14443.645.543.7

43.542.943.942.942.4

40.541.138.939.640.6

38.238.841.74242.8

42.642.341.240.4

42.5

40.439.44039.539.5

53.855.755.856.256.7

58.660.461.863.263.8

63.563.661.8

6160.5

59.458.357.85758.6

54.857.1

61.262.662.2

62.862.160.86162.7

60.759.359.658.958.5

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

35.134.334.234.434.5

34.133.338.838.438.4

38.338.838.538.237.6

38.238.237.937.640.8

37.5

393737.437.3

37.636.938.440.640.4

38.8394040.739.8

22.222.121.621.721.9

22.121.624.824.524.1

23.723.223.623.122.4

23.221.921.922.124.4

2525.525.225.525.6

24.924.224.325.226.1

24.62525.125.324.4

164

Aluminum, Iron, total, total,

dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (neq/L)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

Chloride, dissolved Gieq/L)

3130.431.231.229.5

33.929.930.329.329.9

28.529.9303030.7

31.331.23131.431.8

30.329.628.829.229.5

28.729.429.729.730.7

3029.129.527.8

30.4

Nitrate, Sulfate, dissolved dissolved faeq/L) (ueq/L)

10.910.510.310.610.5

10.711.4119.749.32

8.859.088.898.619.23

8.628.568.418.48

19.2

20.521.822.521.721.1

19.819.318.617.816.3

15.414.614.313.2

12.8

57.95859.564.863

66.366.664.966.366.7

63.965.76563.364.3

61.961.66160.752.1

57.962.967.668.367.9

66.26665.463.768.4

67.767.36867.1

66.6

ANC (Ueq/L)

2422222725

2221242221

2528272929

3331313532

2723212122

2425262627

27262527

25

Silica, dissolved (nmol/L)

90.48989.789.790.1

90.88988.687.987.9

88.391.591.593.697.2

91.890.490.187.695.4

91.188.68482.282.9

85.887.989.790.890.8

91.190.189.789.7

90.8

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

Sample- collection

date

07/04/8907/04/89

07/05/8907/05/89

07/05/89

07/05/8907/05/8907/05/8907/05/8907/05/89

07/05/8907/05/8907/05/8907/05/8907/05/89

07/05/8907/05/8907/05/8907/05/8907/13/89

07/13/8907/13/8907/13/8907/13/8907/13/89

07/13/8907/13/8907/13/8907/13/8907/13/89

07/13/8907/13/8907/13/8907/13/89

07/13/89

165

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

07/20/8907/20/8907/20/8907/20/8907/20/89

07/20/8907/20/8907/20/8907/20/8907/20/89

07/20/8907/20/8907/20/8907/20/8907/20/89

07/20/8907/20/8907/20/8907/30/8907/30/89

07/30/8907/30/8907/30/8907/30/8907/30/89

07/30/8912/31/8912/31/8912/31/8912/31/89

12/31/8912/31/8912/31/8912/31/8912/31/89

Time

130145200215230

245300315330345

400415430445500

515530545

20302045

21002115213021452200

2215945

100010151030

10451100111511301145

SpecificDischarge conductance

(L/s) (uS/cm)

16.121.531.136.842.5

42.539.636.83434

31.128.328.32623.8

23.821.521.513.314.7

17.821.52628.331.1

31.15.665.665.666.51

7.368.5

12.213.3

34

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

363536

3636363636

pH (units) ic

Field Laboratory

5.535.515.48

5.475.43

5.425.435.445.475.43

5.415.445.445.445.37

5.395.395.385.75.6

5.475.545.515.485.52

5.55.935.985.925.95

5.915.95.885.875.85

6.066.146.336.366.35

6.386.336.36.36.33

6.296.266.296.36.26

6.286.216.266.376.32

6.266.296.346.286.36

6.335.9365.946.05

5.855.925.935.985.94

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved faeq/L) (ueq/L)

35.534.434.936.237.3

37.74142.341.241

42.743.142.442.742.5

42.442.2424442.2

4545.745.546.345.4

46.459.956.462.464.9

63.963.961.962.964.9

49.348.248.850.753

53.656.558.36060.1

60.961.660.660.360.2

60.260.1606361.7

666766.967.967.4

67.394.6

92.999.5

104

104103100101105

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (ueq/L)

37.737.436.234.634.3

34.135.334.638.237.7

37.938.839.74039.6

39.940.239.240.338.6

40.939.939.539.140.1

40.848.748.34748.3

4745.2474747.8

21.722.822.422.522

22.222.422.323.723.3

23.624.22424.624.1

24.123.222.922.622.6

2423.423.322.923

2340.444.546.647.6

48.648.348.147.648.1

166

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (neq/L) (neq/L)

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

4.89

5.78

6.56

8.01

8.23

8.23

7.78

8.45

9.34

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

2.15

1.93

2.08

n.a.

1.79

1.86

29.8

29.2

28.4

27.1

27.4

27.2

27.2

26.6

26.8

27.6

28.6

27.8

27.3

27.7

27.9

28.6

29.1

29

30.1

30.1

30.6

30.1

31.6

29.8

29.7

30.1

56.1

49.7

52.3

51.2

54.4

53.4

52.3

50.4

51.1

Nitrate, Sulfate, dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (neq/L)

8.5

8.47

8.61

8.5

7.94

8.69

7.86

7.75

7.96

8

8.31

7.73

7.56

7.43

6.93

7.68

10.7

6.53

13.3

17.4

17.7

17.8

17.1

16.9

16.6

15.7

48.3

51.4

54.8

57.9

58.2

58.6

58.1

52.4

52.4

45.3

50.1

53

55.957.7

59.3

62.3

63.5

63.5

65.4

66

66.4

65.6

66.1

66.1

65.8

64.1

63.5

60.3

66.9

71.1

73.3

73

72.7

71.9

69.1

93.8

103

116

120

128

124

124

126

127

ANC (neq/L)

37

30

29

27

27

21

25

27

23

28

27

34

28

34

31

29

35

33

39

29

25

23

29

24

23

27

28

22

27

22

22

22

20

16

13

Silica, dissolved Delta D Delta 18O (nmol/L) (per mil) (per mil)

95.4

91.1

89.7

85.8

82.9

84

84.7

87.2

87.2

89

89

91.1

90.4

91.1

94.3

93.6

96.1

97.5

97.9

96.1

94.3

92.9

93.3

96.5

95.8

96.5

102

99

97.5

95.4

94

94.7

95.1

95.8

95.4

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

Sample- collection

date

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/20/89

07/30/89

07/30/89

07/30/89

07/30/89

07/30/89

07/30/89

07/30/89

07/30/89

12/31/89

12/31/89

12/31/89

12/31/89

12/31/89

12/31/89

12/31/89

12/31/89

12/31/89

167

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 Continued

Sample- collection

date

12/31/89

12/31/89

12/31/89

12/31/89

12/31/89

12/31/89

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/10/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

Time

1200

1215

1230

1330

1430

1530

245

300

315

330

345

400

415

430

445

545

645

745

800

815

830

1100

1200

1230

1300

1330

1400

1430

1500

1530

1600

1630

1730

1830

1930

Discharge c(L/s)

34

36.8

39.6

39.6

39.6

39.6

16.1

16.1

17

17.8

17.8

18.7

19.5

20.7

21.5

21.5

21.5

21.5

21.5

22.6

24.9

76.4

76.4

70.8

70.8

70.8

68

68

62.3

62.3

62.3

62.3

59.5

59.5

53.8

Specific conductance (uS/cm)

36

36

38

40

40

39

20

18

19

19

19

19

19

20

19

19

20

20

21

22

21

21

21

22

19

20

20

20

20

20

19

20

21

20

19

pH (units) i(

Field Laboratory

5.83

5.81

5.8

5.81

5.8

5.86

6.2

6.38

6.42

6.47

6.49

6.55

6.48

6.48

6.5

6.38

6.54

6.37

6.4

6.34

6.35

5.88

5.81

6.14

6.23

6.18

6.26

6.25

6.32

6.41

6.39

6.28

6.4

6.32

6.26

5.78

5.89

5.83

5.87

5.86

5.9

6.37

6.35

6.45

6.42

6.38

6.43

6.44

6.36

6.37

6.24

6.17

6.26

6.29

6.29

6.35

5.89

6.15

6.27

6.48

6.57

6.31

6.46

6.39

6.48

6.33

6.32

6.63

6.31

6.27

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

65.9

67.9

68.4

75.4

78.3

73.8

36.5

30.7

30.5

31

31.8

31.2

31.3

31.9

32.2

31.6

33.2

37.5

38.5

40.3

39.4

42.2

43.7

60.4

68.4

68.9

55.4

62.9

56.9

54.9

47.8

52.4

56.9

44.7

40.4

109

111

114

124

128

123

54.7

48.3

47.9

48.6

49.3

48.6

48.1

49.7

48.4

49.7

50.8

57

58.3

61.7

61

63.6

65.5

73.7

62.3

60.3

63.7

62

61.3

58.1

59.7

59

55.3

58.4

57.6

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

47.8

47.8

49.2

48.3

49.6

50

39.4

37.9

38.2

37.1

37.6

35.8

37.2

36.9

37.8

38.2

39.5

38.8

39

39.4

39

34.4

32.4

37.7

37.8

37.1

39.7

37.8

37

36.5

36.7

36.3

36.3

36.5

35.8

48.6

49.4

50.1

51.7

49.6

48.1

25.4

22.9

22.8

22

22.5

24.5

22.7

22

22.6

23

23.9

25.8

26.6

27.1

27.4

24.6

23.6

25.1

25

23.8

27.4

25.6

24.9

24.6

26.8

23.8

22.4

24.5

24.2

168

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

9.7810.210.411.911.1

104.784.454.454.45

4.894.454.7855.45

5.566.348.569.9

11

111919.216.915.6

14.314.612.71211.7

11.210.69.569.98.78

1.972.362.112.612.15

1.97<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

1.931.86

<0.38<0.38<0.38

0.381.792.442.112.9

2.43.012.583.223.04

1.793.042.36

<0.382.15

1.97<0.38<0.38O.38O.38

51.950.651.152.952.4

51.134.5

30.329.327.7

33.636.83231.732.6

33.332.530.829.729.6

29.626.125

28.230.6

n.a.32

n.a.30.330.9

3229.229.632.131.1

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

52.752.353.353.751.1

47.612.413.412.213.9

151513.416.816.1

22.113.713.611.311.3

10.98.097.167.518.39

n.a.8.64n.a.8.047.66

7.377.427.678.647.71

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

132133142152154

15040.1

37.538.235.4

43.243.142.443.245.2

47.349.257.359.160.3

627376.673.172.4

n.a.79.6

n.a.78.877.6

81.177.474.678.7

77.9

ANC (ueq/L)

111714

814

1844374533

3738393336

2937313131

3020172335

4628453336

2638412829

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

95.896.192.993.395.4

96.8104102102103

105104102103102

10210194.794.794.7

94.384.483.788.684.7

85.489.486.990.490.4

91.58990.897.5

101

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.-47

-45

-46.5^6.5

-41

-47.5-46.5-45

-45.5

-46-46-42

-42.5-42.5

-43.5n.a.n.a.

-45.5n.a.

-45.5n.a.

-45.5n.a.

-46

n.a.-47-47-47-46

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.-7.75-7.8-7.8-7.8

-7.85-7.85-7.85-7.75-7.75

-7.7-7.7-7.4

-7.35-7.35

-7.35n.a.n.a.

-7.7

n.a.

-7.6

n.a.-7.6

n.a.-7.7

n.a.-7.7-7.7

-7.65-7.7

Sample- collection

date

12/31/8912/31/8912/31/8912/31/8912/31/89

12/31/8905/10/9005/10/9005/10/9005/10/90

05/10/9005/10/9005/10/9005/10/9005/10/90

05/10/9005/10/9005/10/9005/10/9005/10/90

05/10/9005/29/9005/29/9005/29/9005/29/90

05/29/9005/29/9005/29/9005/29/9005/29/90

05/29/9005/29/9005/29/9005/29/9005/29/90

169

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

05/29/90

08/05/90

08/05/90

08/06/90

08/06/90

08/20/90

08/20/90

08/20/90

08/20/90

08/20/90

08/20/90

08/20/90

10/11/90

10/11/90

10/11/90

10/11/90

10/11/90

10/11/90

10/11/90

10/11/90

10/11/90

10/11/90

10/11/90

10/11/90

10/12/90

10/12/90

10/12/90

10/12/90

10/12/90

10/12/90

10/12/90

10/13/90

Time

2030

2130

2230

2330

2031

2102

1529

1901

335

352

432

441

448

639

741

450

517

546

617

651

725

749

1132

1201

1232

1317

1447

2314

2317

2323

2328

2342

2356

2400

101

Discharge a (L/s)

53.8

45.3

45.3

42.5

5.72

8.52

12.1

7.42

9.63

13.4

17.8

23.7

33.8

21.5

14.7

7.22

9.91

13.1

16.8

21

25.8

31.2

25.8

21

16.8

13.1

8.52

6.06

8.52

11.4

14.9

18.8

25.8

31.2

37.2

Specific anductance (uS/cm)

19

19

19

19

32

26

22

21

136

41

29

25

25

26

25

27

27

28

30

33

35

35

38

36

36

34

33

52

28

25

25

27

28

28

28

pH (units)

Field Laboratory

6.436.456.44

6.47

6.09

6.04

6.08

5.26

5.78

5.78

5.82

5.83

5.72

5.67

5.8

6.31

6.35

6.32

6.28

6.25

6.19

6.14

6.04

6.02

6.15

6.25

6.25

6.31

6.25

6.26

6.25

6.25

6.03

6.1

5.94

6.54

6.51

6.5

6.58

6.62

6.4

6.18

6.35

6.13

6.19

6.07

6.06

5.67

5.9

5.99

6.57

6.64

6.72

6.64

6.54

6.6

6.49

6.3

6.01

6.33

6.36

6.41

6.6

6.56

6.59

6.44

6.37

6.38

6.34

6.03

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

51.9

43.2

44.4

51.4

61.9

53.9

47.6

41.2

104

54.9

50.9

50.9

47.8

51.4

49.8

48.7

49.6

52.4

54.9

58.4

62.4

66.4

76.3

75.3

73.4

67.9

64.4

66.4

47.8

47

50.4

55.4

57.9

57.4

59.4

56.8

56.2

55.5

51.6

79.1

75

63.3

57.3

119

75.7

69.9

68.7

63.4

69.9

69.1

63.5

66.8

73.8

78.8

83

88.8

94.6

108

107

104

98.7

94.6

86.4

65.5

65.7

69

76.7

81.6

81.2

82.2

Sodium, dissolved (ueq/L)

36.9

36.9

38.3

38.4

44.8

44.4

39.7

41.9

50.9

45.2

42.4

41.4

31

33

34

55.7

59.6

62.2

65.7

77

67.8

70

67.8

70.9

72.6

66.1

62.2

54.8

48.3

48.3

49.2

48.7

50.9

50.4

51.3

Potassium, dissolved (ueq/L)

22.5

23.1

23.1

22.2

69.6

40.9

28.4

26.6

606

124

46.3

36.6

30.4

32.2

29.9

57

53.7

51.2

53.7

55

56.3

57.5

52.9

52.7

52.4

46

43.7

193

70.6

45.3

41.7

43.2

43.2

44

40.7

170

Aluminum, Iron, total, total,

dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

7.897.456.7864.89

6.788.1267.568.12

9.1210.19.78

1110.2

455.785.896.67

7.238.459.679.99.12

7.456.234.195.456.78

8.5611.11312.7

14.6

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.382.18

<0.383.942.15

1.971.832.612.76

2.58

22.182.18

<0.382.11

1.831.792.262.682.65

3.442.65

<0.383.152.58

3.543.653.293.33

4.33

Chloride, dissolved (ueq/L)

32.831.632.834.291

55.126.522.4

721103

28.721.518.822.5

20.8

90.185.496.4

104110

123126134127126

12411922211672.9

64.669.876.877

72.2

Nitrate, Sulfate, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

8.946.888.529.07

11.9

20.58.677.02

11.112.2

13.714.21313.7

10.9

1.031.140.630.730.66

1.370.99

2.771.792.72

1.67<0.45<0.45<0.45<0.45

<0.45<0.45<0.45<0.45

O.45

74.874.671.769.649.3

65.344.934.875.856.6

62.768.762.975.4

69.8

46.15463.669.677

83.287.5

103101103

99.196.357.856.654

64.168.475.477.4

78.4

ANC (ueq/L)

40353648

n.a.

4127285818

15131413

14

7467605754

4545

263224

3233856863

57444737

33

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

101103104106104

10299.3

10510292.6

84.774.865.972.6

78.3

123119116112108

10298.6

88.690.191.5

93.399.7

10510299

95.890.488.688.6

85.1

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-47

-46.5-47

-47.5-43.5

-41

-46.5-45

-44.5-40.5

-42.5-40.5-41

-41.5-40

-44-43

-40.5-39-37

-34.5-33-28

-28.5-28.5

-30

-29.5-37-39

-36.5

-35

-32.5-31

-32.5

-32.5

-7.7-7.7-7.8

-7.75n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.

-7.55-7.25-7.15-6.9

-6.65

-6.3

-6.15-5.4

-5.45-5.65

-5.8

-5.95-6.75-6.6

-6.35

-6.2

-6.05-5.85-5.8

-5.8

Sample- collection

date

05/29/9005/29/9005/29/9005/29/9008/05/90

08/05/9008/06/9008/06/9008/20/9008/20/90

08/20/9008/20/9008/20/9008/20/90

08/20/90

10/11/9010/11/9010/11/9010/11/9010/11/90

10/11/9010/11/90

10/11/9010/11/9010/11/90

10/11/9010/11/9010/12/9010/12/9010/12/90

10/12/9010/12/9010/12/9010/12/90

10/13/90

171

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

10/13/9010/13/9010/13/9010/13/90

10/18/90

10/18/9010/18/9010/18/9010/18/9010/18/90

10/18/9010/18/9010/18/9010/18/9010/19/90

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

10/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/9010/23/90

Time

136139157207

1456

15071515152015271558

1637184219122001

216

348405415435446

456506520537544

556747813

11301137

12221400

153017301900

Discharge cc (L/s)

47.354.967.476.6

6.06

8.5211.414.918.823.4

28.423.418.814.911.4

14.918.823.428.434.2

40.45158.967.476.6

86.576.667.476.667.4

58.947.340.434.228.4

Specific inductance (uS/cm)

2729282923

2222222325

2326272623

2122212224

2526242628

2729293029

3130292827

pH (units) ic

Field Laboratory

5.945.945.795.71

6.04

6.256.226.176.176.13

6.076.076.146.26.36

6.36.326.36.296.18

6.066.096.056.056

5.945.895.915.395.4

5.295.445.515.75.74

6.086.095.965.97

6.44

6.396.466.316.265.81

6.045.996.046.016.36

6.446.136.266.166.08

6.036.035.855.915.92

5.865.75.745.545.58

5.65.75.846.266.01

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

59.460.963.463.4

46.4

41.940.944.448.453.9

51.959.457.954.445.9

44.440.942.448.451.9

53.454.455.957.458.4

60.964.955.970.870.8

70.870.867.961.459.4

81.88386.385.5

63

58.359.461.869.474.8

71.981.480.675.664.5

60.857.260.668.373.2

76.576.578.982.283

85.592.181.497.999.5

99.599.5

95.48884.7

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

4746.546.546.549.6

47.846.544.44747.4

4751.352.254.860.9

53.154.85050.451.8

50.447.843.550.951.3

51.346.145.739.640.4

41.841.343.143.142.6

43.744.844.544.2

43

39.637.638.441.440.9

39.637.836.336.134.8

36.132.53235.336.1

37.637.336.338.139.1

38.936.632.236.136.8

37.836.335.834.533.5

172

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

16

16.6

19.5

19.1

5.58

5.76

6.45

8.67

11

13.1

14.7

15.1

13.7

12.3

7.56

6.89

7.78

9.01

12.4

14.6

16.7

17.6

18.7

21.9

22.8

24.2

26.9

23.6

27

28.1

25.9

20.9

17.6

14.8

13.1

4.44

4.48

4.58

4.87

2.15

2.51

2.15

2.86

2.51

2.86

2.86

2.86

2.86

3.22

<0.38

2.86

0.38

<0.38

2.15

3.22

3.58

3.94

4.3

5.01

3.94

4.3

5.01

4.3

2.86

3.58

3.22

2.51

O.38

<0.38

0.38

70

67.6

69.7

71.6

65.1

56.4

52.9

54.3

57

48.2

61

64

64.3

64.4

60.7

53.8

47.5

47

48.2

50.2

52.3

51

52.6

52

52.6

51.8

48.6

50.4

46.6

51.4

51.4

51.5

51.6

66.5

51.2

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

O.45

O.45

O.45

O.45

0.54

O.45

O.45

0.51

0.45

1.92

1.37

0.45

O.45

O.45

O.45

O.45

0.45

O.45

O.45

O.45

0.45

0.45

1.51

O.45

O.45

O.45

O.45

0.45

3.34

3.29

5.13

5.73

4.52

0.93

O.45

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

83.9

76.7

87.5

93.7

51.4

48.6

56.1

60.7

64.5

127

71.2

82.7

78.4

83.1

70.2

56.6

59.6

63.8

71.3

78

82.9

82.8

88.3

90.9

92.2

94.2

102

109

125

140

143

142

147

71.9

130

ANC (ueq/L)

21

18

14

27

57

51

47

44

47

15

27

14

26

28

39

54

54

44

44

40

32

32

22

21

29

27

15

14

11

13

12

12

14

21

16

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

71.2

69.4

63

61.6

112

107

101

95.8

90.4

88.6

85.8

89.7

90.8

95.8

111

115

108

104

100

94.3

90.8

87.2

82.2

78

76.2

73

69.1

65.9

71.2

73.7

75.1

80.5

85.1

89.4

93.3

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-28

-26

-23.5

-23.5-43

-43.5

-43.5-44

-43

-42.5

-43

-40.5-40

-41

-42

-40.5

-39.5

-38.5

-36.5

-33.5

-33

-31.5-31

-30.5

-30.5

-29.5-26

-25.5-24

-23

-24

-24.5-25

-28

-29.5

-5.05

-4.85-4.6

-4.6

-7.3

-7.45

-7.45

-7.35

-7.35-7.3

-7.25

-7.15-7.1

-7.1

-7.35

-7.35

-7.25

-7.05

-6.75

-6.65

-6.55

-6.45

-6.35

-6.25-6.1

-6.05-5.8

-5.75-5.3

-5.25

-5.35-5.4

-5.55-5.7

-5.85

Sample- collection

date

10/13/90

10/13/90

10/13/90

10/13/90

10/18/90

10/18/90

10/18/90

10/18/90

10/18/90

10/18/90

10/18/90

10/18/90

10/18/90

10/18/90

10/19/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

10/23/90

173

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

10/23/90

10/24/90

1 1/05/90

11/05/90

11/05/90

11/06/90

11/06/90

11/06/90

11/06/90

12/03/90

12/04/90

12/04/90

12/04/90

12/04/90

12/04/90

12/04/90

12/30/90

12/30/90

12/30/90

12/30/90

12/30/90

12/30/90

12/31/90

01/16/91

01/16/91

01/16/91

03/04/91

03/04/91

03/04/91

03/04/91

03/04/91

03/04/91

03/23/91

03/23/91

03/23/91

Time

2102

1

2249

2326

2354

6

27

327

622

1945

316

335

358

445

729

944

1037

1206

1251

1342

1413

1612

947

608

644

915

325

355

420

440

829

1217

918

947

1023

Discharge c (L/s)

23.4

18.8

14.9

18.8

23.4

28.4

34.2

28.4

23.4

37.2

34.2

43.8

51

58.9

51

43.8

25.8

31.2

37.2

47.3

54.9

63.1

54.9

40.4

47.3

54.9

34.2

40.4

47.3

54.9

47.3

40.4

37.2

43.8

51

Specific onductance (uS/cm)

26

26

21

22

24

24

24

23

21

30

29

29

30

30

30

29

21

18

19

19

19

19

21

18

19

19

22

22

23

24

24

22

22

22

22

pH (units) i<

Field Laboratory

5.73

5.8

5.93

6.17

6.18

6.19

6.18

6.13

6.18

5.84

6

6.05

6.01

5.95

6.01

6.09

6.18

6.31

6.26

6.28

6.21

6.15

6.21

6.19

6.18

6.11

5.99

6.17

6.16

6.12

6.13

6.19

6.15

6.27

6.24

6.1

6.17

6.43

6.43

6.34

6.34

6.41

6.32

6.41

6.74

6.21

6.17

5.99

5.95

6.11

6.19

6.24

6.39

6.32

6.28

6.21

6.17

6.3

6.43

6.25

6.18

6.33

6.4

6.36

6.28

6.16

6.35

6.26

6.22

6.23

Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

55.9

50.937.9

37.4

38.9

41.9

40.4

40.9

35.4

63.4

58.9

58.9

60.4

62.4

59.9

55.9

34.4

30.4

34.4

34.9

35.7

36.9

36.9

35.4

35.4

38.9

44.4

45.4

49.4

53.4

50.9

41.4

42.9

41.4

44.9

79.8

7452.7

54.7

58.3

60.7

60.8

61.6

55.1

92.1

88

86.4

89.6

92.9

92.1

84.7

41.7

45.3

48.9

51.2

52.8

57.9

57.2

49.9

52.6

59.7

62.7

64.3

69.5

73.2

72.4

62.7

63.1

60.9

64.3

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

43.5

43.1

44.4

44.4

44.4

43.1

44.4

47

44.4

49.2

47.8

45.2

45.2

45.2

47

44.8

42.6

39.1

38.3

36.6

35.6

37.3

37.5

40

38.5

37.8

43.1

40.9

40

40.4

40.4

40.9

41.2

39.8

37.3

33.2

3231.4

33.8

36.6

37.3

38.4

34.3

30.2

44

43.7

45.5

45.8

46.6

46.6

41.7

24.8

24.8

25.3

25.6

26.1

28.4

25.6

24.3

25.1

27.4

30.2

30.9

32.2

33.5

32.5

29.4

29.9

30.2

31.5

174

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved faeq/L) (ueq/L) (neq/L)

119.123.424.275.1

5.596.345.334.11

13.1

12.813.71617.815.1

11.84.456.458.239.9

10.913.3

5.897.349.78

13.29.23

12.11517.1

14.28.679.01

10.814.2

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

2.51

2.512.51

<0.38<0.38

2.04

2.362.512.36

<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.381.792.513.583.58

2.15<0.38<0.38<0.38

2.15

52.85242.744.647.1

49.550.452.149.452.3

51.950.349.652.956.1

56.635.736.434.734.1

33.532.837.937.335.5

33.235.635.534.433.6

35.135.432.730.628.1

Nitrate, dissolved (neq/L)

<0.45<0.4512.615.718.5

22.219.1168.53

12.1

2.963.454.383.481.71

2.3710.711.110.39.78

8.947.499.42

19.816.7

12.720.115.814.813.6

13.29.69

15.215.213.7

Sulfate, dissolved (neq/L)

12811642.849.2

55.3

59.462.763.460.3

112

116113117128134

14344.151.655.758.8

61.370.878.656.861.4

75.460.168.674.378.8

88.682.666.267.873

ANC (ueq/L)

920524541

4138333934

312922

021

1943383030

2422363022

1343323331

3336323024

Silica, dissolved (nmol/L)

99103116110107

106104110104103

97.996.195.89497.5

10211211210499.7

98.6

93.311094.290.9

82.890.685.883.982.3

86.393.191.989.381.1

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-31.5-32.5-44.5-42-40

-39.5-40.5-40

^0.5-34.5

-32.5-31.5-29.5-29.5-30

-30.5^9.5-50

-52.5-53.5

-55

-54.5-45.5-46.5-46

-47.5-47

-46.5-46-47

-46

-46.5-45

-45.5-45

-6.05-6.3

-7.65-7.6

-7.35

-7.2

-7.15-7.3-7.4

-6.75

-6.55-6.4-6.1-6.2-6.1

-6.3-8.2-8.4-8.7-8.8

-9

-9.05-7.85-8-8

-8.05-7.8-7.8

-7.85-7.75

-7.85-7.9-7.8

-7.65-7.65

Sample- collection

date

10/23/9010/24/9011/05/9011/05/9011/05/90

11/06/9011/06/901 1/06/9011/06/9012/03/90

12/04/9012/04/9012/04/9012/04/9012/04/90

12/04/9012/30/9012/30/9012/30/9012/30/90

12/30/9012/30/90

12/31/9001/16/9101/16/91

01/16/9103/04/9103/04/9103/04/9103/04/91

03/04/9103/04/9103/23/9103/23/9103/23/91

175

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

03/23/91

03/23/91

03/23/91

05/06/91

05/06/91

05/06/91

05/06/91

05/06/91

05/06/91

05/06/91

05/07/91

05/17/91

05/17/91

05/17/91

05/17/91

05/17/91

05/17/91

05/17/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

Time

1045

1612

2239

1029

1625

1634

1651

1703

1828

1929

313

1400

1403

1407

1433

1542

1612

1700

322

325

327

329

331

334

336

343

348

350

352

354

357

403

406

413

421

Discharge cc(L/s)

58.9

51

43.8

23.5

39.6

39.6

39.6

38.5

26.1

25.8

21

23.4

28.4

34.2

43.8

37.2

31.2

25.8

8.52

13.1

21

25.8

31.2

40.4

51

58.9

71.9

86.5

102

114

133

146

168

184

208

Specific >nductance (uS/cm)

22

24

22

21

19

20

21

21

22

22

19

22

24

25

23

23

22

22

30

34

36

37

38

38

40

38

36

35

34

34

35

36

36

34

36

pH (units) ic

Field Laboratory

6.19

6.26

6.37

6.14

6.09

6.07

6.11

6.18

6.3

6.28

6.32

6.09

6.12

6.04

6.02

6.23

6.24

6.55

6

5.83

5.76

5.67

5.65

5.7

5.65

5.61

5.62

5.62

5.65

5.65

5.58

5.54

5.5

5.42

5.43

6.13

6.23

6.33

6.31

6.37

6.39

6.21

6.46

6.48

6.09

6.45

6.43

6.36

6.36

6.54

6.56

6.62

6.66

6.15

6.15

5.91

5.67

5.67

5.79

5.67

5.66

5.66

5.71

5.68

5.77

5.69

5.55

5.58

5.51

5.49

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

46.9

46.9

39.9

43.4

37.4

45.9

49.4

46.9

49.4

47.9

33.9

65.9

48.4

61.4

64.9

51.9

48.4

43.9

72.8

72.4

78.8

84.8

85.8

85.3

84.8

85.3

79.8

77.8

76.3

77.3

76.8

79.8

79.8

81.8

83.3

69

72.3

61.9

59

51.4

52.4

60.9

60.5

63.4

63.4

49.5

58.5

50.7

71

64.8

72.2

70.6

65.7

87.2

92.1

100

107

108

108

108

107

100

96.2

93.8

94.6

93.8

97

97

101

101

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

36

39.3

40.6

40.3

38.5

39.2

38.7

38.7

41.1

43.5

41.8

40.9

32.6

37.6

40.4

43.5

43.5

43.9

45.2

41.8

40

38.4

37.4

35.9

34.3

33.9

32

32.3

31.7

33.1

32.1

31.1

32

32.9

31.9

32

32

28.9

26.3

28.9

33

33.5

31.5

29.9

29.4

24.8

32.5

26.3

37.1

35.5

31.4

29.2

27.1

30.7

55.5

61.1

68.8

68

70.8

69.8

69.8

64.2

62.6

59.1

60.4

59.1

60.4

60.6

61.9

60.4

176

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (neq/L) (neq/L)

17.2

11.3

5.78

3.89

4.45

6.78

11.9

11.7

11.3

9.45

3.67

4.22

4.45

6.23

8.56

7.34

5.89

5

4.78

7.89

9.34

10.8

11.1

12.4

13.1

14.9

14.4

14.1

13.1

13.2

13.6

15.3

16.6

18.7

18.9

3.94

2.15

2.15

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

2.86

2.51

3.22

2.51

<0.38

2.51

3.58

3.58

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

6.8

5.37

5.01

4.66

5.01

5.01

4.66

4.3

3.94

3.58

3.94

4.3

4.66

5.73

5.37

5.73

5.01

26.8

30

32.4

33.3

32.1

29.8

28.9

28.7

29

33.2

36.8

34

27.9

25.2

29.7

29.6

26.6

28

34.2

35.4

34.9

31.8

35.8

32

28.9

28.5

25.9

26

25.8

26.4

26.1

25.1

26.5

26.3

24.7

Nitrate, dissolved (neq/L)

13.3

9.07

9.65

14.2

11.3

11.9

12.7

12

12.6

14.4

12

<0.45

0.45

<0.45

3.32

8.43

11.6

15.6

42.6

60.9

68

68.4

75.5

75.3

70.8

72.2

63.4

63.3

62.5

62.1

62.4

61.5

63.6

63.3

62

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

78.2

95.8

79.3

41

39.9

40.4

52.2

49.2

48.7

56.3

49.2

46.1

45.3

46.9

61.5

57.3

49.4

49.4

63.5

89.4

101

102

112

116

110

117

108

108

108

108

110

110

117

119

121

ANC (neq/L)

19

31

36

51

59

59

47

50

50

46

51

101

80

68

76

58

48

49

56

44

34

33

38

24

24

24

20

16

19

15

15

12

17

12

16

Silica, dissolved (nmol/L)

76

87.4

98

95

93.9

85.9

83.6

85.4

87

92.2

105

93.2

67.3

81.5

81.4

85.2

91.1

94.2

n.a.

88.8

83.1

75.3

74

66.3

61.9

55.5

52.5

53.5

52.8

52.2

51.9

55.3

54.1

53.2

52.5

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-45.5-46

-46.5-44

-44.5

-43.5-44

-44.5

^2.5-44

-45

-44.5-43

-41.5

-42.5

-43

-43.5-46

-43.5

-40.5

-39.5-38

-37.5-37

-35

-34.5

-33.5-32

-35

-34.5

-34.5-34

-33.5

-34.5

-32.5

-7.6

-7.85

-7.85-7.7

-7.75

-7.8

-7.7

-7.65-7.7

-7.65

-7.75-7.6

-7.45

-7.25-7.4

-7.4

-7.45-7.6

-7.55-7.3

-7.2

-6.95-6.8

-6.75-6.6

-6.55-6.5

-6.55

-6.55-6.5

-6.45-6.4

-6.5

-6.35-6.4

Sample- collection

date

03/23/91

03/23/91

03/23/91

05/06/91

05/06/91

05/06/91

05/06/91

05/06/91

05/06/91

05/06/91

05/07/91

05/17/91

05/17/91

05/17/91

05/17/91

05/17/91

05/17/91

05/17/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

06/18/91

177

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

06/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/91

06/18/9106/18/9108/19/9108/19/9108/19/91

08/19/9108/19/9108/19/9108/19/9108/19/91

08/19/9108/19/9108/19/9108/20/9109/04/91

09/04/9109/04/9109/04/91

09/04/9109/04/91

09/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/91

09/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/91

Time

459524533556613

627645

171317571913

19151917192020012043

211021432229

581453

14561501150415091516

16541718175818492205

2218223222482301

2309

Discharge cc (L/s)

192168154140127

114102

1.923.266.06

11.414.918.823.418.8

14.911.47.225.012.55

4.087.22

9.9113.116.8

13.19.917.225.017.22

9.9113.118.823.428.4

Specific inductance (uS/cm)

3634343231

3029272330

30323234

31

3028272432

3338

384040

3332302829

2829

282827

pH (units) ic

Field Laboratory

5.245.245.265.285.33

5.365.426.156.256.13

6.116.116.16.146.18

6.216.226.266.35.91

6.016.096.126.136.14

6.236.286.296.336.3

6.156.156.16.066.02

5.195.275.325.335.41

5.415.495.845.965.81

5.775.795.825.74

5.42

5.695.695.845.735.3

65.69

65.795.97

5.785.995.926.225.95

6.135.865.995.895.91

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (neq/L)

82.379.878.874.470.8

70.467.954.241.354.2

6570.571.969.667.3

5957.350.54183.6

848793.391.695.3

76.874.268.364.266.2

70.368.36968.467.5

10310098.793.889.6

91.388.856.853.966.6

77.387.791.289.786.1

79.675.568.659.680

86.5102

109113118

10198.692.686.488.7

9189.190.687.787.2

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (neq/L)

30.83130.729.729

30.930.943.143.238

34.73434.641.3

44.3

42.645.247.44545.4

45.246.847.245.445.9

49.949.349.750.146

44.14241.538.837

51.249.449.645.543.7

44.24320.118.326.1

31.636.636.330.7

28.9

26.325.123.619.130.3

38.34446.447.649.7

33.13027.825.530.2

32.333.132.833.433.6

178

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride, Nitrate,

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (ueq/L) (neq/L) (jieq/L)

22.722.522.220.720

20.619.621.893.45

4.67665.676.89

4.1153.34

<0.221.8

2.112.222.73.223.6

2.892.72.221.893

3.894.234.64.78

5.23

3.944.33.943.223.94

3.225.011.93.7

5

4.74.93.53.65.6

3.24.84.72.31.8

1.61.522.82.9

2.12.72.11.72

3.12.63.22.9

3.4

22.522.72221.320.9

21.722.335.433.128.7

25.924.825.828.328.5

29.130.530.832.439.7

4149.450.552.650.4

46.14643.242.737

33.734.733.232.4

29.6

54.753.350.64539.3

40.237.415.521.429.2

29.131.230.830.128.8

2725.121.915.338.4

4753.457.859.857.4

43.74340.335.724.7

24.124.523.322.620.4

Sulfate, dissolved (neq/L)

118122120116109

11311157.858.987.7

104115118117113

10810596.4

82.1110

119138147155158

128120112104109

108118116116

111

ANC (neq/L)

98777

76

423433

2626181412

2327272941

3632262622

2619152129

15161213

13

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

5148.448.547.247.8

50.347.8

11010583.4

74.16

69.278.282

86.591.795.4

10297

95.689.2878276.8

89.695.2

101108100

94.988.586.579.7

74.8

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-33.5-33.5-33.5-33-35

-35-35-46-45-42

-39.5-40

-39.5-39

-40.5

-41

-41.5-41.5-43-38

-38-35-34-32

-30.5

-35.5-35.5-36.5-36.5-37.5

-36.5-36-37-37-38

-6.35-6.35-6.5-6.5-6.6

-6.55-6.65-7.65-7.7

-7.25

-7-6.9

-6.75-7-6.9

-7.1-7.1-7.2

-7.45-6.8

-6.65-6.35-6.15-6.1-5.8

-6.4-6.5-6.6-6.7-6.8

-6.7

-6.65-6.6

-6.65

-6.85

Sample- collection

date

06/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/9106/18/91

06/18/9106/18/9108/19/9108/19/9108/19/91

08/19/9108/19/9108/19/9108/19/9108/19/91

08/19/9108/19/9108/19/9108/20/9109/04/91

09/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/91

09/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/91

09/04/9109/04/9109/04/9109/04/91

09/04/91

179

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

09/04/91

09/05/91

09/05/91

09/05/91

09/05/91

09/05/91

09/05/91

09/05/91

09/18/91

09/18/91

09/18/91

09/18/91

09/18/91

09/18/91

09/18/91

09/18/91

09/18/91

02/15/92

02/15/92

02/15/92

02/15/92

02/15/92

02/16/92

02/16/92

03/06/92

03/06/92

03/06/92

03/06/92

03/07/92

03/07/92

03/07/92

03/07/92

03/07/92

03/07/92

03/07/92

Time

2319

31

44

103

119

151

249

433

1808

1810

1812

1814

1819

1842

1940

2020

2309

1108

1129

1151

1243

1335

127

706

1512

2028

2058

2127

341

538

611

111

1135

1341

1812

Discharge cc (L/s)

34.2

28.4

23.4

18.8

14.9

11.4

7.22

5.01

2.55

5.01

9.91

14.9

25.8

40.4

25.8

13.1

5.01

4.08

6.06

8.52

11.4

14.9

9.91

7.22

5.01

7.22

11.4

14.9

18.8

23.4

28.4

34.2

28.4

23.4

18.8

Specific inductance (uS/cm)

27

28

28

27

27

26

25

24

22

23

25

26

28

26

26

25

22

25

26

26

27

28

28

27

23

26

27

29

30

30

30

30

30

30

28

pH (units) ic

Field Laboratory

6

6.03

6.01

6.01

6.05

6.1

6.12

6.27

6.01

6.02

5.99

5.99

5.95

5.85

5.92

6.06

6.31

6.04

6.14

6.11

6.06

6.01

6.05

6.13

6.44

6.31

6.24

6.17

6.09

5.96

5.89

5.76

5.91

6.04

6.16

5.89

6.12

5.8

5.32

5.33

5.48

5.67

6.1

5.51

5.45

5.25

5.53

5.67

5.55

5.09

5.42

5.62

6.06

5.46

6.2

5.69

6.08

6.28

6.24

6.22

6.17

6.13

6.07

5.94

5.86

5.89

5.56

5.93

5.98

6.18

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

67.9

67

65.6

66.9

65.3

60.8

57.2

52.6

47.4

52.7

57.4

62.5

66.3

64.9

61

46.1

42.9

57.8

52.8

56.8

59

61.4

62

57.6

50

57.2

58

63.7

69.1

68.4

69.4

71.6

70.8

66.4

60.4

87

89.3

86.2

86.3

84.7

80.3

77

72.2

54.8

59.3

67.6

74.4

77.7

78.4

77.2

59.2

57.9

78

81.1

85.7

91.4

95

99.6

91.7

67.4

81.3

86.6

92.4

103

103

105

109

110

104

94.4

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

36

36.3

38.6

39.7

40

40.1

41.9

44.3

37.1

33.5

32.8

32.5

32.4

34.8

34.7

33.8

33.1

46.8

45.9

45.6

45.7

45.7

47.5

48.5

44

46.2

44.8

43.2

42.5

39.5

38.1

37.6

38.2

38.9

42.3

34.1

33.1

32.8

32.8

32

29.6

28.3

26.4

21

25.7

29.2

33

36.2

31.6

27.8

19.7

20.4

31.9

34.1

37.9

38.8

40.2

37.7

35.6

34.1

37.1

40.3

43.2

45.3

47.3

46.6

47.4

44.2

41.3

38.6

180

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

5.896.236.456.125.78

4.894.113.111.892.7

33.644.672.11

2.82.224.676.347.12

8.7810.28.97.234.78

8.121113.3

16.918.5

21.324.117.113.5

9.45

3.53.33.54.013.5

5.62.822.182.44

2.582.332.613.013.1

2.292.972.832.152.29

2.472.512.862.151.29

2.262.182.72

3.013.19

3.473.622.151.581.36

29.728.929.227.428.7

29.73132.428.727.8

25.424.92626.226

24.625.535.63737.6

37.337.63939.334.2

37.936.836.6

36.433.8

33.73336.236.337

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

20.419.320.518.718.2

17.214.711.417.3

24.9

25.526.628.223.523

202223.829.831.2

31.731.417.213.316

1818.717.7

118.78

8.637.655.765.135.3

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

112110112105104

10410093.670.287.3

87.793.9

10895.292.1

78.865.674.388.294.2

10010811811470

97.3109117

134136

141145159152134

ANC (ueq/L)

1513121415

1719273123

2922211716

<4

19363226

2022242341

36

2833

2415

2722191829

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

69.769.372.374.276.6

82.78896.597.187

76.772.666.969.377.5

70.199.9

10399.599

95.295.2

104112107

10310097.493.187

81.677.986.292.8

102

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-39.5-41-42

-41.5-42

-40

-41.5-41.5-37-34

-32-29

-28.5-28

-30.5

-32-37-56-55

-56.5

-57.5-57.5-57-55-47

-47.5-47

-45.5-47

-46.5

-47.5-48-50

-50.5 49

-7-7.2-7.1-7.2-7.2

-7.1

-7.25-7.25-6.85-6.5

-6.05-5.8

-5.55-5.65-5.85

-6.2

-6.55-8.95-9-9.3

-9.35-9.35-9.15-9.05-7.9

-7.8

-7.8

-7.75-7.8

-7.85

-7.8

-7.85-8.05-8.1

-8.15

Sample- collection

date

09/04/9109/05/9109/05/9109/05/9109/05/91

09/05/9109/05/9109/05/9109/18/9109/18/91

09/18/9109/18/9109/18/9109/18/9109/18/91

09/18/9109/18/9102/15/9202/15/9202/15/92

02/15/9202/15/9202/16/9202/16/9203/06/92

03/06/92

03/06/9203/06/92

03/07/9203/07/92

03/07/9203/07/9203/07/9203/07/9203/07/92

181

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

03/08/9203/08/9204/21/9204/21/9204/21/92

04/21/9204/21/9204/21/9204/21/9204/21/92

04/21/9205/30/9205/30/9205/30/9205/30/92

05/30/9205/30/9205/30/9205/30/9205/30/92

05/30/9205/30/9205/31/9205/31/9205/31/92

05/31/9205/31/92

05/31/9205/31/9205/31/92

11/02/9211/02/9211/02/921 1/02/9211/02/92

Time

212431

105311561428

14591506151315221532

15371558195820092012

20152020202820412047

20532253

122840

107126

133136139

10311149134915491731

Discharge cc (L/s)

13.19.91

13.118.723.9

29.436.546.456.273.7

89.821.321.32324.7

26.529.431.433.435.5

37.636.538.742.445

47.850.956.262.166.3

1112.313.113.114.6

Specific >nductance (uS/cm)

2521212123

2425252526

2621181818

1818192019

2020212121

2021202121

2323242426

pH (units) ic

Field Laboratory

6.246.276.296.356.26

6.156.16.045.965.86

5.846.156.136.16.1

6.116.026.016.166.01

6.026.015.955.935.89

5.845.855.825.785.74

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

6.186.255.836.195.97

6.065.925.895.885.83

5.886.455.825.956.28

6.246.36.236.246.27

6.196.216.186.156.14

6.056.06

6.155.996.01

6.236.296.36.356.31

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (neq/L)

48.838.838.743.455.3

59.158.961.863.564

65.451.736.934.435

35.236.939.442.442.7

43.245.947.448.147.9

48.648.247.648.546.7

65.954.355.45659.7

77.462.555.664.780.1

84.98588.589.8

89.8

91.563.452.750.852

51.654.7

56.261.961.4

61.565.768.969.270.3

68.969.1

68.868.268.5

81.482.78689.996.2

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

41.942.543.743.844.5

42.640.339.838.837.2

37.742.941.240.339.8

38.238.3

38.139.738.8

38.838.839.437.838.1

37.335.83533.934.3

46.845.844.844.643.7

32.829.527.427.732.7

34.735.537.73737.6

382221.221.621.8

21.722.322.523.423.1

22.72324.724.124.8

24.624.3

24.524.825

33.231.739.434.540.6

182

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate,

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved 6ieq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

5.89

3.564.456.89

13

1617.219.622.121.6

22.34.675.676.457.01

7.458.459.9

12.213

1313.815.716.717.7

1818.720.219.119.8

0.672.334.344.67

7.45

1.040.971.541.722.86

3.473.443.834.234.23

4.088.422.721.431.79

1.471.862.653.331.15

<0.382.071.582.471.83

2.152.612.41.292.18

2.042.22.421.83

2.26

37.238.635.537.535.9

33.932.230.230.129.6

26.733.232.129.829.3

27.829.127.927.728.2

28.727.825.524.825.4

24.8242322.422.4

39.643.444.446.9

48.2

6.478.29

11.512.211.9

10.59.958.378.378.06

7.227.828.197.947.6

6.347.278.017.67.6

86.755.875.966.14

5.894.855.215.185.14

0.750.30.1

<0.45

0.38

11080.851.663.279.8

89.491.984.6

9696.5

88.742.449.24950.1

49.654.556.360.263

62.465.667.470.472

71.373.473.973.174.6

67.285.788.8

93

103

ANC (ueq/L)

343854.456.350

46.244.842.440.639.9

35.693.754.545.846.7

44.746.345.845.948.7

44.747.343.542.843.1

36.237.435.23536

58434341

38

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

10811910510399

91.287.183.881.880.6

78.210510399.695.7

92.19388.99191.2

88.289.984.181.580.2

79.277.574.272.269.8

115119118112

110

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-48.5

-48.5-46.5-45

-44.5

-43

-40.5-40-40-40

-39

-46.5-44-43

-42.5

-42.5-42-42-41-40

-41

-40.5-38.5-39.5-39.5

-37.5-37.5-38.5-39.5-38.5

-45.2n.a.

-44.9n.a.

-43.8

-8

-8.05-7.8-7.7-7.5

-7.2-7-6.9-6.8-6.7

-6.6

-7.55-7.45-7.25-7

-7.15-7.25-7.15-6.95-7.05

-7.1-7.1

-6.85-6.85-6.9

-6.85-6.6

-6.65-6.7

-6.65

-7.66n.a.

-7.66n.a.

-7.47

Sample- collection

date

03/08/9203/08/9204/21/9204/21/9204/21/92

04/21/9204/21/9204/21/9204/21/9204/21/92

04/21/9205/30/9205/30/9205/30/9205/30/92

05/30/9205/30/9205/30/9205/30/9205/30/92

05/30/9205/30/9205/31/9205/31/9205/31/92

05/31/9205/31/9205/31/9205/31/9205/31/92

11/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/02/92

11/02/92

183

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 Continued

Sample- collection

date

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

1 1/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

1 1/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11/02/92

11 /02/92

11/21/92

11/21/92

11/21/92

11/22/92

11/22/92

11/22/92

1 1/22/92

11/22/92

11/22/92

11/22/92

1 1/22/92

11/23/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

Time

1901

2001

2144

2156

2206

2215

2222

2229

2235

2241

2247

2255

2303

2311

2317

2324

2331

2339

2346

2039

2119

2319

119

320

2040

2059

2111

2121

2133

2158

7

1732

1747

1800

1813

Discharge c (L/s)

17

18.7

20.4

22.2

23.9

25.6

27.5

29.4

32.4

34.4

36.5

38.7

41

43.7

47.8

50.9

54.4

58

62.1

19.5

21.3

22.2

20.4

19.5

19.5

24.7

32.4

39.9

49.3

60

76.7

27.5

29.4

31.4

33.4

Specific onductance (US/cm)

27

28

28

29

30

31

31

31

31

31

31

31

31

31

32

31

32

32

32

22

22

23

23

22

21

23

24

25

25

28

29

21

19

20

19

pH (units) i<

Field Laboratory

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

6.26

6.34

6.27

6.31

6.39

6.29

6.25

6.15

6.05

6

5.92

5.74

5.99

6.24

6.17

6.09

6.27

6.22

6.18

6.15

6.11

6.09

6.06

6.01

6

6

5.96

5.94

5.93

5.88

5.86

5.82

5.79

5.76

5.73

6.3

6.31

6.17

6.19

6.25

6.27

6.16

6.04

5.93

5.86

5.82

5.67

6.56

6.37

6.56

6.33

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (neq/L)

63.9

68.2

72.8

73.678.3

76.2

76.6

76.6

76.8

77.7

78.2

82.9

81.6

81.3

78.4

79.4

77.4

78.9

79.8

38.4

36.4

41.9

42.4

38.9

36.4

43.4

49.4

52.4

52.9

60.4

63.9

38.9

28.4

27.9

28.4

104

109

121

121

128

119

122

121

124

122

123

133

131

130

123

126

122

123

124

59.8

59.6

66.8

66.5

62

58

68.2

77.4

78.3

78.2

90.5

95.4

57.8

46.3

47.4

47.9

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (Ueq/L) (ueq/L)

43.4

46.5

45.8

44.7

44.8

42.2

42.6

42.2

41.9

41.5

41

44.2

42.8

41.5

41.3

40

40.8

38.6

37.3

47

46.1

47

45.7

45.2

43.1

39.3

38.5

37

37.4

38.7

33.7

40.5

40.6

38.9

39

44.2

46.8

47.5

48.1

47.6

50.8

51.2

42.6

51.4

52.1

50.2

52.1

53.2

50.1

58.1

56.8

57.8

55.8

55.5

30.4

31.2

31.4

29.9

29.2

32.2

38.9

41.4

42.2

41.4

45.3

47.6

25.6

25.6

25.3

25.1

184

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

8.1211.87.67

15.215.1

19.517.71918.921.5

21.818.81817.622.7

23.725.924.927.1

4

4.456.345.674.344.45

10.415.217.218.322.8

283.562.893.113.67

2.633.62.744.033.76

4.464.784.464.625.16

5.214.036.33.72.9

4.33.22.93.6

<0.38

<0.38<0.380.380.38O.38

1.92.582.93.654.4

5.120.38O.380.38O.38

49.451.751.653.453.4

54.852.8

5353.454.7

52.154.353.156.260.2

58.656.457.660.844.3

42.744.643.14035.8

3636.840.839.644.4

4235.635.134.834.5

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

0.271.13

0.450.37

O.45

0.450.45

0.770.450.45

1.731.791.930.591.44

1.261.662.021.586.08

7.256.355.975.813.33

1.454.261.85.112.7

O.4515.218.718.919.2

Sulfate, dissolved (Ueq/L)

109116120129132

133129

133134135

135134137133136

13513613713454.2

58.462.261.858.656.6

67.471.57978.188.1

10244.845.346.647.5

ANC (Ueq/L)

3330272829

3022

182625

2218201420

197

141255.8

45.847.548.9

51.355.5

37.232.126.429.424.7

25.854.734.833.233.6

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

10710599.698.198.8

96.394.7

9596.994.9

90.893.289.284.182.6

8280.478.478.1

112

117114118118113

96.190.491.190.890.6

76.198.6

10096.195.4

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

n.a.^43.6

n.a.-38.3

n.a.

-36.1n.a.

-36.6n.a.

-35.7

n.a.-36

n.a.-35.5

n.a.

-34.4n.a.

-33.5n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.^46.3^48.8^48.9-50.8

n.a.-7.34n.a.

-7.11n.a.

-6.95n.a.

-6.93n.a.

-6.95

n.a.-6.83n.a.

-6.76n.a.

-6.64n.a.

-6.58n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.-7.74-8.39-8.09-8.35

Sample- collection

date

11/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/02/92

11/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/02/92

11/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/02/92

11/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/02/9211/21/92

11/21/9211/21/9211/22/9211/22/9211/22/92

11/22/9211/22/921 1/22/9211/22/9211/22/92

11/23/9212/10/9212/10/9212/10/9212/10/92

185

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/10/92

12/11/92

12/11/92

12/11/92

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/04/93

03/24/93

Time

1825

1838

1853

2032

2232

2313

2318

2322

2326

2329

2333

2337

2341

2345

2349

2353

2357

1

6

11

327

349

411

430

633

834

907

925

941

957

1015

1037

1102

1149

1207

Discharge o (L/s)

35.5

37.6

39.9

42.4

41

43.7

46.4

50.9

54.4

58

62.1

68.5

73.7

79.8

86.4

97.1

105

113

122

130

20.4

22.2

23.9

25.6

29.4

33.4

38.7

43.7

49.3

58

66.3

76.7

89.8

109

145

Specific onductance (uS/cm)

20

20

20

20

20

19

18

18

18

18

18

17

18

18

18

18

18

18

19

18

22

22

23

24

24

26

26

27

27

27

27

27

27

28

22

pH (units) i<

Field Laboratory

6.11

6.18

6.21

6.18

6.22

6.18

6.12

6.11

6.04

6

5.99

5.93

5.9

5.88

5.84

5.82

5.78

5.77

5.73

5.67

5.96

6.05

6.03

6.03

6.05

6.09

6.07

6.07

5.92

5.95

5.87

5.86

5.81

5.8

5.67

6.25

6.43

6.34

6.19

6.32

6.34

6.27

6.14

6.16

6.13

6.15

6.05

6.01

5.98

6.05

5.98

5.97

5.94

5.87

5.72

6.07

6.04

6.1

6.05

6.1

5.92

5.98

5.8

5.88

5.95

5.19

5.73

5.83

5.74

5.89

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

28.4

29.4

30.4

32.4

31.9

28.9

29.4

29.9

29.4

31.4

29.9

29.9

30.9

31.4

30.4

30.9

31.9

32.4

33.4

33.4

43.4

42.9

44.9

43.4

47.9

50.9

50.9

51.9

49.9

53.9

52.4

53.4

54.4

52.9

35.4

48.5

49.1

50.4

54.1

54.6

48.5

47.9

47.9

45.8

48.5

48.7

48.7

49.3

49.4

48.7

49

49.8

49.5

49.7

50

51.8

58.7

62.5

65.2

73.7

79

79.8

80.6

78.2

82.3

80.6

80.6

82.3

79.8

54.9

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

39.5

38.4

38.8

39.1

42.6

35.2

33.3

32.4

31.9

28.8

28.9

28.8

27.7

28.1

29.2

25.5

26

25.2

25.2

24.2

43.5

40.3

39.4

39.9

39.2

39.8

36.8

34.9

34.1

34.8

32.5

31

30.3

29.2

35.1

25.8

25.6

25.8

26.8

28.4

26.6

26.6

27.1

27.1

26.1

27.6

27.6

27.9

27.6

27.9

27.9

28.4

28.6

29.4

28.6

29.9

28.7

29.7

30.4

32.2

35.3

35.8

36.1

36.6

39.1

37.3

37.1

38.1

37.6

28.1

186

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (neq/L)

4.114.34

56.567.23

6.787.238.128.899.45

10.110.711.11212.4

1313.914.115.115.9

46.12

78.12

10.6

11.712.212.913.615.5

15.516.318.219.15.34

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.381.79

O.38O.38O.38

<0.382.112.331.93

O.38

2.112

<0.382.112.36

6.374.763.692.972.65

3.042.691.792.112.26

2.542.762.862.47

O.38

34.43434.834.234

29.828.727.226.626.9

27.226.926.525.826

31.524.824.829.227.7

31.425.630.630.128.4

2523.821.719.122.8

3019.221 A18.632

Nitrate, dissolved (neq/L)

19.719.319.718.514.9

13.212.61211.711.9

11.611.811.311.210.8

10.79.819.358.687.57

7.7820.8

30.730.630.1

24.426.226.12328.1

36.2232821.320.3

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

4948.650.254.654.6

53.253.452.451.455.1

55.256.156.857.258.4

60.258.758.857.653.4

47.854.267.668.779.7

83.887.785.880.499.7

13289.8

10497.6

88.6

ANC (neq/L)

32.830.831.730.732.1

25.825.32421.521.2

20.220.719.618.2

17.2

16.714.515.113.512.1

58.926.231.42827.5

17.41614.113.819.7

-7.1

11.714.810.117.3

Silica, dissolved (nmol/L)

94.394.792.691.194.3

78.372.669.865.564

65.863.763.461.6

60.2

5856.255.253.452.3

79.786.986.283.779.4

75.565.564.459.860.2

56.351.649.547.781.9

Delta D (per mil)

-51.3-51.3-50.7-51.8

-52.1

-53.3-55.3-53.9-53.7-53.8

-53.8-53.9-55

-53.9-55.3

-56

-55.6-54.9-54.4-54.1

-49.6-54.3

-53.6-54.5-57.7

-60.6-62.5-65.7-65.3-67.6

-67.8-68.8-73.8-75.9

n.a.

Delta I8O (per mil)

-8.55-8.38-8.37-8.66-8.37

-8.87-8.97-9.05-9.18-9.25

-8.96-8.88-9.1

-9.36

-9.32

-9.4

-9.44-9.17-9.08-9.02

-7.95-8.51-8.37-8.51-8.62

-9.27-9.25-9.87-9.29-9.75

-9.44-9.59

-10.98-11.1

n.a.

Sample- collection

date

12/10/9212/10/9212/10/9212/10/9212/10/92

12/10/9212/10/9212/10/9212/10/9212/10/92

12/10/9212/10/9212/10/9212/10/9212/10/92

12/10/9212/10/9212/11/9212/11/9212/11/92

03/04/9303/04/9303/04/9303/04/9303/04/93

03/04/9303/04/9303/04/9303/04/9303/04/93

03/04/9303/04/9303/04/9303/04/9303/24/93

187

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93 Continued

Sample- collection

date

03/24/9303/24/9303/24/9303/24/9303/24/93

03/25/9303/25/9303/25/9303/25/9303/25/93

03/25/9303/26/9303/26/9304/16/9304/16/93

04/16/9304/16/9304/16/9304/16/9304/16/93

04/16/9304/16/9304/16/9304/16/9304/16/93

04/16/9304/16/9304/16/9304/16/9304/16/93

04/17/9304/17/9304/17/931 1/27/931 1/27/93

Time

12481448164820492249

49650850

10511651

205252

453844858

909923934948

1013

11331333153317031848

20482107212021382338

138739

134014551517

Discharge cc (L/s)

145145145145145

145145145140140

14013513550.956.2

62.168.576.789.8

101

11311710910189.8

86.497.1

109122135

130113101

3.824.81

Specific >nductance (jiS/cm)

2323242324

2323232322

2221211919

2019191920

2020202120

1919181921

2120193232

pH (units) ic

Field Laboratory

5.955.695.995.946.07

6.066.16.136.066.15

6.176.156.186.356.31

6.246.316.36.396.32

6.316.26.276.366.5

6.316.36.26.146.2

6.176.346.426.246.21

5.976.035.816.076.04

6.266.186.166.26

5.896.216.326.396.44

6.496.456.356.236.24

6.226.236.336.326.43

6.46.336.166.046.22

6.276.376.486.36.19

Calcium, Magnesium, lissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

36.439.439.936.938.4

36.937.936.936.434.4

33.433.431.430.430.4

30.431.432.434.436.9

38.437.4

36.936.434.4

30.932.434.433.438.4

37.431.428.451.961.4

55.659.458.358.157.9

57.358.457.956.554.8

53.75451.44950.5

5151.45454.657.4

59.458.858.357.555.9

50.951.453.651.459.1

58.650.94782.396.3

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

35.53434.835.635.5

35.436.235.935.337.7

36.938.538.640.542.2

41.340.940.539.638.3

3634.435.737.938.5

37.233.934.531.432.1

33.236.337.257.956.1

28.928.429.429.227.9

27.627.126.626.127.6

26.126.326.123.825.1

25.125.125.826.927.4

28.127.628.127.127.1

25.826.127.125.627.4

26.924.624.342.546

188

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

5.786.346.235.345

4.673.963.823.583.32

2.912.862.543.894.11

4.896.678.33

10.813.3

17.715.7

107.786

4.899.12

11.213.514.2

10.24.563.117.12

10.6

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38

1.972.18

2.33

1.83<0.38

<0.38<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38

1.97<0.38

<0.38<0.38<0.38<0.38

2.22

30.431.228.332.933.9

34.634.534.834.736.7

32.436.437.838.338.4

38.938.137.53635.3

30.52933.1

31.333.1

31.629.22825.628

28.832.834.965.1

78.1

Nitrate, Sulfate, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

9.522120.421.922.6

23.524.823.122.923.9

21.321.22318.518.3

18.718.117.617.716.5

13.21114.613.912.4

1314.212.814.310

12.811.311.94.999.66

85.99183.588.886.5

86.278.377.475.174.9

64.567.568.544.446.1

47.848.549.750.652.6

56.462.171.3

66.865.9

60.46060.958.475.3

7766.859.981.6

110

ANC (ueq/L)

17.316.813.219.521.1

19.821.919.921.624.3

21.628.629.44441.1

40.438.937.335.435.7

35.732.934.5

31.137.3

32.729.327.222.227.9

27.731.334.646.846.3

Silica, dissolved Delta D Delta 18O (umol/L) (per mil) (per mil)

83.380.581.585.487.6

87.689.792.689.792.9

93.697.2

1018382.6

79.774.473.771.268.7

67.370.577.381.985.8

8373.370.165.570.8

78.392.696.5

111107

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

03/24/9303/24/9303/24/9303/24/9303/24/93

03/25/9303/25/9303/25/9303/25/9303/25/93

03/25/9303/26/9303/26/9304/16/9304/16/93

04/16/9304/16/9304/16/9304/16/9304/16/93

04/16/9304/16/9304/16/93

04/16/9304/16/93

04/16/9304/16/9304/16/9304/16/9304/16/93

04/17/9304/17/9304/17/9311/27/9311/27/93

189

Table 17. Chemical analyses of streamwater collected during stormflow from the Fishing Creek tributary watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1987-93-Continued

Sample- collection

date

11/27/9311/27/9311/27/9311/27/9311/27/93

11/27/931 1/27/9311/27/9311/27/9311/27/93

11/27/9311/27/9311/27/931 1/27/9311/27/93

11/27/9311/27/9311/28/9311/28/9311/28/93

11/28/9311/28/93

Time

15361553160316131625

16371652171117401940

20562126221322382255

23122332

354

131

158239

Discharge cc (L/s)

6.27.539.63

12.315.4

18.72326.530.433.4

37.642.449.356.264.2

73.786.4

101117135

155111

Specific mductance (uS/cm)

3638393939

4040434441

3838363535

3434343434

3433

pH (units) i(

Field Laboratory

5.995.995.975.985.94

5.895.885.855.815.78

5.765.715.715.75.67

5.65.545.485.425.3

5.35.12

6.165.935.945.915.95

5.895.795.725.735.52

5.665.645.655.565.46

5.535.55.415.315.32

5.265.03

Calcium, Magnesium, iissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

66.969.972.972.472.4

75.480.385.387.883.8

79.879.376.471.469.4

69.969.968.967.467.4

65.967.4

105110114114114

118126132136132

124122119111108

10810710510195.5

92.289.7

Sodium, Potassium, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

55.25754.853.555.7

53.555.255.754.849.2

45.744.844.441.939.5

38.838.637.534.430.9

32.327.9

47.65352.451.954

5356.860.159.454.7

51.951.451.249.648.1

47.846.645.544.347.3

51.449.4

190

Aluminum, Iron, total, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

13.215.916.917.919.4

20.522.524.624.725.9

26.828.228.628.929.4

30.532.133.834.434.8

39.939.4

2.612.93.043.153.58

4.194.484.694.154.05

4.34.154.124.334.48

4.834.914.694.555.48

6.555.59

80.777.581.481.879.6

80.384.283.981.668

57.25552.847.845.1

42.442.842.241.437.6

28.832.8

Nitrate, Sulfate, dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

7.467.267.47.257.27

7.647.646.567.144.7

2.663.50.99

<0.45O.45

<0.45<0.45<0.45

1.11<0.45

2.317.54

119120132134129

132132150153148

135136138130126

122132135140133

103127

ANC (ueq/L)

39.136.93734.633.6

3031.631.430.625.2

24.424.724.92322

20.918.319.416.516.6

16.56.99

Silica, dissolved Delta D Delta 18O (umol/L) (per mil) (per mil)

10596.595.497.595

9494.390.891.187.6

81.27976.568.4

65.8

6363.46358.454.8

53.850.9

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.

n.a.n.a.

Sample- collection

date

11/27/9311/27/9311/27/9311/27/9311/27/93

11/27/9311/27/9311/27/9311/27/931 1/27/93

11/27/9311/27/9311/27/9311/27/9311/27/93

11/27/9311/27/9311/28/9311/28/9311/28/93

11/28/9311/28/93

191

Table 18. Chemical analyses of other surface and ground waters collected during biannual synoptic surveys from the Bear Branch and Fishing Creek tributary watersheds, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93

[°C, degrees Celsius; ^iS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; neq/L, microequivalents per liter; jimol/L, micromoles per liter, <, less than; n.a., not analyzed; ANC, acid-neutralizing capacity, SS, synoptic site; SP, seep; SPG, spring]

SiteSample- Sp

collection Temperature cone date (°C) (u

>ecificluctance S/cm)

pH (units) cd

Field Laboratory 1

Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, issolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Bear Branch Watershed

SS5

SS6

SS7

SS8

GAGE

SS3

SS4

SS5

SS6

SS7

SS8

GAGE

SS3

SS4

SS5

SS6

SS7

SS8

GAGE

SS2

SS3

SS4

SS5

SS6

SS7

SS8

GAGE

SS5

SS6

SS7

SS8

GAGE

09/12/91

09/12/91

09/12/91

09/12/91

09/12/91

03/17/92

03/17/92

03/17/92

03/17/92

03/17/92

03/17/92

03/17/92

09/17/92

09/17/92

09/17/92

09/17/92

09/17/92

09/17/92

09/17/92

03/29/93

03/29/93

03/29/93

03/29/93

03/29/93

03/29/93

03/29/93

03/29/93

09/15/93

09/15/93

09/15/93

09/15/93

09/15/93

16

16

17

16

16

10

10

9

8

8

6

5

14

13

14

15

16

16

16

8

8

8

8

8

8

9

9

16

18

18

16

18

26

38

30

15

15

33

33

36

38

38

28

27

30

33

29

32

32

21

20

38

37

38

41

43

42

27

31

30

36

31

16

17

4.86

5.16

4.84

5.48

5.26

4.66

4.66

4.77

4.83

4.85

5.33

5.54

4.54

4.65

4.82

4.79

4.72

5.22

5.25

4.78

4.65

4.75

4.66

4.7

4.68

5.15

4.98

4.54

4.58

4.39

5.14

4.53

5.16

5.35

5.07

5.57

5.18

4.98

4.87

4.9

5.04

4.96

5.26

5.3

4.84

4.8

4.99

4.89

4.82

5.36

5.9

4.96

4.83

4.85

4.74

4.74

4.75

5.09

4.94

4.95

4.93

4.81

5.64

5.48

41.9

96.4

40.3

25.6

22.6

33.3

37.5

56.1

78

79.8

62.2

61.4

33.7

32.1

39

53.7

50.6

37.8

34.6

71.4

70.4

81.8

74.9

86.3

90.8

52.4

57.4

45.9

75.4

44.4

28.4

26.5

62.9

114

65

32.2

30

62.9

65.2

82.8

100

99.4

77.3

75.9

48.5

61.1

65.3

73.9

72.9

50.4

46.2

73.2

61.4

64.8

64.9

79

82.3

52.2

58.9

62.6

81.5

61.4

32.8

29.9

28.8

34.8

32.9

30.3

30.6

24.7

25.3

26.1

28.7

28.2

29.8

31.1

21.7

22.4

24.3

25.7

32.8

27

27.9

23.9

22.7

21.6

22.1

22.2

22.6

29.4

28

27.3

29.8

28.9

30.2

31

16

28

11.7

11.3

8.8

26.2

23.8

25.2

27.4

27

26.2

27.3

12.9

24.2

18.4

15.9

12.7

11

10.7

27.6

26.3

25.8

29.2

29.4

29.9

26.6

28.9

17.1

16.9

10.4

9.62

10.1

192

Aluminum, total, Iron, total, Chloride,

dissolved dissolved dissolved (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

16.3

7.67

18.6

2

4.45

50.6

51

38.3

29.2

23.6

9.9

5.11

44.9

37.4

20.2

19.7

18

6.12

3.89

26.8

34.4

36.8

42.8

39

39.1

14.3

18.6

18.4

16.1

20.1

3.47

5.3

<0.38

0.1

1

0.3

<0.38

0.11

0.04

0.47

0.5

0.72

0.11

O.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

<0.38

47.8

62.2

48.8

34.8

34.4

44.7

42.6

46

44.1

44.9

40.5

38.3

44

38.2

38.9

59.6

41.4

37.7

35.7

31.3

29.9

29

30.2

30.2

29.9

29.8

29.6

38.2

39.7

39.5

32.2

34.3

Nitrate, dissolved (ueq/L)

12.2

68.2

13

12.1

7.01

29.7

31.4

56.8

68.5

66.7

45.5

36.4

9.47

35.7

22.4

34

27.8

15.6

9.98

47.7

32.6

37.2

46.5

50.6

50.1

24.8

28.3

13

23.9

4.95

7.29

2.86

Sulfate, dissolved (ueq/L)

123

182

142

53.9

57.3

145

146

148

158

160

121

112

138

132

124

140

140

91.2

84

163

169

177

183

197

196

118

137

135

176

147

58.8

66.2

ANC (ueq/L)

<4

<4

<A

<4

<4

-8

-10

-1

-9

-9

2

8

-13.6

-15.5-9.8

-15.4

-17.4-2.4

-1.8

-5.75

-9.43

-12.7

-17.3

-16.7

-17.1

-2.59

-6.41

0.59-5.3

-10.2

8.52

2.4

Silica, dissolved (umol/L)

91.8

91.3

107

110

109

71.8

71.5

72.9

73.4

74.6

80

80

75.4

75.9

80.4

82.4

84.7

94

94.8

64.1

59.8

57.3

58.7

61.6

61.2

76.5

68.7

93.6

95.8

104

109

107

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-47

-44.5-42

-47.5-46

-42.5

-41.5-42

-42.5-43

-44

-44

-45.5

-43.5

-45.5

-45.5-44

-44.5

n.a.

-49.5

-51.9

-52.9

-53.1

-51.7

-53.7

-51.9

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

-7.7

-7.5

-7.45

-8.05-8

-7.4

-7.4

-7.5

-7.45

-7.45-7.6

-7.65

-7.65

-7.55

-7.55-7.7

-7.7

-7.7

n.a.

-7.8

-8.13

-8.09

-8.18-8.2

-8.26

-8.37

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

Site

SS5

SS6

SS7

SS8

GAGE

SS3

SS4

SS5

SS6

SS7

SS8

GAGE

SS3

SS4

SS5

SS6

SS7

SS8

GAGE

SS2

SS3

SS4

SS5

SS6

SS7

SS8

GAGE

SS5

SS6

SS7

SS8

GAGE

193

Table 18. Chemical analyses of other surface and ground waters collected during biannual synoptic surveys from the Bear Branch and Fishing Creek tributary watersheds, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, 1991-93-Continued

SiteSample- Sf

collection Temperature cond date (°C) (n

>ecificluctance S/cm)

pH (units) cdi

Field Laboratory (

lalcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, issolved dissolved dissolved dissolved ^ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L) (ueq/L)

Fishing Creek tributary Watershed

SS1SS2SS3SP1SP2SPGGAGE

SS1SS2SS3SP1SP2SPGGAGE

SS1SS2SS3SP1SP2SPGGAGE

SS1SS2SS3SP1SP2SPGGAGE

SS1SS2SS3SP1SP2SPG

GAGE

09/12/9109/12/9109/12/9109/12/9109/12/9109/12/9109/12/91

03/17/9203/17/9203/17/9203/17/9203/17/9203/17/9203/17/92

09/15/9209/15/9209/15/9209/15/9209/15/9209/15/92

09/15/92

03/29/9303/29/9303/29/9303/29/9303/29/9303/29/9303/29/93

09/15/9309/15/9309/15/9309/15/9309/15/9309/15/93

09/15/93

17171814161218

966

111111

5

151516131612

16

9101010121110

171718121612

18

20141514152015

18181817172417

18161616182215

26182117162820

201615171822

15

5.78

6.17

6.345.965.735.656.53

5.76.246.275.685.495.386.24

5.936.346.366.185.435.636.37

5.836.016.215.675.375.475.94

5.526.036.085.565.195.16

6.04

5.635.875.955.955.795.965.76

5.785.866.425.886.176.026.1

6.596.66.456.596.496.696.47

5.915.946.115.895.66.335.85

6.066.356.266.085.785.77

6.53

33.223.325.717.511.630.126.4

30.930.32928.419.637.431.9

28.825.323.624.820.934.4

25.7

41.42632.9261435.4

n.a.

34.4252625.51731.4

27.9

54.334.435.635.744.654.639.2

52.146.445.342.652.862.542.5

47.139.337.438.848.256.436.3

63.4435238.642.871.3

n.a.

49.43636.342.248.65338.2

44.842.841.94237.246.744.4

42.340.741.545.335.749.442

38.638.237.640.835.14739.5

39.63636.439.632.144.8

n.a.

42.641.341.741.437.545.2

43.5

28.212.813.21622.330.216.3

17.123.423.723.920.831.324.1

19.717.416.3171828.916.4

29.223.826.123.317.136.3

n.a.

201616.619.22229.7

16.2

194

Aluminum, total, Iron, total, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate,

dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved dissolved (neq/L) (neq/L) (neq/L) (neq/L) (ueq/L)

<0.22

0.78

2.11

<0.22

<0.22

<0.22

2.45

1

1.56

1.78

<0.22

1.22

0.22

2.34

1.11

0.56

0.33

0.67

3.22

<0.22

2.33

7

2.18

3.7

4.67

3.17

0.71

n.a.

0.57

0.89

2.3

0.22

2.31

0.3

2.74

3.7

<0.38

0.4

0.9

0.3

0.11

1.6

0.39

<0.38

0.43

0.04

<0.38

0.38

0.14

0.91

1.34

1.13

0.86

0.43

0.91

2.63

O.38

0.38

O.38

O.38

O.38

0.38

n.a.

2.4

O.38

O.38

0.38

0.38

0.38

1.97

39

37.4

35.6

37.4

36.1

39.9

37.2

39.2

38.4

35.9

33.2

37.3

43.4

36.8

24.8

35

20.7

35.2

35.9

42

35.5

40.5

34.8

38.1

33.5

34.5

47.2

34.6

38.5

35.5

35.4

36.2

35.5

40.2

35.7

13.7

8.53

7.91

8.85

2.04

30.2

6.39

11.9

25.1

20.7

8.24

3.3

29.5

9.6

42.2

15

8.77

6.29

16.3

24.1

1.19

50.3

20.5

30.2

1.35

0.45

3.29

14.3

11.6

8.44

5.08

11.7

O.45

31.2

4.04

35

33.3

31.3

30.9

44

31.8

33.1

45.8

43.4

44.4

27.9

35.9

50.7

47.5

103

31.3

18.8

26.4

32.6

33.6

33.1

71.9

50.2

67.5

36.6

37.8

91.8

61.9

34.2

30.5

28.6

32.8

48.3

32.3

29.1

ANC (ueq/L)

39

41

40

30

26

64

58

65

54

42.1

82

76

81

62

57.2

46.7

41.8

70.1

38.6

76.3

58.1

19.5

26.1

20.2

55.4

41

45.3

24.6

73.1

48.8

51.4

70

52.9

68.4

57

Silica, dissolved (nmol/L)

122

126

128

123

117

117

138

113

113

113

131

100

109

117

119

119

116

122

102

116

126

86.5

89.7

85.1

115

85.1

91.9

n.a.

124

126

127

121

120

118

136

Delta D Delta 18O (per mil) (per mil)

-47.5-48

-48.5-48

-46

-49.5-47

-48.5-41

-47.5-47

-45

-47.5-48

-46

-48

-47.5

-45.5-46

-47

n.a.

-47.7

-48.6-49

-44.9-47

-46.1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

-7.9

-8.2

-8.15

-8.05-7.9

-8.1

-8.05

-8.15-8.1

-8

-8.1

-7.65

-7.95-8

-7.9

-7.85

-7.85-7.8

-7.5

-7.8

n.a.

-7.71-7.92

-7.97

-7.11

-7.69

-7.68

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

Site

SS1

SS2

SS3

SP1

SP2

SPG

GAGE

SS1

SS2

SS3

SP1

SP2

SPG

GAGE

SS1

SS2

SS3

SP1

SP2

SPG

GAGE

SS1

SS2

SS3

SP1

SP2

SPG

GAGE

SS1

SS2

SS3

SP1

SP2

SPG

GAGE

195