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Epidemiological Investigation of Canine Dysautonomia in Wyoming
Noah Hull†, Katie Drumhiller†, Donal O’Toole1,2, Brant Schumaker1,2
1 Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory – Laramie, Wyoming2 University of Wyoming – Laramie, Wyoming
† University of Alabama at Birmingham – Birmingham, AL (Current Affiliation)
AAVLD / USAHA Annual ConferenceGreensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
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Overview:
• Background of Canine Dysautonomia (CD) – History
– Etiology• Endemic Area
– Previous Studies
– Clinical Presentation
– Histopathology
• Wyoming Cases– Descriptive Statistics
• Future Directions
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
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Background – History/Etiology
• First reported in 1983 in the United Kingdom
• First North American case 1988
– Originated in Glenrock, Wyoming
– Reported 1991 (Wise and Lappin (1991): JAVMA 198: 2103 – 2106)
• Etiology = Unknown
– Autoimmune, Toxin, Saprophytic microorganism
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
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? ? ?
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
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Background - Endemic Area
Harkin Laboratory, Kansas State University
Background – Previous Studies
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
5Berghaus et. al (2001)
Factor Component
Age <36 monthsMedian age = 18-months
≥50% of time outdoors -
Breed Labrador retriever
Sex Sexually Intact Females
Seasonality Late winter – Early spring
Mortality rate ≥92%
Exposures Pasture land; row crops; farm crops; consumption of wildlife; farm ponds; horses
and cattle
Background – Clinical Presentation
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
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• Vomiting, regurgitation, diarrhea, prolapsed third eyelid, low or absent anal tone, distended bladder, dilated pupils, and megaesophagus
• May be mistaken for GI foreign body
University of MissouriNiessen et al. (2007)
Background – Histopathology
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
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Ganglion – high mag.
Ganglion – low mag. Brainstem
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Wyoming Cases
Confirmed Case
Highly Suspected
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Wyoming Cases:
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
• 27 Histologically Confirmed Cases (2000-2012)
• Median Age = 7 months• Min/Max = 2/66months
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Wyoming Cases:
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
Seasonality n = 25
Gender n = 21
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Wyoming Cases:
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
Breed Distribution n = 21
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Wyoming Cases- Multi-case Household:
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
Household A: Three confirmed cases and two suspected cases over 20-years (two confirmed cases overlapped)
Household B: Two confirmed cases in four months
*All dogs were genetically unrelated
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Future Directions:
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
• Continue surveillance and collection of cases• Continue to bank serum of cases• Nationwide survey has been released
• New cases – MO, TX, SD, Ontario Canada
Molecular Studies:• 16S rRNA assay to evaluate GI flora of cases vs. controls• 16S rRNA assay of soil from affected properties
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Future Directions – Serum Trials :
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
10 Mice
CD Casesn = 2
Suspect CD
n = 2
EGSn = 1
MG
n = 1
Normal n = 1
c Neuro Dzn = 3
CD: Canine DysautonomiaEGS: Equine Grass Sickness (Dysautonomia)MD: Myasthenia GravisNormal: Control Serumc Neuro Dz: WSVL Dogs without Neurological Disease
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Acknowledgements:
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
• WSVL Clients• Dr. Susan Lucas• WSVL Staff• Affected owners who were interviewed
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Questions….
AAVLD / USAHA Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina October 21, 2012
Principle Investigator:Dr. Brant Schumaker, Epidemiologist WSVLEmail: [email protected]: 307-766-9970
