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Welcome
Presentation
On
Environmental Pollution
(Heat, Pesticides and Radioactive)
Prepared by:
1. Md Monir Hossen
2. Sabrina Haque
3. Khadija-tul Kobra
4. Din Mohammad Khokon
4th Year
B.Sc (Hon’s), Session: 2009-10
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies
University of Chittagong
Environmental pollution
Environmental pollution means lowering of the quality of environment at local scale caused exclusively by human activities.
According to RQOE: Environmental pollution may be defined as ‘‘unfavorable alteration of our surroundings wholly or largely as a by-product of man’s actions through direct or indirect effects of changes in energy patterns, radiations levels, chemical and physical constitution and the abundance of organisms’’.
According to NERC 1976: Environmental pollution is viewed as ‘the release of substances and energy as waste products of human activities which result in changes, usually harmful within the natural environment’’.
Heat Pollution
Heat pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process
that changes ambient water temperature.
Causes of Heat Pollution
Generally two prime causes are contribute for heat pollution in our
environment such as
A. Natural Causes
B. Manmade causes
Natural Causes are comprises ; 1. Volcanic Eruption
2. Ultra-violate ray come from celestial body
3. Atmosphic Chemistry
Manmade causes are consist ; 1. Nuclear power plant
2. Industrial sectors (i.e. iron & steel, pulps & paper and dying etc.)
3. Transport sectors(vessel and ship cooling, and stream engine exhausted water)
Effect of Heat pollution
Skin cancer, respiratory disease, headache and dizziness etc.
Sudden and periodic increase in temperature producing a thermal effect.
Changing air quality (i.e. Gases material especially CO2, O2, N2)
Changing water quality i.e. Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen
Demand (BOD).
Destroy ecosystem and disturbance of food chain
Changes to reproductive powers and increased susceptibility to disease.
Changes in migration time and pattern may be affected.
Decrease in productivity of the water body.
Economic and environmental damage.
Construction of cooling ponds -- artificial water bodies for
cooling due to radiation, convection and radiation;
Construction of cooling towers for radiation; and
Control of Heat Pollution
Some Photograph About Heat Pollution in the Environment
Pesticides Pollution
Define Pesticides Pesticide as any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing,
destroying or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal
disease, unwanted species of plants or animals causing harm during or
otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage or marketing of
food, agricultural commodities, wood and wood products or animal feedstuffs
or which may be administered to animals for the control of insects, arachnids
or other pests in or on their bodies (FAO,1986).
Pesticides are materials used to prevent, destroy, repel or otherwise control
objectionable insects, rodents, plants, weeds or other undesirable form of life
(Clair, et al., 2003).
USAID said that some pesticides are “banned due to toxicity, environmental
persistence and bio-accumulation, old organochlorine stocks are still
employed in every time it may plays different types of toxic impacts on
human body, fish community, soil quality and animal community that time we
are called pesticides pollution.
Source of Pesticides Pollution
Sources of pesticides in water Pesticide reached water either by direct application or indirectly and
unintentionally. The indirect sources include run-off from agricultural fields, spray
drifts, rain water, sewage and effluents from industries manufacturing pesticides or
using them in their process (Viarchaney, 1971).
Run-off from Agricultural Fields
Spray drift
Rain water
Leaching
Sewage and industrial effluents
Sources of pesticides on soil Pesticides are directly applied or injected into the soil to eradicate soil born pests
and diseases. A large quantity of pesticides also reaches soil as fallout from foliage
where they were applied, portion that and are not intercepted by the foliage.
Direct application
Indirect application
Drift
Atmospheric fall out
Pesticides Effect in the Environment
Class Examples Area of Effect
Organochlorines DDT, toxaphene, dieldrin, aldrin Reproductive, nervous, endocrine, and
immune system
Organophosphates Diazinon, glyphosate, malathion Central nervous system
Carbamates Carbofuran, aldicarb, carbaryl Central nervous system
Pyrethroids Fenpropanthrin, deltamethrin,
cypermethrin Poorly understood
Pesticides Management Practices
1. Integrated pest management (IPM) is a broad ecological approach to pest
control using various pest control methods in a compatible manner There are four
steps of IPM such as-
Preservation of beneficiary insects and animal,
Cultivation of pest resistant crops,
Modern farming system such as- use of healthy seed, optimization of
fertilizer use and proper water management and
Pest control by mechanical process such as- use of hand net and light trap,
stick palisade in the field etc.
2. Applying pesticides at the right time, dose, equipments and appropriate
protective measures;
3. Avoiding unnecessary pesticide application;
4. Using safety equipment when handling;
5. Storing and dispose of pesticide containers properly;
6. Using biological controls when appropriate; and
7. Using disease and insect resistant crop varieties.
Some Photograph About Pesticides Pollution in the Environment
Radioactive Pollution
The radioactive pollution is defined as the physical pollution of air, water and other by radioactive materials
The natural radiations are also known as the background radiations.
In this the cosmic rays are involved and reach the surface of earth
from space. It includes the radioactive elements like radium, uranium,
thorium, radon, potassium and carbon. These occur in the rock, soil
and water. The man made radiations include the mining and refining
of plutonium and thorium. This production and explosion of nuclear
weapons include the nuclear fuels, power plants and radioactive
isotopes.
There are many causes of radioactive pollution, these causes are as follows:
Productions of nuclear weapons - radioactive materials used in this
production have high health risks and release a small amount of pollution.
Mining of radioactive ore (uranium, phosphate etc.) - mining these involves
crushing and processing of the radioactive ores and this generates radioactive
waste which emits alpha particles.
Coal ash - it may come as a surprise that coal ash can be very dangerous.
Medical waste - a number of radioactive isotopes are used in medicine,
either for treatment or diagnostics.
Nuclear power plants - nuclear power plants under current standards
produce little radioactive pollution due to safety precautions that must be adhered
to.
Causes of Radioactive Pollution
Sources of radioactive Pollution
Following are the major sources where most of the
radioactive waste is generated and is responsible for
causing radioactive pollution
1. Production of nuclear fuel
2. Nuclear power reactors
3. Use of Radionuclide's in industries for various
applications
4. Nuclear tests carried out by Defense Personnel
5. Disposal of nuclear waste
6. Uranium Mining
Effects of Radioactive Pollution
1.The effects of radioactive pollution or exposure to nuclear radiations were first reported in early 20th century when people working in uranium mines suffered from skin burn and cancer. 2.The radiations destroy the cells in human body and causes cancer. 3.Radioactive particles forms ions when it reacts with biological molecules. These ions then form free radicals which slowly and steadily start destroying proteins, membranes, and nucleic acids. 4. A longer exposure to radioactive radiations can damage the DNA cells that results in cancer, genetic defects for the generations to come and even death.
Part of the reason that radioactive pollution is a problem is that radiation can
remain for up to a million years if levels of certain isotopes are high enough.
For this reason radioactive waste management is very important and plans
stretch up to around 100 years in the future, with ongoing evaluations and
research into these to make sure radioactive pollution affects us as little as
possible. There are four main techniques used for radioactive waste
management-
1. Geological disposal
2. Transmutation
3. Re-use of radioactive waste
4. Space disposal
Radioactive Waste Management
Some Photograph About Radioactive Pollution in the Environment
Saxena, H.M.(1999), Environmental Geography, Rawat Publications, India.
Singh ,S.(2008), Environmental Geography, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.
Chowdhury, M.E. & Majumder, A. K. (2008), Dictionary of Environment, Dawn communication & printing Ltd,Dhaka.
Dara, S.S.(1993), Environmental Chemistry & Pollution Control, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.
De, A.K, (2007),Environmental Chemistry, New Age International (P) Ltd, Publishers, New Delhi.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_pollution/26-05-2013
http://green.wikia.com/wiki/Heat_pollution/26-05-2013
References
Thanks all
Our Contribution and Awareness Help to Protect Our Natural Environment For Us and Future Generation
