French sem6

FRENCH

BSCFT-602

BLANK

BLANK

FRENCH

BSCFT-602

This SIM has been prepared exclusively under the guidence of Punjab Technical

University (PTU) and reviewed by experts and approved by the concerned Statutory

Board of Studies (BOS). It conforms to the syllabi and contents as approved by the

BOS of PTU.

Copyright © Natwar Maurya

Reviewer : Harpreet Singh

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CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

There are many reasons to learn a foreign language, French in particular. Not only is it one ofthe most commonly spoken first language in the world, but also the most commonly taught secondlanguage.

French is one of the most common working languages in international organizations. Therefore,embassies also require foreign language experts as translators and interpreters.

Opportunities exist in organizations such as the United Nations, World Health Organization,North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), World Trade Organization, etc.

Knowledge of more than one language is extremely advantageous, especially in the FashionIndustry. The ability to speak a foreign language, especially French, is an added advantage whendealing with International fashion professionals and students. France being a very important partof the International Fashion market it becomes imperative for a Fashion student to have a soundknowledge of this language.

SYLLABUS

1. Letters & Sounds

The Alphabet, The Accents, Other Orthographic Signs, Les

Signes de Ponctuation, Les Signes Orthographiques, Les Unit 1: Letters and Sounds

Symboles Phonetiques. (Pages 3-6)

2. Nombres Unit 2: Nombres

Cardinaux et Ordinaux. (Pages 7-16)

3. Categories of Grammar

The Articles, Plural of Nouns, Plural of Adjectives, Feminine

Forms, Positive, Comparative and

Superlative Degrees of Adjectives, Pronouns, Non-qualificative

Adjective, List of Place Names, Les Verbes, Verb ‘Etre’, Verb

‘Avoir’, The Principal (Main) Verbs, Conjugation of First Group

of Verbs in Present Tense, Conjugation of Second Group of

Verbs in Present Tense, Conjugation of Some of the Third Group

of Verbs in Present Tense, Peculiarities of Some of the First

Group of Verbs, Reflexive Verbs, Reciprocal Verbs, Past

Indefinite of the Regular and Irregular Verbs, Verbs of Motion,

Futur (Future Tense), Imparfait (Imperfect or the Past

Continuous Tense), Imperative Mood, Adverbs, Prepositions, Unit 3: Categories of Grammar

Conjunctions, Interjections, Grammar Revision & Exercises. (Pages 17-82)

4. Conversations

Classroom, Conversations, simple Conversations, General

Conversations, We are Happy to Welcome You, Asking for

Information, Conversations Related to Ordering a Le Petit Unit 4: Conversations

Dejeuner. (Pages 83-87)

5. Guide to Travellers

On Arrival, Air Travel, Steamship Travel, Rail Travel, Bus Travel,

Car Travel (Rented), Car at Service Station, At Hotel, How to

Go To …., At the Cash Counter, The Breakfast, Lunch in a Unit 5: Guide to Travellers

Restaurant, The Dinner Table, At the Café, Let us Go Sight (Pages 95-102)

Seeing, Days, Dates & Time, The Weather.

6. Vocabulary Unit 6: Vocabulary

French - English, English - French. (Pages 103-123)

ContentsContentsContentsContentsContents

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION 11111

UNIT 1 LETTERS AND SOUNDSUNIT 1 LETTERS AND SOUNDSUNIT 1 LETTERS AND SOUNDSUNIT 1 LETTERS AND SOUNDSUNIT 1 LETTERS AND SOUNDS 1-41-41-41-41-4

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Unit Objectives

1.2 Les Alphabets: The Alphabets

1.3 L’accent: The Accent

1.4 Orthographic Signs

1.5 Les Signes de Ponctuation (The Punctuation Marks)

1.7 Summary

1.8 Questions and Exercises

UNIT 2 NOMBRESUNIT 2 NOMBRESUNIT 2 NOMBRESUNIT 2 NOMBRESUNIT 2 NOMBRES 5-145-145-145-145-14

2.0 Introduction

2.1 Unit Objectives

2.2 Nombres (Numbers)

2.2.1 Les Nombres Cardinaux (The Cardinal Numbers)

2.2.2 Les Nombres Ordinaux (The Ordinal Numbers)

2.3 Day, Date and Time

2.3.1 La Date (The Date)

2.3.2 L’heure (The Time)

2.3.3 Les Jours de la Semaine (The Days of the Week)

2.3.4 Les Mois de l’année (The Months of the Year)

2.3.5 Les Saisons (The Seasons)

2.4 Summary


UNIT 3 CAUNIT 3 CAUNIT 3 CAUNIT 3 CAUNIT 3 CATEGORIES OF GRAMMARTEGORIES OF GRAMMARTEGORIES OF GRAMMARTEGORIES OF GRAMMARTEGORIES OF GRAMMAR 15-8915-8915-8915-8915-89

3.0 Introduction

3.1 Unit Objectives

3.2 Articles (Articles)

3.2.1 Article Indéfini (Indefinite Article)

3.2.2 Article Définis (Definite Article)

3.3 Nom (Noun)

3.4 Pronom (Pronoun)

3.5 List of Place Names

3.6 Le Verbe (The Verb)

3.6.1 Le Verbe Être: To Be

3.6.2 Le Verbe Avoir: To Have

3.6.3 Conjugation of Verbs

3.6.4 Reflexive Verbs

3.6.5 Simple and Perfect Past Tense (Le Passé Compose)

3.6.6 Negatif: Negative

3.6.7 L’impératif: The Imperative

3.6.8 Le Futur Simple (Future Simple)

3.6.9 L’imparfait: Imperfect Tense

3.6.10 Le Negatif (Negation)

3.6.11 Verbs of Motion

3.6.12 Reciprocal Verbs

3.6.13 L’adverbe (Adverb)

3.6.14 Conjuction

3.6.15 Interjection

3.7 L’adjectif : The Adjective

3.7.1 Comparatif et Superlatif: Comparitive And Superlative

3.8.2 Les Couleurs: The Colours

3.8.3 L’adjectif Demonstratif: The Demonstrative Adjective

3.8.4 L’adjectif Possessif: The Possessive Adjective

3.9 Summary


UNIT 4 CONVERSAUNIT 4 CONVERSAUNIT 4 CONVERSAUNIT 4 CONVERSAUNIT 4 CONVERSATIONSTIONSTIONSTIONSTIONS 90-9590-9590-9590-9590-95

4.0 Introduction

4.1 Unit Objectives

4.2 Classroom Conversation

4.3 Simple Conversation

4.4 General Conversation

4.5 We are Happy to Welcome You

4.6 Asking for Information

4.7 Ordering a Meal

4.8 Breakfast: Le Petit Déjeuner

4.9 Summary


UNIT 5 GUIDE FOR TRAUNIT 5 GUIDE FOR TRAUNIT 5 GUIDE FOR TRAUNIT 5 GUIDE FOR TRAUNIT 5 GUIDE FOR TRAVELLERSVELLERSVELLERSVELLERSVELLERS 96-10496-10496-10496-10496-104

5.0 Introduction

5.1 Unit Objectives

5.2 Learning to Converse

5.2.1 On Arrival

5.2.2 Air Travel

5.2.3 Steamship Travel

5.2.4 Rail Travel

5.2.5 Bus Travel

5.2.6 At the Hotel

5.2.7 How to Go to …

5.2.8 At the Shop Counter

5.2.9 Breakfast

5.2.10 Lunch in a Restaurant

5.2.11 Dinner

5.2.12 At the Café

5.2.13 Let’s Go Sightseeing …

5.2.14 Travel by Rented Car

5.2.15 At the Service Station

5.3 Summary


UNIT 6 VOCABULARYUNIT 6 VOCABULARYUNIT 6 VOCABULARYUNIT 6 VOCABULARYUNIT 6 VOCABULARY 105-129105-129105-129105-129105-129

6.0 Introduction

6.1 Unit Objectives

6.2 French–English

6.3 English–French

6.4 Summary


BLANK

Self-Instructional Material

Notes

UNIT

LETTERS AND SOUNDS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

In this unit, you will learn about the alphabet and accents in French.Pronunciation and accents are critical to the language, so you must pay a lotof attention to this unit. You will also learn the punctuations used in thelanguage – their names and functions.

1.1 UNIT OBJECTIVES

After going through this unit, you will be able to:l Learn the letters of the French alphabetl Learn the different accents and their importancel Learn the names and functions of the different punctuation marks

1.2 LES ALPHABETS: THE ALPHABET

The letters of the French alphabet are similar to that of the English, thoughtheir pronunciations are different. Given below are the letters of the letterswith their French names:

Letter French name

A a

B bé

C cé

D dé

E eu

F effe

G gé

H ache

I i

J ji

K ka

1

1


French

Notes L elM emN enO oP péQ kuR erS esT téU uV véW double véX iksY igrecZ zèd

1.3 L’ACCENT: ACCENT

There are three accents in the French language. These accents functionalmost like vowels. Let us now understand what these three types of accentsare.

1. Accent aïgu (acute accent): é

This accent cannot be put on all vowels and consonants. It is put on ‘e’and is pronounced like ‘a’ in English.

Example:Example:Example:Example:Example:

Thé teaCafé coffeeÉtudiant student

2. Accent grave (grave accent): è

This accent also cannot be put on all vowels and consonants; it is put on‘a’, ‘u’ and ‘e’ (à, ù, è). When is accent is on ‘a’ and ‘u’, the pronunciationdoes not change though the meaning does

Example:Example:Example:Example:Example:

Il a un maison à Paris (He has a house in Paris)

But when it is on ‘e’, it is pronounced differently.

Mère motherPère fatherCrème cream

2


Notes3. Accent circonflexe (Circumflex accent): ê

This accent is put on ‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’ and ‘u’ (all the pure vowels) and itprolongs the sound of the vowel.

Âme soulHôte hostAoùt August

1.4 ORTHOGRAPHIC SIGNS

In French, there are some signs which are used to make the languagemore melodious when speaking or reading. Let us study these in detail.

1.1.1.1.1. La Cedille:La Cedille:La Cedille:La Cedille:La Cedille: This sign is put under the letter ‘c’ (ç). ‘a’, ‘o’ and ‘u’ arehard vowels, and when they follow ‘c’ the sounds are ‘ka’, ‘ko’ and‘ku’. To make the sound soft, we use the cedilla under ‘c’, whichchanges the sounds ‘sa’, ‘s’ and ‘su’.

Garçon boy

Leçon lesson

2.2.2.2.2. LLLLL’apostr’apostr’apostr’apostr’apostrophe:ophe:ophe:ophe:ophe: (’) the apostrophe is put when a word ends with avowel and the word following it begins with a vowel – either thesame one or any other.

Que est-ce que tu fais? Qu’est-ce que tu fais ?

In the above example, ‘que’ ends with ‘e’ and ‘est’ begins with ‘e’.Therefore, the ‘e’ of ‘que’ is replaced with an apostrophe (‘).

3.3.3.3.3. Le trait d’union:Le trait d’union:Le trait d’union:Le trait d’union:Le trait d’union: here, a hyphen (-) is to connect two or more wordswhile making interrogative sentences.

Il est français. Est-il français?

Vous allez au marché. Allez-vous au marché ?

4.4.4.4.4. Le tréma:Le tréma:Le tréma:Le tréma:Le tréma: This sign, when put over a vowel, is to be pronouncedseparately from the one put before it.

Noël

1.5 LES SIGNES DE PONCTUATION (PUNCTUATION MARKS)

Punctuation marks are used in French almost the same way they are inEnglish. Only tiret (dash) is used differently. In the French language, it denotesa change of speaker.

3

Letters and Sounds


French

Notes ‘.’ le point point (period)

‘,’ la virgule comma

‘;’ le point-virgule semi colon

‘:’ les deux points colon

‘?’ le point d’interrogation interrogation sign/question mark

‘-’ le trait d’union hyphen

‘–’ le tiret dash‘!’ le point d’exclamation exclamation sign‘…’ le point de suspension elipses‘ ‘‘’’ ’ les guillemets double quotation marks‘( )’ la parenthèse parenthesis

1.7 SUMMARY

In this unit, you have learned the French alphabet, which is similar to theEnglish alphabet.

Accents are very important in French. They not just change thepronunciation; in many cases they even change the meaning. Accents areput only on pure vowels and not on semi vowels and consonants. Acuteaccent is put only on the letter ‘e’; grave accent is put on ‘a’, ‘e’ and ‘u’.Circumflex accent is used on all pure vowels.

Finally, you learned the punctuation marks used in French. They are thesame as in English, except for tiret, which indicates a change in speaker.

1.8 QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES

1. Write the French names of the following letters :

c, e, j, k, n, x, z

2. Name the three types of accents and give three examples of each.

3. Give five examples of the use apostrophe in French.

4. List the orthographic signs used in French.

4


NotesUNIT

NOMBRES

2.0 INTRODUCTION

In this unit, you will learn cardinal and ordinal numbers (from 1 to 100)in French. You will also learn how to read and tell the date, time, days of theweek, months of the year and the seasons. You will also learn how to makesimple sentences and questions, which will help you to understand the usageand train you to converse in French.

2.1 UNIT OBJECTIVES

After going through this unit, you will be able to:

l Read and write the cardinal and ordinal numbers (zero to 100) inFrench

l Expand your vocabulary by learning the names of days of the week,months, seasons and also read the time

l Learn how to form simple sentences and questions using the topicsintroduced to you in this lesson

2.2 NOMBRES (NUMBERS)

2.2.1 Les Nombres Cardinaux (Cardinal Numbers)

Zéro 0

Un 1

Deux 2

Trois 3

Quatre 4

Cinq 5

Six 6

Sept 7

Huit 8

2

5


French

Notes Neuf 9

Dix 10

Onze 11

Douze 12

Treize 13

Quatorze 14

Quinze 15

Seize 16

Dix-sept 17

Dix-huit 18

Dix-neuf 19

Vingt 20

Vingt et un 21

Vingt-deux 22

Vingt-trois 23

Vingt-quatre 24

Vingt-cinq 25

Vingt-six 26

Vingt-sept 27

Vingt-huit 28

Vingt-neuf 29

Trente 30

Trente et un 31

Trente-deux 32

Trente-trois 33

Trente-quatre 34

Trente-cinq 35

Trente-six 36

Trente-sept 37

Trente-huit 38

Trente-neuf 39

Quarante 40

Quarante et un 41

Quarante-deux 42

6


NotesQuarante-trois 43

Quarante-quatre 44

Quarante-cinq 45

Quarante-six 46

Quarante-sept 47

Quarante-huit 48

Quarante-neuf 49

Cinquante 50

Cinquante et un 51

Cinquante-deux 52

Cinquante-trois 53

Cinquante-quatre 54

Cinquante-cinq 55

Cinquante-six 56

Cinquante-sept 57

Cinquante-huit 58

Cinquante-neuf 59

Soixante 60

Soixante et un 61

Soixante-deux 62

Soixante-trois 63

Soixante-quatre 64

Soixante-cinq 65

Soixante-six 66

Soixante-sept 67

Soixante-huit 68

Soixante-neuf 69

Soixante-dix 70

Soixante et onze 71

Soixante-douze 72

Soixante-treize 73

Soixante-quatorze 74

Soixante-quinze 75

Soixante-seize 76

7

Nombres


French

Notes Soixante-dix-sept 77

Soixante-dix-huit 78

Soixante-dix-neuf 79

Quatre-vingts 80

Quatre-vingt-un 81

Quatre-vingt-deux 82

Quatre-vingt-trois 83

Quatre-vingt-quatre 84

Quatre-vingt-cinq 85

Quatre-vingt-six 86

Quatre-vingt-sept 87

Quatre-vingt-huit 88

Quatre-vingt-neuf 89

Quatre-vingt-dix 90

Quatre-vingt-onze 91

Quatre-vingt-douze 92

Quatre-vingt-treize 93

Quatre-vingt-quatorze 94

Quatre-vingt-quinze 95

Quatre-vingt-seize 96

Quatre-vingt-dix-sept 97

Quatre-vingt-dix-huit 98

Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf 99

Cent 100

2.2.2 LES NOMBRES ORDINAUX (ORDINAL NUMBERS)

The ordinal form of the number ‘1’ has both forms – masculine andfeminine. All other numbers are either in the masculine or feminine form.

Premier/première first

Deuxième second

Troisième third

Quatrième fourth

Cinquième fifth

Sixième sixth

Septième seventh

8


NotesHuitième eigth

Neuvième ninth

Dixième tenth

Onzième

Douzième

Treizième

Quatorzième

Quinzième

Seizième

Dix-septième

Dix-huitième

Dix-neuvième

Vingtième

Vingt et unième

Vingt-deuxième

Vingt-troisième

Vingt-quatrième

Vingt-cinqième

Vingt-sixième

Vingt-septième

Vingt-huitième

Vingt-neuvième

Trentième

Trente et unième

Trente-deuxième

Trente-troisième

Trente-quatrième

Trente-cinqième

Trente-sixième

Trente-septième

Trente-huitième

Trente-neuvième

Quarantième

Quarante et unième

9

Nombres


French

Notes Quarante-deuxième

Quarante-troisième

Quarante-quatrième

Quarante-cinqième

Quarante-sixième

Quarante-septième

Quarante-huitième

Quarante-neuvième

Cinquantième

Cinquante et unième

Cinquante-deuxième

Cinquante-troisième

Cinquante-quatrième

Cinquante-cinquième

Cinquante-sixième

Cinquante-septième

Cinquante-huitième

Cinquante-neuvième

Soixantième

Soixante et unième

Soixante-deuxième

Soixante-troisième

Soixante-quatrième

Soixante-cinqième

Soixante-sixième

Soixante-septième

Soixante-huitième

Soixante-neuvième

Soixante-dixième

Soixante et onzième

Soixante-douzième

Soixante-treizième

Soixante-quatorzième

Soixante-quinzième

10


NotesSoixante-seizième

Soixante-dix-septième

Soixante-dix-huitième

Soixante-dix-neuvième

Quatre-vingtième

Quatre-vingt-unième

Quatre-vingt-deuxième

Quatre-vingt-troisième

Quatre-vingt-quatrième

Quatre-vingt-cinqième

Quatre-vingt-sixième

Quatre-vingt-septième

Quatre-vingt-huitième

Quatre-vingt-neuvième

Quatre-vingt-dixième

Quatre-vingt-onzième

Quatre-vingt-douzième

Quatre-vingt-troisième

Quatre-vingt-quatorzième

Quatre-vingt-quinzième

Quatre-vingt-seizième

Quatre-vingt-dix-septième

Quatre-vingt-dix-huitième

Quatre-vingt-dix-neuvième

Centième

2.3 DAY, DATE AND TIME

2.3.1 La Date (The Date)

Quelle est la date? What is the date?

There are many ways you can answer this question:

l C’est le 16 février It is 16th February

l On est le 16 février It is 16th February

l Nous sommes le 16 février It is 16th February

11

Nombres


French

Notes 2.3.2 L’heure (Time)

Comment dire l’heure

a. Il est une heure. It is 1 o’clock

b. Il est deux heures. It is 2 o’clock

c. Il est trios heures. It is 3 o’clock

d. Il est quatre heures. It is 4 o’clock

e. Il est cinq heures. It is 5 o’clock

f. Il est six heures. It is 6 o’clock

g. Il est sept heures. It is 7 o’clock

h. Il est hiut heures. It is 8 o’clock

i. Il est neuf heures. It is 9 o’clock

j. Il est dix heures. It is 10 o’clock

k. Il est onze heures. It is 11 o’clock

l. Il est douze heures. It is 12 o’clock

m. Il est midi. It is noon/mid-day

n. Il est minuit. It is midnight

o. Il est zéro heures. It is zero hour

p. Il est deux heures cinq It is 2.05

q. Il est deux heures quinze It is 2.15

r. Il est deux heures et quart It is quarter past two

s. Il est deux heures moins le quart It is quarter to two

t. Il est deux heures trente. It is 2.30

u. Il est deux heures et demie. It is half past two

2.3.3 Les Jours de la Semaine (Days of the Week)

a. Lundi Monday

b. Mardi Tuesday

c. Mercredi Wednesday

d. Jeudi Thursday

e. Vendredi Friday

f. Samedi Saturday

g. Dimanche Sunday

12


Notesa. Aujourd’hui Today

b. Hier Yesterday

c. Demain Tomorrow

Comment dire le jour

a. C’est quel jour, aujourd’hui? What day is it today?

b. C’est lundi. It is Monday.

c. C’était quel jour, hier? What day was it yesterday?

d. C’était dimanche. It was Sunday.

e. C’est quel jour demain? What day is it tomorrow?

f. C’est mardi,demain. Tomorrow is Sunday.

2.3.4 Les mois de l’année (Months of the Year)

a. Janvier January

b. Février Feburary

c. Mars March

d. Avril April

e. Mai May

f. Juin June

g. Juillet July

h. Août August

i. Septembre September

j. Octobre October

k. Novembre November

l. Décembre December

Comment dire le mois

a. Nous sommes au quel mois? What month is it?b. Nous sommes au mois de février? It is February.

2.3.5 Les Saisons (Seasons)

Il y a quatre saisons dans une année There are four seasons in a year

a. L’été summer

b. L’hiver winter

c. Le printemps spring

13

Nombres


French

Notes d. L’automne autumn

We will now make some simple sentences with names of the seasons :

a. En été, il fait chaud In summer, it is hot.

b. En hiver, il fait froid In winter, it is cold.

c. Au printemps,il fait beau In spring, the weather is fine.

d. En automne,il feuilles tombent In autumn, leaves fall.

2.4 SUMMARY

Names of the days and months and reading the time, have been introducedin this unit. You will now be able to construct simple sentences using thesewords. Cardinal and ordinal numbers have been explained in this unit.


1. Write the following cardinal numbers in words:

11, 17, 20, 43, 57, 62, 79, 100

2. Write the following ordinal numbers in words:

22, 34, 48, 50, 88, 97

3. Answer the following questions:

(i) Quelle est la date?

(ii) Comment dire l’heure?

(iii) C’est quell jour demain?

(iv) Nous sommes au quell mois?

4. Translate the following into French:

(i) Today is Wednesday, 19 May.

(ii) It is May and it is very hot.

(iii) It is cold in winter.

(iv) Tomorrow is Thursday.

5. Translate into English:

(i) Nous sommes le 19 Mai.

(ii) Il est sept heures.

(iii) Il est deux heures moins le quart.

(iv) C’était quell jour, hier?

14


NotesUNIT

CATEGORIES OF GRAMMAR

3.0 INTRODUCTION

In this unit, you will be introduced to French grammar. You will start thislesson with the articles. As in English, in French, too, there are two types ofarticles – definite and indefinite. You will be introduced to definite andindefinite articles and understand how these are used and what their functionsare.

You will then learn about nouns (noms) followed by adjectives. There aremany forms of adjectives – feminine, positive, comparative and superlative.All nouns have a gender – masculine or feminine. The article used with thenoun indicates the gender of the noun. The next rule of grammar you willlearn is the pronoun, which is a word that is used in place of a noun.

This unit introduces you to the verb (verbe) – or action word. In French,as you will see, verbs have many form – masculine and feminine, singularand plural, and first, second and third persons. Conjugation of verbs is avery important part of French grammar.

The numerous examples in the lesson will help you to understand themany rules of grammar without any difficulty,

3.1 UNIT OBJECTIVES

After going through this unit, you will be able to :

l Learn the usage of definite and indefinite articles and understandhow they indicate the gender of nouns

l Explain the singular and plural forms of nouns

l Learn how to form simple sentences and questions using the nounsintroduced to you in this lesson

l Learn the importance and usage of pronouns

l Learn the usage of verbs

3

15


French

Notes l Understand the use of past tense and future tense, adverbs,prepositions, conjunctions and interjections

l Understand the use of adjectives and further qualifying themcomparatives and superlatives

l Learn the names of the different colours in French

3.2 ARTICLES (ARTICLES)

3.2.1 Article Indéfini (Indefinite Article)

In French language, the indefinite article is very important because everynoun is followed by an article. There are three indefinite articles un, une anddes. Un is used for a masculine singular noun, une is used for a femininesingular noun and des is used with a plural noun plural – both masculineand feminine. Un and une have the same meaning as ‘a/an’ in English, anddes means ‘some’.

Un : A, anUn : A, anUn : A, anUn : A, anUn : A, an

Un garcon a boy

Un homme a man

UN livre a book

Un stylo a pen

Un cahier a notebook

Une : A, anUne : A, anUne : A, anUne : A, anUne : A, an

Une fille a girl

Une femme a woman

Une gomme an eraser

Une chaise a chair

Une école a school

Des : SomeDes : SomeDes : SomeDes : SomeDes : Some

Des garçons some boys

Des hommes some men

Des livres some books

Des stylos some pens

Des cahiers some note books

Des filles some girls

Des femmes some women

Des gommes some erasers

16


NotesDes chaises some chairs

Des écoles some schools

In French, every noun is considered to be either manculine or feminine.

Qu’est ce que c’est? What is this/that?

This question is used for non-living nouns, birds and animals :

C’est un cahier this is a notebook

C’est un livre this is a book

C’est un stylo this is a pen

C’est un crayon this is a pencil

C’est une chaise this is a chair

C’est une table this is a table

C’est un chien this is a dog

C’est un oiseau this is a bird

C’est un corbeau this is a crow

C’est un chat this is a cat

Qu’est-ce que c’est also means ‘What are these/What are those?’ :

Ce sont des cahiers these are some notebooks

Ce sont des livres these are some books

Ce sont des stylos these are some pen

Ce sont des crayons these are some pencils

Ce sont des chaises these are some chairs

Ce sont des tables these are some tables

Ce sont des chiens these are some dogs

Ce sont des oiseaux these are some birds

Ce sont des corbeaux these are some crows

Ce sont des chats these are some cats

Qui est-ce? Who is this? Who is that?

This question is used for people :

C’est un garcon this is a boy

C’est une fille this is a girl

C’est un homme this is a man

C’est une femme this is a woman

17

Categories of Grammar


French

Notes C’est un professeur this is a teacher

Qui-ce is also used in the plural sense :

Ce sont des garcons these are some boys

Ce sont des filles these are some girls

Ce sont des homems these are some men

Ce sont des femmes these are some women

Ce sont des professeurs these are some teachers

3.2.2 ARTICLE DÉFINIS

There are four definite articles in French : le, la, l’, les. Le is used for amasculine noun, la is used for a feminine noun, l’ is used if the noun startswith a vowel and les is used for plural nouns.

Le : TheLe : TheLe : TheLe : TheLe : The

Le garcon the boy

Le livre the book

Le cahier the note-book

Le stylo the pen

Le crayon the pencil

La : TheLa : TheLa : TheLa : TheLa : The

La fille the girl

La femme the woman

La chaise the chair

La table the table

La maison the house

LLLLL’ : The’ : The’ : The’ : The’ : The

L’homme the man

L’hôtel the hotel

L’hôpital the hospital

L’école the school

L’appartement the appartment

Les : The (plural)Les : The (plural)Les : The (plural)Les : The (plural)Les : The (plural)

Les garçons the boys

Les livres the books

Les cahiers the note-books

18


NotesLes stylos the pens

Les crayons the pens

Les filles the girls

Les femmes the women

Les chaises the chairs

Les tables the tables

Les maisons the houses

Les hommes the men

Les hôtels the hotels

Les hôpitaux the hospitals

Les écoles the schools

Les appartements the apartments

3.3 NOM (NOUN)

Nouns are a very important part of any language. In French, every nounis either masculine or feminine. The gender of the noun is indicated by thedefinite or indefinite article used with it.

There are certain rules to find out if a noun is masculine or feminine. If anoun ends with –e, most of the time it is considered to be feminine. However,there are exceptions. Certain nouns ending with –e are masculine, such aslivre, thé and café, and there are some nouns which do not end with–e butconsidered to be feminine, such as maison. And all the nouns are followed byan article either masculine or feminine.

Un garcon

Une fille

Des garçons

Des filles

You have, by now, cleary understood nouns, indefinite and definitearticles. So here some groups of nouns associated with a topic.

La maison La maison La maison La maison La maison : The house (given below are the words/nouns you would associatewith a house)

L’entrée the gate

Le salon the living room

La chambre the bedroom

L’escalier the staircase

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French

Notes La salle à manger the dining room

La salle de bains the bathroom

La cuisine the kitchen

Le balcon the balcony

Le garage the garage

Les toilettes the toilet

Le salon/la chamber : The living room/the bedroom (given below are thewords/nouns you would associate with this room in any house)

La télé the televison

La télécommande the remote control

Le canapé the sofa

La table the table

Le tapis the carpet

Le vontilateur the fan

Le climatiseur the air conditioner

Le divan the couch

Le lit the bed

La photo the photograph

La lampe the lamp

Le tétéphone the telephone

La classe/l’école La classe/l’école La classe/l’école La classe/l’école La classe/l’école : The classroom /the school (given below are the words/nouns you would associate with a school/a classroom)

Le bâtiment de l’école the school building

Le professeur the teacher

La salle des professeurs the staff room

La salle de classe the classroom

Les étudiants the students

La cantine the canteen

Le terrain de sport the playground

La bibliothèque the library

Le tableau noir the blackboard

Le banc the bench

La chaise the chair

Le pupitre the desk

20


NotesLe cartable the school bag

L’ordinateur the computer

Le marché Le marché Le marché Le marché Le marché : The market (given below are the words/nouns you wouldassociate with a market)

Le magasin the shop

Le supermarché the supermarket

Le magasin des vêtements the shop for clothes

Le magasin des lunettes the shop for spectacles (optician)

Le magasins des chaussures the shop for shoes

Le vendeur the shopkeeper (masculine)

La vendeuse the shopkeeper (feminine)

La boucherie the meat shop

La boulangerie the bakery

La pharmacie the chemist

La librairie the book shop

Le traffic : The trafficLe traffic : The trafficLe traffic : The trafficLe traffic : The trafficLe traffic : The traffic

La rue the street

Le chemin the road

L’autoroute the highway

Le vélo the cycle

La moto the bike

La voiture the car

Le bus the bus

Le camion the truck

Le feu-rouge the red light

Le bouchon the traffic jam

Le pont the flyover

3.4 PRONOMS (PRONOUNS)

Pronoms Sujects Pronoms Sujects Pronoms Sujects Pronoms Sujects Pronoms Sujects : Subject Pronouns

These pronoun subjects are used the same way as pronouns are used inEnglish. Tu means you, as mentioned above, but it is informal and used withbrothers, sisters, friends and parents. Vous is used for strangers and in formaland official communication. Instead of tu, it is advisable to use the vous formexclusively for ‘you’.

21



French

Notes a. Je I

b. Tu You (informal)

c. Il he, it

d. Elle she, it

e. Nous we

f. Vous you (formal)

g. Ils they (masculine plural)

h. Ells they (feminine plural)

3.5 LIST OF PLACE NAMES

Conntries and their nationalitiesIn French language, countries are considered to be either masculine or

feminne. For masculine, the definite article le is used and for femininecountries, the definite article la is used. If a country’s name starts with avowel, then l’ is used. There are some exceptions.

For countries which are considered to be plural, les is used.

Les paysNationalité masculinNationalité féminin

L’Inde Indien Indienne

La France Français Française

L’Angleterre Anglais Anglaise

L’Amérique Américian Américaine

Le Japon Japonais Japonaise

La Chine Chinois Chinoise

Le pakistan Pakistanais Pakistanasis

L’Allemagne Allemand Allemande

L’Italie Italien Italienne

La Russie Russe Russe

La Suisse Suisse Suisse

L’Espagne Espagnol Espagnole

Le Canada Canadien Canadiene

Le Mexique Mexicain Mexicaine

3.6 VERBE (VERB)

Verbs are action words. In the French language, the verb is very important.In French, verbs are divided into groups. If a verb ends –er it is in the first

22


Notesgroup. If it ends with – ir it is in the second group. If it ends with –oir, -rire or–re, then it is considered to be in the third group. In the third group, all theverbs are irregular.

Listed below are some verbs :

a. Chanter to sing

b. Commencer to begin

c. Lever to raise, lift

d. Expliquer to explain

e. Manger to eat

f. Voler to fly

3.6.1 Le verbe être : to be3.6.1 Le verbe être : to be3.6.1 Le verbe être : to be3.6.1 Le verbe être : to be3.6.1 Le verbe être : to be

a. Je suis I am

b. Tu es you are

c. Il est he is/it is

d. Elle est she is/it is

e. Nous sommes we are

f. Vous êtes you are

g. Ils sont they are

h. Elles sont they are

3.6.2 Le verbe avoir : to have3.6.2 Le verbe avoir : to have3.6.2 Le verbe avoir : to have3.6.2 Le verbe avoir : to have3.6.2 Le verbe avoir : to have

a. J’ai I have

b. Tu as you have

c. Il a he has/it has

d. Elle a she has/it has

e. Nous avons we have

f. Vous avez you have

g. Ils ont they have

h. Elles ont they have

3.6.3 Conjugation of V3.6.3 Conjugation of V3.6.3 Conjugation of V3.6.3 Conjugation of V3.6.3 Conjugation of Verbserbserbserbserbs

3.6.3.1 First group of verbs3.6.3.1 First group of verbs3.6.3.1 First group of verbs3.6.3.1 First group of verbs3.6.3.1 First group of verbs

You will now learn how to conjugate the first group of verbs.

Present de l’indicatif the present simple

a. Parler to speak

23



French

Notes b. Je parle I speak

c. Tu parles you speak (informal)

d. Il parle he speaks

e. Elle parle she speaks

f. Nous parlons we speak

g. Vous parlez you speak (formal)

h. Ils parlent they speak (masculine plural)

i. Elles parlent they speak (feminine plural)

First, we remove –er from the infinitive and add –e with je, –es with tu, –e with il and ell, –eons with nous, –ez with vous and –ent with ils and elles.

Here are some verbs of the first group conjugated in present simple.

Regarder : to watchRegarder : to watchRegarder : to watchRegarder : to watchRegarder : to watch

a. Je regarde I watch

b. Tu regardes you watch

c. Il regarde he watches

d. Elle regarde she wathes

e. Nous regardons we watch

f. Vous regardez you watch

g. Ils regardent they watch

h. Elles regardent they watch

Aimer : to like, to loveAimer : to like, to loveAimer : to like, to loveAimer : to like, to loveAimer : to like, to love

a. J’aime I like

b. Tu aimes you like

c. Il aime he likes

d. Elle aime she likes

e. Nous aimons we like

f. Vous aimez you like

g. Ils aiment they like

h. Elles aiment they like

Habiter : to liveHabiter : to liveHabiter : to liveHabiter : to liveHabiter : to live

a. J’habite I live

b. Tu habites you live

c. Il habite he lives

d. Elle habite she lives

24


Notese. Nous habitons we live

f. Vous habitez you live

g. Ils habitent they live

h. Elles habitent they live

If any verb starts with a vowel, we remove –e of je; also remember, h is avowel in French.

Jouer : to playJouer : to playJouer : to playJouer : to playJouer : to play

a. Je joue I play

b. Tu joues you play

c. Il joue he plays

d. Elle joue she plays

e. Nous jouons we play

f. Vous jouez you play

g. Ils jouent they paly

h. Elles jouent they play

Penser : to thinkPenser : to thinkPenser : to thinkPenser : to thinkPenser : to think

a. Je pense I think

b. Tu penses you think

c. Il pense he thinks

d. Elle pense she thinks

e. Nous pensons we think

f. Vous pensez you think

g. Ils pensent they think

h. Elles pensent they think

Appler : to callAppler : to callAppler : to callAppler : to callAppler : to call

a. J’appelle I call

b. Tu appelles you call

c. Il appelle he calls

d. Elle appelle she calls

e. Nous appelons we call

f. Vous appelez you call

g. Ils appellant they call

h. Elles appellant they call

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French

Notes Oublier : to forgetOublier : to forgetOublier : to forgetOublier : to forgetOublier : to forget

a. J’oublie I forget

b. Tu oublies you forget

c. Il oublie he forgets

d. Elle oublie she forgets

e. Nous oublions we forget

f. Vous oubliez you forget

g. Ils oublient they forget

h. Elles oublient they forget

Rappeler : to remindRappeler : to remindRappeler : to remindRappeler : to remindRappeler : to remind

a. Je rappelle I remind

b. Tu rappelles you remind

c. Il rappelle he reminds

d. Elle rappelle she reminds

e. Nous rappelons we remind

f. Vous rappelez you remind

g. Ils rappellent they remind

h. Elles rappellent they remind

Rencontrer : to meetRencontrer : to meetRencontrer : to meetRencontrer : to meetRencontrer : to meet

a. Je recontre I meet

b. Tu recontres you meet

c. Il recontre he meets

d. Elle recontre she meets

e. Nous recontrons we meet

f. Vous recontrons you meet

g. Ils recontrent they meet

h. Elles recontrent they meet

Adorer : to adoreAdorer : to adoreAdorer : to adoreAdorer : to adoreAdorer : to adore

a. J’adore I adore

b. Tu adores you adore

c. Il adore he adores

d. Elle adore she adores

e. Nous adorons we adore

f. Vous adorez you adore

26


Notesg. Ils adorent they adore

h. Elles adorent they adore

Refuser : to refuseRefuser : to refuseRefuser : to refuseRefuser : to refuseRefuser : to refuse

a. Je refuse I refuse

b. Tu refuses you refuses

c. Il refuse he refuses

d. Elle refuse she refuses

e. Nous refusons we refuse

f. Vous refusez you refuse

g. Ils refusent they refuse

h. Elles refusent they refuse

Laisser : to leave, to letLaisser : to leave, to letLaisser : to leave, to letLaisser : to leave, to letLaisser : to leave, to let

a. Je laisse I leave

b. Tu laisses you leave

c. Il laisse he leaves

d. Elle laisse she leaves

e. Nous laissons we leave

f. Vous laissons you leave

g. Ils laissent they leave

h. Elles laissent they leave

Louer : to hireLouer : to hireLouer : to hireLouer : to hireLouer : to hire

a. Je loue I hire

b. Tu loues you hire

c. Il loue he hires

d. Elle loue she hires

e. Nous lounons we hire

f. Vous louez you hire

g. Ils louez they hire

h. Elles louent they hire

Marcher : to walkMarcher : to walkMarcher : to walkMarcher : to walkMarcher : to walk

a. Je marche I walk

b. Tu marches you walk

c. Il marche he walks

d. Elle marche she walks

27



French

Notes e. Nous marchons we walk

f. Vous marchez you walk

g. Ils marchent they walk

h. Elles marchent they walk

Monter : to climb, to go upMonter : to climb, to go upMonter : to climb, to go upMonter : to climb, to go upMonter : to climb, to go up

a. Je monte I go up

b. Tu montes you go up

c. Il monte he goes up

d. Elle monte she goes up

e. Nous montons we go up

f. Vous montez you go up

g. Ils montent they go up

h. Elles montent they go up

Montrer : to showMontrer : to showMontrer : to showMontrer : to showMontrer : to show

a. Je montre I show

b. Tu montres you show

c. Il montre he shows

d. Elle montre she shows

e. Nous montrons we show

f. Vous montrez you show

g. Ils montrent they show

h. Elles montrent they show

Acheter : to buyAcheter : to buyAcheter : to buyAcheter : to buyAcheter : to buy

a. J’achète I buy

b. Tu achètes you buy

c. Il achète he buys

d. Elle achète she buys

e. Nous achetons we buy

f. Vous achetez you buy

g. Ils achètent they buy

h. Elles achètent they buy

Cacher : to hideCacher : to hideCacher : to hideCacher : to hideCacher : to hide

a. Je cache I hide

b. Tu caches you hide

28


Notesc. Il cache he hides

d. Elle cache she hides

e. Nous cachons we hide

f. Vous cachez you hide

g. Ils cachent they hide

h. Elles cachent they hide

Demander : to askDemander : to askDemander : to askDemander : to askDemander : to ask

a. Je demande I ask

b. Tu demandes you ask

c. Il demande he asks

d. Elle demande she asks

e. Nous demandons we ask

f. Vous demandez you ask

g. Ils demandent they ask

h. Elles demandent they ask

VVVVVoler : to steal, to flyoler : to steal, to flyoler : to steal, to flyoler : to steal, to flyoler : to steal, to fly

a. Je vole I fly

b. Tu voles you fly

c. Il vole he flies

d. Elle vole she flies

e. Nous volons we fly

f. Vous volez you fly

g. Ils volent they fly

h. Elles volent they fly

Commencer : to startCommencer : to startCommencer : to startCommencer : to startCommencer : to start

a. Je commence I start

b. Tu commences you start

c. Il commence he starts

d. Elle commence she starts

e. Nous commençons we start

f. Vous commencez you start

g. Ils commencent they start

h. Elles commencent they start

29



French

Notes Conseiller : to adviseConseiller : to adviseConseiller : to adviseConseiller : to adviseConseiller : to advise

a. Je conseille I advise

b. Tu conseilles you advise

c. Il conseille he advises

d. Elle conseille she advises

e. Nous conseillons we advise

f. Vous conseillez you advise

g. Ils conseillent they advise

h. Elles conseiller they advisent

Donner : to giveDonner : to giveDonner : to giveDonner : to giveDonner : to give

a. Je donne I give

b. Tu donnes you give

c. Il donne he gives

d. Elle donne she gives

e. Nous donnons wegive

f. Vous donnez you give

g. Ils donnent they give

h. Elles donnent they give

Pardonner : to forgivePardonner : to forgivePardonner : to forgivePardonner : to forgivePardonner : to forgive

a. Je pardonne I forgive

b. Tu pardonnes you forgive

c. Il pardonne he forgives

d. Elle pardonne she forgives

e. Nous pardonnons we forgive

f. Vous pardonnez you forgive

g. Ils pardonnent they forgive

h. Elles pardonnent they forgive

Proposer : to suggestProposer : to suggestProposer : to suggestProposer : to suggestProposer : to suggest

a. Je propose I suggest

b. Tu proposes you sugest

c. Il propose he suggests

d. Elle propose she suggests

e. Nous proposons we suggest

f. Vous proposez you suggest

30


Notesg. Ils proposent they suggest

h. Elles proposent they suggest

Ramasser : to gatherRamasser : to gatherRamasser : to gatherRamasser : to gatherRamasser : to gather

a. Je ramasse I gather

b. Tu ramasses you gather

c. Il ramasse he gathers

d. Elle ramasse she gathers

e. Nous ramassons we gather

f. Vous ramassez you gather

g. Ils ramassent they gather

h. Elles ramassent they gather

Pleurer : to weep, mournPleurer : to weep, mournPleurer : to weep, mournPleurer : to weep, mournPleurer : to weep, mourn

a. Je pleure I cry

b. Tu pleures you cry

c. Il pleure he cries

d. Elle pleure she cries

e. Nous pleurons we cry

f. Vous pleurez you cry

g. Ils pleurent they cry

h. Elles pleurent they cry

Porter : to carryPorter : to carryPorter : to carryPorter : to carryPorter : to carry

a. Je porte I carry

b. Tu portes you carry

c. Il porte he carries

d. Elle porte she carries

e. Nous portons we carry

f. Vous portez you carry

g. Ils portent they carry

h. Elles portent they carry

TTTTTravailler : to workravailler : to workravailler : to workravailler : to workravailler : to work

a. Je travaille I work

b. Tu travailles you work

c. Il travaille he works

d. Elle travaille she works

31



French

Notes e. Nous travaillons we work

f. Vous travaillez you work

g. Ils travaillent they work

h. Elles travaillent they work

Rester : to stayRester : to stayRester : to stayRester : to stayRester : to stay

a. Je reste I stay

b. Tu restes you stay

c. Il reste he stays

d. Elle reste she stays

e. Nous restons we stay

f. Vous restez you stay

g. Ils restent they stay

h. Elles restent they stay

TTTTTiririririrer : to drawer : to drawer : to drawer : to drawer : to draw, to pull, to pull, to pull, to pull, to pull

a. Je tire I pull

b. Tu tires you pull

c. Il tire he pulls

d. Elle tire she pulls

e. Nous tirons we pull

f. Vous tirez you pull

g. Ils tirent they pull

h. Elles tirent they pull

Pousser : to pushPousser : to pushPousser : to pushPousser : to pushPousser : to push

a. Je pousse I push

b. Tu pousses you push

c. Ils pousse he pushes

d. Elle pousse she pushes

e. Nous poussons we push

f. Vous poussez you push

g. Ils poussent they push

h. Elles poussent they push

Arriver : to arriveArriver : to arriveArriver : to arriveArriver : to arriveArriver : to arrive

a. J’arrive I arrive

b. Tu arrives you arrive

32


Notesc. Il arrive he arrives

d. Elle arrive she arrives

e. Nous arrivons we arrive

f. Vous arrivez you arrive

g. Ils arrivent they arrive

h. Elles arrivent they arrive

Inviter : to inviteInviter : to inviteInviter : to inviteInviter : to inviteInviter : to invite

a. J’invite I invite

b. Tu invites you invite

c. Il invite he invites

d. Elle invite she invites

e. Nous invitons we invite

f. Vous invitez you invite

g. Ils invitent they invite

h. Elles invitent they invite

Gaspiller : to wasteGaspiller : to wasteGaspiller : to wasteGaspiller : to wasteGaspiller : to waste

a. Je gaspille I waste

b. Tu gaspilles you waste

c. Il gaspille he wastes

d. Elle gaspille she wastes

e. Nous gaspillons we waste

f. Vous gaspillez you waste

g. Ils gaspillent they waste

h. Elles gaspillent they waste

Imaginer : to imagineImaginer : to imagineImaginer : to imagineImaginer : to imagineImaginer : to imagine

a. J’imagine I imagine

b. Tu imagines you imagine

c. Il imagine he imagines

d. Elle imagine she imagines

e. Nous imaginons we imagine

f. Vous imaginez you imagine

g. Ils imaginent they imagine

h. Elles imaginent they imagine

33



French

Notes Fermer : to closeFermer : to closeFermer : to closeFermer : to closeFermer : to close

a. Je ferme I close

b. Tu fermes you close

c. Il ferme he closes

d. Elle ferme she closes

e. Nous fermons we close

f. Vous fermez you close

g. Ils ferment they close

h. Elles ferment they close

Briser : to breakBriser : to breakBriser : to breakBriser : to breakBriser : to break

a. Je brise I break

b. Tu brises you break

c. Il brise he breaks

d. Elle brise she breaks

e. Nous brisons we break

f. Vous brisez you break

g. Ils brisent they break

h. Elles brisent they break

Chanter : to singChanter : to singChanter : to singChanter : to singChanter : to sing

a. Je chante I sing

b. Tu chantes you sing

c. Il chante he sings

d. Elle chante she sings

e. Nous chantons we sing

f. Vous chantez you sing

g. Ils chantent they sing

h. Elles chantent they sing

Danser : to danceDanser : to danceDanser : to danceDanser : to danceDanser : to dance

a. Je danse I dance

b. Tu danses you dance

c. Il danse he dances

d. Elle danse she dances

e. Nous dansons we dance

f. Vous dansez you dance

34


Notesg. Ils dansent they dance

h. Elles dansent they dance

3.6.3.2 Second group of verbs3.6.3.2 Second group of verbs3.6.3.2 Second group of verbs3.6.3.2 Second group of verbs3.6.3.2 Second group of verbs

Finir : to finishFinir : to finishFinir : to finishFinir : to finishFinir : to finish

a. Je finis I finish

b. Tu finis you finish

c. Il finit he finishes

d. Elle finit she finishes

e. Nous finissons we finish

f. Vous finissez you finish

g. Ils finissent they finish

h. Elles finissent they finish

For this group of verbs, we remove –r and put –is with je and tu, –it withil and elle, – ssons with nous, –ssez with vous and –ssent with ils and elles.

Choisir : to chooseChoisir : to chooseChoisir : to chooseChoisir : to chooseChoisir : to choose

a. Je choisis I choose

b. Tu choisis you choose

c. Il choisit he chooses

d. Elle choisit she chooses

e. Nous choisissons we choose

f. Vous choisissez you choose

g. Ils choisissent they choose

h. Elles choisissent they choose

Grandir : to become tall, to growGrandir : to become tall, to growGrandir : to become tall, to growGrandir : to become tall, to growGrandir : to become tall, to grow

a. Je grandis I grow

b. Tu grandis you grow

c. Il grandit he grows

d. Elle grandit she grows

e. Nous grandissons we grows

f. Vous grandissez you grow

g. Ils grandissent they grow

h. Elles grandissent they grow

Rougir : to blush, to feel shyRougir : to blush, to feel shyRougir : to blush, to feel shyRougir : to blush, to feel shyRougir : to blush, to feel shy

a. Je rougis I feel shy

35



French

Notes b. Tu rougis you feel shy

c. Il rougit he feels shy

d. Elle rougit shy feels shy

e. Nous rougissons we feel shy

f. Vous rougissez you feel shy

g. Ils rougissent they feel shy

h. Elles rougissent they feel shy

Réussir : to succeedRéussir : to succeedRéussir : to succeedRéussir : to succeedRéussir : to succeed

a. Je réussis I succeed

b. Tu réussis you succeed

c. Il réussit he succeeds

d. Elle réussit she succeed

e. Nous réussissons we succeed

f. Vous réussissez you succeed

g. Ils réussissent they succeed

h. Elles réussissent they succeed

Grossir : to put on weightGrossir : to put on weightGrossir : to put on weightGrossir : to put on weightGrossir : to put on weight

a. Je grossis I put on weight

b. Tu grossis you put on weight

c. Il grossit he puts on weights

d. Elle grossit she puts on weights

e. Nous grossissons we put on weight

f. Vous grossissez you put on weight

g. Ils grossissent they put on weight

h. Elles grossissent they put on weight

Dormir : to sleepDormir : to sleepDormir : to sleepDormir : to sleepDormir : to sleep

a. Je dormis I sleep

b. Tu dormis you sleep

c. Il dormit he sleeps

d. Elle dormit she sleeps

e. Nous dormons we sleep

f. Vous dormez you sleep

g. Ils dorment they sleep

h. Elles dormant they sleep

36


NotesSortir : to go outSortir : to go outSortir : to go outSortir : to go outSortir : to go out

a. Je sors I go out

b. Tu sors you go out

c. Il sort he goes out

d. Elle sort she goes out

e. Nous sortons we go out

f. Vous sortez you go out

g. Ils sortent they go out

h. Elles sortent they go out

Partir : to leave, to movePartir : to leave, to movePartir : to leave, to movePartir : to leave, to movePartir : to leave, to move

a. Je pars I leave

b. Tu pars you leave

c. Il part he leaves

d. Elle part she leaves

e. Nous partons we leave

f. Vous partez you leave

g. Ils partent they leave

h. Elles partent they leave

Mentir : to tell a lieMentir : to tell a lieMentir : to tell a lieMentir : to tell a lieMentir : to tell a lie

a. Je ments I tell a lie

b. Tu ments you tell a lie

c. Il ment he tells a lie

d. Elle ment she tells a lie

e. Nous mentons we tell a lie

f. Vous mentez you tell a lie

g. Ils mentent they tell a lie

h. Elles mentent they tell a lie

Sentir : to smellSentir : to smellSentir : to smellSentir : to smellSentir : to smell

a. Je sens I smell

b. Tu sens you smell

c. Il sent he smells

d. Elle sent she smells

e. Nous sentons we smell

f. Vous sentez you smell

37



French

Notes g. Ils sentent they smell

h. Elles sentent they smell

VVVVVenir : to comeenir : to comeenir : to comeenir : to comeenir : to come

a. Je viens I come

b. Tu viens you come

c. Il vient he comes

d. Elle vient she comes

e. Nous venons we come

f. Vous venez you come

g. Ils viennent they come

h. Elles vlennent they come

TTTTTenir : to holdenir : to holdenir : to holdenir : to holdenir : to hold

a. Je tiens I hold

b. Tu tiens you hold

c. Il tiend he holds

d. Elle tiend she holds

e. Nous tenons we hold

f. Vous tenez you hold

g. Ils tiennent they hold

h. Elles tiennent they hold

3.6.3.3 Third group of verbs3.6.3.3 Third group of verbs3.6.3.3 Third group of verbs3.6.3.3 Third group of verbs3.6.3.3 Third group of verbs

Prendre : to takePrendre : to takePrendre : to takePrendre : to takePrendre : to take

a. Je prends I take

b. Tu prends you take

c. Il prend he takes

d. Elle prend she takes

e. Nous prenons we take

f. Vous prenez you take

g. Ils prennez they take

h. Elles prennent they take

Apprendre : to learnApprendre : to learnApprendre : to learnApprendre : to learnApprendre : to learn

a. J’apprends I learn

b. Tu apprends you leran

c. Il apprend he learns

38


Notesd. Elle apprend she learns

e. Nous apprenons we learn

f. Vous apprenez you learn

g. Ils apprennent they learn

h. Elles apprennent they learn

Comprendre : to understandComprendre : to understandComprendre : to understandComprendre : to understandComprendre : to understand

a. Je comprends I understand

b. Tu comprends you understand

c. Il comprend he understands

d. Elle comprend she understands

e. Nous comprenons we understand

f. Vous comprenez you understand

g. Ils comprennent they understand

h. Elles comprennent they understand

VVVVVendrendrendrendrendre : to selle : to selle : to selle : to selle : to sell

a. Je vends I sell

b. Tu vends you sell

c. Il vend he sells

d. Elle vend she sells

e. Nous vendons we sell

f. Vous vendez you sell

g. Ils vendent they sell

h. Elles vendent they sell

Faire : to do, to makeFaire : to do, to makeFaire : to do, to makeFaire : to do, to makeFaire : to do, to make

a. Je fais I do

b. Tu fais you do

c. Il fait he does

d. Elle fait she does

e. Nous faisons we do

f. Vous faites you do

g. Ils font they do

h. Elles font they do

Dire : to tell, to sayDire : to tell, to sayDire : to tell, to sayDire : to tell, to sayDire : to tell, to say

a. Je dis I tell

39



French

Notes b. Tu dis you tell

c. Il dit he tells

d. Elle dit she tells

e. Nous disons we tell

f. Vous dites you tell

g. Ils disent they tell

h. Elles disent they tell

Être : to beÊtre : to beÊtre : to beÊtre : to beÊtre : to be

a. Je suis I am

b. Tu es you are

c. Il est he is

d. Elle est she is

e. Nous sommes we are

f. Vous êtes you are

g. Ils sont they are

h. Elles sont they are

AAAAAvoir : to havevoir : to havevoir : to havevoir : to havevoir : to have

a. J’ai I have

b. Tu as you have

c. Il a he has

d. Elle a she has

e. Nous avons we have

f. Vous avez you have

g. Ils ont they have

h. Elles ont they have

VVVVVoir : to seeoir : to seeoir : to seeoir : to seeoir : to see

a. Je vois i see

b. Tu vois you see

c. Il voit he sees

d. Elle voit she sees

e. Nous voyons we see

f. Vous voyez you see

g. Ils voient they see

h. Elles voient they see

40


NotesMettre : to putMettre : to putMettre : to putMettre : to putMettre : to put

a. Je mets I put

b. Tu mets you put

c. Il met he puts

d. Elle met she puts

e. Nous mettons we put

f. Vous mettez you put

g. Ils mettent they put

h. Elles mettent they put

Lire : to readLire : to readLire : to readLire : to readLire : to read

a. Je lis I read

b. Tu lis you read

c. Il lit he reads

d. Elle lit she reads

e. Nous lisons we read

f. Vous lisez you read

g. Ils lisent they read

h. Elles lisent they read

Écrire : to writeÉcrire : to writeÉcrire : to writeÉcrire : to writeÉcrire : to write

a. J’écris I write

b. Tu écris you write

c. Il écrit he writes

d. Elle écrit she writes

e. Nous écrivons we write

f. Vous écrivez you write

g. Ils écrivent they write

h. Elles écrivent they write

VVVVVouloir : to wantouloir : to wantouloir : to wantouloir : to wantouloir : to want

a. Je veux I want

b. Tu veux you want

c. Il veut he wants

d. Elle veut she wants

e. Nous voulons we want

f. Vous voulez you want

41



French

Notes g. Ils veulent they want

h. Elles veulent they want

Pouvoir : can, mayPouvoir : can, mayPouvoir : can, mayPouvoir : can, mayPouvoir : can, may

a. Je peux I can

b. Tu peux you can

c. Il peut he can

d. Elle peut she can

e. Nous pouvons we can

f. Vous pouvez you can

g. Ils peuvent they can

h. Elles peuvent they can

Devoir : has to, have to, should, to oweDevoir : has to, have to, should, to oweDevoir : has to, have to, should, to oweDevoir : has to, have to, should, to oweDevoir : has to, have to, should, to owe

a. Je dois I have to

b. Tu dois you have to

c. Il doit he has to

d. Elle doit she has to

e. Nous devons we have to

f. Vous devez you have to

g. Ils doivent they have to

h. Elles doivent they have to

Connaître : to knowConnaître : to knowConnaître : to knowConnaître : to knowConnaître : to know

a. Je connais I know

b. Tu connais you know

c. Il connaît he knows

d. Elle connaît she knows

e. Nous connaissons we know

f. Vous connaissez you know

g. Ils connaissent they know

h. Elles connaissent they know

Savoir : to know how to do somethingSavoir : to know how to do somethingSavoir : to know how to do somethingSavoir : to know how to do somethingSavoir : to know how to do something

a. Je sais I know

b. Tu sais you know

c. Il sait he knows

d. Elle sait she knows

42


Notese. Nous savons we know

f. Vous savez you know

g. Ils savent they know

h. Elles savent they know

Mourir : to dieMourir : to dieMourir : to dieMourir : to dieMourir : to die

a. Je meurs i die

b. Tu meurs you die

c. Il meurt he dies

d. Elle meurt she dies

e. Nous mourons we die

f. Vous mourez you die

g. Ils meurent they die

h. Elles meurent they die

Conduire : to driveConduire : to driveConduire : to driveConduire : to driveConduire : to drive

a. Je conduis i drive

b. Tu conduis you drive

c. Il conduit he drives

d. Elle conduit she drives

e. Nous conduisons we drive

f. Vous conduisez you drive

g. Ils conduisent they drive

h. Elles conduisent they drive

Recevoir : to receiveRecevoir : to receiveRecevoir : to receiveRecevoir : to receiveRecevoir : to receive

a. Je reçois i receive

b. Tu reçios you receive

c. Il reçoit he receives

d. Elle reçoit she receives

e. Nous recevons we receive

f. Vous recevez you receive

g. Ils reçoivent they receive

h. Elles reçoivent they receive

3.6.4 Reflexive V3.6.4 Reflexive V3.6.4 Reflexive V3.6.4 Reflexive V3.6.4 Reflexive Verbserbserbserbserbs

These verbs are conjugated in a different way. Let us see how it is done.

43



French

Notes Se lever : to get upSe lever : to get upSe lever : to get upSe lever : to get upSe lever : to get up

a. Je me lève I get up

b. Tu te lèves you get up

c. Il se lève he gets up

d. Elle se lève she gets up

e. Nous nous levons we get up

f. Vous vous levez you get up

g. Ils se lèvent they get up

h. Elles se lèvent they get up

In pronominal verbs, we put me, te, se, nous and vous according to thesubject pronoun. And se always comes with infinitive verbs, such as se lever.

Se réveiller : to wake upSe réveiller : to wake upSe réveiller : to wake upSe réveiller : to wake upSe réveiller : to wake up

a. Je me réveille I wake up

b. Tu te reveilles you wake up

c. Il se réveille he wakes up

d. Elle se réveille she wakes up

e. Nous nous réveillons we wake up

f. Vous vous réveillez you wake up

g. Ils se réveillent they wake up

h. Elles se réveillent they wake up

S’habiller : to get dressedS’habiller : to get dressedS’habiller : to get dressedS’habiller : to get dressedS’habiller : to get dressed

a. Je m’habille i get dressed

b. Tu t’habilles you get dressed

c. Il s’habille he gets dressed

d. Elle s’habille she get dressed

e. Nous nous habillons we get dressed

f. Vous vous habillez you get dressed

g. Ils s’habillent they get dressed

h. Elles s’habillent they get dressed

S’appeler : to be calledS’appeler : to be calledS’appeler : to be calledS’appeler : to be calledS’appeler : to be called

a. Je m’appelle i am called

b. Tu t’appelles you are called

c. Il s’appelle he is called44


Notesd. Elle s’appelle she is called

e. Nous nous appelons we are called

f. Vous vous appelez you are called

g. Ils s’appellent they are called

h. Elles s’apellent they are called

To express a name in French, we use passive voice. But in English, itmeans ‘someone’s name’. For example, je m’appelle means ‘my name is’.

Se laver : to wash oneselfSe laver : to wash oneselfSe laver : to wash oneselfSe laver : to wash oneselfSe laver : to wash oneself

a. Je me lave I wash myself

b. Tu te laves you wash yourself

c. Il se lave he washes himself

d. Elle se lave she washes herself

e. Nous nous lavons we wash ourselves

f. Vous vous lavez you wash yourself

g. Ils se lavent they wash their self

h. Elles se lavent they wash their self

Se baigner : to batheSe baigner : to batheSe baigner : to batheSe baigner : to batheSe baigner : to bathe

a. Je me baigne I bathe

b. Tu te baignes you bathe

c. Il se baigne he bathe

d. Elle se baigne she bathe

e. Nous nous baignons we bathe

f. Vous vous baignez you bathe

g. Ils baignent they bathe

h. Elles baignent they bathe

Se coucher : to go to bedSe coucher : to go to bedSe coucher : to go to bedSe coucher : to go to bedSe coucher : to go to bed

a. Je me couche I go to bed

b. Tu te couches you go to bed

c. Il se couche he goes to bed

d. Elle se couche she goes to bed

e. Nous nous couchons we go to bed

f. Vous vous couchez you go to bed

g. Ils se couchent they go to bed45



French

Notes h. Elles se couchent they go to bed

Se brosser : to brushSe brosser : to brushSe brosser : to brushSe brosser : to brushSe brosser : to brush

a. Je me brosse I brush

b. Tu te brosses you brush

c. Il se brosse he brushes

d. Elle se brosse she brushes

e. Nous nous brossons we brush

f. Vous vous brossez you brush

g. Ils se brossent they brush

h. Elles se brossent they brush

3.6.5 Simple and Perfect Past T3.6.5 Simple and Perfect Past T3.6.5 Simple and Perfect Past T3.6.5 Simple and Perfect Past T3.6.5 Simple and Perfect Past Tense (Le passé compose)ense (Le passé compose)ense (Le passé compose)ense (Le passé compose)ense (Le passé compose)

To make passé compose, the verb avoir is generally used as a helpingverb.

Parler : to speak, to talkParler : to speak, to talkParler : to speak, to talkParler : to speak, to talkParler : to speak, to talk

a. J’ai parlé I spoke

b. Tu as parlé you spoke

c. Il a parlé he spoke

d. Elle a parlé she spoke

e. Nous avons parlé we spoke

f. Vous avez parlé you spoke

g. Ils ont parlé they spoke

h. Elles ont parlé they spoke

In the example above, we conjugate avoir by removing–r of the first groupof verbs and put the accent aïgu on e (é).


a. J’ai regardé I watched

b. Tu as regardé you watched

c. Il a regardé he watched

d. Elle a regardé she watched

e. Nous avons regardé we watched

f. Vous avez regardé you watched

g. Ils ont regardé they watched

46


Notesh. Elles ont regardé they watched

Aimer : to likeAimer : to likeAimer : to likeAimer : to likeAimer : to like

a. J’ai aimé I liked

b. Tu as aimé you liked

c. Il a aimé he liked

d. Elle a aimé she liked

e. Nous avons aimé we liked

f. Vous avez aimé you liked

g. Ils ont aimé they liked

h. Elles ont aimé they liked


a. J’ai habité I lived

b. Tu as habité you lived

c. Il a habité he lived

d. Elle a habité she lived

e. Nous avons habité we lived

f. Vous avez habité you lived

g. Ils ont habité they lived

h. Elles ont habité they lived

TTTTTravailler : to workravailler : to workravailler : to workravailler : to workravailler : to work

a. J’ai travaillé I worked

b. Tu as travaillé you worked

c. Il a travaillé he worked

d. Elle a travaillé she worked

e. Nous avons travaillé we worked

f. Vous avez travaillé you worked

g. Ils ont travaillé they worked

h. Elles ont travaillé they worked

Tirer : to pullTirer : to pullTirer : to pullTirer : to pullTirer : to pull

a. J’ai tiré I pulled

b. Tu as tiré you pulled

c. Il a tiré he pulled

d. Elle a tiré she pulled47



French

Notes e. Nous avons tiré we pulled

f. Vous avez tiré you pulled

g. Ils ont tiré they pulled

h. Elles ont tiré they pulled

Pousser : to pushPousser : to pushPousser : to pushPousser : to pushPousser : to push

J’ai poussé I pushed

a. Tu as porssé you pushed

b. Il a poussé he pushed

c. Elle a poussé she pushed

d. Nous avons poussé we pushed

e. Vous avez poussé you pushed

f. Ils ont poussé they pushed

g. Elles ont poussé they pushed

Briser : to breakBriser : to breakBriser : to breakBriser : to breakBriser : to break

a. J’ai brisé I broke

b. Tu as brisé you broke

c. Il a brisé he broke

d. Elle a brisé she broke

e. Nous avons brisé we broke

f. Vous avez brisé you broke

g. Ils ont brisé they broke

h. Elles ont brisé they broke


a. J’ai chanté I sang

b. Tu as chanté you sang

c. Il a chanté he sang

d. Elle a chanté she sang

e. Nous avons chanté we sang

f. Vous avez chanté you sang

g. Ils ont chanté they sang

h. Elles ont chanté they sang

48


NotesDanser : to danseDanser : to danseDanser : to danseDanser : to danseDanser : to danse

a. J’ai dansé I danced

b. Tu as dansé you danced

c. Il a dansé he danced

d. Elle a dansé she danced

e. Nous avons dansé we danced

f. Vous avez dansé you danced

g. Ils ont dansé they danced

h. Elles ont dansé they danced

Marcher : to walkMarcher : to walkMarcher : to walkMarcher : to walkMarcher : to walk

a. J’ai marché I walked

b. Tu as marché you walked

c. Il a marché he walked

d. Elle a marché she walked

e. Nous avons marché we walked

f. Vous avez marché you walked

g. Ils ont marché they walked

h. Elles ont marché they walked

3.6.6 Negatif (Negative)3.6.6 Negatif (Negative)3.6.6 Negatif (Negative)3.6.6 Negatif (Negative)3.6.6 Negatif (Negative)

To make passé composé in the negative, we put avoir verb in negativesense.


a. Je n’ai pas pensé I didn’t think

b. Tu n’as pas pensé you didn’t think

c. Il n’a pas pensé he didn’t think

d. Elle n’a pas pensé she didn’t think

e. Nous n’avons pas pensé we didn’t think

f. Vous n’avez pas pensé you didn’t think

g. Ils n’ont pas pensé they didn’t think

h. Elles n’ont pas pensé they didn’t think


a. Je n’ai pas joué I didn’t play

b. Tu n’as pas joué you didn’t play49



French

Notes c. Il n’a pas joué he didn’t play

d. Elle n’a pas joué she didn’t play

e. Nous n’avons pas joué we didn’t play

f. Vous n’avez pas joué you didn’t play

g. Ils n’ont pas joué he didn’t play

h. Elles n’ont pas joué she didn’t play

Certain verbs in French take être as a helping verb to make passé compose.

Aller : to goAller : to goAller : to goAller : to goAller : to go

a. Je suis allé I went

b. Tu es allé you went

c. Il est allé he went

d. Elle est allée she went

e. Nous sommes allés we went

f. Vous êtes allé you went

g. Ils sont allés they went

h. Elles allées they went

Verbs which take être are conjugated according to the gender, that is, jesuis allé (masculine singular) and je suis allée (feminine singular)

VVVVVenirenirenirenirenire : to comee : to comee : to comee : to comee : to come

a. Je suis venu I came

b. Tu es venu you came

c. Il es venu he came

d. Elle est venue she came

e. Nous sommes venus we came

f. Vous êtes venu you came

g. Ils sont venus they came

h. Elles venues they came

Sortir : to go outSortir : to go outSortir : to go outSortir : to go outSortir : to go out

a. Je suis sorti I went out

b. Tu es sorti you went out

c. Il est sorti he went out

d. Elle est sortie she went out

50


Notese. Nous sommes sortis we went out

f. Vous êtes sorti you went out

g. Ils sont sortis they went out

h. Elles sont sorties they went out

Partir : to leavePartir : to leavePartir : to leavePartir : to leavePartir : to leave

a. Je suis parti I left

b. Tu es parti you left

c. Il est parti he left

d. Elle est partie she left

e. Nous sommes partis we left

f. Vous êtes parti you left

g. Ils sont partis they left

h. Elles sont parties they left

Monter : to go upMonter : to go upMonter : to go upMonter : to go upMonter : to go up

a. Je suis monté I went up

b. Tu es monté you went up

c. Il est monté he went up

d. Elle est montée she went up

e. Nous sommes montés we went up

f. Vous êtes monté you went up

g. Ils sont montés they went up

h. Elles sont montées they went up

Descendre : to go down, to come downDescendre : to go down, to come downDescendre : to go down, to come downDescendre : to go down, to come downDescendre : to go down, to come down

a. Je suis descendu I came down

b. Tu es descendu you came down

c. Il est descendu he came down

d. Elle est descendue she came down

e. Nous sommes descendus we came down

f. Vous êtes descendu you came down

g. Ils sont descendus they came down

h. Elles sont descendues they came down

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French

Notes Rester : to stayRester : to stayRester : to stayRester : to stayRester : to stay

a. Je suis resté I stayed

b. Tu es resté you stayed

c. Il est resté he stayed

d. Elle est restée she stayed

e. Nous sommes restés we stayed

f. Vous êtes resté you stayed

g. Ils sont restés they stayed

h. Elles restées they stayed

TTTTTomber : to fallomber : to fallomber : to fallomber : to fallomber : to fall

a. Je ne suis pas tombé I didn’t fall

b. Tu n’es pas tombé you didn’t fall

c. Il n’est pas tombé he didn’t fall

d. Elle n’est pas tombée she didn’t fall

e. Nous ne sommes pas tombés we didn’t fall

f. Vous n’êtes pas tombé you didn’t fall

g. Ils ne sont pas tombés they didn’t fall

h. Elles ne sont pas tombées they didn’t fall

Entrer : to enterEntrer : to enterEntrer : to enterEntrer : to enterEntrer : to enter

a. Je ne suis pas entré I didn’t enter

b. Tu n’es pas entré you didn’t enter

c. Il n’est pas entré he didn’t enter

d. Elle n’est pas entrée she didn’t enter

e. Nous ne sommes pas entrés we didn’t enter

f. Vous n’êtes pas entré you didn’t enter

g. Ils ne sont pas entrés they didn’t enter

h. Elles ne sont pas entrées they did enter


a. J’ai fini I finished

b. Tu as fini you finished

c. Il a fini he finished

d. Elle a fini she finished

e. Nous avons fini we finished

52


Notesf. Vous avez fini you finished

g. Ils ont fini they finished

h. Elles ont fini they finished

In the second group, we remove –r to make passé compose. There are

certain exceptions.


a. J’ai choisi I chose

b. Tu as choisi you chose

c. Il a choisi he chose

d. Elle a choisi she chose

e. Nous avons choisi we chose

f. Vous avez choisi you chose

g. Ils ont choisi they chose

h. Elles ont choisi they chose


a. J’ai pris I took

b. Tu as pris you took

c. Il a pris he took

d. Elle a pris she took

e. Nous avons pris we took

f. Vous avez pris you took

g. Ils ont pris they took

h. Elles ont pris they took


a. J’ai appris I learnt

b. Tu as appris you learnt

c. Il a appris he learnt

d. Elle a appris she learnt

e. Nous avons appris we learnt

f. Vous avez appris you learnt

g. Ils ont appris they learnt

h. Elles ont appris they learnt

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French

Notes Comprendre : to understandComprendre : to understandComprendre : to understandComprendre : to understandComprendre : to understand

a. J’ai compris I understood

b. Tu as compris you understood

c. Il a compris he understood

d. Elle a compris she understood

e. Nous avons compris we understood

f. Vous avez compris you understood

g. ils ont compris they understood

h. Elles ont compris they understood

Etre : to beEtre : to beEtre : to beEtre : to beEtre : to be

a. J’ai été I was

b. Tu as été you were

c. Il a été he was

d. Elle a été she was

e. Nous avons été we were

f. Vous avez été you were

g. Ils ont été they were

h. Elles ont été they were


a. J’ai eu I had

b. Tu as eu you had

c. Il a eu he had

d. Elle a eu she had

e. Nous avons eu we had

f. Vous avez eu you had

g. Ils ont eu they had

h. Elles ont eu they had

VVVVVoir : to seeoir : to seeoir : to seeoir : to seeoir : to see

a. J’ai vu I saw

b. Tu as vu you saw

c. Il a vu he saw

d. Elle a vu she saw

e. Nous avons vu we saw

f. Vous avez vu you saw

54


Notesg. Ils ont vu they saw

h. Elles ont vu they saw

Mettre : to putMettre : to putMettre : to putMettre : to putMettre : to put

a. J’ai mis I put

b. Tu as mis you put

c. Il a mis he out

d. Elle a mis she put

e. Nous avons mis we put

f. Vous avez mis you put

g. Ils ont mis they put

h. Elles ont mis they put


a. J’ai lu I read

b. Tu as lu you read

c. Il a lu he read

d. Elle a lu she read

e. Nous avons lu we read

f. Vous avez lu you read

g. Ils ont luthey read they read

h. Elles ont lu they read

VVVVVouloir : to wantouloir : to wantouloir : to wantouloir : to wantouloir : to want

a. J’ai voulu I wanted

b. Tu as voulu you wanted

c. Il a voulu he wanted

d. Elle a voulu she wanted

e. Nous avons voulu we wanted

f. Vous avez voulu you wanted

g. Ils ont voulu they wanted

h. Elles ont voulu they wanted

Pouvoir : mayPouvoir : mayPouvoir : mayPouvoir : mayPouvoir : may, can, can, can, can, can

a. J’ai pu I could

b. Tu as pu you could

c. Il a pu he could

d. Elle a pu she could

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French

Notes e. Nous avons pu we could

f. Vous avez pu you could

g. Ils ont pu they could

h. Elles ont pu they could

Se laver : to wash oneselfSe laver : to wash oneselfSe laver : to wash oneselfSe laver : to wash oneselfSe laver : to wash oneself

a. Je me suis lave I washed myself

b. Tu t’es lave you washed yourself

c. Il s’est lave he washed himself

d. Elle s’est lavée she washed herself

e. Nous nous sommes lavés we washed ourselves

f. Vous vous êtes lavé you washed yourself

g. Ils se sont lavés they washed themselves

h. Elles se sont lavées they washed themselves

To make pronominal verbs in passé compose, we use être and the subjectagrees with the verb, such as je me suis lave (masculine) and je me suis lavée(feminine).

S’habiller : to get dressedS’habiller : to get dressedS’habiller : to get dressedS’habiller : to get dressedS’habiller : to get dressed

a. Je me suis habillé I got dressed

b. Tu t’es habillé you got dressed

c. Il s’est habillé he got dressed

d. Elle s’est habillée she got dressed

e. Nous nous sommes habillés we got dressed

f. Vous vous êtes habillé you got dressed

g. Ils se sont habillés they got dressed

h. Elles se sont habillées they got dressed

3.6.7 L3.6.7 L3.6.7 L3.6.7 L3.6.7 L’impératif : The Imperative’impératif : The Imperative’impératif : The Imperative’impératif : The Imperative’impératif : The Imperative

Imperative is used for order or request. Here, tu, nous and vous subjectpronouns are used.

Parler : to talkParler : to talkParler : to talkParler : to talkParler : to talk

Parle! Talk! (Informal)

Parlons! Let’s talk!

Parlez! Talk! (Formal [singular/plural])

56


NotesHere the subjects are removed. We also remove–s while making theimperative of tu in the first group of verbs.


Regarde! Watch!

Regardons! Let’s watch!

Regardez! Watch!


Pense! Think!

Pensez! Let’s think!

Pensons! Think!


Joue! Play!

Jouons! Let’s play!

Jouez! Play!


Finis! Finis!

Finissons! Let’s finish!

Finissez! Finish!

Réussir : to succeedRéussir : to succeedRéussir : to succeedRéussir : to succeedRéussir : to succeed

Réussis! Let’s succeed!

Réussissons! Succeed!

Succeed! Réussissez!


Choisis! Choose!

Choisissons! Let’s choose!

Choisissez! Choose!


Apprends! Learn!

Apprenons! Lets learn!

Apprenez! Learn!

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French

Notes 3.6.8 Le Futur Simple (Future Simple)3.6.8 Le Futur Simple (Future Simple)3.6.8 Le Futur Simple (Future Simple)3.6.8 Le Futur Simple (Future Simple)3.6.8 Le Futur Simple (Future Simple)

Parler : to talkParler : to talkParler : to talkParler : to talkParler : to talk

a. Je parlerai I will talk

b. Tu parleras you will talk

c. Il parlera he will talk

d. Elle parlera she will talk

e. Nous parlerons we will talk

f. Vous parlerez you will talk

g. Ils parleront they will talk

h. Elles parleront they will talk

To make future simple, we put infinitve of the verb and endings areaccording to the subject pronoun. There are exceptions.


a. Je regarderai I will watch

b. Tu regarderas you will watch

c. Il regardera he will watch

d. Elle regardera she will watch

e. Nous regarderons we will watch

f. Vous regarderez you will watch

g. Ils regarderont they will watch

h. Elles regarderont they will watch


a. J’habiterai I will live

b. Tu habiteras you will live

c. Il habitera he will live

d. Elle habitera she will live

e. Nous habiterons we will live

f. Vous habiterez you will live

g. Ils habiteront they will live

h. They habiteront they will live

58


NotesTTTTTravailler : to workravailler : to workravailler : to workravailler : to workravailler : to work

Je travaillerai I will work

Tu travailleras you will work

Il travaillera he will work

Elle travaillera she will work

Nous travaillerons we will work

Vous travaillerez you will work

Ils travailleront they work

Elles travailleront they will work

Porter : to carryPorter : to carryPorter : to carryPorter : to carryPorter : to carry

Je porterai I will carry

Tu porteras you will carry

Il portera he will carry

Elle portera she will carry

Nous porterons we will carry

Vous porterez you will work

Ils porteront they will work

elles porteront they will work


a. Je donnerai I will give

b. Tu donneras you will give

c. Il donnera he will give

d. Elle donnera she will give

e. Nous donnerons we will give

f. Vous donnerez you will give

g. Ils donneront they will give

h. Elles donneront they will give

Demander : to askDemander : to askDemander : to askDemander : to askDemander : to ask

a. Je demanderai I will ask

b. Tu demanderas you will ask

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French

Notes c. Il demandera he will ask

d. Elle demandera she will ask

e. Nous demanderons we will ask

f. Vous demanderez you will ask

g. Ils demanderont they will ask

h. Elles demanderont they will ask


a. Je cacherai I will hide

b. Tu cacheras you will hide

c. Il cachera he will hide

d. Elle cachera she will hide

e. Nous cacherons we will hide

f. Vous cacherez you will hide

g. Ils cacheront they will hide

h. Elles cacheront they will hide

Montrer : to showMontrer : to showMontrer : to showMontrer : to showMontrer : to show

Je montrerai I will show

Tu montreras you will show

Il montrera he will show

Elle montera she will show

Nous montrerons we will show

Vous montrerez you will show

Ils montreront they will show

Elles montreront they will show

Laisser : to letLaisser : to letLaisser : to letLaisser : to letLaisser : to let

a. Je laisserai I will

b. Tu laisseras you will let

c. Il laissera he will let

d. Elle laissera she will let

e. Nous laisserons we will let

60


Notesf. Vous laisserez you will let

g. Ils laisseront they will let

h. Elles laisseront they will let

Fermer : to closeFermer : to closeFermer : to closeFermer : to closeFermer : to close

a. Je fermerai I will close

b. Tu fermeras you will close

c. Il fermera he will close

d. Elle fermera she will close

e. Nous fermerons we will close

f. Vous fermerez you will close

g. Ils fermeront they will close

h. Elles fermeront they will close


a. Je resterai I will stay

b. Tu resteras you will stay

c. Il restera he will stay

d. Elle restera she will stay

e. Nous resterons we will stay

f. Vous resterez you will stay

g. Ils resteront they will stay

h. Elles resteront they will stay


a. Je chanterai I will sing

b. Tu chanteras you will sing

c. Il chantera he will sing

d. Elle chantera she will sing

e. Nous chamterons we will sing

f. Vous chanterez you will sing

g. Ils chanteront they will sing

h. Elles chanteront they will sing

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French

Notes Danser : to danceDanser : to danceDanser : to danceDanser : to danceDanser : to dance

a. Je danserai I will dance

b. Tu danseras you will dance

c. Il dansera he will dance

d. Elle dansera she will dance

e. Nous danserons we will dance

f. Vous danserez you will dance

g. Ils danseront they will dance

h. Elles danseront they will dance

Aller : to goAller : to goAller : to goAller : to goAller : to go

a. J’irai I will go

b. Tu iras you will go

c. Il ira he will go

d. Elle ira she will go

e. Nous irons we will go

f. Vous irez you will go

g. Ils iront they will go

h. Elles iront they will go

(Note that the conjugation of aller is different.)


a. Je finirai I will finish

b. Tu finiras you will finish

c. Il finira he will finish

d. Elle finira she will finish

e. Nous finirons we will finish

f. Vous finirez you will finish

g. Ils finiront they will finish

h. Elles finiront they will finish


a. Je choisirai I will choose

62


Notesb. Tu choisiras you will choose

c. Il choisira he will choose

d. Elle choisira she will choose

e. Nous choisirons we will choose

f. Vous choisirez you will choose

g. Ils choisiront they will choose

h. Elles choisiront they will choose


a. Je partirai I will leave

b. Tu partiras you will leave

c. Il partira he will leave

d. Elle partira she will leave

e. Nous partirons we will leave

f. Vous partirez you will leave

g. Ils partiront they will leave

h. Elles partiront they will leave


a. Je sortirai I will go out

b. Tu sortiras you will go out

c. Il sortira he will go out

d. Elle sortira she will go out

e. Nous sortirons we will go out

f. Vous sortirez you will go out

g. Ils sortiront they will go out

h. Elles sortiront they will go out

Mentirto : tell a lieMentirto : tell a lieMentirto : tell a lieMentirto : tell a lieMentirto : tell a lie

a. Je mentirai I will tell a lie

b. Tu mentiras you will tell a lie

c. Il mentira he will tell a lie

d. Elle mentira she will tell a lie

e. Nous mentirons we will tell a lie

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French

Notes f. Vous mentirez you will tell a lie

g. Ils mentiront they will tell a lie

h. Elles mentiront they will tell a lie


a. Je viendrai I will come

b. Tu viendras you will come

c. Il viendra he will come

d. Elle viendra she will come

e. Nous viendrons we will come

f. Vous viendrez you will come

g. Ils viendront they will come

h. Elles viendront they will come

(Note that venir is an exception case.)


a. Je prendrai I will take

b. Tu prendras you will take

c. Il prendra he will take

d. Elle prendra she will take

e. Nous prendrons we will take

f. Vous prendrez you will take

g. Ils prendront they will take

h. Elles prendront they will take

If the verb ends with e, we remove –e and make the ending according tothe subject pronouns.

Comprendre : to understandComprendre : to understandComprendre : to understandComprendre : to understandComprendre : to understand

a. Je comprendrai I will understand

b. Tu comprendras you will understand

c. Il comprendra he will understand

d. Elle comprendra she will understand

e. Nous comprendrons we will understand

f. Vous comprenderez you will understand

64


Notesg. Ils comprendront they will understand

h. Elles comprendront they will understand

VVVVVendrendrendrendrendre : to selle : to selle : to selle : to selle : to sell

a. Je vendrai I will sell

b. Tu vendras you will sell

c. Il vendra he will sell

d. Elle vendra she will sell

e. Nous vendrons we will sell

f. Vous vendrez you will sell

g. Ils vendront they will sell

h. Elles vendront they will sell

Faire : to doFaire : to doFaire : to doFaire : to doFaire : to do

a. Je ferai I will do

b. Tu feras you will do

c. Il fera he will do

d. Elle fera she will do

e. Nous ferons we will do

f. Vous ferez you will do

g. Ils feront they will do

h. Elles feront they will do

Dire : to tellDire : to tellDire : to tellDire : to tellDire : to tell

a. je dirai I will tell

b. tu diras you will tell

c. il dira he will tell

d. elle dira she will tell

e. nous dirons we will tell

f. vous direz you will tell

g. ils diront they will tell

h. elles diront they will tell

Être : to beÊtre : to beÊtre : to beÊtre : to beÊtre : to be

a. Je serai I will be

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French

Notes b. Tu sreas you will be

c. Il sera he will be

d. Elle sera she will be

e. Nous serons we will be

f. Vous serez you will be

g. Ils seront they will be

h. Elles seront they will be


a. J’aurai I will have

b. Tu auras you will have

c. Il aura he will have

d. Elle aura she will have

e. Nous aurons we will have

f. Vous aurez you will have

g. Ils auront they will have

h. Elles auront they will have


a. Je lirai I will read

b. Tu liras you will read

c. Il lira he will read

d. Elle lira she will read

e. Nous lirons we will read

f. Vous lirez you will read

g. Ils liront they will read

h. Elles liront they will read

3.6.9 L3.6.9 L3.6.9 L3.6.9 L3.6.9 L’imparfait : Imperfect T’imparfait : Imperfect T’imparfait : Imperfect T’imparfait : Imperfect T’imparfait : Imperfect Tenseenseenseenseense

a. Je parlais I was speaking

b. Tu parlais you were speaking

c. Il parlait he was speaking

d. Elle parlait she was speaking

e. Nous parlions we were speaking

66


Notesf. Vous parliez you were speaking

g. Ils parlaient they were speaking

h. Elles parlaient they were speaking

To make imperfect tense, we take the conjugation of nous of present del’indicatif like nous parlons. Then–ons is removed and the endings are putaccording to the subject pronouns. However, there are some exceptions.


a. Je regardais I was watching

b. Tu regardais you were watching

c. Il regardait he was watching

d. Elle regardait she was watching

e. Nous regardions we were watching

f. Vous regardiez you were watching

g. Ils regardaient they were watching

h. Elles regardaient they were watching


a. Je pensais I was thinking

b. Tu pensais you were thinking

c. Il pensait he was thinking

d. Elle pensait she was thinking

e. Nous pensions we were thinking

f. Vous pensiez you were thinking

g. Ils pensaient they were thinking

h. Elles pensaient they were thinking

Fumer : to smokeFumer : to smokeFumer : to smokeFumer : to smokeFumer : to smoke

a. Je fumais I was smoking

b. Tu fumais you were smoking

c. Il fumait he was smoking

d. Elle fumait she was smoking

e. Nous fumions we were smoking

f. Vous fumiez you were smoking

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French

Notes g. Ils fumaient they were smoking

h. Elles fumaient they were smoking


a. Je jouais I was playing

b. Tu jouais you were playing

c. Il jouait he was playing

d. Elle jouait she was playing

e. Nous jouions we were playing

f. Vous jouiez you were playing

g. Ils jouaient they were playing

h. Elles jouaient they were playing

Fermer : to closeFermer : to closeFermer : to closeFermer : to closeFermer : to close

a. Je fermais I was closing

b. Tu fermais you were closing

c. Il fermait he was closing

d. Elle fermait she was closing

e. Nous fermions we were closing

f. Vous fermiez you were closing

g. Ils fermaient they were closing

h. Elles fermaient they were closing


a. Je chantais I was singing

b. Tu chantais you were singing

c. Il chantait he was singing

d. Elle chantait she was singing

e. Nous chantions we were singing

f. Vous chantiez you were singing

g. Ils chantaient they were singing

h. Elles chantaient they were singing

Danser : to danceDanser : to danceDanser : to danceDanser : to danceDanser : to dance

a. Je dansais I was dancing

68


Notesb. Tu dansias you were dancing

c. Il dansait he was dancing

d. Elle dansiat she was dancing

e. Nous dansions we were dancing

f. Vous dansiez you were dancing

g. Ils dansaient they were dancing

h. Elles dansaient they were dancing

Inviter : to inviteInviter : to inviteInviter : to inviteInviter : to inviteInviter : to invite

a. J’invitais I was inviting

b. Tu invitais you were inviting

c. Il invitait he was inviting

d. Elle invitait she was inviting

e. Nous invitions we were inviting

f. Vous invitiez you were inviting

g. Ils invitaient they were inviting

h. Elles invitaient they were inviting

Couper : to cutCouper : to cutCouper : to cutCouper : to cutCouper : to cut

a. Je coupais I was cutting

b. Tu coupais you were cutting

c. Il coupait he was cutting

d. Elle coupait she was cutting

e. Nous coupions we were cutting

f. Vous coupiez you were cutting

g. Ils coupaient they were cutting

h. Elles coupaient they were cutting

Ramasser : to gatherRamasser : to gatherRamasser : to gatherRamasser : to gatherRamasser : to gather

a. Je ramassais I was gathering

b. Tu ramassais you were gathering

c. Il ramassait he was gathering

d. Elle ramassait she was gathering

e. Nous ramassions we were gathering

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French

Notes f. Vous ramassiez you were gathering

g. Ils ramassaient they were gathering

h. Elles ramassaient they were gathering

Pleurer : to weepPleurer : to weepPleurer : to weepPleurer : to weepPleurer : to weep

a. Je pleurais I was weeping

b. Tu pleurais you were weeping

c. Il pleurait he was weeping

d. Elle pleurait she was weeping

e. Nois pleurions we were weeping

f. Vous pleuriez you were weeping

g. Ils pleuraient they were weeping

h. Elles pleuraient they were weeping


a. Je donnais I was giving

b. Tu donnais you were giving

c. Il donnait he was giving

d. Elle donnait she was giving

e. Nous donnions we were giving

f. Vous donniez you were giving

g. Ils donnaient they were giving

h. Elles donnaient they were giving

VVVVVoler : to flyoler : to flyoler : to flyoler : to flyoler : to fly

a. Je volais I was flying

b. Tu volais you were flying

c. Il volait he was flying

d. Elle volait she was flying

e. Nous volions we were flying

f. Vous voliez you were flying

g. Ils volaient they were flying

h. Elles volaient they were flying

70


NotesDemander : to askDemander : to askDemander : to askDemander : to askDemander : to ask

a. Je demandais I was asking

b. Tu demandais you were asking

c. Il demandait he was asking

d. Elle demandait she was asking

e. Nous demandions we were asking

f. Vous demandiez you were asking

g. Ils demandaient they were asking

h. Elles demandaient they were asking


a. Je cachais I was hiding

b. Tu cachais you were hiding

c. Il cachait he was hiding

d. Elle cachait she was hiding

e. Nous cachions we were hiding

f. Vous cachiez you were hiding

g. Ils cachaient they were hiding

h. Elles cachaient they were hiding


a. Je restais I was staying

b. Tu restais you were staying

c. Il restait he was staying

d. Elle restait she was staying

e. Nous restions we were staying

f. Vous restiez you were staying

g. Ils restaient they were staying

h. Elles restaient they were staying

Tirer : to pullTirer : to pullTirer : to pullTirer : to pullTirer : to pull

a. Je tirais I was pulling

b. Tu tirais you were pulling

c. Il tirait he was pulling

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French

Notes d. Elle tirait she was pulling

e. Nous tirions we were pulling

f. Vous tiriez you were pulling

g. Ils tiraient they were pulling

h. Elles tiraient they were pulling


a. Je finissais I was finishing

b. Tu finissais you were finishing

c. Il finissait he was finishing

d. Elle finissait she was finishing

e. Nous finissions we were finishing

f. Vous finissiez you were finishing

g. Ils finissaient they were finishing

h. Elles finissaient they were finishing


a. Je choisissais I was choosing

b. Tu choisissais you were choosing

c. Il choisissait he was choosing

d. Elle choisisit she was choosing

e. Nous choisissions we were choosing

f. Vous choisissiez you were choosing

g. Ils choisissaient they were choosing

h. Elles choisissaient they were choosing


a. Je venais I was coming

b. Tu venais you were coming

c. Il venait he was coming

d. Elle venait she was coming

e. Nous venions we were coming

f. Vous veniez you were coming

g. Ils venaient they were coming

72


Notesh. Elles venaient they were coming

TTTTTenir : to holdenir : to holdenir : to holdenir : to holdenir : to hold

a. Je tenais I was holding

b. Tu tenais you were holding

c. Il tenait he was holding

d. Elle tenait she was holding

e. Nous tenions we were holding

f. Vous teniez you were holding

g. Ils tenaient they were holding

h. Elles tenaient they were holding


a. Je partais I was leaving

b. Tu partais you were leaving

c. Il partait he was leaving

d. Elle partait she was leaving

e. Nous partions we were leaving

f. Vous partiez you were leaving

g. Ils partaient they were leaving

h. Elles partaient they were leaving


a. Je sortais I was going out

b. Tu sortais you were going out

c. Il sortait he was going out

d. Elle sortait she was going out

e. Nous sortions we were going out

f. Vous sortiez you were going out

g. Ils sortaient they were going out

h. Elles sortaient they were going out


a. Je prenais I was taking

b. Tu prenais you were taking

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French

Notes c. Il prenait he was taking

d. Elle prenait she was taking

e. Nous prenions we were taking

f. Vous preniez you were taking

g. Ils prenaient they were taking

h. Elles prenaient they were taking


a. Je lisais I was reading

b. Tu lisais you were reading

c. Il lisait he was reading

d. Ele lisait she was reading

e. Nous lisions we were reading

f. Vous lisiez you were reading

g. Ils lisaient they were reading

h. Elles lisaient they were reading

Écrire : to writeÉcrire : to writeÉcrire : to writeÉcrire : to writeÉcrire : to write

a. J’écrivais I was writing

b. Tu écrivais you were writing

c. Il écrivait he was writing

d. Elle écrivait she was writing

e. Nous écrivions we were writing

f. Vous écriviez you were writing

g. Ils écrivaient they were writing

h. Elles écrivaient they were writing

3.6.10 Le Negatif (Negation)3.6.10 Le Negatif (Negation)3.6.10 Le Negatif (Negation)3.6.10 Le Negatif (Negation)3.6.10 Le Negatif (Negation)

To make a sentence negative we use –ne before a verb and pas after theverb. If vowels clash we remove–e of ‘ne’ and replace with apostrophe (’).

Parler : to speak, to talkParler : to speak, to talkParler : to speak, to talkParler : to speak, to talkParler : to speak, to talk

a. Je ne parle pas I don’t talk

b. Tu ne parles pas you don’t talk

c. Il ne parle pas he doesn’t talk

74


Notesd. Elle ne parle pas she doesn’t talk

e. Nous ne parlons pas we don’t talk

f. Vous ne parlez pas you don’t talk

g. Ils ne parlent pas they don’t talk

h. Elles ne parlent pas they don’t talk


a. Je ne regarde pas I don’t watch

b. Tu ne regardes pas you don’t watch

c. Il ne regarde pas he doesn’t watch

d. Elle ne regarde pas she doesn’t watch

e. Nous ne regardons pas we don’t watch

f. Vous ne regardez pas you don’t watch

g. Ils ne regardent pas they don’t watch

h. Elles ne regardent pas they don’t watch

Aimer : to likeAimer : to likeAimer : to likeAimer : to likeAimer : to like

a. Je n’aime pas I don’t like

b. Tu n’aimes pas you don’t like

c. Il n’aime pas he doesn’t like

d. Elle n’aime pas she doesn’t like

e. Nous n’aimons pas we don’t like

f. Vous n’aimez pas you don’t like

g. Ils n’aiment pas they dont like

h. Elles n’aiment pas they dont like


a. Je n’habite pas I don’t live

b. Tu n’habites pas you don’t live

c. Il n’habite pas he doesn’t live

d. Elle n’habite pas she doesn’t live

e. Nous n’habitons pas we doesn’t live

f. Vous n’habitez pas you don’t live

g. Ils n’habitent pas they don’t live

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French

Notes h. Elles n’habitent pas they don’t live


a. Je ne joue pas I dont play

b. Tu ne joues pas you dont play

c. Il ne joue pas he doesnt plays

d. Elle ne joue pas she doesnt plays

e. Nous ne jouons pas we dont plays

f. Vous ne jouez pas you dont play

g. Ils ne jouent pas they dont play

h. Elles ne jouent pas they dont play

3.6.13.6.13.6.13.6.13.6.11 V1 V1 V1 V1 Verbs of Motionerbs of Motionerbs of Motionerbs of Motionerbs of Motion

Aller to go

Venir to come

Entrer to enter

Rentrer to get back

Arriver to arrive

Sortirto go out

Partir to leave

Tomber to fall

Tourner to turn

Retourner to return

Monter to go up, to climb up

Descendre to go down

3.6.12 Recipr3.6.12 Recipr3.6.12 Recipr3.6.12 Recipr3.6.12 Reciprocal Vocal Vocal Vocal Vocal Verbserbserbserbserbs

Se batter to fight

S’insulter to insult

Se regarder to look at

S’aimer to love

Se rencontrer to meet

S’écrire to write to

76


Notes3.6.13 L3.6.13 L3.6.13 L3.6.13 L3.6.13 L’adverbe (Adverb)’adverbe (Adverb)’adverbe (Adverb)’adverbe (Adverb)’adverbe (Adverb)

In French, adverbs are made by using adjectives. We take feminine formof the adjective and add–ment. There are some exceptions also.

Rapidement rapidly

Lentement slowly

Heureusement happily

Il conduit rapidement he drives rapidly

Tu écris lentement you write slowly

Il habite heureusement he lives happily in this housedans cette maison

Other adverbsOther adverbsOther adverbsOther adverbsOther adverbs

Beaucoup a lot

Bienwell

Ensemble together

Toujours always

Vitefast

Il mange beaucoup he eats a lot

Tu trvaille bien you work well

Ils vont ensemble they are going together

Il vient toujours à 9 heure he always comes at 9’o clock

Vous marchez très vite you walk very fast

3.6.14 Conjuction3.6.14 Conjuction3.6.14 Conjuction3.6.14 Conjuction3.6.14 Conjuction

Parce que because

Etand

Maisbut

Si if

Pourquoi why

1. Je vais acheter un cadeau parce que c’est l’anniversaire de Manuel.

I am going to buy a gift because it’s Manuel’s birthday.

2. Son frère a un stylo et sa sœur a un cahier.

His brother has a pen and his sister has a notebook.

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French

Notes 3. Je veux manger mais, je suis au régime.

I want to eat but i am on dieting.

4. Si tu viens j’irai au marriage de Sylvie.

If you come, I will go to Sylvie’s marriage.

5. Pourquoi tu vient ici tous les jours?

Why do you come here every day?

3.6.15 Interjection3.6.15 Interjection3.6.15 Interjection3.6.15 Interjection3.6.15 Interjection

Bravo! Bravo!

Tenez! Hold!

Vraiment! Really!

Quoi! What!

Eh bien! Well!

Hélas! Alas!

Ciel! Heavens!

3.7 L’ADJECTIF : ADJECTIVE

In the French language, adjectives are also divided into two groupsaccording to the gender–masculine and feminine. To make the plural form ofan adjective, we add–s to the word. However, there are some exceptions.

a. Grand/grande tall, big

b. Petit/petite small

c. Gros/grosse fat

d. Bon/bonne good

e. Mauvais/mauvaise bad

f. Beau/belle handsome/beautiful

g. Laid/laide ugly

h. Intelligent/intelligente intelligent

i. Sympathique pleasant

j. Antipathique unpleasant

k. Souriant/souriante cheerful

l. Content/contente happy

m. Mécontent/mécontente unhappy78


Notesn. Gentil/gentile gentle

o. Méchant/méchante naughty

p. Chèr/chère dear/expensive

q. Gratuit/gratuite free (something)

r. Occupé/occupée busy

s. Libre free (someone)

t. Neurveux/neurveuse nervous

u. Long/longue long

v. Court/courte short

w. Large large

x. Ancient/ancienne ancient/old

y. Nouveau/nouvelle new

In French, the adjectives usually come after the noun. If an adjective endswith –e in masculine form, it will remain the same in the feminine form.

Here are some adjectives that come before the nouns :

a. Petit/petite

b. Grand/grande

c. Jeune/jeune

d. Mauvais/mauvaise

e. Beau/belle

f. Bon/bonne

g. Nouveau/nouvelle

Here are some sentences of adjectives with être :

a. Je suis grand I am tall

b. Je suis grande I am tall

c. Tu es grand you are tall

d. Tu es grande you are tall

e. Il est grand he is tall

f. Elle est grande she is tall

g. Nous sommes grands we are tall

h. Nous sommes grandes we are tall

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French

Notes i. Vous êtes grand you are tall

j. Vous êtes grande you are tall

k. Vous êtes grands you are tall

l. Vous êtes grandes you are tall

m. Ils sont grands they are tall

n. Elles sont grandes they are tall

3.7.1 Comparatif et Superlatif : Comparitive and Superlative3.7.1 Comparatif et Superlatif : Comparitive and Superlative3.7.1 Comparatif et Superlatif : Comparitive and Superlative3.7.1 Comparatif et Superlatif : Comparitive and Superlative3.7.1 Comparatif et Superlatif : Comparitive and Superlative

Comparatif and superlatif are used with adjectives. Plus, le plus and laplus are added before the adjective to qualify it. There are certain exceptions.

Masculine adjectif

Beau

Handsome

Grand

Tall, big

Haut

High

Bas

Low

Court

Short

Célèbre

Famous

Fort

Strong

Clair

Bright

Intelligent

Intelligent

Bon

Good

Comparatif

plus beau

more handsome

plus grand

taller, bigger

plus haut

higher

plus bas

lower

plus court

shorter

plus célèbre

more famous

plus fort

stronger

plus clair

brighter

plus intelligent

more intelligent

meilleur

better

Superlatif

le plus beau

most handsome

le plus grand

tallest

le plus haut

highest

le plus bas

lowest

le plus court

shortest

le plus célèbre

most famous

le plus fort

strongest

le plus clair

brightest

le plus intelligent

most intelligent

le meilleur

best

80


NotesFeminin adjectif

Belle

Beautiful

Grande

Tall, big

Haute

High

Basse

Low

Courte

Short

Célèbre

Famous

Forte

Strong

Claire

Bright

Intelligente

Intelligent

Bonne

Good

Comparatif

plus belle

more beautiful

plus grande

taller

plus haute

higher

plus haute

lower

plus courte

shorter

plus célèbre

more famous

plus forte

stronger

plus claire

brighter

plus intelligente

more intelligent

meilleur

better

Superlatif

la plus belle

most beautiful

la plus grande

tallest

la plus haute

highest

la plus haute

lowest

la plus courte

shortest

la plus célèbre

most famous

la plus forte

strongest

la plus claire

brightest

la plus intelligente

most intelligent

la meilleure

best

3.8.2 Les coulours : Colours3.8.2 Les coulours : Colours3.8.2 Les coulours : Colours3.8.2 Les coulours : Colours3.8.2 Les coulours : Colours

Colours, as you know, are also adjectives so they come after the noun. Ifthe name of any colour ends with–e in the masculine form, it will be same infeminine form. If any name ends with–s in the masculine singular form, itwill be the same in the plural form. Here are some examples of colour :

a. Blanc/blanche white

b. Noir/noire black

c. Brun/brune brown

d. Vert/verte green

e. Gris/grise grey

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French

Notes f. Jaune yellow

g. Rose pink

h. Rouge red

i. Orange orange

j. Marron marron

3.8.3 L3.8.3 L3.8.3 L3.8.3 L3.8.3 L’adjectif Demonstratif : Demonstrative ’adjectif Demonstratif : Demonstrative ’adjectif Demonstratif : Demonstrative ’adjectif Demonstratif : Demonstrative ’adjectif Demonstratif : Demonstrative AdjectiveAdjectiveAdjectiveAdjectiveAdjective

Demonstrative adjectives are ce, cet, cette and ces.

a. Ce garçon this boy, that boy

b. Cet hôtel this hotel, that hotel

c. Cette école this school, that school

d. Ces écoles these schools, those schools

Ce is used for a masculine singular noun, cet is used if a noun is masculineand starts with a vowel, cette is used for a feminine singular noun and ces isused for all plural nouns.

Here are some sentences using demonstrative adjectives with être :

a. Ce garçon est bon this/that boy is good

b. Cet hôtel est très cher this/that hotel is very expensive

c. Cette école est bonne this/that school is good

d. Ces garçons sont intelligents these/those boys are intelligent

e. Ce livre est dificile this book is difficult

f. Ce travail est facile this/that work is easy

g. Ces filles sont méchantes these/those girls are naughty

h. Cette maison est blanche this/that house is white

i. Ce stylo est noir this/that pen is black

j. Cette femme est très belle this/that girl is very beautiful

3.8.4 L3.8.4 L3.8.4 L3.8.4 L3.8.4 L’adjectif Possessif : Possessive ’adjectif Possessif : Possessive ’adjectif Possessif : Possessive ’adjectif Possessif : Possessive ’adjectif Possessif : Possessive AdjectiveAdjectiveAdjectiveAdjectiveAdjective

In English, possessive adjectives are ‘my’, ‘your’, ‘his’, ‘her’, ‘our’ and‘their’, but in French they are decided by the form of the noun – masculine,feminine or plural. Here are some examples :

Mon ma mes

Père mère parents

82


NotesMon, ma and mes mean ‘my’. Mon is used for a masculine singular noun,ma is used for a feminine singular noun and mes is used for all plural nouns.

Ton ta tes

Père mère parents

Ton, ta and tes mean ‘your’ in the informal sense. Ton is used for amasculine singular noun, ta is used for a femine singular noun and tes isused for all plural nouns.

Son sa ses

Père mère parents

Son, sa and ses mean ‘his; as well ‘her’. Son is used for a masculine noun,sa is used for a feminine noun and ses is used for all plural nouns.

Notre nos

Père, mère parents

Notre and nos mean ‘our’. Notre is used for both masculine and femininesingular nouns and nos is used for all plural nouns.

Votre vos


Votre and vos mean ‘your’ in the formal sense. Votre is used for bothmasculine and

feminine singular noun and vos is used for all plural nouns.

Leur leurs


Leur and leurs mean ‘their’. Leur is used for masculine and femininesingular nouns and leurs is used for all plural nouns.

3.9 SUMMARY

In this unit, you have been taught the basics of French grammar. You firstlearned about articles. As in English, in French, too, there are two types ofarticles – definite and indefinite.

You also learned naming words or nouns (noms) and adjectives (adjective).The article used with the noun indicates the gender of the noun. You havealso learned about the singular and plural forms of nouns. The pronoun is aword that is used in place of a noun. You have learned about pronouns inthis unit.

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French

Notes In this unit, you have been taught verbs (verbe). Verbs have many form –masculine and feminine, singular and plural, and first, second and thirdpersons. Conjugation of verbs is a very important part of French grammar.This has been explained in great detail and with numerous examples of thethree groups of verbs .

This unit also explains adjectives in detail. Also explaimed are comparativeand superlative, which are used to qualify adjectives.


1. Mettez l’article indéfinis :

a. ____sac

b. ____tableau

c. ____arbres

d. ____étudiant

e. ____étudiante

f. ____étudiants

g. ____ordinateur

h. ____étudiantes

i. ____profeeseur

j. ____classe

2. Mettez l’article définis :

a. ____médecin

b. ____agenda

c. ____chemises

d. ____enfant

e. ____thé

f. ____café

g. ____boulangers

h. ____robe

i. ____pantalon

j. ____radeaux

84


Notes3. Translate into French :

a. It is 2.10.

b. It is 3.15.

c. It is 4.20.

d. It is 5.30.

e. It is 6.05.

f. It is 7.08.

g. It is 9.15.

h. It is 10.30.

i. I am small.

j. You are tall.

k. He is handsome.

l. She is beautiful.

m. We are young.

n. You are naughty.

o. They are free.

p. They are busy.

4. Mettez l’adjectif demonstrative :

a. _____fille est jolie.

b. ______livre est bon.

c. _____appartements sont grands.

d. ______ordinateur est très cher.

e. ______garçon est bon.

f. ______chemise est bleue.

g. ______chaussures sont noirs.

h. ______blouson est blanc.

i. ______cravate est blanche.

j. ______bague est jaune.

5. Mettez l’adjectif possessif :

a. _____frère est grand.

b. _____cousine est belle.

85



French

Notes c. _____parents sont gentills.

d. _____Pays est très divers.

e. _____amie s’appelle Alka.

f. _____grand-père s’appelle Paul Lavigne.

g. ______nationalité est français.

h. ______beau-frère habite à Paris.

i. ______chemise est noire.

j. ______travial est facile.

6. Mettez les verbes :

a. Je____français. parler

b. Tu____anglais. parler

c. Je______la télé. regarder

d. Elle______ma mère. regarder

e. J’_____les oranges. aimer

f. Il_____le fromage. aimer

g. Tu_____à paris. habiter

h. Vous_____à mumbai. habiter


a. Je_____mon petit-déjeuner. finir

b. Nous_____ces chaussettes. choisir

c. Il_____un sac. tenir

d. Je_____un cartable. tenir

e. Je_____pour le bureau partir

f. Il_____avec Nicolas sortir

g. Nous______aves nos amis. Sortir

h. Mon enfant____avec moi dormir


a. J’_____le français. apprendre

b. Tu_____le bus. prendre

c. Je_____ta question. comprendre

d. Vous_____votre maison. vendre

86


Notese. Je_____du thé. faire

f. Nous_____bonsoir à notre professeur. dire

g. Tu____français. être

h. Nous_____des chaussures avoir

i. Je_____un oiseau. voir

j. Tu ____des livre dans le cartable mettre

k. Nous_____des livres. lire

l. Ils_____des phrases écrire

m. Nous_____la réponse. vouloir

n. Je_____aller. pouvoir

o. Ils_____venir. devoir

9. Mettez les verbes pronominaux :

a. Je______très vite. S’habiller

b. Tu_____tard. Se lever

c. Il_____à 5 h du matin. Se réveiller

d. Nous_____son sac. Se trouver

e. Vous______dans le miroir. Se regarder

f. Ils______dans la chambre. Se chausser

g. Elles_____très tôt. Se coucher.

10. Mettez à, à la, au, à l’ or aux :

a. Je vais______jardin.

b. Tu vas____école.

c. Il va_____parc.

d. Elle va_____piscine.

e. Nous allons______université.

f. Ils vont______collège

g. Elles vont______à paris.

11. Mettez de, du, de la, del’ or des :

a. Je viens_____pune.

b. Tu viens_____maison.

c. Il vient______cuisine.

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French

Notes d. Elle vient______bureau.

e. Nous venons_____plage.

f. Vous venez_____cinéma.

g. Ils viennent_____toilettes.

h. Elles viennent_____marché.

12. Mettez le verbe au passé composé :

a. J’______français. parler

b. Elle_____à ses examens penser

c. Vous_____la question oublier

d. J’_____la leçon finir

e. Tu____le français apprendre

f. Il____ma question comprendre

g. Elle____sa voiture vendre

h. J’____absent être

i. Elle______très vite. s’habiller

j. Il_____dans la salle de bains. se brosser

k. Elle_____très tard. se baigner

13. Utilisez l’impératif

a. Parler en français

b. Regarder la télé

c. Inviter les amis

d. Finir le devoir

e. Choisir une robe

f. Réussir à l’examen

g. Boire du thé

h. Voir l’oiseau

14. Mettez les verbes au future simple

a. je_____français parler

b. tu _____anglais parler

c. nous_____ce soir arriver

d. vous_____le tiroir tirer

88


Notese. il____très vite grandir

f. elle _____en vacances partir

g. nous_____avec eux sortir

h. je_____le taxi prendre

i. tu_____anglais apprendre

j. il____ce travail faire

k. elle____quelquechose dire

15. Mettez l’imparfait :

a. Je______avec mes amis parler.

b. Tu_____avec ton frère travailler

c. Nous_____les billets. Ramasser

d. Elles_____à sa fille. Conseiller

e. Je______la leçon. Commencer

f. Tu_____l’avion. Voler

g. Il______de l’argent. Demander

h. Nous_____la voiture. Tirer

i. Vous_____la porte. Pousser

j. Ils_____leurs amis. Inviter

k. Elles_____leur argent. Gaspiller

l. Tu _____avec tes amis. Sortir

m. Il_____chez moi. Venir.

n. Elle______un cartable. Tenir

o. Nous_____du café. Prendre

p. Vous_____le français. Apprendre

q. Ils_____sa maison. Vendredi

r. Elles_____des lettres. Lire

s. J’_____un poème. Ecrire

89



French

NotesUNIT

CONVERSATIONS

4. INTRODUCTION

In this unit, you will learn how to converse in French. We will start withsome examples conversations that place in a classroom. You will then learnsome simple and general conversation, and also how to ask for informationin French. This lesson will enable you to carry on some basic and simpleconversation in the language.

4.1 UNIT OBJECTIVES


l Get familiar with general classroom conversation

l Learn to carry on simple conversation in French

l Ask for information in French

l Know how to order meals

4.2 CLASSROOM CONVERSATION

C’est la class de Paul. Il y a beaucoup d’étudiants. C’est le cours de français.Le professeur écrit les phrases sur le tableau noir.

Le professeur: Ces phrases sont très importantes. Ecrivez les dans voscahiers!

Paul: Désolé monsieur. Je n’ai pas mon cahier de français. J’ai oublié à lamaison.

Le professeur: Sortez de la classe!

Paul: Désolé monsieur. Demain je ferai mon devoir.

Le professeur: D’accord. Mais ta dernière faute. Assieds-toi! Écrivez cesphrases dans une autre cahier!

This is Paul’s class. There are many students. This is the French period.The teacher is writing sentences on the blackboard.

4

90


NotesThe teacher: These sentences are very important. Write them in yournotebook!

Paul: Sorry sir. I don’t have my French notebook. I forgot it at home.

The teacher: Get out of the class!

Paul: Sorry. Tomorrow I will do my homework.

The teacher: Ok. But it’s your last mistake. Sit down! Write these sentencesin another notebook!

4.3 SIMPLE CONVERSATION

Mme Martin a une fille. Elle s’appelle Anne. Aujourd’hui, c’estl’anniversaire d’Anne. Alors, Mme Martin va au marché pour acheter uncadeau pour sa fille. Elle entre dans une boutique.

Le vendeur: Bonjour Madame, qu’est-ce que vous voulez?

Mme Martin: Je veux une robe pour ma petite fille.

Le vendeur: Quel âge a-t-elle?

Mme Martin: Elle a 4 ans.

Le vendeur: Voilâ de belles robes, madame.

Mme Martin: Je prend cette robe rouge. C’est très jolie. Ça fait combien ?

Le vendeur: $30

Mme Martin: D’accord, je paie.

Le vendeur: Merci madame, au revoir.

Mme Martin: Au revoir.

Mrs. Martin has a daughter. Her name is Anne. It’s Anne’s birthday today.So, Mrs. Martin goes to the market to buy a gift for her daughter. She entersa shop.

Salesman: Good morning Madam, what do you want?

Mrs. Martin: I want a dress for my little baby.

Salesman: How old is she?

Mrs. Martin: She is 4 years old.

Salesman: Here are some beautiful dresses, Madam.

Mrs. Martin: I will take that red dress. It’s very nice. How much does itcost?

91

Conversations


French

Notes Salesman: $30.

Mrs. Martin: Ok, I will take it.

Salesman: Thank you Madam. See you.

Mrs. Martin: See you.

4.4 GENERAL CONVERSATION

La semaine drenière, Caroline a rencontré son copain Paul. Elle raconte àson amie Sylvie ce qui s’est passé.

Caroline: La semaine dernière j’ai rencontré mon copain Paul.

Sylvie: Vous êtes allés au restaurant ou pas?

Caroline: Oui, d’abord. Nous sommes allés a cinéma pour voir un bonfilm.

Après nous sommes allés au restaurant pour manger.

Sylvie: Tu lui as parlé de mariage ?

Caroline: Oui, il est d’accord. Mais je dois discuter avec mes parents aussi.

Sylvie: Très bien! Maintenant je dois aller. Au revoir.

Caroline: Au revoir!

Last week, Caroline met her boyfriend Paul. She is telling her friend Sylvieabout what happened.

Caroline: Last week, I met my boyfriend Paul.

Sylvie: Did you go to the restaurant or not?

Caroline: Yes, first we went to the cinema to see a movie. After that wewent to the restaurant to eat.

Sylvie: Did you talk to him about marriage?

Caroline: Yes, we did. He agreed. But I have to discuss it with my parentsalso.

Sylvie: Very well! Now I have to go. See you.

Caroline: See you.

4.5 WE ARE HAPPY TO WELCOME YOU

Ce sont les vacances d’été. M. Nicolas va à Paris chez son frère Pierreavec sa famille. Son frère est sa famille est très contente quand ils arrivent.

Pierre: Bonjour mon frère! Je suis très content.92


NotesNicolas: Moi aussi! Nous nous sommes rencontrés après deux années.

Pierre: Tu es avec la famille! Très bien! D’abord reposez-vous! Après nousparlerons.

Paul le fils de M. Nicolas demande: Je veux visiter Paris.

Pierre: Dans le soir nous allons visiter. Nous allons manger dans un bonrestaurant et nous allons nous amuser.

These are the summer vacations. M. Nicolas is going to Paris to Pierre’shome. Pierre is his brother. His brother and his family are very happy to meetthem.

Pierre: Hello my brother! I am very happy.

Nicolas: Me too. We are meeting after two years.

Pierre: You are with your family! Very good! First, take some rest!Afterwards we will talk.

M. Nicolas’s son says: I want to visit Paris.

Pierre: We are going to visit in the evening. We are going to eat in a goodrestaurant, and are going to have fun.

4.6 ASKING FOR INFORMATION

Catherine doit aller à la poste. Elle demande une personne.

Catherine: Coutez Monsieur! Il me faut aller à la poste. Est-ce que vous

pouvez m’aider!

La personne: Aller tout droit! Il ya une petite rue. Prenez cette rue! Après

tournez à gauche! Il y a un musée. Devant ce mussé. Il ya la poste.

Catherine: Merci beaucoup monsieur! Au revoir!

La personne: Au revoir madame!

Catherine has to go to the post office. She asks a person.

Catherine: Excuse me, sir! I have to go the post office. Can you help me?

The person: Go straight down! There is small street. Take that street. After

that, turn to the left, there is a museum. In front of the museum is the post

office.

Catherine: Thank you very much, sir. See you.

The person: See you, madam.

93

Conversations


French

Notes 4.7 ORDERING A MEAL

Aujourd’hui, Nicolas est libre. Il veut aller au reataurant. Alors il téléphoneson ami, Paul. A 7h du soir, Paul vient chez lui et les deux vont au restaurant.

Le garçon: Qu’est-ce que vous aimez manger, monsieur?

Nicolas: Une omelette.

Le garçon: Et vous, monsieur ?

Paul: Une sandwich au fromage et un jus de fruit.

Le garçon: Attendez monsieur, s’il vous plaît.

Après quelques minutes.

Le garçon: Voilà monsieur.

Après 20 minutes, Nicolas appelle le garçon et il paie l’addition. Il donnele pourboire au garçon. Et puis ils rentrent.

Nicolas is free today. He wants to go to the restaurant. So he calls hisfriend Paul. At 7 in the evening, Paul comes to his house and both go to therestaurant.

Waiter: What would you like to have, Sir?

Nicolas: An omelette.

Waiter: And you, Sir?

Paul: A cheese sandwich and fruit juice.

Waiter: Please wait, Sir.

After a few minutes

Waiter: Here it is, Sir.

After 20 minutes, Nicolas calls the waiter and pays the bill. He gives a tipto the waiter. Then they come back.

4.8 BREAKFAST: LE PETIT DÉJEUNER

C’est 7 h du matin. Madame Catherine sert le petit déjeuner.

Le mari: Je veux du café avec du pain pas de fromage.

Catherine: D’accord.et les enfants vous prenez du lait avec du pain!

Le fils: Je veux du lait avec du pain.

La fille: Mais je veux du pain avec du fromage et du jus aussi .

Catherine: Je prends seulement du café. Je suis au régime.94


NotesIt is 7 o’clock in the morning. Madam Catherine is serving the breakfast.

Husband: I want coffee with bread.

Catherine: Ok. And children, you take milk with bread!

Son: I want milk with bread.

Daughter: But I want bread with cheese and fruit juice.

Catherine: I will take only coffee. I am on a diet.

4.9 SUMMARY

In this unit, you have learned how to converse in French. You have learnedabout conversing in the classroom, and also what to say if you want to buysomething.

You have also learned how to ask for directions and order a meal in arestaurant.


1. Write a small conversation between a teacher and a student in theclassroom.

2. Catherine goes to a shop to buy a loaf of bread. How will she ask for it?

3. You are visiting Paris and you want to see a museum. You ask a personon the road for directions. Write the conversation between you and thatperson.

95

Conversations


French

NotesUNIT

GUIDE FOR TRAVELLERS

5. INTRODUCTION

Today, due to ease of travel due to modern and easily available facilities,there are scores of tourists in practically every country of the world. You willcome across French-speaking tourists in India, or you may be travelling toFrance or some other country where French is commonly spoken. So, it willbe necessary and helpful for you to be able to speak in French.

5.1 UNIT OBJECTIVES


l Learn to the common phrases and questions associated with travelling

l Learn ask questions or respond to queries related to travelling

5.2 LEARNING TO CONVERSE

In this section, you will learn the terms you need to know, or the questionsyou would generally ask – or be asked – in various situations; for example,when you arrive at a certain place, or when you reach your hotel, or whenyou are undertaking a journey by any particular mode of transport, or if youare buying something, or if you want to order a meal.

5.2.1 On Arrival

Où est le taxi? Where is the taxi?

Je veux aller à l’aéroport. I want to go to the airport.

Où voulez-vous aller? Where do you want to go?

L’arrivée Arrival

L’aéroport the airport

La gare the railway station.

La gare routière the bus station

C’est mon passeport. This is my passport.

5

96


NotesCe sont mes bagages. This is my baggage.

Où est ton visa? Where is your visa?

Montrez votre passeport! Show your passport!

L’entrée the entry

La partie the exit

Décoller to take off

Atterir to land

Prenez le taxi! Take a taxi!

Prenez le bus! Take a bus!

Il y a des magasins sur le quai There are some shops on theplatform.

J’ai deux valises. I have two suitcases.

5.2.2 Air Travel

Je vais voyager I am going to travel.

Le voyage en avion the travel by air.

Est-ce que je peux voir ton passeport? Can i see your passport?

Est-ce que tu as le visa ou pas? Do you have your visa?

Ils sont assis dans la salle d’attente. They are sitting in the waitinglounge.

L’avion va atterir. The plane is going to land.

Le vol. the flight

Je veux un billet pour Paris. I want a ticket for Paris.

Vous voulez un billet? Do you want one ticket ?

Où sont vos valises? Where are your suitcases?

C’est la salle d’attente. This is the waiting lounge.

L’avion va décoller. The plane is going to take off.

5.2.3 Steamship TravelLe voyage par bateau est très bon. The travel by ship is very good.Quel est le prix? What is the price ?C’est un peu cher. This is a little bit expensive.Je veux nager. I want to swim.Où est la pisine? Where is the swimming pool?L’océan the oceanLa mer the seaRegardez l’eau! See the water!

97

Guide for Travellers


French

Notes Est-ce qu’il y a un bar? Is there a bar?

5.2.4 Rail Travel

Où se trouve la gare? Where is the railway station?

La gare est très loin. The railway station is very far away.

Il y a beaucoup de taxis. There are plenty of taxis.

Prenez la taxi pour aller à la gare! Take taxi to go to the railway station!

Je veux un billet pour Lyon. I want a ticket for Lyon.

Quel est le prix du billet ? What’s the price of the ticket?

Je dois faire réserver deux billets? I have to reserve two tickets.

La réservation n’est pas possible. The reservation is not possible.

Le train va arriver. The train is about to reach.

Les passagers attendent. The passengers are waiting.

5.2.5 Bus Travel

La gare routière. the bus station

J’ai besoin de deux billets. I need two tickets.

Je veux aller à la gare routière. I want to go to the bus station.

Vous voulez un billet pour Jaipur? Do you want a ticket for Jaipur?

A quelle heure le bus arrive-t-il? At what time does the bus reach?

Il n’y a pas de porteur. There is no porter.

5.2.6 At the Hotel

L’hôtel The hotel

Je veux faire retenir une chambre. I want to book a room.

Où est le maître de l’hôtel ? Where is the superviser?

Débarrassez la table! Clean the table !

Donnez le pourboire! Give the tip!

Manger To eat

Qu’est-ce que vous désirez à manger ? What do you want to eat?

Ils mangent ensemble. They are eating together.

Le garçon porte le plateau. The waiter is carrying the tray.

Le chef ne travaille pas bien. The chef is not working.

Les repas sont très bons. The meals are very good.

Est-ce qu’il n’y a pas de bar? Is there no bar?

98


NotesOù est le sommelier? Where is the wine waiter?

Commandez le repas! Order the meal!

Attendez, s’il vous plaît! Please wait!

L’addition, s’il vous plaît! Please get the bill!

5.2.7 How to Go to …

Je veux aller à Nice. I want to go to Nice.

Quel bus je dois prendre? Which bus should I take?

Quel est le tarif? What is the fare?

Allez tout droit! Go straight down!

Tournez à gauche! Turn to the left!

Tournez à droite! Turn to the right!

Prenez cette rue! Take that street!

Le receveur vient vers nous. The conductor is comingtowards us.

Où sont vos billets? Where are your tickets?

Il nous faut descendre. We have to get down.

5.2.8 At the Shop Counter

Ou’est-ce vous avez acheté madame ? What have you bought madam?

Une robe et deux cravates. A dress and two ties.

Comment je dois payer? How should I pay?

Payez par chèque! Pay by cheque!

Montrez les bagages! Show the packets!

Je n’ai pas de monnaie. I don’t have change.

5.2.9 Breakfast

Que mangez-vous au petit-déjeuner ? What do you eat for breakfast?

Seulement du lait avec du pain. Only milk and bread.

Je déteste le fromage. I hate cheese.

J’adore le beurre. I love butter.

Qu’est-ce tu préfère à manger ? What do you prefer to eat?

Ils boivent du jus de fruit. They drink fruit juice.

Elle mange du sandwich. She eats a sandwich.

Nous aimons l’omelette. We like omelette.

Je vais prendre mon petit-déjeuner. I am going to eat my breakfast.

99



French

Notes Il prend du café noir. He drinks black coffee.

Je n’aime le thé. I don’t like tea.

5.2.10 Lunch in a Restaurant

Bonjour monsieur/madame Good morning, Sir/Madam.

Qu’est-ce que vous voulez à manger? What would you like to eat?

Quel est votre plat favori? What is your favourite dish?

Les repas sont très délicieux. The meals are very delicious.

Elle mange de la salade verte. She is eating green salad.

je voudrais du poulet. I would like chicken.

Elle déteste le canard. She hates duck.

J’aimerais bien boire du potage. I would like to drink soup.

Le garçon sert les repas. The waiter is serving the meals.

Ils déjeunent souvent au restaurant. They often have lunch in a restaurant.

5.2.11 Dinner

La famille mange le dîner à la maison. The family eats dinner at home.

Je mange du porc. I am eating pork.

J’adore le vin rouge. I like red wine.

Elle boit de la soupe. She drinks soup.

Le dîner est prêt. The dinner is ready.

Les enfants mangent des légumes. The children are eating vegetables.

Tu n’aimes pas le mouton? Don’t you like mutton ?

Je voudrais du riz. I would like rice.

Elle sert le dîner. She is serving dinner.

Le bol est plein de légumes. The bowl is full of vegetables.

Je mange le déssert. I am eating dessert.

Elle aime la glace. She likes ice-cream.

Je ne prendrai pas de glaces. I will not take ice-cream.

5.2.12 At the Café

C’est le meilleur café de ce quartier. This is the best café of this area.

C’est plus cher. This is more expensive.

Vous aimez boire quelquechose? Would you like to drink something?

Je veux un café noir. I want black coffee.

100


NotesNous voulons deux limonades. We want two lemonades.

Le garçon apporte l’addition. The waiter is getting the bill.

Le sandwich de ce café est célèbre. The sandwich of this café is famous.

Je déteste donner le pouboire. I don’t like giving a tip.

5.2.13 Let’s Go Sightseeing …

Ce soir nous allons visiter la tour Eiffel. This evening we are going to seethe Eiffel tower.

C’est très loin. Its very far.

On a besoin d’un guide. We need a guide.

C’est très cher. It’s very expensive.

L’entrée est fermée. Entry is closed.

On dois prendre le taxi. We have to take taxi.

Il y a beaucoup de mounuments There are many monuments to see.pour voir.

Ce monument est très célèbre. This monument is very famous.

5.2.14 Travel by Rented Car

Je veux louer une voiture pour 5 heures? I want to hire a care for 5 hours

Est-ce vous voulez un chauffeur? Do you want a driver?

Je sais conduire. I know driving.

J’ai le permis de conduire. I have the driving license.

Cette rue est très étroite. This street is very narrow.

C’est proche. It’s nearby

Le musée est très loin. The museum is very far away.

La location the location

5.2.15 At the Service Station

La car est tombée en panne. The car is broken down.

Elle ne marche pas bien. It is not running well.

Est-ce qu’il y a un garage ici ? Is there any garage here?

Il n’y a pas d’essence dans la voiture. There is no petrol in the car.

Il faut réparer la voiture. You should repair the car.

Où est le mécanicien? Where is the mechanic?

Où est la pompe à l’essence. Where is the petrol pump?

Je veux faire remplir le réservoir. I want to get the tank filled.

101



French

Notes 5.3 SUMMARY

In this unit, you have learned how to carry on simple functionalconversations in French. You may be travelling or shopping in France, ormeeting tourists who can only speak French; so you must be able to conversein French in such situations. If you learn the lesson carefully, you will notface any difficulty in these situations.


1. Write five questions/sentences for each of the following:

i) Travelling by air

ii) Arrival at a hotel

iii) Ordering a meal

iv) Buying a dress in a shop

v) Travelling by ship

2. Translate into French:

i) Where do you want to go?

ii) Show your passport.

iii) I am going to travel by air.

iv) Where are your suitcases?

v) Do you have a ticket?

vi) The travel by ship is very good.

vii) Where is the swimming pool?

viii) Where is the railway station?

ix) I want a ticket for Paris.

x) The train is about to reach.

xi) There is no porter.

xii) The waiter is carrying the tray.

xiii) The meals are very good!

xiv) I want to go to Agra.

xv) What is the fare?

xvi) What have you bought, sir?

xvii) I will pay by cheque.

xviii) What do you eat for breakfast?

xix) I drink black coffee.102


Notesxx) The meals are delicious!

xxi) The waiter is serving the meals.

xxii) Dinner is ready.

xxiii) The bowl is full of vegetables.

xxiv) I like ice-cream.

xxv) The waiter is getting the bill.

xxvi) I want to hire a car for eight hours.

xxvii) This street is very narrow.

xxviii) The car has broken down.

xxix) There is no petrol in the car.

xxx) Where is the mechanic?

3. Translate into English:

i) Je veux aller à l’aéroport.

ii) La gare routière.

iii) Ce sont mes bagages.

iv) Prenez le bus!

v) J’ai deux valises.

vi) Est-ce que tu as le visa ou pas?

vii) L’avion va atterir.

viii) Le voyage par bateau est très bon.

ix) C’est un peu cher.

x) Je veux nager.

xi) Je veux aller à Nice.

xii) Quel bus je dois prendre?

xiii) Tournez à droite!

xiv) Il nous faut descendre.

xv) Qu’est-ce que vous voulez à manger?

xvi) je voudrais du poulet.

xvi) Ils déjeunent souvent au restaurant.

xviii) La famille mange le dîner à la maison.

xix) J’adore le vin rouge.

xx) Tu n’aimes pas le mouton?

xxi) Je voudrais du riz.103



French

Notes xxii) Vous aimez boire quelquechose?

xxiii) Nous voulons deux limonades.

xxiv) Ce soir nous allons visiter la tour Eiffel.

xxv) On a besoin d’un guide.

xxvi) L’entrée est fermée.

xxvii) Il y a beaucoup de mounuments pour voir.

xxviii) Est-ce vous voulez un chauffeur?

xxix) J’ai le permis de conduire.

xxx) Il faut réparer la voiture.

104


NotesUNIT

VOCABULARY

6.0 INTRODUCTION

This unit will help you to improve your vocabulary of French words andexpressions. It cannot be said that this is a complete list; the list has beendrawn up keeping in mind your requirements as students of Hotel and TravelManagement.

6.1 UNIT OBJECTIVES

After going through this unit, you will be able to:l Get familiar with commonly used French words and termsl Learn French words, terms and terms specific to the needs of the hotel,

travel and tourism industries

6.2 FRENCH–ENGLISH

A

À bientôt

Aimer

Adorer

Absent/e

Accepter

L’accident

L’addition

L’adjectif

Adopter

L’adverbe

L’âge

Ajouter

Allô

6

see you soon

to like

to adore

absent

to accept

accident

bill

adjective

to adopt

adverb

age

to add

hello105


French

Notes L’amende

Annuler

Après

L’arbre

Attendre

B

La bagage

Se baigner

La bananae

Le bateau

La beauté

Les beaux-arts

Le berceau

Bien sûr

Le billet

Bon/bonne

La brosse

C

Cacher

Le cadavre

Le cadre

Le café

La caisse

Calculer

Calme

Le canapé

Capturer

La carte

La ceinture

La chambre

Le champ

fine

to cancel

after

tree

to wait for

baggage

to bathe

banana

boat, ship

beauty

the fine arts

cradle

of course

ticket, note

good

brush

to hide

dead body

frame

cafe

counter

to calculate

calm

sofa

to capture

card, map

belt

bedroom

field

106


NotesLe champagne

Chasser

Chaud/e

Chercher

D

D’abord

Danser

La danse

Devant

Derière

Le débat

Décider

Discuter

Déchirer

Demain

Dehors

Décrire

Descendre

Différent/e

Dimanche

Disponible

Douchement

Drôle

E

L’eau

L’école

L’élève

Écouter

Ecrire

L’écrivain

L’électricité

champagne

to chase

hot

to look for

first of all

to dance

dance

in front of

behind

debate

to decide

to discuss

to tear

tomorrow

outside

to describe

to get down

different

Sunday

available

softly

funny

water

school

pupil

to listen

to write

writer

electricity

107

Vocabulary


French

Notes Embarrasser

Emprunter

Encore

Enseigner

Envoyer

Etudier

L’étudiant/e

F

Se fâcher

Le facteur

Faire

La famille

Fatigué

Se fatiguer

Fermer

La faute

La femme

Finir

Le fleur

Fondre

Fort/e

Froid

Fumer

G

Gagner

Le garçon

Garder

La glace

Goûter

Le goût

Grand/e

Griller

to embarrass

to borrow

more

to teach

to send

to study

student

to get angry

postman

to do, to make

family

tired

to get tired

to close

mistake

woman

to finish

flower

to melt

strong, loud

cold

to smoke

to earn

boy, waiter

to keep

ice, ice-cream, mirror

to taste

the taste

big

to grill

108


NotesH

Habiter

L’habitude

Les haricots

Haut

La hauteur

L’herbe

Hésiter

L’heure

Le hibou

L’horloge

Horrible

L’hôtel

L’hôpital

I

L’idée

Identifier

Lidentité

Ignorer

Illustrer

L’image

L’imagination

Importer

Impossible

L’introduction

J

Jamais

La jambe

Le jardin

Jeter

Le jeu

to live

habit, custom

beans

high, high class, upper reaches

height

grass

to hesitate

hour

owl

clock

horrible

hotel

hospital

idea

to identify

identity

to ignore

to illustrate

image, picture

imagination

to import

impossible

introduction

never

leg

garden

to throw

game

109

Vocabulary


French

Notes Jouer

Jeune

Le jus

Le journal

Le/la journaliste

K

Le kilo

Kidnapper

Le kilometer

L

La laboratoire

Le lac

Laisser

Le lait

La lampe

La langue

Le lapin

Large

Les larmes

Le lavabo

Se laver

Laver

La leçon

Lire

Les légumes

La lettre

Se lever

Libre

M

La main

Madame

to play

young

juice

newspaper

journalist

kilogram

to kidnap

kilometer

laboratory

lake

to leave

milk

lamp

language

rabbit

large

tears

washbasin

to wash oneself

to wash

lesson

to laugh

vegetables

letter

to get up

free

hand

madam

110


NotesMaintenant

Mais

La maison

Malade

La maladie

Manger

Le manteau

Marcher

Mélanger

Le mémoire

Merci

Montrer

La montagne

N

Nager

La naissance

La nation

La nature

Négliger

Neiger

Le nez

Le nid

Le nom

Normalement

Le nuage

Le nombre

O

Obéir

L’objet

Observer

L’observation

now

but

house

ill

illness

to eat

coat

to walk

to mix

memory

thank you

to show

mountain

to swim

birth

nation

nature

to neglect

to snow

nose

nest

noun, name

normally

cloud

number

to obey

object

to observe

observation

111

Vocabulary


French

Notes Occupé/e

L’océan

L’œuf

Offrir

L’oiseau

Opposer

L’opposition

L’orange

Les oreilles

L’organisation

Organiser

Ouvrir

P

La page

Payer

Le pain

La paix

Le panier

Le paon

Le papier

Le paquet

Le parapluie

La pluie

Le parc

Parce que

Pardonner

Les parents

Parler

Prendre

Partir

Le pays

busy

ocean

egg

to offer

bird

to oppose

opposition

orange

ears

organization

to organize

to open

page

to pay

bread

peace

basket

peacock

paper

packet

umbrella

rain

park

because

to forgive

parents

to speak, to talk

to take

to leave

country

112


NotesLa porte

Le professeur

Q

Le quai

Quand

La quantité

Le quartier

Quelquefois

Quelqu’un

Quelque chose

La question

Quitter

R

La radio

Les raisins

La raison

Ramasser

Rapidement

Le rasoir

La réaction

Réagir

Recevoir

La recette

Réduire

Réfléchir

Reformer

Refuser

Regarder

La règle

La réligion

door

teacher

platform

when

quantity

area

sometimes

somebody

something

question

to quit

radio

grapes

reason

to gather

rapidly

razor

reaction

to react

to receive

recipe

to reduce

to think

to reform

to refuse

to watch

scale

religion

113

Vocabulary


French

Notes S

Le sac

Sacré/e

Sacrifier

La salade

Le salon

Le sandwich

Sans

Satisfaire

Sauver

Savoir

Secouer

La sécurité

Sentir

Le serpent

Le service

Siffler

Sonner

Sortir

Souffrir

Sourd/e

Sous

Sympathique

T

La table

Le tableau

La tante

La technologie

Le téléphone

La télévision

Le témoin

bag

sacred

to sacrifice

salad

living room

sandwich

without

to satisfy

to save

to know

to shake

security

to smell, to feel

snake

service

to whistle

to ring

to go out

to suffer

deaf

under

friendly

table

painting

aunt

technology

telephone

television

witness

114


NotesTenir

La terre

La tête

Le timbre

Tirer

Le titre

Tomber

Tourner

Traduire

Tranquille

Le travail

Travailler

Tricher

Triste

U

La université

Urgent/e

Le usage

Utile

Utiliser

V

La vache

La valeur

Vendre

Venir

Le vent

Le verbe

Le verre

Verser

La vie

Le visa

to hold

earth

head

stamp

to pull

title

to fall

to turn

to translate

quiet

work

to work

to cheat

sad

university

urgent

usage, custom, practice

useful

to use

cow

value

to sell

to come

wind

verb

glass

to pour

life

visa

115

Vocabulary


French

Notes Vivre

Voir

Vouloir

W

Le wagon

Z

le zèbre

zéro

le zeste

6.3 ENGLISH–FRENCH

A

Able

Abnormal

Absence

Access

Accompany

Accumulate

Ache

Address

Admire

Advocate

Advise

Affection

After

Aim

Alive

Allow

Attach

Authority

to live

to see

to want

carriage

zebra

zero

outer peel (of orange, lemon)

capable

anormal/e

l’absence

l’accès

accompagner

accumuler

la douleur

l’adresse

admirer

avocat/e

conseiller

l’affection

après

le but

vivant/e

permettre

attacher

l’autorité

116


NotesB

Bachelor

Bad

Bag

Balance

Bald

Ban

Bank

Basement

Bathroom

Beach

Beat

Bed

Beg

Behind

Believe

Between

Big

Biography

Birth

Bless

Book

Bother

Boy

Buy

C

Cage

Cake

Call

Calm

Camera

Cancel

célibataire

mauvais/e

le sac

l’équilibre

chauve

l’interdiction

la banque

le sous-sol

la salle de bains

la plage

battre

le lit

mendier

derrière

croire

entre

grand/e

la biographie

la naissance

bénir

le livre

inquiéter

le garçon

acheter

la cage

le gâteau

appeler

calme

appareil-photo

annuler

117

Vocabulary


French

Notes Candle

Captivate

Capture

Carpet

Carry

Catch

Celebrate

Chair

Challenge

Change

Child

Choose

Church

Cinema

Class

Close

Cock

Cold

Come

Computer

Continue

Count

Cut

D

Dance

Date

Dead

Deaf

Death

Debate

Decent

la bougie

captiver

capturer

le tapis

porter

attraper

célébrer

la chaise

le défi

changer

l’enfant

choisir

l’église

le cinéma

la classe

fermer

le coq

froid/e

venir

l’ordinateur

continuer

compter

couper

danser

la date

mort/e

sourd/e

la mort

le débat

décent/e

118


NotesDecide

Deep

Delight

Democracy

Demonstration

Depress

Descend

Desire

Die

Different

Discuss

Dismiss

Disturb

Dog

E

Ear

Earth

Easy

Education

Educated

Effort

Elect

Electricity

Elegant

Embarrass

Empty

Employ

Employee

End

Energy

Enter

décider

profond/e

enchanté/e

la démocratie

la démonstration

déprimer

descendre

le désir

mourir

différent/e

discuter

congédier

déranger

le chien

l’oreille

la terre

facile

l’éducation

cultivé/e

l’effort

élire

l’électricité

élégant/e

embarrasser

vide

employer

l’employé/e

la fin

l’énergie

entrer

119

Vocabulary


French

Notes Every

Exercise

F

Face

Factory

Fall

Family

Fashion

Feed

Field

Fight

File

Fire

Flag

Flight

Fold

Frame

Full

G

Game

Gas

Gather

Generation

Gift

Give

Glass

Go

Gold

Government

Greet

Group

chaque

l’exercice

le visage

la usine

tomber

la famille

la mode

nourrir

le champ

la baggare

le dossier

le feu

le drapeau

le vol

plier

le cadre

plein/e

le jeu

le gaz

ramasser

la génération

le cadeau

donner

le verre

aller

l’or

le gouvernement

saluer

le groupe

120


NotesGuest

Gun

le jeu

H

Habit

Half

Hand

Hard

Hatred

Have

Head

Health

Heart

Heavy

Height

Help

Hide

Hold

Home

Horse

Hot

Hurt

I

Ice-cream

Ill

Illegal

Image

Immigrant

Implore

Important

Income

l’invité/e

le fusil

l’habitude

demi/e

la main

dur/e

la haine

avoir

la tête

la santé

le cœur

lourd/e

la hauteur

aider

cacher

tenir

la maison

le cheval

chaud/e

blesser

la glace

malade

illégal/e

l’image

l’immigré/e

implorer

important/e

le revenu

121

Vocabulary


French

Notes Industry

Inform

Ink

Intelligent

Intention

Invite

J

Jacket

Jail

Jealousy

Job

Judge

Juice

Jump

Jungle

Justice

Justify

K

Kangaroo

Keen

Keep

Keyboard

Kill

King

Kiss

Kitchen

Knife

Know

L

Laboratory

Lady

l’industrie

informer

l’encre

intelligent/e

l’intention

inviter

la veste

la prison

la jalousie

l’emploi

juger

le jus

sauter

la jungle

la justice

justifier

le kangourou

enthousiaste

garder

le clavier

tuer

le roi

le baiser

la cuisine

le couteau

savoir

le laboratoire

la dame

122


NotesLand

Language

Laugh

Law

Lead

Learn

Leave

Leg

Letter

Life

Live

Look

Lose

Love

M

Magazine

Maintain

Make

Man

Market

Marriage

Match

Meet

Milk

Miss

Mix

Moment

Money

Mouth

Must

la terre

la langue

rire

la loi

mener

apprendre

laisser

la jambe

la lettre

la vie

habiter

regarder

perdre

l’amour

la revue

maintenir

faire

l’homme

le marché

le mariage

le match

rencontrer

le lait

manquer

mélanger

le moment

l’argent

la bouche

devoir

123

Vocabulary


French

Notes N

Name

National

Near

Need

Never

Next

Night

Normal

Nose

Now

O

Object

Observe

Ocean

Offer

Oil

Only

Open

Orange

Ordinary

P

Packet

Pain

Paint

Paper

Parking

Pass

Path

Pay

Period

le nom

national/e

proche

le besoin

jamais

prochain/e

la nuit

normal/e

le nez

maintenant

l’objet

observer

l’océan

offrir

l’huile

seulement

ouvrir

l’orange

ordinaire

le paquet

la douleur

peindre

le papier

le stationnement

passer

le chemin

payer

la période

124


NotesPick

Place

Play

Power

Prefer

Pull

Push

Put

Q

Qualification

Quality

Queen

Question

Quiet

R

Radio

Reach

Receive

Reduce

Reject

Remove

Restaurant

Road

Round

Run

S

Safety

Sand

Satisfaction

Save

Say

choisir

l’endroit

jouer

le pouvoir

préférer

tirer

pousser

mettre

la qualification

la qualité

la reine

la question

tranquille

la radio

arriver

recevoir

réduire

rejecter

enlever

le restaurant

la route

rond/e

courir

la sécurité

le sable

la satisfaction

sauver

dire

125

Vocabulary


French

Notes School

Screen

Sea

See

Send

Serve

Sheep

Shop

Show

Silly

Sit

Sleep

Smoke

Speak

T

Take

Talk

Tax

Tear

Telegram

Tell

Tense

Think

Throw

Tolerate

Tongue

Topic

Tourism

Towel

Traffic

Travel

Try

l’école

l’écran

la mer

voir

envoyer

servir

le mouton

le magasin

montrer

bête

s’asseoir

dormir

fumer

parler

prendre

parler

l’impôt

déchirer

le télégram

dire

tendu/e

penser

jeter

supporter

la langue

le sujet

le tourisme

la serviette

la circulation

voyager

essayer

126


NotesU

Ugly

Umbrella

Unavailable

Uncle

Under

Understand

Unhappy

Use

V

Vacuum cleaner

Value

Velvet

Verb

Voice

W

Wait

Wall

War

Water

Weather

Wood

X

X-ray

Y

year

young

Z

Zebra

Zoo

laid/e

Le parapluie

indisponible

l’oncle

sous

comprendre

triste

utiliser

l’aspirateur

la valeur

le velours

le verbe

la voix

attendre

le mur

la guerre

l’eau

le temps

le bois

la radiographie

l’année

jeune

le zebra

le zoo

127

Vocabulary


French

Notes 6.4 SUMMARY

This unit has helped you to expand your vocabulary of French wordsand terms. This list is not a complete one, so you should consult a Frenchdictionary to learn more.


1. Write the French words for the following:a. Father

b. Brother

c. Tourism

d. Weather

e. Hospital

f. Tax

g. Invitation

h. Gather

i. Job

j. Glass

k. Bedroom

l. Kitchen

m. Market

n. Happy

o. Kangaroo

p. Zoo

q. Yoghurt

r. Water

s. Ship

t. Aeroplane

u. Keyboard

v. Nine

w. Classroom

x. Studient

y. Man

z. Hen

128


Notes2. Write the English words for the following :

a. Cahier

b. Year

c. Acheter

d. Appetit

e. Banque

f. Boire

g. Bibliotheque

h. Café

i. Chaise

j. Danser

k. Derrier

l. Dire

m. Étudiant

n. Faire

o. Femme

p. Gâteau

q. Janvier

r. Jus

s. Mauvais

t. Mois

u. Neuf

v. Fleur

w. Payer

x. Poser

y. Rue

z. Sans

129

Vocabulary

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INSTRUCTIONS TO SOLVE INTERNAL ASSIGNMENT

For better performance, students are advised to note following before attempting any particularquestion.

1. Any answer should be corresponding to the mark allotted i.e. excessive elaboration is notdesirable.

2. Pointwise explanation and that too in own words/style is more appreciated.

3. Avoid bookish jargon/style.

4. For more effective performance, contents of answer should be supported by suitableexamples/diagrams.

5. As far as possible follow the pattern of “Introduction”, “Text” and “Conclusion” in respect ofall answers.

Self-Instructional Material 131

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French

134

Punjab Technical UniversityLADOWALI ROAD, JALANDHAR

ASSIGNMENT SHEET(To be attached with each Assignment)

Full Name of Student : ___________________________________________________________________________________

(First Name) (Last Name)

Registration Number :

Course :_____________ Sem.:_____________ Subject of Assignment:____________________________________

Date of Submission of Assignment :

(Question Response Record - To be completed by student)

S. No. Question Number On Page Number of M arksResponded Assignment

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Total Marks :________/25Remarks by Evaluator: _____________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Note: Please ensure that your Correct Registration Number is mentioned on the Assignment Sheet.

Signature of the Evaluator

Signature of the Student Name of the Evaluator

Date: __________________ Date : __________________


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Documents

French sem6