Dictionary of - Publishing and Printing - FTP ISDi

Dictionary of

Publishingand Printing

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Dictionary of

Publishingand Printing

third edition

A & C Black � London

www.acblack.com

This third edition published 2006Second edition published 1997

First published in Great Britain in 1989as Dictionary of Printing and Publishing

A & C Black Publishers Ltd38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB

© P. H. Collin 1989, 1997© A & C Black Publishers Ltd 2006

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproducedin any form or by any means without the permission of the publishers

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN-10: 0 7136 7589 6ISBN-13: 978 0 7136 7589 4

eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0162-9

Text Production and ProofreadingHeather Bateman, Helen Liebeck, Katy McAdam

A & C Black uses paper produced with elemental chlorine-free pulp,harvested from managed sustainable forests.

Text typeset by A & C BlackPrinted in Italy by Legoprint


Preface

This dictionary provides a basic vocabulary of terms used in the publishingand printing industries. It is ideal for all students of publishing and relatedsubjects, as well as those working for the first time in printing, typesetting,production, papermaking, electronic publishing and editorial jobs.

Each headword is explained in clear, straightforward English and quotationsfrom specialist publications show how the words are used in context. Thereare also supplements including proof correction marks, major book prizesand awards, information on copyright and a list of key industry resources onthe Web.

Thanks are due to Angus Phillips for his help and advice during theproduction of this book.

Pronunciation Guide

The following symbols have been used to show the pronunciation of the mainwords in the dictionary.

Stress is indicated by a main stress mark ( � ) and a secondary stress mark ( � ) . Notethat these are only guides, as the stress of the word changes according to its positionin the sentence.

Vowels Consonants� back b buckɑ� harm d deadɒ stop ð othera type d� jumpaυ how f fareaə hire � goldaυə hour h headɔ� course j yellowɔ annoy k cabe head l leaveeə fair m mixe make n nileυ go ŋ sing�� word p printi� keep r resti happy s saveə about ʃ shop fit t takeə near tʃ changeu annual θ theftu� pool v valueυ book w workυə tour x loch' shut � measure

z zone

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AA3A3 adjective European standard sizepaper, twice the size of A4: 297 x 420mm� You must photocopy the spreadsheet onA3 paper.A4A4 adjective European standard sizepaper, 210 x 297mm � We must order somemore A4 headed notepaper.A5A5 adjective European standard sizepaper, half the size of A4: 148 x 210mmAAAA abbreviation author’s alterationsA&IA&I abbreviation abstracting and indexingABAABA abbreviation American Booksellers’Associationabbreviateabbreviate /ə|�bri�viet/ verb to makesomething shorter by leaving out someletters or by using only the first few lettersof each wordabbreviated textabbreviated text /ə|�bri�vietd �tekst/noun text that is shorter than the originalabbreviationabbreviation /ə|�bri�vi |�eʃ(ə)n/ noun ashort form of a wordableable /�eb(ə)l/ adjective quick to learn inan educational environmentabove-the-foldabove-the-fold /ə|�b�v ðə �fəυld/ nounthe part of a webpage which is seen firstwithout having to scroll, and so is preferredfor advertisingabrasion resistanceabrasion resistance /ə|�bre�(ə)n r|

�zstəns/ noun the ability of a surface suchas a printing plate to resist rubbing, withoutshowing scratches or other signs of wearabridgeabridge /ə|�brd�/ verb to make some-thing shorterabridgementabridgement /ə|�brd�mənt/ noun ashortened version of a bookabsorbabsorb /əb |�zɔ�b/ verb 1. to take up liquid� Glossy paper does not absorb ink verywell. 2. to take in a small item so as to formpart of a larger one

absorbencyabsorbency /əb|�zɔ�bənsi/ noun abilityto absorb moisture � The paper has a highabsorbency level.absorbency testabsorbency test /əb |�zɔ�bənsi test/noun a test carried out in a laboratory totest how absorbent a sample of paper is

COMMENT: Paper is a relatively absorbentsubstrate because there are pores inbetween the fibres and mineral particles.Liquids such as oil or water can beabsorbed through these pores. Waterabsorbency and oil absorbency are quitedifferent properties, and as most printinginks are oil-based, the printer is moreconcerned with the oil absorbency of paperthan its water absorbency. Oil absorbencycan be measured using the PIRA SurfaceOil Absorbency Tester (SOAT), the K & Nmethod or the IGT method.

absorbentabsorbent /əb|�zɔ�bənt/ adjective ableto soak up moisture � highly absorbentpaperabsorptionabsorption /əb|�zɔ�pʃən/ noun taking upmoisture � the absorption of ink by thepaperabsorption costingabsorption costing /əb|�zɔ�pʃən�kɒstŋ/ noun a costing method whichtakes into account the time taken and theoverhead costs for each part of a job, ratherthan dealing with the job on a single-costbasisabsorption filterabsorption filter /əb|�zɔ�pʃən �fltə/noun a filter that blocks certain coloursabstractabstract noun /��bstr�kt/ a summaryof the contents of a document � verb /�b|

�str�kt/ to summarise the main points of adocumentabstracting and indexingabstracting and indexing/��bstr�ktŋ ən �ndeksŋ/ noun themaking of summaries and indexes for arti-cles and books. Abbr A&IACAC abbreviation author’s correctionsacademic publishingacademic publishing /��kədemk�p�blʃŋ/ noun a branch of publishing

Publishing.fm Page 1 Thursday, April 6, 2006 1:52 PM

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which focuses on producing books andjournals for higher educationacademyacademy /ə|�k�dəmi/ noun an educa-tional institution devoted to a particularsubjectacceleratoraccelerator /ək |�seləretə/ noun achemical such as borax, used to makephotographic film develop more rapidlyaccentaccent /��ksənt/ noun a mark put aboveor below a letter in writing or printing toshow how it should be pronouncedaccentedaccented /��ksəntd/ adjective with anaccent on itacceptaccept /ək|�sept/ verb to agree to some-thing that is being offered � He acceptedthe estimate for printing. � She hasaccepted our terms. � He will not acceptthe job unless we increase the salary. � toaccept a book for publication to agree topublish a bookacceptableacceptable /ək|�septəb(ə)l/ adjectivesuitable for being accepted � His MS is notacceptable as it stands, and will needrewriting. � The terms of the contract arenot acceptable to the agent.acceptance samplingacceptance sampling /ək |�septəns�sɑ�mplŋ/ noun testing a small part of abatch to see if the whole batch is goodenoughaccessaccess /��kses/ noun the opportunity orright to use something � They were givenaccess to all relevant information. � verbto obtain, examine or be able to reachsomething � You can access this informa-tion in a library or on a computer. � toaccess a computer file to call up and startexamining a computer fileaccess courseaccess course /��kses kɔ�s/ noun acourse of study designed for peoplewithout formal educational qualifications,so that they can gain entry to higher educa-tionaccession numberaccession number /ək |�seʃ(ə)n�n�mbə/ noun a consecutive number usedto identify new additions to a library orcollection in an inventory systemaccessionsaccessions /ək |�seʃ(ə)nz/ plural nounnew books that are added to a libraryaccess numberaccess number /��kses �n�mbə/ nounthe telephone number used to link to anInternet service provider or other networkprovider using a dial-up connectionaccess pointaccess point /��kses pɔnt/ noun atransceiver in a wireless local area networkthat connects a wired local area network to

wireless devices or that connects wirelessdevices to each otheraccess timeaccess time /��kses tam/ noun thetime taken to get into a computer programacclaimedacclaimed /ə |�klemd/ noun popular,well-respected, praised by criticsaccommodation addressaccommodation address /ə |�kɒmə|

�deʃ(ə)n ə|�dres/ noun an address used forreceiving messages but which is not thereal address of the companyaccordion foldaccordion fold /ə |�kɔ�diən fəυld/ noun1. a method of folding a printed sheet inparallel folds, with one fold in one direc-tion, and the next in the other, so that it willunfold sideways 2. a method of foldingcontinuous paper, one page in one direc-tion, the next page in the opposite direc-tion, allowing the paper to be fed into aprinter continuously with no action on thepart of the user � also called concertinafold, fanfoldaccordion insertaccordion insert /ə|�kɔ�diən �ns!�t/noun an insert in a magazine which isfolded in the accordion methodaccountaccount /ə |�kaυnt/ noun 1. a record ofmoney paid or owed � Please send me anitemised account. 2. a customer who doesa large amount of business with a firm andhas an account � He is one of our largestaccounts. � Our salesmen call on their bestaccounts twice a month. � to keep theaccounts to write each sum of money inthe account bookaccountantaccountant /ə|�kaυntənt/ noun a personwhose job is to keep the financial accountsfor a businessaccount bookaccount book /ə |�kaυnt bυk/ noun aledger in which accounts are keptaccount-book bindingaccount-book binding /ə |�kaυnt bυk�bandŋ/ noun a binding style used forbooks that are to be written in, and there-fore must lie flat when openaccount executiveaccount executive /ə|�kaυnt " |

�zekjυtv/ noun an employee who is thelink between the company and particularcustomersaccountingaccounting /ə |�kaυntŋ/ noun theprocess of keeping financial records for acompany or organisationaccounting periodaccounting period /ə|�kaυntŋ�pəriəd/ noun a period of time at the endof which a company’s accounts are closedfor checkingaccounts departmentaccounts department /ə|�kaυnts d|

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a department in a


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company which deals with money paid,received, borrowed or owedaccounts manageraccounts manager /ə|�kaυnts�m�nd�ə/ noun the manager of anaccounts departmentaccounts payableaccounts payable /ə|�kaυnts�peəb(ə)l/ plural noun money owed by acompanyaccounts receivableaccounts receivable /ə |�kaυnts r |

�si�vəb(ə)l/ plural noun money owed to acompanyaccreditedaccredited /ə |�kredtd/ adjectiveappointed by a company to act on its behalfaccurateaccurate /��kjυrət/ adjective capable ofproviding information in accordance withan accepted standardacetateacetate /��stet/ noun transparentplastic used for writing or drawing on, foruse with an overhead projector � Thecolour separations are on acetate.achromaticachromatic /�ekrə|�m�tk/ adjectivewithout any colourachromatic colourachromatic colour /�ekrəm�tk�k�lə/ noun a grey colour within the rangebetween black and white displayed by agraphics adapterachromatic separationsachromatic separations/�ekrəυm�tk �sepə|�reʃ(ə)nz/ pluralnoun colour separations on a scanner byusing the very minimum of primarycolours and adding blackacidacid /��sd/ noun a chemical compoundcontaining hydrogen, which reacts with analkali to form a salt and water and turnslitmus paper redacid-free paperacid-free paper /��sd fri� �pepə/noun paper that has had certain acid chem-icals removed, so that it will not becomeyellow and brittle with ageacid processacid process /��sd �prəυses/ noun theprocess of making chemical paper pulpusing acida circlea circle /�e �s!�k(ə)l/ noun the letter ‘a’with a small circle over it (å), used in someScandinavian languages. Also called aringacknowledgeacknowledge /ək |�nɒld�/ verb toinform the sender that a message or objecthas been receivedacknowledgementacknowledgement /ək|�nɒld�mənt/noun an act of acknowledging something �She sent an acknowledgement of receipt. �They sent a letter of acknowledgement.acknowledgementsacknowledgements /ək |

�nɒld�mənts/ plural noun a piece of textprinted at the beginning of a written docu-

ment thanking people who have helped inits production

COMMENT: The acknowledgements mayalso include references to institutions whichhave given permission to quote copyrightmaterial or to use copyright photographs.The acknowledgements are usually placedafter the verso of the title page and beforethe preface; if short, they can be listed at theend of the preface itself.

acousticacoustic /ə|�ku�stk/ adjective relating tosoundacquireacquire /ə|�kwaə/ verb 1. to obtain orbuy something � to acquire the paperbackrights to a new novel 2. to gain a skillacquisitionacquisition /��kw |�zʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. anobject or item which is obtained,purchased or received as a donation to alibrary 2. the process of learning orobtaining a skill � The acquisition of a newlanguage is a long process.acquisitions editoracquisitions editor /��kw |�zʃ(ə)nz�edtə/, acquiring editor noun a personwho builds up a list by buying books orrights to books from packagers or otherpublishersAcrobatAcrobat /��krəυb�t/ a trademark for afile format developed by Adobe Systems,which describes a graphics, text andindexing system that allows the samescreen image or page layout file to bedisplayed on different hardwareacronymacronym /��krənm/ noun a word madefrom the initial letters of other words, e.g.DIANE Direct Information AccessNetwork Europeactive vocabularyactive vocabulary /��ktv vəυ|

�k�bjυləri/ noun the range of words thatsomebody normally uses in speech orwriting, as opposed to words they under-stand when used by othersactualsactuals /��ktʃuəlz/ plural noun realfiguresacuteacute /ə|�kju�t/ adjective very sharp orclearacute accentacute accent /ə |�kju�t ��ksənt/ noun amark usually over the letter e (é)†to showhow it should be pronouncedadad /�d/ noun same as advertisementadaptadapt /ə |�d�pt/ verb to change a person orthing in order to make it suitable for aspecific purpose � Has the play beenadapted for the cinema? � She adapted thestory for TV.adaptationadaptation /��d�p|�teʃ(ə)n/ noun afilm or play based on a story or noveladapteradapter /ə|�d�ptə/ noun 1. somebodywho adapts a literary work to another


ad banner 4

format, e.g. a novel to a play 2. a devicethat allows two or more incompatibledevices to be connected togetherad bannerad banner /��d �b�nə/ noun same asbanner adad clickad click /��d klk/ noun same as click-throughaddadd /�d/ verb 1. to put figures together tomake a total � to add home and exportsales 2. to put things together to make alarge group � We are adding to the salesforce. � They have added two new lists totheir range of homecare titles.added entryadded entry /��dd �entri/ noun asecondary entry in an index or catalogueaddendumaddendum /ə|�dendəm/ noun an addi-tional section at the end of a documentgiving extra information (NOTE: The pluralis addenda.)additionaddition /ə |�dʃ(ə)n/ noun somethingextra to what is already thereadditionaladditional /ə |�dʃ(ə)nəl/ adjective extraor added � There is no room for any addi-tional text matter. � The agent hasproposed additional clauses to thecontract. � You pay extra for additionalmaterial.additiveadditive /��dtv/ adjective produced byaddingadditive colour mixingadditive colour mixing /��dtv�k�lə �mksŋ/ noun the mixing ofdifferent colours to give the final colourthat is wantedadditive coloursadditive colours /��dtv �k�ləz/,additive primary colours, additiveprimaries plural noun the primary coloursred, green and blue, which when addedtogether form white light, and are used tomake all other colours. Compare subtrac-tive coloursaddressaddress /ə|�dres/ noun 1. details ofwhere somebody lives or where their busi-ness premises are 2. a label, number orname which locates where information isstored � verb to deal with something � Headdressed the problem.addresseeaddressee /��dre|�si�/ noun the personto whom a letter, package or communica-tion is addressedaddressing machineaddressing machine /ə |�dresŋ mə|

�ʃi�n/ noun a machine which putsaddresses on envelopes automaticallyaddress labeladdress label /ə|�dres �leb(ə)l/ noun alabel with an address on itaddress listaddress list /ə |�dres lst/ noun a list ofnames and addresses of people and compa-

nies � We are continually updating ouraddress list of clients in Europe.adhereadhere /əd|�hə/ verb to stick to some-thingadhesionadhesion /əd|�hi��(ə)n/ noun ability tostickadhesiveadhesive /əd|�hi�sv/ noun a substanceused to make things stick together � adjec-tive relating to something that sticks � Theposters are stuck to the back of the standwith adhesive tape. � The display boardshave adhesive backing.adhesive bindingadhesive binding /əd |�hi�sv �bandŋ/noun 1. a type of binding where the foldsof the signatures are trimmed, and notsewn, the cover being glued to the cutpages. Also called perfect binding 2.same as thermoplastic bindingadhesive letteringadhesive lettering /əd|�hi�sv �letərŋ/noun letters with an adhesive backing,used to make display paste-upsadjustadjust /ə|�d��st/ verb to change some-thing to fit new conditions � to adjustprices to take account of inflation � Thetext will be adjusted at page make-upstage. � The pages have been adjusted toallow for the extra material which theauthor has sent in. � noun a feature whichautomatically changes the right-handmargin when new text is insertedadjustmentadjustment /ə |�d��stmənt/ noun aslight change � to make an adjustment tothe page layout � Some adjustment ofprices is needed to take account of risingpaper costs.admanadman /��dm�n/ noun a man whoworks in advertising (informal) � Theadmen are using balloons as promotionalmaterial.adminadmin /��dmn/ noun (informal ) 1.administrative work in an office, especiallypaperwork � There is too much admin inthis job. � The admin people have sent thereport back. 2. the administration staff in acompany � Admin say they need the reportimmediately.administeradminister /əd|�mnstə/ verb to beresponsible for managing a company, insti-tution or countryadministered priceadministered price /əd|�mnstədpras/ noun US a price fixed by a manufac-turer which cannot be varied by a retaileradministrationadministration /əd|�mn|�streʃ(ə)n/noun 1. a group of people who are respon-sible for the management of a company,


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institution or country 2. the range of activ-ities connected with managementadministrativeadministrative /əd|�mnstrətv/ adjec-tive referring to administrationAdobeAdobe /ə|�dəυbi/ a trade name for aleading producer of graphics and desktoppublishing softwareAdobe IllustratorAdobe Illustrator /ə|�dəυbi �ləstretə/a trade name for a vector image and editingsoftware, or a drawing programAdobe InDesignAdobe InDesign /ə|�dəυbi �ndzan/ atrade name for a design and page layoutsoftwareAdobe PagemakerAdobe Pagemaker /ə|�dəυbi�ped�mekə/ a trade name for a designand page layout software, an older form ofAdobe InDesignAdobe PhotoshopAdobe Photoshop /ə|�dəυbi�fəυtəυʃɒp/ a trade name for a rasterimage creation, editing and format transla-tion softwareAdobe Type ManagerAdobe Type Manager /ə |�dəυbi tap�m�nd�ə/ a trade name for a group ofsoftware technology programs used fordescribing scalable fonts. It is mostcommonly used to provide fonts that canbe scaled to almost any point size, andprinted on almost any printer. Abbr ATMadoptadopt /ə|�dɒpt/ verb to accept ideas, plansor attitudes and be willing to carry themoutadoptionadoption /ə|�dɒpʃən/ noun agreementthat a textbook will be used in state schools� The company is hoping for an adoptionin Texas.ADSADS abbreviation advertisement deliverysystemAdshelAdshel /��dʃel/ a trade name for a postersite for advertisements in a bus shelteradultadult /��d�lt/ noun a person who is olderthan a child or over 18 years of age � theadult paperback market � They havestarted a new list of adult nonfiction titles.adult educationadult education /��d�lt �edjυ |

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun courses designed espe-cially for adults outside the formal systemof schoolingadult literacy programmeadult literacy programme /��d�lt�lt(ə)rəsi �prəυ"r�m/ noun a programmeto teach adults to read and writead valorem dutyad valorem duty /��d və|�lɔ�rəm�dju�ti/ noun duty calculated on the salesvalue of goodsadvanceadvance /əd|�vɑ�ns/ noun 1. money paidas a loan or as a part of a payment to bemade later � to pay an author an advance

of £1,000 against a royalty of 10 per cent2. money paid by a publisher to an authorbefore a book is published which will becovered by future royalties � The paper-back houses pay advances of over $50,000to established authors. 3. � in advanceearly or beforemething happens � freightpayable in advance � price fixed inadvance � verb 1. to lend something � Thebank advanced him £100,000 against thesecurity of his house. 2. to make somethinghappen earlier � The publication date hasbeen advanced to May 10th. � The meetingwith the German distributors has beenadvanced from 11.00 to 09.30.

COMMENT: A publishing contract oftenallows an author an advance paymentagainst future royalties; the author will notreceive any further royalties until theamount paid in advance has been earnedby sales of the book. Most advances onroyalties are considered to be non-returnable (i.e., the publisher cannot ask forhis money back if the book does not sell).Some publishers may have reason to askfor an advance back, especially if the authorproduces a MS which is not of publishablequality.

advance blurbadvance blurb /əd|�vɑ�ns �bl!�b/ nouna quote or review which is prepared beforea book or film is released and is used topublicise itadvance copiesadvance copies /əd|�vɑ�ns �kɒpi�z/plural noun copies of a book or of printedsheets, sent by the printer direct to thepublisher’s office, before the bulk stock issent to the warehouse � The marketingdepartment needs twenty advance copiesfor the exhibition. Also called advances,advance sheetsadvance information sheetadvance information sheet /əd |

�vɑ�ns �nfə|�meʃ(ə)n �ʃi�t/ noun fullform of AI1advancesadvances /əd|�vɑ�nsz/ plural noun sameas advance copiesadvance sellingadvance selling /əd |�vɑ�ns �selŋ/noun the selling of a book by a booksellerbefore the official publication date set bythe publisheradvance sheetsadvance sheets /əd |�vɑ�ns �ʃi�ts/ pluralnoun same as advance copiesadverseadverse /��dv!�s/ adjective bad or nothelpful � Adverse publicity about theauthor did not help the sales of the book. �adverse trading conditions bad condi-tions for tradeadvertiseadvertise /��dvətaz/ verb to announcethat something is for sale, that a job isvacant or that a service is offered � to


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advertise a vacancy in the productiondepartment � The author has phoned toask what we are doing to advertise his newtitle.advertisementadvertisement /əd|�v!�tsmənt/ noun anotice giving information that something isfor sale, that a job or service is beingoffered or that somebody wants something� to put an advertisement in the paperadvertisement delivery systemadvertisement delivery system /əd |

�v!�tsmənt d|�lv(ə)ri �sstəm/ noun adigital file format used in the transmissionof mono and colour images. Abbr ADSadvertisement manageradvertisement manager /əd |

�v!�tsmənt �m�nd�ə/ noun themanager in charge of the advertisementsection of a newspaperadvertisement pageadvertisement page /əd |�v!�tsməntped�/ noun a page facing the title page ofa book, which may have a list of otherworks in the same series or by the sameauthoradvertisement paneladvertisement panel /əd |�v!�tsmənt�p�n(ə)l/ noun a specially-designed largeadvertising space in a newspaperadvertiseradvertiser /��dvətazə/ noun a personor company that advertises things � Theadvertisers will complain if circulationdrops.advertisingadvertising /��dvətazŋ/ noun the actof telling people about products or eventsin order to make them want to buy them ortake partadvertising agencyadvertising agency /��dvətazŋ�ed�ənsi/ noun a company that plans,designs and manages advertising for othercompaniesadvertising budgetadvertising budget /��dvətazŋ�b�d�t/ noun money planned forspending on advertisingadvertising campaignadvertising campaign /��dvətazŋk�m |�pen/ noun same as publicitycampaignadvertising copyadvertising copy /��dvətazŋ �kɒpi/noun text written for an advertisementadvertising manageradvertising manager /��dvətazŋ�m�nd�ə/ noun the manager in charge ofadvertising a company’s productsadvertising mediumadvertising medium /��dvətazŋ�mi�diəm/ noun a type of advertisementsuch as a TV commercialadvertising ratesadvertising rates /��dvətazŋ rets/plural noun the amount of money chargedfor advertising space in a newspaper oradvertising time on TV

advertising spaceadvertising space /��dvətazŋspes/ noun space in a newspaper set asidefor advertisementsadvertorialadvertorial /��dv!�|�tɔ�riəl/ noun text ina magazine which is not written by theeditorial staff but by an advertiseradviceadvice /əd |�vas/ noun an opinion as towhat action to take � to take legal adviceto ask a lawyer to say what should be done� The advice of the libel lawyer was to goahead and publish. � We took theaccountant’s advice and sent the docu-ments to the police.advice noteadvice note /əd |�vas nəυt/ noun awritten notice to a customer giving detailsof goods ordered and shipped but not yetdeliveredadviseadvise /əd |�vaz/ verb 1. to tell somebodyabout something � We are advised that theshipment will arrive next week. � He wasadvised that some of the material in thebook could be libellous. 2. to suggest tosomebody what should be done � Theaccountant advised us to send the docu-ments to the police.advise againstadvise against /əd|�vaz ə |�"enst/ verbto suggest that something should not bedone � The lawyers advised againstpublishing the MP’s memoirs.adviseradviser /əd |�vazə/, advisor noun aperson who suggests what should be done� He is consulting the company’s legaladviser.advisoryadvisory /əd |�vaz(ə)ri/ adjective as anadviser � He is acting in an advisorycapacity.advisory boardadvisory board /əd|�vaz(ə)ri �bɔ�d/noun a group of advisorsA format paperbackA format paperback /�e �fɔ�m�t�pepəb�k/ noun a paperback with theformat 178 x 111mmafterwordafterword /�ɑ�ftəw!�d/ noun a shortpiece of text placed at the end of a booksometimes used for a note about the author,especially if the author has died since thefirst printing of the bookagainst the grainagainst the grain /ə|�"enst ðə �"ren/adjective feeding paper into a printingpress and printing on it across the grain ofthe paperagateagate /��"ət/ noun a former type sizeequal to five and a half points, still used inthe USAagate lineagate line /��"ət lan/ noun US ameasure of page space, e.g. in classified


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advertising, one column wide and 1.8 mmdeepaged debtor reportaged debtor report /�ed�d �detə r |

�pɔ�t/ noun a computer report listingdebtors, showing the length of time theirpayments are overdueagencyagency /�ed�ənsi/ noun 1. the job ofrepresenting another company in an area,or an office that does this job � They signedan agency agreement. 2. an office or busi-ness that arranges things for other compa-niesagentagent /�ed�ənt/ noun somebody whoarranges work or business for other peoplefor a feeagent’s commissionagent’s commission /�ed�ənts kə |

�mʃ(ə)n/ noun money, usually apercentage of sales, paid to an agentaggregatoraggregator /��"r"etə/ noun a piece ofsoftware which receives information fromdifferent sources and displays it on adesktopAGMAGM abbreviation Annual GeneralMeetingagreed priceagreed price /ə|�"ri�d �pras/ noun aprice that has been accepted by both thebuyer and selleragreementagreement /ə|�"ri�mənt/ noun a formaldocument stating what two or more peoplehave decided togetheragree withagree with /ə|�"ri� wð/ verb 1. to saythat your opinions are the same as some-body else’s � I agree with the chairmanabout the need to boost sales. 2. to be thesame as � The auditors’ figures do notagree with those produced by the theaccounts department. � The figures forsales by title do not agree with reps’ salesby area.AIAI1 /�e �a/ noun a document that is puttogether by a publishing company toprovide sales and marketing informationabout a book before publication. Full formadvance information sheetAIAI2 abbreviation artificial intelligenceairair /eə/ noun 1. the white space on aprinted page � We need to give the textsome more air. 2. a method of travelling orsending goods using aircraft � to send ashipment by airairbrushairbrush /�eə|�br�ʃ/ noun a machine thatuses compressed air to spray ink or paint �He uses an airbrush to create soft back-ground effects. � verb to paint using anairbrush

air cargoair cargo /�eə �kɑ�"əυ/ noun goods sentby airair-dried paperair-dried paper /�eə drad �pepə/ noungood-quality paper made and dried slowlyin air, instead of being passed over heatedrollersair forwardingair forwarding /�eə �fɔ�wədŋ/ noun theact of arranging for goods to be shipped byairair freightair freight /�eə fret/ noun a method ofshipping goods in an aircraftairfreightairfreight /�eəfret/ verb to send goodsby air � to airfreight a consignment toMexico � We airfreighted the shipmentbecause our agent ran out of stock.air freight chargesair freight charges /�eə fret�tʃɑ�d�z/, air freight rates /�eə fret�rets/ plural noun money charged forsending goods by airair letterair letter /�eə �letə/ noun a special sheetof thin blue paper which when folded canbe sent by airmail without an envelopeairmailairmail /�eəmel/ noun a system of trans-porting letters and packages by air � verbto send letters or parcels by air � to airmaila document to New Yorkairport editionairport edition /�eəpɔ�t |�dʃ(ə)n/ nouna large-format paperback version of a newbook, which may be available to buy in anairport shop several weeks before its offi-cial publication dateairport fictionairport fiction /�eəpɔ�t �fkʃ(ə)n/ nouna type of fiction which sells well atairports, generally because does not dealwith serious subjects and is therefore easyto read on a plane journey or on holidayairtightairtight /�eətat/ adjective not allowingair to get in � The goods are packed inairtight containers.ALAALA abbreviation American LibraryAssociationAlbion pressAlbion press /��lbiən pres/ noun amake of solid old hand press, made of castiron, still used for printing lithographs andother fine art printing workalbumalbum /��lbəm/ noun a collection inbook form of short literary or musicalpieces or picturesalbum paperalbum paper /��lbəm �pepə/ nounthick paper with an antique finish, used formaking the pages of photograph albumsaliasingaliasing /�eliəsŋ/ noun jagged edges ona curved line in an image that appear whenit is enlargedalignalign /ə|�lan/ verb to place two objectsside by side in a line


aligning edge 8aligning edgealigning edge /ə|�lanŋ ed�/ noun theedge of an optical character recognitionsystem used to position a documentalignmentalignment /ə|�lanmənt/ noun theordering of lines of type relative to amargin or line � in alignment correctlyalignedall capsall caps /�ɔ�l �k�ps/ adjective of text, setentirely in uppercase lettersall expenses paidall expenses paid /�ɔ�l k|�spensz�ped/ adjective with all costs paid by thecompany � an all expenses paid trip to aconference in San Franciscoalleyalley /��li/ noun a white space betweentwo columns of textall-inall-in /�ɔ�l �n/ adjective including every-thingall in handall in hand /�ɔ�l n �h�nd/ adjectiverelating to a typesetting job which is withthe compositorsall-in priceall-in price /�ɔ�l n �pras/, all-in rate/�ɔ�l n �ret/ noun the price of somethingwhich covers all items in the purchase suchas goods, delivery, tax and insuranceall rights reservedall rights reserved /�ɔ�l �rats r|

�z!�vd/ phrase printed on books and docu-ments to show that they are subject tocopyrightall upall up /�ɔ�l ��p/ adjective relating to atypesetting job where the compositorshave finished setting the copyalphabetalphabet /��lfəbet/ noun a set of lettersor symbols in a fixed order used for writingthe words of a languagealphabeticalalphabetical /��lfə |�betk(ə)l/ adjectivein the same order as the letters of thealphabetalphabetical indexalphabetical index /��lfəbetk(ə)l�ndeks/ noun an index where the itemsare listed in the order of the letters of thealphabetalphabeticallyalphabetically /��lfə |�betkli/ adverb inalphabetical order � The files are arrangedalphabetically under the customer’s name.alphabetical orderalphabetical order /��lfəbetk(ə)l�ɔ�də/ noun arrangement according to theusual order of letters in an alphabet � Theauthors’ names are given in alphabeticalorder.alphabetic character setalphabetic character set /��lfəbetk�k�rktə �set/ noun characters, both capi-tals and small letters, that make up thealphabetalphabetic shiftalphabetic shift /��lfəbetk �ʃft/noun the shift key which activates theletters on an alphanumeric pad

alphabetisealphabetise /��lfəbetaz/, alphabetizeverb to sort into alphabetical orderalphabet lengthalphabet length /��lfəbet leŋθ/ nounthe space taken by the 26 lower case lettersof the alphabet in a particular typeface,measured in pointsalphamosaicalphamosaic /��lfəməυ|�zek/ adjec-tive a very basic character set used in low-resolution graphics display mediums suchas teletextalphanumeric charactersalphanumeric characters/��lfənjυmerk �k�rktəz/, alphanu-merics /��lfənjυ|�merks/ plural nounletters and Arabic numerals, and othersigns such as punctuation marks. Alsocalled alphanumeric setalphanumeric dataalphanumeric data /��lfənjυmerk�detə/ noun data shown by the letters ofthe alphabet and the Arabic numeralsalphanumeric displayalphanumeric display/��lfənjυmerk d |�sple/ noun a displaydevice able to show characters as well asnumbersalphanumeric keyboardalphanumeric keyboard/��lfənjυmerk �ki�bɔ�d/ noun akeyboard containing character keys as wellas numerical keysalphanumeric setalphanumeric set /��lfənjυ |�merkset/ noun same as alphanumeric charac-tersalphaphotographicalphaphotographic /��lfəfəυtəυ|

�"r�fk/ adjective representing picturesusing predefined characters, for teletextservicesalpha pulpalpha pulp /��lfə p�lp/ noun wood pulpwith almost all the cellulose removedalphasortalphasort /��lfə |�sɔ�t/ verb to sort datainto alphabetical orderalteralter /�ɔ�ltə/ verb to changealterationalteration /�ɔ�ltə |�reʃ(ə)n/ noun achange which is made � He made somealterations to the print specifications. �The agreement was signed without anyalterations. � The proofs were passed forpress with no alterations.

COMMENT: An alteration is a change madeby the author or publisher to a proof, wherethere is no error on the part of the printer.Changes to correct errors made by theprinter are called ‘corrections’.

alternate selectionalternate selection /ɔ�l |�t!�nət s |

�lekʃən/ noun a book which is the secondchoice offered to book club membersALT tagALT tag /�ɔ�lt t�"/ noun a piece of textattached to an image on a webpage, whichis displayed when graphics are unavailableor have been turned off


9 aniline dyeAmazon

Amazon /��məzən/ a trade name for aleading online seller of books, CDs DVDsand other productsambient media

ambient media /��mbiənt �mi�diə/noun advertising media outdoors, e.g.posters, advertisements on the sides ofbuses, etc.amend

amend /ə|�mend/ verb to change some-thing written or saidamendment

amendment /ə |�mendmənt/ noun some-thing that is added to a written or verbalstatement in order to change itAmerican

American /ə |�merkən/ adjective refer-ring to the United States of America � Sheis asking for American paperback rights. �The American edition is not for sale inEurope.American Booksellers’ Association

American Booksellers’ Associa-tion /ə|�merkən �bυkseləz ə |

�səυsieʃ(ə)n/ noun an organisation repre-senting American booksellers, whichsponsors an annual convention at whichpublishing companies have stands showingtheir new titles. Abbr ABA (NOTE: Thebook fair sponsored by the ABA, andformerly also called ‘the ABA’, haschanged its name to BookExpo America.)American groove

American groove /ə|�merkən "ru�v/noun a joint in binding, where space is leftbetween the board and the spine to allowthe book to open flat. Also called FrenchgrooveAmericanisation

Americanisation /ə|�merkəna|

�zeʃ(ə)n/, Americanization nounchanging the spelling and style of a bookwritten in English from British to Amer-ican English (NOTE: The reverse process isBriticisation.)Americanise

Americanise /ə|�merkənaz/, Ameri-canize verb to change the spelling andstyle of a book written in English fromBritish to American. � British traditionalmarket

COMMENT: American rights are thepermission given by a publisher fromoutside the USA to an American publisherto publish an American edition of a work;this usually includes the right to publish thebook in Canada. In the case of works firstpublished in Great Britain, the rights willcover the Americanisation of the spellingand syntax. It is sometimes not easy for aBritish publisher to limit the market for anAmerican edition to the USA alone, or toprevent the edition from being sold inmarkets outside the UK where Americanpublishing companies have a strongmarketing presence, such as Australia.

American Library AssociationAmerican Library Association /ə|

�merkən �labrəri ə|�səυsieʃ(ə)n/ nounthe oldest and largest library association inthe world for the support of qualifiedlibrarians and information workers. AbbrALAAmerican Publishers AssociationAmerican Publishers Association/ə|�merkən �p�blʃəz ə |�səυsieʃ(ə)n/noun an organisation that represents Amer-ican publishers. Abbr APAAmerican Sign LanguageAmerican Sign Language /ə|

�merkən �san �l�ŋ"wd�/ noun asystem of communication used by peoplewith impaired hearing that uses motions orgestures of the hands. Abbr ASLAmerican Standard Code for Information InterchangeAmerican Standard Code for Infor-mation Interchange /ə |�merkən�st�ndəd kəυd fər �nfəmeʃ(ə)n�ntətʃend�/ noun a computer codewhich represents alphanumeric charactersas binary code. Abbr ASCIIampersandampersand /��mpəs�nd/ noun asymbol (&) meaning ‘and’analogue proofanalogue proof /��n(ə)lɒ" pru�f/ nouna proof which very closely approximatesthe actual appearance and finish of theprinted pageanalyseanalyse /��nəlaz/ verb to examine asituation in detail in order to understand itbetteranalysisanalysis /ə |�n�ləss/ noun the process ofexamining something in detailanalystanalyst /��nəlst/ noun a person whoanalyses dataancestral fileancestral file /�n|�sestrəl �fal/ noun asystem of backing up computer files, fromson to father to grandfather file, where theson is the current working fileanecdotalanecdotal /��nk|�dəυt(ə)l/ adjectiveconsisting of or based on second-handaccounts rather than first-hand knowledgeor scientific investigationangleangle /��ŋ"əl/ noun a corner where twosides joinangle barsangle bars /��ŋ"əl bɑ�z/ plural nounmetal rods on a rotary press which turn theweb of paper so that it is running in adifferent direction. Also called turner barsangle bracketsangle brackets /��ŋ"əl �br�kts/plural noun signs ([ and ]) used in mathe-matical settingangle cutterangle cutter /��ŋ"əl �k�tə/ noun amachine for cutting paper from a reelaniline dyeaniline dye /��nlan da/ nounsynthetic dye made from a benzene base


aniline foil 10aniline foilaniline foil /��nlan fɔl/ noun a foilused in blocking covers, which containsaniline dyesaniline inkaniline ink /��nlan ŋk/ noun a type ofquick-drying inkanilo rolleranilo roller /��nləυ �rəυlə/ noun aroller used in flexography to apply anilineinkanimal tub-sizedanimal tub-sized /��nm(ə)l sazd�pepə/ adjective referring to paper whichhas been treated by passing it through abath of gelatine. Abbr ATSann.ann. abbreviation annalsannalannal /��n(ə)l/ noun a periodical thatrecords events and reports in a field ofresearchannalsannals /��n(ə)lz/ plural noun history ingeneral, as it is recorded in books and otherdocumentsannexeannexe noun /��neks/ 1. an appendix,epilogue or other additional materialattached to a larger document 2. US asupplement to a specialised book � verb /ə|

�neks/ to attach something such as a docu-mentannotateannotate /��nətet/ verb to add notes tosomething written in order to explain itmore fullyannotated bibliographyannotated bibliography /��nətetd�bbli|�ɒ"rəfi/ noun a bibliography withnotesannotated textannotated text /��nətetd �tekst/noun text with notes written by an editorannotationannotation /��nə |�teʃ(ə)n/ noun a notewritten to explain items in a textannounceannounce /ə|�naυns/ verb to tell some-thing to the public � The publishing househas announced its titles for the Spring list.� The results of the literary prize will beannounced next week.announcementannouncement /ə|�naυnsmənt/ nounthe act of telling something to the public �The company delayed the announcement ofits spring publishing programme.annualannual /��njuəl/ adjective 1. happeningonce a year 2. coming out once a year �noun a book that is published and updatedonce a yearannual accountsannual accounts /��njuəl ə|�kaυnts/plural noun accounts prepared at the end ofa financial yearAnnual General MeetingAnnual General Meeting /��njuəl�d�en(ə)rəl �mi�tŋ/ noun a meeting of allthe shareholders, when the company’sfinancial situation is discussed with thedirectors. Abbr AGM

annuallyannually /��njuəli/ adverb each year �Our prices are raised annually on March1st.annual reportannual report /��njuəl r|�pɔ�t/ noun areport of a company’s financial situation atthe end of a year, sent to all the share-holdersanodised plateanodised plate /��nədazd �plet/noun a plate used in offset printing, whichis specially coated to prevent wearanonanon /ə |�nɒn/ abbreviation anonymousanonymanonym /��nənm/ noun a publicationwhose author is unnamed or unknownanonymousanonymous /ə|�nɒnməs/ adjective ofunknown name or authorshipansweranswer /�ɑ�nsə/ noun a reply or letterwritten following an order; publishers’answers are usually computerised, and takethe form of recognised abbreviations, suchas RP/ND or OPantedateantedate /��nt |�det/ verb to put anearlier date on a document � The invoicewas antedated to January 1st.anthologiseanthologise /�n|�θɒləd�az/, antholo-gize verb 1. to gather works from differentwriters, musicians or artists into a collec-tion 2. to compile or publish an anthologyanthologyanthology /�n |�θɒləd�i/ noun a bookthat consists of essays, stories or poems bydifferent writersanthology pieceanthology piece /�n |�θɒləd�i pi�s/noun a poem or passage which appearsfrequently in anthologiesanti-aliasinganti-aliasing /��nti �eliəsŋ/ noun theprocess of reducing the effects of jaggededges in graphics by using shades of greyto blend in along edges. Also called dejag-ginganti-dumpinganti-dumping /��nti �d�mpŋ/ adjec-tive protecting a country against dumping �anti-dumping legislationanti-halation backinganti-halation backing /��nti hə |

�leʃ(ə)n �b�kŋ/ noun backing to a filmwhich prevents caused by reflection fromthe emulsion causing a halo effect on theimageantimonyantimony /��ntməni/ noun a metalwhich forms part of the alloy used in metaltype

COMMENT: The other metals in the alloy arelead and tin. Antimony is added to make thealloy harder, and better able to make verythin lines.

AntiquaAntiqua /�n |�ti�kwə/ noun a Germanname for roman typefaceantiquarianantiquarian /��nt|�kweəriən/ adjectiverelating to or dealing with antiques or


11 APR plate

antiquities, especially rare and old books.Abbr antiq. � noun a very large size ofhandmade paperantiquarian booksellerantiquarian bookseller /��nt|

�kweəriən �bυk|�selə/ noun a booksellerwho specialises in expensive old booksantique faceantique face /�n |�ti�k fes/ noun one ofa range of old-style typefacesantique finishantique finish /�n |�ti�k �fnʃ/ nounpaper with a rough surface which looks asif it is handmade, or any bulky rough-finished paperantique laid paperantique laid paper /�n|�ti�k �led�pepə/ noun fine paper which imitates oldhandmade paper, with watermarks in theform of fine straight lines across the paperand thick lines along the grain. Also calledlaid paperanti-setoffanti-setoff /��nti �setɒf/ adjectivepreventing the ink of one page staining thefacing pageanti-setoff paperanti-setoff paper /��nti �setɒf �pepə/noun thin transparent paper put betweenthe pages of an expensive illustrated bookanti-setoff sprayanti-setoff spray /��nti �setɒf �spre/noun fine powder used on a press toprevent set-off between sheetsanycastanycast /�enikɑ�st/ noun an act ofsending data across a computer networkfrom a single user to the nearest receiverAPAP abbreviation PUBL Associated Pressa.p.a.p. abbreviation PUBL author’s proofapertureaperture /��pətʃə/ noun a partially-enclosed rounded white space in a lettersuch as ‘c’ or ‘S’apexapex /�epeks/ noun the top part of a char-acter such as a capital ‘A’, where thestrokes meetapostropheapostrophe /ə |�pɒstrəfi/ noun a punctu-ation mark which indicates either contrac-tion or possessionapp.app. abbreviation PUBL appendixapparent densityapparent density /ə|�p�rənt �densti/noun the weight of a particular volume ofpaper, calculated by dividing the basicweight by the thicknessappealappeal /ə|�pi�l/ noun 1. the attractivenessof something which makes it popular � Theillustrations have a lot to do with thebook’s continuing appeal. 2. a request forsomething to be reconsidered � verb toattract somebody � These titles shouldappeal to the under-25 market. � The ideaof working in Australia for six monthsappealed to her.

appearappear /ə|�pə/ verb 1. to be published �The book is advertised to appear in thespring. � The second volume will appearshortly. 2. to seem � The companyappeared to be doing well.appearing sizeappearing size /ə|�pərŋ saz/ nounthe size of a printed character on the page,not the same as body size (NOTE: Themaximum appearing size of a face is thedistance between the ascender anddescender lines. The body size is indicatedby points, and the appearing size may beseveral points smaller.)appendappend /ə|�pend/ verb to add extra infor-mation to something, especially to a docu-mentappendixappendix /ə|�pendks/ noun a section atthe end of a document giving extra infor-mation (NOTE: The plural is appendices /ə|

�pendsi�z/ .)COMMENT: Appendices are always printedat the back of a book, always starting on aright-hand page. They must be laid out in away which shows clearly that they are notpart of the main text.

Apple MacApple Mac /��p(ə)l m�k/, AppleMacintosh computer a trade name for arange of personal computers developed byApple Inc. that has a graphical user inter-face.appletapplet /��plət/ noun a small applicationprogram on the Internet designed toenhance the functionality of a webpageapplication formapplication form /��pl |�keʃ(ə)n�fɔ�m/ noun a standardised form to befilled in when applying for somethingapprovalapproval /ə|�pru�v(ə)l/ noun agreement �All jackets must be submitted to theauthor’s agent for approval.approval copyapproval copy /ə|�pru�v(ə)l �kɒpi/ nounan inspection copy of a book sent to ateacher which may be kept withoutpayment if a class set of the book isordered for the studentsapproveapprove /ə |�pru�v/ verb to agree to � toapprove the terms of a contractapronapron /�eprən/ noun 1. in paper making,a strip of rubber at the end of a flow box toclose the gap beneath the wire mesh 2. USan extra wide margin on a page which hasa fold-outAPR plateAPR plate /�e pi� �ɑ� �plet/ noun aprinting plate made from photopolymerresin, used in flexography and rotary letter-press. Full form Asahi PhotopolymerResin plate


aquatint 12aquatint

aquatint /��kwətnt/ noun 1. a printingprocess using a copper plate, which isetched to produce halftones 2. a print madein this wayAR

AR abbreviation aspect ratioArabic numerals

Arabic numerals /��rəbk�nju�mərəl/, Arabic numbers /��rəbk�n�mbəz/, Arabic figures /��rəbk�f"əz/ plural noun normal numbers (suchas 1, 2, 3, etc.) as opposed to Romannumerals (I, II, III, IV, etc.) � The pagenumbers are written in Arabic figures.archetype

archetype /�ɑ�ktap/ noun a documentor book that illustrates the styles of aparticular time and subjectarchitecture

architecture /�ɑ�ktektʃə/ noun theplanning and design of buildings orsystemsarchival paper

archival paper /�ɑ�kav(ə)l �pepə/noun special acid-free paper used forimportant documents such as wills, whichmay have to be kept for a very long timearchive

archive /�ɑ�kav/ noun 1. a public record,document or photograph of historicalinterest kept in an official repository 2. acollection of documents and recordsrelating to the history of an organisation �verb to put data in storagearchived copy

archived copy /�ɑ�kavd �kɒpi/ noun acopy of something such as a computer fileor a book kept in storagearchive file

archive file /�ɑ�kav fal/ noun a filecontaining data which is out of date, butwhich is kept for future referencearchives

archives /�ɑ�kavz/ plural noun docu-ments relating to an organisation, person orcompany, kept for many years � Thecompany’s archives contain documentsreferring to the founders of the company inthe 18th century.area

area /�eəriə/ noun a space in a buildingsuch as a library, designated for a particularpurpose, e.g. a reference areaarea composition

area composition /�eəriə�kɒmpəzʃ(ə)n/ noun the composition ofpages so that as many elements as possibleare in place to reduce or eliminate pagemake-uparea fill

area fill /�eəriə fl/ noun a graphicsinstruction to fill an area of the screen or anenclosed pattern with a colour or patternarea graph

area graph /�eəriə "rɑ�f/ noun a linegraph in which the area below the line isfilled with a pattern or colour

area layoutarea layout /�eəriə �leaυt/ noun alayout of the printing area of a page, madeup during area make-uparea managerarea manager /�eəriə �m�nd�ə/ nouna manager who is responsible for a part ofthe countrya ringa ring /�e rŋ/ noun same as a circlearmarm /ɑ�m/ noun a horizontal stroke on acharacter which is unconnected to anotherstroke at one end, such as the middle bar in‘f’arrowarrow /��rəυ/ noun a printing sign whichpoints in a particular directionarrowheadarrowhead /��rəυhed/ noun a printedsign which is usually used to show a cross-referenceartart /ɑ�t/ noun creative work such aspainting, drawing, music or sculptureart boardart board /�ɑ�t bɔ�d/ noun shiny wood-free coated card used for colour coversart bookart book /�ɑ�t bυk/ noun a book withillustrations, dealing with a painter,sculptor, style of design or other art topicart departmentart department /�ɑ�t d|�pɑ�tmənt/noun the section of a publishing companythat deals with illustrations or book jacketsarticlearticle /�ɑ�tk(ə)l/ noun 1. a piece ofwriting in a newspaper or magazine 2. amessage sent to an electronic newsgrouparticles of associationarticles of association /�ɑ�tk(ə)lzəv ə|�səυsi|�eʃ(ə)n/, articles of incorpo-ration /�ɑ�tk(ə)lz əv n|�kɔ�pə |�reʃ(ə)n/plural noun a document that regulates theway in which a company’s affairs aremanaged � This procedure is not allowedunder the articles of association of thecompany.articles of partnershiparticles of partnership /�ɑ�tk(ə)lzəv �pɑ�tnəʃp/ plural noun a documentthat sets up the legal conditions of a part-nershipartificial intelligenceartificial intelligence /�ɑ�tfʃ(ə)l n|

�teld�əns/ noun the design and develop-ment of computers which attempt toimitate some human characteristics. AbbrAIartistartist /�ɑ�tst/ noun a person who createsartwork for use in a bookart paperart paper /�ɑ�t �pepə/ noun shiny paper,coated on one or both sides with china clayand size, used for illustrations, especiallyhalftonesart publisherart publisher /�ɑ�t �p�blʃə/ noun apublisher who specialises in art books


13 asteriskartworkartwork /�ɑ�tw!�k/ noun drawings,photographs and text prepared for inclu-sion in a book or advertisement. Abbr a/wAsahi Photopolymer Resin plateAsahi Photopolymer Resin platefull form of APR plateascenderascender /ə|�sendə/ noun 1. the part of alower case letter such as h, d or b thatprojects above the body of the letter 2. alower case letter with an ascenderascender lineascender line /ə|�sendə lan/ noun aline marking the top of the ascenders in arow of type, slightly higher than the caplineascending letterascending letter /ə|�sendŋ �letə/ nouna letter that has an ascender, such as ‘b’, ‘d’or ‘l’ASCIIASCII /��ski/ abbreviation AmericanStandard Code for Information Inter-changeASCII characterASCII character /��ski �k�rktə/ nouna character which is in the ASCII list ofcodesASCII fileASCII file /��ski fal/ noun a stored filecontaining only ASCII coded characterdata � Make an ASCII file of the documentfor clients who use different word-processing software.ASCII keyboardASCII keyboard /��ski �ki�bɔ�d/ nouna keyboard which gives all the ASCII char-actersA seriesA series /�e �səri�z/, A sizes pluralnoun ISO recommended internationalstandard sizes of paper, also used for sizesof computer screen. � B series, C series

COMMENT: A sizes of paper are based onthe largest size (A0), which is 1189 x841mm; folded once, this gives A1 (841 x594mm), which if folded once gives A2 (594x 420mm), and so on.

aspect ratioaspect ratio /��spekt �reʃiəυ/ nounthe ratio of the width to the height of anillustration, used especially in computergraphics. Abbr ARASPICASPIC /��spk/ noun a set of codesadopted by the BPIF as standard formarking up text. Full form author’sstandard pre-press interfacing codeassembleassemble /ə |�semb(ə)l/ verb 1. to bringthe parts of a collection together 2. to fit theparts of something together to make itwholeassemblyassembly /ə|�sembli/ noun the process orresult of putting together the various partsof an item � They put in an estimate for theassembly of the learning kits. � The editorwants to check the page assembly of thefilm positives.

asset valueasset value /��set �v�lju�/ noun thevalue of a company calculated by addingtogether all its assetsassignassign /ə|�san/ verb to allocate a task toa person or send somebody to work in aparticular place

COMMENT: If an author assigns thecopyright in his work to someone else,usually for a fee, this means that he nolonger has any interest in the work. In somecases (such as where the book sells badly)this is a better deal for the author than anormal publishing agreement, where theauthor licenses a publisher to publish hiswork against payment of a royalty. Theoutright purchase of a copyright wascommon until the 20th century, and is stillpractised by some publishers.

assigneeassignee /��sa|�ni�/ noun a person whoreceives something that has been assignedassignmentassignment /ə |�sanmənt/ noun a taskoften given as part of a programme ofstudyassignorassignor /��sa |�nɔ�/ noun a person whoassigns a right to somebodyassistassist /ə|�sst/ verb to help somebody,e.g. by giving them informationassistantassistant /ə|�sst(ə)nt/ noun somebodywho is employed to help another in theirworkassistant editorassistant editor /ə|�sst(ə)nt �edtə/noun a deputy who can replace an editorwhen he or she is awayassociateassociate /ə |�səυsiət/ noun somebodyyou work withassociate directorassociate director /ə|�səυsiət da |

�rektə/ noun a director who attends boardmeetings, but has not been elected by theshareholdersassociationassociation /ə |�səυsi |�eʃ(ə)n/ noun agroup of people or of companies with thesame interest � a book trade association �a printers’ associationassociation copyassociation copy /ə |�səυsi|�eʃ(ə)n�kɒpi/ noun a copy of a book which has aconnection with the author, e.g. a copygiven by the author to a friend or theauthor’s own copy with his or her notes initassortmentassortment /ə |�sɔ�tmənt/ noun a mixedlot of bargain books, with books on varioussubjects often all sold at the same priceasteriskasterisk /��stərsk/ noun a symbol inthe form of a star (*) used to mark things tobe noted � verb to mark something with anasterisk or a star-shaped symbol, especiallyto draw attention to it


asterisked 14asteriskedasterisked /��st(ə)rskt/ adjective withan asterisk attached � The asterisked titlesare also available in hardback.asterismasterism /��st!�rz(ə)m/ noun atriangle formed of three asterisks whichcalls the reader’s attention to a followingpassageas to pressas to press /�əz tυ �pres/ adjectivereferring to proofs of a colour magazinewhich show the correct position of thecolour workasymmetric typographyasymmetric typography/��smetrk ta |�pɒ"rəfi/ noun a typo-graphic style which achieves strength andliveliness by ranging left or right andavoiding centred linesasymmetryasymmetry /� |�smətri/ noun a lack ofsymmetry or lack of balance between twopartsasynchronousasynchronous /e|�sŋkrənəs/ adjec-tive not needing to be synchronisedasynchronous transfer modeasynchronous transfer mode /e|

�sŋkrənəs �tr�nsf!� �məυd/ noun amethod for transferring data very quicklyusing broadband. Abbr ATMatlasatlas /��tləs/ noun a book of mapsATMATM abbreviation 1. Adobe TypeManager 2. asynchronous transfer modeATSATS abbreviation animal tub-sizedattendantattendant /ə |�tendənt/ noun somebodyemployed to serve or help members of thepublic in a public institution or placeattributeattribute /��trbju�t/ noun a single bitthat defines whether the font has a partic-ular characteristic, e.g. whether it isdisplayed in normal, bold or underlinedauctionauction /�ɔ�kʃən/ noun the selling ofrights in a book where publishers offerbids, and the book is sold to the person whomakes the highest offer � The rightsmanager has announced that there will bean auction for the film rights. � verb to sellsomething at an auction � The paperbackrights were auctioned for $500,000. � Thecopy of the Gutenberg Bible was auctionedfor more than $10 million.audiovisualaudiovisual /�ɔ�diəυ �v�uəl/ adjective1. relating to sound and vision, especiallywhen combined, e.g. in a presentationusing both film and sound recordings �audiovisual media 2. relating to hearingand seeing � an audiovisual experienceAbbr AVaudiovisual aidaudiovisual aid /�ɔ�diəυv�uəl �ed/noun a teaching or lecture aid thatcombines sound and vision, e.g. in the

form of video equipment, softwareprograms or slides accompanied by soundrecordingsaudiovisual materialsaudiovisual materials /�ɔ�diəυv�uəlmə |�təriəlz/ plural noun materials that canbe listened to and looked at, such as CDs orslides with recorded speechauditaudit /�ɔ�dt/ verb to examine somethingofficially to make sure it is correct � nounan examination of the books and accountsof a company � to carry out the annualauditauditingauditing /�ɔ�dtŋ/ noun the act of exam-ining the books and accounts of a companyauditorauditor /�ɔ�dtə/ noun a person whoaudits books and accounts � The AGMappoints the company’s auditors.audit trailaudit trail /�ɔ�dt trel/ noun 1. a recordof all interactions with a system, kept toassess the level of use 2. a record showingwhat operations a computer or computeruser has performed in a specific period oftimeAugustijnAugustijn /ɔ� |�"�stn/ noun a 12 pointtype unit used in the Netherlands, corre-sponding to the UK pica emauthenticauthentic /ɔ�|�θentk/ adjective known tobe real and not a copyauthenticateauthenticate /ɔ�|�θentket/ verb to saythat something is trueauthenticityauthenticity /�ɔ�θen|�tsti/ noun thequality of being authenticauthorauthor /�ɔ�θə/ noun somebody whowrites books or articles � verb 1. to be theauthor of something � The book isauthored by a college professor. 2. to createa multimedia presentation or applicationby combining text, video, sound andimages using a programming language orspecial multimedia authoring systemauthor biographyauthor biography /�ɔ�θə ba|�ɒ"rəfi/,author bio noun a short description of theauthor, including their previouslypublished works, usually included with anAIauthoringauthoring /�ɔ�θərŋ/ noun the act ofcreating a multimedia application bycombining sound, video and images,usually using a script or authoring softwareauthorisationauthorisation /�ɔ�θəra |�zeʃ(ə)n/,authorization noun permission or powerto do something � Do you have authorisa-tion for this expenditure? � The bookshopcannot return copies without thepublisher’s authorisation.


15 automatic headingauthorise

authorise /�ɔ�θəraz/, authorize verb togive official permission for something tobe doneauthorised biography

authorised biography /�ɔ�θərazdba|�ɒ"rəfi/ noun a biography that has beenwritten with the permission of the subjector, if the subject is dead, with the permis-sion of the relatives or the estate (NOTE:The opposite is an unauthorised biog-raphy.)authority

authority /ɔ� |�θɒrti/ noun an expert inthe fieldauthor promotion tour

author promotion tour /�ɔ�θə prə |

�məυʃ(ə)n �tυə/ noun a tour made by anauthor to promote his or her book, e.g.appearing on local radio programmes andsigning copies in bookshopsauthor questionnaire

author questionnaire /�ɔ�θə�kwestʃə|�neə/ noun a form sent to theauthor of a book, asking for details of his orher life, and also for ideas on the bestmarkets for the bookauthor’s agent

author’s agent /�ɔ�θəz �ed�ənt/ nouna person who represents an author andtakes a percentage of his or her royaltyauthor’s alterations

author’s alterations /�ɔ�θəz �ɔ�ltə |

�reʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun same as author’scorrectionsauthor’s contract

author’s contract /�ɔ�θəz �kɒntr�kt/noun a contract between a publisher and anauthorauthor’s copies

author’s copies /�ɔ�θəz �kɒpi�z/ pluralnoun free copies of a book given to theauthor under the terms of his or hercontract with the publisher (NOTE:Normally an author is given six free copies,but may receive fewer if the book is a veryexpensive one.)author’s corrections

author’s corrections /�ɔ�θəz kə|

�rekʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun a change to proofswhich is made by an author, and which ischarged to the author if too many are made.Also called author’s alterations. Abbr ACauthor’s discount

author’s discount /�ɔ�θəz �dskaυnt/noun a discount allowed to an author whowants to buy copies of his or her ownworks, or sometimes to buy copies of otherbooks published by his or her publisherauthorship

authorship /�ɔ�θəʃp/ noun the fact ofbeing the author of something � She iscredited with the authorship of several ofthe poems. � They are trying to discoverthe authorship of the book about the Presi-dent.

author’s proofsauthor’s proofs /�ɔ�θəz pru�fs/ pluralnoun proofs checked by the printer’s readerand sent to the author to read and correctauthor’s standard pre-press interfacing codeauthor’s standard pre-press inter-facing code noun full form of ASPICauto-auto- /ɔ�təυ/ prefix done automaticallyautobiographyautobiography /�ɔ�təυba |�ɒ"rəfi/noun an account of a person’s life writtenby that personautoflowautoflow /�ɔ�təυfləυ/ noun text thatautomatically flows around a graphicimage or from one page to the nextautographautograph /�ɔ�tə"rɑ�f/ noun the signa-ture of somebody famous � verb to sign acopy of one’s book � He gave an auto-graphed copy of his novel to the library.autographing sessionautographing session /�ɔ�tə"rɑ�fŋ�seʃ(ə)n/ noun a publicity party where theauthor signs copies of his or her book in abookshop for people who have boughtthemauto-indentauto-indent /�ɔ�təυ �ndent/ noun aninstruction for the automatic indenting of atext by a typesetterauto-indexingauto-indexing /�ɔ�təυ �ndeksŋ/ nounthe process of automatic indexing using acomputer programautomaticautomatic /�ɔ�tə|�m�tk/ adjective ableto operate by itself without constant userinputautomaticallyautomatically /�ɔ�tə |�m�tkli/ adverbworking without a person giving instruc-tions � Address labels are printed automat-ically at the same time as the invoices. �The typesetting machine justifies linesautomatically.automatic carriage returnautomatic carriage return/�ɔ�təm�tk �k�rd� r|�t!�n/ noun asystem where the cursor automaticallyreturns to the beginning of a new line whenit reaches the end of the previous oneautomatic data processingautomatic data processing/�ɔ�təm�tk �detə �prəυsesŋ/ noun dataprocessing done by a computerautomatic dictionaryautomatic dictionary /�ɔ�təm�tk�dkʃən(ə)ri/ noun the dictionary of wordsin a spelling check programautomatic font downloadingautomatic font downloading/�ɔ�təm�tk �fɒnt dəυn |�ləυdŋ/ noun aprocess in which special font informationis sent to a printer by the applicationautomatic headingautomatic heading /�ɔ�təm�tk�hedŋ/ noun the making of headings auto-matically by the computer page make-upprogram


automatic sewer 16automatic sewerautomatic hyphenation and justifi-cation /�ɔ�təm�tk �hafəneʃ(ə)n ən�d��stf|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun the processwhere a typesetting machine hyphenateswords at the ends of lines and justifies thelines automaticallyautomatic page make-upautomatic page make-up/�ɔ�təm�tk �ped� �mek �p/ noun aprocess where the typesetting machinemakes the text into pages automaticallyautomatic pasterautomatic paster /�ɔ�təm�tk�pestə/, automatic reel change/�ɔ�təυpestə/ noun same as flying pasterautomatic sewerautomatic sewer /�ɔ�təm�tk �səυə/noun an automatic sewing machineautopasterautopaster /�ɔ�təυpestə/ noun same asflying pasterautoplateautoplate /�ɔ�təυplet/ noun a machinewhich makes curved printing platesautopositiveautopositive /�ɔ�təυ|�pɒztv/ noun apositive photographic image made withouta negative stageauto traceauto trace /�ɔ�təυ tres/ noun a featureof some graphics programs that will trans-form a bit-mapped image into a vectorimage by automatically locating the edgesof the shapes in the image and drawinglines around themauxiliary languageauxiliary language /ɔ�"|�zliəri�l�n"wd�/ noun a language that is usedby speakers of other languages in order tocommunicateAVAV abbreviation MEDIA audiovisualavailabilityavailability /ə|�velə|�blti/ noun theability to be obtained, used or seen � Thenew books were given limited availabilityof one week per person, so that morepeople could read them.

availableavailable /ə |�veləb(ə)l/ adjective readyto be used � available time or information� the title is no longer available the bookis out of print � not yet available a reporton an invoice that a book is not readyimmediately (because it has not yet beenpublished or is reprinting)avidavid /��vd/ adjective enthusiastic,extremely interested or absorbed, espe-cially in a book or filma/wa/w abbreviation artworkawardaward /ə |�wɔ�d/ noun 1. a prize given fordoing something well 2. a sum of moneygiven for a specific purpose � an award tohelp you to study � verb to give a prize orfinancial grantaward-winningaward-winning /ə|�wɔ�d �wnŋ/ adjec-tive having won a prize � an award-winning TV play � an award-winningscience fiction authoraxeaxe /�ks/ verb to cut or stop something �to axe the publicity budget � Several jobsare to be axed in the printing industry.axisaxis /��kss/ noun a fixed line againstwhich other positions can be measured,e.g. the vertical and horizontal axes on agraph (NOTE: The plural is axes.)azerty keyboardazerty keyboard /ə|�z!�ti �ki�bɔ�d/noun a keyboard where the keys arearranged with the first line beginningAZERTY, used mainly in Europe. � qwertykeyboardazureazure /��ə/ noun a light blueazure laidazure laid /��ə led/ noun blue writingpaper with laid linesazure woveazure wove /��ə wəυv/ noun bluewriting paper without laid lines


BB2BB2B /�bi� tə �bi�/ adjective referring toproducts or services that are aimed at otherbusinesses rather than at consumers. Fullform business-to-businessB2CB2C /�bi� tə �si�/ adjective referring toproducts or services that are aimed atconsumers rather than at other businesses.Full form business-to-consumerBABA abbreviation Booksellers Association,Thebachelor’s degreebachelor’s degree /�b�tʃələz d|�"ri�/noun a degree awarded on the successfulcompletion of an undergraduate course at acollege or university and, at some universi-ties, on completion of a usually short post-graduate coursebackback /b�k/ verb to put a back or spine ona book � The book is cloth bound, backedin leather. � noun the part of a book wherethe pages are glued or stitched to thebinding � adjective published or issued atan earlier dateback boardback board /�b�k bɔ�d/ noun the boardwhich forms the back of a bookbackbonebackbone /�b�kbəυn/ noun 1. US thespine of a book 2. a high-speed, high-capacity connection path that links smallersub-networksback catalogueback catalogue /�b�k �k�t(ə)lɒ"/noun the complete collection of record-ings, films or books made by an artist or acompany to dateback copyback copy /�b�k �kɒpi/ noun a copy ofan old issue of a newspaper or magazineback coverback cover /�b�k �k�və/ noun the coverat the back of a book or magazine, whichcan have publicity matter or details of theauthor � The author’s photograph appearson the back cover.backdatebackdate /b�k|�det/ verb to makesomething effective from an earlier datethan the current one

backerbacker /�b�kə/ noun the card display atthe back of a dump bin, which draws atten-tion to the books in the binback flapback flap /�b�k �fl�p/, back jacket flap/�b�k �d��kt �fl�p/ noun a flap on abook jacket which is folded inside the backcoverbackgroundbackground /�b�k"raυnd/ noun 1. thecontext of a situation, which helps toexplain it 2. scenery behind the mainpeople and objects in a picture or photo-graphbackground artbackground art /�b�k"raυnd ɑ�t/noun artwork which forms the backgroundof a designbackground colourbackground colour /�b�k"raυnd�k�lə/ noun the colour of a computerscreen display, with characters andgraphics displayed in a different fore-ground colourbackground printingbackground printing /�b�k"raυnd�prntŋ/ noun printing from a computerwhile it is processing another taskbackground processingbackground processing/�b�k"raυnd �prəυsesŋ/ noun executionof computer tasks that continues while theuser is working with another application.Once started, background tasks such asprinting or copying data take place withoutuser input.backingbacking /�b�kŋ/ noun money or supportgiven to a person or an organisation for aparticular projectbacking boardsbacking boards /�b�kŋ bɔ�dz/ pluralnoun heavy boards between which thefolded signatures of a book are held whilebeing prepared for having the coverattachedbacking machinebacking machine /�b�kŋ mə|�ʃi�n/noun a machine that backs booksbacking upbacking up /�b�kŋ ��p/ noun 1.printing on the back of a printed sheet 2.


back issue 18

the act of building up a plate to the rightheightback issueback issue /�b�k �ʃu�/ noun US sameas back numberback liningback lining /�b�k �lanŋ/ noun a pieceof thin cloth or paper glued to the sewnspine of a book before the cover is attachedbacklistbacklist /�b�klst/ noun the range ofbooks already published by a publisher thatare still in printbacklogbacklog /�b�klɒ"/ noun work waiting tobe done and causing delaysback marginback margin /�b�k �mɑ�d�n/ noun amargin on a printed page which is near thespine of the bookback matterback matter /�b�k �m�tə/ noun theparts of a book that appear after the maintext, e.g. the index or an appendixback numberback number /�b�k �n�mbə/ noun anedition of a magazine, newspaper or otherdocument which is not the most recenteditionback of bookback of book /�b�k əv �bυk/ noun thelast pages of a magazine containing adver-tisementsback ordersback orders /�b�k �ɔ�dəz/ plural nounorders received in the past and not fulfilled,usually because the item is out of stock � Ittook the factory six weeks to clear all theaccumulated back orders.backplaningbackplaning /�b�kplenŋ/ noun theact of removing a thin layer from the backof a stereo or plate, to make it the rightheightbackslantbackslant /�b�kslɑ�nt/ noun a typefacewhich slopes towards the left, as opposedto italic which slopes to the rightbackspacebackspace /�b�kspes/ noun move-ment of a cursor or printhead back by onecharacterbackspace characterbackspace character /�b�kspes�k�rktə/ noun a code that causes a back-space action in a display devicebackspace keybackspace key /�b�kspes ki�/ noun akey that moves the cursor back one spacebackstripbackstrip /�b�kstrp/ noun a long pieceof paper or linen glued down the spine of abook after the pages have been sewn androunded, but before the case is put onback to backback to back /�b�k tə �b�k/ adjectiveprinting on the back of a printed sheetback upback up /�b�k ��p/ verb to make a copyof computer data to keep in case anythinggoes wrong with the originalbackupbackup /�b�k�p/ noun a duplicate copyof a file on a computer

backup adbackup ad /�b�k�p �d/ noun an adver-tisement printed in a magazine in whichthe advertiser has put an insertbackup machinebackup machine /�b�k�p mə|�ʃi�n/noun a second machine used in case ofemergenciesbackup procedurebackup procedure /�b�k�p prə|

�si�d�ə/ noun a method of making backupcopies of filesbackwards compatiblebackwards compatible /�b�kwədzkəm |�p�təb(ə)l/ adjective relating to acomputer hardware or software productthat is compatible with its predecessors tothe extent that it can use interfaces and datafrom earlier versionsbackwaterbackwater /�b�kwɔ�tə/ noun waterremoved from the pulp during the firststages of papermakingbad buybad buy /�b�d �ba/ noun somethingbought which was not worth the moneypaid for itbad copybad copy /�b�d �kɒpi/ noun a manu-script which is illegible or badly edited andwhich the typesetter will not acceptbad debtbad debt /�b�d �det/ noun money owedwhich will never be paid back � Thecompany has written off £30,000 in baddebts.bad sheetsbad sheets /�b�d �ʃi�ts/ plural nounsheets that have been badly printedbailbail /bel/ noun a hinged bar on a type-writer or printer that holds the paper steady.BAK.BAK, .bak suffix an extension to afilename, indicating a backup version of afilebakedbaked /bekt/ adjective relating to typethat has become stuck togetherbaked imagebaked image /�bekt �md�/ noun aprinting plate that has been heated to makethe etched surface harderbalancebalance /�b�ləns/ verb a financial termmeaning to keep expenditure equal toincome � noun 1. the positioning of textand graphics on a page in an attractive way2. the arrangement of elements such astext, illustrations etc on a pagebalance brought forwardbalance brought forward /�b�lənsbrɔ�t �fɔ�wəd/, balance carried forwardnoun the amount entered in an account atthe end of a period to balance the expendi-ture and income which is then takenforward to start the new periodbalance in handbalance in hand /�b�ləns n �h�nd/noun cash held to pay small debts andrunning costs. Also called cash in hand


19 barcodebalance sheetbalance sheet /�b�ləns ʃi�t/ noun astatement of the financial position of acompany at a particular time, such as theend of the financial year or the end of aquarter, showing the company’s assets andliabilitiesballoonballoon /bə|�lu�n/ noun a circlecontaining the words ‘spoken’ by a char-acter in a cartoonballoon formerballoon former /bə |�lu�n �fɔ�mə/ noun aformer on a web machine which takes thefolded sheets of a newspaper as they areprintedbanban /b�n/ noun an order which forbidssomebody from doing something � agovernment ban on the import of subver-sive literature � a ban on the export ofcomputer software � verb to forbid some-thing or to make something illegal � Thegovernment has banned the publication ofthe book.bandband /b�nd/ noun 1. a strip of paperwhich is put round a book � The book hasa band marked ‘Winner of the 1997 BookerPrize’. 2. a strip of cloth which goes acrossthe back of the book, to which the signa-tures are sewn, the edges of the band beingglued to the cover boards 3. a raised stripon the back of a leatherbound bookcovering the strings 4. strong plastic tapeput round bundles of newspapers or maga-zines to pack themband strapperband strapper /�b�nd �str�pə/ noun amachine for bundling newspapers or maga-zines and attaching them with a plasticbandB&WB&W abbreviation black and whitebandwidthbandwidth /�b�ndwdθ/ noun thecapacity, often measured in bits persecond, of a communication channel, e.g. aconnection to the Internetbangbang /b�ŋ/ noun US in typesetting, thecharacter !bankbank /b�ŋk/ noun somewhere to storethings ready for usebank accountbank account /�b�ŋk ə|�kaυnt/ noun anaccount which a customer has with a bank,where the customer can deposit and with-draw moneybank balancebank balance /�b�ŋk �b�ləns/ nounthe state of a bank account at any particulartimebank bookbank book /�b�ŋk bυk/ noun a bookwhich shows money that somebody hasdeposited or withdrawn from a bankaccount

bank chargebank charge /�b�ŋk tʃɑ�d�/ noun acharge which a bank makes for carryingout work for a customerbank draftbank draft /�b�ŋk drɑ�ft/ noun an orderby one bank telling another bank, usuallyin another country, to pay money to some-bodybankerbanker /�b�ŋkə/ noun a person who runsa bankbanker’s envelopebanker’s envelope /�b�ŋkəz�envələυp/ noun a rectangular envelopewith the flap along the topbanker’s orderbanker’s order /�b�ŋkəz �ɔ�də/ nounsame as standing order � He pays hissubscription by banker’s order.bank notebank note /�b�ŋk nəυt/ noun a piece ofprinted paper moneybank paperbank paper /�b�ŋk �pepə/ noun thinpaper used for things like flimsiesbannerbanner /�b�nə/ noun 1. a heading or titleacross the width of a page 2. an onlineinteractive advertisement that appears on awebpage, usually at the top or bottom, andcontains a link to the website of the busi-ness whose products or services are beingadvertisedbanner adbanner ad /�b�nə �d/ noun an adver-tisement which stretches across the top orbottom of a printed page or a webpagebanner exchangebanner exchange /�b�nə ks |�tʃend�/noun an agreement between two or morebusinesses, in which each allows theothers’ advertising banners to be displayedon its websitebanner headlinebanner headline /�b�nə �hedlan/noun an extra large newspaper headlinebarbar /bɑ�/ noun 1. a thick band of colour 2.a horizontal stroke on a character which isconnected to another stroke at either end,such as the middle bar in ‘A’bar chartbar chart /�bɑ� tʃɑ�t/ noun a graph inwhich the data is represented by horizontalor vertical bars. Also called bar graphbarcodebarcode /�bɑ�kəυd/ noun a line ofprinted stripes of different thickness repre-senting a numeric code which can be readelectronically

COMMENT: Barcodes are found on mostgoods and their packages. The width andposition of the stripes is sensed by a lightpen or optical wand and providesinformation about the goods, such as price,stock quantity, etc. The main type ofbarcode used in Europe is the EuropeanArticle Number (EAN) or the UniversalProduct Code (UPC). Barcodes are usedon the backs of books, giving their ISBN


barcode reader 20

number, and so helping the computerisedstock control in bookshops.

barcode readerbarcode reader /�bɑ�kəυd �ri�də/,barcode scanner /�bɑ�kəυd �sk�nə/noun an electronic device used to readbarcodesbargain booksbargain books /�bɑ�"n bυks/ pluralnoun books that are sold at a cheaper priceas remainders or special offersbargaining positionbargaining position /�bɑ�"nŋ pə |

�zʃ(ə)n/ noun a statement of intentions byone group during negotiationsbargebarge /bɑ�d�/ noun a case with smallcompartments for type, used when makingcorrectionsbar graphbar graph /�bɑ� tʃɑ�t/ noun same as barchartbaronial envelopebaronial envelope /bə|�rəυniəl�envələυp/ noun US a square pocket enve-lopebaryta paperbaryta paper /bə|�ratə �pepə/ nouncoated matt paper used for high-qualityrepro or proofs from which typematter orphotographs can be madebasebase /bes/ noun 1. the lowest or firstposition 2. a flat surface which supportssomething, such as the flat plate supportingfilm or the bottom plate used in letterpressprinting 3. background colour � The title isreversed out of a dark blue base.base alignmentbase alignment /�bes ə|�lanmənt/noun the act of making sure that the bottomlines of several columns are levelbase artworkbase artwork /�bes �ɑ�tw!�k/ nounartwork to which further illustrations haveto be addedbase linebase line /�bes lan/ noun 1. the bottomreference line used when typesetting tomake sure characters are correctly located2. US the last line on a typeset pagebaselinebaseline /�beslan/ noun the data usedas a reference with which to comparefuture observations or resultsbase materialbase material /�bes mə |�təriəl/ nounin printing, the material that is to be coatedbase paperbase paper /�bes �pepə/ noun thickpaper used to make coated paperbasicbasic /�besk/ adjective 1. normal 2.simple or from which everything starts �He has a basic knowledge of typography. �noun US a first edition of a text which hasbeen revisedBASICBASIC /�besk/ noun a computerprogramming language. Full formBeginner’s All-Purpose SymbolicInstruction Code

basic discountbasic discount /�besk �dskaυnt/noun a normal discount without extrapercentages � Our basic discount is 20%,but we offer 5% extra for rapid settlement.basicsbasics /�besks/ plural noun simple andimportant facts � He has studied the basicsof page make-up.basic stockbasic stock /�besk �stɒk/ nounstandard titles which are considered neces-sary to form the core of an authoritativebook stock. Also called core stockbasic weightbasic weight /�besk wet/ noun theweight of printing paper per 500 sheetsbasisbasis /�bess/ noun the foundation orreason for somethingbasis weightbasis weight /�bess wet/ noun 1. theweight of paper in grams per square metre2. US basic weight, the weight of 500sheets of paper of a standard 25 x 38 inchsize, measured in pounds

COMMENT: In the USA basis weight canalso be given for 1,000 sheets, in whichcase it is followed by the letter ‘M’: so 120Mis the same as 60 pounds basis weight per500 sheets.

BaskervilleBaskerville /�b�skəvl/ noun a typefacecharacterised by serifs, suitable for booksand periodicalsbastard progressivesbastard progressives /�bɑ�stəd prə|

�"resvz/ plural noun progressive colourproofs showing different combinations ofcolours, but not necessarily in order ofprintingbastard sizebastard size /�bɑ�stəd saz/ noun anodd non-standard size of paper.BAT.BAT, .bat suffix an extension to afilename, showing that the file is a batchfilebatchbatch /b�tʃ/ noun a group of thingswhich are made or dealt with all at onetime � verb to put items together in groups� to batch invoices or chequesbatch filebatch file /�b�tʃ fal/ noun a combina-tion of computer files which are treated asone unitbatch numberbatch number /�b�tʃ �n�mbə/ noun anumber used to identify a particular groupbatch processingbatch processing /�b�tʃ �prəυsesŋ/noun a mode of computer operation inwhich programs are executed without theuser being able to influence processingwhile it is in progress

‘First things first, however. Repcol needsto upgrade its in-house collectionssystem, and build a live link betweencollections and financials. Repcol runsthe collections system on an Informix


21 bestseller

database, but uses a separate Oraclefinancials system running on Linux,batch processing transactions.’ [TheAustralian]

bathbath /bɑ�θ/ noun a large open containerfor liquids, especially one for developingphotographsbatterbatter /�b�tə/ noun a defective impres-sion produced by a faulty printing platebattered booksbattered books /�b�təd bυks/ pluralnoun US books that have been damaged ina bookshop and are sold cheaplybattered typebattered type /�b�təd tap/ noun oldmetal type which has become damagedthrough useBBIPBBIP abbreviation British Books in Printbccbcc noun a feature of many electronicmail programs that allows a user to sendone message to several users at a time (acarbon copy) but does not display this listto the recipients. Full form blind carboncopy.bck.bck suffix an extension to a filename,showing that the file is a backup filebeakbeak /bi�k/ noun a curved decorativestroke on a letterbearbear /beə/ verb 1. to have somethingwritten on it � an envelope which bears aLondon postmark � The cheque bears thesignature of the company secretary. 2. topay costs � The costs of the exhibition willbe borne by the company. � The companybore the legal costs of both parties. (NOTE:bearing – bore – borne)beardbeard /bəd/ noun 1. the bevel andshoulder, the space from the edge of theface of a metal character to the edge of thebody of the type 2. a dirty mark on atypeset characterbearerbearer /�beərə/ noun a wooden or metalbar placed beside metal type to prevent thepress from pressing down too hardbear offbear off /�beə �ɒf/ verb US to adjust thespaces between letters or words to make aline justifybeatbeat /bi�t/ verb to hit something hardbeaterbeater /�bi�tə/, beating engine, beatingmachine noun a container with a heavyroll with steel knives attached, which turnsagainst a bedplate, which also has knivesfixed on it, and chops up the pulp as itpasses through

COMMENT: Wood pulp is beaten to make itfiner and more suitable for papermaking; italso makes it less opaque. If it is beaten fora long time, it produces semi-transparent

paper such as tracing paper. Duringbeating, china clay or other loadings can beadded to make the paper more opaque.

bedbed /bed/ noun the flat surface on whichthe metal type in its chase is placed, or onwhich flat printing plates are placed � toput a paper to bed to finalise the lastcorrections on a newspaper before printingstartsbedplatebedplate /�bedplet/ noun 1. the bottomplate on which type is placed 2. a plate withmetal knives against which the beater rollturnsBekk instrumentBekk instrument /�bek �nstrυmənt/noun an air-leak tester for measuring thesmoothness of paperbellybelly /�beli/ noun the front of a piece oftype with a nick or notch in it, so that thecompositor can tell by feel which is thefront of the piecebelly bandbelly band /�beli b�nd/ noun a paperband put round the middle of a bookbelowbelow /b |�ləυ/ preposition lower downthan or less than � The captions should beplaced below the illustrations. � see belowa note indicating that the reader has to lookfurther on in the text to find a referencebelt pressbelt press /�belt pres/ noun a letterpressmachine which has plastic printing platesattached to an endless belt. � CameronpressBen Day tintsBen Day tints /�ben de/, Benday tintsplural noun transparent sheets with dots,shading or stippled design, used to give animpression of tone on the printed page,invented by Benjamin Daybending rollersbending rollers /�bendŋ �rəυləz/plural noun rollers which turn a web ofpaper in a different directionBerne ConventionBerne Convention /�b!�n kən |

�venʃ(ə)n/ noun the international agree-ment on copyright, signed in Berne in1886. � convention

COMMENT: Under the Berne Convention,any book which is copyrighted in a countrywhich has signed the convention isautomatically copyrighted in the othercountries. Some countries (notably theUSA) did not sign the Convention, and theUCC (Universal Copyright Convention) wassigned in Geneva in 1952, under theauspices of the United Nations, to try tobring together all countries under a uniformcopyright agreement.

bestsellerbestseller /best |�selə/ noun 1. a popularbook of which a very large number ofcopies are sold 2. an author who writesbestsellers


bestseller list 22bestseller listbestseller list /best|�selə lst/ noun alist of books which are selling very well inbookshopsbestsellingbestselling /best |�selŋ/ adjective 1. farmore popular and successful than otherproducts on sale at the same time 2.making products that are commerciallyvery successful � a bestselling authorbeta ray gaugebeta ray gauge /�bi�tə re �"ed�/ nouna device for measuring the weight of paperby using radio isotopesbeta testbeta test /�bi�tə �test/ noun the secondstage of tests performed on new softwarejust before it is due to be releasedbevelbevel /�bev(ə)l/ noun a sloping edge,especially the sloping edge of a piece oftype between the face and the shoulder, orthe sloping edge of a stereotype which isattached by clamps to the basebevelledbevelled /�bev(ə)ld/ adjective with asloping edgebevelled boardsbevelled boards /�bev(ə)ld bɔ�dz/plural noun cover boards with bevellededges, sometimes used on large booksBézier curveBézier curve /�bezie k!�v/ noun ageometric curve, the overall shape ofwhich is defined by two midpoints calledcontrol handles

COMMENT: Bézier curves are a feature ofmany high-end design software packages;they allow a designer to create smoothcurves by defining a number of points. ThePostScript page description language usesBézier curves to define the shapes ofcharacters during printing.

bfbf abbreviation PRINTING boldfaceB format paperbackB format paperback /�bi� �fɔ�m�t�pepəb�k/ noun a paperback with theformat 198 x 129mmBible paperBible paper /�bab(ə)l �pepə/ nounextremely thin, good-quality opaque paperwhich is nevertheless quite strong, used forprinting books with a large number ofpages, such as Bibles, where the length ofthe text would make the book very thick ifordinary paper were usedbibliobiblio /�bbliəυ/ noun bibliographicdetails printed on the back of the title pagebibliographerbibliographer /�bbli|�ɒ"rəfə/ noun aperson who writes a bibliographybibliographicbibliographic /�bbliə|�"r�fk/, biblio-graphical /�bbliə|�"r�fk(ə)l/ adjectivereferring to details of a book or author �The obituary of the author ended withbibliographical details of his publishedworks. � The catalogue gives a full biblio-graphical description for each book.

bibliographical informationbibliographical information/�bbliə"r�fk(ə)l �nfə |�meʃ(ə)n/ nouninformation about a book such as the nameof the author, number of pages and ISBN,which is used for library cataloguingbibliographybibliography /�bbli |�ɒ"rəfi/ noun 1. alist of books and other written materials onone particular subject 2. a list of books orarticles referred to in another book orarticle

COMMENT: References in a bibliographyusually include: name of author or editor;title of book (in upper and lower case italic);title of chapter or article (in roman in doublequotes); volume number; name of publisherand town of publication; date of publication.

bibliophilebibliophile /�bbliəfal/ noun a personwho loves books, especially somebodywho collects old, rare or beautiful books �The book has been published as a limitededition for bibliophiles.bidbid /bd/ noun an offer to pay a particularprice, made at an auction � verb to make anoffer at an auctionbidderbidder /�bdə/ noun a person who makesa bid at an auctionbiddingbidding /�bdŋ/ noun the making ofoffers at an auction � The bidding forpaperback rights started at $1m.bidirectionalbidirectional /�bada|�rekʃ(ə)nəl/adjective relating to an operation orprocess that is able to work forwards orbackwardsbidirectional printerbidirectional printer/�badarekʃ(ə)nəl �prntə/ noun a printerwhich is able to print characters from leftto right and from right to left as the headmoves forwards and backwards across thepaperBig DealBig Deal /�b" �di�l/ noun an arrange-ment in which a library pays a lump sumfor access to all of a publisher’s electronicjournals, without individual subscriptionsto each onebig-ticketbig-ticket /�b" �tkt/ adjective costinga lot of money � The department wasunder pressure to produce some big-ticketbooks in the next year.bilingualbilingual /ba|�lŋ"wəl/ adjective in twolanguages � a bilingual dictionary � mono-lingual, multilingualbilingual textbilingual text /ba|�lŋ"wəl �tekst/noun text which is given in two languages,usually with the texts on facing pagesbillbill /bl/ noun 1. a written list of charges tobe paid � Does the bill include VAT? � Thebill is made out to Smith Ltd. � The printer


23 biography

has sent in his bill. 2. a written paper prom-ising to pay money 3. a poster or otherpiece of advertising material which is stuckon a wall 4. a set of various quantities ofpieces of type in a font � verb to present abill to somebody so that it can be paid �The printer billed us for the author’scorrections.billingbilling /�blŋ/ noun the writing ofinvoices or billsbill of exchangebill of exchange /�bl əv ks |�tʃend�/noun a document that tells a bank to pay aperson, usually used in payments inforeign currencybill of ladingbill of lading /�bl əv �ledŋ/ noun a listof goods being shipped, which the trans-porter gives to the person sending thegoods to show that the goods have beenloadedbimetallic platebimetallic plate /�bamet�lk �plet/,bimetal plate noun a printing plate madeof two metals, with the printing surface andcharacters of one metal such as copper ona chromium or steel basebinbin /bn/ noun 1. a large container � Thebulk stock is kept in the bins at the back ofthe warehouse. 2. a separate section ofshelves in a warehousebinary filebinary file /�banəri fal/ noun acomputer file that contains data in a raw ornontext state made up of characters thatonly a computer can read. Executableprograms are stored and transmitted inbinary files, as are most numerical datafiles.binary systembinary system /�banəri �sstəm/ nouna number system based on two digits only,usually 1 and 0bindbind /band/ verb to join the pages of abook together and enclose them in a cover(NOTE: binding – bound)binderbinder /�bandə/ noun a person orcompany that specialises in binding books� the binder’s the factory which bindsbooks � The sheets were delivered to thebinder’s last week. � How soon can you getthe jackets to the binder’s?binder’s boardbinder’s board /�bandəz bɔ�d/ noun 1.a stiff board binding, formerly used bypublishers to cover books which were thenrebound in leather by the owner 2. boardsuch as millboard, used for bindingbinder’s boards

binder’s boards /�bandəz bɔ�dz/plural noun US a stiff board case coveredwith cloth

binder’s brassbinder’s brass /�bandəz brɑ�s/,binder’s die noun a brass stamp with adesign which is stamped on the cover of abookbinder’s packbinder’s pack /�bandəz p�k/ noun apack of books from a bindery � The booksare delivered in binder’s packs of fortycopies.binderybindery /�bandəri/ noun a factory wherebooks are boundbindingbinding /�bandŋ/ noun 1. the cover of abook 2. the act of putting a cover on a book� adjective demanding an obligation � Thecontract was binding in law.binding clothbinding cloth /�bandŋ klɒθ/ nouncloth used to cover a case in case bindingbinding equipmentbinding equipment /�bandŋ |

�kwpmənt/ noun any machine or toolused in the binding process, e.g. for casemaking, trimming, embossing etcbinding machinebinding machine /�bandŋ mə|�ʃi�n/noun any machine used to bind pagestogether, normally used to refer to a smallmachine used to create inexpensivebinding (such as comb-binding) in thehome or officebinding offsetbinding offset /�bandŋ �ɒfset/ nounan extra wide margin on the inside of aprinted page to prevent text being hiddenduring bindingbinding orderbinding order /�bandŋ �ɔ�də/ noun arequest from a publisher to a binder to binda particular number of copies of a bookbinding shopbinding shop /�bandŋ ʃɒp/ noun thesection of a printing factory where thebooks are boundbinding stylesbinding styles /�bandŋ stalz/ nounthe different ways in which books can bebound, e.g. perfect binding, spiral binding,comb binding, half binding, etcbin stockbin stock /�bn stɒk/ noun stock held ina section of a warehouse where it can bereached easily, as opposed to the bulk stockwhich is held separately until neededbiobio /�baəυ/ noun a biographical workbiographeebiographee /�baɒ"rə |�fi�/ noun some-body whose life is described in a biographybiographerbiographer /ba|�ɒ"rəfə/ noun a personwho writes the story of somebody’s lifebiographicalbiographical /�baə|�"r�fk(ə)l/ adjec-tive referring to the story of somebody’slife � The biographical details of theauthor are given on the front flyleaf.biographybiography /ba|�ɒ"rəfi/ noun an accountof somebody’s life and work written byanother person


bit 24bitbit /bt/ noun a binary digit, 0 or 1bitebite /bat/ noun the effect of acid eatinginto metal when making blocks orengraving platesbit imagebit image /�bt �md�/ noun a collectionof bits that represent the pixels that makeup an image on screen or on a printerbit mapbit map /�bt m�p/, bitmp /�btm�p/noun 1. an image whose individual pixelscan be controlled by changing the value ofits stored bit (1 is on, 0 is off; in colourdisplays, more than one bit is used toprovide control for the three colours – Red,Green, Blue) � In Windows, every iconpicture is stored as a small bitmap image.2. binary representation in which each bitor set of bits corresponds to some object(image, font, etc.) or condition 3. a fileformat for storing images in which data inthe file represents the value of each pixelbitmapped fontbitmapped font /�btm�pt �fɒnt/ nouna screen or printer font with charactersformed as a pattern of pixels or dotsbitmapped graphicsbitmapped graphics /�btm�pt�"r�fks/ plural noun images whose indi-vidual pixels can be controlled bychanging the value of the stored bitsbit planebit plane /�bt plen/ noun memorywhich stores the bits that make up a picturebits per inchbits per inch /�bts p!� �ntʃ/ noun thenumber of bits that can be recorded perinch of recording medium. Abbr bpibits per pixelbits per pixel /�bts p!� �pks(ə)l/ nounthe number of bits assigned to store thecolour of each pixel; one bit provides blackor white, four bits gives 16 colour combi-nations, eight bits gives 256 colour combi-nations. Abbr BPPbits per secondbits per second /�bts p!� �sekənd/noun the rate at which information is sent,equal to the number of bits transmitted orreceived per second. Abbr bpsbiweeklybiweekly /ba|�wi�kli/ noun a publicationthat appears every two weeksblackblack /bl�k/ noun a spot on a printedsheet, caused when part of the leading istoo high and touches the paperblack and whiteblack and white /�bl�k ən �wat/ nounprinting using black and tints of black only.Abbr B&Wblack and white photographblack and white photograph /�bl�kən wat �fəυtə"rɑ�f/ noun a photographwhich uses tones of black to show theimageblack boxblack box /�bl�k �bɒks/ noun a deviceused for converting protocols from one

computer system to another, such as forconverting data from a micro to a photo-typesetterblackeningblackening /�bl�kənŋ/ noun a defect inpapermaking where the surface of thepaper becomes spotted, caused when thepaper is too damp when being calenderedblack letterblack letter /�bl�k �letə/ noun an oldtype character based on medieval hand-writing. � fraktur, gothic, Textura (NOTE:Black letter was the first typeface to bedeveloped by Gutenberg in the 15thcentury, and was still used in Germanyuntil quite recently. It is commonly used inEurope for mastheads of newspapers.)black liquorblack liquor /�bl�k �lkə/ noun a liquidleft after dissolving fibres during themaking of paperblack listblack list /�bl�k lst/ noun a list ofcompanies, countries or people who arebanned from trading or using goods orservicesblackoutblackout /�bl�kaυt/ noun the with-holding of news or information about asubject, especially by official sourcesblack patchblack patch /�bl�k p�tʃ/ noun a pieceof black or red film used to make a clearwindow on camera-ready copyblack printerblack printer /�bl�k �prntə/, blackplate noun the plate which prints in black,usually with the text of a colour book, andwhich is changed if the text is changedblack stepblack step /�bl�k �step/ noun a methodof ensuring that no signature is out of orderor missing when the signatures are gath-ered together, by printing black marks onthe folds of the signatureblack step marksblack step marks /�bl�k �step�mɑ�ks/ plural noun marks like thick blacklines printed on the fold of each signature,which move down from the top in eachsuccessive signaturebladblad /bl�d/ noun a dummy copy of abook to show what the binding and part ofthe text will be like � The reps are showingblads to all the leading bookshop buyers.blade coatingblade coating /�bled �kəυtŋ/ noun atype of coating where the coating liquid isapplied to the paper and then spread evenlyusing a bladeblagblag /bl�"/ verb to obtain something byasking for a sample for review or testing(informal) � When you visit the show, canyou blag me a pocket calculator?blankblank /bl�ŋk/ noun an empty space in aform � adjective empty or with nothing on


25 block diagram

it � a blank tape � a blank piece of paper �verb to make a white space, usually bypainting with white ink � The art depart-ment will blank out the extra lines on theline drawing.blanketblanket /�bl�ŋkt/ noun a rubber sheetwhich goes round the offset cylinder in anoffset press and accepts the image to beprinted on the paper

COMMENT: The blanket is a layer of differenttissues, covered with a fine rubber surface.It must be cleaned carefully before eachprinting run.

blanket agreementblanket agreement /�bl�ŋkt ə|

�"ri�mənt/ noun an agreement that coversmany itemsblanket contaminationblanket contamination /�bl�ŋktkən|�t�mneʃ(ə)n/ noun spotting causedby dirt on the blanketblanket cylinderblanket cylinder /�bl�ŋkt �slndə/noun a cylinder in an offset press whichaccepts the image onto the blanket. Alsocalled offset cylinder, transfer cylinderblanket-to-blanket printingblanket-to-blanket printing/�bl�ŋkt tυ �bl�ŋkt �prntŋ/ nounoffset printing where both sides of thepaper are printed at the same time, usingtwo blanket cylinders and two blanketsbleachbleach /bli�tʃ/ verb to make somethingwhitebleached paperbleached paper /�bli�tʃt �pepə/ nounpaper that has been treated with chemicalsto make it whitebleachingbleaching /�bli�tʃŋ/ noun the process ofmaking paper white, by passing the pulpthrough a series of bleaching towers,where a solution of chlorine is addedbleedbleed /bli�d/ noun 1. a page design wherethe illustrations run off the edge of thetrimmed page � The double page spreadsare all bleeds. 2. an illustration that runsoff the edge of the paper 3. overtrimmedmargins when binding, cutting off the edgeof the type 4. ink that changes colour, oftenby chemical reaction when laminating �verb to print something, or be printed, sothat part of it is cut off by the edge of thepage

COMMENT: Bleeding has the advantage ofincreasing the size of illustrations on thepaper, but has the disadvantage of needinglarger printing sheets in a sheet-fed press,to allow for the extra trim. Normally 3mm ofprint beyond the trimmed edge should beallowed to make sure the bleed is correct.

bleed allowancebleed allowance /�bli�d ə|�laυəns/ nouna margin of blank space that is left at the

edge of a page, so that the text or illustra-tions will not be cut offbleed offbleed off /�bli�d ɒf/ verb to run the illus-trations to the edge of the trimmed page �All the illustrations are to be bled off. � Thebled-off plates are all in one section.bleed-throughbleed-through /�bli�d θru�/ noun a situ-ation in which ink has seeped through tothe other side of a printed piece of paperblindblind /bland/ adjective done withoutpreparation or the relevant informationblind blockingblind blocking /�bland �blɒkŋ/, blindembossing /�bland �st�mpŋ/ noun theprocess of stamping a design on the covermaterial without using any ink or gold leaf.Also called blind stampingblind carbon copyblind carbon copy /�bland �kɑ�bən�kɒpi/ noun full form of bccblind folioblind folio /�bland �fəυliəυ/ noun apage with no printed page numberblindingblinding /�blandŋ/, blinding in nounblind blockingblind Pblind P /�bland �pi�/ noun a printedsymbol ( ¶ ) which is used to mark thebeginning of a paragraphblind pageblind page /�bland �ped�/ noun a pagesuch as a half-title with no printed folionumber, although the page is included inthe total pagination of the bookblind stampingblind stamping /�bland �st�mpŋ/noun same as blind blockingblind toolingblind tooling /�bland �tu�lŋ/ nounblind blocking with hot stamps to give adark impression on the surface of a leatherbindingblisterblister /�blstə/ noun a bubble whichforms on the surface of paper as it driesblister packblister pack /�blstə p�k/ noun a typeof packing where the item for sale iscovered with a stiff plastic bubble sealed toa card backingblockblock /blɒk/ noun 1. a piece of metal witha design in relief on the surface, used forprinting an illustration by letterpress(NOTE: The US term is cut.) 2. a stamp usedto press a design on a cover, with orwithout metal foil or ink 3. a wide printedbar � verb 1. to stamp a design on the coverof a book � a gold-blocked cover 2. � toblock in to sketch roughly the main itemsof a designblock capitalsblock capitals /�blɒk �k�pt(ə)lz/plural noun capital lettersblock diagramblock diagram /�blɒk �daə"r�m/noun a graphical representation of asystem or program operation


blocking 26blockingblocking /�blɒkŋ/ noun the process ofstamping a design on the cover of a book,using gold leaf, foil or inkblocking dieblocking die /�blɒkŋ da/ noun a brassfor stamping the cover of a bookblocking foilblocking foil /�blɒkŋ fɔl/ noun a filmwith a layer of gold or other metal, used tostamp designs on a coverblocking machineblocking machine /�blɒkŋ mə |�ʃi�n/,blocking press noun a machine whichautomatically stamps the covers of a run ofbooks with a design and glues the metalfoil to itblock letterblock letter /�blɒk �letə/ noun 1. acompressed sans serif typeface or indi-vidual letter 2. a capital letterblockmakerblockmaker /�blɒkmekə/ noun aperson or company who makes the blocksfor printing illustrationsblockmakingblockmaking /�blɒkmekŋ/ noun theprocess of making printing blocksblock markersblock markers /�blɒk �mɑ�kəz/ pluralnoun two markers inserted at the start andfinish of a section of data to indicate aspecial block which can then be moved ordeleted or copied as a single unitblock outblock out /�blɒk �aυt/ verb to cover up asection of type or part of an illustration �The art department will block out the twoextra lines.block proofblock proof /�blɒk pru�f/ noun a proofcontacted from a letterpress blockblock pullblock pull /�blɒk pυl/ noun a proof takendirectly from a blockblogblog /blɒ"/ verb to create or run a weblog

‘Employees are no different tocustomers. They are besieged byinformation from an increasing numberof sources. It places a greater imperativeon management to engage with staff first.In a world of blogs and RSS feeds,communications heads increasingly needto make instant decisions based on thespeed at which news travels.’ [PR Week]

bloggerblogger /�blɒ"ə/ noun a person whocreates or runs a weblogblogosphereblogosphere /�blɒ"ə|�sfə/ noun theWorld Wide Web environment in whichbloggers communicate with each otherblogwareblogware /�blɒ"weə/ noun computersoftware tools for creating a weblogblotting paperblotting paper /�blɒtŋ �pepə/ nounabsorbent paper, which is not sized orcoated in any way, used to soak up excessink

blow upblow up /�bləυ ��p/ verb to enlarge aphotographblowupblowup /�bləυ|��p/ noun a photograph orillustration greatly enlarged for exhibitionpurposesblueblue /blu�/ noun US a proof taken from afilm contacted on coated paper. � diazopaper, ozalid, vandyke (NOTE: The usualUK term is ozalid.)blue keyblue key /�blu� ki�/ noun proofs takenfrom films contacted on coated paper,usually blue, but also possibly brown orblackblue line keyblue line key /�blu� lan �ki�/ noun paperwith a key for the page layout drawn inblue which disappears when filmed, onwhich camera-ready copy or artwork ispositionedblue pencilblue pencil /�blu� �pensəl/ noun a pencilused to mark correctionsblue-pencilblue-pencil /�blu� �pensl/ verb to edit apiece of writing by marking it, in order toshorten, censor or delete itblueprintblueprint /�blu�prnt/ noun 1. a photo-graphic copy of construction plans usuallyprinted in white on blue paper 2. a detailedplan of somethingblueprint paperblueprint paper /�blu�prnt �pepə/noun special coated paper, used to makeblueprints. � diazo paperBluetoothBluetooth /�blu�tu�θ/ a trade name for atechnology that enables portable electronicdevices such as mobile phones, to connectwith each other and the Internetblurblur /bl!�/ noun an image where the edgesor colours are not clearblurbblurb /bl!�b/ noun a short piece of writingthat praises and promotes something, espe-cially a paragraph on the cover of a bookblurbwriterblurbwriter /�bl!�bratə/ noun a person,usually a member of an advertising depart-ment, who writes blurbs for booksblurredblurred /bl!�d/ adjective unclear becausethere is no distinct outline.bmp.bmp suffix a file extension for a bit mapfileBNBBNB abbreviation British National Bibli-ographyboardboard /bɔ�d/ noun 1. thick sturdy mate-rial used to form the foundation of bookcovers, made from pressed fibres andusually covered with cloth or other mate-rial. � art board, ivory board, pulp board,chipboard, grey board, millboard,pasteboard, strawboard 2. one piece ofthis material, cut to size 3. the controlling


27 bookbinding

group of people in a company or organisa-tion also known as the board of directors

COMMENT: Board is a stiff paper productused for binding books; heavy board is alsoused for making rigid boxes and cartons.Boards used in bookbinding can be dividedinto two groups: (a) boards, usually 180–280gsm, which are used for paperbacks (b)boards used for the front and back covers ofcased books, usually covered with paper ora binding material such as cloth or leather.

board meetingboard meeting /�bɔ�d �mi�tŋ/ noun ameeting of the directors to discusscompany businessboard of directorsboard of directors /�bɔ�d əv da|

�rektəz/ noun a group of directors electedby the shareholders to run a companyboard papersboard papers /�bɔ�d �pepəz/ pluralnoun the endpapers, which are glued to thecover boardsBodleianBodleian /�bɒdliən/ noun the mainlibrary of Oxford University, one ofEngland’s copyright deposit librariesBodoniBodoni /bɒ |�dəυni/ noun a typefacedesigned by Giambattista Bodoni in the17th century, with very thick stems andvery thin serifs giving a rigid appearancebodybody /�bɒdi/ noun 1. an official group ofpeople 2. the main part of the text in adocumentbody matterbody matter /�bɒdi �m�tə/ noun themain section of text excluding prelims andsupplementsbody paperbody paper /�bɒdi �pepə/ noun thickpaper used to make coated paper. Alsocalled body stockbody sizebody size /�bɒdi saz/ noun 1. the lengthof a section of text from top to bottom inpoints 2. the size of the metal body of apiece of type, measured from the top of theascenders to the bottom of the descenders

COMMENT: Both body size and body widthare measured in points. The typeface maynot be the same size as its body. If an 8ptface is cast on a 10pt body, this will havethe effect of giving extra leading betweenthe lines: this would be called ‘8 on 10 point’or 8/10.

body stockbody stock /�bɒdi stɒk/ noun same asbody paperbody typebody type /�bɒdi tap/ noun US the fontused for the main part of the text, asopposed to the style of type used for head-ings, notes, etc.body widthbody width /�bɒdi wdθ/ noun the sizeof the metal body of a piece of type, meas-ured across‘Boekblad’‘Boekblad’ noun a Dutch magazinedealing with publishing matters

bogofbogof /�bɒ"ɒf/ noun the practice ofgiving free gifts to customers, e.g. one freeitem for each one bought. Full form buyone get one freeboil downboil down /�bɔl �daυn/ verb to condenseor summarise something such as informa-tion or textboilerplateboilerplate /�bɔləplet/ noun US fixedor formulaic language such as that used inlegal forms and documents, e.g. powers ofattorney and authors’ contractsboilerplate contractboilerplate contract /�bɔləplet�kɒntr�kt/ noun a basic standard versionof a contract that can be used again andagainboldbold /bəυld/ adjective having darker,thicker lines than standard type, fonts orlettering � noun type, fonts or letteringwith darker, thicker lines than is standard,used for emphasis � verb to set, print, ordisplay text in bold type

COMMENT: To show that a piece of text hasto be set in boldface, a sub-editor willunderline it with a wavy line.

bold-condensedbold-condensed /�bəυld kən |�denst/adjective boldface type which is narrowerthan normalboldfaceboldface /�bəυldfes/ adjective, noun,verb PRINTING same as boldbolle-abolle-a noun the letter ‘a’ with a smallcircle over it (å), used in some Scandina-vian languagesboltsbolts /bəυlts/ plural noun the foldededges of the pages of a book which hasbeen gathered and sewn, but not trimmed(NOTE: If a book is bound in this state it issaid to be ‘uncut’, that is, the pages are stillfolded at the head and foredge.)bond paperbond paper /�bɒnd �pepə/ noun good-quality paper weighing 60–100gsm, oftenused for correspondencebookbook /bυk/ noun a collection of pagescontaining text and sometimes pictures,bound together inside a coverbook auctionbook auction /�bυk �ɔ�kʃ(ə)n/ noun asale of secondhand or rare books, wherebuyers bid for the books, the personmaking the highest bid buying the bookbook auction housebook auction house /�bυk �ɔ�kʃ(ə)n�haυs/ noun a company that specialises inthe sale of old books by auctionbookbinderbookbinder /�bυk |�bandə/ noun some-body who binds books, especially as aprofessionbookbindingbookbinding /�bυk|�bandŋ/ noun theart of binding books


book block 28book blockbook block /�bυk blɒk/ noun a book thathas been printed, folded, gathered andsewn ready for binding. Also called textblockbook busbook bus /�bυk b�s/ noun a busconverted to act as a mobile library usuallyin residential areasbookbuyerbookbuyer /�bυk|�baə/ noun a personwho buys books, especially wholesale for alarge bookshopbookcasebookcase /�bυkkes/ noun a piece offurniture with shelves for booksbook clothbook cloth /�bυk klɒθ/ noun a coveringmaterial for cased books, especially libraryeditionsbook clubbook club /�bυk kl�b/ noun a system ofbuying and selling books by post, usuallyon specialist subjects

COMMENT: Book clubs do not alwayscharge their members a subscription,though members usually have to guaranteethat they will purchase a certain number ofbooks from the club each year. For thepublisher, the sale of a title to a book club isa useful (and sometimes crucial) increaseto the print run, as it is assumed that mostbook club members would not purchase thebook through a bookshop if it were notoffered to them by the club. The publisherusually sells the book to a club at a discountoff the normal published price and the clubsells it to its members at a similar discount.If the publisher sells the book at 75% off theretail price, the club will resell it at 25%below the retail price. So a book retailing at£16 will be sold by the publisher to the clubat £4 and the club will sell it to the membersat £12. Some discounts are higher thanthis, and are similar to remainder prices.

book club choicebook club choice /�bυk kl�b �tʃɔs/noun a book that has been chosen by abook club as a special offer for its members� His novel is the Book Club Choice forNovember.book club editionbook club edition /�bυk kl�b |

�dʃ(ə)n/ noun an edition of a bookspecially printed and bound for a book clubfor sale to its membersbook club pricebook club price /�bυk kl�b �pras/noun a special price for members of a bookclub, usually 75% or less of the normalretail price in the publisher’s editionbook club rightsbook club rights /�bυk kl�b �rats/plural noun the right to publish a book in abook club editionbook club selectionbook club selection /�bυk kl�b s|

�lekʃən/ noun a book that is speciallychosen as a lead title for a book clubbook coverbook cover /�bυk �k�və/ noun a papercover which is put on a book to protect it or

to make it attractive. Also called bookjacket, book wrapperbook designbook design /�bυk d|�zan/ noun thedesign of a book, both the typography andthe page layoutbook designerbook designer /�bυk d |�zanə/ noun aperson who designs booksBookExpo AmericaBookExpo America /�bυkekspəυ ə |

�merkə/ noun a book fair held in Chicagoin May/June, formerly called the ‘ABA’book exportbook export /�bυk �ekspɔ�t/ noun abook produced in one country and sold inanotherbook fairbook fair /�bυk feə/ noun a trade exhibi-tion with the object of publicising, sellingand exchanging books

COMMENT: The major international fairs areheld all year round. The most important arethe London Book Fair (March); the BolognaBook Fair (March/April); the Paris Salon duLivre (March); the BookExpo America(May/June); the Moscow Book Fair(September); the Frankfurt Book Fair(October). There are many other book fairsin various countries; and many specialisedfairs as well. Book fairs have existed asmeetings for trade since books wereinvented: the Frankfurt Book Fair existedeven in the later Middle Ages. Originallythey were places where merchants couldbuy and sell manuscripts; they have alwayshad an international element, and even theearliest book fairs were patronised bydealers from various countries in Europe.Book fairs can now be divided into two maincategories: (a) rights fairs (like the FrankfurtBook Fair, or the London Book Fair), wherepublishers sell rights in books to publishersfrom other countries, and also meet agentsand representatives; and (b) selling fairs(such as the Geneva Book Fair) wherebooks can be sold to the visitors from thestands.

book inksbook inks /�bυk ŋks/ plural noun inksthat are used for printing the text of booksbook jacketbook jacket /�bυk �d��kt/ noun sameas book coverbook learningbook learning /�bυk �l!�nŋ/ nounknowledge obtained from books instead offrom experiencebookletbooklet /�bυklət/ noun a small book witha paper cover, often used for informationbook listbook list /�bυk lst/ noun a list of bookson a specific subject or by a particularauthorbooklorebooklore /�bυklɔ�/ noun informationabout books, especially their authors andthe circumstances of their publicationbookmakerbookmaker /�bυkmekə/ noun a bookdesigner, printer or binder


29 boothbookmarkbookmark /�bυkmɑ�k/ noun 1. a narrowstrip of material or paper used to mark theplace in a book where the reader hasstopped reading temporarily 2. a code usedby a multimedia title or web browser thatallows the user to go back to the same pointagain in the future 3. the address of anInternet site, saved so that the user caneasily return to the site � verb to add anInternet address to a list of bookmarksbook marketbook market /�bυk �mɑ�kt/ noun thenumber of potential buyers for booksbook paperbook paper /�bυk �pepə/ noun specialpaper used for printing booksbook platebook plate /�bυk plet/ noun a deco-rated piece of paper stuck in the front of thebook with the name of the owner written orprinted on itbook postbook post /�bυk pəυst/ noun speciallycheap postage rates for sending booksbook proofsbook proofs /�bυk pru�fs/ plural nounpage proofs of a book which are bound upin a paper cover, often used as advanceproofsbook publisherbook publisher /�bυk �p�blʃə/ noun acompany that publishes booksbook reviewbook review /�bυk r |�vju�/ noun criticalcomments on a book, especially when it isfirst publishedbook reviews pagebook reviews page /�bυk r|�vju�z�ped�/ noun a page in a newspaper whichgives reviews of recent books, and usuallycarries advertisements from publishersbooksellerbookseller /�bυkselə/ noun a person orcompany that sells books‘Bookseller, The’‘Bookseller, The’ /ðə �bυkselə/ noun ajournal providing information especiallyinteresting to booksellers and publishersBooksellers Association, TheBooksellers Association, The /ðə�bυkseləz ə|�səυsieʃ(ə)n/ noun an organ-isation representing the interests of Britishbooksellers. Abbr BABooksellers Clearing HouseBooksellers Clearing House/�bυkseləz �klərŋ �haυs/ noun a systemused in the UK for payments of publishers’accounts by booksellers. Each bookselleradds together the total of the accounts dueto all publishers, and sends them with onecheque to the clearing house, which thenconsolidates the payments from all thebooksellers and settles each publisher’saccount separately.booksellingbookselling /�bυk|�selŋ/ noun the busi-ness of selling booksbookshopbookshop /�bυkʃɒp/ noun a shop thatspecialises in selling books

book signingbook signing /�bυk �sanŋ/ noun anoccasion on which an author visits a book-shop and signs copies of the book whichmembers of the public have boughtbookstallbookstall /�bυkstɔ�l/, bookstand/�bυkst�nd/ noun a table in a market orfair where books are soldbookstorebookstore /�bυkstɔ�/ noun 1. a space ina library devoted to storage of books anddocuments not frequently used 2. US sameas bookshopbook tokenbook token /�bυk �təυkən/ noun a cardbought to give as a gift which can only beused to buy booksbook tradebook trade /�bυk tred/ noun the busi-ness of buying and selling booksBook TrustBook Trust /�bυk tr�st/ noun an inde-pendent body, formerly known as theNational Book League, which promotesbooks and reading and also offers an infor-mation servicebook valuebook value /�bυk �v�lju�/ noun thevalue of an asset as recorded in thecompany’s booksbook wholesalerbook wholesaler /�həυlsel �bυkselə/noun same as wholesale bookseller(NOTE: US English is book jobber.)bookworkbookwork /�bυkw!�k/ noun the keepingof financial recordsbookwormbookworm /�bυkw!�m/ noun a personwho is very fond of reading

‘Cardiff is a city of bookworms,compared to its European counterparts.Each resident takes out an average ofseven books a year [from the library] –above the European average – but not apatch on Ljubljana in Slovenia, where thefigure is 21 books a year.’ [SouthWales Echo]

book wrapperbook wrapper /�bυk �r�pə/ noun sameas book coverBooleanBoolean /�bu�liən/ adjective using asystem of symbolic logic that uses combi-nations of logical operators such as ‘AND’,‘OR’ and ‘NOT’ to determine relationshipsbetween entities. Boolean operations areextensively used in writing computerprograms and in computer searches usingkeywords.boostboost /bu�st/ verb to increase something� to boost the market for booksboothbooth /bu�ð/ noun US a separate sectionof a commercial fair where one companyexhibits its products or services (NOTE: TheGB English for this is stand.)


borax 30boraxborax /�bɔ�r�ks/ noun a chemicalsubstance used to develop photographicfilm quicklyborderborder /�bɔ�də/ noun a strip, line or bandaround the edge of somethingborn-digitalborn-digital /�bɔ�n �dd�t(ə)l/ adjec-tive of a document, created and stored in adigital format and not existing in hard copyborrowborrow /�bɒrəυ/ verb to take somethingaway temporarily with the intention ofreturning itborrowerborrower /�bɒrəυə/ noun a person whoborrows something � Borrowers areallowed to keep library books for twoweeks.borrowingsborrowings /�bɒrəυŋz/ plural nounbooks borrowed from a library‘Börsenblatt’‘Börsenblatt’ noun a German weeklymagazine dealing with publishing mattersbottleneckbottleneck /�bɒt(ə)lnek/ noun a situa-tion in which one section of an operationcannot cope with the amount of work it hasto do, and business activity is slowed downas a result � There is a serious bottleneck inthe production department.bottombottom /�bɒtəm/ noun the lowest part orpoint � The folios are centred at the bottomof each page.bottom linebottom line /�bɒtəm �lan/ noun themost important consideration in a discus-sionbottom marginbottom margin /�bɒtəm �mɑ�d�n/noun the margin along the bottom of apage. Also called foot marginbottom outbottom out /�bɒtəm �aυt/ verb US toarrange the typeset text so that there are nowidows or orphansbottom spacebottom space /�bɒtəm �spes/ nounblank lines at the bottom of a page ofprinted textbought ledgerbought ledger /�bɔ�t �led�ə/ noun sameas purchase ledgerboundbound /baυnd/ adjective used to describea book or other written document that hasa permanent, usually hard, coverbounding boxbounding box /�baυndŋ bɒks/ noun arectangle that determines the size, positionand shape of a graphic image or video clipbourgeoisbourgeois /�bυə�wɑ�/ noun a type sizenow no longer used, equivalent to 9 pointbowbow /baυ/ verb to curl or not lie flat

COMMENT: The pages of a book will bow ifthe book is printed with the grain of thepaper running across the page, as opposedto down the page from top to bottom.

bowdlerisebowdlerise /�baυdləraz/, bowdlerizeverb to change a text by omitting anythingwhich may be thought to be offensive; socalled after Thomas Bowdler who in 1818‘cleaned up’ an edition of Shakespeare’splaysbowlbowl /bəυl/ noun a line forming therounded part of a letter, such as the roundpart of a ‘b’, ‘p’ or ‘c’boxbox /bɒks/ noun 1. a cardboard, woodenor plastic container � The books were sentin strong cardboard boxes. 2. a straightrule running round a section of text or anillustration � The sections in boxes givehints on legal problems.box boardbox board /�bɒks bɔ�d/ noun the boardused for making cardboard boxesboxedboxed /bɒkst/ adjective put in a box orsold in a boxboxed setboxed set /�bɒkst �set/ noun a set ofbooks sold together in a boxbox filebox file /�bɒks fal/ noun a cardboardbox for holding documentsbox inbox in /�bɒks �n/ verb to surround asection of text with a rulebox numberbox number /�bɒks �n�mbə/ noun anumber used as an address, often in replyto an advertisement in a newspaper ormagazinebpibpi abbreviation bits per inchBPIFBPIF /�bi� pi� a �ef/ noun an organisationrepresenting the interests of Britishprinting companies. Full form BritishPrinting Industries FederationBPOPBPOP abbreviation bulk-packed onpalletsBPPBPP abbreviation bits per pixelBPSBPS, bps abbreviation bits per secondbracebrace /bres/ noun either of a pair ofsymbols, { }, used singly in printing orwriting to group items together in a table orlist or as a pair in mathematical formulae.Also called curly bracketbracketedbracketed /�br�ktd/ adjective joinedto the main part of a letter with a curvedlinebracketed serifbracketed serif /�br�ktd �serf/ nouna serif which is joined to the main part of aletter with a curved linebracket togetherbracket together /�br�kt tə|�"eðə/verb to print brackets round several itemsto show that they are treated in the sameway and separated from the rest of the textBrailleBraille /brel/ noun a system of printingthat enables blind people to read by feeling


31 bring out

with their fingers letters which are printedas groups of raised dotsBraillerBrailler /�brelə/ noun a machine similarto a typewriter that prints Braillebrakebrake /brek/ noun a device which regu-lates the tension of paper as it runs througha machinebranchbranch /brɑ�ntʃ/ noun a local subsectionof a business or organisationbrandbrand /br�nd/ noun a carefully-constructed image attached to a companyand their products, recognisable by a nameor logobrand imagebrand image /�br�nd �md�/ noun thepicture that people have in their minds of aproduct associated with the brand namebrand newbrand new /�br�nd �nju�/ adjectivecompletely new, direct from the manufac-turerbrassbrass /brɑ�s/ noun an alloy made ofcopper and zincbrass rulebrass rule /�brɑ�s �ru�l/ noun a rulemade of brass, used for long lines orborders in letterpressbrayerbrayer /�breə/ noun a roller for puttingink on a plate by hand, when taking proofsbreach of contractbreach of contract /�bri�tʃ əv�kɒntr�kt/ noun failure to carry out theterms of an agreementbreach of warrantybreach of warranty /�bri�tʃ əv�wɒrənti/ noun failure to do somethingthat is a part of a contractbreadcrumbsbreadcrumbs /�bredkr�mz/ pluralnoun a form of navigation on a webpage inwhich its location is indicated by a hierar-chical list of pages above the current one,leading up to the main pagebreakbreak /brek/ noun 1. a point at which aword is split at the end of a line � We mustcheck the page proofs for bad breaks. 2. apoint at which something or somebodystops working � She typed for two hourswithout a break. � The print run was heldup by several paper breaks.break downbreak down /�brek �daυn/ verb to sepa-rate something into smaller parts so that itis easier to deal withbreakdownbreakdown /�brekdaυn/ noun asummary, explanation or analysis of dataitems collectedbreakerbreaker /�brekə/ noun a vat in whichpaper pulp is broken and washed beforebeing bleachedbreak evenbreak even /�brek �i�v(ə)n/ verb tomake enough money to cover one’s

expenses but making neither a profit nor alossbreakeven pointbreakeven point /�brek|�i�v(ə)n�pɔnt/ noun the point at which sales covercosts, but do not show a profit � Thebreakeven point for this title is 4,562copies.break linebreak line /�brek lan/ noun the lastline, usually a short line, at the end of aparagraphbreak offbreak off /�brek �ɒf/ noun an editor’sinstruction to a typesetter showing that texthas to start a new linebreak upbreak up /�brek ��p/ verb to take aforme of type apart when it is no longerneeded and distribute the pieces of typebrevebreve /bri�v/ noun a symbol used above avowel to show that it is pronounced short(NOTE: The breve is used particularly inprinting Latin poetry.)brevierbrevier /brə|�viə/ noun an old type sizeequivalent to 8 pointbricks-and-mortarbricks-and-mortar /�brks ən �mɔ�tə/adjective conducting business in the tradi-tional way in buildings such as shops andwarehouses and not being involved in e-commerce. Compare clicks-and-mortarbrightbright /brat/ adjective clear and light �The jacket must be brighter, with more redand yellow. � We need a bright design forthe title page.bright and unmarkedbright and unmarked /�brat ən �n|

�mɑ�kt/ adjective of a book, especially asecond-hand book, with no fading, dirtyingor marks on the pages caused by e.g.fingerprints or smudgesbrightenbrighten /�brat(ə)n/ verb to makebrighter � Can you brighten up this coverdesign?brilliantbrilliant /�brljənt/ noun an old type sizeequivalent to 4 pointbring downbring down /�brŋ �daυn/ verb 1. to putsomething lower down � Can you bringdown the illustration to the bottom of thepage? 2. to make smaller � If we broughtthe point size down to 7 point, what effectwould this have on the extent? � Bybringing the captions down to 4 point, werisk making them illegible.bring forwardbring forward /�brŋ �fɔ�wəd/ verb tomake something happen earlier � Thepublicity department wants us to bringforward the publication date.bring outbring out /�brŋ �əυt/ verb to publish anew book � We hope to bring out the series


brisk 32

in time for Christmas. � They brought out abook on British football.briskbrisk /brsk/ adjective selling actively �The demand for gardening books is partic-ularly brisk at this time of year.BristolBristol /�brst(ə)l bɔ�d/, Bristol boardnoun fine white card made of severalsheets stuck together, used especially forprinting visiting cards and business cardsBriticisationBriticisation, Briticization nounchanging the spelling and style of a bookwritten in English from American toBritish EnglishBriticiseBriticise, Briticize verb to change thespelling and style of a book written inEnglish from American to BritishBritishBritish /�brtʃ/ adjective relating toGreat BritainBritish Books in PrintBritish Books in Print /�brtʃ bυksn �prnt/ noun a publication containingbibliographical details of all publishedbooks in the UK. Abbr BBIPBritish National BibliographyBritish National Bibliography/�brtʃ �n�ʃ(ə)nəl �bbli |�ɒ"rəfi/ noun anorganisation which issues a weekly list inprinted form and on CD-ROM of all thebooks published in Great Britain andproduces monthly and annual cumulativeindexes. Abbr BNBBritish Printing Industries FederationBritish Printing Industries Federa-tion /�brtʃ �prntŋ �ndυstri�z�fedəreʃ(ə)n/ noun full form of BPIFBritish Society of IndexersBritish Society of Indexers /�brtʃsə|�saəti əv �ndeksəz/ noun a supportassociation for professional indexers. AbbrBSIBritish Standards InstitutionBritish Standards Institution/�brtʃ �st�ndədz �nsttju�ʃ(ə)n/ nounthe approved British body for the prepara-tion and publication of national standardsfor the production of goods and services.Abbr BSIBritish Talking Book Service for the BlindBritish Talking Book Service forthe Blind noun an organisation whicharranges for written materials to berecorded on to audio tape so that blindpeople can listen to themBritish traditional marketBritish traditional market /�brtʃ trə |

�dʃ(ə)nəl �mɑ�kt/ noun the areas of theworld representing the old British Empire,including Australia, New Zealand,Canada, India and much of Africa and theCaribbean. � European rights

COMMENT: Publishing contracts betweenBritish and American companies formerlyallotted the British traditional market to theBritish publisher, leaving the USA itself (and

usually Canada) to the American publisher.This arrangement is now not so common,and territories like Australia are becoming‘open’ or indeed are the subject of specialterritorial licences.

broadbroad /brɔ�d/ adjective comprehensive incontent, knowledge, experience, ability orapplicationbroadbandbroadband /�brɔ�db�nd/ noun aconnection to the Internet that allows it toremain connected while still using phoneand fax facilities on the same line, sincemany signals can be transmitted simultane-ously � adjective able to transfer largeamounts of data at high speedbroadcastbroadcast /�brɔ�dkɑ�st/ noun aprogramme made for transmission on radioor television � verb 1. to send out words,music or signals by radio waves 2. to makesomething widely knownbroadcasting rightsbroadcasting rights /�brɔ�dkɑ�stŋrats/ plural noun the right to perform aplay or to read sections of a book or otherwork on radiobroad foldbroad fold /�brɔ�d fəυld/ noun a way offolding sheets of printed paper to form abook, so that the grain of the paper runsfrom top to bottom of a page, parallel to thespine of the bookbroadsheetbroadsheet /�brɔ�dʃi�t/ noun anythingprinted on large sheets of paper, but espe-cially one of the more serious newspapersbroadsidebroadside /�brɔ�dsad/ noun 1. an uncutsheet of paper 2. paper which has printingon one side only and is not folded, such asan advertising poster 3. US a publicityleaflet 4. US a landscape page, which isprinted sideways reading from bottom totop, used for tables and chartsbrochurebrochure /�brəυʃə/ noun a magazine orbooklet with pictures giving informationabout a product or service

COMMENT: A brochure usually has only afew pages (typically 8 or 16) and is notsewn, but can be saddle-stitched. It usuallyhas a self-cover.

brochure sitebrochure site /�brəυʃə sat/ noun awebsite that gives details of a company’sproducts and contact informationbrokebroke /brəυk/ noun odd bits of papercollected during the papermaking processand reusedbroken linebroken line /�brəυkən �lan/ noun a linemade of a series of dashesbroken reambroken ream /�brəυkən �ri�m/ nounpaper left from a ream which has not beenused up on the previous job


33 bulkbromide paperbromide paper /�brəυmad �pepə/,bromide /�brəυmad/ noun photosensitivepaper used to make bromide printsbromide printbromide print /�brəυmad/, bromide/�brəυmad prnt/ noun a photographicprint from a typeset film, a positive photo-graphic print from a negative or thefinished print from a phototypesettingmachine printed on shiny photographicpaper � The typesetter has sent us thebromides for checking. � Can you supply abromide of the corrections to pages 124and 125?bronzingbronzing /�brɒnzŋ/ noun the process ofsprinkling metal dust on freshly printed orvarnished sheets to give a metallic effectbrown paperbrown paper /�braυn �pepə/ nounthick paper for wrapping parcelsbrowsebrowse /braυz/ verb 1. to look through abook, magazine, database or shop in acasual way without definite intentions 2. toview data in a database or online systembrowserbrowser /�braυzə/ noun a softwareprogram that is used to navigate throughWorld Wide Web pages stored on theInternet. � web browserbrowsingbrowsing /�braυzŋ/ noun the act of auser moving through text or a multimediaapplication in no particular orderbrush coatingbrush coating /�br�ʃ �kəυtŋ/ noun theprocess of coating paper by painting it withbrushes in a special machinebrush upbrush up /�br�ʃ ��p/ verb to refresh orrenew one’s knowledge of or skill in some-thingB seriesB series /�bi� �səri�z/, B sizes pluralnoun ISO recommended paper sizes forposters and other large printed items, thebasic size being 1414 x 1000mm. � Aseries, C seriesBSIBSI abbreviation 1. British Society ofIndexers 2. British Standards Institutionbubblebubble /�b�b(ə)l/ noun a round shapecontaining the ‘spoken’ words in a cartoonBuchmesseBuchmesse /�bυxmesə/ noun aGerman book fair, such as the FrankfurtBook Fairbucklebuckle /�b�k(ə)l/ verb to swell because ofheatbuckle folderbuckle folder /�b�k(ə)l �fəυldə/ noun adevice for folding paper where the sheet ismade to buckle by pulling it through rollersagainst a metal platebuckle foldingbuckle folding /�b�k(ə)l �fəυldŋ/ nouna method of folding paper where the sheet

is made to buckle by pulling it throughrollers against a metal platebucklingbuckling /�b�klŋ/ noun distortion andbending of film due to heat or drynessbuckrambuckram /�b�krəm/ noun a coarse cottonor linen fabric that has been stiffened withstarch, gum or latex, used in bookbindingbudgetbudget /�b�d�t/ noun a financial planshowing how much money is available andhow it is proposed to spend it � verb toallow pre-determined amounts of moneyfor specific purposesbudgetary controlbudgetary control /�b�d�t(ə)ri kən |

�trəυl/ noun the act of keeping a check onspendingbudget variancebudget variance /�b�d�t �veəriəns/noun the difference between the cost asestimated for a budget and the actual costbuffbuff /b�f/ adjective having a pale browncolour, as of manilla envelopesbufferbuffer /�b�fə/ noun a temporary storagearea for data being transmitted betweentwo devices that function at differentspeeds. A buffer enables a faster devicesuch as a computer to complete sending thedata and begin another task withoutwaiting for a slower device such as aprinter.bugbug /b�"/ noun 1. a problem or mistake ina computer program 2. a tracking orsurveillance devicebuildbuild /bld/ verb to make a list bypublishing a series of titles � The neweditor has a lot of list-building experience.build intobuild into /�bld �ntu�/ verb to addsomething to a thing that is being set up �You must build all the forecasts into thebudget.build upbuild up /�bld ��p/ verb 1. to createsomething by adding pieces together � Hebought several small lists and graduallybuilt up a publishing company. 2. toexpand something gradually � to build upa profitable business � to build up a teamof salesmenbulkbulk /b�lk/ noun the thickness of paper �verb � to bulk up to use bulky paper tomake a book appear thicker � The book isonly 96 pages but we bulked it up so thatwe can price it at £9.99.

COMMENT: In Europe, paper bulk ismeasured either in microns (the thicknessof one leaf) or by giving a volume factorwhich gives the bulk in millimetres of 200pages of 100gsm. In the USA, bulk ismeasured by the number of pages per inchof thickness (p.p.i.). Hardwood pulpproduces paper which is bulkier than


bulk buying 34

softwood. Bulky mechanicals are usedparticularly for paperbacks. Light bulkypaper (such as antique featherweight) isused for children’s books.

bulk buyingbulk buying /�b�lk �baŋ/ noun the actof buying a large quantity of something toobtain a cheaper price. Also called bulkpurchasebulk factorbulk factor /�b�lk �f�ktə/ noun US away of measuring paper bulk according tothe number of pages of a particular type ofpaper which make one inch in heightbulkingbulking /�b�lkŋ/ noun the general thick-ness of a bookbulking dummybulking dummy /�bυlkŋ �d�mi/ nouna dummy book, made with the correctpaper and binding, to test its weight, bulkand overall appearancebulking indexbulking index /�bυlkŋ �ndeks/ nounUS a measurement of paper bulk, calcu-lated by dividing the thickness in p.p.i. bythe basis weight. See Comment at bulkbulking numberbulking number /�bυlkŋ �n�mbə/noun a measurement of the number ofsheets per inchbulking paperbulking paper /�bυlkŋ �pepə/ nounspecially thick paper which is used to makea book thickerbulk orderbulk order /�b�lk �ɔ�də/ noun an orderfor a large quantity of materialbulk-packed on palletsbulk-packed on pallets /�b�lk p�ktɒn �p�lts/ adjective packed loose onpallets but shrink-wrapped for security �Paper is often bulk-packed on pallets asdistinct from ream-wrapped. Abbr BPOPbulk purchasebulk purchase /�b�lk �p!�tʃs/ nounsame as bulk buyingbulk shipmentbulk shipment /�b�lk �ʃpmənt/ noun ashipment of a large quantity of goodsbulk stockbulk stock /�b�lk stɒk/ noun a largequantity of stock of a book, held in a sepa-rate part of the warehouse from the binstockbulk wrappingbulk wrapping /�b�lk �r�pŋ/ noun thewrapping of several copies of a magazineor small book for dispatchbulkybulky /�b�lki/ adjective referring to paperwhich is thick and heavy � We used espe-cially bulky paper for the children’s books.bulletbullet /�bυlt/ noun a large printed dotused to highlight items in a printed listbulletin boardbulletin board /�bυltn bɔ�d/ noun anelectronic discussion network and infor-mation databasebullet pointbullet point /�bυlt pɔnt/ nounPRINTING same as bullet

bumfbumf /b�mf/ noun unwanted or uninter-esting printed material, especially officialforms and documentsbump colourbump colour /�b�mp �k�lə/ noun aspecial colour added to a four-colour sepa-ration to enhance tonal rangebundled servicebundled service /�b�nd(ə)ld �s!�vs/noun a collection of several different serv-ices sold as a packagebundlingbundling /�b�ndlŋ/ noun 1. the act oftying items up into bundles for transport,such as packs of newspapers or magazines2. the act of stacking printed and foldedsections for storage until required, with theforedge alternately to the right and left sideof the stack so that the pile stays flat 3. USthe act of pressing sewn signatures so thatthey lie flatburinburin /�bjυərn/ noun a tool like a needleused to engrave on copper platesburnburn /b!�n/ noun the length of exposureof a metal plate � verb to copy data on to aCD-ROM or DVD-ROM. It can then beused to transport the content or to createmultiple copies.burnishburnish /�b!�nʃ/ verb to smooth out anywrinkles in a paste-up board where thegalleys have been affixedburnishingburnishing /�b!�nʃŋ/ noun 1. theprocess of making gold or silver stampingsharper by running the paper through thepress a second time, with copper foilcovering the die 2. the process of polishingthe gold or silver leaf on edges of books togive it a brighter appearanceburst bindingburst binding /�b!�st �bandŋ/ noun atype of perfect binding where the collatedpages are slashed in the spines before theglue and covers are put onbursterburster /�b!�stə/ noun a machine thatcuts continuous stationery into separatesheetsburst testburst test /�b!�st test/ noun a test of thestrength of paperburst testerburst tester /�b!�st �testə/ noun adevice for testing the strength of paperbusbus /b�s/ noun 1. a communication linkconsisting of a set of leads or wires whichconnects different parts of a computerhardware system, and over which data istransmitted and received by variouscircuits in the system 2. a central source ofinformation which supplies several devicesbusiness cardbusiness card /�bzns kɑ�d/ noun asmall card giving the name and businessdetails of a person


35 bytebusiness collegebusiness college /�bzns �kɒld�/noun a college which teaches general busi-ness methodsbusiness expensesbusiness expenses /�bzns k |

�spensz/ plural noun money spent onrunning a business, not on stock or assetsbusiness planbusiness plan /�bzns pl�n/ noun aproposal for a new business, presented to abank or other institution when asking for aloanbutt registerbutt register /�b�t �red�stə/ noun aprinted register in which adjacent printedareas meet precisely at the edges, withoutoverlap or a gap between them. Comparelap registerbuybuy /ba/ verb to get something by payingmoney � to buy wholesale and sell retail �to buy for cash � He bought 10 tonnes ofpaper. � The company has been bought byits leading supplier.buy aroundbuy around /�ba ə |�raυnd/ verb to buystock of books in contravention of exclu-sive market arrangements � SomeAustralian bookstores may try to buyaround to get books more cheaply thanfrom the exclusive distributors.buyerbuyer /�baə/ noun 1. a person who buyssomething 2. a person who buys goods

from a wholesaler, which are then stockedby a large store 3. a publisher who buys thereprint rights in a book from the originalpublisher, especially the right to reprint thebook in another countrybuyers’ market

buyers’ market /�baəz �mɑ�kt/ nouna market in which products are soldcheaply because there are few buyersbuy in

buy in /�ba �n/ verb to buy a book readymade and publish it, rather than editing itfrom the manuscript � We rely on bought-in titles to build up the list.buying

buying /�baŋ/ noun the act of gettingsomething in exchange for moneybuying department

buying department /�baŋ d |

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a department in acompany which buys raw materials orgoods for use in the companybuying forward

buying forward /�baŋ �fɔ�wəd/ nounsame as forward buyingbyline

byline /�balan/ noun a line giving thename of the author of a newspaper ormagazine articlebyte

byte /bat/ noun a measurement used toexpress data or memory capacity of acomputer


C© symbol a symbol denoting copyright,placed by law before the name of the ownerof the copyright and the year of first publi-cation

COMMENT: The symbol adopted by theUniversal Copyright Convention in Genevain 1952. Publications bearing the symbolare automatically covered by theconvention. The copyright line in a bookshould give the © followed by the name ofthe copyright holder and the date.

cc abbreviation 1. PUBL chapter 2. HIST circaC1SC1S abbreviation coated one sideC2SC2S abbreviation coated two sidesCADCAD /k�d/ abbreviation computer-aideddesignCAD/CAMCAD/CAM /�k�d k�m/ noun interactionbetween computers used for designingproducts and those used for manufacturingthemcaesuracaesura /s |�sjυərə/ noun a break in aline of poetrycakedcaked /kekt/ adjective relating to typethat has become stuck togethercalculationcalculation /�k�lkjυ|�leʃ(ə)n/ noun theanswer to a problem in mathematicscalendarcalendar /�k�lndə/ noun a printed tableor chart which shows the days, weeks andmonths of the yearcalendar monthcalendar month /�k�lndə m�nθ/noun a period of time, usually 30 or 31days, measured according to an establishedwestern calendar rather than naturalchanges of the mooncalendar yearcalendar year /�k�lndə �jə/ noun aperiod of time, usually 12 months, meas-ured according to an established westerncalendar rather than natural changes of themooncalendercalender /�k�ləndə/ noun a series ofpairs of rollers through which paper ispassed to give it a smooth finish � verb topass paper through rollers so that it has a

shiny finish � The book is printed on calen-dered paper.calenderingcalendering /�k�ləndərŋ/ noun theprocess of rolling paper to give it a smoothfinish. � supercalenderingcalender stackcalender stack /�k�ləndə st�k/ nouna set of rollers for calendering papercalfcalf /kɑ�f/ noun a soft leather used forbinding bookscalf clothcalf cloth /�kɑ�f klɒθ/ noun imitationleather made of woven materialCalifornia job caseCalifornia job case /�k�l|�fɔ�niə�d�ɒb kes/ noun a case for metal type,where the upper and lower case charactersare on the same level, now rarely usedcalipercaliper /�k�lpə/ noun 1. a type of meas-uring instrument which calculates thethickness of paper 2. the thickness of paper

COMMENT: In the UK, paper was formerlymeasured in mils (1 mil = one thousandth ofan inch), but it is now measured in microns(1 micron = one thousandth of a millimetre).Mils are still used in the USA.

callcall /kɔ�l/ noun 1. a conversation on thetelephone 2. a visit to somebody’s house �The reps make six calls a day.calligraphercalligrapher /kə |�l"rəfə/ noun a personwho specialises in drawing letterscalligraphic pencalligraphic pen /�k�l"r�fk pen/noun a pen with a special nib, used for finedrawing of letterscalligraphycalligraphy /kə|�l"rəfi/ noun the artisticuse of handwritingcall-outcall-out /�kɔ�l �aυt/ noun a piece of textwhich identifies some part of an illustra-tion, often connected to that part by anarrow or linecall ratecall rate /�kɔ�l ret/ noun the number ofcalls per day or per week made by a sales-personcall upcall up /�kɔ�l ��p/ verb to instruct acomputer to find and display a particularpiece of information


37 Carbro processcameracamera /�k�m(ə)rə/ noun a machinewhich takes photographs, especially inprinting, a machine which takes photo-graphs of the made-up pages of a bookcamera-readycamera-ready /�k�m(ə)rə �redi/ adjec-tive relating to material in its final publish-able format, ready to be photographed orelectronically scanned for the purpose ofpreparing printing platescamera-ready copycamera-ready copy /�k�m(ə)rə �redi�kɒpi/, camera-ready paste-up/�k�m(ə)rə �redi �pest ��p/ noun a type-script which is ready to be photographed aspart of book production. Abbr CRC, CRPUCameron pressCameron press /�k�m(ə)rən pres/noun a type of rotary letterpress printingmachine, in which plastic plates areattached to an endless belt, as opposed tocylinderscampaigncampaign /k�m|�pen/ noun a plannedmethod of workingcancelcancel /�k�ns(ə)l/ verb to cause some-thing such as a cheque or reservation to beno longer valid � noun a set of printedpages (or a single leaf) which take theplace of other pages in a printed book � Weprinted a four-page cancel for the prelimsof the book club edition.cancellationcancellation /�k�nsə|�leʃ(ə)n/ noun aninstruction to say that something is nolonger neededcancellation clausecancellation clause /�k�nsə|�leʃ(ə)nklɔ�z/ noun a clause in a contract whichstates the terms on which the contract maybe cancelledc&lcc&lc abbreviation caps and lower casec&scc&sc abbreviation caps and small capscapcap /k�p/ abbreviation capital lettercapacitycapacity /kə|�p�sti/ noun 1. the amountthat something can hold 2. (in industry) theamount that can be produced or work thatcan be donecap heightcap height /�k�p hat/ noun the heightof a capital letter from the base line to thetopcapitalcapital /�k�pt(ə)l/ noun money that isused to set up a business or invested tomake more moneycapital assetscapital assets /�k�pt(ə)l ��sets/plural noun property such as machines orequipment which a company owns andusescapital equipmentcapital equipment /�k�pt(ə)l |

�kwpmənt/ noun equipment which afactory or office uses to work

capital expenditurecapital expenditure /�k�pt(ə)l k |

�spendtʃə/ noun money spent on equip-ment or buildingscapitalisationcapitalisation /�k�pt(ə)la|�zeʃ(ə)n/,capitalization noun the act of putting aword into capital letterscapitalisecapitalise /�k�ptəlaz/, capitalize/�k�pt(ə)laz/ verb 1. to write a word incapital letters � The name of the companyis always capitalised in notices to share-holders. 2. to supply money to a workingcompanycapitalise oncapitalise on /�k�pt(ə)laz ɒn/ verb tomake a profit from � They capitalised onthe popularity of the author’s TV show.capital lettercapital letter /�k�pt(ə)l �letə/ noun theupper case form of a letter used at thebeginning of sentences and names, e.g. A,B, C as opposed to a, b, c. Abbr capcap linecap line /�k�p lan/ noun a line markingthe top of a series of capital letterscaps and lower casecaps and lower case noun a style ofsetting where the first letters of the mainwords are in capitals, and the rest of thewords in lower case. Abbr c&lccaps and small capscaps and small caps, caps andsmalls plural noun capitals and small capi-tals, a style of setting where the first letterof each word is a capital, and all the otherletters are small capitals. Abbr c&sccaps lockcaps lock /�k�ps lɒk/ noun a key on akeyboard that allows all characters to beentered as capitalscaptioncaption /�k�pʃən/ noun a note orheading to a picture or illustration � verb toprint a captioncaptive marketcaptive market /�k�ptv �mɑ�kt/noun a market in which one supplier has amonopoly and buyers have no choice overthe product that they must purchasecapturecapture /�k�ptʃə/ verb to obtain controlover something � to capture the marketcarbon blackcarbon black /�kɑ�bən bl�k/ noun avery black pigment used in makingprinting inkcarbon processcarbon process /�kɑ�bən �prəυses/noun a colour correction process used ingravure, involving three-colour carbontissues. Also called wet carbon processcarbon tissuecarbon tissue /�kɑ�bən �tʃu�/ noun 1.thin paper with a coating of carbon powder2. a sheet of light-sensitive material used inphotogravureCarbro processCarbro process /�kɑ�brəυ �prəυses/noun a colour correction process used ingravure printing, where each process


card 38

colour is carried on gelatine to allow thecolour to be checkedcardcard /kɑ�d/ noun a piece of thick, stiffpapercardboardcardboard /�kɑ�dbɔ�d/ noun thick, stiffpaper used for making boxescardboard boxcardboard box /�kɑ�dbɔ�d �bɒks/ nouna box made of cardboardcardboard tubecardboard tube /�kɑ�dbɔ�d �tju�b/noun a tube made of cardboard, used forsending posters or covers rolled up insidecard chasecard chase /�kɑ�d tʃes/ noun a smallchase for type or plates to print businesscards and other small items of stationerycard indexcard index /�kɑ�d �ndeks/ noun a seriesof cards, usually standard size 12.5 x 7.5cm, used to record holdings and kept inspecially designed drawers or boxescard-indexcard-index /�kɑ�d �ndeks/ verb to putinformation onto a card indexcard-index filecard-index file /�kɑ�d �ndeks fal/noun information kept on filing cardscard-indexingcard-indexing /�kɑ�d �ndeksŋ/ nounthe act of putting information onto a cardindex � No one can understand her card-indexing system.cardingcarding /�kɑ�dŋ/ noun the act of puttingstrips of card or thin leading between typeto give extra space or to make a page longercaret markcaret mark /�k�rət mɑ�k/, caret sign/�k�rət san/ noun a proofreading symbolto indicate that something should beinserted into the textcaricaturecaricature /�k�rkətjυə/ noun a funnydrawing which exaggerates a person’sappearance � verb to draw a caricature ofsomebodycarnetcarnet /�kɑ�ne/ noun an internationaldocument which allows dutiable goods tocross several European countries by roadwithout paying duty until the goods reachtheir final destinationcarriagecarriage /�k�rd�/ noun 1. the trans-porting of goods from one place to another,or the cost of the transport of goods � topay for carriage � to allow 10% forcarriage � Carriage is 15% of the totalcost. 2. a mechanical section of a printerthat correctly feeds, spaces or moves paperthat is being printed 3. the section of aprinting press which holds and moves theformecarriage forwardcarriage forward /�k�rd� �fɔ�wəd/adjective relating to a deal where thecustomer will pay for the shipping whenthe goods arrive

carriage freecarriage free /�k�rd� �fri�/ adjectiverelating to a deal where the customer doesnot pay for the shippingcarriage paidcarriage paid /�k�rd� �ped/ adjectiverelating to a deal where the seller has paidfor the shippingcarriage prepaidcarriage prepaid /�k�rd� �pri� |�ped/adjective relating to a deal where transportcosts have been paid in advancecarriage returncarriage return /�k�rd� r |�t!�n/ nouna signal or key that moves the cursor orprinthead to the beginning of the next lineof print or display. Abbr CRcarriage return keycarriage return key /�k�rd� r|�t!�n�ki�/ noun a key that marks the end of aline, when the machine goes to start a newline and the cursor or printhead moves tothe beginning of the next line on screen orin printingcarriage return/line feedcarriage return/line feed /�k�rd� r |

�t!�n �lan �fi�d/ noun a key that moves thecursor or printhead to the beginning of thenext line and moves the paper or text up byone line. Abbr CR/LFcarriercarrier /�k�riə/ noun 1. a company thattransports goods � We only use reputablecarriers. 2. a substance that holds the inkfor photocopying or printing processes 3. adevice that holds a section of microfilmcarrycarry /�k�ri/ verb 1. to transport some-thing from one place to another 2. tocontain or broadcast information � Thenewspaper carried a full report on theevent.car stockcar stock /�kɑ� stɒk/ noun the stock ofbooks that a rep carries in the back of his orher car, in order to be able to supply book-shops quicklycartographercartographer /kɑ�|�tɒ"rəfə/ noun aperson who draws mapscartographicalcartographical /�kɑ�tə |�"r�fk(ə)l/adjective relating to mapscartographycartography /kɑ� |�tɒ"rəfi/ noun the artof drawing mapscartoncarton /�kɑ�t(ə)n/ noun 1. thick card-board � a folder made of carton 2. a boxmade of cardboardcartooncartoon /kɑ�|�tu�n/ noun 1. the first draftof a drawing done on paper which can betransferred to larger paintings 2. a comic orsatirical drawing � a cartoon book or abook of cartoons � The gardening title isillustrated by cartoons. 3. an animated filmmade by photographing a series of draw-ings


39 cast-offcartoon charactercartoon character /kɑ� |�tu�n�k�rktə/ noun a character who appears incartoons, such as Asterix or Donald Duckcartoonistcartoonist /kɑ� |�tu�nst/ noun a personwho draws cartoonscartouchecartouche /kɑ� |�tu�ʃ/ noun a decorativebox which frames a textcartridgecartridge /�kɑ�trd�/ noun a removabledevice made of a closed box containing adisk, tape, program or datacartridge fontscartridge fonts /�kɑ�trd� fɒnts/ pluralnoun hardware which can be attached to aprinter, providing a choice of typefaces,but still limited to the typefaces and stylesincluded in the cartridgecartridge papercartridge paper /�kɑ�trd� �pepə/noun strong, thick, usually white paperused for drawing

COMMENT: Cartridge paper is so calledbecause it was originally used for makingcartridges for bullets. It is made fromchemical pulp, sized, and is very white.

cascading stylesheetcascading stylesheet /k�s|�kedŋ�stalʃi�t/ noun a method of describing thefont, spacing, and colour of text within awebpage and storing this information in astyle sheet that can be applied to any textwithin the page. Abbr CSScasecase /kes/ noun 1. a stiff cardboardcover glued onto a book formed of twopieces of cardboard and the spine � Thelibrary edition has a case and jacket. �Have you remembered to order theblocking for the spine of the case? 2. acardboard or wooden box for packing andcarrying goods 3. a box in which metaltype is kept, divided into sections for thevarious pieces of type � verb 1. to bind abook in a stiff cardboard cover 2. to packsomething in a casecase bindingcase binding /�kes �bandŋ/ noun 1. astiff cardboard cover � The trade editionhas a case binding. 2. the action of bindinga book in a hard cardboard covercaseboundcasebound /�kesbaυnd/ adjective PUBLsame as hardback. � paperback, cloth-boundcase changecase change /�kes tʃend�/ noun a keyused to change from upper to lower case ona word processorcased bookcased book /�kest �bυk/ noun a bookthat is bound in a hard covercasein gluecasein glue /�kesin "lu�/ noun a glueused in bookbinding and in making coatedpapers, which is almost acid-freecase-making machinecase-making machine /�kes�mekŋ mə|�ʃi�n/ noun a machine for

cutting the cardboard which forms thecover of a bookcash bookcash book /�k�ʃ bυk/ noun a book inwhich a record is kept of income andexpenditurecash budgetcash budget /�k�ʃ �b�d�t/ noun a planof cash income and expenditurecash flowcash flow /�k�ʃ fləυ/ noun the move-ment of money in and out of a businesscash in handcash in hand /�k�ʃ n �h�nd/ nounsame as balance in handcash salecash sale /�k�ʃ sel/ noun an act ofselling something for cashcash termscash terms /�k�ʃ t!�mz/ plural nounlower terms which apply if the customerpays cashcasingcasing /�kesŋ/, casing in noun the actof putting a hard cover on a book, attachingit by glueing it to the endpapers and thehinge flapscasing-in machinecasing-in machine /�kesŋ �n mə|

�ʃi�n/ noun a machine that attaches cases tobook blocksCaslonCaslon /�k�zlɒn/ noun a typefacedesigned by William Caslon, the firstmajor English typefounder, in the 17thcenturycassettecassette /kə|�set/ noun a small rectan-gular plastic container for magnetic tapewhich can be used for recording andplaying back speech or musiccassiecassie /�k�si/ noun dirty or torn paper ina ream, usually the first and last sheets inthe pilecastcast /kɑ�st/ verb to make a piece of typeout of hot metalcast-coated papercast-coated paper /�kɑ�st �kəυtd�pepə/ noun shiny coated paper, whichhas been dried under pressure from hotrollerscastercaster /�kɑ�stə/, casting machine nouna machine that produces metal type, e.g.the Monotype or Linotype machinescasting boxcasting box /�kɑ�stŋ bɒks/ noun aspecial box in which metal printing platesare castcasting offcasting off /�kɑ�stŋ ɒf/, casting upnoun the act of calculating the amount ofspace required to print text in a particularfont, and thus the number of pages in thefinished bookcast offcast off /�kɑ�st �ɒf/ verb to calculate theamount of space needed to print a text in aparticular fontcast-offcast-off /�kɑ�st ɒf/ noun a calculation ofthe extent of a book, that is the number of


cast-up 40

pages required to print a text in a particulartypeface and point size, done by countingthe characters including the punctuationmarks and spacescast-upcast-up /�kɑ�st �p/ noun a calculation ofthe amount of setting needed for a bookincluding spaces and headings, whichleads to an estimate of typesetting costscasual workcasual work /�k��uəl w!�k/ noun jobsdone by people employed for a short timecataloguecatalogue /�k�t(ə)lɒ"/ noun 1. a list ofpriced and illustrated items for sale,presented in book form or in other formatsincluding CD-ROM or video 2. a list of theholdings in a library, usually arrangedaccording to subject, title or author � verb1. to classify and list items to form a cata-logue 2. to enter something in a cataloguecatalogue pricecatalogue price /�k�t(ə)lɒ" pras/noun the price of something as marked in acataloguecataloguercataloguer /�k�təlɒ"ə/ noun a personwho catalogues books in a libraryCataloguing in PublicationCataloguing in Publication/�k�təlɒ"ŋ n �p�bl |�keʃ(ə)n/ noun asystem whereby new books are cataloguedbefore publication by the British Library orby the Library of Congress based on detailsabout each book supplied by the publisher.Abbr CIPcatchlinecatchline /�k�tʃlan/ noun a headlinewhich is written at the top of a page ofmanuscript or printed at the top of proofs,and discarded when the proofs are made upinto pagescatch mountcatch mount /�k�tʃ maυnt/ noun aspecial mount which allows a page to beremoved from the imposed forme andanother page put in its placecatch stitchcatch stitch /�k�tʃ sttʃ/ noun same askettlestitchcatch upcatch up /�k�tʃ ��p/ noun a situationwhere the non-image areas of a litho-graphic print take in ink. Also calledscummingcatchwordcatchword /�k�tʃw!�d/ noun 1. a wordprinted at the top of a page in a dictionaryor other reference book, usually the first orlast entry for that page 2. the first word ofa page of printed text repeated at thebottom right-hand corner of the previouspage, originally placed there to draw thebinder’s attention to itcategorycategory /�k�t"(ə)ri/ noun a divisionor class in a system used to group itemsaccording to their type

cater forcater for /�ketə fɔ�/ verb to providewhat people needcathode ray tubecathode ray tube /�k�θəυd �re�tju�b/ noun an output device used in aVDU or phototypesetter for displayingtext, figures or graphics. Abbr CRT

COMMENT: A CRT consists of a vacuumtube, one end of which is flat and coatedwith phosphor; the other end contains anelectron beam source. Characters becomevisible when the electron beam makes thephosphor coating glow.

caveatcaveat /�k�vi�t/ noun a warningcaveat emptorcaveat emptor /�k�vi�t �emptɔ�/phrase a phrase meaning that the buyer ispersonally responsible for checking thatwhat they buy is in good order (NOTE: TheLatin phrase means ‘let the buyer beware’.)cccc1 /�si� �si�/ noun 1. used at the ends ofletters, memos and reports to indicate thatan identical copy has been sent to thenamed people 2. a feature of electronicmail software that allows you to send acopy of a message to another user � fullform carbon copycccc2 abbreviation copiesCCDCCD noun an electronic device that has anarray of tiny elements whose electricalcharge changes with light; each elementrepresents a pixel and its state can beexamined to record the light intensity atthat point; used in some scanners and videocameras. Full form charge-coupleddeviceCCTVCCTV abbreviation closed circuit televi-sionCD burnerCD burner /�si� �di� �b!�nə/ nounCOMPUT same as CD writerCD-ICD-I /�si� �di� a/ noun a compact discwith electronic information that can bechanged by the user. Full form compactdisc interactiveCD-ROMCD-ROM /�si� di� �rɒm/ noun an elec-tronic method of storing large quantities ofinformation which can be read by laser.Full form compact disc – read onlymemoryCD-ROM driveCD-ROM drive /�si� di� �rɒm �drav/,CD-ROM player /�si� di� �rɒm �pleə/noun a disk drive that allows a computer toread data stored on a CD-ROM, in whichthe player spins the disc and uses a laserbeam to read etched patterns on the surfaceof the CD-ROM that represent data bitsCD-RWCD-RW /�si� di� ɑ� �d�b(ə)lju�/ noun acompact disc that can have its contentserased and something else recorded onto it


41 centre notes

many times. Full form compact discrewritableCD-WOCD-WO /�si� �d�b(ə)l ju� �əυ/ noun CD-ROM disc and drive technology that allowsa user to write data to the disc once onlyand is useful for storing archived docu-ments or for testing a CD-ROM before it isduplicated. Full form compact disc writeonceCD writerCD writer /�si� �di� �ratə/ noun a pieceof equipment used to record data perma-nently onto a compact disccedecede /si�d/ verb to give up somethingsuch as a right � The author has ceded thefilm rights to a well-known charity. �

cessioncedillacedilla /sə |�dlə/ noun a small mark (¸)used in some languages under a letter tochange its pronunciation, e.g. under theletter c in French to soften itcellcell /sel/ noun a space for information in atable such as a computer spreadsheet,formed where a row and a column intersectcello foilcello foil /�seləυ fɔl/ noun vinyl foil, athin material for blocking on plastic bookcoverscellophanecellophane /�seləfen/ a trade name fora transparent plastic film � The books arepacked in cellophane wrapping.cellulosecellulose /�seljυləυs/ noun a chemicalsubstance which is a compound of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen

COMMENT: Cellulose forms the fibres inplants, and so becomes the fibre whichconstitutes paper. Cellulose fibres have thefollowing properties: they are inert, that is,they do not react easily with other chemicalsubstances; they absorb water and so canbe made into the liquid pulp which whendried forms paper; they are colourless,transparent and very strong.

cellulose acetatecellulose acetate /�seljυləυs ��stet/noun a sheet of transparent film used formaking overlayscellulose filmcellulose film /�seljυləυs flm/ noun atransparent film made from cellulosecensorcensor /�sensə/ noun a person whodecides what may be published, shown ordistributed to the general public � verb toedit published material or films with regardto what is considered decent for selling,showing or distributing to the generalpubliccensorshipcensorship /�sensəʃp/ noun prohibi-tion of the production, distribution or saleof items considered to be objectionable onpolitical, religious or moral grounds

centimetrecentimetre /�sentmi�tə/ noun onehundredth part of a metre. Abbr cm (NOTE:The US spelling is centimeter.)centralisationcentralisation /�sentrəla|�zeʃ(ə)n/,centralization noun organisation of every-thing from a central pointcentralisecentralise /�sentrəlaz/, centralize verbto organise something from a central point� All purchasing has been centralised inour main office. � The group benefits froma highly centralised organisational struc-ture.central processing unitcentral processing unit /�sentrəl�prəυsesŋ �ju�nt/ noun the circuitswhich form the main part of a computer.Abbr CPUcentral purchasingcentral purchasing /�sentrəl�p!�tʃsŋ/ noun purchasing organised bya central office for all branches of acompanycentrecentre /�sentə/ noun 1. a point in themiddle of an area � The illustration shouldbe in the centre of the page. � The folionumbers should be in the bottom centre. 2.a group of items in an account � verb 1. toput something in the middle � The text iscentred, but the headings should be rangedleft. 2. to arrange a piece of text so that themiddle of the text is in the middle of theline on the pagecentred dotcentred dot /�sentəd �dɒt/ noun a dotwhich is raised above the base line to themiddle of the x-height, used in some coun-tries as a decimal point, as an indication ofa new paragraph or section, and also in theUSA as a way of indicating syllables inheadwords in a dictionarycentrefoldcentrefold /�sentəfəυld/ noun a doublepage in the middle of a newspaper ormagazine � We have placed an ad on thecentrefold of the next issue.centre headingcentre heading /�sentə �hedŋ/ noun aheading at the middle of the top of a pagecentre holescentre holes /�sentə həυlz/ plural nounlocation holes along the centre of punchedtapecentre margin ringcentre margin ring /�sentə �mɑ�d�n�rŋ/ noun a metal ring round the edge ofthe cylinder holding printing platescentre markscentre marks /�sentə mɑ�ks/ nounlines on a double-page spread which indi-cate where it is to be folded or cutcentre notescentre notes /�sentə nəυts/ plural nounnotes printed in the centre of a pagebetween two columns of type


centre spread 42centre spreadcentre spread /�sentə �spred/ noun adouble page spread which is in the middleof a signaturecentre sprocket feedcentre sprocket feed /�sentə �sprɒkt�fi�d/ noun central paper tape sprocketholes that line up with coding hole posi-tionscentrifugal pulp cleanercentrifugal pulp cleaner /�sentr |

�fju�"(ə)l �p�lp �kli�nə/ noun a type ofspinning drum which separates dirt fromwood pulp as it is prepared for paper-makingcentringcentring /�sentərŋ/ noun the act ofputting text in the centre of a page �Centering of headings is easily done, usingthis function key.CenturyCentury /�sentʃəri/ noun an Americantypeface designed for the ‘Century’ maga-zine in 1895 by Theodore Lowe de Vinne,now mainly used in a form called ‘CenturySchoolbook’CEOCEO abbreviation Chief Executive Officercerfscerfs plural noun another spelling ofkerfscertificatecertificate /sə|�tfket/ noun an officialdocument given to confirm facts � birthcertificate � health certificate � degreecertificatecertificate of approvalcertificate of approval /sə |�tfkət əvə|�pru�v(ə)l/ noun a document showingthat an item has been officially approvedcertificate of origincertificate of origin /sə |�tfkət əv�ɒrd�n/ noun a document showing wheregoods were madecertified copycertified copy /�s!�tfad �kɒpi/ noun adocument which is certified as being thesame as anothercessioncession /�seʃ(ə)n/ noun the giving up ofa right to somebody. � cedecessionarycessionary /�seʃ(ə)nəri/ noun a personto whom a right has been transferredcfcf abbreviation used to refer to a footnoteor to another part of the text. Full formconferC format paperbackC format paperback /�si� �fɔ�m�t�pepəb�k/ noun a paperback with theformat 234 x 156mmCGACGA noun a video display standard devel-oped by IBM which provided low-resolu-tion text and graphics, now superseded byEGA and VGA. Full form colourgraphics adapterchadchad /tʃ�d/ noun little round pieces ofpaper which are removed when holes arepunched in tape

chainchain /tʃen/ noun a series of storesbelonging to the same company � a chainof newsagents � the chairman of a largepaperback chain � He runs a chain ofspecialist shops.chain lineschain lines /�tʃen lanz/, chain marksplural noun faint lines which run acrosslaid paper, made by the wire mesh in thepapermaking machinechain storechain store /�tʃen stɔ�/ noun one storein a chainchairman and managing directorchairman and managing director/�tʃeəmən ən �m�nd�ŋ da |�rektə/noun a managing director who is alsochairman of the board of directorschalkingchalking /�tʃɔ�kŋ/ noun 1. a printingfault where the ink dries and flakes offinstead of being incorporated into thepaper 2. the process of dusting leaves withpowdered chalk before applying glue togild the edges, which prevents the leavessticking togetherChamber of CommerceChamber of Commerce /�tʃembərəv �kɒm!�s/ noun a group of local busi-nesspeople who meet to discuss problemswhich they have in common and topromote business in their townchancerychancery /�tʃɑ�nsəri/ noun a type ofitalic, e.g. BemboChancery scriptChancery script /�tʃɑ�nsəri skrpt/noun a 15th-century Italian writing style,used for official documents, from whichitalic type was derivedchannelchannel /�tʃ�n(ə)l/ noun 1. the spoken,written or electronic means by whichsomething is passed on 2. a major interestarea on the Internet that is easily accessible3. (in graphics) one layer of an image thatcan be worked on separately or which canbe used to create special effectschannel of distributionchannel of distribution /�tʃ�n(ə)l əv�dstr |�bju�ʃ(ə)n/ noun a way of sendinggoods from the manufacturer to the retailerchapbookchapbook /�tʃ�pbυk/ noun a smallbooklet of poems, ballads or stories, origi-nally sold by travelling pedlarschapelchapel /�tʃ�p(ə)l/ noun 1. a branch of atrade union in printing and journalism 2. ameeting of a printers’ or journalists’ chapelchapterchapter /�tʃ�ptə/ noun one of the divi-sions of a book or documentchapter dropchapter drop /�tʃ�ptə drɒp/ noun thenumber of blank lines or millimetresbetween the top of the type area and achapter title


43 CHC paperchapter headingchapter heading /�tʃ�ptə �hedŋ/,chapter head, chapter title noun the titleand number of a chapter which is printed inlarger letters at the beginning of the chapter� Chapter headings are in 15 pointUnivers, and are dropped 20mm.chapter openingchapter opening /�tʃ�ptə �əυp(ə)nŋ/noun the beginning of a chapter, usuallymarked with a chapter title and a suitablechapter dropcharactercharacter /�k�rktə/ noun a singleletter, number or symbol that can bedisplayed on a computer screen or printerand represents one byte of data

COMMENT: Characters are importantproperties in themselves, and can bemerchandised in many ways. Publisherswho represent the original copyright holdersin characters can license the production ofdolls, calendars, playing cards, soap, cups,etc., in the form of the characters. Viceversa, a film or TV company which holds thecopyright in a screen character, maylicense a publisher to publish books aboutthe character.

character assemblycharacter assembly /�k�rktər ə|

�sembli/ noun a method of designing char-acters in pixels on a computer screencharacter blockcharacter block /�k�rktə blɒk/ nounthe pattern of dots that will make up a char-acter on a screen or printercharacter bytecharacter byte /�k�rktə bat/ noun abyte of data containing the character codeand any error check bitscharacter generationcharacter generation /�k�rktə�d�enəreʃ(ə)n/ noun the formation ofcharacters either by computer or from filmcharacter heightcharacter height /�k�rktə hat/ nouna measurement in millimetres from thebottom of the character to the top. Alsocalled letter heightcharacter keycharacter key /�k�rktə ki�/ noun aword-processor control used to processtext one character at a timecharacter matrixcharacter matrix /�k�rktə �metrks/noun a pattern of dots that makes up adisplayed charactercharacter printercharacter printer /�k�rktə �prntə/noun a device that prints characters one ata timecharacter recognitioncharacter recognition /�k�rktə�rekə"|�nʃ(ə)n/ noun a system that readswritten or printed characters into acomputer by recognising their shapescharacter roundingcharacter rounding /�k�rktə�raυndŋ/ noun the act of making adisplayed character more pleasant to lookat, within the limits of pixel size

character skewcharacter skew /�k�rktə skju�/ nounthe angle by which an incorrectly-posi-tioned character is misaligned with theotherscharacters per inchcharacters per inch /�k�rktəz p!�r�ntʃ/ noun the number of printed charac-ters which fit within the space of one inchon a line, used as a guide to the total extentof a book. Abbr cpicharacters per linecharacters per line /�k�rktəs p!��lan/ noun the number of characters esti-mated to be in each line, used as a guide tothe total extent of a book. Abbr cplcharacters per secondcharacters per second /�k�rktəzpə �sekənd/ noun the number of charac-ters which are transmitted or printed persecond. Abbr cpschargecharge /tʃɑ�d�/ verb to ask people to payfor goods or services � He charges £10 anhour. � noun money which must be paidfor something such as a service � to makeno charge for delivery � There is a smallcharge for rental.charge-coupled devicecharge-coupled device /�tʃɑ�d��k�p(ə)ld d |�vas/ full form of CCDcharges forwardcharges forward /�tʃɑ�d�z �fɔ�wəd/plural noun charges which will be paid bythe customerchartchart /tʃɑ�t/ noun a visual representationof informationchartercharter /�tʃɑ�tə/ noun an official docu-ment giving rights to a person, organisationor communitycharter booksellercharter bookseller /�tʃɑ�tə �bυkselə/noun a bookseller who stocks a wide rangeof titles and who has special terms frompublisherschasechase /tʃes/ noun a metal frame inwhich metal type and blocks are placedand held ready to print by letterpress � verb1. to try to speed up work by asking how itis progressing � We are trying to chase upthe accounts department for the cheque. �We will chase your order with the produc-tion department. 2. to gild the edges of abookchaserchaser /�tʃesə/ noun a letter to remindsomebody of something, especially toremind a customer that an invoice has notbeen paidCHCCHC abbreviation cyclohexylaminecarbonateCHC paperCHC paper /�si� etʃ �si� �pepə/ nounpaper impregnated with CHC, used todeacidify the pages of old books


cheap edition 44cheap editioncheap edition /�tʃi�p |�dʃ(ə)n/ noun aspecial edition of a book which is sold at alower price than the normal editioncheckcheck /tʃek/ noun an inspection of some-thing to make sure it is correct � verb tolook at something closely to make surethere are no mistakescheck digitcheck digit /�tʃek �dd�t/ noun anumber added to a numeric code to enablea computer program to detect any errors inthe codecheck intocheck into /�tʃek �ntυ/ verb to investi-gate something in order to get more infor-mation about it or to establish its truth oraccuracychecklistchecklist /�tʃeklst/ noun 1. a list whichacts as a reminder of things to be done oraccounted for 2. a list used to identifyitems from a minimum amount of informa-tioncheck samplecheck sample /�tʃek �sɑ�mp(ə)l/ nouna sample to be used to see if a consignmentis acceptablechemacchemac /�kem�k/ noun a binder’s dieused for blocking book covers which ischeaper and made of softer metal than abrass, so not used for long runschemical ghosting

chemical ghosting /�kemk(ə)l�"əυstŋ/ noun faint images which appearon printed sheets, as an effect of the chem-icals in the inkchemically pure paperchemically pure paper /�kemkli�pjυə �pepə/ noun paper which is acid-free, used to repair or protect old books ormapschemical paperchemical paper /�kemk(ə)l �pepə/noun paper made from chemical pulpchemical pulpchemical pulp /�kemk(ə)l p�lp/ nounpulp which has been produced using chem-icals rather than being broken downmechanically. Compare groundwoodpulpcheque

cheque /tʃek/ noun a method of payingmoney from a bank account, by filling in astandard form and without using coins ornotes (NOTE: The US spelling is check.)cheque accountcheque account /�tʃek ə |�kaυnt/ nouna bank account which allows the customerto write chequescheque papercheque paper /�tʃek �pepə/ nounspecial paper for printing cheques, sensi-tised to prevent fraudchevronschevrons /�ʃevrənz/ plural noun same asguillemets

chick litchick lit /�tʃk lt/ noun a genre of fictionconsidered to appeal primarily to youngwomenchief executivechief executive /�tʃi�f " |�zekjυtv/noun an executive director in charge of acompanyChief Executive OfficerChief Executive Officer /�tʃi�f " |

�zekjυtv �ɒfsə/ noun US a director incharge of all a company’s operations. AbbrCEOchildren’s annualchildren’s annual /�tʃldrənz ��njuəl/noun a book published each year usually atChristmas, with stories, games and arti-cles, intended for children and often basedon a popular TV series or cartoon characterchildren’s editorchildren’s editor /�tʃldrənz �edtə/noun a person responsible for publishingbooks for childrenchildren’s fictionchildren’s fiction /�tʃldrənz �fkʃən/noun stories for childrenchina claychina clay /�tʃanə �kle/ noun kaolin,fine white clay used for loading andcoating paperchinagraph pencilchinagraph pencil /�tʃanə"rɑ�f�pens(ə)l/ noun a pencil used for makingclear marks on film or negative ozalidschipboardchipboard /�tʃpbɔ�d/ noun cheap roughboard used for making boxes and bindingcaseschlorine numberchlorine number /�klɔ�ri�n �n�mbə/noun the amount of chlorine which isabsorbed by a sample of pulp, used tocalculate the amount required to add toproduce a white paperchoicechoice /tʃɔs/ noun 1. something whichis chosen � You must give the customertime to make his choice. 2. a range of itemsto choose from � We have only a limitedchoice of suppliers. � The shop carries agood choice of papers.chokechoke /tʃəυk/ noun to slightly reduce apigmented area being printed to allow forthe ink spreadingchoosechoose /tʃu�z/ verb to decide to do aparticular thing or to buy a particular itemas opposed to something else � There wereseveral good candidates to choose from. �They chose the only female applicant assales director. � The book club has chosenhis novel as their Christmas special.Christmas gift bookChristmas gift book /�krsməs �"ft�bυk/ noun a special book which is givenas a present at ChristmasChristmas listChristmas list /�krsməs �lst/ noun alist of books specially produced for sale atChristmas


45 classicschromachroma /�krəυmə/ noun the depth orsaturation of a hue, as compared to amedium neutral greychromolithographychromolithography /�krəυməυl|

�θɒ"rəfi/ noun colour printing by lithog-raphy, each colour requiring a separatelydrawn platechromo paperchromo paper /�krəυməυ �pepə/ nounexpensive paper, heavily coated on oneside, used for block proofing or printingchronological orderchronological order/�krɒnəlɒd�k(ə)l �ɔ�də/ noun thearrangement of things such as records, filesor invoices in order of their dates

‘…during a state audit his company’sseven party planners spent days combingthrough customer records when theycould have been out selling. Onesuggestion: Make extra copies ofinvoices and file them in chronologicalorder. ‘The lesson is to be so anallyprepared you can say immediately, “I’vegot it”,’ Mr. Kelly says.’ [Crain’sChicago Business]

chumshipchumship /�tʃ�mʃp/ noun a group ofcompositors working together on the samejobcicerocicero /�ssərəυ/ noun a point size, moreor less the equivalent of a pica, used inEurope, but not in Britain or the USA.Compare didotCIEL*a*b*CIEL*a*b* noun a numerical scaledsystem of describing all colours visible tothe human eye in relation to each otherc.i.f.c.i.f. abbreviation cost, insurance andfreight � The books can be supplied at£1.30 ex works from Singapore or £1.45c.i.f. London.CIPCIP abbreviation Cataloguing in Publica-tioncircularcircular /�s!�kjυlə/ noun a letter oradvertisement sent to a large number ofpeople at the same timecircularisecircularise /�s!�kjυləraz/, circularizeverb to send a circular to � The committeehas agreed to circularise the members. �They circularised all their customers witha new list of prices.circular lettercircular letter /�s!�kjυlə �letə/ noun aletter sent to a large number of peopleconveying the same informationcircular letter of creditcircular letter of credit /�s!�kjυlə�letər əv �kredt/ noun a letter of creditsent to all branches of the bank that issuesit

circulatecirculate /�s!�kjυlet/ verb to send infor-mation to a group of people � They circu-lated a new list of prices to all theircustomers.circulating librarycirculating library /�s!�kjυletŋ�labrəri/ noun a library run on a commer-cial basis, where the members pay toborrow bookscirculationcirculation /�s!�kjυ|�leʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.the number of copies of a newspaper ormagazine sold each time it is produced 2.distribution of written materials such asjournals or books to people who may beinterested in themcircumflex accentcircumflex accent /�s!�kəmfleks��ksənt/ noun a mark (^) used over avowel in some languages to show pronun-ciationcitationcitation /sa |�teʃ(ə)n/ noun a formalword for a quotation or referencecitecite /sat/ verb to quote or mention some-thing especially as proof of a pointcivil lawcivil law /�sv(ə)l �lɔ�/ noun laws relatingto people’s rights and agreements betweenindividualsclaim formclaim form /�klem fɔ�m/ noun a formthat has to be filled in when making aninsurance claimclampclamp /kl�mp/ noun a device that holdssomething tightlyclamp allowanceclamp allowance /�kl�mp ə|�laυəns/noun the part of the paper which is held byclamp bars and is not used for printingclamp barclamp bar /�kl�mp bɑ�/ noun a metalbar which holds the paper in a press as it isbeing printedclassclass /klɑ�s/ noun a division of a classifi-cation schemeclassicclassic /�kl�sk/ noun a famous work ofliterature � ‘The Lord of the Flies’ hasbecome a modern classic. � They havepublished a series of nineteenth-centuryclassics.classicalclassical /�kl�sk(ə)l/ adjectiveconsisting of or involving the study of theancient Greek and Latin languages andliteratureclassicismclassicism /�kl�ssz(ə)m/ noun thestudy or knowledge of ancient Greece andRomeclassicistclassicist /�kl�ssst/ noun a scholar ofancient Greek and Latinclassicsclassics /�kl�sks/ noun the academicstudy of the languages, literature andhistory of ancient Greece and Rome


classification 46classificationclassification /�kl�sf|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun1. a division or category within a systemaccording to their degrees of similarity 2.the process of putting things into groupsaccording to similarities or relationshipsclassification systemclassification system /�kl�sf|

�keʃ(ə)n �sstəm/, classificationscheme /�kl�sf |�keʃ(ə)n ski�m/ noun asystem of organising things by dividingthem into groups based on their similarities� In libraries books are often arrangedaccording to the Dewey decimal classifica-tion system.classified advertisementsclassified advertisements/�kl�sfad əd |�v!�tsmənts/ plural nounadvertisements listed in a newspaper underspecial headings, such as ‘Property forsale’ or ‘Jobs wanted’classified catalogueclassified catalogue /�kl�sfad�k�t(ə)lɒ"/ noun a list of contentsarranged according to the classificationsystem used to control themclassified directoryclassified directory /�kl�sfad da |

�rekt(ə)ri/ noun a book which lists busi-nesses grouped under various headingssuch as computer shops or newsagentsclassified indexclassified index /�kl�sfad �ndeks/noun a list of holdings organised undergeneral headings rather than in one alpha-betical sequence � In a classified index,publishers would appear under the generalheading ‘Publishers’ and not in the usualalphabetical order of their names.classifyclassify /�kl�sfa/ verb 1. to placethings into a sequence according to a clas-sification scheme 2. to restrict the distribu-tion of a document for reasons of securityclauseclause /klɔ�z/ noun a section of acontract � There are ten clauses in thecontract. � According to clause six,payments will not be due until next year.cleanclean /kli�n/ adjective without anymistakes � The estimate for typesettingassumes the publisher will submit cleancopy.clean copyclean copy /�kli�n �kɒpi/ noun a manu-script or text for typesetting which has noalterations and is easy to readclean proofclean proof /�kli�n �pru�f/ noun a proofwhich does not need any correctionsclearclear /klə/ adjective easily understood �You will have to make it clear to the staffthat productivity is falling. � verb 1. todelete data from a computer display orstorage device 2. � to clear goods throughcustoms to have all documentation passed

by customs so that goods can leave thecountryclearance certificateclearance certificate /�klərəns sə|

�tfkət/ noun a document showing thatgoods have been passed by customsclearingclearing /�klərŋ/ noun the removing offormes after a book is printed, by distrib-uting the type and preparing the formes foranother jobclearing houseclearing house /�klərŋ haυs/ noun 1.an agency or central office where informa-tion from various sources is pooled 2. acentral office where orders from manysources are consolidatedclear profitclear profit /�klə �prɒft/ noun profitafter all expenses have been paid � Wemade $6,000 clear profit on the sale.clericalclerical /�klerk(ə)l/ adjective relating totasks done in an office or by a clerkclichécliché /�kli�ʃe/ noun French word for aprinting blockclickerclicker /�klkə/ noun an old term for aforeman compositorclick rateclick rate /�klk ret/ noun same as click-through rateclicks and bricksclicks and bricks /�klks ən �brks/noun a way of doing business thatcombines e-commerce and traditionalshopsclicks-and-mortarclicks-and-mortar /�klks ən �mɔ�tə/adjective conducting business boththrough e-commerce and also in the tradi-tional way in buildings such as stores andwarehousesclick-throughclick-through /�klk θru�/ noun an actof clicking on a banner or other on-screenadvertising that takes the user through tothe advertiser’s websiteclick-through rateclick-through rate /�klk θru� �ret/noun a method of charging an advertiserfor the display of a banner advertisementon a website. Also called click rate (NOTE:Each time a visitor clicks on a displayedadvertisement which links to the adver-tiser’s main site, the advertiser is chargeda fee. A click-through rate of just a fewpercent is common and most advertisershave to pay per thousand impressions oftheir banner ad, sometimes written CTM(click-through per thousand).)clientclient /�klaənt/ noun 1. a person usingthe services of a professional organisation2. a computer that is connected to anetwork or the Internet, or that is using theresources of another computer. � gopher


47 coating binderclip artclip art /�klp ɑ�t/ noun pre-packagedartwork, available on software for use indocuments produced on a computerclippingclipping /�klpŋ/ noun US same ascuttingclipping pathclipping path /�klpŋ pɑ�θ/ noun amask which is used in graphics software tohide some portion of a image, such as thebackgroundcloseclose /kləυz/ verb 1. to end 2. to stopdoing business for the day � The officecloses at 5.30. � We close early on Satur-days. 3. � to close inverted commas toindicate the end of a quotationclosed circuit televisionclosed circuit television /�kləυzd�s!�kt �telv�(ə)n/ noun an internalvideo system often used for securitypurposes or for relaying conferences. AbbrCCTVclosed marketclosed market /�kləυzd �mɑ�kt/ nouna market in which a supplier deals withonly one agent or distributor and does notsupply any others directclosed signatureclosed signature /�kləυzd �s"ntʃə/noun a signature where the bolts have notbeen cutclose upclose up /�kləυz ��p/ verb to reduce thespace between characters or lines � If thetext is closed up a little we will save a page.closeupcloseup /�kləυs|��p/ noun photographytaken a very short distance away from thesubject � We need a closeup of the lotterywinner to put on the front cover.closing bidclosing bid /�kləυzŋ bd/ noun in anauction, the last bid or the bid which issuccessfulclosing stock

closing stock /�kləυzŋ �stɒk/ noundetails of stock at the end of an accountingperiodclosing timeclosing time /�kləυzŋ tam/ noun thetime that an establishment such as a shop,library or bar closes and people have toleaveclothcloth /klɒθ/ noun material used to cover ahardbound book � The book is bound ingreen cloth or is in a green cloth binding.cloth boardscloth boards /�klɒθ bɔ�dz/ plural noun acover made of stiff board covered withclothclothboundclothbound /�klɒθbaυnd/ adjectiveused to describe books which are coveredin a specific type of material made origi-nally from natural fibres, now oftensynthetic

cloth jointcloth joint /�klɒθ d�ɔnt/ noun a strip oflinen pasted along the fold of the endpaperto strengthen the jointcloth-lined papercloth-lined paper /�klɒθ land �pepə/noun paper with cloth pasted on the back,used for folding mapscloze testcloze test /�kləυz test/ noun a test ofcomprehension and grammar in which alanguage student supplies appropriatemissing words omitted from a textclub lineclub line /�kl�b lan/ noun the first lineof a paragraph which appears at the bottomof a page. Compare widow (NOTE: Anotherterm for this is orphan.)clumpsclumps /kl�mps/ plural noun metalspacers or leads, cast on thicker bodies,used to space out type mattercmcm abbreviation centimetreCMYKCMYK /�si� em wa �ke/ adjective amethod of describing a colour by thepercentage content of its four componentcolours. Full form cyan-magenta-yellow-key. Also called YMCKco-co- /kəυ/ prefix working or actingtogether. � co-edition, coproduction,copublishcoarsecoarse /kɔ�s/ adjective 1. referring topaper which has a rough surface 2. refer-ring to a screen with wide spaces betweenthe lines � compare fine

COMMENT: A coarse screen is used whenprinting halftones on coarse paper, as innewspapers; it can be up to about 80 linesper inch.

coarse graincoarse grain /�kɔ�s "ren/ noun largerdots giving a rougher picturecoatcoat /kəυt/ verb to cover something witha layer of clay, paint or varnishcoated one sidecoated one side /�kəυtd w�n �sad/noun coated paper with the coating on oneside only, suitable for posters or covers.Abbr C1Scoated papercoated paper /�kəυtd �pepə/ noun artpaper or shiny paper, coated on one or bothsides with a mixture of china clay and size,used for illustrations, especially halftones(NOTE: The US term is enamel paper.)coated two sidescoated two sides /�kəυtd tu� �sadz/noun coated paper with the coating on bothsides. Abbr C2S (NOTE: US English is alsoenamel paper.)coatingcoating /�kəυtŋ/ noun the act of treatingpaper with a mixture of clay and size. �

brush coatingcoating bindercoating binder /�kəυtŋ �bandə/ nounthe substance in coating slip which makesit adhere to the surface of the paper


coating machine 48coating machinecoating machine /�kəυtŋ mə |�ʃi�n/noun a machine that applies the coating topapercoauthorcoauthor /kəυ |�ɔ�θə/ noun an author whowrites something jointly with one or moreother authors � verb to write a book withanother author � She coauthored the bookon Churchill.Cobb sizing testCobb sizing test /�kɒb �sazŋ �test/noun a test to measure the rate of absorp-tion of water by paper

COMMENT: The Cobb test is used tomeasure absorption by the surface only (asopposed to the penetration of water rightthrough paper or board).

COBOLCOBOL /�kəυbɒl/ noun a computerprogramming language. Full formcommon business-oriented languagecocklecockle /�kɒk(ə)l/ noun a bump or wrinkleon the edge of a sheet of paper caused bydamp � verb to bulge and wrinkle � Thepaper has cockled and will have to bedried.cockroachcockroach /�kɒkrəυtʃ/ noun a textwhich has been set in lower case onlycock-upcock-up /�kɒk �p/ noun 1. a letterprinted in superscript 2. an initial capitalwhich is larger than the rest of the linecodacoda /�kəυdə/ noun an additional sectionat the end of a text such as a literary workor speech that is not necessary to its struc-ture but gives additional informationcodecode /kəυd/ noun a group of numbers orletters used to identify something. �

barcodecodicilcodicil /�kəυdsl/ noun an appendix orsupplement to a textco-editco-edit /�kəυ �edt/ verb to edit a bookwith another personco-editionco-edition /�kaυ |�dʃ(ə)n/ noun thepublication of a book by two publishingcompanies in different countries, where thefirst company has originated the work andthen sells sheets to the second publisher (orlicenses the second publisher to reprint thebook locally) � We have sold co-editions ofour book on garden flowers to publishersin France and Greece.

COMMENT: Note the difference in meaningbetween ‘co-edit’ and ‘co-edition’.

co-editorco-editor /�kəυ �edtə/ noun a personwho has edited a book with another personcoffee table bookcoffee table book /�kɒfi �teb(ə)l bυk/noun a glossy book with many colour illus-trations, designed to be browsed throughrather than read in full

coldcold /kəυld/ adjective 1. not hot 2.without being preparedcold callcold call /�kəυld �kɔ�l/ noun a sales visitwhere the salesperson has no appointmentand the client is not an establishedcustomercold compositioncold composition /�kəυld �kɒmpə|

�zʃ(ə)n/, cold metal setting, cold type/�kəυld tap/ noun the use of hand set type,typewritten material, or other materialmade by a machine which prints bystriking the paper, as a basis for printingcold meltcold melt /�kəυld melt/ noun a glue usedfor binding which does not need to beheatedcold set inkcold set ink /�kəυld set �ŋk/ noun inkwhich sets on the paper without beingdried under heatcollaboratecollaborate /kə|�l�bəret/ verb to worktogether � She collaborated with a Frenchfilm star on a book on the cinema.collaborationcollaboration /kə|�l�bə|�reʃ(ə)n/ nounworking together � Their collaboration onthe project was very profitable.collaboratorcollaborator /kə|�l�bəretə/ noun aperson who works with another to producea literary or artistic workcollagecollage /�kɒlɑ��/ noun an illustrationmade by sticking together various mate-rials such as photographs, line drawingsand pieces of fabriccollatecollate /kə|�let/ verb 1. to gather piecesof information together 2. to organisematerials into a specific order and checkthat they are completecollatingcollating /kə|�ketŋ/ noun the act ofchecking the gathered sections of a book orof checking a textcollating machinecollating machine /kə|�ketŋ mə|�ʃi�n/noun a machine that collates signatures ofa book or pages of a document in thecorrect order ready for bindingcollating markscollating marks /kə |�letŋ �mɑ�ks/plural noun marks printed on the spine of asignature so that the binder can see if theyhave been collated in correct ordercollating sequencecollating sequence /kə |�letŋ�si�kwəns/ noun an order in which signa-tures are stacked for printingcollationcollation /kə|�leʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a detailedcomparison between different items orforms of information 2. the assembling ofpieces of paper in the right order, particu-larly the sections of a book prior to binding3. the act of compiling a technical descrip-tion of a book, including its bibliographical


49 coloured

details and information about its physicalconstructioncollatorcollator /kə |�letə/ noun a machine whichtakes sheets or printed signatures and putsthem in order for stapling or bindingcollectcollect /kə|�lekt/ verb 1. to bring thingstogether to form a group � the collectedworks of Shakespeare � He collects booksabout trains. 2. to take things away from aplace � We have to collect the stock fromthe warehouse. � adverb, adjective US inwhich the person receiving a telephone callagrees to pay for it � to make a collect call� He called his office collect.collecting cylindercollecting cylinder /kə|�lektŋ�slndə/ noun a cylinder which collectsthe printed sheets from a web press beforethey are foldedcollectioncollection /kə |�lekʃən/ noun a group ofsimilar or related things such as the stockof a special librarycollection chargecollection charge /kə |�lekʃən tʃɑ�d�/,collection rate noun a charge forcollecting somethingcollectivecollective /kə|�lektv/ noun a group suchas an audience, class or library � adjectiveworking togethercollective authorshipcollective authorship /kə|�lektv�ɔ�θəʃp/ noun a situation where a group ofpeople have written a work togethercollectorcollector /kə|�lektə/ noun a person whocollects things � He is a collector of bookson bees.collegecollege /�kɒld�/ noun 1. an educationalinstitution for higher education, especiallyone offering courses in specialised or prac-tical subjects 2. the building or buildings ofa collegecollege bookstorecollege bookstore /�kɒld� �bυkstɔ�/noun a specialised bookshop attached to acollege, where the students can buy booksCollege electroCollege electro /�kɒld� |�lektrəυ/noun a special type of electro developed atthe London College of Printingcollodioncollodion /kə |�ləυdiən/ noun a highlyflammable solvent formerly used todevelop photographic platescollotypecollotype /�kɒləυtap/ noun a rareprinting process, where illustrations areprinted from a glass surface coated withhardened gelatine, used especially for artbooks and reproductions of paintings

COMMENT: Collotype printing follows thesame principle as lithography. The imageon the surface of the gelatine attractsgreasy ink, while the blank parts are dampand repel the ink. The result is a continuous

tone, hence its suitability for reproducingoriginal paintings.

coloncolon /�kəυlɒn/ noun a punctuation mark(:) used chiefly to introduce lists � Thetitles were: Rumplestiltskin, Cinderellaand Little Red Riding Hood.colophoncolophon /�kɒləfɒn/ noun 1. the symbolor emblem that is printed on a book andrepresents a publisher or publisher’simprint 2. the details of the title, printer,publisher and publication date given at theend of a book. Colophons are commonlyfound in early printed books and in modernprivate press editions.

COMMENT: Usually the publisher’s colophonwill appear on the title page and spine of abook, and on all publicity matter; a printer’scolophon is likely to appear on private pressbooks and other art books, and is oftenprinted on the last page of the book.

colourcolour /�k�lə/ noun the lightness or dark-ness of a particular typeface, whencompared to other facescolour barcolour bar /�k�lə bɑ�/ noun a strip ofbars of colour in the margin of a four-colour proof, used to check that the tonesof the colours are correct and to allow thedensity of the colour reproduction to becheckedcolour chartcolour chart /�k�lə tʃɑ�t/ noun a chartshowing different colours available forprintingcolour codingcolour coding /�k�lə �kəυdŋ/ noun asystem of organising items by labellingsimilar contents with the same colour

COMMENT: A manuscript may be marked upin colour by the sub-editor, with, forexample, chapter headings indicated ingreen, paragraph headings in purple, etc.,making sure always that an explanation ofthe colours and the typography required isgiven on the first pages of the MS for thecompositor to follow. For corrections toproofs, normal colour coding is that theprinter marks his corrections in green; anycorrections noticed by the publisher orauthor which they believe to be mistakesmade by the printer are marked in red; allother changes are shown in blue or black.

colour comp printcolour comp print /�k�lə kɒmp�prnt/ noun a print taken from a colourtransparencycolour correctioncolour correction /�k�lə kə|�rekʃ(ə)n/noun the correction of faulty coloursmanually, by changes to the colour separa-tionscolour depthcolour depth /�k�lə depθ/ noun thenumber of bits used to describe the colourof a pixelcolouredcoloured /�k�ləd/ adjective in colour


coloured edges 50coloured edgescoloured edges /�k�ləd �ed�z/,coloured top plural noun the edges or topof the pages of a book block which havebeen dyed with colourcolour-fast redcolour-fast red /�k�lə fɑ�st �red/ nouna red colour which is not affected by lightor chemicalscolour filmcolour film /�k�lə flm/ noun film forprinting in colourcolour filtercolour filter /�k�lə �fltə/ noun a sheetof coloured glass or plastic placed in frontof a camera, which cuts off some coloursand lets others pass, used in making colourseparationscolour graphics adaptercolour graphics adapter /�k�lə�"r�fks ə|�d�ptə/ noun full form of CGAcolouring bookcolouring book /�k�lərŋ �bυk/ noun achildren’s book of black and white draw-ings, which a child can colour incolour maskingcolour masking /�k�lə �mɑ�skŋ/ nounthe correcting of faults in colour printingby masking the separationscolour matchingcolour matching /�k�lə �m�tʃŋ/ nounthe preparation of colours according tospecifications on a standard system ofswatches, as in the Pantone systemcolour negativecolour negative /�k�lə �ne"ətv/ nounphotographed colour film where thecolours are replaced by their complementscolour palettecolour palette /�k�lə �p�lət/ noun arange of colours which can be used on aprinter or displaycolour photographcolour photograph /�k�lə�fəυtə"rɑ�f/ noun a photograph whichreproduces the subject in colourcolour platecolour plate /�k�lə plet/ noun a plateprinted in colour in a bookcolour-plate bookcolour-plate book /�k�lə plet �bυk/noun a book with colour plates, usually anantiquarian bookcolour primariescolour primaries /�k�lə �pram(ə)ri�z/plural noun same as primary colourscolour printercolour printer /�k�lə �prntə/ noun aprinter that can produce hard copy incolour, such as colour ink-jet, colour dot-matrix and thermal-transfer printerscolour proofcolour proof /�k�lə pru�f/ noun a proofin colour � The printer has submittedcolour proofs of the jacket.colour registercolour register /�k�lə �red�stə/ nounthe correct positioning of each colour onthe previous one, so that the final result isperfectcolour separationcolour separation /�k�lə �sepə |

�reʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. separation of the various

colours from a design into the processcolours to make a series of four films forprinting 2. film for a single colour

COMMENT: The colours are separated byelectronic scanning or by photographing theoriginal using filters to isolate each colour inturn. Each colour is then printed as aseparate proof for checking purposes: thisis a colour separation negative.

colour separationscolour separations /�k�lə�sepəreʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun overlaysprepared by an artist for the various coloursneeded in a designcolour swatchcolour swatch /�k�lə swɒtʃ/ noun asample of colour given by an artist for theprinter to matchcolour toolcolour tool /�k�lə tu�l/ noun a utility oricon in a graphics or DTP application thatallows the user to create custom colours byspecifying the CMYK or RGB values andthen draw or fill an area with this colourcolour transparencycolour transparency /�k�lə tr�ns|

�p�rənsi/ noun a small photograph onpositive colour film which can be used toprint from. Abbr C/Tcolumncolumn /�kɒləm/ noun 1. a verticalsection of writing in a book, newspaper ormagazine 2. a regular section or article in anewspaper or magazine by the same writeror on the same subjectcolumnarcolumnar /kə|�l�mnə/ adjective incolumnscolumnar graphcolumnar graph /kə|�l�mnə �"rɑ�f/noun a graph on which values are shown asvertical or horizontal barscolumnar workingcolumnar working /kə|�l�mnə�w!�kŋ/ noun a method of data presenta-tion in which information is shown incolumnscolumn balancingcolumn balancing /�kɒləm�b�lənsŋ/ noun the automatic adjustmentof columns on a page, so that they are thesame lengthcolumn breakcolumn break /�kɒləm brek/ noun abad break which occurs in a columncolumn-centimetrecolumn-centimetre /�kɒləm�sentmi�tə/, column-inch noun the depthin centimetres or inches of a space in anewspaper column, used for calculatingcharges for advertisingcolumnistcolumnist /�kɒləmnst/ noun a jour-nalist who writes a regular column for anewspaper or magazinecolumn rulecolumn rule /�kɒləm ru�l/ noun a rulerunning down the page of a newspaperfrom top to bottom, separating the columns


51 commitmentcolumns acrosscolumns across /�kɒləmz ə |�krɒs/adjective printing a newspaper with thecolumns running across the cylindercolumns aroundcolumns around /�kɒləmz ə |�raυnd/adjective printing a newspaper with thecolumns running round the plate cylindercomb binding

comb binding /�kəυm �bandŋ/ noun atype of mechanical binding, where loosepages are attached by the teeth of a plasticcomb, which are then rolled round to forma spinecombination line and halftonecombination line and halftone/�kɒmbneʃ(ə)n �lan ən �hɑ�ftəυn/,combination plate noun a plate whichuses both line artwork or text and photo-graphs in the same designcombined halftone and linecombined halftone and line /kəm |

�band �hɑ�ftəυn ən �lan/ adjective refer-ring to an illustration which uses both half-tones and line artwork in the same designcoming-and-goingcoming-and-going /�k�mŋ ən�"əυŋ/ noun a method of printing twocopies of a book at the same time, with thepages joined head to head. � fore and aft,printed head-to-head, printed head-to-tail, two-upcommacomma /�kɒmə/ noun a punctuationmark (,) used to show the natural breaks inwritten sentencescommentarycommentary /�kɒmənt(ə)ri/ noun atext which comments on another text � aseries of commentaries on the books of theBible � He has written a commentary onShakespeare’s ‘Hamlet’.commercecommerce /�kɒm!�s/ noun the buyingand selling of goods and servicescommercialcommercial /kə|�m!�ʃ(ə)l/ adjectiverelating to buying and selling things �Sample only – of no commercial value. �noun an advertisement on televisioncommercial a

commercial a /kə|�m!�ʃ(ə)l e/ noun aprinting sign (@) which means ‘at’commercial artist

commercial artist /kə|�m!�ʃ(ə)l�ɑ�tst/ noun an artist who designs adver-tisements such as posters for paymentcommercial collegecommercial college /kə|�m!�ʃ(ə)l�kɒld�/ noun a college which teachesbusiness studiescommercial coursecommercial course /kə|�m!�ʃ(ə)lkɔ�s/ noun a course where business skillsare studiedcommercial directory

commercial directory /kə|�m!�ʃ(ə)lda|�rekt(ə)ri/ noun same as trade direc-tory

commercial lawcommercial law /kə |�m!�ʃ(ə)l �lɔ�/noun laws regarding the conduct of busi-nesscommercial lawyercommercial lawyer /kə|�m!�ʃ(ə)l�lɔ�jə/ noun a person who specialises incompany law or who advises companies onlegal problemscommercial printercommercial printer /kə|�m!�ʃ(ə)l�prntə/ noun a printing company whichprints for business clients other thanpublisherscommercial travellercommercial traveller /kə|�m!�ʃ(ə)l�tr�v(ə)lə/ noun a salesperson who travelsround an area visiting customers on behalfof their companycommissioncommission /kə|�mʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.money paid to a salesperson or an agent,usually a percentage of the sales made �She gets 10% commission on everythingshe sells. 2. a job given to a person orcompany to do � He has an interestingcommission – to write a history ofmuseums. 3. a group of people officiallyappointed to examine a problem � Thegovernment has appointed a commissionof inquiry to look into the problems ofsmall exporters. � He is the chairman ofthe government commission on exportsubsidies. � verb to arrange for somebodyto do some work in exchange for payment� He was commissioned to design a newlogo. � to commission a book to ask anauthor to write a book � She has commis-sioned a series of books on world history. �They never publish works submitted onspec, and commission everything in theirlist.commission agentcommission agent /kə|�mʃ(ə)n�ed�ənt/ noun an agent who is paid bycommission, not by feecommissioning editorcommissioning editor /kə|�mʃənŋ�edtə/ noun a person who asks authors towrite books for the part of the publisher’slist for which he or she is responsiblecommission repcommission rep /kə|�mʃ(ə)n rep/,commission salesman noun a sales-person who is not paid a salary, butreceives a commission on salescommission salecommission sale /kə|�mʃ(ə)n sel/noun a sale where the salesperson is paid acommission. Also called sale on commis-sioncommitmentcommitment /kə |�mtmənt/ noun a taskwhich you undertake to docommitmentcommon business-orientedlanguage noun full form of COBOL


common pricing 52common pricingcommon pricing /�kɒmən �prasŋ/noun the illegal fixing of prices by severalbusinesses so that they all charge the samepricecommon query languagecommon query language /�kɒmən�kwəri �l�n"wd�/ noun a formallanguage used to interrogate a database.Abbr CQLcommonscommons /�kɒmənz/ plural noun datastored in the memory of one computer thatis available to all computers linked to it bya networkcommunication

communication /kə |�mju�n |�keʃ(ə)n/noun 1. the exchange of informationbetween people, e.g. by means of speaking,writing or using a common system of signsor behaviour 2. a spoken or writtenmessage 3. the act of giving informationcommunicativecommunicative /kə|�mju�nkətv/adjective 1. relating to communication orto systems for communication 2. (in foreignlanguage teaching) stressing the impor-tance of language as a tool for communi-cating information and ideascommuniquécommuniqué /kə|�mju�nke/ noun anofficial announcement, especially to thepress or publiccompcomp /kɒmp/ abbreviation 1. compositor2. comprehensive layoutcompact disc interactivecompact disc interactive/�kɒmp�kt dsk �ntər |��ktv/ noun fullform of CD-Icompact disc – read only memorycompact disc – read only memory/�kɒmp�kt �dsk �ri�d �əυnli �mem(ə)ri/noun full form of CD-ROMcompact disc write oncecompact disc write once /�kɒmp�ktdsk �rat �w�ns/ noun full form of CD-WOcompact video disccompact video disc /�kɒmp�kt�vdiəυ �dsk/ noun a compact disc thatplays both sound and picturescompanies’ registercompanies’ register /�k�mpəniz�red�stə/ noun a list of companies,showing their directors and registeredaddresses. Also called register of compa-niescompanioncompanion /kəm |�p�njən/ noun aguide or handbook on a particular subjectcompanionshipcompanionship /kəm |�p�njənʃp/noun a group of compositors workingtogether on the same jobcompany law

company law /�k�mp(ə)ni �lɔ�/ nounlaws which refer to the way companieswork

compatibilitycompatibility /kəm|�p�t|�blti/ noun(of two devices or programs) the ability tofunction together

COMMENT: By conforming to the standardsof another manufacturer or organisation,compatibility of hardware and softwareallows programs and devices to beinterchanged without modification; text, forexample, can be written on one machineusing a word-processing package andedited on another machine using a pagemake-up package.

compatiblecompatible /kəm |�p�tb(ə)l/ adjectiveworking well togethercompendious

compendious /kəm |�pendiəs/ adjectivecontaining a wide range of information ina concise formcompendiumcompendium /kəm |�pendiəm/ noun abook in which two or more previouslypublished books are brought togethercompensating guard

compensating guard/�kɒmpənsetŋ "ɑ�d/ noun same asguardcompensating rollercompensating roller /�kɒmpənsetŋ�rəυlə/ noun a roller in a web-fed presswhich compensates for the uneven tensionin the reel of paper. � jockey rollercompetencecompetence /�kɒmpt(ə)ns/ nounknowledge of a language that enablessomebody to speak and understand itcompetingcompeting /kəm |�pi�tŋ/ adjective incompetition with somebody or somethingelsecompeting firms

competing firms /kəm |�pi�tŋ f!�mz/plural noun firms which are in competitionwith each othercompetitioncompetition /�kɒmpə|�tʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. asituation where two or more companieswith similar products try to persuadepeople to buy theirs 2. an informal test ofskill or ability � The children’s library rana competition to see who read the mostbooks during the school holiday. � thecompetition companies which are tryingto compete with your productcompetitivecompetitive /kəm |�pettv/ adjectiveoffered at the same low or cheaper pricethan similar goodscompetitively priced

competitively priced /kəm|�pettvli�prast/ adjective sold at a low price whichcompetes with that of similar productsfrom other companiescompetitive pricingcompetitive pricing /kəm |�pettv�prasŋ/ noun the practice of putting a lowprice on a product so that it competes withsimilar products from other companies


53 computercompilationcompilation /�kɒmp|�leʃ(ə)n/ noun awork produced by combining materialfrom other books or documentscompilecompile /kəm |�pal/ verb to put togetherdifferent pieces of information in order tomake them into one documentcompilercompiler /kəm|�palə/ noun a personwho collects and edits material taken fromvarious sources for publication as a newworkcomplementary colourscomplementary colours/�kɒmplment(ə)ri �k�ləz/ plural nountwo colours that when optically combinedproduce whitecompletioncompletion /kəm|�pli�ʃ(ə)n/ noun thepoint at which something is finishedcompletion datecompletion date /kəm |�pli�ʃ(ə)n det/noun the date by which something must befinishedcomplimentarycomplimentary /�kɒmpl |�ment(ə)ri/adjective free or given as a present � Theauthor got three complimentary copies ofhis book. � He asked for a complimentarycopy to be sent to his father.compliments slipcompliments slip /�kɒmplməntsslp/ noun a piece of paper with the nameof the company printed on it, sent with abook, document or gift instead of a lettercomp listcomp list /�kɒmp lst/ noun a list ofpeople who receive complimentary copiescomposecompose /kəm |�pəυz/ verb 1. to create amusical or literary work 2. to put text intotype ready for printing, using any method,such as hot metal setting or photocomposi-tioncomposing framecomposing frame /kəm |�pəυzŋfrem/ noun a compositor’s storage unit,with cases for different typescomposing machinecomposing machine /kəm |�pəυzŋmə|�ʃi�n/ noun a machine which sets typeautomatically in hot metal, from instruc-tions given on a paper tape, punched by thecompositor using a keyboardcomposing roomcomposing room /kəm |�pəυzŋ ru�m/noun the section of a printer’s works or ofa newspaper where the text is typeset andmade up into pagescomposing stickcomposing stick /kəm |�pəυzŋ stk/noun a narrow metal holder in which thecompositor places the pieces of type as heor she sets each linecomposite artworkcomposite artwork /�kɒmpəzt�ɑ�tw!�k/ noun artwork which includesvarious elements such as text, halftonesand sketch maps

composite blockcomposite block /�kɒmpəzt blɒk/noun a printing block with halftones andline blocks or parts of different blockscomposite separationscomposite separations /�kɒmpəzt�sepə|�reʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun a digital fileof the separations of a piece of artwork, allof which are stored together. Comparepreseparated filescompositioncomposition /�kɒmpə|�zʃ(ə)n/ nounthe way that the parts of something are puttogethercomposition costscomposition costs /�kɒmpə|�zʃ(ə)n�kɒsts/ plural noun the cost of typesettinga bookcomposition sizecomposition size /�kɒmpə|�zʃ(ə)nsaz/ noun a printing type size which canbe set by machine, as opposed to displaysizescompositorcompositor /kəm |�pɒztə/ noun 1. aperson who sets up the required type priorto printing, either by hand using metal typeor by keyboarding (NOTE: The US term istypographer.) 2. US a person who makescorrections to metal type or who sets tech-nical material. Abbr compcomprehensivecomprehensive /�kɒmpr|�hensv/adjective covering all the possible aspectsof a subjectcomprehensive layoutcomprehensive layout /�kɒmpr |

�hensv �leaυt/, comprehensive/�kɒmpr |�hensv/ noun US finishedartwork such as graphics, photographs orillustrations, used as part of a printedoutput. Abbr comp (NOTE: The UK term isvisual.)compressioncompression /kəm |�preʃ(ə)n/ noun theprocess of reducing the size of a computerfile by encoding the data in a more efficientformcompression ratiocompression ratio /kəm |�preʃ(ə)n�reʃiəυ/ noun the ratio of the size of anoriginal, uncompressed file to the final,compressed file that has been more effi-ciently encodedcomptometercomptometer /kɒmp|�tɒmtə/ noun amachine which counts automaticallycompulsorycompulsory /kəm |�p�lsəri/ adjectiveforced or orderedcompulsory liquidationcompulsory liquidation /kəm |

�p�lsəri �lkw|�deʃ(ə)n/ noun liquidationwhich is ordered by a courtcomputercomputer /kəm |�pju�tə/ noun an elec-tronic machine that processes data veryquickly using a stored program

COMMENT: Computers are now used in allstages of book and magazine production.The original text is keyboarded (often by an


computer-aided design 54

author or journalist); a sub-editor may codeit for typesetting, and it is passed via disk, anetwork or an ftp site to a typesettingcomputer. The typesetting computer hasbeen programmed to recognise certaincodes and output text in certain typefaces,point sizes, formats, etc., according to thecodes inserted by the editors orcompositors. Finally, the printing processitself is computerised, with inbuiltcomputers in the printing and bindingmachines programmed to accept printinginstructions.

computer-aided designcomputer-aided design /kəm |

�pju�tər �edd d|�zan/ noun the use of acomputer and graphics terminal to help adesigner in his or her work. Abbr CADcomputer-assisted compositioncomputer-assisted composition/kəm |�pju�tər ə|�sstd �kɒmpə |�zʃ(ə)n/noun composition using digitally recordedtext, which generates characters and auto-matically inserts spaces, as well as hyphen-ating, justifying and paginatingcomputer-assisted designcomputer-assisted design /kəm |

�pju�tər ə|�sstd d |�zan/ noun same ascomputer-aided designcomputer departmentcomputer department /kəm|�pju�təd |�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a department in acompany which manages the company’scomputerscomputer errorcomputer error /kəm |�pju�tər �erə/noun a mistake made by a computercomputer filecomputer file /kəm|�pju�tə fal/ noun ablock of information saved on a computer,with its own namecomputer-generatedcomputer-generated /kəm|�pju�tə�d�enəretd/ adjective produced using acomputer � The book is illustrated withcomputer-generated graphics.computer hardwarecomputer hardware /kəm|�pju�tə�hɑ�dweə/ noun machines used in dataprocessing, including the computers,keyboards, monitors and printers, but notthe programscomputer indexingcomputer indexing /kəm |�pju�tər�ndeksŋ/ noun automated methods ofproducing indexescomputerisedcomputerised /kəm |�pju�tərazd/,computerized adjective changed from amanual system to an automated system � acomputerised invoicing system � The bookwas set using computerised typesetting.computer languagecomputer language /kəm|�pju�tə�l�ŋ"wd�/ noun a language made up ofnumbers and characters used to giveinstructions to a computer

COMMENT: There are three types ofcomputer languages: machine code,assembler and high-level language. Thehigher the level the language is, the easier

it is to program and understand, but theslower it is to execute. Common high-levellanguages are BASIC, C, COBOL,FORTRAN, PASCAL, PROLOG.

computer listingcomputer listing /kəm |�pju�tə �lstŋ/noun a printout of a list of items taken fromdata stored in a computercomputer-literatecomputer-literate /kəm|�pju�tə�lt(ə)rət/ adjective having a good under-standing and experience of working withcomputerscomputer magazinecomputer magazine /kəm|�pju�təm�"ə |�zi�n/ noun a magazine with articleson computers and programscomputer networkcomputer network /kəm|�pju�tə�netw!�k/ noun shared use of a series ofinterconnected computers, peripherals andterminalscomputer programcomputer program /kəm|�pju�tə�prəυ"r�m/ noun instructions to acomputer, telling it to do a particular pieceof workcomputer programmercomputer programmer /kəm|�pju�tə�prəυ"r�mə/ noun a person who writescomputer programscomputer programmingcomputer programming /kəm |

�pju�tə �prəυ"r�mŋ/ noun the job ofwriting programs for computerscomputer servicescomputer services /kəm|�pju�tə�s!�vsz/ plural noun 1. support servicesfor computer users 2. work done on acomputer for clients by expertscomputer settingcomputer setting /kə |�mpju�tə �setŋ/noun typesetting using a computerisedtypesetting machinecomputer stationerycomputer stationery /kəm|�pju�tə�steʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ noun paper specially madefor use in a computer printercomputer systemcomputer system /kəm|�pju�tə�sstəm/ noun a set of programs andcommands which run a computercomputer tapecomputer tape /kəm|�pju�tə tep/ nouna magnetic tape used in computerscomputer terminalcomputer terminal /kəm|�pju�tə�t!�mn(ə)l/ noun a keyboard and screenby which information can be put into acomputer or called up from a database � acomputer system consisting of a micro-processor and six terminalscomputer timecomputer time /kəm |�pju�tə tam/noun the time when a computer is beingused, paid for at an hourly ratecomputer to platecomputer to plate /kəm |�pju�tə tə�plet/ noun a system by which thepublisher supplies the printer with text ondisk, usually in PostScript format, and theprinter outputs it direct to plate, without


55 conflict of interest

going through the CRC and film stages.Abbr CTPcomputer typesettingcomputer typesetting /kəm |�pju�tə�tapsetŋ/ noun typesetting which is doneautomatically by a computer, usinginstructions keyed on disk or tapecomputingcomputing /kəm |�pju�tŋ/ noun theactivity of using computers or computersoftwareconcertina foldconcertina fold /�kɒnsə|�ti�nə fəυld/noun same as accordion foldconciliationconciliation /kən|�sli |�eʃ(ə)n/ noun theact of bringing together the parties in adispute so that the dispute can be settledconciseconcise /kən|�sas/ adjective using asfew words as possible to give the necessaryinformationconcludeconclude /kən|�klu�d/ verb to completesomething successfully � We haveconcluded a distribution agreement with aGerman distributor.concordanceconcordance /kən |�kɔ�d(ə)ns/ noun analphabetical index of all the words in adocument � a concordance to the Bible � aShakespeare concordance

‘Logos Bible Software, for example,licenses 50 Bible translations and 5,000reference works, such as commentariesand concordances, that the companybundles into quickly searchableelectronic libraries.’ [The Boston Globe]

condensecondense /kən|�dens/ verb to makesomething shorter, e.g. to make text take upless space � The printer was asked tocondense the text to 96 pages. � The bookis a condensed version of the novel.condensedcondensed /kən|�denst/ adjective, nountypeface with narrower characters thannormal, taking less room on the line � Theheadwords are set in bold Universcondensed.conditioncondition /kən |�dʃ(ə)n/ noun somethingthat must happen before something else ispossible � on condition that provided that� They were granted the lease on conditionthat they paid the legal costs. � verb toprepare paper for printing by exposing it tothe temperature and humidity levels in thepressroomconditionalconditional /kən |�dʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adjectiveprovided that particular things take place �He made a conditional offer.conditions of employmentconditions of employment /kən|

�dʃ(ə)nz əv m |�plɔmənt/, conditions ofservice plural noun the terms of a contractof employment

conditions of saleconditions of sale /kən|�dʃ(ə)nz əv�sel/ noun the agreed ways in which a saletakes place, such as discounts and credittermsconductconduct /kən |�d�kt/ verb to carry some-thing out � They had to conduct the conver-sation in Russian. � The chairmanconducted the negotiations very efficiently.confectioners, tobacconists and newsagentsconfectioners, tobacconists andnewsagents full form of CTNconferencingconferencing /�kɒnf(ə)rənsŋ/ nounthe holding of a conference, meeting ordiscussion in which the participants arelinked by telephone, by telephone andvideo equipment or by computerconfidenceconfidence /�kɒnfd(ə)ns/ noun thestate of being able to trust or feel sureabout somebody or something � The salesteams do not have much confidence in theirmanager. � His confidence that the bookwould sell well was justified.confidentconfident /�kɒnfd(ə)nt/ adjectivecertain or sure � I am confident the turn-over will increase rapidly. � Are you confi-dent the sales team is capable of handlingthis product?confidentialconfidential /�kɒnf|�denʃəl/ adjectiveintended to be kept secret � As this infor-mation is confidential you must not give itto anyone else.confidentialityconfidentiality /�kɒnfdenʃi|��lti/noun the fact of being secret � He brokeconfidentiality by telling a rival firm aboutthe plans.confirmconfirm /kən |�f!�m/ verb to state thatsomething is definite or trueconfirmationconfirmation /�kɒnfə|�meʃən/ noun 1.the act of checking that something is defi-nite 2. something which confirms the truthof something � He received confirmationfrom the bank that the cheque had beencleared.confiscateconfiscate /�kɒnfsket/ verb to removeprivate property as a punishment � Thepolice are allowed to confiscate porno-graphic material.conflateconflate /kən|�flet/ verb 1. to bringseveral pieces of text together to form onepiece 2. US to bring together various partsof a book, such as text pages, colour illus-trations or insert maps, before the book isbound (NOTE: The UK term is collate.)conflict of interestconflict of interest /�kɒnflkt əv�ntrəst/ noun a situation where somebodymay profit personally from decisionswhich they take in their official capacity


conglomerate 56conglomerateconglomerate /kən |�"lɒmərət/ noun agroup of subsidiary companies which arelinked together, but make very differenttypes of products � The design studio ispart of a large printing conglomerate.coniferconifer /�kɒnfə/ noun a tree growing intemperate regions which grows fast andproduces the softwood which is exten-sively used in papermakingconjectureconjecture /kən|�d�ektʃə/ noun aconclusion, judgment or statement basedon incomplete or inconclusive informationconnectconnect /kə |�nekt/ verb to join twothings togetherconnected dotsconnected dots /kə |�nektd �dɒts/plural noun a block of halftone dots, whichare joined togetherconnectionconnection /kə|�nekʃən/ noun some-thing that joins or links two or more things� There is no connection between us andthe American company of the same name.� Both the authors are published by thesame company; that is the only connectionbetween them.connectionsconnections /kə |�nekʃ(ə)nz/ pluralnoun customers, contacts or other peopleyou know � He has useful connections inthe printing industry.connectivityconnectivity /�kɒnek|�tvti/ noun theability to communicate with anothersystem or piece of hardware or software, orwith an Internet siteconnect timeconnect time /kə |�nekt tam/ noun theperiod of time a user is logged on to aremote computer, e.g. when browsing theInternetconsiderationconsideration /kən |�sdə|�reʃ(ə)n/noun 1. serious thought � We are givingconsideration to moving the head office toScotland. 2. something valuableexchanged as part of a contractconsignconsign /kən|�san/ verb � to consigngoods to someone to send goods to some-body for them to use or to sell for youconsignationconsignation /�kɒnsa |�neʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of consigning goodsconsigneeconsignee /�kɒnsa |�ni�/ noun some-body who receives goods for their own useor to sell for the senderconsignmentconsignment /kən |�sanmənt/ noun thedelivery of goods � books sent onconsignment books sent overseas, wherethey will be kept by another company to besold on the publisher’s behalf for acommission. The consignee will send backsales reports and sales revenue, less

commission, to the consignor at regularintervals.

COMMENT: On consignment deals arerarely favoured by accounting staff: it isdifficult to establish whether a sale hasbeen made, and the stock may have to beconsidered as if it were unsold warehousestock. Ownership of the stock can provedifficult to establish in the case where theconsignee goes into liquidation or is takenover (especially if, as usual, the consigneeis in another country, operating underanother legal system), and counting stockfor valuation purposes is impossible.

consignment noteconsignment note /kən|�sanməntnəυt/ noun a note saying that goods havebeen sentconsignorconsignor /kən|�sanə/ noun a personwho consigns goods to somebodyconsistencyconsistency /kən|�sstənsi/ noun 1.being reliably always the same � A housestyle is designed to impose consistency onall the publisher’s list. 2. the state of beingliquid or solid, especially the percentage offibre in paper pulp � The consistency of thepulp will depend on the amount of wateradded.consolidateconsolidate /kən |�sɒldet/ verb 1. toput the accounts of several subsidiarycompanies into the accounts of the maingroup 2. to group goods together for ship-pingconsolidated accountsconsolidated accounts /kən|

�sɒldetd ə |�kaυnts/ plural noun theaccounts of subsidiary companies groupedtogether into the accounts of the parentcompanyconsolidated shipmentconsolidated shipment /kən|

�sɒldetd �ʃpmənt/ noun goods fromdifferent companies grouped together intoa single shipmentconsolidationconsolidation /kən |�sɒl|�deʃ(ə)n/noun grouping goods together for shippingconsortiumconsortium /kən|�sɔ�tiəm/ noun agroup of companies or organisationsworking together for a common purposeconstatconstat abbreviation continuousstationeryconsultancyconsultancy /kən|�s�ltənsi/ noun theact of giving specialist advice � a consul-tancy firm � He offers a consultancyservice.consultantconsultant /kən |�s�ltənt/ noun anexpert who gives advice in a professionalfieldconsumableconsumable /kən |�sju�məb(ə)l/ nounmaterial such as paper or ink which is usedup in a process


57 continuationconsumable textbookconsumable textbook /kən|

�sju�məb(ə)l �tekstbυk/ noun a schoolbook with blank spaces in which thestudent writes notes or answers, and whichcannot be reused by another studentconsumer panelconsumer panel /kən|�sju�mə�p�n(ə)l/ noun a group of consumers whoreport on goods they have used so that themanufacturer can improve the goods, oruse the consumers’ reports in advertisingconsumer protectionconsumer protection /kən|�sju�məprə|�tekʃən/ noun the act of protectingconsumers against unfair or illegal traderscont.cont. abbreviation PUBL contentscontactcontact /�kɒnt�kt/ noun the act oftouching something � verb to touch some-thing � The print is made when the filmcontacts the paper.contact negativecontact negative /�kɒnt�kt �ne"ətv/noun a film that can be used to produce aprint without any reduction or enlargementcontact printcontact print /�kɒnt�kt prnt/ noun aprint made where the paper touches thenegative, and which is therefore exactly thesame size as the negativecontact printingcontact printing /�kɒnt�kt �prntŋ/noun a photographic printing process inwhich the negative touches the light-sensi-tive papercontact screencontact screen /�kɒnt�kt skri�n/noun a type of screen used for making half-tone blocks, where the screen touches thefilmcontainercontainer /kən|�tenə/ noun 1. a box,bottle or can which can hold goods � Thegas is shipped in strong metal containers.� The container burst during shipping. 2. avery large metal case of a standard size forloading and transporting goods on trucks,trains and ships � container ship �container terminal � to ship goods incontainerscontainer boardcontainer board /kən |�tenə bɔ�d/noun strong cardboard used to make boxescontainerisationcontainerisation /kən |�tenəra|

�zeʃ(ə)n/, containerization noun puttinggoods into containers, or shipping incontainerscontainerisecontainerise /kən|�tenəraz/, contain-erize verb to put goods into containers, orto ship goods in containerscontentcontent /�kɒntent/ noun informationmade available by an electronic medium orproductcontent managementcontent management /�kɒntent�m�nd�mənt/ noun the management of

the textual and graphical materialcontained on a website

‘While organisations are building moreelaborate content management systems,they are failing to address the need toharness and share knowledge inmeaningful ways. The information [inthese] is just the thin end of a large andlargely unmanageable wedge. The rest ofthe wedge comprises human interactionlike face-to-face conversations, onlinediscussion groups, weblogs, telephonecalls, instant messages, emails and soon.’ [Information World Review]

content providercontent provider /�kɒntent prə|

�vadə/ noun a website containing mainlynews or information rather than commer-cial facilities such as shopping or banking,or a business supplying the information forsuch a websitecontentscontents /�kɒntents/ plural noun 1. thesubject matter of a document or publica-tion 2. a list at the front of a publicationthat gives the title and number of the firstpage of each new chapter or partcontents listcontents list /�kɒntents lst/ noun a listof the main chapters in a book, givenusually at the beginning. Also called list ofcontentscontents pagecontents page /�kɒntents ped�/ nouna page at the beginning of a documentlisting the things in itcontent syndicationcontent syndication /�kɒntent�sndkeʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of makingcontent available to be accessed and repro-duced by subscriberscontextcontext /�kɒntekst/ noun 1. a back-ground situation to an event which helps itto be understood � out of context seen asan individual item not related to its back-ground � how a word is used in contexthow it goes together with other words andphrases to form a sentence 2. additionalinformation about a product that is consid-ered to be helpful to customers and isshown on a website. For example, reviewsby other customers displayed on the sitefor a particular book.continualcontinual /kən |�tnjuəl/ adjectivehappening again and again � Productionwas slow because of continual breakdownsin the paper feed.continuallycontinually /kən |�tnjuəli/ adverb againand again � The photocopier is continuallybreaking down.continuationcontinuation /kən|�tnju |�eʃ(ə)n/ nounthe act of continuing


continuation page 58continuation pagecontinuation page /kən |�tnjυ|�eʃ(ə)nped�/ noun a page or screen of text thatfollows on from a main pagecontinuecontinue /kən|�tnju�/ verb to go ondoing something or to do something whichyou were doing earlier � The serial will becontinued in our next issue. � The article iscontinued on page 98. � Printing willcontinue all night.continuity book clubcontinuity book club /�kɒnt |�nju�tibυk kl�b/ noun US a book club in whichbooks are sent to members automatically,leaving the member free to return the bookif he or she does not want to buy itcontinuity setcontinuity set /�kɒnt|�nju�ti set/ nouna series of volumes of a reference title suchas an encyclopedia, which are updated andexpanded by regular new publicationscontinuouscontinuous /kən|�tnjυəs/ adjectivewith no end or with no breakscontinuous feedcontinuous feed /kən|�tnjuəs �fi�d/noun a device which feeds continuousstationery into a computer printercontinuous sectionscontinuous sections /kən|�tnjυəs�sekʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun an arrangement ofsections of a book where each follows onfrom the next, as opposed to insettedsectionscontinuous stationerycontinuous stationery /kən|�tnjυəs�steʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ noun paper made as a longsheet used in computer printers. Abbrconstatcontinuous textcontinuous text /kən|�tnjυəs tekst/noun written matter which continueswithout any break for illustrations, charts,etc.continuous tonecontinuous tone /kən |�tnjυəs təυn/noun an image such as a watercolourpainting, where the tone shades betweendark and light without being broken up intodots, as opposed to halftones and linedrawingscontonecontone /�kɒntəυn/ abbreviation contin-uous tonecontractcontract /kən |�tr�kt/ noun 1. a writtenlegal agreement � The contract is bindingon both parties. 2. � to put work out tocontract to decide that work should bedone by another company on a contract,rather than employing members of staff todo it � verb to agree to do some work bycontract � to contract to supply 10,000copies at 0.65p per copy � to contract outof an agreement to withdraw from anagreement with the written permission ofthe other party

COMMENT: In a publishing contract thepublisher is granted the right to publish awork under certain conditions: the paymentof a fee or royalty to the author; a definitionof the markets in which the publisher canpublish and sell the work; the defined rightof the publisher to sublicense translations,book club editions, film adaptations, etc., onbehalf of the author. For his part, the authorguarantees that the book is original (i.e.,that it is not copied from another book), isnot libellous and that the author does in facthold the rights to the book.

contracting partycontracting party /kən|�tr�ktŋ�pɑ�ti/ noun a person or company whichsigns a contractcontract lawcontract law /�kɒntr�kt lɔ�/ noun lawsrelating to agreementscontract of employmentcontract of employment /�kɒntr�ktəv m |�plɔmənt/ noun a contract betweenmanagement and employee showing theconditions under which the employeeworkscontractorcontractor /kən|�tr�ktə/ noun a personor company which does work according toa written agreementcontract proofcontract proof /�kɒntr�kt pru�f/ nouna colour, hardcopy representation of theintended printed image made from thefilms from which the final image carrierwill be madecontractualcontractual /kən|�tr�ktʃυəl/ adjectiveaccording to a contract � She is under nocontractual obligation to buy. � to fulfilyour contractual obligations to do whatyou have agreed to do in a contractcontractual liabilitycontractual liability /kən|�tr�ktʃuəl�laə |�blti/ noun a legal responsibility forsomething as stated in a contractcontractuallycontractually /kən|�tr�ktjuəli/ adverbaccording to a contract � The company iscontractually bound to pay his expenses.contract workcontract work /�kɒntr�kt w!�k/ nounwork done according to a written agree-mentcontrarycontrary /�kɒntrəri/ noun 1. the opposite2. material such as pitch found in paper,which should not be therecontrastcontrast /�kɒntrɑ�st/ noun a big differ-ence between two things which is clearwhen they are comparedcontrastingcontrasting /kən |�trɑ�stŋ/ adjectiveshowing sharp differences � a cover designin contrasting colourscontrastycontrasty /�kɒntrɑ�sti/ adjective havingtoo much contrastcontributecontribute /kən |�trbju�t/ verb toprovide part of a whole � to contribute an


59 co-operative advertising

article to a magazine � to contributemoney to help pay for somethingcontributed content websitecontributed content website /kən|

�trbju�td �kɒntent �websat/ noun awebsite that allows visitors to add theircontributions to its content, e.g., to writereviews of books that are advertised on thesitecontributioncontribution /�kɒntr |�bju�ʃ(ə)n/ nouna piece of material that forms part of apublication or broadcastcontributorcontributor /kən |�trbjυtə/ noun aperson who contributes to a publicationsuch as a newspaper or anthologycontrolcontrol /kən|�trəυl/ noun the power orauthority to make decisions about howsomething is managed � verb to organisesomething so that it works the way youwant it tocontrol groupcontrol group /kən|�trəυl "ru�p/ noun asmall group which is used to check asample groupcontrol keycontrol key /kən |�trəυl ki�/ noun a keyon a computer which works part of aprogramcontrolled circulation magazinecontrolled circulation magazine/kən|�trəυld �s!�kjυleʃ(ə)n �m�"ə |�zi�n/noun a magazine which is not sold, butgiven free to a special list of readerscontrollercontroller /kən |�trəυlə/ noun 1. a personwho controls something, especially thefinances of a company 2. US the chiefaccountant in a companycontrol stripcontrol strip /kən|�trəυl strp/ noun acolour control bar which is printed on theedge of colour proofscontrol systemscontrol systems /kən |�trəυl �sstəmz/plural noun systems used to check that acomputer system is working correctlycontrol targetcontrol target /kən|�trəυl �tɑ�"t/ nounan image that contains specific elementsdesigned to highlight variations in repro orprintingconventionconvention /kən|�venʃən/ noun 1. alarge meeting of an organisation or polit-ical group 2. an international agreement. �

Berne Convention, Universal CopyrightConvention

COMMENT: Both the Berne Convention andthe UCC were drawn up to try to protectcopyright from pirates; under the BerneConvention, published material remains incopyright until 50 years after the death ofthe author and for 25 years after publicationunder the UCC. In both cases, a work whichis copyrighted in one country isautomatically covered by the copyright

legislation of all countries signing theconvention.

conversionconversion /kən |�v!�ʃ(ə)n/ noun achange from one computer system toanotherconversion priceconversion price /kən |�v!�ʃ(ə)npras/, conversion rate /kən |�v!�ʃ(ə)nret/ noun the rate at which a currency ischanged into a foreign currencyconversion tableconversion table /kən |�v!�ʃ(ə)n�teb(ə)l/ noun a table for convertingprices in a foreign currency to those of alocal currency, used by some countries toregulate the retail price of imported booksconvertconvert /kən |�v!�t/ verb to change moneyof one country for money of another � Weconverted our pounds into Swiss francs.convertibilityconvertibility /kən |�v!�tə|�bləti/ nounthe ability of a currency to be exchangedeasily for anotherconvertible currencyconvertible currency /kən |�v!�təb(ə)l�k�rənsi/ noun a currency that can beexchanged for another easilyconvertingconverting /kən|�v!�tŋ/ noun the use ofpaper or board to make stationery or pack-aging, with very little printing involvedcookery bookcookery book /�kυk(ə)ri bυk/, cook-book /�kυkbυk/ noun a book that givesrecipes for preparing food (NOTE: Cook-book is always used in the US, and theterm is becoming much more common inGB English.)cookiecookie /�kυki/ noun a computer filecontaining information about a user that issent to the central computer with eachrequest. The server uses this information tocustomise data sent back to the user and tolog the user’s requests.co-operateco-operate /�kəυ �ɒpəret/ verb to worktogether � The governments are co-oper-ating in the fight against piracy. � The twofirms have co-operated on the computerproject.co-operationco-operation /kəυ �ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)n/ nounthe act of working together � Without theco-operation of the workforce the projectwould never have been completed ahead ofschedule.co-operativeco-operative /kəυ �ɒp(ə)rətv/ adjec-tive willing to work together � The work-force has not been co-operative over themanagement’s productivity plan.co-operative advertisingco-operative advertising /kəυ|

�ɒp(ə)rətv ��dvətazŋ/ noun adver-tising where two companies share thecosts, such as advertising by an agent andthe publisher


coordinate 60coordinatecoordinate noun /kəυ|�ɔ�dnət/ a valuefrom an axis on a graph, used to locate aspecific point � verb /kəυ |�ɔ�dnet/ tocombine different items so that they workwell together � She is trying to co-ordinatethe typesetting, printing and binding invarious locations.copiercopier /�kɒpiə/ noun same as photo-copiercoppercopper /�kɒpə/ noun a red metal used forhalftone blocks and in engravingscopperplatecopperplate /�kɒpəplet/ noun 1. aplate of copper, used to make engravings 2.a type of handwriting or script with longascenders and descenders sloping to theright, used in the 18th century in Britain,and taught as a model in schoolscopperplate printingcopperplate printing /�kɒpəplet�prntŋ/ noun a printing method that usesa copper plate on which the image isetched, producing a very sharp imagecoproductioncoproduction /�kəυprə|�d�kʃ(ə)n/noun production of a large book or TVshow where more than one companyshares in the costcopropertycoproperty /kəυ |�prɒpəti/ noun owner-ship of property by two or more peopletogethercoproprietorcoproprietor /�kəυprə|�praətə/ noun aperson who owns a property with anotherperson or several other peoplecopublicationcopublication /kəυ|�p�bl |�keʃ(ə)n/noun the act of copublishing a book. � co-editioncopublishcopublish /kəυ|�p�blʃ/ verb to publish abook, together with one or more othercompanies who are involved in the origina-tion of the book, and then sell it in differentmarkets � We are copublishing the bookwith a Swedish publisher.copublishercopublisher /kəυ|�p�blʃə/ noun apublisher who joins with another topublish a bookcopycopy /�kɒpi/ noun 1. something that ismade to look exactly the same as the orig-inal 2. the text of a manuscript or adver-tising material � copy for the cover Sameas cover copy � verb to make somethinglook exactly the same as the originalcopy blockcopy block /�kɒpi blɒk/ noun a block oftext which is dealt with as a single part of adesigncopy boardcopy board /�kɒpi bɔ�d/ noun the partof a camera on which copy is fixed to bephotographed

copy datecopy date /�kɒpi det/ noun the datewhen copy for an article or advertisementhas to be delivered to the newspaper ormagazine publishercopyeditcopyedit /�kɒpi |�edt/ verb to do prepara-tion work to a piece of copy before it ispublishedcopy editingcopy editing /�kɒpi �edtŋ/ noun prep-aration work by an editor in a publishingcompany, such as correcting errors,changing the text to fit house style andmarking up the typesetting style, to make amanuscript ready for typesettingcopy editorcopy editor /�kɒpi �edtə/ noun a personwhose job is to check material ready forprinting for accuracy and consistency oftypeface, punctuation and layoutcopy fittingcopy fitting /�kɒpi �ftŋ/ noun theprocess of deciding on the size of typewhich will be needed to fit a text into aparticular fixed spacecopy-fitting tablecopy-fitting table /�kɒpi �ftŋ�teb(ə)l/ noun a table showing the spacetaken by characters in a particular typefaceand point size, used for casting offcopy holdercopy holder /�kɒpi �həυldə/ noun 1. aperson who reads out the original textwhile a proofreader corrects the proofs 2. astand next to a computer, on which thekeyboarder puts the copy to be keyboardedcopy incopy in /�kɒpi �n/ verb to send a copy tosomebody, especially a copy of a letter orother documentcopyingcopying /�kɒpiŋ/ noun the act ofmaking copies � Limited copying from abook is allowed for private referencepurposes. � The company discovered casesof unauthorised copying of copyrightmaterial.copy preparationcopy preparation /�kɒpi�prepəreʃ(ə)n/ noun the process ofmarking up copy for the printercopy protectcopy protect /�kɒpi prə|�tekt/ noun aswitch used to prevent copies of a diskbeing madecopy protectioncopy protection /�kɒpi prə |�tekʃən/noun a means of preventing unauthorisedduplication of computer softwarecopy readercopy reader /�kɒpi �ri�də/ noun aperson who checks copy before printingcopyrightcopyright /�kɒpirat/ noun the legalright, which the creator of an original workhas, to only allow copying of the work withpermission and sometimes on payment ofroyalties or a copyright fee � work whichis out of copyright work by a writer who


61 corner marks

has been dead for fifty years � work still incopyright, which is covered by copyrightwork by a living writer, or by a writer whohas not been dead for fifty years � verb toconfirm the copyright of a written work byinserting a copyright notice and publishingthe work � The book was copyrighted inthe UK � adjective covered by the laws ofcopyright � It is illegal to photocopy acopyright work.

COMMENT: Copyright lasts for 50 years afterthe author’s death according to the BerneConvention, and for 25 years according tothe Universal Copyright Convention. In theUSA, copyright is for 50 years after thedeath of an author for books published afterJanuary 1st, 1978. For books publishedbefore that date, the original copyright wasfor 28 years after the death of the author,and this can be extended for a further 28year period up to a maximum of 75 years. In1995, the European Union adopted acopyright term of 70 years after the death ofthe author. The copyright holder has theright to refuse or to grant permission to copycopyright material, though under the Parisagreement of 1971, the original publishers(representing the author or copyrightholder) must, under certain circumstances,grant licences to reprint copyright material.The copyright notice has to include thesymbol ©, the name of the copyright holderand the date of the copyright (which isusually the date of first publication). Thenotice must be printed in the book andusually appears on the reverse of the titlepage. A copyright notice is also printed onother forms of printed material such asposters. A change in 1995 of the term ofcopyright in the European Union hascreated problems for publishers andcopyright holders, in cases where theauthor died more than fifty years but lessthan seventy years ago. In effect, suchauthors have returned to copyright, androyalties, etc., are due to their estates untilthe seventy year term expires. This appliesto well-known authors such as BeatrixPotter and James Joyce, as well as tocomposers, such as Elgar.

Copyright Act

Copyright Act /�kɒpirat �kt/ noun anAct of Parliament making copyright legal,and controlling the copying of copyrightmaterialcopyright deposit

copyright deposit /�kɒpirat d |�pɒzt/noun the deposit of a copy of a publishedwork in a copyright library, usually themain national library, which is part of theformal copyrighting of published materialcopyright fee

copyright fee /�kɒpirat fi�/ nounmoney paid to the holder of a copyright forpermission to use their workcopyright holder

copyright holder /�kɒpirat �həυldə/noun a person or company who holds the

copyright in a published work. Also calledcopyright ownercopyright infringementcopyright infringement /�kɒpirat n |

�frnd�mənt/ noun the act of illegallycopying or using a work that is covered bycopyright law. Also called infringementof copyrightcopyright lawcopyright law /�kɒpirat lɔ�/ noun a lawwhich protects the rights to copyrightcopyright lawyercopyright lawyer /�kɒpirat �lɔ�jə/noun a person who specialises in the lawconcerning copyrightcopyright legislationcopyright legislation /�kɒpirat�led�sleʃ(ə)n/ noun laws concerningcopyrightcopyright licencecopyright licence /�kɒpirat�las(ə)ns/ noun official permission toproduce, copy and sell works that areprotected by copyright lawcopyright noticecopyright notice /�kɒpirat �nəυts/noun a note in a book showing who ownsthe copyright and the date of ownership,printed on the verso of the title pagecopyright ownercopyright owner /�kɒpirat �əυnə/noun same as copyright holdercopy typingcopy typing /�kɒpi �tapŋ/ noun thetyping of documents from handwrittenoriginals, not from dictationcopywritercopywriter /�kɒpiratə/ noun a personwho writes the text for advertisementscopywritingcopywriting /�kɒpi |�ratŋ/ noun thewriting of copy for advertisementsCORACORA /�kɔ�rə/ noun the computer type-setting language used by Linotype. Fullform computer orientated reproducerassemblycordscords /kɔ�dz/ plural noun pieces of hempstring running across the back of a book, towhich the signatures are sewn before thecase is attachedcore stockcore stock /�kɔ� �stɒk/ noun same asbasic stockcornercorner /�kɔ�nə/ verb to gain control of aparticular market � noun 1. a place wheretwo sides join � The carton has to havespecially strong corners. 2. a point wherethe sides of a page or cover of a book meet� In a half bound book, the spine andcorners are covered in a different materialfrom the sides, often leather.corner markscorner marks /�kɔ�nə mɑ�ks/ pluralnoun marks on a piece of artwork or oncolour separations, showing where thecorners of the printed page fall, so as tohelp justification or colour register


corner-rounding machine 62corner-rounding machinecorner-rounding machine /�kɔ�nə�raυndŋ mə|�ʃi�n/ noun a machine thatrounds the corners of a sewn and gatheredbook before it is boundcoronacorona /kə|�rəυnə/ noun an electricaldischarge that is used to charge the tonerwithin a laser printercorona wirecorona wire /kə|�rəυnə �waə/ noun athin wire that charges the powdered tonerparticles in a laser printer as they passacross it � If your printouts are smudged,you may have to clean the corona wire.corporatecorporate /�kɔ�p(ə)rət/ adjective 1.owned by one or more large businesses 2.shared by all the members of an organisa-tioncorporate imagecorporate image /�kɔ�p(ə)rət �md�/noun the way in which a company wouldlike the public to think of themcorporate plancorporate plan /�kɔ�p(ə)rət �pl�n/noun a plan for the future work of a wholecompanycorporate planningcorporate planning /�kɔ�p(ə)rət�pl�nŋ/ noun the task of planning thefuture work of a whole companycorporate profitscorporate profits /�kɔ�p(ə)rət�prɒfts/ plural noun the profits of a corpo-rationcorporationcorporation /�kɔ�pə |�reʃ(ə)n/ noun alarge company or businesscorporation taxcorporation tax /�kɔ�pə |�reʃ(ə)nt�ks/ noun a tax on profits made bycompaniescorrectcorrect /kə |�rekt/ adjective accurate andwithout mistakes � verb to mark mistakesso that they can be put rightcorrectioncorrection /kə|�rekʃ(ə)n/ noun a changewhich makes something correct � He madesome corrections to the text of the preface.� Corrections are charged to the author.

COMMENT: Corrections are usuallyindicated in different coloured inks, to showwho is responsible for the alteration:author’s and publisher’s corrections aremarked in blue; printer’s errors are markedby the publisher in red; printer’s correctionsare marked by the printer in green.

correction markscorrection marks /kə|�rekʃ(ə)nmɑ�ks/, correction signs plural nounsigns used to indicate corrections, used byeditors and typesetterscorrection overlaycorrection overlay /kə|�rekʃ(ə)n�əυvəle/ noun a film on which correctionscan be made to artworkcorrespondencecorrespondence /�kɒr|�spɒndəns/noun letters sent and received

correspondence columncorrespondence column /�kɒr |

�spɒndəns �kɒləm/ noun the letters pageof a newspaper, where letters from readersto the editor are printedcorrespondentcorrespondent /�kɒr|�spɒndənt/ noun1. somebody who writes letters 2. a televi-sion or newspaper reporter on a specialistsubject or in a particular areacorrigendacorrigenda /�kɒr |�"endə/ plural noun alist of corrections printed in a bookcorrigenda slipcorrigenda slip /�kɒri |�"endə �slp/noun a list of corrections of errors in aprinted book, printed on a separate slip ofpaper and inserted in the bound bookcorrigendumcorrigendum /�kɒr|�"endəm/ noun anerror to be corrected (NOTE: The plural iscorrigenda.)corrugatedcorrugated /�kɒrə"etd/ adjectivemade with narrow folds on the surface �The books are packed in corrugated board.

COMMENT: Corrugated paper is formed ofseveral layers of paper which are foldedconcertina-fashion, in very small folds. Iflayers of corrugated paper are sandwichedbetween boards, the result is corrugatedboard.

corruptcorrupt /kə |�r�pt/ adjective 1. actingdishonestly or illegally 2. containing errors� corrupt computer datacostcost /kɒst/ noun the amount of moneyneeded to buy, do or make something � tosell at cost to sell at a price which is thesame as the cost of manufacture or thewholesale cost � verb 1. to have a price �How much does the machine cost? � Thisbook costs £20 in hardback. 2. � to cost aproduct to calculate how much moneywill be needed to make a product, and sowork out its selling pricecost, insurance and freightcost, insurance and freight noun anestimate of a price, which includes the costof the goods, the insurance and the trans-port charges. Abbr c.i.f.cost accountingcost accounting /�kɒst ə|�kaυntŋ/noun preparation of special accounts ofmanufacturing and sales costscost analysiscost analysis /�kɒst ə|�n�ləss/ nounexamination in advance of the costs of anew productcost centrecost centre /�kɒst �sentə/ noun a groupor machine whose costs can be itemisedand to which fixed costs can be allocatedcost-cuttingcost-cutting /�kɒst �k�tŋ/ adjectivereducing costs � We cancelled the order fora new photocopier as a cost-cutting exer-cise.


63 coupon adcost-effectivecost-effective /�kɒst �fektv/ adjectivesaving money in comparison with theamount of time or money spentcost-effectivenesscost-effectiveness /�kɒst |

�fektvnəs/ noun the quality of being cost-effective � Can we calculate the cost-effec-tiveness of air freight compared with ship-ping by sea?costingcosting /�kɒstŋ/ noun a calculation ofthe manufacturing costs, the marketing anddistribution costs, and also the royalty,which allows the publisher to set theselling price of a book � The costings giveus a retail price of $2.95. � We cannot dothe costing until we have details of all themanufacturing costs.cost-of-living indexcost-of-living index /�kɒst əv �lvŋ�ndeks/ noun a way of measuring the costof living, shown as a percentage increaseon the figure for the previous yearcost of salescost of sales /�kɒst əv �selz/ noun allthe costs of a book sold, including manu-facturing costs and the staff costs of theproduction department, together with theroyalty due to the authorcost per click-throughcost per click-through /�kɒst pə �klkθru�/ noun a method of pricing onlineadvertising, based on the principle that theseller gets paid whenever a visitor clicks onan advertisementcost per thousandcost per thousand /kɒst p!��θaυz(ə)nd/, cost per mille noun the costof an advertisement, calculated as the costfor every thousand people reached or thecost of a thousand impressions for awebsite. Abbr CPT, CTMcost pluscost plus /�kɒst �pl�s/ noun a system ofcharging, where the selling price of aproduct is the same as the price paid by theseller, but with a percentage added � Weare charging for the editorial work on acost plus basis. � The agreement gives acost plus 25% selling price.cost pricecost price /�kɒst pras/ noun a sellingprice which is the same as the price that theseller paid for the item, either the manufac-turing price or the wholesale pricecostscosts /kɒsts/ plural noun the expensesinvolved in a court casecost sheetcost sheet /�kɒst ʃi�t/ noun a sheet usedin a printing works or publisher’s officewhich lists all the costs incurred in a pieceof workcottoncotton /�kɒtən/ noun thread and wovenmaterial from fibres from a tropical plant

COMMENT: Cotton rag was formerly animportant source of raw material for

papermaking, and rag paper is strong andwhite, and of very good quality. Becausecotton rag is less easily available and in anycase is not sufficient to meet increasingdemand for good quality paper, most paperis now made from wood pulp.

couchcouch /kaυtʃ/ verb to move newly madewet paper from the wire mesh to a felt matcouchercoucher /�kaυtʃə/ noun an employeewho takes the wet paper from the vatmanand puts it onto the felt matcouching rollcouching roll /�kaυtʃŋ rəυl/ noun aroll which squeezes wet paper as it leavesthe meshcountercounter /�kaυntə/ noun 1. a long flatsurface in a shop for displaying and sellinggoods 2. the space inside the curved part ofa letter (the bowl), as in a ‘b’ or ‘p’ 3. adevice attached to a machine which countsthe number of sheets used, booksproduced. etc.counter-counter- /kaυntə/ prefix againstcounterfoilcounterfoil /�kaυntəfɔl/ noun a slip ofpaper kept after writing a cheque, invoiceor receipt, as a record of the deal which hastaken placecounter packcounter pack /�kaυntə p�k/ noun abox that displays books, designed to beplaced on a bookshop countercountersigncountersign /�kaυntəsan/ verb to signa document that has already been signed bysomebody else � All cheques have to becountersigned by the finance director. �The sales director countersigns all myorders.counter staffcounter staff /�kaυntə stɑ�f/ noun salesstaff who serve behind counterscounting housecounting house /�kaυntŋ haυs/ nouna department in a company which dealswith cashcounting keyboardcounting keyboard /�kaυntŋ�ki�bɔ�d/ noun a keyboard which indicateshow much space is left on a partly-completed linecountrycountry /�k�ntri/ noun land which isseparate and governs itself � The contractcovers distribution in the countries of theCommon Market.country of origincountry of origin /�k�ntri əv �ɒrd�n/noun a country where a product is manu-facturedcouponcoupon /�ku�pɒn/ noun 1. a piece ofpaper used to represent money 2. a piece ofpaper which replaces an order formcoupon adcoupon ad /�ku�pɒn �d/ noun an adver-tisement with a form attached, which is tobe cut out and returned to the advertiser


courier 64

with your name and address for furtherinformationcourier

courier /�kυriə/ noun a person who takesparcels and letters from one place toanother � verb to send a package by couriercourse

course /kɔ�s/ noun 1. a programme ofstudy or training, especially one that leadsto a qualification from an educational insti-tution 2. one of several distinct units thattogether form a programme of studyleading to a qualification such as a degreecourse book

course book /�kɔ�s bυk/ noun a bookthat is used by students and teachers as thebasis of a course of studycourt

court /kɔ�t/ noun the place where a judgelistens to a case and decides which of theparties in the argument is legally right �The two parties reached an out-of-courtsettlement.court case

court case /�kɔ�t kes/ noun a legalaction or trialcourtesy discount

courtesy discount /�k!�təsi�dskaυnt/ noun a special discount givenby a supplier to a purchaser which is not adiscount for resale, such as a special priceat which a publisher sells books to authorscourtesy line

courtesy line /�k!�təsi lan/ noun anote under a photograph showing the nameof the photographer or the organisationwhich provided the photograph for repro-ductioncover

cover /�k�və/ noun 1. the outside of abook, usually made of thicker paper or card� The book has a leather cover. � Wepublish a cheap edition in paper covers. �The price is usually printed on the bottomright hand corner of the inside front cover.2. the outside of a magazine, sometimesmade of specially thick paper or art paper� a magazine with a four-colour cover �verb to put a cover on a book or magazine� The book is covered in dark blue similileather. � The cheap edition will be papercovered.cover copy

cover copy /�k�və �kɒpi/ noun textwhich is to be printed on the covercover costs

cover costs /�k�və �kɒsts/ verb toproduce enough money in sales to pay forthe costs of production � The sales revenuebarely covers the costs of advertising orthe manufacturing costs.cover design

cover design /�k�və d |�zan/ noun aspecial design for a book or magazinecover

cover designercover designer /�k�və d|�zanə/ nouna person who designs the cover of a bookor magazinecovering lettercovering letter /�k�vərŋ �letə/,covering note /�k�vərŋ �nəυt/ noun aletter or note sent with documents to saywhy they are being sentcovering materialcovering material /�k�vərŋ mə |

�təriəl/ noun material used to make thecover for a bookcover papercover paper /�k�və �pepə/, coverstock noun board or thick paper used asthe cover for magazines or pamphletscover pricecover price /�k�və pras/ noun the retailprice of a bookcover storycover story /�k�və �stɔ�ri/ noun afeature article which is illustrated by thepicture on the front covercpicpi/, CPI abbreviation characters per inchcplcpl, CPL abbreviation characters per linecpscps, CPS abbreviation characters persecondCPUCPU abbreviation central processing unitCQLCQL abbreviation common querylanguageCRCR abbreviation carriage returncraft bookcraft book /�krɑ�ft bυk/ noun a bookdealing with work done by hand such asknitting, sewing or making modelscrashcrash /kr�ʃ/ verb 1. to come to a suddenstop as a result of an accident 2. (ofcomputer systems) to stop working � noun1. the sudden failure of a computer system2. US super, heavy gauze used to make thehinges for a bindingcrash finishcrash finish /�kr�ʃ �fnʃ/ noun coarse-grained paper or binding materialcratecrate /kret/ noun a large wooden box �verb to put goods into cratescrawlcrawl /krɔ�l/ verb to run at a low speedcrawlercrawler /�krɔ�lə/ noun a computerprogram that collects online documentsand reference linkscrawlingcrawling /�krɔ�lŋ/ noun the shrinking ofink on paper or plastic, because it has notpenetrated the surfaceCRCCRC abbreviation camera-ready copycreamcream /kri�m/ adjective yellowish-whitein colourcream laid papercream laid paper /�kri�m led �pepə/noun white writing paper with faint linesrunning across itcream wove papercream wove paper /�kri�m wəυv�pepə/ noun white paper that has beenmade on a woven wire mesh


65 crime novelcreasecrease /kri�s/ noun 1. a fold in paper orboard, made intentionally � The cover hasa crease along the spine. � The invoiceshould be torn off at the crease. 2. a wrongfold in flat paper � The publisher notedcreases in the text paper. � The creases inthe cover were caused by damp. � verb 1.to put a fold into paper or board usually byimpressing a line � The cover should becreased at the spine. � scoring 2. to put awrong fold into flat paper � The insidecovers are creased and torn. � Creasing isa common fault in very lightweight papers.createcreate /kri |�et/ verb to make somethingnewcreative printingcreative printing /kri|�etv �prntŋ/noun using home software and equipmentto print decorative materials such as greet-ings cards, photographs, transfers etccreditcredit /�kredt/ noun 1. a system ofpaying for goods some time after you havebought them 2. acknowledgement of some-thing positive � She gave them credit fortheir good work. � verb to acknowledgesomething positivecredit agencycredit agency /�kredt �ed�ənsi/,credit bureau /�kredt �bjυərəυ/ noun acompany that reports on the creditworthi-ness of customers to show whether theyshould be allowed creditcredit balancecredit balance /�kredt �b�ləns/ nouna balance in an account showing that moremoney has been received than is owedcredit cardcredit card /�kredt kɑ�d/ noun a plasticcard issued by banks to their customerswhich allows them to buy goods on creditor to borrow moneycredit card salecredit card sale /�kredt kɑ�d �sel/noun an act of selling something for credit,using a credit cardcredit columncredit column /�kredt �kɒləm/ nounthe right-hand column in accounts showingmoney receivedcredit controlcredit control /�kredt kən|�trəυl/ nounthe process of checking that customers payon time and do not exceed their creditlimitscredit controllercredit controller /�kredt kən|�trəυlə/noun a person in an accounts departmentwho checks that customers pay invoices ontimecredit entrycredit entry /�kredt �entri/ noun anentry on the credit side of an accountcredit facilitycredit facility /�kredt fə |�sləti/ nounan arrangement with a bank or supplier tohave credit so as to buy goods

credit limitcredit limit /�kredt �lmt/ noun theamount of money which is the maximumyou can borrow at one timecredit linecredit line /�kredt lan/ noun a printedacknowledgement of the author or sourceof material that was included in a publica-tioncredit notecredit note /�kredt nəυt/ noun a noteissued by a company stating that faultygoods may be replaced with goods to thesame valuecreditorcreditor /�kredtə/ noun a person who isowed moneycreditors’ meetingcreditors’ meeting /�kredtəz �mi�tŋ/noun a meeting of all people to whom abankrupt company owes money, to decidehow to obtain the money owedcredit ratingcredit rating /�kredt �retŋ/ noun theamount that a credit agency feels acustomer should be allowed to borrowcreditscredits /�kredts/ plural noun notes toacknowledge the contributors to a work,e.g. the owner of a copyright or thedesigner of a bookcredit sidecredit side /�kredt sad/ noun the right-hand side of accounts showing moneyreceivedcreditworthinesscreditworthiness /�kredt|�w!�ðinəs/noun the ability of a customer to pay forgoods bought on credit � Printers willalways want to check on the creditworthi-ness of a new publisher placing work withthem.creditworthycreditworthy /�kredtw!�ði/ adjectiverelating to a person or organisation that hasa good record of paying their billscreepcreep /kri�p/ noun 1. movement of acylinder blanket on the cylinder 2. a situa-tion in which folded pages nested insideother folded pages, as in a booklet, areforced outwards by the bulk of the paper sothat they extend beyond the edges of theouter pagescrêpe papercrêpe paper /�krep �pepə/ nouncrinkly paper, used as packaging materialor as decorationcrime fictioncrime fiction /�kram �fkʃ(ə)n/ noun astyle of fiction about imaginary crimes anddetectivescrime listcrime list /�kram lst/ noun a series ofbooks on crime or crime fiction � Theyhave a successful crime list.crime novelcrime novel /�kram �nɒv(ə)l/ noun anovel concerning a crime, and the solvingof it


critic 66criticcritic /�krtk/ noun a person who writesreviews or gives opinions about books,films, music and artcriticalcritical /�krtk(ə)l/ adjective 1.expressing opinions about somebody orsomething, especially poor ones 2. veryserious or dangerouscriticisecriticise /�krtsaz/, criticize verb tosay that something or somebody is wrong,poor quality or working badly � The MDcriticised the sales manager for notimproving the volume of sales. � Thedesign of the new catalogue has been crit-icised. � The book was criticised for sloppyproofreading.criticismcriticism /�krtsz(ə)m/ noun a seriousjudgment or expression of disapproval ofsomethingcritiquecritique /kr|�ti�k/ noun a critical reviewor discussion of something such as a bookCR/LFCR/LF abbreviation carriage return/linefeedCRMCRM abbreviation customer relationsmanagementcrockingcrocking /�krɒkŋ/ noun flaking of inkafter it has driedCromalinCromalin /�krəυməln/ a trade name fora pre-press proofing system using colourtoners and a photosensitive substrate,which is cheaper than wet proofs if onlyone proof is neededcropcrop /krɒp/ verb 1. to cut off parts of anillustration such as a photograph � Thephoto has been cropped to remove most ofthe foreground. � Cropping the photographmakes it look as if the author was all alonein the room. 2. to cut off too much paperwhen binding � The book has beencropped so much that the outside marginhas almost disappeared.crop markcrop mark /�krɒp mɑ�k/ noun a printedmark that shows the edge of a page orimage and allows it to be cut accuratelycroppingcropping /�krɒpŋ/ noun the removal ofareas of artwork or of a photograph whichare not needed � The photographs can beedited by cropping, sizing, touching up,etc.crosscross /krɒs/ verb to write lines acrosssomethingcrossbarcrossbar /�krɒsbɑ�/ noun a short linecrossing the main stem of a letter, such asthe line across an ‘f’crossbarscrossbars /�krɒsbɑ�z/ plural noun metalcross-pieces which divide a chase intosections

crosscheckcrosscheck /�krɒstʃek/ verb to evaluatethe results of an investigation by checkingit by an alternative method � The sub-editor should crosscheck the page refer-ences against the index. � noun a checkmade by referring to more than one source

‘Duplicate versions get into [the]system… Tracking all invoices,performing cross-checks, and singlingout those most likely to represent doublepayments requires constant humansurveillance.’ [InformationWeek]

cross-directioncross-direction /�krɒs da|�rekʃən/noun the direction across a web or sheet ofpaper, which is at right angles to the graincrossed chequecrossed cheque /�krɒst �tʃek/ noun acheque with two lines across it showingthat it can only be deposited at a bank andnot exchanged for cashcross foldingcross folding /�krɒs �fəυldŋ/ noun thefolding of paper against the graincross hatchingcross hatching /�krɒs �h�tʃŋ/ noun aseries of lines in two directions to giveshading to a line drawingcrossheadcrosshead /�krɒshed/, crossheadingnoun the heading of a paragraph or sectionwhich is centred over a column, used inmagazines to break up long columns oftextcross-indexcross-index /�krɒs �ndeks/ verb 1. togive a particular item one or more addi-tional entries in an index, under differentheadings, as cross-references to it 2. tosupply cross-references in something �‘Hyde’ is cross-indexed to ‘Jekyll andHyde’.cross-line screencross-line screen /�krɒs lan �skri�n/noun a common screen for making half-tonescross markscross marks /�krɒs mɑ�ks/ plural nounlittle crosses at the corners of sheets oroverlays, which indicate where thedifferent films are to be placed to achievethe correct registercross offcross off /�krɒs �ɒf/ verb to removesomething from a list � You can cross himoff our mailing list.cross outcross out /�krɒs �aυt/ verb to put a linethrough something that has been written �She crossed out £250 and put in £500. �The paragraph had been crossed out by theauthor and reinstated by the editor.cross-refercross-refer /�krɒs r |�f!�/ verb to give anote that tells a reader of a book, index orlibrary catalogue to look in another speci-


67 curved electros

fied part or on another page of the samework. Also called cross-referencecross-referencecross-reference /�krɒs �ref(ə)rəns/noun a footnote in a document which tellsyou that there is other relevant informationin another part of the document � verb tomake a reference to another part of thebook � The various paper sizes are cross-referenced to the appendix.cross-sectioncross-section /�krɒs �sekʃən/ noun arepresentative sample of a group of peopleor thingscross-shakecross-shake /�krɒs ʃek/ noun the actof shaking paper pulp from side to side asit goes into the papermaking machine, thussetting the fibres into a particular directioncrosstalkcrosstalk /�krɒstɑ�k/ noun unwantedsounds or other signals picked up by onechannel of an electronic communicationssystem from another channel, e.g. betweentelephones or loudspeakerscrowncrown /kraυn/ noun a size of book basedon an old paper size of 15 x 20 inches or380 x 508mm, so called because the oldpaper was originally identified by a water-mark of a crownCrown copyrightCrown copyright /�kraυn �kɒpirat/noun the copyright on British governmentpublications, which belongs to theStationery Officecrown octavocrown octavo /�kraυn ɒk|�tɑ�vəυ/ nouna size of book, formerly 7 1/2 x 5 inches,now 186 x 123mmcrown quartocrown quarto /�kraυn �kwɔ�təυ/ nouna size of book, formerly 10 x 7 1/2 inches,now 246 x 186mmCRPUCRPU abbreviation camera-ready paste-upCRTCRT abbreviation cathode ray tubecrusher panelcrusher panel /�kr�ʃə �p�n(ə)l/ nounan area on a book cover blocked ready fortitle lettering to be blocked over itcrushingcrushing /�kr�ʃŋ/ noun the process ofsmashing or pressing a sewn book, so as toremove air from between the pages, beforeit goes for bindingC seriesC series /�si� �səri�z/, C sizes pluralnoun ISO standard sizes of paper for enve-lopes. � A series, B seriesCSSCSS abbreviation cascading stylesheetC/TC/T abbreviation colour transparencyCTMCTM /�si� ti� �em/ noun click through perthousand. � click-through rateCTNCTN /�si� ti� �en/ plural noun small retailshops which carry some books, especiallypopular fiction, guide books and small

reference books. Full form confectioners,tobacconists and newsagentsCTPCTP abbreviation computer to platecubic measurecubic measure /�kju�bk �me�ə/ nounvolume in cubic feet or metres, calculatedby multiplying height, width and lengthcumulative indexcumulative index /�kju�mjυlətv�ndeks/ noun an index that is built up byadditions to all the previously publishedentries at specified timescurecure /kjυə/ verb to dry inks or paper coat-ings after printing to prevent set-offcuriosacuriosa /�kjυəri|�əυsə/ plural noun booksor other texts dealing with unusual topics,especially eroticacurlcurl /k!�l/ verb to roll into a curved shape� The paper has curled at the edges withdamp. � noun a measurement of theamount by which paper curls in dampconditionscurrent cost accountingcurrent cost accounting /�k�rənt�kɒst ə|�kaυntŋ/ noun a method ofaccounting which notes the cost ofreplacing assets at current prices, ratherthan valuing assets at their original costcurrent listcurrent list /�k�rənt lst/ noun a list oftitles which are available at the presenttimecurrentlycurrently /�k�rəntli/ adverb at thepresent time � We are currently preparingthe Spring Catalogue.current pricecurrent price /�k�rənt �pras/ nountoday’s pricecurrent rate of exchangecurrent rate of exchange /�k�rəntret əv ks|�tʃend�/ noun today’s rate ofexchangecurriculum vitaecurriculum vitae /kə|�rkjυləm �vi�ta/noun a brief summary of somebody’spersonal details, education and career.Abbr CVcursivecursive /�k!�sv/ noun a typeface whichis similar to handwriting, in that each letterflows on to the next, though without beingcompletely joinedcursorcursor /�k!�sə/ noun a mark on acomputer screen which can be movedaround and which indicates whereanything that is input will appearcurvecurve /k!�v/ noun 1. a line that bendsaround � The graph shows an upwardcurve. 2. a slang term for digital expressionof a colour separation specification � verbto make something bendcurved electroscurved electros /�k!�vd |�lektrəυz/,curved plates plural noun plates that arecurved to fit on rotary printing presses


cushion 68cushioncushion /�kυʃ(ə)n/ noun a soft pad onwhich a leatherbound book is placed fortoolingcustomcustom /�k�stəm/ noun the use of a shopby regular shopperscustom-boundcustom-bound /�k�stəm baυnd/adjective bound specially for a customercustom-builtcustom-built /�k�stəm blt/ adjectivemade specially for one customer. Alsocalled custom-madecustomercustomer /�k�stəmə/ noun a personwho buys a product or uses a servicecustomer appealcustomer appeal /�k�stəmər ə|�pi�l/noun what attracts customers to a productcustomer filecustomer file /�k�stəmə fal/ noundetails of a customer kept as a record by acompanycustomer profilecustomer profile /�k�stəmə �prəυfal/noun a description of an average customerfor a product or service � The customerprofile shows our average buyer to bemale, aged 25–30, and employed in theservice industries.customer relations managementcustomer relations management/�k�stəmə r |�leʃ(ə)nz �m�nd�mənt/noun an approach to management thatfocuses on building and maintaining long-term relationships with customers throughthe use of, e.g., loyalty cards, special creditcards and Internet contacts. Abbr CRMcustomer service departmentcustomer service department/�k�stəmə �s!�vs d |�pɑ�tmənt/ noun adepartment in a company which deals withcustomers and their complaints and orderscustomisecustomise /�k�stəmaz/, customizeverb to adapt something to a particularperson’s requirementscustom-madecustom-made /�k�stəm �med/ adjec-tive same as custom-builtcustom publishingcustom publishing /�k�stəm�p�blʃŋ/ noun publishing done speciallyfor a customer according to their needs,especially of educational materialsdesigned to suit a specific coursecustomscustoms /�k�stəmz/ noun the govern-ment department which organises thecollection of taxes on imports, or an officeof this department at a port or airport � Thedelivery was delayed at customs.customs brokercustoms broker /�k�stəmz �brəυkə/noun a person or company which takesgoods through customs for a shippingcompanycustoms clearancecustoms clearance /�k�stəmz�klərəns/ noun a document given by

customs to a shipper to show that customsduty has been paid and the goods can beshippedcustoms declaration

customs declaration /�k�stəmzdeklə |�reʃ(ə)n/ noun a statement showinggoods being imported on which duty willhave to be paidcustoms dutycustoms duty /�k�stəmz �dju�ti/ nouna tax paid on goods brought into or takenout of a countrycustoms entry pointcustoms entry point /�k�stəmz�entri pɔnt/ noun a place at a borderbetween two countries where goods aredeclared to customscustoms formalitiescustoms formalities /�k�stəmz fɔ�|

�m�ltiz/ plural noun declaration of goodsby the shipper and examination of them bycustomscustoms officers

customs officers /�k�stəmz �ɒfsəz/,customs officials plural noun peopleworking for customscustoms tariffcustoms tariff /�k�stəmz �t�rf/ nouna list of duties to be paid on importedgoodscutcut /k�t/ noun 1. a sudden lowering of aprice, salary or number of jobs � big pricecuts � cuts in salaries 2. an act of removingpart of a text or photograph � The authorobjected to making any cuts in his text. �We will have to make some drastic cuts ifthe text is to fit into 320 pages. � The libellawyers have asked for cuts to be made tochapter two. 3. US a piece of metal usedfor printing an illustration (NOTE: The UKterm is block.) � verb to delete data on acomputer, often in order to insert it some-where elsecut-and-pastecut-and-paste /�k�t ən �pest/ noun 1.a facility of computers allowing data to bedeleted in one place and inserted in another2. the normal way of doing a paste-up,where the various items are carefully cutout with a scalpel and positioned on a sheetcutbackcutback /�k�tb�k/ noun a reduction �cutbacks in government spendingcut downcut down /�k�t �daυn/, cut down onverb to reduce the amount of somethingused � The office is trying to cut down onelectricity consumption. � We haveinstalled a word processor to cut down onpaperwork.cut edgescut edges /�k�t �ed�z/ plural noun theedges of a book which have been trimmedby a guillotine, i.e. the top, bottom andforedges


69 cylindercut flushcut flush /�k�t �fl�ʃ/ adjective used todescribe a book which has been trimmedso that the cover does not stick out furtherthan the pagescut incut in /�k�t �n/ verb to cut into a surfacecut-in indexcut-in index /�k�t n �ndeks/ nounsame as step indexcut-in notescut-in notes /�k�t n �nəυts/ plural nounprinted notes set as a rectangular block oftext in the outer edge of a paragraph of apage, with the main text shaped aroundthemcutlinecutline /�k�tlan/ noun US the caption toan illustrationcut linescut lines /�k�t lanz/ plural noun marksshowing on a proof, which are left from theedges of film or paper patches on the orig-inal copycut markscut marks /�k�t mɑ�ks/ plural noun USmarks on a sheet of paper, showing whereit has to be guillotinedcutoffcutoff /�k�tɒf/ noun 1. a length of papercut to make a sheet from a web press, equalto the plate cylinder circumference 2.paper that has been cut offcutoff knifecutoff knife /�k�tɒf naf/ noun a knifethat cuts off the sheets on a rotary presscutoff rubbercutoff rubber /�k�tɒf �r�bə/ noun astrip of rubber against which the cutoffknife cuts the sheetscut outcut out /�k�t �aυt/ verb 1. to removesomething from a text by cutting � We havecut out all references to the Queen. 2. toremove the background from an illustra-tion, leaving the main part as a silhouettecutoutcutout /�k�taυt/ noun 1. a piece of paperor card which is cut out from a large piece2. an illustration where the background hasbeen removed, leaving a silhouettecutout bookcutout book /�k�taυt bυk/ noun a chil-dren’s book where the illustrations can becut out to make models or figurescut sheet feedercut sheet feeder /�k�t �ʃi�t �fi�də/noun a mechanism that automaticallyfeeds single sheets of paper into a printercut sizecut size /�k�t saz/ noun a size of paperwhich is used by home and office printers,convenient for use without the need forcutting or folding, such as A4cuttercutter /�k�tə/ noun a machine that cutscuttingcutting /�k�tŋ/ noun a reference to aclient, company or author in a newspaperor magazine, which is cut out of the paperand filed for reference (NOTE: The US termis clipping.)

cutting agencycutting agency /�klpŋ �ed�ənsi/,cutting service /�klpŋ �s!�vs/ noun anoffice which cuts out references to a clientfrom newspapers and sends them to thatperson for a feecutting and creasingcutting and creasing /�k�tŋ ən�kri�sŋ/ noun an operation carried out ona letterpress cylinder machine, using diesto cut and crease paper or card into shapescutting cylindercutting cylinder /�k�tŋ �slndə/ nouna cylinder with knives which cut theprinted section from the webcutting markscutting marks /�k�tŋ mɑ�ks/ pluralnoun marks printed on the sheet showingwhere it has to be cutCVCV abbreviation curriculum vitaecyancyan /�saən/ noun a special blue, one ofthe three process colourscyan-magenta-yellow-keycyan-magenta-yellow-key /�saənmə|�d�entə �jeləυ �ki�/ adjective full formof CMYKcyberlawcyberlaw /�sabəlɔ�/ noun the body oflaws relating to computers, informationsystems and networkscybermarketingcybermarketing /�sabə |�mɑ�ktŋ/noun marketing that uses any kind ofInternet-based promotion, e.g. targetedemails, bulletin boards, websites, or sitesfrom which the customer can downloadfilescyberphobiacyberphobia /�sabə|�fəυbiə/ noun apathological fear of computers and infor-mation technologycybershoppingcybershopping /�sabə|�ʃɒpŋ/ nounthe activity of making purchases using theInternetcyberspacecyberspace /�sabəspes/ noun thenotional environment in which electronicinformation exists or is exchanged � Wemet by writing to each other on the WorldWide Web in cyberspace.cybrarycybrary /�sabrəri/ noun 1. a guide to theinformation available on the World WideWeb on a particular topic 2. an informa-tion-gathering service using the Internetcyclical factorscyclical factors /�sklk(ə)l �f�ktəz/plural noun the ways in which a trade cycleaffects businessescyclohexylamine carbonatecyclohexylamine carbonate/�sakləυheksləmi�n �kɑ�bənet/ noun achemical used to remove the acid frompaper. Abbr CHCcyclopediacyclopedia /�saklə|�pi�diə/ noun PUBLsame as encyclopediacylindercylinder /�slndə/ noun a long, roundobject, which is usually hollow � The


cylinder brake 70

posters are delivered in cardboard cylin-ders.cylinder brake

cylinder brake /�slndə brek/ noun adevice which stops the running of aprinting presscylinder-dried paper

cylinder-dried paper /�slndə drad�pepə/ noun paper which has been driedby running it over hot cylinders

cylinder presscylinder press /�slndə pres/ noun aprinting press where the paper is carried ona fixed cylinder which presses it onto theflat forme containing the inked type. Alsocalled flatbed cylinder pressCyrillic alphabetCyrillic alphabet /sə|�rlk ��lfəbet/noun the Russian alphabet, also used insome other Slavonic languages such asUkrainian and Bulgarian


Ddaggerdagger /�d�"ə/ noun a second referencemark for footnotes. Symbol †dailydaily /�deli/ adjective happening everyday � noun a newspaper published everyweekdaydamagesdamages /�d�md�z/ plural nounmoney that is paid by court order to some-body to compensate for harm done to themor to their reputationdampdamp /d�mp/ adjective slightly wet �noun � the damp wet conditions � Thebooks have been affected by damp.dampendampen /�d�mpən/ verb to make some-thing dampdampening rollerdampening roller /�d�mp(ə)nŋ�rəυlə/, damper /�d�mpə/ noun a rollerwhich keeps the plate wet in lithographicprintingdancing rollerdancing roller /�dɑ�nsŋ �rəυlə/ nounsame as jockey rollerdandy rolldandy roll /�d�ndi rəυl/, dandy rollernoun a roller covered with wire meshwhich presses the wet paper and can makewatermarks on it if the mesh has a patternon itdanglerdangler /�d�ŋ"lə/ noun same as shelfwobblerdarkdark /dɑ�k/ adjective not light � The coveris dark green, with gold lettering.darkendarken /�dɑ�kən/ verb to make some-thing darker or to become darker � Thepicture needs darkening. � The light coverpaper will darken with age.darkroomdarkroom /�dɑ�kru�m/ noun a roomprotected from daylight and using infraredlight only, where films can be developedand printeddashdash /d�ʃ/ noun a punctuation mark (-)that is a short horizontal line used to markoff a section of a sentencedatadata /�detə/ noun information usually inthe form of facts or statistics which can be

analysed � The data is easily available.(NOTE: Data is historically a plural noun butis now usually treated as a singular.)data acquisitiondata acquisition /�detə��kwzʃ(ə)n/ noun the gathering of dataabout a particular subject. Also called datacollectiondata bankdata bank /�detə b�ŋk/ noun a largestore of information, especially kept in oravailable to a computer, sometimesconsisting of several databasesdatabasedatabase /�detəbes/ noun 1. softwarewhich enables the user to organise data foreasy retrieval 2. a collection of data storedin a computer which can be easily andquickly retrieveddatabase publishingdatabase publishing /�detəbes�p�blʃŋ/ noun publishing informationselected from a database, either onlinewhere the user pays for it on a per-pageinspection basis, or as a CD-ROMdatabase rightdatabase right /�detəbes rat/ noun aform of copyright which applies to acollection of data held in a database, whichgives it protection from extraction andreusedatabase settingdatabase setting /�detəbes �setŋ/noun typesetting of the information in adatabase directly from the codes writteninto the databasedata capturedata capture /�detə �k�ptʃə/ noun theact of collecting data and converting it intoa form compatible with computersdata collectiondata collection /�detə kə|�lekʃən/noun same as data acquisitiondata compressiondata compression /�detə kəm |

�preʃ(ə)n/ noun a means of reducing thesize of blocks of data by removing spaces,empty sections and unused materialdata handlingdata handling /�detə �h�ndlŋ/ nounsame as data preparationdata miningdata mining /�detə �manŋ/ noun theprocess of locating previously unknown


data preparation 72

patterns and relationships within datausing a database application, e.g. findingcustomers with common interests in aretail establishment’s databasedata preparationdata preparation /�detə�prepəreʃ(ə)n/ noun the conversion ofdata into a machine-readable format. Alsocalled data handlingdata processingdata processing /�detə �prəυsesŋ/noun the process of selecting and exam-ining data in a computer to produce infor-mation in a special form. Abbr DPdata protectiondata protection /�detə prə|�tekʃən/noun the procedure of making sure thatdata is not copied by an unauthorised userData Protection ActData Protection Act /�detə prə|

�tekʃən ��kt/ noun a piece of legislationpassed in 1984 in the UK which requiresany owner of a database that containspersonal details to registerdata retrievaldata retrieval /�detə r |�tri�v(ə)l/ nounthe process of searching, selecting andreading data from a stored filedatasheetdatasheet /�detəʃi�t/ noun a documentaccessible on the Internet that gives adetailed description of something, espe-cially a productdata storagedata storage /�detə �stɔ�rd�/ noun theability to store data in the memory of acomputerdata warehousedata warehouse /�detə �weəhaυs/noun a database used for analysing overallbusiness strategy rather than routine opera-tionsdatelinedateline /�detlan/ noun a line at thebeginning of a newspaper report, givingthe date and place from where the reportwas fileddate of publicationdate of publication /�det əv �p�bl |

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun same as publication datedate of receiptdate of receipt /�det əv r|�si�t/ nounthe date when something is receiveddate stampdate stamp /�det st�mp/ noun a stampwith rubber figures which can be moved,used for marking the date on documentsdatumdatum /�detəm/ noun a piece of infor-mation (NOTE: Datum is the singular ofdata.)day glowday glow /�de "ləυ/ noun a range offluorescent inksday releaseday release /�de r |�li�s/ noun a systemof training by which employees areallowed a regular day each week to attendcollegeday shiftday shift /�de ʃft/ noun a shift workedduring the daylight hours

d.c.d.c. abbreviation double columnDCSDCS noun a format developed by QuarkInc that is an extension to the standard EPSformat. Full form Desktop Colour Sepa-rations (NOTE: DCS is used in processcolour work and allows CMYK separationsto be saved in a format that can be read byother applications.)DDDD abbreviation double densityDDCDDC abbreviation Dewey decimal classi-ficationDDSDDS abbreviation Dewey decimal systemdeacidifydeacidify /�diə |�sdfa/ verb to removethe acid from paper. � CHC paperdeaddead /ded/ adjective 1. not alive � Theauthor has been dead for sixty years, so hiswork is out of copyright. 2. not working �The telephone line suddenly went dead.dead copydead copy /�ded �kɒpi/ noun a manu-script which has been keyboarded andtypeset, and therefore is no longer neededdead keysdead keys /�ded ki�z/ plural noun keyson a keyboard that cause a function tooccur rather than a character to print, e.g.the shift keydead lettersdead letters /�ded �letəz/ plural nounletters still in the case, but which cannot beused because there is no more type left ofone letterdeadlinedeadline /�dedlan/ noun the stated timeor date by which work must be finisheddead metaldead metal /�ded �met(ə)l/ noun theparts of a metal printing plate which do notprintdead whitedead white /�ded �wat/ noun purewhite, without the addition of blue or redwhich makes it more ‘alive’dealdeal /di�l/ noun a business agreement,affair or contract � to arrange a copub-lishing deal � The sales director set up adeal with a Russian import house. � Thedeal will be signed tomorrow. � They did adeal with an American agent. � verb 1. � todeal with to organise something � Leave itto the filing clerk – he’ll deal with it. � todeal with an order to supply an order 2. totrade or to buy and selldebarkdebark /di� |�bɑ�k/ verb to remove thebark from wooddebarked wooddebarked wood /di� |�bɑ�kt �wυd/ nounwood which has had the bark stripped off,and is ready to be ground into pulp forpapermakingdebitdebit /�debt/ noun money which is owed


73 dedicated word processordebit and creditdebit and credit /�debt ən �kredt/noun money which a company owes andwhich it receivesdebit balancedebit balance /�debt �b�ləns/ noun abalance in an account showing that moremoney is owed than has been receiveddebit columndebit column /�debt �kɒləm/ noun theleft-hand column in accounts showing themoney paid or owed to othersdebit entrydebit entry /�debt �entri/ noun an entryon the debit side of an accountdebit notedebit note /�debt nəυt/ noun a noteshowing that a customer owes moneydebit sidedebit side /�debt sad/ noun the left-hand side of an account showing themoney paid or owed to othersdebossdeboss /di�|�bɒs/ v to press a mould onthe top of something so that the surface isdepressed. Compare embossDebrettDebrett /də |�bret/ noun a publication thatlists members of the British aristocracy,including information on related topicssuch as honours, ranks, titles, forms ofaddress, and etiquettedebtdebt /det/ noun money owed for goods orservices � to service a debt to pay intereston a debtdebt collectiondebt collection /�det kə|�lekʃən/ nounthe collection of money that is oweddebt collection agencydebt collection agency /�det kə|

�lekʃən �ed�ənsi/ noun a company thatcollects debts for a commissiondebt collectordebt collector /�det kə|�lektə/ noun aperson who collects debtsdebtordebtor /�detə/ noun a person or companywhich owes moneydebtor sidedebtor side /�detə sad/ noun the debitside of an accountdebts duedebts due /�dets �dju�/ plural nounmoney owed which is due for repaymentdebugdebug /di� |�b�"/ verb to test a computerprogram to locate and correct any errors �They spent weeks debugging the system.decaldecal /d|�k�l/ noun a small piece ofplastic which sticks to a surface, used oftenas an advertisementdeciding factordeciding factor /d|�sadŋ �f�ktə/noun the most important factor whichinfluences a decisiondecimal pointdecimal point /�desm(ə)l �pɔnt/ nouna dot or comma which separates wholenumbers from decimal fractions, e.g. in2.75

COMMENT: The dot should be raised abovethe line, though it is never printed in this wayby computer printers. Note that the decimal

point is used in English-speaking countries,and that in most other countries the decimalis indicated by a comma.

decimal systemdecimal system /�desm(ə)l �sstəm/noun a system based on the number 10decimal tabbingdecimal tabbing /�desm(ə)l �t�bŋ/noun the process of adjusting a column ofnumbers so that the decimal points arealigned verticallydecipherdecipher /d |�safə/ verb to work outwhat something means, even if it is diffi-cult to read or understanddeckledeckle /�dek(ə)l/ noun 1. the raised edgeof the wire tray in which handmade paperis made, which stops the pulp from runningover the edge of the tray 2. the width of amachine which makes paper, hence thewidth of a piece of paper as it is made

COMMENT: Handmade paper always has adeckle edge, and this has to be cut offbefore printing, so that the lay of the paperis the same from sheet to sheet. An artificialdeckle edge is given to machine-madewriting paper to make it more attractive.

deckle edged paperdeckle edged paper /�dek(ə)l ed�d�pepə/ noun paper with a deckle edgedeckle framedeckle frame /�dek(ə)l frem/ noun awooden frame holding the wire on whichhandmade paper is madedeckle strapdeckle strap /�dek(ə)l str�p/ noun aflat piece of rubber along the edge of thewire mesh in a papermaking machine,which stops the pulp from running over theedgedecollatedecollate /�di�kə|�let/ verb to separatecontinuous stationery into single sheets, orto split two-part or three-part stationeryinto its separate partsdecollatordecollator /�di�kə|�letə/ noun a machineused to separate continuous stationery intosingle sheets or to split two-part or 3three-part stationery into separate partsdecorativedecorative /�dek(ə)rətv/ adjective ofillustrations, photographs or flourishes,intended to brighten and break up the textdedicatededicate /�dedket/ verb 1. to print aspecial note in a book offering it to some-body, usually a relative or friend, as a tokenof affection � He dedicated the book ofpoetry to his wife and daughters. 2. to usefor one purpose onlydedicated linededicated line /�dedketd �lan/ nouna telephone line assigned to a designateduser, usually to provide a permanentconnection to the Internetdedicated word processordedicated word processor/�dedketd �w!�d �prəυsesə/ noun a


dedication 74

small computer which has been configuredto do only word processingdedicationdedication /�ded|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun wordsused to offer a book, work or performanceto honour somebodydeepdeep /di�p/ adjective strong and dark �The book has a deep blue cover with silverlettering.deependeepen /�di�pən/ verb to make some-thing such as a colour deeperdeep-etchdeep-etch /�di�p etʃ/ verb to etch theimage very slightly below the surface of aprinting plate, a process used in offsetlithography to give a more intense printdeep-etched halftonedeep-etched halftone /�di�p etʃt�hɑ�ftəυn/ noun a plate etched deeper thannormal, often leaving white spacesdeep Webdeep Web /�di�p �web/ noun searchabledatabases accessible through the Internet,which must be searched using CQLqueries and not with an ordinary Websearch enginedefamatorydefamatory /d|�f�mət(ə)ri/ adjectiverelating to words that are damaging about aperson or a person’s character � He wrote aseries of defamatory articles about the filmstar in a Sunday paper. � The minister suedthe paper for publishing defamatory arti-cles about his private life.defaultdefault /d|�fɔ�lt/ noun failure to carry outa contract � The company is in default ontheir repayments. � verb to fail to carry outthe terms of a contract, especially to fail topay back a debtdefectdefect /�di�fekt/ noun a fault in amachinedefectivedefective /d|�fektv/ adjective notworking properlydeferdefer /d |�f!�/ verb to put back or postponean action to a later date � to defer payment� The decision has been deferred until thenext meeting.defermentdeferment /d|�f!�mənt/ noun the act ofputting something back to a later date �deferment of payment � deferment of adecisiondefinedefine /d|�fan/ verb to explain themeaning of somethingdefinitiondefinition /�def |�nʃ(ə)n/ noun a state-ment of meaning, especially in a dictionarydefinitivedefinitive /d |�fntv/ adjective relatingto the final or the best and most completework on a subject � a definitive edition ofDickens � This is the definitive biographyof Jane Austen. � They published the defin-itive work on sixteenth-century printing.

degradationdegradation /�de"rə |�deʃ(ə)n/ noun aloss of picture or signal quality � Line artcan be reproduced on scanners or photo-copied without much degradation.degreedegree /d|�"ri�/ noun a qualificationawarded by a university or collegefollowing successful completion of acourse of study or period of research, or asimilar qualification granted as an honourdeinkdeink /di� |�ŋk/ verb to remove the inkfrom printed paper as part of the recyclingprocessdejaggingdejagging /di� |�d��"ŋ/ noun same asanti-aliasingdel.del. abbreviation an instruction by aproofreader to a compositor to delete partof a textdeletedelete /d |�li�t/ verb to remove informa-tion that has been written down or stored ina computer � noun 1. a written sign used inproofreading, to show that a word shouldbe deleted 2. an instruction given to acomputer to remove a section of textdelete characterdelete character /d|�li�t �k�rktə/noun a special code used to indicate data ortext to be removeddelete keydelete key /d |�li�t ki�/ noun a computerkey that moves the cursor to erase charac-ters, or removes highlighted textdeletiondeletion /d|�li�ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the act ofdeleting something, or something which isdeleted � The lawyers demanded the dele-tion of all references to their client. 2. aword or piece of text which has beendeleted � There were six deletions from thelast page of the index. � There were somany deletions that the text is now abouttwo pages shorter.‘Delibros’‘Delibros’ noun a Spanish magazinedealing with books and publishersdeliverdeliver /d |�lvə/ verb 1. to transportgoods to a customer � When does thebinder expect to deliver the bound copies?2. to give a manuscript to a publisher � Theauthor has to deliver the last chapter by theend of the year. � The publisher cannotguarantee publication if the manuscript isnot delivered on time.delivered pricedelivered price /d |�lvəd pras/ noun aprice which includes packing and transportdeliverydelivery /d|�lv(ə)ri/ noun 1. the handingof a manuscript to a publisher � The secondpart of the advance on royalties is payableon delivery of the manuscript. 2. part of aprinting machine where grippers moveprinted sheets from the machine and stack


75 depreciate

them 3. the goods being delivered � Wetake in three deliveries a day. � There werefour pallets of books missing in the lastdelivery. � The warehouse will close forChristmas and will not accept deliveriesafter December 20th. 4. � delivery ofgoods the transport of goods to acustomer’s address � We charge fordelivery outside London. � The deliverydate for bound copies has been put back bythree weeks. � We guarantee deliverywithin 28 days. � Delivery is not includedin the price.delivery instructionsdelivery instructions /d |�lv(ə)ri n|

�str�kʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun details of howgoods are to be shipped and delivered.Also called shipping instructionsdelivery notedelivery note /d|�lv(ə)ri nəυt/ noun alist of goods being delivered, given to thecustomer with the goodsdelivery orderdelivery order /d|�lv(ə)ri �ɔ�də/ nouninstructions given by the customer to theperson holding the goods, to tell them todeliverdelivery tapesdelivery tapes /d |�lv(ə)ri teps/ pluralnoun broad ribbons which hold the printedsheets as they come out of the pressdelivery timedelivery time /d|�lv(ə)ri tam/ nounthe number of days before something willbe delivereddelivery vandelivery van /d |�lv(ə)ri v�n/ noun agoods van for delivering goods to retailcustomersde luxe editionde luxe edition /�d �l�ks |�dʃ(ə)n/noun a special edition of a book, printed onvery good-quality paper and with anexpensive binding, selling for a higherprice than a standard editiondemanddemand /d |�mɑ�nd/ noun the number ofpeople wanting to buy something � Thereis not much demand for this item. � verb toask for something in a forceful waydemographicsdemographics /�demə|�"r�fks/ nounthe details of the population of a country,or any community or group, in particularits size, density, distribution, and the birth,death, and marriage rates, which affectmarketingdemydemy /�demi/ noun a traditional Britishpaper sizedemy octavodemy octavo /�demi ɒk |�tɑ�vəυ/ noun abook format, formerly 8 3/4 x 5 inches,now 216 x 138mmdemy quartodemy quarto /�demi �kwɔ�təυ/ noun abook format, formerly 11 1/4 x 8 3/4inches, now 279 x 219mm

densitometerdensitometer /�dens|�tɒmtə/ noun 1.a device for measuring the absorption oflight, used to calculate the thickness of inkrequired to print on a particular type ofpaper 2. a device for measuring the size ofdots in halftonesdensitydensity /�densti/ noun the level of dark-ness of an image

COMMENT: Scanner software producesvarious shades of grey by using differentdensities or arrangements of black andwhite dots and/or different sized dots.

density dialdensity dial /�densti �daəl/ noun aknob that controls the density of a printedimage � When fading occurs, turn thedensity dial on the printer to full black.densometerdensometer /den |�sɒmtə/ noun adevice used for testing paper porosity bymeasuring the time taken for a particularvolume of air to pass through a sample areaof paperdentelledentelle /den|�tel/ noun gold decorationused on book covers, like a series of littleteethdepartmentdepartment /d |�pɑ�tmənt/ noun 1. aspecialised section of a large company 2. asection in a large store selling one type ofproduct 3. a section of the British govern-ment containing several ministries � theDepartment of Trade and Industrydepositdeposit /d|�pɒzt/ noun 1. an amount ofmoney paid in part payment 2. an amountof money that a person gives when theyborrow something and which is returned tothem when the item is returned undamaged3. documents placed in a record office forsafe keeping 4. a legal requirement for onecopy of any published book to be sent to anational deposit library � verb 1. to putmoney into a bank account � to deposit£100 in a current account 2. to give a copyof a book to a deposit library as part of theprocess of publishing the bookdeposit librarydeposit library /d|�pɒzt �labrəri/noun a national library to which apublisher has by law to give a copy of eachbook published

COMMENT: In the British Isles, the depositlibraries are the British Library, the BodleianLibrary at Oxford, Cambridge UniversityLibrary, the National Library of Scotlandand the Library of Trinity College Dublin; theWelsh National Library may also receivecopies.

depreciatedepreciate /d |�pri�ʃiet/ verb 1. toreduce the value of assets in accounts � Wedepreciate our company cars over threeyears. 2. to lose value � The pound hasdepreciated by 5% against the dollar.


depreciation 76depreciationdepreciation /d|�pri�ʃi |�eʃ(ə)n/ noun areduction in value of an asset

COMMENT: Publishers often write down thevalue of their stocks on the assumption thata book which is several years old is notlikely to sell well, and unsold stock istherefore less valuable. Depreciation hasthe effect of reducing profits in the year inwhich it is carried out, and increasing profitsin subsequent years as the depreciatedstock continues to sell. Depreciation doesmean that stock can be remainderedwithout loss.

depreciation ratedepreciation rate /d |�pri�ʃi|�eʃ(ə)nret/ noun the rate at which an asset isdepreciated each year in the accountsdepth gaugedepth gauge /�depθ "ed�/, depthscale noun a ruler used to measure thespace between lines of typedepth of fielddepth of field /�depθ əv �fi�ld/ noun theamount of a scene that will be in focuswhen photographed with a particular aper-ture settingdepth of focusdepth of focus /�depθ əv �fəυkəs/noun the position of film behind a cameralens that will result in a sharp imagedepth of pagedepth of page /�depθ əv �ped�/ noun ameasurement of the type area from theheadline to the folio at the bottom of thepagedescenderdescender /d|�sendə/ noun the part of aletter which falls below the base line, as in‘j’, ‘y’, ‘p’, ‘g’ and ‘q’descender linedescender line /d|�sendə lan/ noun aline which marks the lowest level of thedescenders in a particular facedescending letterdescending letter /d|�sendŋ �letə/noun a letter that has a descender, such as‘g’, ‘p’ or ‘y’desensitisedesensitise /di� |�sensətaz/, desensi-tize verb to wash an offset litho plate withchemicals to make sure the ink will notstick to the non-printing areasdesigndesign /d|�zan/ verb to plan what some-thing new will be like � noun 1. the plan-ning or drawing of a product before it ismanufactured 2. a drawing which showshow a book or page or cover will lookwhen finished � The designs for the coverwere turned down by the author. � Theartist brought a portfolio of page designsto show the art director.designation markdesignation mark /�dez"|�neʃ(ə)n�mɑ�k/ noun a signature mark, letter ornumber, printed in very small type on thefold of the signature, so that the sequenceof sections can be easily checked

design brief

design brief /d |�zan bri�f/ nouninstructions to a designer explaining whatthey should be designing for a particularproject and any factors they should bear inminddesign department

design department /d|�zan d |

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a department in a largecompany which designs the company’sproducts or its advertisingdesigner

designer /d |�zanə/ noun a person whodesigns somethingdesign studio

design studio /d|�zan �stju�diəυ/noun an independent firm which special-ises in creating designs for companiesdesk

desk /desk/ noun a writing table in anoffice or studydesk copydesk copy /�desk �kɒpi/ noun a freecopy of a book sent to somebody who mayread it to buy rights in it, or to order it inquantity for class usedesk editor

desk editor /�desk �edtə/ noun aneditor who works at a desk, preparing copyfor the printer, checking proofs andcollating correctionsdesk pad

desk pad /�desk p�d/ noun a pad ofpaper kept on a desk for writing notesdesktopdesktop /�desktɒp/ noun a display on acomputer screen comprising backgroundand icons representing equipment,programs and files � adjective relating tosomething that sits on top of a desk or thatcan be done on a deskDesktop Colour Separations

Desktop Colour Separations pluralnoun full form of DCSdesktop computer

desktop computer /�desktɒp kəm |

�pju�tə/ noun a computer, usually with akeyboard and monitor, which is smallenough to be used on a deskdesktop media

desktop media /�desktɒp �mi�diə/noun a combination of presentationgraphics, desktop publishing and multi-media (NOTE: The phrase was originallyused by Apple.)desktop publishing

desktop publishing /�desktɒp�p�blʃŋ/ noun the design and layout oftext and graphics using a small computerwith a specific software applicationpackage and a printer. Abbr DTPdestock

destock /di�|�stɒk/ verb to reduce theamount of stock in a shop or warehouse �Bookstores have been destocking after theChristmas buying season and arereturning thousands of copies of unsoldpaperbacks.


77 didotdetaildetail /�di�tel/ noun a small condition orfact � verb to list or give full informationabout thingsdetailed accountdetailed account /�di�teld ə |�kaυnt/noun an account which lists every itemdetailed drawingdetailed drawing /�di�teld �drɔ�ŋ/noun a drawing showing a lot of smalldetailsdetail paperdetail paper /�di�tel �pepə/ noun thintransparent paper used for layouts andtracingdetective fictiondetective fiction /d |�tektv �fkʃən/noun crime fiction, with a detective as themain characterDeutsche IndustrienormDeutsche Industrienorm /�dɔtʃə�ndυstri�|�nɔ�m/ noun the German indus-trial standards organisation. Abbr DINdevelopdevelop /d |�veləp/ verb 1. to plan andproduce something � to develop a newpapermaking technique 2. to apply a chem-ical process to exposed photographic filmand paper to produce an imagedeveloperdeveloper /d|�veləpə/ noun a chemicalsolution used to develop exposed filmdevicedevice /d|�vas/ noun an ornamentaldesign used by a publisher or printer as partof their logodiacritical marksdiacritical marks /�daə|�krtk(ə)l�mɑ�ks/, diacritics, diacriticals pluralnoun marks made above normal letters toshow a change of pronunciation or stress

COMMENT: The commonest diacritics arethe accents in European languages and thedots indicating vowels in Arabic.

diaeresisdiaeresis /�daə |�ri�ss/ noun a printedsign, formed of two dots printed above avowel (ë)

COMMENT: In English the diaeresis is nowuncommon, but was used in words such as‘naïve’ and ‘coördinate’ to show that the twovowels were pronounced separately andnot as a diphthong; it is still used in manyEuropean languages and indicates achange in pronunciation of a vowel. InGerman it is called the umlaut.

diagnosticsdiagnostics /�daə"|�nɒstks/ pluralnoun tests that help a user find faults inhardware or softwarediagramdiagram /�daə"r�m/ noun a chart orgraph that illustrates something such as astatistical trend � verb to make a diagramthat represents or illustrates somethingdiagrammaticallydiagrammatically /�daə"rə|�m�tkli/adverb using a diagram � The chart showsthe population growth diagrammatically.dialdial /�daəl/ noun a round display device,like the face of a clock, on which informa-

tion is shown automatically by the move-ment of a hand or pointerdial micrometerdial micrometer /�daəl ma |�krɒmtə/noun a machine for measuring paper thick-ness, where the reading is shown on a dialdialoguedialogue /�daəlɒ"/ noun 1. a writtenconversation in a book or play 2. theexchange of ideas or opinions, especiallybetween those with different viewpointsdial-updial-up /�daəl �p/ adjective requiring acomputer modem and telephone line toestablish communication with anothercomputer or a networkdiamonddiamond /�daəmənd/ noun an old sizeof type, equivalent to 4 1/2 ptdiapositivediapositive /�daə|�pɒztv/ noun a posi-tive transparencydiarydiary /�daəri/ noun 1. a detailed dailyrecord of the events in a person’s lifewritten in a book 2. a small book with datesand blank spaces used to record appoint-mentsdiary formatdiary format /�daəri �fɔ�m�t/ noun apaper format similar to that used fordiaries, roughly 140 x 85mmdiazo paperdiazo paper /da|��zəυ �pepə/ nountreated paper used in the dyeline copyingprocess. Also called dyeline paperdictatedictate /dk|�tet/ verb to speak words forsomebody to write down or for a machineto recorddictionarydictionary /�dkʃən(ə)ri/ noun a book orcompact disc containing the words of alanguage arranged alphabetically withtheir meanings

COMMENT: The term ‘dictionary’ reallyapplies to a book where the words aredefined, but not necessarily explained; an‘encyclopedia’ is a book where the wordsare explained, but not always defined. A‘Dictionary of Gardening’ is probably in factan encyclopedia, since it may give details ofhow to grow plants, rather than definingwhat each plant or process is. This presentdictionary has many encyclopedic sections,such as this one.

dictionary articledictionary article /�dkʃən(ə)ri�ɑ�tk(ə)l/ noun a small section of adictionary, dealing with a single worddidotdidot /�dadəυ/ noun 1. a modern type-face with thick black vertical lines andhairline serifs, designed by Firmin Didot inthe 17th century 2. a system of type sizesused in Europe, but not in the UK or theUSA, introduced by F.-A. Didot. Comparecicero

COMMENT: The basic didot measurement isa point of 0.376mm, while the British andAmerican point is 0.351mm. The cicero is


die 78

the European equivalent to the British pica,but slightly larger (about 12.5 British pointsor 4.511mm).

diedie /da/ noun 1. a matrix used for makinga hot metal character 2. any metal stamp,used for cutting or stampingdie casedie case /�da kes/ noun a case whichholds the matrices for Monotype hot metaldie castingdie castingdie casting /�da �kɑ�stŋ/ noun thecasting of metal type using hot metal andmatricesdie cuttingdie cutting /�da �k�tŋ/ noun the use ofsharp metal knives to cut out paper or card-board in different shapes, usually on aletterpress cylinder machinedieresisdieresis /�daə |�ri�ss/ noun anotherspelling of diaeresisdie stampingdie stamping /�da �st�mpŋ/ noun thestamping of relief decorations or text onpaper or card, as e.g. an address onstationerydifferential spacingdifferential spacing /�dfərenʃəl�spesŋ/ noun spacing where each char-acter takes a space equivalent to its width,‘m’ taking more space than ‘i’digestdigest /�dad�est/ noun a book whichsummarises a series of reports, especiallyone that collects summaries of court deci-sions and is used as a reference tool bylawyersdigesterdigester /da|�d�estə/ noun a devicewhich mixes ground wood, water andchemicals together and begins the processof papermakingdigest-sizedigest-size /�dad�est saz/ adjectiverelating to a book which measures 7 x 5inches, the same format as the ‘Reader’sDigest’digipaddigipad /�dd�ip�d/ noun same as digi-tising paddigitdigit /�dd�t/ noun any of the numbersfrom 0 to 9digitaldigital /�dd�t(ə)l/ adjective repre-senting physical quantities in numericalformdigital dividedigital divide /�dd�t(ə)l d |�vad/ nounthe difference in opportunities available topeople who have access to modern infor-mation technology and those who do notdigital fontdigital font /�dd�t(ə)l �fɒnt/ noun afont that has been digitised so that it can bestored in a computerdigital image processingdigital image processing/�dd�t(ə)l �md� �prəυsesŋ/, digitalimage acquisition, digital imaging

/�dd�t(ə)l �md�ŋ/ noun a wide rangeof techniques used to generate, process andreproduce images using computersdigital object identifierdigital object identifier /�dd�t(ə)l�ɒbjekt a |�dentfaə/ noun an identifyingsymbol for a web file that redirects users toany new Internet location for that file. AbbrDOIdigital plotterdigital plotter /�dd�t(ə)l �plɒtə/ nouna plotter that receives the coordinates indigital form which it plotsdigital printingdigital printing /�dd�t(ə)l �prntŋ/noun a method of printing in which the textor images are transferred directly to thepaper without the use of film or plates.Also called direct digital printingdigital proofsdigital proofs /�dd�t(ə)l �pru�fs/plural noun proofs taken from digital filesprior to film output at high or low resolu-tiondigital repositorydigital repository /�dd�t(ə)l r|

�pɒzt(ə)ri/ noun a single system forstoring and distributing all types of elec-tronic materialsdigital rights managementdigital rights management/�dd�t(ə)l �rats �m�nd�mənt/ nounthe use of technologies to protect againstthe misuse of copyrighted digital materials.Abbr DRMdigital scanningdigital scanning /�dd�t(ə)l �sk�nŋ/noun the reading of an image such as aprinted character by a computer, done bybuilding it up as a series of dots in thecomputer memorydigital video discdigital video disc /�dd�t(ə)l �vdiəυ�dsk/ noun full form of DVDdigitisationdigitisation /�dd�ta |�zeʃ(ə)n/, digiti-zation noun the action of convertingshapes or signals into digital formdigitisedigitise /�dd�taz/, digitize verb tochange analogue signals such as picturesor sound into numerical data which can beprocessed by a computerdigitised letterformsdigitised letterforms /�dd�tazd�letəfɔ�mz/ plural noun the shapes of char-acters which have been scanned and thenstored as a series of dots in the computermemorydigitised photographdigitised photograph /�dd�tazd�fəυtə"rɑ�f/ noun an image or photographthat has been scanned to produce ananalogue signal which is then converted todigital form and stored in a computer ordisplayed on a screendigitiserdigitiser /�dd�tazə/ noun a vectorgraphic input device which can be used to


79 direct processing

scan an existing image, capturing x, y co-ordinates at desired intervalsdigitising paddigitising pad /�dd�tazŋ p�d/ nouna sensitive surface that translates the posi-tion of a pen into numerical form, so thatdrawings can be entered into a computer.Also called digipaddigizinedigizine /�dd�i�n/ noun a magazine thatis delivered in digital form either on theInternet or on a CD-ROMdi lithodi litho abbreviation direct lithographydime noveldime novel /�dam �nɒv(ə)l/ noun acheap paperback noveldimensiondimension /da |�menʃən/ noun a meas-urement of somethingdimensionaldimensional /d |�menʃənəl/ adjectiverelating to dimensionsdimensional stabilitydimensional stability /da|

�menʃ(ə)nəl stə |�blti/ noun a measure-ment of the ability of paper not to changeits dimensions when subjected to heat,water, etc.dimension marksdimension marks /da |�menʃənmɑ�ks/ plural noun marks on CRCshowing a section that has to be enlarged orreducedDINDIN abbreviation Deutsche Industrienormdingbatsdingbats /�dŋb�ts/ plural noun USornaments and other symbols (NOTE: TheUK term is printer’s flowers.)dinky sheetdinky sheet /�dŋki ʃi�t/ noun a narrowweb of paperdiphthongdiphthong /�dfθɒŋ/ noun two vowelswhich are pronounced together as onesound, sometimes printed together with aligature, as in ‘encyclopædia’directdirect /da|�rekt/ verb to manage ororganise something � He directs ourSoutheast Asian operations. � She wasdirecting the development unit until lastyear. � adjective straight or with no inter-ferencedirect accessdirect access /da |�rekt ��kses/ nounthe ability to use information without theneed for an intermediary persondirect connectiondirect connection /da|�rekt kə |

�nekʃən/ noun a fast permanent connec-tion linking a computer or system to anetwork such as the Internet. It can be usedat any time and is much faster than a dial-up connection.direct costdirect cost /da |�rekt �kɒst/ noun theproduction or origination cost of a partic-ular product

direct digital printingdirect digital printing /da |�rekt�dd�t(ə)l �prntŋ/ noun same as digitalprintingdirect-entry phototypesettingdirect-entry phototypesetting /da|

�rekt �entri �fəυtəυ|�tapsetŋ/ nounphototypesetting where the text is keyeddirectly onto a keyboard which allows it tobe output as typesettingdirect impressiondirect impression /da |�rekt m|

�preʃ(ə)n/ noun a typesetting processwhere the image is created by somethingwhich hits the paper directlydirect inputdirect input /da|�rekt �npυt/ noun soft-ware which allows the keyboarder to inputtext directly into the computer typesetterdirection of traveldirection of travel /da|�rekʃən əv�tr�v(ə)l/ noun the direction in which theweb of paper moves, either on a paper-making machine or through a printingpressdirections for usedirections for use /da|�rekʃənz fə�ju�s/ plural noun instructions showinghow to use somethingdirect lithographydirect lithography /da |�rekt l|

�θɒ"rəfi/ noun a lithographic processwhere the image is printed directly fromthe plate onto the paper. Abbr di lithodirect maildirect mail /da |�rekt �mel/ noun asystem of selling goods by sendingpublicity material about them through thepostdirect-mail advertisingdirect-mail advertising /da |�rekt�mel ��dvətazŋ/ noun advertising bysending leaflets to people through the postdirect marketingdirect marketing /da |�rekt �mɑ�ktŋ/noun methods of marketing that bypassretailers, such as mail order, direct-mailadvertising, telephone sales, Internet shop-ping etc.directordirector /da|�rektə/ noun the top personin the management of a group, company ororganisationdirectorydirectory /da|�rekt(ə)ri/ noun a book ordatabase which lists the names and detailsof people or companies in a specificgeographical or subject areadirect positivedirect positive /da|�rekt �pɒzətv/noun film produced by direct screeningdirect printingdirect printing /da |�rekt �prntŋ/noun the process of printing directly froma plate onto the paperdirect processingdirect processing /da |�rekt�prəυsesŋ/ noun a method of photocop-ying which requires specially treated paperthat captures the image from the original asit is exposed to light


direct screening 80direct screeningdirect screening /da |�rekt �skri�nŋ/noun a method of originating colour sepa-rations, where the original is reproduced asscreened separations using a halftonescreendirect selling

direct selling /da |�rekt �selŋ/ noun theprocess of selling a product direct to thecustomer without going through a shopdirty copydirty copy /�d!�ti �kɒpi/ noun a manu-script or typescript which has a largenumber of additions and changes, and isdifficult to readdirty proofdirty proof /�d!�ti �pru�f/ noun a proofwith many keyboarding errors or whichhas been heavily correcteddisclaimer

disclaimer /ds |�klemə/ noun a legalrefusal to accept responsibility

COMMENT: Publishers or authors may printdisclaimers in their publications: ‘the viewsexpressed in the article are those of theauthor and do not represent the policy ofthe newspaper’; ‘the characters in this novelare fictitious, and are not based on anyoneliving or dead’. Whether such disclaimershave any legal validity is open to question.

discountdiscount noun /�dskaυnt/ a reductionin the price of something � 10% discountfor quantity purchases you pay 10% lessif you buy a large quantity � 10% discountfor cash, 10% cash discount you pay 10%less if you pay in cash � verb /ds|�kaυnt/to reduce prices to increase sales

COMMENT: Discounts vary considerablyfrom country to country. In the UK, the basicdiscounts given by publishers tobooksellers would be about 40%. Higherdiscounts will be given to wholesalers orlarge chains of bookshops, and also onmass-market paperbacks. Lower discountswill apply to single copy orders (or asurcharge may be added), and especially toacademic books. Educational books have abasic discount of 17.5%, because thebookseller is simply passing on orders forschool purchases and is not buying thebooks speculatively for retail sale.Educational books are usually non-net, sothat the bookseller can mark up the price ifhe or she wishes to hold them in stock andsell them from the shelf to the public.

discounter

discounter /�dskaυntə/ noun a personor company which sells goods at a discountdiscretion

discretion /d|�skreʃ(ə)n/ noun theability to deal with confidential situationsor information without causing embarrass-ment � I leave the matter to your discre-tion.discretionary hyphen

discretionary hyphen /d|

�skreʃ(ə)n(ə)ri �haf(ə)n/ noun a hypheninserted by the keyboarder, which is

different from the spelling used in thecomputer’s H & J programdiscriminationdiscrimination /d|�skrm |�neʃ(ə)n/noun treatment of people in different waysbecause of class, religion, race, language,colour or sexdisinformationdisinformation /�dsnfə|�meʃ(ə)n/noun false or deliberately misleadinginformation, often put out as propagandadiskdisk /dsk/ noun a flat, round plasticdevice coated with magnetised materialwhich can be used to store informationreadable by a computer. Also called discdisk inkingdisk inking /�dsk �ŋkŋ/ noun amethod of inking printing rollers, wherethe ink is spread from a turning plateDisk Operating SystemDisk Operating System /�dsk�ɒpəretŋ �sstəm/ noun the section ofthe operating system in a computer thatcontrols the disk and file management.Abbr DOSdisk rulingdisk ruling /�dsk �ru�lŋ/ noun amethod of producing ruled paper, usingdisks to produce the rulesdispatchdispatch /d |�sp�tʃ/ noun 1. the sendingof goods to a customer � The fuel short-ages held up dispatch for several weeks. 2.goods which have been sent � The weeklydispatch went off yesterday. � verb to sendgoods to customersdispatch departmentdispatch department /d |�sp�tʃ d |

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a department in acompany which deals with the packing andsending of goods to customersdispatcherdispatcher /d|�sp�tʃə/ noun a personwho sends goods to customersdispatch notedispatch note /d |�sp�tʃ nəυt/ noun anote saying that goods have been sentdisplaydisplay /d |�sple/ noun an exhibition forpublic viewing � verb to set up or arrangefor something to be vieweddisplay advertisementdisplay advertisement /d |�sple əd|

�v!�tsmənt/ noun an advertisementwhich is well designed to attract attentiondisplay attributedisplay attribute /d |�sple ��trbju�t/noun a variable which defines the shape,size or colour of text or graphics displayedin a DTP programdisplay boarddisplay board /d |�sple bɔ�d/ nouncoated coloured board, used as backing forexhibitions or displaysdisplay cabinetdisplay cabinet /d |�sple �k�bnət/noun a piece of furniture with a glass top orglass doors for showing goods for sale,used particularly in antiquarian bookshops


81 distribution channeldisplay casedisplay case /d |�sple kes/ noun aglass box which protects items but allowsthem to be seendisplay characterdisplay character /d |�sple �k�rktə/noun a graphical symbol which appears asa printed or displayed item, e.g. one of theletters of the alphabet or a numberdisplay controllerdisplay controller /d |�sple kən|

�trəυlə/ noun a device that accepts char-acter or graphics codes and instructions,and converts them into dot-matrix patternsthat are displayed on a screendisplayed textdisplayed text /d|�spled �tekst/ nountext that is laid out by indenting or beingplaced in a box, so as to make it differentfrom the rest of the textdisplay facedisplay face /d |�sple fes/ noun a largetypeface used for posters, headings inbookwork, etc. Also called display typedisplay formatdisplay format /d |�sple �fɔ�m�t/ nounthe number of characters that can bedisplayed on a screen, given as lengths ofrows and columnsdisplay highlightsdisplay highlights /d |�sple �halats/plural noun the emphasis of particularwords or paragraphs by changing thecolour of the displaydisplay linedisplay line /d |�sple lan/ noun thehorizontal printing position for the charac-ters in a line of textdisplay materialdisplay material /d|�sple mə |�təriəl/noun items that can be used for an exhibi-tiondisplay matterdisplay matter /d|�sple �m�tə/ nountypeset material in a display face such as aposterdisplay modedisplay mode /d |�sple məυd/ noun away of referring to the character set to beused, usually graphics or alphanumericsdisplay packdisplay pack /d |�sple p�k/ noun anattractive box for showing goods for saledisplay paneldisplay panel /d |�sple �p�n(ə)l/ nouna flat area for displaying goods in a shopwindowdisplay paperdisplay paper /d|�sple �pepə/ nounthick paper used to print postersDisplay PostScriptDisplay PostScript /d|�sple�pəυstskrpt/ a trade name for an exten-sion of PostScript that allows PostScriptcommands to be interpreted and displayedon screen so that a user can see exactlywhat will appear on the printerdisplay registerdisplay register /d|�sple �red�stə/noun a register that contains character orcontrol or graphical data that is to bedisplayed

display resolutiondisplay resolution /d|�sple�rezəlu�ʃ(ə)n/ noun the number of pixelsper unit area that a display can showclearlydisplay screendisplay screen /d|�sple skri�n/ nounthe physical part of a visual display unit ormonitor, which allows the user to see char-acters or graphicsdisplay sizedisplay size /d|�sple saz/ noun a char-acter size greater than 14 points, used inheadlines rather than normal textdisplay spacedisplay space /d |�sple spes/ noun theavailable memory or amount of screen forshowing graphics or textdisplay standdisplay stand /d|�sple st�nd/ noun aportable board which can be set on legs andused to display informationdisplay typedisplay type /d|�sple tap/ noun sameas display facedisplay unitdisplay unit /d |�sple �ju�nt/ noun 1. aspecial stand for showing goods for sale 2.a computer terminal or piece of equipmentthat is capable of showing data or informa-tion, usually by means of a CRTdisplay workdisplay work /d |�sple w!�k/ noun theprinting of posters, headings, etc.dissectdissect /da|�sekt/ verb to remove thetype which is to be printed in anothercolour, such as highlighted words in a chil-dren’s dictionarydisseminatedisseminate /d|�semnet/ verb tospread news and information widelydisseminationdissemination /d |�sem|�neʃ(ə)n/noun the act of distributing something suchas information throughout an areadistributedistribute /d |�strbju�t/ verb 1. to sendout goods from a manufacturer’s ware-house to retail shops � Smith Ltd distrib-utes for several smaller companies. � Ourbooks are represented and distributed by J.Smith & Co. 2. to break up standing metaltype and put each piece back into its case �The book was abandoned and the type wasdistributed. 3. in Monotype and Linotypemachines, to melt down cast slugs afterthey have been used 4. to spread ink evenlyover the surface of a plate, using a distrib-uting rollerdistributiondistribution /�dstr|�bju�ʃ(ə)n/ nounthe delivery of goods or information topeople or organisationsdistribution channeldistribution channel /�dstr |

�bju�ʃ(ə)n �tʃ�n(ə)l/ noun the method bywhich things are sent to other people, e.g.e-mail, post or retail shops


distribution costs 82distribution costsdistribution costs /�dstr |�bju�ʃ(ə)n�kɒsts/ plural noun the costs involved indistributing books from the warehouse tothe customer, including picking, packingand transportdistribution networkdistribution network /�dstr |

�bju�ʃ(ə)n �netw!�k/ noun a series ofpoints or warehouses from which goodsare sent all over a country. Also callednetwork of distributorsdistribution rollersdistribution rollers /�dstr |�bju�ʃ(ə)n�rəυləz/ plural noun rollers whichdistribute ink to the inking rollersdistribution slipdistribution slip /�dstr |�bju�ʃ(ə)nslp/ noun paper attached to a document ora magazine showing all the people in anoffice who should read itdistributordistributor /d|�strbjυtə/ noun acompany that sells goods for anothercompany which makes themdistributorshipdistributorship /d|�strbjυtəʃp/ nounthe position of being a distributor for acompanyditherdither /�dðə/ verb 1. to create a curve orline that looks smoother by adding shadedpixels beside the pixels that make up theimage 2. to create the appearance of a newcolour by a pattern of coloured pixels thatappear, to the eye, to combine and form anew, composite colourdithered colourdithered colour /�dðəd �k�lə/ nouncolour that is made up of a pattern ofdifferent coloured pixelsdittogramdittogram /�dtəυ"r�m/ noun a printingerror caused by repeating the same lettertwiceditto marksditto marks /�dtəυ mɑ�ks/ plural nountwo small lines similar to double invertedcommas set at the base line, used to showthat the word above is repeateddivinity calfdivinity calf /d |�vnti kɑ�f/ noun a typeof binding used for religious books, madeof dark brown calf leatherdivisiondivision /d|�v�(ə)n/ noun a departmentin a large organisationDNSDNS abbreviation COMPUT domain nameservicedocketdocket /�dɒkt/ noun a slip of paper onwhich a record can be kept � deliverydocket � job docket � work docketdoctor bladedoctor blade /�dɒktə bled/ noun a softmetal blade pulled across the surface of agravure printing surface to remove excessinkdocumentdocument /�dɒkjυmənt/ noun any formof information in printed or electronic

form, e.g. maps, manuscripts or computersoftwaredocumentalistdocumentalist /�dɒkjυ |�mentəlst/noun a specialist in documentationdocumentationdocumentation /�dɒkjυmen|�teʃ(ə)n/noun documents provided or collectedtogether as evidence or as reference mate-rialdocument paperdocument paper /�dɒkjυmənt �pepə/noun special-sized paper used for legal andother documents, which is suitable forwriting ondocument readerdocument reader /�dɒkjυmənt �ri�də/noun a mechanism for reading text into acomputerdog-eareddog-eared /�dɒ" �əd/ adjective used todescribe a book whose corners are bent andworndoglegdogleg /�dɒ"le"/ noun US a leader linewhich bends to link the image to the text itrefers todogsbodydogsbody /�dɒ"zbɒdi/ noun a personwho does all types of work in an office forvery low wages (informal) (NOTE: The USterm is gofer.)DOIDOI abbreviation digital object identifierdo-it-yourselfdo-it-yourself /�du� t jə|�self/ adjectivedone by an ordinary person, not by askilled worker. Abbr DIYdo-it-yourself handbookdo-it-yourself handbook /�du� t jə|

�self �h�ndbυk/, do-it-yourself manual/�du� t jə|�self �m�njuəl/ noun a hand-book showing how to do repairs orconstruction work around the house (NOTE:US English is how-to book.)do-it-yourself magazinedo-it-yourself magazine /�du� t jə|

�self �m�"əzi�n/ noun a magazine witharticles on repairs or construction workwhich the average person can do aroundthe housedo-it-yourself publishingdo-it-yourself publishing /�dəυ t jə |

�self �p�blʃŋ/ noun publishing carriedout by an ordinary individual from his orher own homedollardollar /�dɒlə/ noun money used in theUSA and other countriesdollydolly /�dɒli/ noun a device on wheels, e.g.a mobile microphonedolly truckdolly truck /�dɒli tr�k/ noun a truckwhich moves reels of paper from the paperstore to the printing pressdomaindomain /dəυ |�men/ noun the part of ane-mail address after the @ signdomain namedomain name /dəυ|�men nem/ nounthe sequence of words, phrases, abbrevia-


83 double page spread

tions or characters that serves as theInternet address of a computer or networkdomain name servicedomain name service /də |�mennem �s!�vs/ noun an Internet servicewhich translates domain names into IPaddresses. Abbr DNSdomesticdomestic /də |�mestk/ adjective refer-ring to the home market or the market ofthe country where the business is situateddomestic marketdomestic market /də |�mestk �mɑ�kt/noun a market in the country where acompany is baseddomestic productiondomestic production /də|�mestk prə|

�d�kʃən/ noun production of goods in thehome marketdomestic salesdomestic sales /də |�mestk selz/plural noun same as home salesdoor-to-doordoor-to-door /�dɔ� tə �dɔ�/ adjectivegoing from one house to the next, askingthe occupiers to buy something � door-to-door encyclopedia sellingdoor-to-door salesmandoor-to-door salesman /�dɔ� tə dɔ��selzmən/ noun a man who goes from onehouse to the next, asking people to buysomethingDOSDOS /dɒs/ abbreviation Disk OperatingSystemdossierdossier /�dɒsie/ noun a collection ofdocuments relating to a person or topicdotdot /dɒt/ noun 1. a small round spot 2. apunctuation mark (.) used to separate thevarious components of an Internet address

COMMENT: Various shapes of dots are usedfor halftones, depending on the type ofscreen. Square dots give sharper edges tothe image, while elliptical dots give asmooth gradation between tones.

dot addressdot address /�dɒt ə|�dres/ noun thecommon notation for Internet addresses inthe form A.B.C.D., each letter repre-senting, in decimal notation, one byte of afour-byte address. Also called dottedquad, dotted decimal notation, dottedquad addressdot etchingdot etching /�dɒt �etʃŋ/ noun a methodof making a halftone darker or lighter, byreducing or increasing the size of the dotsby etching them by handdot-for-dot reproductiondot-for-dot reproduction /�dɒt fədɒt �ri�prə|�d�kʃ(ə)n/ noun reproductionfrom a printed halftone, where each dot ismatched and reproduceddot gaindot gain /�dɒt "en/ noun an occurrencein halftone reproduction where the dotstend to enlarge slightly and may lead to dotspread

dotless ‘i’dotless ‘i’ /�dɒtləs �a/ noun the letter ‘i’printed without a dot, used in some faces togive an IPA character, or in order to add afloating accentdots per inchdots per inch /�dɒts p!�r �ntʃ/ nounthe standard method used to describe theresolution capabilities of a page printer orscanner � Some laser printers offer high-resolution printing at 400 dpi. Abbr d.p.i.,dpidot spreaddot spread /�dɒt spred/ noun a defect inhalftone reproduction where the dotsbecome too largedoubledouble /�d�b(ə)l/ adjective twice or twotimes the size � noun a traditional Britishpaper size made when the short side of asheet is doubleddouble burndouble burn /�d�b(ə)l �b!�n/ noun anact of exposing two images on a film togive a special effectdouble casedouble case /�d�b(ə)l �kes/ noun acase which holds both upper case andlower case typedouble-coated paperdouble-coated paper /�d�b(ə)l�kəυtd �pepə/ noun paper which hasbeen coated twice, giving a very hard glossdouble columndouble column /�d�b(ə)l �kɒləm/ nouna setting with two columns on the page.Abbr d.c.double daggerdouble dagger /�d�b(ə)l �d�"ə/ noun athird reference mark for footnotesdouble documentdouble document /�d�b(ə)l�dɒkjυmənt/ noun an error in photo-graphing documents for microfilm, wherethe same image appears twicedouble elephantdouble elephant /�d�b(ə)l �elfənt/noun 1. a large size of drawing paper (40 x27 inches) 2. US a book size up to 50inches highdouble exposuredouble exposure /�d�b(ə)l k|�spəυ�ə/noun two images exposed on the samepiece of photographic film, usually usedfor special effectsdouble imagedouble image /�d�b(ə)l �md�/ nountwo pictures formed when the plates areout of registerdouble line spacingdouble line spacing /�d�b(ə)l �lan�spesŋ/ noun a style of leaving a whiteline between lines of textdouble page spreaddouble page spread /�d�b(ə)l ped��spred/ noun 1. a feature or article that fillstwo facing pages of a newspaper or maga-zine 2. two facing pages, designed to beseen together, the illustrations or textforming one whole design. Abbr DPS


double quotation marks 84double quotation marksdouble quotation marks /�d�b(ə)l�kwəυts/, double quotes, doubleinverted commas plural noun printedsigns (“ ”), used to show that a piece of texthas been quoted � The name of thecompany should be put in double quotes.double ruledouble rule /�d�b(ə)l �ru�l/ noun a rulemade of two linesdouble spacingdouble spacing /�d�b(ə)l �spesŋ/noun text typed with an extra white linebetween each linedouble spreaddouble spread /�d�b(ə)l �spred/ nounPUBL same as double page spreaddouble tone inkdouble tone ink /�d�b(ə)l təυn �ŋk/noun special ink for printing halftones,which spreads out from the centre of eachdot as it dries and gives a stronger picturedoubluredoublure /d�b|�ljυə/ noun a lining, espe-cially one made of leather or highly deco-rated, inside the cover of a bookDow etchingDow etching /�daυ �etʃŋ/, Dow etchprocess noun a form of process engravingusing magnesium alloy plates instead ofzinc, giving very fine linesdownerdowner /�daυnə/ noun a break in theweb, which makes the printing press stopdownloaddownload /�daυn|�ləυd/ verb to moveinformation from one electronic source toanother storage device � The printer down-loaded the pdf from the ftp site.downloadabledownloadable /daυn|�ləυdəb(ə)l/adjective available to be downloadeddownloadable fontsdownloadable fonts/�daυnləυdəb(ə)l �fɒnts/ plural noun fontsor typefaces stored on a disk, which can bedownloaded or sent to a printer and storedin temporary memory or RAMdownruledownrule /�daυnru�l/ noun a verticalline used to separate columns of textdown strokedown stroke /�daυn strəυk/ noun awide heavy section of a characterdowntimedowntime /�daυntam/ noun timeduring which a computer is unusableDPDP abbreviation data processingd.p.i.d.p.i. /�di� pi� �a/, dpi abbreviation dotsper inch � a 300 d.p.i. black and white A4monitor � a 300 dpi image scannerDPSDPS abbreviation double page spreaddraftdraft /drɑ�ft/ noun 1. a rough form ofsomething written, drawn or planned � Theeditor has seen the first draft of her newnovel. 2. a written order for money to betransferred from one bank to another �verb to make a first rough plan of a docu-ment � She was asked to draft the blurb for

the series. � The contract is still beingdrafted.drafting machinedrafting machine /�drɑ�ftŋ mə|�ʃi�n/noun a piece of equipment used in adrawing office, with things such as rules,scales, set squares and a head for attachinga plotting pen, all attached to an angleddrawing boarddraft printingdraft printing /drɑ�ft �prntŋ/, draft-quality printing noun low-quality, high-speed printingdraftsmandraftsman /�drɑ�ftsmən/,draughtsman /�drɑ�ftsmən/ noun aperson who draws plans, especially archi-tectural plansdragdrag /dr�"/ verb to move a mouse whileholding the button down, so moving animage or icon on screendragon’s blooddragon’s blood /�dr�"(ə)nz bl�d/noun a red pigment used to cover etchingplates to protect the parts that are not to beetcheddramadrama /�drɑ�mə/ noun plays performedin the theatre or on radio or TV, or a singleplay � They are publishing a contemporarydrama series.drama criticdrama critic /�drɑ�mə �krtk/ noun areviewer for a newspaper who writesreviews of playsdramatisationdramatisation /�dr�məta |�zeʃ(ə)n/,dramatization noun 1. the act of adaptingsomething such as novel for cinema, televi-sion or the theatre 2. a film, televisionprogramme or play which has beenadapted from a noveldramatisedramatise /�dr�mətaz/, dramatizeverb to adapt something such as novel forcinema, television or the theatre � Thenovel was dramatised by J. Smith.draughtsmandraughtsman /�drɑ�ftsmən/ nounanother spelling of draftsmandrawdraw /drɔ�/ verb 1. to make a pictureusing a pencil or pen � She has drawn thedesigns for the new covers. � The mapshave all been drawn by hand. 2. to pullsomething � Type which has not beensecured may be drawn out of the forme bythe printing rollers.drawdowndrawdown /�drɔ�daυn/ noun a way ofcomparing two printing inks (NOTE: Theinks are spread on paper with a spatulaand their shades and opacity arecompared when dry.)drawingdrawing /�drɔ�ŋ/ noun a picture whichhas been drawn by an artist � The book is


85 drop ship

illustrated with line drawings by theauthor.drawing boarddrawing board /�drɔ�ŋ bɔ�d/ noun alarge flat surface on which an artist ordesigner can draw, sometimes with anadjustable sloping topdrawing paperdrawing paper /�drɔ�ŋ �pepə/ nounwhite cartridge paper, used by artistsdrawing pindrawing pin /�drɔ�ŋ pn/ noun a pinwith a flat head used for attaching noticesto a boarddrawing programdrawing program /�drɔ�ŋ�prəυ"r�m/ noun software that allows theuser to draw and design on screen. � paintprogramdrawing toolsdrawing tools /�drɔ�ŋ tu�lz/ pluralnoun the range of functions in a paintprogram that allows the user to draw,normally displayed as icons in a toolbardrawn-indrawn-in /�drɔ�n �n/ adjective relatingto a binding style where the cords arepulled through holes in the cover boardsand then glued downdrawn-on coverdrawn-on cover /�drɔ�n ɒn �k�və/noun a binding style where the cover isglued directly onto a book block made ofone or more signatures sewn or gluedtogetherdraw updraw up /�drɔ� ��p/ verb to prepare andwrite out a documentDreamweaverDreamweaver /�dri�mwi�və/ a tradename for a webpage and web applicationdesign tooldressingdressing /�dresŋ/ noun 1. the act ofmaking ready printing cylinders bypacking, to change the density of theimpression 2. the process of loadingvarious fonts into a phototypesetterdrierdrier /�draə/ noun another spelling ofdryerdrilldrill /drl/ verb to make holes in themargins of leaves for loose-leaf bindingdrilled and strungdrilled and strung /�drld ən �str�ŋ/adjective bound by making holes througheach leaf or signature, and then attachingthem together with a threaddrivedrive /drav/ noun 1. energy or an ener-getic way of working 2. a part of a machinewhich makes other parts work � verb tomake a machine work, or a car or othervehicle go in a particular directiondriven rollerdriven roller /�drv(ə)n �rəυlə/ noun aroller in a printing press which is driven bythe motor, and which pulls the web throughthe press

drive outdrive out /�drav �aυt/ verb to expand thenumber of pages in a book by increasingthe spaces between words or linesDRMDRM abbreviation digital rights manage-mentdropdrop /drɒp/ noun 1. a fall 2. the amount ofspace left when a text starts lower down thepage than normal � There should be a10mm drop at the beginning of the chapter.� verb 1. to fall � Sales have dropped by10%. 2. to bring down the text, leaving ablank space � The chapter entry should bedropped six lines. 3. to unlock the formeafter printing, so as to release the typewhich is then ready for distribution 4. todecide not to do or use something any more� We decided to drop the title from theSpring list. � The education committeehave dropped our Geography course fromtheir list of adoptions.drop capdrop cap /�drɒp k�p/ noun a large-sizeinitial letter at the beginning of a chapter,which runs down over several lines of text.Also called drop initialdrop-down menudrop-down menu /�drɒp daυn�menju�/ noun a vertical list of options thatappears on clicking on an item on acomputer screen. It remains visible untilone of the options has been selected byclicking on it.drop foliodrop folio /�drɒp �fəυliəυ/ noun a pagenumber printed at the foot of the pagedrop guidesdrop guides /�drɒp "adz/ plural nounbars at the side of a paper feed which placethe sheets in the correct positiondrop indrop in /�drɒp �n/ verb to put a block oftext or an illustration into a space left in atypeset pagedrop initialdrop initial /�drɒp |�nʃ(ə)l/ noun sameas drop capdrop-out bluedrop-out blue /�drɒp aυt �blu�/ noun aspecial blue pencil used to write onbromides or on other artwork, which doesnot reproduce when filmeddrop-out halftonedrop-out halftone /�drɒp aυt�hɑ�ftəυn/ noun a halftone that has no dotson the highlighted sections which are justwhite paperdropped headsdropped heads /�drɒpt �hedz/ pluralnoun chapter heads which begin severallines down the page throughout a bookdrop shipdrop ship /�drɒp �ʃp/ verb to deliver alarge order direct to a customer withoutgoing through an agent or distributor,though the invoice for the shipment may besent to the agent


drop shipment 86drop shipmentdrop shipment /�drɒp �ʃpmənt/ nounthe delivery of a large order from themanufacturer direct to a customer’s shop orwarehouse, without going through an agentor wholesalerdrumdrum /dr�m/ noun a large cylinderdrum plotterdrum plotter /�dr�m �plɒtə/ noun acomputer output device that consists of amovable pen and a piece of paper wrappedround a drum that rotates, creating patternsand textdry enddry end /�dra end/ noun the end of afourdrinier papermaking machine wherethe wet web of paper is passed between hotrollers to dry itdryerdryer /�draə/, drier noun 1. a machinewhich dries, especially one for drying ink2. an ingredient added to ink which speedsup the drying processdry indicator testdry indicator test /�dra �ndketə�test/ noun a test of the resistance of paperto liquidsdrying cylinderdrying cylinder /�draŋ �slndə/ nouna heated cylinder over which newly madesheets of paper pass to be drieddrying timedrying time /�draŋ tam/ noun thetime taken for ink to dry on a printed sheetdry inkdry ink /�dra ŋk/ noun powdered inkused in some photocopiersdry lithodry litho /�dra �laθəυ/ noun an offsetplate which does not need dampening todistribute the inkdry mountingdry mounting /�dra �maυntŋ/ noun away of mounting photographs so that theyare flat, by using adhesives which stickwhen presseddry offsetdry offset /�dra �ɒfset/ noun a letter-press process, using a letterpress plate onan offset litho pressdry pointdry point /�dra pɔnt/ noun a method ofetching with a needle directly onto acopper plate without using acid, used forretouching etched platesdry proofingdry proofing /�dra �pru�fŋ/ noun amethod of making colour proofs using dryinksdry-transfer letteringdry-transfer lettering /�dra�tr�nsf!� �letərŋ/, dry-transfer processnoun letters or other symbols which are onthe back of a sheet of plastic and can betransferred to paper by rubbingdry-transfer sheetdry-transfer sheet /�dra �tr�nsf!��ʃi�t/ noun a sheet of letters used for thedry-transfer processDTPDTP abbreviation desktop publishing

dual pricingdual pricing /�dju�əl �prasŋ/ noun themethod of giving different prices to twobooks which are substantially the same,e.g. one price for a book sold through retailoutlets and a lower price for the same book,with possibly a different cover, sold bymail order. Compare partial remain-deringduck-foot quotesduck-foot quotes /�d�k fυt �kwəυts/plural noun same as guillemetsductduct /d�kt/ noun a container for ink in aprinting machineduct rollerduct roller /�d�kt �rəυlə/, ductor rollernoun a roller that takes ink and supplies itto the distributing rollers which ink theformeduedue /dju�/ adjective expected to arrive orhappen at a particular time � due tobecause of � to fall due, to become due tobe ready for paymentduesdues /dju�z/ plural noun books for whichorders have been taken, but which cannotbe supplied until fresh stock arrives. This isbecause they are either subscription ordersrecorded for a new title or orders for abacklist title which is being reprinted.dues reportdues report /�dju�z r |�pɔ�t/ noun alisting of titles and the number of dueswhich have been loggeddukeduke /dju�k/ noun an old paper size usedfor notepaperdull-coated paperdull-coated paper /�d�l �kəυtd�pepə/ noun US coated paper which has amatt finish (NOTE: The UK term is matt artpaper.)dummydummy /�d�m/ noun an imitationproduct to test the reaction of potentialcustomers to its design, especially a bookwith a cover but blank pages, or with onlya few specimen pages showing layoutsdummy packdummy pack /�d�mi p�k/ noun anempty pack for display in a shopdummy textdummy text /�d�mi �tekst/ nounjumbled letters or words, or a piece ofmeaningless or irrelevant text, which isused in the place of real text when puttingtogether a layout. Also called greekedtext, placeholder textdumpdump /d�mp/ verb � to dump goods ona market to get rid of large quantities ofexcess goods cheaply in an overseasmarketdump bindump bin /�d�mp bn/ noun a displaycontainer like a large box which is filledwith goods for sale


87 dye transfer printdumpingdumping /�d�mpŋ/ noun the act ofgetting rid of excess goods cheaply in anoverseas market � dumping of cheappaperbacks on the European marketduodecimoduodecimo /�djuəυ|�dekməυ/ nounPRINTING same as twelvemoduotoneduotone /�dju�əυtəυn/ noun same asduplex halftoneduplexduplex /�dju�pleks/ noun paper made oftwo sheets of different colour or finish,stuck together back to backduplex cutduplex cut /�dju�pleks k�t/ noundifferent widths of paper cut from the samereelduplex halftoneduplex halftone /�dju�pleks�hɑ�ftəυn/ noun a two-colour halftoneprinted from a monochrome original, thescreen angle of each negative beingdifferent. Also called duotoneduplicateduplicate noun /�dju�plkət/ an extracopy of a book or document already instock � verb /�dju�plket/ to make anexact copy of somethingduplicate plateduplicate plate /�dju�plkət plet/noun a plate made from the original plateduplicationduplication /�dju�pl |�keʃ(ə)n/ nounthe copying of documentsduplicatorduplicator /�dju�plketə/ noun amachine that makes copies of documentsdurabledurable /�djυərəb(ə)l/ adjective lasting along time � This cover material is not asdurable as the previous batch.dust jacketdust jacket /�d�st �d��kt/, dust cover/�d�st �k�və/ noun a paper book cover,often illustrated, which protects the hardbinding of the book and can be removeddutiable goodsdutiable goods /�dju�tiəb(ə)l �"υdz/,dutiable items plural noun goods onwhich a customs duty has to be paid

dutyduty /�dju�ti/ noun a tax which has to bepaidduty-freeduty-free /�dju�ti �fri�/ adjective with noduty to be paid. Also called free of dutyDVDDVD /�di� vi� �di�/ noun an opticalcompact disc that can store a large quantityof video, audio or other information. Fullform digital video discDVD-ROMDVD-ROM /�di� vi� �di� �rɒm/ noun ahigh-capacity optical disc on which datacan be stored but not altered. Full formdigital video disc read only memoryDvorak keyboardDvorak keyboard /�dvɔ�r�k �ki�bɔ�d/noun a keyboard with frequently used keysplaced near the centre for quicker typingdwelldwell /dwel/ noun a short time duringwhich a hand-worked press is in contactwith the paper, or when a blocking tool isin contact with cover materialdyedye /da/ noun a colouring substance usedto give a material a permanent colour �verb to give a material a permanent colourdyeline paperdyeline paper /�dalan �pepə/ nounsame as diazo paperdyeline printdyeline print /�dalan prnt/ noun aproof in the form of a print taken directlyfrom filmdyeline processdyeline process /�dalan �prəυses/noun a cheap method of proofing wherespecial coated paper is contacted to filmand then developed usually in blue or blackdye-sublimationdye-sublimation /�da �s�bl|

�meʃ(ə)n/ noun a method of high-qualityprinting, using heated sheets of dye whichsink into the specially-coated paperdye transfer printdye transfer print /�da �tr�nsf!��prnt/ noun a full-colour print made fromartwork direct onto coated paper, used fordisplay material where only a few copiesare required


EE13BE13B noun a font used in magnetic inkprinting on chequesEANEAN abbreviation European articlenumbere. & o.e.e. & o.e. abbreviation words written onan invoice or estimate to show that thecompany has no responsibility formistakes in the invoice. Full form errorsand omissions exceptedearear /ə/ noun the small space at the side ofthe masthead on a newspaper, used foradvertisingearly sellingearly selling /�!�l �selŋ/ noun theselling of a book by a bookseller before thepublication date set by the publisherearmarkearmark /�əmɑ�k/ verb to put somethingon one side for a particular purposeearpieceearpiece /�əpi�s/ noun a small adver-tisement placed at the side of the mastheadon a newspapereasereaser /�i�zə/ noun a substance added toink to make it more fluid and less stickye-booke-book /�i� bυk/ noun a battery-poweredportable reading device displaying text ona high-resolution screen. Also called elec-tronic book

‘Almost every IT expert in the world isagreed that the book faces arevolutionary challenge from e-booksand e-paper. Carr says: “In the next fiveto 10 years, maybe much sooner, we’llsee a decent, ultra-lightweight, portablee-paper device that allows book lovers todownload titles straight from theinternet”.’ [The Observer]

e-book readere-book reader /�i� bυk �ri�də/ noun apiece of software which allows e-books tobe read on a PCECGDECGD abbreviation Export Credit Guar-antee Departmente-collaboratione-collaboration /�i� kə|�l�bəreʃ(ə)n/noun collaboration among people or

organisations made possible by means ofelectronic technologies such as theInternet, video conferencing and wirelessdevicese-commercee-commerce /�i� �kɒm!�s/ noun theexchange of goods, information, products,or services via an electronic medium suchas the Internete-copye-copy /�i� �kɒpi/ noun an electronic copyof a document, especially an e-mail textthat has a primary destination as an elec-tronic message and a secondary destinationas a printed copyed.ed. abbreviation PUBL editionedgeedge /ed�/ noun 1. one side of a flatthing; for a book, one of the three sideswhere the paper has been trimmed � Theedges of the book are coloured. � Theprinter has printed the figures right to theedge of the printout. 2. an advantage oversomebody else � Having a local officegives us a competitive edge over Smith Ltd.edge enhancementedge enhancement /�ed� n|

�hɑ�nsmənt/ noun same as unsharpmaskingedge planingedge planing /�ed� �plenŋ/ noun theact of cutting the edge of a printing plateEDIEDI abbreviation electronic data inter-changeeditedit /�edt/ verb 1. to change, correct ormodify text or films 2. to prepare a docu-ment for publication 3. � to edit down toreduce the extent of a text by cutting in theeditorial department � They edited theautobiography down from 1,000 pages ofsingle-spaced typescript to make a 250-page paperback. � to edit something outto delete something from the text � Heasked the copy editing department to editout all references to the Prime Minister.edit.edit. abbreviation PUBL editioneditededited /�edtd/ adjective relating to workconsisting of one or several separate items


89 edutainment

prepared for publication by somebodyother than the authoreditingediting /�edtŋ/ noun the process ofpreparing a manuscript for publication �The book is with the editing department. �The editing of the text will take at least sixmonths. � Can the editing be done directlyon the screen?editing symbolediting symbol /�edtŋ �smb(ə)l/noun a character on microfilm to aid posi-tioning, cutting and editing of the framesediting terminalediting terminal /�edtŋ �t!�mn(ə)l/noun a computer terminal on which text isshown which can be editededitionedition /|�dʃ(ə)n/ noun a particularversion of a book, magazine, newspaper orTV or radio programme which is printed orbroadcast at one timeedition bindingedition binding / |�dʃ(ə)n �bandŋ/noun a mass-produced binding style wherethe book is cased, with a plain clothbinding, usually covered with a jacketeditio princepseditio princeps / |�dtiəυ �prnseps/noun the first printed edition of a piece ofwriting (NOTE: From the Latin meaning‘first edition’.)edit keyedit key /�edt ki�/ noun a key whichstarts a function that makes an editor easierto useeditoreditor /�edtə/ noun 1. a person whochanges or corrects text or films 2. a personin charge of publishing a newspaper ormagazine who makes the final decisionsabout the contents and formateditorialeditorial /�ed |�tɔ�riəl/ noun the mainarticle in a newspaper, written by the editor� adjective relating to an editoreditorial boardeditorial board /�ed|�tɔ�riəl �bɔ�d/noun a group of people with the power tomake decisions about the contents of docu-mentseditorial contenteditorial content /�ed |�tɔ�riəl�kɒntent/ noun creative copy produced foruse in a publicationeditorial departmenteditorial department /�ed |�tɔ�riəl d|

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a department in apublishing company which deals with thein-house editing of bookseditorial dutieseditorial duties /�ed |�tɔ�riəl �dju�z/plural noun the work of an editor or copyeditoreditorial processeditorial process /�ed |�tɔ�riəl�prəυses/ noun all the stages of workinvolved in checking and editing a piece ofcopy

editorial scheduleeditorial schedule /�ed |�tɔ�riəl�ʃedju�l/ noun a list of dates for all theeditorial processes of a book includingcopy editing, design, author’s queries andlibel checkingeditorial serviceseditorial services /�ed |�tɔ�riəl�s!�vsz/ noun work that can be done byan outside person or company, producingor checking editorial contenteditorial teameditorial team /�ed|�tɔ�riəl �ti�m/ nounall the people involved in editing a piece ofwork from initial submission to publica-tioneditorshipeditorship /�edtəʃp/ noun the post ofeditor, especially on a newspaperedit windowedit window /�edt �wndəυ/ noun anarea of the screen in which the user candisplay and edit text or graphicsEDPEDP abbreviation electronic dataprocessingeducationaleducational /�edjυ |�keʃ(ə)nəl/ adjec-tive 1. giving knowledge, instruction orinformation 2. relating to or concernedwith education � They have a strongeducational salesforce.educational contractoreducational contractor /�edjυ|

�keʃ(ə)nəl kən|�tr�ktə/ noun 1. acompany that has a contract to supply aschool with books, stationery and otheritems 2. a bookseller who has a contract tosupply school books to a local educationalauthorityeducational listeducational list /�edjυ|�keʃ(ə)nəl lst/noun a group of books published by onepublisher for the educational marketeducational publishereducational publisher /�edjυ|

�keʃ(ə)nəl �p�blʃə/ noun a publisherwho publishes books for use in schools orcolleges � A small educational publisher isfor sale.educational representativeeducational representative /�edjυ|

�keʃ(ə)nəl �reprzentətv/, educationalrep noun a publisher’s representative whovisits schools and colleges to show booksto teacherseducational showroomeducational showroom /�edjυ|

�keʃ(ə)nəl �ʃəυru�m/ noun a room whereeducational books and equipment are onshow, so that teachers can look at them anddecide what to buyeducational suppliereducational supplier /�edjυ|

�keʃ(ə)nəl sə|�plaə/ noun a wholesalerwho specialises in supplying educationalequipment or books to schoolsedutainmentedutainment /�edjυ|�tenmənt/ nountelevision programmes, computer software


effect 90

or other media content intended both toentertain and educate userseffecteffect / |�fekt/ noun 1. the result of some-thing 2. meaning � verb to carry somethingout � to effect a payment to make apaymenteffective dateeffective date /|�fektv det/ noun thedate on which a rule or a contract starts tobe appliedeffectivenesseffectiveness / |�fektvnəs/ noun thefact of working or producing results � Idoubt the effectiveness of advertisinglearned journals on television. � cost-effectivenessefforteffort /�efət/ noun the use of the mind orbody to do something � The salespeoplemade great efforts to increase sales. �Thanks to the efforts of the finance depart-ment, overheads have been reduced. � Ifwe make a bit more effort, we should clearthe backlog of orders.EFLEFL abbreviation EDUC English as aForeign Languagee.g.e.g. abbreviation for example or such as �The contract is valid in some countries(e.g. France and Belgium) but not inothers. (NOTE: From the Latin phrase‘exempli gratia’.)eggshell antiqueeggshell antique /�e"ʃel �n|�ti�k/noun bulky antique paper with an eggshellfinisheggshell finisheggshell finish /�e"ʃel �fnʃ/ noun adull smooth finish to paper which has notbeen calenderedEGMEGM abbreviation Extraordinary GeneralMeetingEgyptianEgyptian /|�d�pʃ(ə)n/ noun a typefacewith a slab serifeighteenmoeighteenmo /�eti�n |�məυ/ noun same asoctodecimo18mo18mo abbreviation eighteenmoeight to pica leadseight to pica leads /�et tə �pakə�ledz/ plural noun pieces of thin metalleading, eight of which form one picaeightvoeightvo /�etvəυ/ noun same as octavo8vo8vo abbreviation octavoe-learninge-learning /�i� �l!�nŋ/ noun the acquisi-tion of knowledge and skill using elec-tronic technologies such as computer- andInternet-based courseware and local andwide area networkselectroelectro / |�lektrəυ/ noun same as electro-typeelectronicallyelectronically /�elek |�trɒnkli/ adverbreferring to operations using electronic

methods � The text is electronically trans-mitted to an outside typesetter.electronic bookelectronic book /�elektrɒnk �bυk/noun same as e-bookelectronic compositionelectronic composition /�elektrɒnk�kɒmpə |�zʃ(ə)n/ noun text manipulationby computer leading to automatic typeset-ting and page make-upelectronic compositorelectronic compositor /�elektrɒnkkəm |�pɒztə/ noun a computer that allowsa user to arrange text easily on screenbefore it is electronically typesetelectronic data interchangeelectronic data interchange/�elektrɒnk �detə �ntətʃend�/ noun asystem of sending commercial data over anetwork or telephone line using an elec-tronic mail system. Abbr EDIelectronic data processingelectronic data processing/�elektrɒnk �detə �prəυsesŋ/ nouncomputer-based tasks involving the inputand manipulation of data, usually usingdatabase programs. Abbr EDPelectronic editingelectronic editing /�elektrɒnk�edtŋ/ noun the electronic selecting andassembling of audio and visual material;there are no mechanical splices, lifts orreprintselectronic fileelectronic file /�elektrɒnk �fal/ nountext in the form of a set of data that can besent from an editor to the typesetterthrough a computer networkelectronic journalelectronic journal /�elektrɒnk�d�!�n(ə)l/ noun a journal that is trans-mitted via a computer network

‘Unlike print journals, which librariesown and can keep forever, electronicjournals are provided to libraries under akind of lease. Libraries pay for theprivilege of having access to the journalsonline. But many libraries fear theywon’t be able to retrieve back issuesshould this access abruptly end.’[The Chronicle of Higher Education]

electronic journalismelectronic journalism /�elektrɒnk�d�!�n(ə)lz(ə)m/ noun news coveragethat is transmitted electronically, e.g. bytelevision or over the Internetelectronic libraryelectronic library /�elektrɒnk�labrəri/ noun texts and documents thatare available through a computer networkelectronic magazineelectronic magazine /�elektrɒnk�m�"ə |�zi�n/ noun a magazine that isdistributed online over a computer networkrather than being printed on paperelectronic page compositionelectronic page composition/�elektrɒnk �ped� �kɒmpəzʃ(ə)n/ noun


91 emboss

a system comprising colour scanning,retouching and colour correction, proofing,page assembly and output of films bycomputer methods. Abbr EPCelectronic payment system

electronic payment system/�elektrɒnk �pemənt �sstəm/ noun ameans of making payments over an elec-tronic network such as the Internetelectronic point of sale

electronic point of sale /�elektrɒnk�pɔnt əv �sel/ noun full form of EPOSelectronic publishing

electronic publishing /�elektrɒnk�p�blʃŋ/ noun the process and businessof producing books or journals in elec-tronic form, e.g. as e-books or for onlineaccesselectronic register control

electronic register control/�elektrɒnk �red�stə kən|�trəυl/ nouncontrol of the register on web-fed presses,using electronic deviceselectronic rights

electronic rights /�elektrɒnk �rats/plural noun the right to publish and sellcopyright material using electronic devicessuch as CD-ROM or the Internetelectronic scanner

electronic scanner /�elektrɒnk�sk�nə/ noun a machine that producescolour separations by scanning colourartworkelectrophotography

electrophotography / |�lektrəυfə |

�tɒ"rəfi/ noun a general term for methodsof recording optical images by means oflight acting on a photoconducting insu-lator, static charge and an image created bya toner which is then fixed by heat or pres-sureelectrostatic printing

electrostatic printing /|

�lektrəυst�tk �prntŋ/ noun a copyingprocess, where the surface of the paper ischarged electrically and powdered ink isspread on it; the ink adheres to the chargedsurfaces and is then heated to fix it to thepaperelectrotype

electrotype / |�lektrəυtap/ noun a typeof printing plate made from a mould andcoated with copper or nickel. Also calledelectroe-legal deposit

e-legal deposit /�i� �li�"(ə)l d|�pɒzt/noun the deposit of electronic documentsin library facilities for storage and preser-vationelement

element /�elmənt/ noun 1. one of thesingle parts that make up a whole 2. thebasic and most important part of a subjectelephant

elephant /�elfənt/ noun a former booksize, 23 x 14 inches. � double elephant

elephant folioelephant folio /�elfənt �fəυliəυ/ nouna book size from 61 to 63.5 cm/24 to 25inches in heightelhielhi, El-Hi noun US publishing for theelementary and high school markets � anelhi publisher � He has written a mathcourse for the elhi market.elisionelision /|�l�(ə)n/ noun omission of acharacter which is not essential to under-standing the meaning of a series of charac-ters, e.g. using ‘it’s’ to mean ‘it is’ellipsisellipsis / |�lpss/ noun a series of threedots, used to show that part of a text ismissingElmendorf tear testElmendorf tear test /�elməndɔ�f teə�test/ noun a test carried out in paper millsto check the resistance of paper to tear, inwhich a slit is made in a sample of paperheld in clamps and the force needed tocompletely tear the paper is measuredELTELT noun the teaching of English to non-native speakers of English. Full formEnglish Language Teachingemem /em/ noun a measure of width of type,equivalent to the point size used: one em in8 point is 8 points wide

COMMENT: The em is taken as the width ofa capital M which varies according to thepoint size of type. The pica em has beenstandardised at 4.23mm wide, which isequivalent to 12 points. It is also calledmutton when referring to the width of theletter M.

e-maile-mail /�i� mel/ noun messages sent on acomputer using a modem and telephonelines to other users of a network or bulletinboard. Also called electronic maile-mail shorthande-mail shorthand /�i� mel �ʃɔ�th�nd/noun the set of acronyms and abbreviationsfor common phrases originally used in e-mail and subsequently in chat rooms,instant messaging and newsgroup postingse-marketinge-marketing /�i� �mɑ�ktŋ/ nounmarketing using the Internet, concentratingon methods such as web page design,advertising, newsgroup targeting, sales e-mails etcembedded commandembedded command /m|�bedd kə|

�mɑ�nd/ noun a printing command whichis keyboarded into text, and which appearson the screen but does not appear in thefinal printed documentemboldeningemboldening /m|�bɒld(ə)n/ noun theact of making a word print in bold typeembossemboss /m|�bɒs/ verb to press a mouldon the underside of something so that thesurface stands out in relief � The address isembossed at the top of each piece of note-


em dash 92

paper. � The book has an embossed leatherbinding. Compare debossem dashem dash /�em d�ʃ/ noun a dash which isthe length of an em, used to separatewords. Also called em rule, long dashemeraldemerald /�em(ə)rəld/ noun a former typesize, equivalent to 6 1/2 pointemmageemmage /�emd�/ noun the total area ofthe type, expressed in emsem quadem quad /�em kwɒd/ noun a spaceprinted that is equal in size to an emem ruleem rule /�em ru�l/ noun same as emdashems per hourems per hour /�emz p!� �aυə/ pluralnoun the rate of production of charactersfrom a machine or operatoremulsionemulsion / |�m�lʃən/ noun a light-sensi-tive coating on photographic film or paperemulsion sideemulsion side / |�m�lʃən sad/ nounthe coated dull side of film which is placedin contact with the emulsion side ofanother film or plate, to give a clear imageenen /en/ noun a measure of width of typewhich is half the size of an emenamel paperenamel paper /|�n�m(ə)l �pepə/ nounUS paper that has been coated with a layerof clay and size to make it shiny andsmooth (NOTE: The UK term is coatedpaper.)encapsulateencapsulate /n |�k�psjυlet/ verb tocapture the main points of something in avery small space or within a single objector eventencapsulatedencapsulated /n |�k�psjυletd/ adjec-tive contained within something elseencapsulated PostScriptencapsulated PostScript /n|

�k�psjυletd �pəυstskrpt/ noun Post-Script commands which describe an imageor page contained within a file that can beplaced within a graphics or DTP program.Abbr EPSencapsulated PostScript fileencapsulated PostScript file /n|

�k�psjυletd �pəυstskrpt �fal/ noun afile that contains encapsulated PostScriptinstructions together with a previewbitmap image. Abbr EPSF

COMMENT: An Encapsulated PostScript filecontains PostScript commands thatdescribe an image or page, the commandsare stored in a file and this can be placed ona page; an encapsulated PostScript fileoften contains a preview image in TIFF orPICT format.

encloseenclose /n|�kləυz/ verb to send some-thing in the same envelope

enclosureenclosure /n |�kləυ�ə/ noun a documentenclosed with a letter � letter with enclo-suresencryptencrypt /n|�krpt/ verb to convert plain-text to a secure coded form, using a ciphersystem � the encrypted text can be sentalong ordinary telephone linesencryptionencryption /n|�krpʃən/ noun theconversion of plaintext to a secure codedform by means of a cipher system

‘The VPN solution will provide userconfidentiality and authenticity throughdata encryption which allows onlyauthorised users to access corporatenetworks.’ [DMEurope]

encyclopediaencyclopedia /n|�saklə|�pi�diə/, ency-clopaedia /nsaklə |�pi�diə/ noun a bookor set of books offering comprehensiveinformation on all or specialised areas ofknowledge. Also called cyclopediaencyclopedicencyclopedic /n|�saklə|�pi�dk/ adjec-tive covering or including a broad range ofdetailed knowledge such as is found in anencyclopediaencyclopedistencyclopedist /n |�saklə|�pi�dst/ nouna compiler of or contributor to an encyclo-pediaendend /end/ noun the final point or last partof something � at the end of the contractperiod � verb to finish � The distributionagreement ends in July. � The chairmanended the discussion by getting up andwalking out of the meeting.en dashen dash /�em d�ʃ/ noun a short dash likea hyphen, as long as an en, showing thattwo words or figures are joined together.Also called en rule, en scoreend evenend even /�end �i�v(ə)n/ adjectivemaking sure that the last line in a text beingset is a full lineend inend in /�end n/ verb to have somethingas a result � The AGM ended in a fightbetween rival groups of shareholders. �The libel case ended in an apology from theeditor.endingending /�endŋ/ noun the final part of adocumentend matterend matter /�end �m�tə/ noun PUBLsame as back matterendnoteendnote /�endnəυt/ noun a note ofcomment or reference placed at the end ofa chapter, book or essayendnotesendnotes /�endnəυts/ plural noun notesthat are printed at the end of a chapter, asopposed to footnotes which are printed atthe bottom of the page


93 equalendpapersendpapers, endsheets plural nounpages of thicker paper at the front and backof a book, glued to the first and last textpages and then glued to the cover � Thelimited edition has marbled endpapers.end product

end product /�end �prɒd�kt/ noun amanufactured product, made at the end ofa production processend sign

end sign /�end san/ noun a printer’sflower used to indicate the end of an articlein newspapers or magazinesend user

end user /�end �ju�zə/ noun a user of acomputer program or any electronicsystemengine-sized paperengine-sized paper /�end�n sazd�pepə/ noun paper made from pulp towhich size has been added, as opposed totub-sized paper in which the size is addedafter the paper has been madeEnglish

English /�ŋ"lʃ/ noun the Englishlanguage, together with literature writtenin it, as a subject of studyEnglish finish

English finish /�ŋ"lʃ �fnʃ/ noun USa type of smooth calendered paper finish,inferior in quality to coated paper (NOTE:The UK term is imitation art paper.)engraveengrave /n |�"rev/ verb to cut a designon metal, wood or glassengraver

engraver /n|�"revə/ noun a person whoengraves plates for printingengraver’s proofengraver’s proof /n|�"revəz pru�f/noun a proof of an engraving or linedrawingengravingengraving /n|�"revŋ/ noun 1. the actof preparing a printing surface by etchingthe surface of a metal plate 2. an illustra-tion made by printing from an engravedplate

COMMENT: The term ‘engraving’ does notmean the same in printing as it does in fineart. An artist engraves a plate by cutting finelines on it with a burin (a type of sharpneedle); the image is formed by putting inkinto the cut lines, and wiping excess ink offthe flat top surface. In printing, the oppositeis the case, as photoengraving etches (withan acid) the non-printing surfaces, leavingthe top surface to carry the ink.Photoengraving can be used forreproducing either line drawings (wheretones are represented by lines of ink) orhalftones (where the tones are conveyed bymany little dots of different sizes).

enhanceenhance /n|�hɑ�ns/ verb to make some-thing clearer � to enhance a photographenlarge

enlarge /n|�lɑ�d�/ verb to make some-thing bigger

enlargementenlargement /n |�lɑ�d�mənt/ noun theprocess or result of making somethingbiggerenlargerenlarger /n |�lɑ�d�ə/ noun a device whichmakes photographic prints which are muchlarger than the negativeenlightenenlighten /n |�lat(ə)n/ verb to give clar-ifying information to somebodyennageennage /�end�/ noun the total area oftype, expressed in ensen quaden quad /�en kwɒd/ noun a space that ishalf the width of an em quad spaceen ruleen rule /�en ru�l/, en score noun same asen dashentertainment expensesentertainment expenses /�entə|

�tenmənt k|�spensz/ plural noun moneyspent on giving meals to business visitorsentitleentitle /n|�tat(ə)l/ verb 1. to give a titleto something such as a book � He is theauthor of a book entitled ‘Decline andFall’. 2. to give somebody the right tosomething � As an author, he’s entitled toa discount.entitlemententitlement /n|�tat(ə)lmənt/ noun arightentryentry /�entri/ noun a single record in adatabase, dictionary or catalogueEPCEPC abbreviation electronic page compo-sitionephemeraephemera /|�femərə/ plural noun itemsrelating to a specific event or topic whichare designed to last for a very short time,e.g. theatre programmes, pamphlets ornewspaper cuttings

‘Libraries have to make room for newbooks by discarding outdated ephemera,but dumping all older books is a disgraceand a disservice to users. The problem isthat deciding what to keep takes moreknowledge than many library managershave, so they adopt the motto “when indoubt, chuck it out”.’ [Bristol EveningPost]

epigraphepigraph /�ep"r�f/ noun a quotationused at the beginning of a book, as part ofthe prelimsEPOSEPOS /�i�pɒs/ noun a system where salesare charged automatically to a customer’scredit card and stock is controlled by theshop’s computer. Full form electronicpoint of saleEPSEPS abbreviation encapsulated PostScriptequalequal /�i�kwəl/ adjective same in size,amount or degree � verb to be the same assomething � Production this month hasequalled our best month ever.


equally 94equallyequally /�i�kwəli/ adverb to the sameextent � Costs will be shared equallybetween the two parties. � They were bothequally responsible for the disastrouslaunch.equal opportunities programmeequal opportunities programme/�i�kwəl ɒpə |�tju�ntiz �prəυ"r�m/ nouna programme to avoid discrimination inemployment (NOTE: The US term is affirm-ative action program.)equals signequals sign /�i�kwəlz san/, equal signnoun a printed sign (=) used to show thattwo things are equalequipequip / |�kwp/ verb to provide withmachinery � to equip a printing works withnew machinery � The office is fullyequipped with word processors.equipmentequipment / |�kwpmənt/ nounmachinery and furniture needed to make anoffice or factory workeraseerase / |�rez/ verb 1. to remove marksfrom paper 2. to delete something from acomputererratumerratum /e |�rɑ�təm/ noun a correction toa printed document that is added on a sepa-rate slip of paper after publication (NOTE:The plural is errata.)erratum sliperratum slip /e |�rɑ�təm slp/, errata slip/e |�rɑ�tə slp/ noun a small piece of paperinserted into a book with corrections toimportant mistakes which have beennoticed since the book was printederroneouserroneous / |�rəυniəs/ adjective wrongor not correct � an erroneous reading ofthe texterrorerror /�erə/ noun a mistakeerror rateerror rate /�erə ret/ noun the number ofmistakes per page or per thousand entrieserrors and omissions exceptederrors and omissions excepted/�erəz ənd əυ |�mʃ(ə)nz k|�septd/ phrasefull form of e. & o.e.eruditeerudite /�erυdat/ adjective having orshowing great knowledge gained fromstudy and readingeruditionerudition /�erυ |�dʃ(ə)n/ noun knowl-edge acquired through study and readingescalator clauseescalator clause /�eskəletə klɔ�z/noun a clause in a contract which allowsfor increased royalties as sales increase

COMMENT: In such a clause, the royalty mayonly be 5% for the first printing of 2000copies, but will increase to 7.5% for the next2000 copies, then to 10% and finally 12.5%for sales beyond (say) 10,000 copies.

escape clauseescape clause / |�skep klɔ�z/ noun aclause in a contract which allows one of the

parties to avoid carrying out the terms ofthe contract under particular conditionsESLESL abbreviation EDUC English as aSecond LanguageESOLESOL /�i�sɒl/ abbreviation EDUC Englishfor Speakers of Other LanguagesESPESP abbreviation EDUC English forSpecial Purposesespartoesparto /s |�pɑ�təυ/ noun a type of thicksmooth paper made from a South Amer-ican grass, which is very good for writingor printing, or as the body in coated papers,but is liable to tear and is now not oftenusedessayessay /�ese/ noun a short piece of proseabout a subjectessayistessayist noun a person who writesessaysestablishestablish /|�st�blʃ/ verb 1. to createsomething in a permanent way 2. to provethat something is definitely trueestablishmentestablishment / |�st�blʃmənt/ noun1. a commercial business � He runs animportant printing establishment. 2. thenumber of people working in a companyestablishment chargesestablishment charges / |

�st�blʃmənt �tʃɑ�d�z/ plural noun thecost of people and property in a company’saccountsestateestate /|�stet/ noun property left by adead person � The royalties are payable tothe author’s estate.estimateestimate verb /�estmet/ to calculate anamount or quantity approximately � noun/�estmət/ 1. a calculation of the probablecost or size or time of something � Thesefigures are only an estimate. � at aconservative estimate giving a calculationwhich probably underestimates the finalfigure � Their turnover has risen by at least20% in the last year, and that is a conserv-ative estimate. 2. a calculation of howmuch something is likely to cost in thefuture, given to a client so as to get him orher to make an order � to ask a typesetterfor an estimate for typesetting 100,000words of text � Before we can give theorder we must have an estimate of the totalcosts involved.estimatedestimated /�estmetd/ adjective calcu-lated approximately � Estimated sales inthe first year should cover all originatingcosts.estimationestimation /�est|�meʃ(ə)n/ noun anapproximate calculation


95 excerptestimatorestimator /�estmetə/ noun a personwhose job is to calculate estimates forcarrying out worke-systeme-system /�i� �sstəm/ noun an elec-tronic communications or informationsysteme-tailinge-tailing /�i� �telŋ/ noun the selling ofgoods and services using an electronicnetwork such as the Internetetchetch /etʃ/ verb to use an acid to removeselected layers of metal from a metalprinting plate leaving the printing surfaceuntouchedetchingetching /�etʃŋ/ noun an illustrationprinted from a plate which has been etched

COMMENT: Etching consists of drawing thedesign on metal with etching ink, thenexposing the metal to acid (the etchingsolution).

EthernetEthernet /�i�θənet/ noun a standarddefining the protocol and signallingmethod of a local area networket seq.et seq. abbreviation and following (NOTE:From the Latin phrase ‘et sequens’.)EUEU abbreviation European UnionEuroEuro /�jυərəυ/ noun the official currencyof 12 countries in the European UnionEuropalletEuropallet /�jυərəυ |�p�lt/ noun astandardised pallet measuring 120 x100cm, used in EuropeEuropeanEuropean /�jυərə|�pi�ən/ adjectiverelating to Europe

COMMENT: The term ‘Europe’ has severalmeanings; geographically it refers tocountries from Russia to the Atlantic. Inpublishing terms, it is often used to refer tocountries from Germany and Austria to theAtlantic, and may not include the countriesof Eastern Europe which have separaterights and copyright laws. Finally, indiscussions between British and Americanpublishers, the term ‘Europe’ is used tomean countries in Western Europe, butexcluding the United Kingdom (andsometimes Ireland). This is particularlyrelevant where an American publisherlicenses a British publisher to publish abook in British English, but retains the rightto sell the original American version inEurope outside the UK: in this case, such abook may well legally be sold in the UK, inspite of the British publisher’s exclusivity,because EU regulations encourage the freetrade in goods within the Community.

European article numberEuropean article number/�jυərəpi�ən �ɑ�tk(ə)l �n�mbə/ noun aform of barcode used in Europe. Abbr EANEuropean rightsEuropean rights /�jυərə|�pi�ən �rats/plural noun the right to publish and sell abook in Europe

European UnionEuropean Union /�jυərəpi�ən�ju�niən/ noun the political and economiccommunity of European countries. AbbrEUevaluateevaluate / |�v�ljuet/ verb to assess howgood something is by looking at the way itworksevaluationevaluation / |�v�lju |�eʃ(ə)n/ noun acalculation of valueeven numbereven number /�i�v(ə)n �n�mbə/ noun anumber that can be divided by two to givea whole numbereven pageseven pages /�i�v(ə)n �ped�z/ pluralnoun pages with even numberseven small capseven small caps /�i�v(ə)n smɔ�l�k�ps/, even smalls plural noun smallcaps used for a whole word, without a fullcapital being used for the first letter. Alsocalled level small capseven workingeven working /�i�v(ə)n �w!�kŋ/ nounthe number of printed pages printed in evensections without oddments; usually anumber which can be divided by 16 or 32,but sometimes calculated in multiples of24 or 48. 320 pages is an even working;328 is an uneven working.ex-ex- /eks/ preposition out of or fromexceedexceed /k |�si�d/ verb to be greater than alimit � He exceeded the speed limit.exceptexcept /k|�sept/ preposition, conjunctionnot including � VAT is levied on all goodsand services except books, newspapers andchildren’s clothes. � Sales are rising in allmarkets except the Far East.exceptedexcepted /k|�septd/ adverb notincludingexceptionexception /k|�sepʃən/ noun thingswhich are different and not includedexceptionalexceptional /k |�sepʃən(ə)l/ adjectivenot usual or differentexceptional itemsexceptional items /k|�sepʃən(ə)l�atəmz/ plural noun items in a balancesheet which do not appear there each yearexception dictionaryexception dictionary /k|�sepʃ(ə)n�dkʃən(ə)ri/ noun a store of words whichdo not follow normal rules for hyphenationand have special word break requirements,used for word processing and photocom-positionexception reportexception report /k |�sepʃən r |�pɔ�t/noun a report which only gives items thatdo not fit in the general rule or patternexcerptexcerpt /�eks!�pt/ noun a section orpassage taken from a longer work such asa book, film, musical composition or docu-ment


exchange rate 96exchange rateexchange rate /ks |�tʃend� ret/ nounthe rate at which one currency isexchanged for another. Also called rate ofexchangeexciseexcise /k|�saz/ verb to cut something out� Please excise all references to the agree-ment from the minutes.excise dutyexcise duty /�eksaz �dju�ti/ noun a taxon particular goods produced in a country,e.g. alcoholexclamation markexclamation mark /�eksklə |�meʃ(ə)nmɑ�k/ noun a punctuation mark (!) used toexpress surpriseexcludeexclude /k|�sklu�d/ verb to leave some-thing or somebody out deliberatelyexcludingexcluding /k |�sklu�dŋ/ preposition notincluding � All salesmen, excluding thoseliving in London, can claim expenses forattending the sales conference.exclusionexclusion /k |�sklu��(ə)n/ noun the actof not including something or somebodyexclusion clauseexclusion clause /k |�sklu��(ə)n klɔ�z/noun a clause in an insurance policy orwarranty which says what items are notcovered by the policyexclusiveexclusive /k|�sklu�sv/ adjective �exclusive of not including � All paymentsare exclusive of tax. � The invoice is exclu-sive of VAT. � exclusive right to market aproduct the right to be the only companyto market the product in a particular areaexclusive agentexclusive agent /k|�sklu�sv �ed�ənt/noun an agent who is the only agent for thepublisher’s products in a particular terri-toryexclusive agreementexclusive agreement /k|�sklu�sv ə |

�"ri�mənt/ noun an agreement where acompany is appointed sole agent for aproduct in a marketexclusivityexclusivity /�eksklu�|�svti/ noun theexclusive right to market a product in aparticular area � The contract gives theBritish publisher exclusivity in the UK andCommonwealth..exe.exe /�eksi/ suffix a file extension for aprogram file. Full form executableexecuteexecute /�ekskju�t/ verb to carry out aplan or processexecutionexecution /�eks|�kju�ʃ(ə)n/ noun thecarrying out of an orderexecutiveexecutive /"|�zekjυtv/ noun somebodywho is employed by a company or organi-sation at a senior level � adjective puttingdecisions into action

executive directorexecutive director /" |�zekjυtv da|

�rektə/ noun a director who actually worksfull-time in the companyexecutive powersexecutive powers /"|�zekjυtv�paυəz/ plural noun the right to put deci-sions into action � He was made managingdirector with full executive powers over theEuropean operation.exemplarexemplar /"|�zemplɑ�/ noun a copy of abook or text, especially one from whichfurther copies have originatedexemptexempt /"|�zempt/ adjective to beallowed not to have to perform a duty,service or payment � exempt from tax,tax-exempt not required to pay tax � As anon-profit-making organisation we areexempt from tax. � exempt from VATrelating to goods or services to which VATshould not be applied. � VAT � verb to freesomething from having tax paid on it orfrom having to pay tax � The governmentexempted trusts from tax. � Food isexempted from sales tax.exemptionexemption /"|�zempʃ(ə)n/ noun the actof making something exempt from acontract or from a taxexemption from taxexemption from tax /"|�zempʃ(ə)nfrəm t�ks/ noun same as tax exemptionexerciseexercise /�eksəsaz/ noun a short pieceof work designed to help you learn some-thing � verb to use somethingexhibitexhibit /" |�zbt/ noun an item displayedin a museum, art gallery or court of law �verb to put something in a public place forpeople to look atexhibitionexhibition /�eks|�bʃ(ə)n/ noun a collec-tion of objects displayed in a public placeexhibition roomexhibition room /�eks |�bʃ(ə)nst�nd/, exhibition hall /�eks |�bʃ(ə)nhɔ�l/ noun a place where goods are shownso that buyers can look at them and decidewhat to buyexhibition standexhibition stand /�eks |�bʃ(ə)nst�nd/ noun a separate section of an exhi-bition where a company exhibits its prod-ucts or servicesexhibitorexhibitor /" |�zbtə/ noun a person orcompany whose work is being displayedex librisex libris /�eks �lbri�s/ phrase used onbook plates followed by a name to showwho the owner is (NOTE: From a Latinphrase meaning ‘from the books of’.)exotic typefacesexotic typefaces /"|�zɒtk�tapfesz/ plural noun non-Latin type-faces such as Russian, Arabic, Hebrew orChinese


97 export tradeexpanded polystyreneexpanded polystyrene /�k |�sp�ndd�pɒli |�stari�n/ noun light solid mouldedplastic used for packing � The books weredelivered packed in expanded polystyrenechips.expanded typeexpanded type /k|�sp�ndd �tap/noun computer-generated type which hasbeen made wider than usualexpenditureexpenditure /k|�spendtʃə/ noun thetotal amount of money spent on somethingexpenseexpense /k|�spens/ noun money spentwhile doing something connected withone’s workexpense accountexpense account /k|�spens ə |�kaυnt/noun an arrangement with a company bywhich they pay for necessary workexpensesexpensesexpenses /k|�spensz/ plural nounmoney paid to cover payments made by anindividual while on company businessexpensiveexpensive /k|�spensv/ adjectivecosting a lot of money � PVC binding ismuch more expensive than paper.expertexpert /�eksp!�t/ noun somebody with agreat deal of knowledge, skill or experi-ence in a particular subject or activity �adjective having a great deal of knowledge,skill or experience in a particular subject oractivityexpert charactersexpert characters /�eksp!�t�k�rktəz/ plural noun special and rarely-used characters such as small caps andaccent marks, which are usually found in aseparate font on a PCexpirationexpiration /�ekspə |�reʃ(ə)n/ noun thefact of something coming to an end � expi-ration of a licenceexpireexpire /k|�spaə/ verb to reach the end ofthe period of time for which something isvalidexpiry dateexpiry date /k |�spaəri det/ noun thedate on which something such as a docu-ment, membership or piece of softwareceases to be validexplodeexplode /k |�spləυd/ verb to make apicture of an object such as a car engineshowing the parts inside, each part beingshown separately but in the correct rela-tionship to the restexploitexploit /k |�splɔt/ verb to use somethingto make a profit � The company isexploiting its contacts in the Ministry ofTrade. � We hope to exploit the fullmarketing potential of the children’s bookrange.

exportexport noun /�ekspɔ�t/ the action ofsending goods to a foreign country to besold � the export trade or the export market� verb /k|�spɔ�t/ to convert data from acomputer program into a form suitable fora different program or environmentexportationexportation /�ekspɔ� |�teʃ(ə)n/ noun theact of sending goods to foreign countriesfor saleExport Credit Guarantee DepartmentExport Credit Guarantee Depart-ment /�ekspɔ�t �kredt �"�rən |�ti� d|

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a British governmentdepartment which insures exports sold oncredit. Abbr ECGDexport departmentexport department /�ekspɔ�t d |

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun the section of a companywhich deals in sales to foreign countriesexport dutyexport duty /�ekspɔ�t �dju�ti/ noun atax paid on goods sent out of a country forsaleexport editionexport edition /�ekspɔ�t |�dʃ(ə)n/noun a special edition printed for theexport marketexport houseexport house /�ekspɔ�t haυs/ noun acompany which specialises in the export ofgoods made by other manufacturersexport licenceexport licence /�ekspɔ�t �las(ə)ns/noun a government permit allowing some-thing to be exported � The government hasrefused an export licence for computerparts.export managerexport manager /�ekspɔ�t �m�nd�ə/noun a person in charge of an exportdepartment in a companyexport permitexport permit /�ekspɔ�t �p!�mt/ nounan official document which allows goodsto be exportedexport priceexport price /�ekspɔ�t pras/ noun aspecial price put on a book for the exportmarket, which does not bear any relation tothe catalogue price in the publisher’s homemarketexportsexports /�ekspɔ�ts/ plural noun goodssent to a foreign country to be sold �Exports to Africa have increased by 25%.export salesexport sales /�ekspɔ�t selz/ pluralnoun sales outside the country where acompany is basedexport termsexport terms /�ekspɔ�t t!�mz/ pluralnoun special terms offered to booksellerswho are buying for export, or to book-sellers in other countries, usually a longercredit period, and also a higher discountexport tradeexport trade /�ekspɔ�t tred/ noun thebusiness of selling to other countries


expose 98exposeexpose /k|�spəυz/ verb to allow light tofall on a photographic film for a particularamount of time � I accidentally exposedthe film as I was taking it out of the camera.exposureexposure /k |�spəυ�ə/ noun 1. the act ofallowing light-sensitive film to be exposedto light � You need a very short exposure inbright light. 2. the amount of time a photo-graphic film is exposed to lightexposure meterexposure meter /k |�spəυ�ə �mi�tə/noun an instrument which calculates howmuch time a film should be exposedexpressexpress /k|�spres/ verb to state what youthink or feel � adjective 1. rapid or veryfast � express letter � express delivery 2.clearly shown in words � The contract hasan express condition forbidding sale inAfrica.expressed folioexpressed folio /k |�sprest �fəυliəυ/noun a page number which is printed, asopposed to a blind folioexpresslyexpressly /k|�spresli/ adverb clearly inwords � The contract expressly forbidsalterations to the text without the approvalof the author.expurgated editionexpurgated edition /�ekspə"etd |

�dʃ(ə)n/ noun an edition of a book that hashad parts removed which are judged to beoffensiveexpurgationexpurgation /�eksp!� |�"eʃ(ə)n/ nounthe cutting of offensive material from a textextended creditextended credit /k|�stendd �kredt/noun credit on very long repayment termsextended deliveryextended delivery /k |�stendd d|

�lv(ə)ri/ noun the act of lengthening thetime taken for a printing machine to deliverthe printed sheet, so that ink will have timeto dry before the next sheet is deliveredextended graphics arrayextended graphics array /k |�stendd�"r�fks ə|�re/ noun full form of XGAextenderextender /k |�stendə/ noun 1. anascender or descender 2. a substance addedto ink to make it less opaque

extensiveextensive /k |�stensv/ adjective verylarge or covering a wide area � an exten-sive network of sales outletsextentextent /k|�stent/ noun the number ofpages in a book � You need to put the extentand trimmed page size into the catalogue.� If you don’t know the extent of the bookyet, how can you order the paper for it?external tradeexternal trade /k|�st!�n(ə)l �tred/noun same as foreign tradeextraextra /�ekstrə/ adjective, adverb addi-tional or more than usual � There is noextra charge for corrections. � They charge10% extra for postage. � He had £25 extrapay for working on Sunday. � Service isextra.extra bound bookextra bound book /�ekstrə baυnd�bυk/ noun a book that is specially boundand finished by handextractextract noun /�ekstr�kt/ a small part ofa piece of writing or music which is printedor played separately � verb /k |�str�kt/ totake something out with difficulty

COMMENT: Long extracts quoted in a textare often set indented, and in a smaller sizethan the text matter.

extranetextranet /�ekstrənet/ noun an extensionof the intranet of a company or organisa-tion, giving authorised outsiders controlledaccess to the intranetExtraordinary General MeetingExtraordinary General Meeting /k|

�strɔ�d(ə)n(ə)ri �d�en(ə)rəl �mi�tŋ/ nouna special meeting of shareholders todiscuss an important matter. Abbr EGMextrasextras /�ekstrəz/ plural noun items thatare not included in a price � Packing andpostage are extras.eyeballseyeballs /�abɔ�lz/ plural noun a measureof the number of visits made to a website(informal)e-zinee-zine /�i� zi�n/ noun a website withcontents and layout modelled on a printmagazine


Ffaceface /fes/ noun 1. the part of a metalcharacter which prints � The face standsabove the beard. 2. the typeface or distinc-tively designed style of a character � Timesand Helvetica are the two faces used forthe text of this book. 3. the front cover of abook � to display a book face out to put abook on a bookshop shelf with the frontcover outwards. Compare to display abook spine out 4. the side of a film orprinted page � verb to be opposite anotherpagefacilitiesfacilities /fə|�sltiz/ plural noun equip-ment or buildings which make it easy to dosomething � We have storage facilities for60,000 books. � Transport facilities areprovided by the Fair organisers. � Thereare no facilities for unloading.facing editorialfacing editorial /�fesŋ �ed |�tɔ�riəl/noun advertising space opposite editorialmatter, charged at a higher rate than normaladvertising spacefacing pagesfacing pages /�fesŋ �ped�z/ pluralnoun the two pages that are visible when abook is openfacsimilefacsimile /f�k |�smli/ noun an exactcopy of an originalfacsimile character generatorfacsimile character generator /f�k |

�smli �k�rktə �d�enəretə/ noun ameans of displaying characters on acomputer screen by copying prepro-grammed images from memoryfacsimile copyfacsimile copy /f�k|�smli �kɒpi/ nounan exact copy of a documentfacsimile editionfacsimile edition /f�k |�smli |

�dʃ(ə)n/ noun a book or print that isreprinted in exactly the same style as anearlier edition, often being a photographicreproduction of the originalfact-findingfact-finding /�f�kt �fandŋ/ adjectiveintended to find out information aboutsomething � noun activity that is intendedto find out information about something

factorfactor /�f�ktə/ noun one aspect whichaffects an event, situation or decision �verb to buy debts from a company at adiscountfactors of productionfactors of production /�f�ktəz əvprə|�d�kʃən/ plural noun the things neededto produce a product, which are land,labour and capitalfactoryfactory /�f�kt(ə)ri/ noun a buildingwhere products are manufactured �binding factory � paper factoryfactory handfactory hand /�f�kt(ə)ri h�nd/ noun aperson who works in a factoryfactory inspectorfactory inspector /�f�kt(ə)ri n |

�spektə/ noun same as inspector of facto-riesfactory pricefactory price /�f�kt(ə)ri pras/ noun aprice for a product not including transportfrom the maker’s factory. Also called priceex factoryfactotum initialfactotum initial /f�k|�təυtəm |�nʃ(ə)l/noun a decorative square block, into whichthe initial letter of a paragraph is droppedfadefade /fed/ verb to lose colour � The covermaterial has faded. � For a guidebook youneed a cloth binding which will not fade.fade-outfade-out /�fed aυt/ noun a defect inprinting, where the image becomes faintfade-out bluefade-out blue /�fed aυt �blu�/ noun ablue used to mark CRC, which does notshow up on filmfade-out halftonefade-out halftone /�fed aυt�hɑ�ftəυn/ noun US a halftone imagewhich fades into the background at theedges (NOTE: The UK term is vignette.)fair commentfair comment /�feə �kɒment/ noun acriticism which is acceptable, and is notlikely to be libellousfair copyfair copy /�feə �kɒpi/ noun the finalversion of work which has no mistakesfair dealfair deal /�feə �di�l/ noun an arrangementwhere both parties are treated equally


fair dealing 100fair dealingfair dealing /�feə �di�lŋ/ noun permis-sion granted in the Copyright Acts, whichallows photocopies of copyright works tobe made for personal use and for privatestudy, but not large numbers of copies forsale, or made by a teacher for the use of aclass of studentsfair pricefair price /�feə �pras/ noun a good pricefor both buyer and sellerfair tradefair trade /�feə �tred/ noun an interna-tional business system where countriesagree not to charge import duties on partic-ular items imported from their trading part-nersfair usefair use /�feə �ju�s/ noun use which canlegally be made of a quotation from acopyright text without the permission ofthe copyright holderfakefake /fek/ noun 1. something or some-body who is not what they pretend to be 2.a false, and usually worthless, copy � verbto make an imitation for criminal purposes� a faked import licencefake processfake process /�fek �prəυses/ nouncolour separation done by the designerwho makes individual overlays by hand foreach of the coloursfakingfaking /�fekŋ/ noun the act of putting inextra leading to make a page or columnlongerfallfall /fɔ�l/ noun a drop or decrease in value� a fall in the exchange rate � a sudden fallin sales in the home market � verb 1. todrop to a lower price or lower figure �Borrowing from libraries fell for the firsttime. � His royalties have fallen from$10,000 a year to $200. � The pound fellagainst other European currencies. 2. tohappen or take place � The public holidayfalls on a Tuesday. � payments which falldue payments which are now due to bemadefall awayfall away /�fɔ�l ə|�we/, fall off /�fɔ�l �ɒf/verb to become lower or less � Sales havefallen away since we increased our prices.fall outfall out /�fɔ�l �aυt/ verb � the bottom hasfallen out of the market sales have fallenbelow what previously seemed to be theirlowest pointfall throughfall through /�fɔ�l �θru�/ verb to fail tohappen or take place � The sale fellthrough at the last moment.falsefalse /fɔ�ls/ adjective not correct or basedon wrong informationfalse bandsfalse bands /�fɔ�ls �b�ndz/ plural nouna strip of decorated leather or string glued

to the top of the spine of the book blockbefore the cover is put onfalsificationfalsification /�fɔ�lsf |�keʃ(ə)n/ nounthe making of false entries in accountsfalsifyfalsify /�fɔ�lsfa/ verb to change infor-mation so that it is no longer true or accu-ratefamilyfamily /�f�m(ə)li/ noun 1. a group of allthe characters belonging to the same type-face, including all the different fonts 2. agroup of related things such as plants,animals or languages, used as the basis ofclassificationfancy typefancy type /�f�nsi tap/ noun strange ordecorative typefaces, which are used fordisplay or posters, but not usually for textf. & c.f. & c. abbreviation folded and collatedf. & g.f. & g. abbreviation folded and gatheredfanfoldfanfold /�f�nfəυld/ noun same as accor-dion foldFAQFAQ /f�k, �ef e �kju�/ abbreviationfrequently asked questionsfarm outfarm out /�fɑ�m �aυt/ verb � to farm outwork to hand over work to another personor company to do for you � She farms outthe editorial work to various freelancers.fasciclefascicle /�f�skk(ə)l/, fascicule noun anunbound section of a book published ininstalments as a volume or pamphlet(NOTE: The word fascicle is used of learnedbooks, such as dictionaries or criticaleditions, etc. Popular books published inthe same way are known as partworks.)fashion boardsfashion boards /�f�ʃ(ə)n bɔ�dz/ pluralnoun boards with cartridge paper on oneside and thin paper on the other, used formaking artwork for blocksfashion platefashion plate /�f�ʃ(ə)n plet/ noun acolour plate of a model wearing fashion-able clothingfastnessfastness /�fɑ�stnəs/ noun ability of acolour not to fadefast-selling itemfast-selling item /�fɑ�st �selŋ �atəm/plural noun an item that sells quicklyfatfat /f�t/ adjective round or largefat facefat face /�f�t fes/, fat type noun a type-face with very thin serifs and very widestrokes, used in the 19th century for postersand other display workfat matterfat matter /�f�t �m�tə/ noun copywhich is easy to set, e.g. copy with lots ofwhite spaces (NOTE: The opposite is leanmatter.)faultfault /fɔ�lt/ noun a weakness or imperfec-tion in something


101 fieldfault tolerancefault tolerance /�fɔ�lt �tɒlərəns/ nounthe ability of a computer or network topreserve the integrity of data during amalfunctionfaultyfaulty /�fɔ�lti/ adjective not workingproperlyfaxfax /f�ks/ noun an exact copy of a docu-ment sent electronically to a distantreceiver using the telephone network �verb to send an exact copy of a documentusing the telephone networkfax gatewayfax gateway /�f�ks �"etwe/ noun acomputer or piece of software that allowsusers to send e-mail or other information asa fax transmission to a remote fax machinefeasibilityfeasibility /�fi�zə |�blti/ noun ability tobe done � to report on the feasibility of aprojectfeasibility reportfeasibility report /�fi�zə |�blti r|�pɔ�t/noun a report saying whether somethingcan be donefeatheringfeathering /�feðərŋ/ noun 1. blurred inkcaused by a fault in the paper, usually lackof sizing 2. the act of putting extra leadingin phototypesetting, so as to make the typearea of a page longerfeatherweightfeatherweight /�feðəwet/ noun a verylight weightfeatherweight antiquefeatherweight antique /�feðəwet �n|

�ti�k/ noun light, very thick paper,formerly used for children’s books (NOTE:The US term is high-bulk antique.)featurefeature /�fi�tʃə/ noun 1. a special charac-teristic of something 2. a special article ina newspaper, magazine or broadcastprogramme � verb to promote somethingspecially in a newspaper articlefeatures editorfeatures editor /�fi�tʃəz �edtə/ nounan editor at a newspaper or magazine whois in charge of features-fed-fed /fed/ suffix meaning ‘using a partic-ular type of paper’feefee /fi�/ noun money paid for a servicefeedfeed /fi�d/ noun a device that puts paperinto a printer or into a photocopier � Thepaper feed has jammed. � verb 1. to putpaper into a machine � The paper is fed inat one end of the printing line. � -fed 2. toput information into a computerfeedbackfeedback /�fi�db�k/ noun commentsfrom users or customers about what hasbeen proposed or donefeed edgefeed edge /�fi�d ed�/ noun the edge of asheet of paper which is held by the grippersand goes into the press first

feederfeeder /�fi�də/ noun a device which feedssheets of paper into a printing machinefeed holesfeed holes /�fi�d həυlz/ plural nounholes at the beginning of a paper tapewhich lead the tape into the readerfeed rollerfeed roller /�fi�d �rəυlə/ noun a rollerwhich takes the web of paper into theprinting machinefeintfeint /fent/, feint rules noun very lightlines running across writing paper and thepaper in account booksfeltfelt /felt/ noun a revolving loop of softmaterial which carries the paper throughthe papermaking processes � verb tobecome interwoven like felt

COMMENT: Felt mats are used in makingpaper by hand: each damp sheet is placedon a mat, then another mat is placed on topof it, and another sheet of paper, making apile of sheets and mats which is pressed toextract water.

felt finishfelt finish /�felt �fnʃ/ noun a smoothfinish on the top side of paperfelt sidefelt side /�felt sad/ noun the smooth topside of paper, as opposed to the wire sidewhich may show the marks of the wiremeshfenchel testerfenchel tester /�fentʃ(ə)l �testə/ nouna device for comparing the stability of twopapers, when both are wetfestoon dryerfestoon dryer /fe|�stu�n �draə/ noun amethod of drying paper by hanging it inloops over hot pipesfestschriftfestschrift /�festʃrft/ noun a volume ofwritings by various people collected inhonour of somebody such as a writer orscholarfibrefibre /�fabə/ noun a solid thread-like partof wood or rag, which is retained in thepulp and in the finished paper

COMMENT: The fibres in wood or cotton ragare cellulose, and this is what gives paperits strength. Paper fibres lie in the directionof the movement of the web through thepapermaking machine: this is known as thegrain.

fibre opticsfibre optics /�fabə �ɒptks/ plural nounthin strands of glass that transmit light andimages, sometimes used in phototypeset-tersfictionfiction /�fkʃən/ noun stories about imag-inary people and eventsfictitiousfictitious /fk|�tʃəs/ adjective false orwhich do not exist � The author claims allthe characters in her novel are fictitious.fieldfield /fi�ld/ noun a section containingindividual data in a record, e.g. a person’sname or address


field sales manager 102field sales managerfield sales manager /fi�ld �selz�m�nd�ə/ noun the manager in charge ofa group of salespeoplefieldworkfieldwork /�fi�ldw!�k/ noun 1. the gath-ering of information about a subject bycarrying out a direct investigation ratherthan reading or talking about it 2. an exam-ination of the situation among possiblecustomers � He had to do a lot of fieldworkto find the right market for the product.figurefigure /�f"ə/ noun a printed andnumbered line illustration, map or chart ina document � See figure 10 for an illustra-tion of the inside of the brain.figure numberfigure number /�f"ə �n�mbə/ noun anumber which refers to a text illustration �The figure numbers are printed in bold.figuresfigures /�f"əz/ plural noun writtennumbers, especially Arabic numbersfilefile /fal/ noun 1. a cardboard holder forpapers which can fit in the drawer of afiling cabinet 2. a collection of informationabout a particular person or thing � toplace something on file to keep a record ofsomething 3. (in computing) a set of stored,related data with its own name � verb 1. tosend in copy for a newspaper article � Hefiled a report yesterday on the revolution.2. to make an official request 3. to registersomething officially � to file an applica-tion for a patent � to file a return to the taxofficefile copyfile copy /�fal �kɒpi/ noun a copy of adocument which is kept for reference in anoffice, or a copy of a published book keptin the library of the publisherfile extensionfile extension /�fal k |�stenʃən/ noun aset of characters following the dot after thename of a computer file, identifying thefile typefile headerfile header /�fal �hedə/ noun informa-tion about a file stored at the beginning ofthe filefile lengthfile length /�fal leŋθ/ noun the numberof characters or bytes in a stored filefile managerfile manager /�fal �m�nd�ə/ noun acomputer program that arranges andmanipulates files and directoriesfilenamefilename /�falnem/ noun a set of char-acters, sometimes restricted in number,serving as an identifying title for acomputer file and often including a fileextensionfile transfer protocolfile transfer protocol /�fal �tr�nsf!��prəυtəkɒl/ noun a TCP/IP standard for

transferring files between computers. AbbrFTPfilingfiling /�falŋ/ noun the process of puttingthings in order according to a set systemfillfill /fl/ verb 1. to make something full �We have filled our order book with ordersfor Africa. � The production departmenthas filled the warehouse with unsellableproducts. 2. � to fill a gap to provide aproduct or service which is needed, butwhich no one has provided before � Thenew range of small handbooks fills a gap inthe market.fillerfiller /�flə/ noun 1. something which fillsa space, e.g. a small news item or a freeadvertisement in a newspaper 2. asubstance added to paper pulp to improvethe opacity. � loadingfilletfillet /�flt/ noun a thin decorative lineimpressed onto the cover of a book, or thetool used to make itfill-infill-in /�fl n/ noun thin card used forfilling infilling infilling in /�flŋ �n/ noun 1. a printingfault where the ink runs and fills up thecounters of round letters such as ‘g’ or ‘b’,or where it fills in the spaces between half-tone dots 2. the process of sticking a thinlayer of card onto boards after the leatherhas been put on in quarter or half binding,to make the surface levelfilmfilm /flm/ noun 1. a strip of light-sensitivematerial used in a camera to take photo-graphs 2. a story or event recorded on filmto be shown in the cinema or on television3. a very thin layer of powder or grease �verb to expose a photographic film to lightby means of a camera, and so produceimages; to photograph bromides to make afilm for printing � The camera-ready copyhas gone away for filming.film advancefilm advance /�flm əd|�vɑ�ns/, filmfeed noun movement forward of a roll offilm in a phototypesetter as it leaves spacesbetween lines of setting and between pagesfilm assemblyfilm assembly /�flm ə |�sembli/, filmmake-up noun the process of puttingpieces of film in the correct places formaking platesfilm laminatefilm laminate /�flm �l�mnət/ nounvery thin plastic film attached to the coveror jacket of a book for protectionfilm mechanical

film mechanical /�flm m|�k�nk(ə)l/noun camera-ready copy in the form offilm


103 fine rulefilm processing laboratoryfilm processing laboratory /�flm�prəυsesŋ lə|�bɒrət(ə)ri/ noun a labora-tory where exposed film is developed andfixed as negativefilm processorfilm processor /�flm �prəυsesə/ nouna machine which processes film automati-callyfilm rightsfilm rights /�flm rats/ plural noun theright to make a film based on a publishedbook � The publisher keeps the film and TVrights. � Film rights were sold for $1million. Also called motion picture rightsfilm scriptfilm script /�flm skrpt/ noun the text ofa film, with the dialogue for the actors andthe instructions for the directorfilmsetfilmset /�flmset/ verb to set text using aphototypesetterfilmsettingfilmsetting /�flm|�setŋ/ noun photo-composition or phototypesettingfilm studiofilm studio /�flm �stju�diəυ/ noun aplace where films are shot or where aphotographer takes photographs. Alsocalled photographer’s studiofilm-wrappingfilm-wrapping /�flm �r�pŋ/ noun thewrapping of a book in a thin plastic sheetfilterfilter /�fltə/ noun a sheet of colouredglass or plastic, which stops certainfrequencies of light and is used to makecolour separationsfinal correctionsfinal corrections /�fan(ə)l kə|

�rekʃ(ə)nz/ noun the last set of revisionsmade to a piece of typeset text by the editorbefore it is signed offfinal demandfinal demand /�fan(ə)l d|�mɑ�nd/noun the last reminder from a supplier,after which he or she will sue for paymentfinal dischargefinal discharge /�fan(ə)l ds |�tʃɑ�d�/noun the last payment of what is left of adebtfinal draftfinal draft /�fan(ə)l �drɑ�ft/ noun acorrected and edited copy sent for settingfinal filmfinal film /�fan(ə)l �flm/ noun filmready for plate-makingfinalisefinalise /�fanəlaz/, finalize verb toagree final details � We hope to finalise theagreement tomorrow. � After six weeks ofnegotiations the loan was finalisedyesterday.final productfinal product /�fan(ə)l �prɒd�kt/ nouna manufactured product, made at the end ofa production processfinal prooffinal proof /�fan(ə)l �pru�f/ noun USthe last proof before passing for pressfinancefinance /�fan�ns/ noun money neededto pay for a project � verb to provide themoney for a project

finance departmentfinance department /�fan�ns d|

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun the people in an organi-sation who manage the accountsfinancesfinances /�fan�nsz/ plural nounmoney or cash which is available � Thebad state of the company’s finances.financialfinancial /fa|�n�nʃəl/ adjective relatingto or involving money � the financialpress business newspapers and magazinesfinancial adviserfinancial adviser /fa |�n�nʃəl əd|

�vazə/ noun a person or company whichgives advice on financial problems for afeefinancial assistancefinancial assistance /fa |�n�nʃəl ə |

�sstəns/ noun help in the form of moneyfinancial correspondentfinancial correspondent /fa |�n�nʃəl�kɒrs|�pɒndənt/ noun a journalist whowrites articles on money matters for anewspaperfinancial resourcesfinancial resources /fa |�n�nʃəl r |

�zɔ�sz/ plural noun money that is availablefor investmentfinancial yearfinancial year /fa |�n�nʃəl �jə/ noun aperiod of twelve months which can start atany point within the calendar year, used formanaging the budgets of an organisationand assessing profit and loss � The univer-sity’s financial year runs from 31st July to1st August in the next year.financingfinancing /�fan�nsŋ/ noun the act ofproviding money � The financing of theproject was done by two internationalbanks.findfind /fand/ verb 1. to get somethingwhich was not there before � to findbacking for a project 2. to make a legaldecision in court � The tribunal found thatboth parties were at fault.finefine /fan/ noun an amount of money thathas to be paid as a penalty � adjective 1.referring to paper with a smooth surface 2.referring to a screen with narrow spacesbetween the lines � compare coarse �adverb very thin or very small � We arecutting our margins very fine.fine etchingfine etching /�fan �etʃŋ/ noun theetching of dots on a halftone plate to makethem sharperfine grainfine grain /�fan "ren/ noun very smallgrain on a photograph allowing delicatelines and sharp edgesfine paperfine paper /�fan �pepə/ noun good-quality paper used for printing halftones orfor writingfine rulefine rule /�fan ru�l/ noun a very thinprinted line


fines 104finesfines /fanz/ plural noun defects in paper,where the fibres have become stucktogether in lumpsfine screenfine screen /�fan �skri�n/ noun a screenwith very small dots, making good-qualityhalftonesfinialfinial /�fanəl/ noun a decorative curvedend to part of a letter which ends in a hooksuch as a ‘c’finishfinish /�fnʃ/ noun the final appearanceof something, especially the surface givento paper by rolling, coating or embossing �paper with a smooth finish � The cover hasan attractive finish. � verb 1. to do or makesomething completely � The order wasfinished in time. � She finished the testbefore all the other candidates. 2. to carryout the last part of the book productionprocess � The book is finished in a dark redbinding.finishedfinished /�fnʃt/ adjective having beencompletedfinished documentfinished document /�fnʃt�dɒkjυmənt/ noun a document which istyped, and is ready to be printedfinished goodsfinished goods /�fnʃt �"υdz/ pluralnoun manufactured goods which are readyto be soldfinished roughfinished rough /�fnʃt �r�f/ nounartwork which is prepared for a presenta-tion to show what the finished product willlook likefinishingfinishing /�fnʃŋ/ noun 1. the processof folding, gathering, stitching and bindingthe pages of a book after they have beenprinted 2. the final part of the handbindingprocess, including lettering and tooling thecoversfinishing machinefinishing machine /�fnʃŋ mə |�ʃi�n/noun a machine which does any part of thebook finishing process, e.g. stitching,bindingfirewallfirewall /�faəwɔ�l/ noun a piece ofcomputer software intended to preventunauthorised access to system software ordatafirmfirm /f!�m/ noun a business, company orpartnership � a manufacturing firm � animportant publishing firm � He is a partnerin a law firm. � adjective 1. not possible tochange � to make a firm offer for some-thing 2. referring to goods such as bookswhich cannot be returned if unsold 3. notdropping in price, and possibly going torise � Paper prices are firmer than lastyear. � verb to remain at a price and seem

likely to go up � Paper has firmed at $25 atonne.firm orderfirm order /�f!�m �ɔ�də/ noun an orderfor something such as paper or bookswhich is at an agreed price and on agreedpayment termsfirm pricefirm price /�f!�m �pras/ noun a pricewhich will not changefirm upfirm up /�f!�m ��p/ verb to agree the finaldetails of something � We expect to firm upthe deal at the London Book Fair.firstfirst /f!�st/ noun a person or thing whichis there at the beginning or earlier thanothers � Our company was one of the firstto sell into the European market. � first inthe field the first company to bring out aproduct or to start a serviceFirst AmendmentFirst Amendment /�f!�st ə |

�men(d)mənt/ noun the amendment to theUS Constitution which guaranteesfreedom of speech, of the press, of religion,etc.first-classfirst-class /�f!�st �klɑ�s/ adjective 1. ofthe highest or best quality 2. of the bestlevel of service, e.g. in mail or travelfirst colourfirst colour /�f!�st �k�lə/ noun the firstof the colours to be printed in four-colourprintingfirst editionfirst edition /�f!�st |�dʃ(ə)n/ noun oneof the first number of copies printed fromthe same type at the same timefirst half-yearfirst half-year /�f!�st hɑ�f �jə/ noun thefirst six months of a company’s accountingyearfirst impressionfirst impression /�f!�st m|�preʃ(ə)n/noun the first printing of a bookfirst optionfirst option /�f!�st �opʃən/ noun anoption giving the buyer first refusal on therights for a bookfirst proofsfirst proofs /�f!�st �pru�fs/ plural nounthe first proofs of a book from the printer,usually galley proofs � The book is in firstproof stage. � The first proofs have justcome in from the printer.first quarterfirst quarter /�f!�st �kwɔ�tə/ noun aperiod of three months from January to theend of Marchfirst revisefirst revise /�f!�st r|�vaz/ noun a proofwith corrections made to the first proofsfirst serial rightsfirst serial rights /�f!�st �səriəl �rats/plural noun the right to publish sections ofa book in a magazine or newspaper beforethe book itself is publishedfiscal yearfiscal year /�fskəl �jə/ noun thetwelve-month period on which taxes are


105 flatbed transmitter

calculated, 6 April to 5 April of thefollowing year in the UKfistfist /fst/ noun a printing sign like a blackhand, used to show a cross-referencefitfit /ft/ noun the space between typesetcharacters; the alignment of text andimages on the pagefixfix /fks/ verb 1. to arrange or agree some-thing � We have to fix our promotionbudget for the spring titles. � Can we fix ameeting for 3 pm? � The publication datehas still to be fixed. 2. to arrange somethingpermanently 3. to mend something � Thetechnicians are coming to fix the telephoneswitchboard. � Can you fix the photo-copier? 4. to treat a photograph with chem-icals so that the image is kept permanentlyon filmfixativefixative /�fksətv/ noun 1. a chemicalused to fix photographs 2. a spray varnishput on drawings or paintings, so as topreserve the colours or prevent damagefrom dirtfixed assetsfixed assets /�fkst ��sets/ plural nounproperty or machinery which a companyowns and uses, but which the companydoes not buy or sell as part of its regulartrade, including the company’s invest-ments in shares of other companiesfixed backfixed back /�fkst b�k/ noun a coverthat is glued to the back of the pages of abookfixed capitalfixed capital /�fkst �k�pt(ə)l/ nouncapital in the form of buildings andmachineryfixed costsfixed costs /�fkst �kɒsts/ plural nounbusiness costs which do not rise with thequantity of the product madefixed expensesfixed expenses /�fkst k |�spensz/plural noun money which is spent regularlysuch as rent, electricity and telephone billsfixed positionfixed position /fkst pə |�zʃ(ə)n/ noun aposition for an advertisement which isalways in the same place in a newspaper ormagazinefixed ratefixed rate /�fkst �ret/ noun a chargewhich cannot be changedfixed spacefixed space /�fkst �spes/ noun thespace between characters or words whichis always the same and cannot be changedwhen the line is justifiedfixing bathfixing bath /�fksŋ bɑ�θ/ noun a bath inwhich developed negatives are fixedflagflag /fl�"/ verb to use a computer code tomark a record as part of a subset � noun 1.

a mark which is attached to information ina computer so that the information can befound easily 2. a tag attached to a sheet ofpaper to mark a special section of text or toa web of paper to mark where there is afault or where a joint has been made 3. thename of a newspaper or magazine, printedin a special style to identify the papereasilyflagshipflagship /�fl�"ʃp/, flagship title nounthe most important or profitable publica-tion published by a groupflapflap /fl�p/ noun either of the two parts ofa dust jacket that fold inside a book’s coverand are usually printed with informationabout the book or authorflashflash /fl�ʃ/ noun the addition of light inexposing a halftone, so as to make the dotson the picture strongerflatflat /fl�t/ adjective 1. not folded or bent 2.fixed or not changing 3. dull or with notenough contrast � The colours in the platesare flat. � noun a series of CRC pagesstuck down ready for filming; imposednegatives positioned in holes on a sheetready for plate-makingflat backflat back /�fl�t b�k/ noun the spine of abook which is flat and not curved orroundedflatbedflatbed /�fl�tbed/ noun a printing orscanning machine that holds the paper orimage on a flat surface while printing orprocessing � Scanners are either flatbedmodels or platen type, paper-fed models.flatbed cylinder pressflatbed cylinder press /�fl�tbed�slndə �pres/ noun same as cylinderpressflatbed plotterflatbed plotter /�fl�tbed �plɒtə/ noun amovable pen that draws diagrams underthe control of a computer on a flat piece ofpaperflatbed pressflatbed press /�fl�tbed pres/ noun amechanical printing machine where theprinting plate lies flat on the bed of themachine, while the inking rollers and thenthe impression cylinder with the paper arerolled over itflatbed scannerflatbed scanner /�fl�tbed �sk�nə/noun a scanner which scans a text ordrawing that is lying flat � Paper cannot berolled through flatbed scanners.flatbed transmitterflatbed transmitter /�fl�tbed tr�nz |

�mtə/ noun a device that keeps a docu-ment flat while it is being scanned beforebeing transmitted by facsimile means


flat out 106flat outflat out /�fl�t �aυt/ adverb working hardor at full speed � The factory worked flatout to complete the order on time.flat planflat plan /�fl�t pl�n/ noun a plan of thesheets of a book or magazine, showing howcolour sections, editorial matter and adver-tising pages are organisedflat-planningflat-planning /�fl�t �pl�nŋ/ noun theorganising of flat plansflat rateflat rate /�fl�t �ret/ noun a fixed chargeor payment which is the same for everyone� a flat-rate increase of 10% on allprinting costs � We pay a flat rate for type-setting of £10 per page. � The keyboardersare paid a flat rate of £2 per thousand.flat sheetsflat sheets /�fl�t ʃi�ts/ plural nounprinted sheets of paper which are kept flat,and will be folded when it is necessary tobind themflat sheet stockflat sheet stock /�fl�t ʃi�t �stɒk/ nouna stock of printed sheets, stored flatflat-stitchingflat-stitching /�fl�t �sttʃŋ/ noun amethod of sewing sections of a book,where the thread is passed through the sideof the section near the foldflat strawflat straw /�fl�t strɔ�/ noun a type ofpaper used for making cigarette papersflat-wrappingflat-wrapping /�fl�t �r�pŋ/ noun theact of wrapping a magazine flat in a plasticenvelope for sending through the postfleuronfleuron /�fl!�rɒn/ noun a type of printedornament shaped like a little flower. �

flowersflexiback bindingflexiback binding /�fleksb�k�bandŋ/ noun binding in which a specialfabric or paper lining reinforces the spineflexibilityflexibility /�fleks |�blti/ noun the abilityto adapt to various situations or conditionsflexibleflexible /�fleksb(ə)l/ adjective 1. nothard or brittle, able to bend 2. able to bealtered or changedflexible bindingflexible binding /�fleksb(ə)l �bandŋ/noun binding in which the cover adheresclosely to the spine, which allows the spineto bend inwards so that the book will openflatflexible sewingflexible sewing /�fleksb(ə)l �səυŋ/noun the act of sewing sections roundcords or tapes, leaving a hollow in thespine to allow the book to open easilyflexichromeflexichrome /�fleksikrəυm/ noun aphotograph which has been coloured byhandflexitimeflexitime /�fleksitam/ noun a systemwhere employees can start or stop work atdifferent hours of the morning or evening,

provided that they work a certain numberof hours per day or week � The companyintroduced flexitime working two yearsago.flexographyflexography /�flek�sɒ"rəfi/, flexo-graphic printing noun a type of reliefprinting, using flexible rubber or plasticplates on a web press, popular in particularfor printing packaging materialsflierflier /�flaə/ noun a small advertisingleaflet designed to encourage customers toask for more informationflimsyflimsy /�flmzi/ noun very thin paper formaking copies or layoutsflip chartflip chart /�flp tʃɑ�t/ noun a way ofshowing information to a group of peopleby writing on large sheets of paper whichcan then be turned over to show the nextsheetfloating accentfloating accent /�fləυtŋ ��ksənt/noun an accent which is not fixed aboveany particular character, and can be typedabove any character after backspacingflongflong /flɒŋ/ noun a papier-mâché sheetused for making moulds for casting stereoplatesfloorfloor /flɔ�/ noun the lowest level of bids atan auction for rights in a book, establishedby the first bidders and rejected by theseller, but used as a basis for further bidsfloor displayfloor display /�flɔ� d |�sple/ noun a rackfor displaying books which stands on thefloor and not on a counterfloor spacefloor space /�flɔ� spes/ noun the area offloor in an shop, office or warehouse � Wehave 3,500 square metres of floor space tolet.flopflop /flɒp/ noun a failure � The new novelwas a flop. � verb 1. to fail to be a success� The launch of the paperback seriesflopped badly. 2. to turn a film to give amirror image, not the same as reversefloppedflopped /flɒpt/ adjective same as wrong-readingfloppyfloppy /�flɒpi/, floppy disk /�flɒpi �dsk/noun a small disk for storing computerinformation � The data is on 3 1/2 inchfloppies.floriationfloriation /�flɒri |�eʃ(ə)n/ noun tooleddecoration on leather binding, in the formof little flowersflourishflourish /�fl�rʃ/ noun a decorativecurling line, attached to a normal character� The foot of the upper case L ends in aflourish. � verb to be prosperous or to do


107 folding cylinders

well in business � The company is flour-ishing. � Trade with Nigeria flourished.flourishingflourishing /�fl�rʃŋ/ adjective profit-able � He runs a flourishing bookremainder business.flowflow /fləυ/ noun movement � the flow ofpaper into the web press � The flow of inkover the rollers. � verb to move smoothly �Production is now flowing normally afterthe strike.flow boxflow box /�fləυ bɒks/ noun same asheadboxflowchartflowchart /�fləυtʃɑ�t/, flow diagram/�fləυ �daə"r�m/ noun a diagramshowing the sequence of steps in a processflowersflowers /�flaυəz/ plural noun littlestandard ornaments, shaped like leaves orflowers, used by designers to createdesignsflufffluff /fl�f/ noun fibre dust which collectson the surface of paper, or inside lineprintersfluffingfluffing /�fl�fŋ/ noun the formation ofloose fibres of fluff on the surface of paper,especially found on soft paperfluorescentfluorescent /flυə|�res(ə)nt/ adjectiveshining with a white glow, such as asubstance added to paper stock to makevery white paperflushflush /fl�ʃ/ adjective, adverb cut with theedge level with the cover � books with aflush edge � The books are cut flush. � Thecovers are trimmed flush with the pages.flush and hangflush and hang /�fl�ʃ ən �h�ŋ/ nounUS a setting where the first line of a para-graph is flush with the left margin and therest of the paragraph is indentedflush coverflush cover /�fl�ʃ �k�və/, flush bindingnoun a cover which has been trimmed sothat its edges do not stand out beyond thetrimmed pagesflush leftflush left /�fl�ʃ �left/ verb US same asrange leftflush paragraphflush paragraph /�fl�ʃ �p�rə"rɑ�f/noun a paragraph with no indentation orwhere the first line is not indented, with awhite line added between paragraphs todivide them more clearlyflush rightflush right /�fl�ʃ �rat/ verb US same asrange rightflying pasterflying paster /�flaŋ �pestə/ noun adevice on a rotary printing press, whichchanges the reel of paper automaticallywhen it comes to an end. Also called auto-matic paster, automatic reel change,autopaster

flyleafflyleaf /�flali�f/ noun an endpaper in abookFM screeningFM screening /�ef �em �skri�nŋ/ nounsame as stochastic screeningFOBFOB /�efəυ|�bi�/, f.o.b. abbreviation freeon boardfocal lengthfocal length /�fəυk(ə)l leŋθ/ noun thedistance between the centre of an opticallens and the focusing plane, when the lensis focused at infinityfocusfocus /�fəυkəs/ verb to concentrate one’sattention on something � noun an image orbeam that is clear and well defined � Thisphotograph is out of focus.fogfog /fɒ"/ noun the effect on photographicmaterial that has been accidentallyexposed to light, causing a loss of picturecontrastfoilfoil /fɔl/ noun 1. a very thin metal orplastic sheet on a backing, which is peeledoff and used to block gold or silver letterson a book cover 2. clear stable film used asa carrying surface for film assembly 3.metallic paper used for decorative pack-agingfoil paperfoil paper /�fɔl �pepə/ noun the paperbacking to which metal foil is attachedfoldfold /fəυld/ verb to bend something, e.g. apiece of paper, so that one part coversanotherfolded and collatedfolded and collated /�fəυldd ən kə |

�letd/, folded and gathered adjectiverelating to sheets of a book which havebeen folded and put in order. Abbr f.&c.,f.&g.folded sheetsfolded sheets /�fəυldd �ʃi�ts/ pluralnoun sheets of a book which have beenfolded ready for gathering, sewing andbindingfolderfolder /�fəυldə/ noun 1. a cardboard enve-lope for carrying papers � Put all the docu-ments in a folder for the chairman. 2. amachine which folds printed sheets 3. thepart of a web press where the paper isfoldedfoldingfolding /�fəυldŋ/ noun the act of foldingsheets for gathering either in parallel folds,where each fold is parallel to the next, or inright-angle folds, where they are at rightangles to each otherfolding bladefolding blade /�fəυldŋ bled/ noun astrip of metal which pushes the sheet intothe folding devicefolding cylindersfolding cylinders /�fəυldŋ �slndəz/plural noun cylinders between which thesheet is guided on a knife-folding machine


folding jaws 108folding jawsfolding jaws /�fəυldŋ d�ɔ�z/ pluralnoun the section of a folding machinewhich holds the paper pushed into it by thefolding bladefolding machinefolding machine /�fəυldŋ mə |�ʃi�n/noun a machine which automatically foldssheetsfolding platefolding plate /�fəυldŋ plet/ noun 1. alarge illustration which is tipped into abook, and which unfolds to make a double-sized plate 2. a plate on a buckle foldingmachine against which the sheet to befolded is pushedfolding stickfolding stick /�fəυldŋ stk/ noun abone strip used in hand foldingfolding strengthfolding strength /�fəυldŋ streŋθ/noun the strength of paper to resist tearingwhen folded several timesfold-outfold-out /�fəυld aυt/ noun a sheet that isput folded into a magazine or book and canbe unfolded to give a much wider page,used especially for plans and mapsfoliationfoliation /�fəυli|�eʃ(ə)n/ noun thenumbering of consecutive pages in a bookor manuscriptfoliofolio /�fəυliəυ/ noun 1. a book made withpaper of a large size 2. a large sheet ofpaper folded twice across the middle tomake four pages of a book 3. a pagenumber � verb to put a number on a pagefollowfollow /�fɒləυ/ verb 1. to come behind orto come afterwards � The samples willfollow by surface mail. � We will pay£10,000 down, with the balance to followin six months’ time. 2. to do what some-body or something says � Please followcopy. � to follow style to continue to set inthe same style as the rest of the book or asother books in the same seriesfollow onfollow on /�fɒləυ �ɒn/ verb to set printedtext so that it continues directly from theprevious textfollow-upfollow-up /�fɒləυ �p/ noun a book, film,article or report that continues a story orprovides further informationfontfont /fɒnt/ noun a set of characters in atypeface of all the same style, i.e. the samesize, weight and orientation

COMMENT: Each typeface will be availablein many different fonts (Univers, forexample, was designed in 21 differentfonts) and these will include the differentpoint sizes and weights, such as bold anditalic. In metal setting, the font wouldcontain different quantities of eachcharacter, according to the frequency ofuse of the characters. English fonts willcontain capitals, small capitals, lower case,

punctuation marks, numerals, ligatures andcommon symbols, making about 150 sortsin all. English fonts contain some accentsand special characters, but many accentswhich are standard in, for example, Germanor Spanish fonts are not included in English.British fonts contain the pound and thedollar signs, but American fonts are likelynot to have the pound sign.

font changefont change /�fɒnt tʃend�/ noun afunction on a computer to change the styleof characters used on a display screenfont management systemfont management system /�fɒnt�m�nd�mənt �sstəm/ noun softwarewhich controls the font changes on aprinterfoolscapfoolscap /�fu�lsk�p/ noun a large non-metric size of paper longer than A4, about34cm x 43cm

COMMENT: Foolscap takes it name from awatermark of a clown’s hat used in earlypapers. Foolscap folio is 13 1/2 x 8 1/2inches; foolscap quarto is 8 1/2 x 6 3/4inches and foolscap octavo is 6 3/4 x 4 1/4inches.

footfoot /fυt/ noun the bottom part of a page� He signed it at the foot of the page. � verbto be printed at the bottom of a pagefooterfooter /�fυtə/, footline /�fυtlan/ noun arepeated message at the bottom of everypage in a documentfoot marginfoot margin /�fυt �mɑ�d�n/ noun sameas bottom marginfootnotefootnote /�fυtnəυt/ noun a note, usuallyin a smaller type size, at the bottom of apage, which refers to the text above and isfor reference only � verb to put in foot-notes

COMMENT: Footnotes are best printed at thebottom of a page, as the name suggests, ifthey are essential to the understanding ofthe text. They can also be printed at the endof a chapter or at the end of a book,especially if they are simply furtherreferences or supply bibliographic details.In learned journals it is common for them tobe printed at the end of the chapter, whichmakes the typesetting of the main textmuch simpler. Reference numbers tofootnotes are printed in small superscriptnumbers after the relevant word in the text,and in books the numbers usually run fromthe beginning of the text to the end of thebook, consecutively. In journals formed ofseveral different articles, each article has itsown footnote numbering series.

footprintfootprint /�fυtprnt/ noun 1. the areacovered by a transmitting device such as asatellite or antenna 2. the area that acomputer takes up on a deskforbidforbid /fə |�bd/ verb to give instructionsthat something must not be done


109 form letterforbidden bookforbidden book /fə|�bdən �bυk/ noun abook that has been forbidden by a censorfore and aftfore and aft /�fɔ� ən �ɑ�ft/ noun amethod of printing two copies of a book atthe same time, with the pages joined headto head. � coming-and-going, printedhead-to-head, printed head-to-tail, two-upforedgeforedge /�fɔ�red�/, fore-edge /�fɔ�r ed�/noun the front edge of trimmed pages in abound book, i.e. the opposite edge to thespine

COMMENT: Early bound books weredisplayed with this edge facing out on theshelf, hence the name; the title was writtenor printed on this edge of the pages.

foredge marginforedge margin /�fɔ�red� �mɑ�d�n/noun the margin along the foredge of abook. Compare gutterforedge paintingforedge painting /�fɔ�red� �pentŋ/noun painting along the foredge of a boundbook, after the edge has been splayed out,so that the painting is only seen when thepages are splayed and not when the book isclosed normallyforegroundforeground /�fɔ�"raυnd/ noun the frontpart of an illustration which seems nearestto the viewerforeground colourforeground colour /�fɔ�"raυnd �k�lə/noun the colour of characters and textdisplayed on a videotext screenforeignforeign /�fɒrn/ adjective belonging to ororiginating from a different countryforeign exchangeforeign exchange /�fɒrn ks|�tʃend�/noun the act of exchanging the money ofone country for that of anotherforeign exchange transferforeign exchange transfer /�fɒrnks|�tʃend� �tr�nsf!�/ noun the sendingof money from one country to anotherforeign languageforeign language /�fɒrn �l�ŋ"wd�/noun a language which is spoken by peopleof another countryforeign-language editionforeign-language edition /�fɒrn�l�n"wd� |�dʃ(ə)n/ noun an edition ofan English-language text in translationforeign language rightsforeign language rights /�fɒrn�l�ŋ"wd� �rats/ plural noun rights totranslate a book into foreign languagesforeign rightsforeign rights /�fɒrn �ratz/ pluralnoun rights to sell an English-languagebook in other countries as licensededitions, translations or bilingual editionsforeign tradeforeign trade /�fɒrn �tred/ noun tradewith other countries. Also called externaltrade, overseas tradeforewordforeword /�fɔ�w!�d/ noun a piece of textat the beginning of a book as an introduc-

tion, often written by a person other thanthe authorforfeitforfeit /�fɔ�ft/ noun the act of takingsomething away as a punishment � verb tohave something taken away as a punish-ment � to forfeit a patent to lose a patentbecause payments have not been madeforfeit clauseforfeit clause /�fɔ�ft klɔ�z/ noun aclause in a contract which says that goodsor a deposit will be taken away if thecontract is not fulfilledforgeforge /fɔ�d�/ verb to produce a false copyof a signature or document with the inten-tion to deceive � He tried to enter thecountry with forged documents.forgerforger /�fɔ�d�ə/ noun a person whoforges a documentforgeryforgery /�fɔ�d�əri/ noun 1. a false copymade with the intention to deceive 2. theact of making things intended to deceivefork-lift truckfork-lift truck /�fɔ�k lft �tr�k/ noun atype of small tractor with two metal armsin front, used for lifting and moving palletsformform /fɔ�m/ noun 1. a preprinted docu-ment with spaces where information canbe entered 2. another spelling of forme �verb to start or organise something � Thebrothers have formed a new company.formatformat /�fɔ�m�t/ noun the size, shapeand arrangement of a document � verb toarrange text on screen as it will appear inprinted form on paperformationformation /fɔ�|�meʃ(ə)n/ noun the wayin which fibres in paper appear when thepaper is held against the lightformatterformatter /�fɔ�m�tə/ noun hardware orsoftware that arranges text or dataaccording to certain rulesformatting programformatting program /�fɔ�m�tŋ�prəυ"r�m/ noun a program for automati-cally putting a computer text into a certainpage formatformeforme /�fɔ�m/, form /fɔ�m/ noun acomplete set of metal type or blocks,assembled in a chase ready for printingforme rollersforme rollers /�fɔ�m �rəυləz/ pluralnoun rollers which apply ink to the formeform feedform feed /�fɔ�m fi�d/ noun a commandto a printer to move to the next sheet ofpaperform handling equipmentform handling equipment /�fɔ�m�h�ndlŋ |�kwpmənt/ noun peripheralssuch as a decollator, which deal withoutput from a printerform letterform letter /�fɔ�m �letə/ noun a standardletter, e.g. a rejection letter, into which the


form mode 110

personal details of each addressee areinsertedform modeform mode /�fɔ�m məυd/ noun a displaymethod on a data entry terminal, in whichthe form is displayed on the screen and theoperator enters relevant detailsform of wordsform of words /�fɔ�m əv �w!�dz/ nounwords correctly laid out for a legal docu-mentform overlayform overlay /�fɔ�m �əυvəle/ noun aheading or other matter held in store andprinted out at the same time as the textform stopform stop /�fɔ�m �stɒp/ noun a sensor ona printer which indicates when the paperhas run outformula publishingformula publishing /�fɔ�mjυlə�p�blʃŋ/ noun the publication of a seriesof books according to a particular prin-ciple, e.g. in identical format, or writtenaccording to a set of instructions providedby the publisherfor position onlyfor position only /fə pə|�zʃ(ə)n �əυnli/adjective full form of FPOforthcomingforthcoming /fɔ�θ|�k�mŋ/ adjective tobe published shortly � forthcoming titlesfor Autumn publication � In his forth-coming biography of the Prime Minister,he writes about the collapse of the previousgovernment.48mo48mo abbreviation forty-eightmoforty-eightmoforty-eightmo /�fɔ�ti |�etməυ/ noun abook printed with 48 pages from a sheet.Abbr 48moforumforum /�fɔ�rəm/ noun an Internet discus-sion group for people who share a specialinterest in somethingforwardforward /�fɔ�wəd/ adjective at or movingtowards the front of something or towardsthe future � verb to send on a letter whichhas arrived at an address from which theintended recipient has moved � to forwardsomething to someone to send somethingto somebody � adverb � carriageforward, freight forward a deal where thecustomer pays for transporting the goodsforward buyingforward buying /�fɔ�wəd �baŋ/ nounthe buying of something such as paper fordelivery at a later date. Also called buyingforwardforward contractforward contract /�fɔ�wəd �kɒntr�kt/noun an agreement to buy something suchas paper for delivery at a later date at anagreed priceforwardingforwarding /�fɔ�wədŋ/ noun 1. theprocess of continuing the binding of a bookafter it has been sewn, by rounding,

backing, casing in, etc. 2. the arranging ofshipping and customs documentsforwarding agentforwarding agent /�fɔ�wədŋ�ed�ənt/ noun a person or companywhich arranges shipping and customsdocumentsforwarding instructionsforwarding instructions /�fɔ�wədŋn |�str�kʃənz/ plural noun instructionsshowing how goods are to be shipped anddeliveredforward salesforward sales /�fɔ�wəd selz/ pluralnoun sales for delivery at a later dateforward stockforward stock /�fɔ�wəd stɒk/ nounstock held in a section of a warehousewhere it can be reached easily, as opposedto the bulk stock which is held separatelyuntil neededfoul bill of ladingfoul bill of lading /�faυl bl əv �ledŋ/noun a bill of lading which says that thegoods were in bad condition when receivedby the shipperfoul copyfoul copy /�faυl �kɒpi/ noun a badlywritten manuscript or typescript with manyillegible changesfoul prooffoul proof /�faυl �pru�f/ noun a proofwith corrections instructedfounderfounder /�faυndə/ noun 1. a person whocasts type 2. a person who starts a companyfounder’s sharesfounder’s shares /�faυndəz �ʃeəz/plural noun special shares issued to thepeople who start a companyfounder’s typefounder’s type /�faυndəz tap/ noun aspecial type made by a typefounder, asopposed to the type cast in a typecastingmachinefoundryfoundry /�faυndri/ noun 1. a factorywhich makes metal type 2. formerly, partof a letterpress printing house wherematrices and stereos were madefoundry chasefoundry chase /�faυndri tʃes/ noun achase which is used in making stereosfoundry prooffoundry proof /�faυndri pru�f/ noun aproof taken directly from a chase of metaltype before a plate is made from it. � pressproofsfoundry typefoundry type /�faυndri tap/ noun aspecial display type which has to be boughtfrom the foundryfountfount /fɒnt/ noun another spelling of fontfountainfountain /�faυntn/ noun a container forink in a printing pressfountain solutionfountain solution /�faυntn sə |

�lu�ʃ(ə)n/ noun a solution used in litho-graphic printing to prevent ink sticking tothose parts of the plate which should notprint


111 Frankfurt Book Fairfour-backedfour-backed /�fɔ� b�kt/ adjectiverelating to sheets printed with four colourson one side and one, two or four colours onthe otherfour-colourfour-colour /�fɔ� �k�lə/ adjectiverelating to printing using four colours togive full-colour printingfour-colour blocksfour-colour blocks /�fɔ� �k�lə �blɒks/plural noun blocks for printing in fourcoloursfour-colour mapfour-colour map /�fɔ� �k�lə �m�p/noun a map printed in four coloursfour-colour pressfour-colour press /�fɔ� �k�lə �pres/noun a printing press which prints fourcolours in one passfour-colour printingfour-colour printing /�fɔ� �k�lə�prntŋ/, four-colour process /�fɔ� k�lə�prəυses/ noun printing using the fourprocess colours to give a full range ofcolours at the same timefour-colour reproductionfour-colour reproduction /�fɔ� �k�lə�ri�prə|�d�kʃ(ə)n/ noun the process ofreproducing a colour plate using four-colour printingfourdrinierfourdrinier /fɔ� |�drnie/ noun a paper-making machine where the paper is madeby pulp draining through a continuous wiremesh. � twin-wire fourdrinier

COMMENT: The machine was patented byHenry Fourdrinier before 1810. In it, thewhite pulp enters from a vat at one end, andflows forward along the mesh becomingpaper as the water drains away. It is thendried on heated cylinders. Fourdriniermachines produce webs of paper and canbe adjusted to produce differentthicknesses, weights and finishes.

FournierFournier a typeface designed by PierreSimon Fournier in the 17th century, char-acterised by its very elegant italics

COMMENT: Fournier was also the originatorof the point system, which was revised andrefined by Didot some years later

4o4o abbreviation quartofour-part invoicefour-part invoice /�fɔ� pɑ�t �nvɔs/plural noun an invoice with four sheets,usually a top sheet and three copiesfour P’sfour P’s /�fɔ� �pi�z/ plural noun a simpleway of summarising the essentials of themarketing mix, which are Product, Price,Promotion and Placefourth coverfourth cover /�fɔ�θ �k�və/ noun theback cover of a magazinefourth estatefourth estate /�fɔ�θ |�stet/ noun news-papers and magazines, seen as the fourthpower in the land after the lords, thebishops and the ordinary people

fourth quarterfourth quarter /�fɔ�θ �kwɔ�tə/ noun aperiod of three months from October to theend of the year. Also called last quarterfour-upfour-up /�fɔ� ��p/ adverb � to print four-up to print four copies of a page on thesame sheet of paperfour-way entryfour-way entry /�fɔ� we �entri/ nounused in reference to pallets to indicate thatthe pallet may be picked up by a fork-lifttruck in any of the four directionsfoxedfoxed /fɒkst/ adjective denoting books orpaper stained with yellowish-brown spotsfrom having been kept in damp conditionsfoxingfoxing /�fɒksŋ/, fox marks noun brownstains on paper, caused by damp whichaffects chemical impurities in the paperFPOFPO /�ef pi� �əυ/ adjective used todescribe a placeholder image, used to markwhere the final image should appear in apage layout. Full form for position onlyfractionfraction /�fr�kʃən/ noun a numbershown as one figure above anotherfrakturfraktur /�fr�kt!�/ noun Gothic charactersused in German typesettingframeframe /frem/ noun 1. a rule or borderround an illustration 2. a movable, resiz-able box that holds text or an image 3. adesk where a compositor works, with casesfor type � verb to put a rule or border roundan illustrationframe windowframe window /�frem �wndəυ/ nounthe controls including the minimise andmaximise buttons, scroll bar and windowtitle, and border that surround a windowareafranchisefranchise /�fr�ntʃaz/ noun a licence totrade using a brand name and paying aroyalty for it � He has bought a printingfranchise. � verb to sell licences for peopleto trade using a brand name and paying aroyalty � His bookstall was so successfulthat he decided to franchise it.franchiseefranchisee /�fr�ntʃa |�zi�/ noun aperson who runs a franchisefranchiserfranchiser /�fr�ntʃazə/ noun a personwho licenses a franchisefranchisingfranchising /�fr�ntʃazŋ/ noun the actof selling licences to trade as a franchise �He runs his chain of card shops as a fran-chising operation.francofranco /�fr�ŋkəυ/ adverb freefrankfrank /fr�ŋk/ verb to stamp the date andpostage on a letterFrankfurt Book FairFrankfurt Book Fair /�fr�ŋkf!�t �bυk�feə/ noun the most important of the inter-national book fairs, held each year in


franking machine 112

October as a meeting place for bookpublishers, printers, literary agents andbooksellersfranking machinefranking machine /�fr�ŋkŋ mə|�ʃi�n/noun a machine which prints a sign onletters to show that the postage has beenpaidfreefree /fri�/ adjective 1. available for use 2.not needing to be paid forfree competitionfree competition /�fri� �kɒmpə|

�tʃ(ə)n/ noun freedom to compete withoutgovernment interferencefree copyfree copy /�fri� �kɒpi/ noun a copy of abook sent out as a giftfreedomfreedom /�fri�dəm/ noun the state ofbeing free to say or do what you wantwithout restrictionfreedom of speechfreedom of speech /�fri�dəm əv�spi�tʃ/, freedom of the press /�fri�dəməv ðə �pres/ noun the state of being free towrite, say or publish what you wantwithout fear of prosecution as long as youdo not break the lawfree giftfree gift /�fri� �"ft/ noun a present givenby a shop to a customer who buys a partic-ular amount of goodsfreehandfreehand /�fri�h�nd/ adjective, adverbrelating to artwork drawn by hand, withoutthe use of rulers, stencils, or other guidesfreelancefreelance /�fri�lɑ�ns/ adverb working foranyone who will pay for your skills ratherthan employed by one company � adjec-tive, noun an independent worker whoworks for several different companies butis not employed by any of them � We haveabout twenty freelances working for us. �She is a freelance journalist. � verb 1. to dowork for several firms but not be employedby any of them � She freelances for thelocal newspapers. 2. to send work out to bedone by a freelancer � We freelance workout to several specialists.freelancerfreelancer /�fri�lɑ�nsə/ noun a freelanceworkerfree of chargefree of charge /�fri� əv �tʃɑ�d�/ adjec-tive not needing to be paid forfree of dutyfree of duty /�fri� əv �dju�ti/ adjectivesame as duty-freefree of taxfree of tax /�fri� əv �t�ks/ adjectivesame as tax-freefree on boardfree on board /�fri� ɒn �bɔ�d/ adjectiverelating to a price which includes all theseller’s costs until the goods are on the shipfor transportation. Abbr f.o.b.free on railfree on rail /�fri� ɒn �rel/ adjectiverelating to a price including all the seller’s

costs until the goods are delivered to therailway for shipmentfree paperfree paper /�fri� �pepə/ noun a news-paper which is given away free, and whichrelies for its income on its advertising.Also called giveaway paperfree portfree port /�fri� pɔ�t/, free trade zone/�fri� �tred �zəυn/ noun a port or areawhere there are no customs dutiesfreesfrees /fri�z/ plural noun free copies of abook given away free to representatives,agents and the authorfree sheetfree sheet /�fri� ʃi�t/ noun 1. a news-paper given away free to each house in adistrict, its income coming solely fromadvertising 2. US woodfree paper, i.e.chemical or non-mechanical paperfree tradefree trade /�fri� �tred/ noun a systemwhere goods can go from one country toanother without any restrictionsfree translationfree translation /�fri� tr�ns |�leʃ(ə)n/noun a rough translation which gives thegeneral meaning without translating thetext word for wordfree trialfree trial /�fri� �traəl/ noun the testing ofa machine with no payment involved � tosend a self-study course for two weeks’ freetrialfreewarefreeware /�fri�weə/ noun software that isin the public domain and can be used byanyone without having to payfreightfreight /fret/ noun 1. the cost of trans-porting goods by air, sea or land � At anauction, the buyer pays the freight. 2.goods which are transported � to take onfreight to load goods onto a ship, train ortruck � verb � to freight goods to sendgoods � We freight goods to all parts of theUSA.freightagefreightage /�fretd�/ noun the cost oftransporting goodsfreight costsfreight costs /�fret kɒsts/ plural nounmoney paid to transport goodsfreight depotfreight depot /�fret �depəυ/ noun acentral point where goods are collectedbefore being shippedfreight forwardfreight forward /�fret �fɔ�wəd/ adjec-tive relating to a deal where the customerpays for transporting the goodsfreight forwarderfreight forwarder /�fret �fɔ�wədə/noun a person or company which arrangesshipping and customs documents forseveral shipments from different compa-nies, putting them together to form onelarge shipment


113 full colourfreight ratesfreight rates /�fret rets/ plural nouncharges for transporting goodsFrench foldFrench fold /�frentʃ �fəυld/ noun asheet of paper which is printed on one sideonly and then folded twice, but nottrimmed on the top edge, used to makegreetings cardsFrench grooveFrench groove /�frentʃ �"ru�v/,French joint noun same as AmericangrooveFrench sewingFrench sewing /�frentʃ �səυŋ/ nounthe process of sewing signatures togetherwithout tapes, each signature beingattached by sewing through the threadattaching the previous onefrequently asked questionsfrequently asked questions/�fri�kwənt(ə)li ɑ�skd �kwestʃənz/ pluralnoun a list of the most common questionson a particular subject, with answers,provided on a website or in a leaflet. AbbrFAQfretfret /fret/ noun a design used for bordersand on covers, made of an interlacedpatternfriarfriar /�fraə/ noun a printed area which ispale because it has not received enough ink(NOTE: The opposite is monk.)friction feedfriction feed /�frkʃ(ə)n fi�d/ noun aprinter mechanism where the paper isadvanced by holding it between two rollersfriction glazingfriction glazing /�frkʃ(ə)n �"lezŋ/noun the process of putting a high gloss onpaper by running the paper through rollersturning at different speedsfrisketfrisket /�frskt/ noun small metal‘fingers’ which hold the sheet to thetympan on a platen pressfrontfront /fr�nt/ noun 1. part of somethingwhich faces away from the back � Thefront of the book has a photograph of theauthor’s house. 2. part of the metal typewhich faces the front, with a notch in it, sothat the compositor can tell which wayround the piece of type isfront boardfront board /�fr�nt �bɔ�d/ noun theboard which forms the front of the bookcasefront coverfront cover /�fr�nt �k�və/ noun thecover on the front of a book or magazine,with the title and usually an attractive, eye-catching designfront cover brassfront cover brass /�fr�nt �k�və�brɑ�s/ noun a brass with the words to beused on a front coverfront-end systemfront-end system /�fr�nt end �sstəm/noun a typesetting system where text is

keyboarded on a terminal directlyconnected to the typesetting computerfront flapfront flap /�fr�nt �fl�p/, front jacketflap /�fr�nt �d��kt �fl�p/ noun a flap ona book jacket which is tucked into the frontcover of a book, usually with a blurb on itfrontispiecefrontispiece /�fr�ntspi�s/ noun apicture at the beginning of a book oppositethe title pagefront layfront lay /�fr�nt le/ noun in a printingpress or folding machine, the lay at thefront of a sheet of paperfrontlistfrontlist /�fr�ntlst/ noun new books justpublished or about to be published by apublisher

COMMENT: The frontlist contains all the newtitles, and therefore is of particular interestto editors, production staff and sales staff.Promotion of the frontlist is heavy, and thefrontlist carries most of a publisher’sinvestment. On the other hand, a backlistwhich continues to sell is usually the mostprofitable part of a publisher’s list.

front matterfront matter /�fr�nt �m�tə/ noun sameas prelimsfront of bookfront of book /�fr�nt əv �bυk/ noun thefirst pages of a magazine, before the edito-rial matterFTPFTP abbreviation file transfer protocolfudgefudge /f�d�/ noun a small section in anewspaper reserved for very late items ofnews � verb to touch up a photograph byairbrushing or painting infugitivefugitive /�fju�d�tv/ adjective relatingto colour that is likely to fade whenexposed to light or chemicals (NOTE: Theopposite is light-fast.)fulfilfulfil /fυl|�fl/ verb to complete somethingin a satisfactory way � The clauseregarding payments has not been fulfilled.� to fulfil an order to supply the itemswhich have been ordered � We are sounderstaffed that we cannot fulfil any moreorders before Christmas.fulfilmentfulfilment /fυl |�flmənt/ noun the act ofcarrying something out in a satisfactorywayfull bindingfull binding /�fυl �bandŋ/ noun casedbinding, where the case is completelycovered with a piece of material such ascloth or leather, as opposed to half binding.Also called whole bindingfull bound bookfull bound book /�fυl baυnd �bυk/noun a book with a full bindingfull colourfull colour /�fυl �k�lə/ noun colour workprinted in four colours � a full colour illus-tration � The illustrations are printed infull colour.


full leather binding 114full leather bindingfull leather binding /�fυl �leðə�bandŋ/ noun a binding on a hardcoverbook where the whole book is covered withleatherfull measurefull measure /�fυl �me�ə/ adjectiveusing the full width of the type areafull outfull out /�fυl �aυt/ adjective not indented,with the type area aligned to the left marginfull pagefull page /�fυl ped�/ noun one wholepagefull pricefull price /�fυl �pras/ noun a price withno discountfull-scalefull-scale /�fυl skel/ adjective completeor very thorough � The MD ordered a full-scale review of credit terms.full stopfull stop /�fυl �stɒp/ noun a punctuationmark (.) which indicates the end of asentencefull-timefull-time /�fυl tam/ adjective, adverbworking all the normal working time i.e.about eight hours a day, five days a week �She is in full-time employment. � Sheworks full-time. � He is one of our full-timestaff.full-timerfull-timer /�fυl �tamə/ noun a personwho works full-timefully formed charactersfully formed characters /�fυli �fɔ�md�k�rktəz/ plural noun charactersproduced by a printer in a single actionfunctionfunction /�f�ŋkʃən/ noun the purpose orrole of something � verb to work � The

advertising campaign is functioningsmoothly. � The new management struc-ture does not seem to be functioning verywell.functional illiterate

functional illiterate /�f�ŋkʃ(ə)nəl |

�ltərət/ noun somebody whose readingand writing abilities are inadequatelydeveloped to meet everyday needsfunctional literacy

functional literacy /�f�ŋkʃ(ə)nəl�lt(ə)rəsi/ noun the level of skill inreading and writing that a person needs tocope with everyday adult lifefunction codefunction code /�f�ŋkʃən kəυd/ noun acode which makes a part of a computerprogram workfunction keyfunction key /�f�ŋkʃən ki�/ noun acomputer key which is used to activate aparticular set of instructionsfurnishfurnish /�f!�nʃ/ noun a final mixture ofthe various substances from which paper ismanufactured, formed of wood pulp,chemicals and waterfurniturefurniture /�f!�ntʃə/ noun pieces ofwood wedged round the edge of the metaltype in a forme, to keep it tight and to makea margin, or similar pieces of wood used tomake blank spaces in typeset text. � regletfuzzy

fuzzy /�f�zi/ adjective relating to animage that is blurred � Using art paper willeliminate fuzzy characters.


Ggg abbreviation gramgalleygalley /�"�li/ noun originally, a longmetal tray holding text in metal type

COMMENT: Although originally used forproofs from a tray of metal type, the word‘galley’ is now used for any proof on a longstrip of paper.

galley pressgalley press /�"�li pres/ noun a smallpress for taking galley proofsgalley proofsgalley proofs /�"�li pru�fs/ plural nounproofs in the form of long pieces of text,not divided into pages, printed on longpieces of papergalley rackgalley rack /�"�li r�k/ noun a rackwhere galleys are storedgang printinggang printing /�"�ŋ �prntŋ/ noun theprinting of several jobs together on thesame sheet, often used when printingseveral small advertising jobsgapgap /"�p/ noun a space between twothings, ideas or periods of timegarbagegarbage /�"ɑ�bd�/ noun data or infor-mation that is no longer required because itis out of date or incorrectgarbage in garbage outgarbage in garbage out /�"ɑ�bd� n�"ɑ�bd� �aυt/ phrase an expressionmeaning that the accuracy and quality ofinformation that is outputted depends onthe quality of the input. Abbr GIGO

COMMENT: GIGO is sometimes taken tomean ‘garbage in gospel out’, meaning thatwhatever wrong information is put into acomputer people will always believe theoutput is true.

garnergarner /�"ɑ�nə/ verb to collect or accu-mulate something such as information orfactsgatefoldgatefold /�"etfəυld/ noun a page in apublication that is larger than the otherpages and is folded to fitgatewaygateway /�"etwe/ noun a softwaretranslation device which allows usersworking in one network to access another

‘In addition, the company is offering theIP Drum Mobile Skype Cables, whichconnect a Nokia or Sony Ericsson mobilephone to a computer, creating a gatewayfrom Skype to the mobile network.Incoming Skype calls are then forwardedthrough the mobile phone connected tothe computer to the mobile phone theuser is carrying.’ [InternetBusiness News]

gateway pagegateway page /�"etwe ped�/ nounthe initial webpage that a visitor to awebsite sees and that contains key wordsand phrases that enable a search engine tofind itgathergather /�"�ðə/ verb to compile some-thing such as information or ideas fromvarious sourcesgatheringgathering /�"�ðərŋ/ noun the act ofbringing printed sections together to beboundgathering machinegathering machine /�"�ðərŋ mə |

�ʃi�n/, gatherer noun a machine thatgathers signatures for bindinggauge

gauge /"ed�/ noun a device that meas-ures thickness or width � verb to measurethe thickness or width of somethinggauze

gauze /"ɔ�z/ noun thin woven material,used to strengthen hinges in bindinggazetteergazetteer /�"�zə|�tə/ noun an index ofgeographical place namesgear

gear /"ə/ noun a system of movingwheels, which connect together to givemovement to a machinegear marksgear marks /�"ə mɑ�ks/ plural noununeven printing caused by the rollers in aprinting press moving at different speedsgelatinegelatine /�d�elətn/, gelatin noun asubstance obtained from animal bones,used to make glue and size for coatingpaper


general audit 116general auditgeneral audit /�d�en(ə)rəl �ɔ�dt/ nounan examination of all the books andaccounts of a companygeneral booksgeneral books /�d�en(ə)rəl bυks/plural noun books which may interest theadult public, usually not including chil-dren’s books, fiction or specialised booksgeneral books editorgeneral books editor /�d�en(ə)rəlbυks �edtə/ noun an editor at a publishinghouse who is in charge of a general list.Also called trade editorgeneral expensesgeneral expenses /�d�en(ə)rəl k |

�spensz/ plural noun money spent on theday-to-day costs of running a businessgeneral indexgeneral index /�d�en(ə)rəl �ndeks/noun an index which covers all items in abookgeneral interestgeneral interest /�d�en(ə)rəl �ntrəst/adjective of a publication, of interest toeverybody, not on a specialist topicgeneral listgeneral list /�d�en(ə)rəl lst/ nounbooks published by a company for thegeneral adult public � The general list hasimproved its sales this year, while the chil-dren’s list has fallen back.general managergeneral manager /�d�en(ə)rəl�m�nd�ə/ noun the manager in charge ofthe administration of a companygeneral officegeneral office /�d�en(ə)rəl �ɒfs/ nounthe main administrative office of acompanygenerategenerate /�d�enəret/ verb to causesomething to start and developgenerationgeneration /�d�enə |�reʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. astage of development in the design andmanufacture of machines � fifth generationcomputers 2. the period of time in whichpeople can grow up and have children,usually 25 to 30 yearsgeneric codinggeneric coding /d�ə|�nerk �kəυdŋ/noun the coding of a document to specifythings such as headings and use of bold,roman and italic � ASPIC is a system ofgeneric coding.generic tagsgeneric tags /d�ə |�nerk t�"z/ pluralnoun codes to identify the headings andsetting style for a manuscriptgeneric top-level domaingeneric top-level domain /d�ə|�nerktɒp �lev(ə)l də |�men/ noun full form ofgTLDgenre publishinggenre publishing /��ɒnrə �p�blʃŋ/noun publishing of a fiction list, all ofwhich is the same type of novel, e.g.science fiction, romantic fiction or west-erns

gentleman’s agreementgentleman’s agreement/�d�ent(ə)lmənz ə|�"ri�mənt/,gentlemen’s agreement noun a verbalagreement between two parties whorespect each other � They have agentleman’s agreement not to trade in eachother’s area.geological mapgeological map /�d�i�ə|�lɒd�k(ə)l�m�p/ noun a map which shows the typesof rock and soil in an areaget-upget-up /�"et �p/ noun US the generalformat and style of a bookghostghost /"əυst/ noun LITERAT same asghostwriter � verb to be the ghostwriter ofa work � His autobiography was ghostedby John Smith.ghosted autobiographyghosted autobiography /�"əυstd�ɔ�təυba |�ɒ"rəfi/ noun an autobiographyapparently written by a famous person, butin fact written by a ghostwriterghostingghosting /�"əυstŋ/ noun 1. the effectwhen a text is printed out of register, so thata second text appears beside the first 2. afaint image caused by a defect in the inkghostwriterghostwriter /�"əυst |�ratə/ noun some-body who writes something for or withsomebody else, the other person receivingsole credit as the authorGIFGIF /"f/ a trade name for a graphics fileformat for a file containing a bitmappedimage. Full form Graphics InterchangeFormat.gif.gif suffix a file extension for a GIF file.Full form Graphics Interchange FormatGIF fileGIF file /�"f fal/ noun a graphics fileformat for a file containing a bitmappedimagegiftgift /"ft/ noun something given as apresentgift bookgift book /�"ft bυk/ noun a book whichis given as a present, formerly often usedfor special anthologies which were givenas presentsgift coupongift coupon /�"ft �ku�pɒn/, gift token/�"ft �təυkən/, gift voucher /�"ft�vaυtʃə/ noun a card or voucher, bought ina shop, which is given as a present andwhich must be exchanged in that store forgoodsgift-wrapgift-wrap /�"ft r�p/ verb to wrap apresent in attractive paper � Do you wantthis book gift-wrapped?gift-wrappinggift-wrapping /�"ft �r�pŋ/ noun 1. aservice in a store for wrapping presents forcustomers 2. attractive paper for wrappingpresents


117 glueing machinegigabytegigabyte /�""əbat/ noun1,000,000,000 bytesGIGOGIGO /�"a"əυ/ abbreviation garbage ingarbage outgildinggilding /�"ldŋ/ noun the process ofputting gold leaf on a binding or on the topedge or foredge of a bookgiltgilt /"lt/ noun a shiny material, usuallygold, used as a thin covering to other mate-rial � adjective with gold leaf decoration �gilt in the round a foredge which is gildedafter the book has been rounded � gilt inthe square a foredge which is gildedbefore the book has been roundedgilt edgegilt edge /�"lt ed�/ noun a gold edge toa page of a book, so that when the book isclosed it looks like a gold blockgilt-edgedgilt-edged /�"lt ed�d/ adjectivedenoting a book with a gilt edge to thepagesGIPGIP abbreviation glazed imitation parch-mentgiveaway papergiveaway paper /�"vəwe �pepə/noun same as free paperglairglair, glaire noun a glue made from eggwhite and vinegar, used to stick gold foil toa book cover when blockingglassineglassine /�"lɑ�si�n/ noun thin trans-parent paper made from beaten pulp, usedas wrapping paper or for the windows inwindow envelopesglazeglaze /"lez/ noun a shiny coat given toart paperglazedglazed /"lezd/ adjective shiny or glossyglazed imitation parchmentglazed imitation parchment /�"lezd�mteʃ(ə)n �pɑ�tʃmənt/ noun shinywhitish paper, used for wrapping. AbbrGIPglazed moroccoglazed morocco /�"lezd mə |�rɒkəυ/noun polished goatskin leather, used as abinding materialglazed vellumglazed vellum /�"lezd �veləm/ nounshiny vellum, used for special documentssuch as presentation scrollsglobalglobal /�"ləυb(ə)l/ adjective coveringeverythingGlobal Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System/�"ləυb(ə)l pə |�zʃ(ə)nŋ �sstəm/ nounfull form of GPSglobal search and replaceglobal search and replace/�"ləυb(ə)l �s!�tʃ ən r |�ples/ noun asearch and replace function which isapplied to a whole computer fileglobal villageglobal village /�"ləυb(ə)l �vld�/ nounthe whole world considered as a single

community served by electronic media andinformation technology

‘Given the open architecture of the worldwide web, anyone operating a websitehas access to a worldwide audience – theinternet has fuelled globalisation and the‘global village’ has become reality.’[M2 presswire]

gloss

gloss /"lɒs/ noun a short definition,explanation or translation of a word orphrase that may be unfamiliar to the reader,often located in a margin or collected in anappendix or glossarygloss art paper

gloss art paper /�"lɒs �ɑ�t �pepə/noun shiny art paperglossary

glossary /�"lɒsəri/ noun 1. an alphabet-ical list of the specialist words used in adocument, with definitions 2. a list ofspecialised terms with explanations ortranslations � a glossary of chess terms �an English-Chinese business glossarygloss over

gloss over /�"lɒs �əυvə/ verb to inten-tionally leave out negative information, ortreat something superficially, in order tomake it appear more attractive or accept-ablegloss paper

gloss paper /�"lɒs �pepə/, glossycoated paper noun paper with a shinyfinish

COMMENT: The glossiness of gloss paper ismeasured in terms of the ratio of reflectedlight from the paper surface to that from apolished black tile.

glossy

glossy /�"lɒsi/ adjective smooth andshiny � noun a photograph on glossypaper, the best quality for reproduction(informal) � the glossies expensive maga-zinesglue

glue /"lu�/ noun material which sticksitems together � She put some glue on theback of the poster to fix it to the wall. � Theglue on the envelope does not stick verywell. � verb to stick things together withglue � He glued the label to the box. � Thecover is glued to the endpapers.

COMMENT: In hand binding, organic gluesand pastes are used; these are flour pasteor gelatine glue made from animal bones. Incommercial binding, synthetic adhesives ofthe PVA type are used. These are oftenthermoplastic and set when cold; theyremain flexible when set, while organicglues tend to set hard, and so may crack.

glueing machine

glueing machine /�"lu�ŋ mə|�ʃi�n/,gluer noun a machine which puts the glueonto book blocks before the cover isattached


glyph 118glyphglyph /"lf/ noun the symbol, or set ofsymbols, that forms a single character in afontglyphicglyphic /�"lfk/ adjective based onletters carved in stonegmgm abbreviation gramgmgm2, g/m2 abbreviation grams per squaremetregnosticgnostic /�nɒstk/ adjective relating toknowledge, especially knowledge of spir-itual truthsgogo /"əυ/ verb 1. to circulate as informa-tion around a place or among people 2. � togo to bed to start printing � Your story istoo late for the first edition – the paperwent to bed thirty minutes ago. � to go topress to start printing � The author cannotmake any more corrections – the book hasgone to press.go-aheadgo-ahead /�"əυ ə |�hed/ adjective ener-getic or keen to do well � He is a very go-ahead type. � She works for a go-aheadbook packaging company.goatskingoatskin /�"əυtskn/ noun leather fromthe skin of a goat, called morocco whenused for bindinggofergofer /�"əυfə/ noun US a person whodoes all types of work in an office for lowwagesgoinggoing /�"əυŋ/ adjective active or busygold cushiongold cushion /�"əυld �kυʃ(ə)n/ noun asoft pad on which gold leaf is kept readyfor usegoldenrodgoldenrod /�"əυldənrɒd/ noun orangepaper used to mount films for plate-makinggolden sectiongolden section /�"əυld(ə)n �sekʃən/,golden rectangle noun ideal elegantproportions of a page, based on the ratio of34:21

COMMENT: These proportions were firstused in medieval manuscripts and wereconsidered the ideal proportions for pagedesign. In small formats they are alsoconsidered the ideal proportions for a typearea. They were adopted by Penguin Booksfor their small paperback formats.

gold foilgold foil /�"əυld �fɔl/ noun gold-coloured metal foil on a paper backinggold leafgold leaf /�"əυld �li�f/ noun a very thinsheet of real gold, used to decorate toolingon a bindinggold rubbergold rubber /�"əυld �r�bə/, gold rugnoun a pad of soft leather used to wipe thecover of a book to remove bits of excessgold leaf

gold toolinggold tooling /�"əυld �tu�lŋ/ noun deco-rations in gold leaf stamped by hand on abindinggood colourgood colour /�"υd �k�lə/ adjectiverelating to a printing job where the ink isevenly spreadgood for pressgood for press /�"υd fə �pres/ adjec-tive US ready for printing (NOTE: The UKterm is passed for press.)goodwillgoodwill /"υd|�wl/ noun the good repu-tation of a business � He paid £10,000 forthe goodwill of the shop and £4,000 for thestock.gophergopher /�"əυfə/ noun a servicing devicewithin the Internet which allows access byallowing links between systemsgothicgothic /�"ɒθk/ noun 1. an old typeface,similar to black letter, used in the firstprinted books. � Textura 2. US a blockletter in thick bold sans serif face

COMMENT: The word ‘gothic’ was used inthe 15th and 16th centuries by Italians (whopreferred roman and italic type) to refer tothe black letter faces used in Germany. Bycalling it gothic, they implied that it wasbarbaric. Gothic is still used to refer to theblack letter faces used in Northern Europe.

GoudyGoudy /�"aυdi/ noun an old typeface,designed by the American typographerFrederic Goudy in the 18th centurygougegouge /"aυd�/ noun a tool used toimpress decorative lines on a book coverGovernment Printing OfficeGovernment Printing Office/�"�v(ə)nmənt �prntŋ �ɒfs/ noun USan American government departmentwhich prints all government documents(NOTE: The UK equivalent is Her Majesty’sStationery Office.)GPMUGPMU noun a British trade union for theprinting and paper industries formed by theamalgamation of NGA and SOGAT. Fullform Graphical, Paper and Media UnionGPRSGPRS /�d�i� pi� ɑ�r �es/ noun a systemthat provides immediate and continuousaccess to the Internet from wireless devicessuch as mobile phones. Full form GeneralPacket Radio ServiceGPSGPS abbreviation the use of satellite tech-nology to identify the location of some-thing such as a mobile phone anywherewithin the world, often to within a fewmetres. Full form Global PositioningSystemgradationgradation /"rə |�deʃ(ə)n/ noun a seriesof slight changes in colour or tonegradegrade /"red/ verb to judge or measurethe quality of something


119 graphics acceleratorgraded advertising ratesgraded advertising rates /�"redd��dvə|�tazŋ �rets/ plural noun rateswhich become cheaper as you take moreadvertising spacegraduategraduate /�"r�d�uət/ noun a personwho has successfully completed a firstdegree course at a universitygraduate entrygraduate entry /�"r�d�uət �entri/noun the entry of graduates into employ-ment with a company � the graduate entryinto the civil servicegraduate traineegraduate trainee /�"r�d�uət tre |�ni�/noun a person who has graduated in onesubject and is receiving further training ina specialist skillgraduate training schemegraduate training scheme/�"r�d�uət �trenŋ ski�m/ noun atraining scheme for graduatesgraingrain /"ren/ noun 1. the direction inwhich the fibres run in wood � Woodengravings are cut across the grain. 2. thesize of dots which form a photograph 3. aspotted effect on fast photographic filmsdue to the size of the light-sensitive silverhalide crystals � verb to texture the surfaceof a lithographic plate to allow it to holdthe ink

COMMENT: The grain on machine-madepaper is formed as the wire mesh holdingthe pulp is shaken from side to side. Thefibres in the pulp fall into line lengthwisewith the web. In the case of handmadepaper, the wire is also shaken, but inseveral directions, with the result that thefibres do not lie in one direction and thepaper has no definite grain. In a reel ofpaper, the grain always runs in the directionof the web. Sheets can have the grain eitheralong or across the sheet, depending onhow the sheet is cut from the web. Booksare normally printed with the grain (i.e. thegrain runs down the page from top tobottom). Printing on paper against the grain(i.e. with the grain of the paper running fromthe foredge to the gutter) may avoidwrinkling of the pages in damp conditions,but it has other considerable disadvantagesas it makes the book more difficult to keepflat when open and makes the pages curve.If paper is folded against the grain it will notlie flat. When printing in full colour it isdesirable to print with the grain to avoidproblems of register.

grain directiongrain direction /�"ren da |�rekʃən/noun same as machine directiongraininggraining /�"renŋ/ noun making agrainy effect on a picturegrain shortgrain short /�"ren ʃɔ�t/ noun same asshort graingrainygrainy /�"reni/ adjective relating to animage that has a coarse grain � We will use

grainy photographs to achieve an old-fash-ioned effect.gramgram /"r�m/, gramme /"r�m/ noun ameasure of weight, one thousandth of akilo (NOTE: Usually written g or gm withfigures: 25g.)grammagegrammage /�"r�md�/ noun the weightof paper, calculated as grams per squaremetre (NOTE: Usually shown as gsm, as in80gsm paper.)granularitygranularity /�"r�njυ|�l�rti/ noun thenumber of separate components in asystem such as a web pagegraphgraph /"rɑ�f/ noun a mathematicaldiagram which visually shows the relation-ship between two or more sets of variablesgraphicgraphic /�"r�fk/ adjective concernedwith drawinggraphicalgraphical /�"r�fkl/ adjective referringto something represented by graphicsgraphicallygraphically /�"r�fkli/ adverb usingpictures � The sales figures are graphicallyrepresented as a pie chart.graphic artistgraphic artist /�"r�fk �ɑ�tst/,graphic designer /�"r�fk d |�zanə/noun an artist or designer who specialisesin commercial design, involving text andillustrationsgraphic colour printergraphic colour printer /�"r�fk �k�lə�prntə/ noun a printer that can outputcolour graphicsgraphic displaygraphic display /�"r�fk ds|�ple/noun a computer screen that is able topresent graphical informationgraphic display resolutiongraphic display resolution /�"r�fkd |�sple �rezəlu�ʃ(ə)n/ noun the numberof pixels that a computer is able to displayon the screengraphic novelgraphic novel /�"r�fk �nɒv(ə)l/ nouna fictional story for adults published in theform of a comic stripgraphic objectgraphic object /�"r�fk �ɒbd�ekt/noun a small graphic image imported fromanother drawing application and placed ona page (NOTE: In most DTP, paint ordrawing packages, the object can bemoved, sized and positioned independ-ently from the other elements on the page.)graphicsgraphics /�"r�fks/ plural noun picturesor lines which are drawn on paper or on ascreen to represent information � Thecomputer will output graphics such as barcharts, pie charts and line drawings.graphics acceleratorgraphics accelerator /�"r�fks ək|

�seləretə/ noun a video display boardwith its own graphics coprocessor and


graphics adapter 120

high-speed RAM that can carry out graph-ical drawing operations at high speedgraphics adaptergraphics adapter /�"r�fks ə|�d�ptə/noun an electronic device in a computerthat converts software commands intoelectrical signals which display graphicson a connected monitorgraphics art terminalgraphics art terminal /�"r�fks �ɑ�t�t!�mn(ə)l/ noun a typesetting terminalthat is used with a phototypesettergraphics charactergraphics character /�"r�fks�k�rktə/ noun a preprogrammed shapethat can be displayed on a non-graphicalscreen instead of a character, used exten-sively in videotext systems to displaysimple picturesgraphics coprocessorgraphics coprocessor /�"r�fks kəυ|

�prəυsesə/ noun same as graphics proc-essorgraphics filegraphics file /�"r�fks fal/ noun abinary file which contains data describingan image � There are many standards forgraphics files including TIFF, IMG andEPS.graphics file formatgraphics file format /�"r�fks fal�fɔ�m�t/ noun a method by which datadescribing an image is storedgraphics modegraphics mode /�"r�fks məυd/ nouna videotext terminal whose displayed char-acters are taken from a range of graphicscharacters instead of textgraphics padgraphics pad /�"r�fks p�d/,graphics tablet /�"r�fks �t�blət/ noun aflat device that allows a user to inputgraphical information into a computer bydrawing on its surfacegraphics printergraphics printer /�"r�fks �prntə/noun a printer capable of printingbitmapped imagesgraphics processorgraphics processor /�"r�fks�prəυsesə/ noun a secondary processorused to speed up the display of graphics. Itcalculates the position of pixels that form aline or shape and display graphic lines orshapes. Also called graphics coproc-essorgraphics terminalgraphics terminal /�"r�fks�t!�mn(ə)l/, graphics VDU /�"r�fks �vi�di� �ju�/ noun a special VDU which candisplay graphicsgraph papergraph paper /�"rɑ�f �pepə/ noun paperwhich is printed with measured squares sothat it can be used for drawing graphsgratisgratis /�"r�ts/; /�"rɑ�ts/ adverb, adjec-tive not costing anything � gratis copies �The author gets six copies gratis.

grave accentgrave accent /�"rɑ�v ��ksənt/ noun amark placed over a vowel (e.g. è) to showhow it should be pronounced

COMMENT: Grave accents are used inFrench (è, à, ù) to indicate a pronunciationchange or a spelling change. They are usedin other languages to show stress.

gravergraver /�"revə/ noun a tool used inengravinggravuregravure /"rə |�vjυə/ noun a method ofprinting where the ink is in hollows etchedinto a copper surface, with the top surfacebeing wiped clean so that when the paper ispressed onto the plate the ink from thehollows is transferred to it. � photogra-vuregray goodsgray goods /�"re "υdz/ plural noun USuncoloured cloth for bindinggreasy inkgreasy ink /�"ri�si ŋk/ noun ink used inlithography

COMMENT: The image is drawn on the stoneor plate with greasy ink; the surface is thenwetted and printing ink is applied. Theprinting ink is repelled by the water but heldby the greasy ink lines.

greekgreek /"ri�k/ noun meaningless mixedletters used to make typeset text used inlayoutsGreek alphabetGreek alphabet /�"ri�k ��lfəbet/ nounthe alphabet used in ancient and modernGreek, which contains 24 charactersgreeked textgreeked text /�"ri�kt �tekst/ noun sameas dummy textgreekinggreeking /�"ri�kŋ/ noun the act of usingmeaningless jumbled letters or random textas a placeholder for actual text in a pagelayoutgrey balancegrey balance /�"re �b�ləns/ noun acondition in a colour reproduction systemwhere the values of the primary colours arebalanced to give a visually neutral greygrey boardgrey board /�"re bɔ�d/ noun a pale greycardboard used in bindinggrey literaturegrey literature /�"re �lt(ə)rətʃə/ nounarticles and information published, espe-cially on the Internet, without a commer-cial purpose or the mediation of a commer-cial publishergrey scalegrey scale /�"re skel/ noun 1. shadesof grey that are used to measure the correctexposure when filming 2. shades which areproduced from displaying what should becolour information on a monochromemonitorgridgrid /"rd/ noun a system of numberedsquares allowing points to be easily plottedor located


121 gum

COMMENT: Grids are used by designers andpaste-up artists for laying out magazinesand books, where the page size, type areaand general layout remain the same foreach page. The designer will prepare amaster grid, showing the basic proportionsof the page, with its trim size, type area,headlines, folio positions, margins, etc., andthis is used when pasting up each page.

grid gaugegrid gauge /�"rd "ed�/ noun a posi-tioning tool for microfiche image displaygrid structuregrid structure /�"rd �str�ktʃə/ noun astructure based on a gridgrindgrind /"rand/ verb to crush somethinginto tiny pieces � Wood from softwoodtrees is ground up to make woodpulp.grindergrinder /�"randə/ noun a machine forcrushing wood, as the first stage in paper-makinggripper edgegripper edge /�"rpə ed�/ noun theedge of a sheet of paper which is held bythe grippers and goes through the pressfirstgrippersgrippers /�"rpəz/ plural noun littlemetal fingers which hold the paper in placeand pull it through the printing pressgroovegroove /"ru�v/ noun a low space betweenthe cover board and the spine, where thecovers hinge, and which, if it is largeenough, will allow the book to lie flat whenopengross margingross margin /"rəυs �mɑ�d�n/ noun apercentage difference between the unitmanufacturing cost and the received pricegross profitgross profit /�"rəυs �prɒft/ noun thedifference between revenue and directcostsgross weightgross weight /�"rəυs �wet/ noun thetotal weight of something including allpackaginggrotgrot /"rəυ|�tesk/, grotesque noun anysans serif typeface

COMMENT: Sans faces are called ‘grot’ inBritish English and ‘gothic’ in US English.The first sans faces appeared in the firstpart of the 19th century and were called‘grotesque’ because they seemed sostrange.

groundwood pulpgroundwood pulp /�"raυndwυd p�lp/noun US woodpulp which has been groundby a machine (NOTE: The UK term ismechanical pulp.)groupwaregroupware /�"ru�pweə/ noun softwaredesigned to be shared collaboratively by anumber of users on a computer networkgsmgsm noun a way of showing the weight ofpaper used in printing. Full form gramsper square metre

gTLD

gTLD /�d�i� ti� el �di�/ noun the portion ofan Internet address that identifies it asbelonging to a specific generic domainclass, e.g. com, edu or gov. Full formgeneric top-level domainguard

guard /"ɑ�d/ noun 1. something whichprotects, especially a card which protectsan illustration or a strip of linen pasted ontothe back fold of a signature 2. a strip ofpaper sewn between sections of a book, towhich tipped-in illustrations can be glued,also used to increase the bulk at the spineso as to allow space for folded maps orplates to be insertedguarding

guarding /�"ɑ�dŋ/ noun 1. the joining ofa single sheet to a book or magazine 2. theact of pasting a strip of paper or gauze tothe fold of a signature to repair orstrengthen itguideguide /"ad/ noun 1. a book of instruc-tions 2. a person who shows people thewayguide bars

guide bars /�"ad bɑ�z/ plural nounspecial lines in a barcode which show thestart and finish of the code � The standardguide bars are two thin lines that are alittle longer than the coding lines.guidebook

guidebook /�"adbυk/ noun a bookcontaining information for tourists about acountry, place or institutionguideline

guideline /�"adlan/ noun 1. generalinstructions given to a compositor 2. anunofficial suggestion from the manage-ment as to how something should be done� All editors should follow the guidelinesfor dealing with agents which have beenlaid down by the editorial director. 3. a lineon artwork, showing the edge of theprinting areaguild

guild /"ld/ noun an association of peoplewith similar interests or skills who jointogether to support each otherguillemets

guillemets /�"i�əme/ plural noun smallangled quotation marks (« and »), used insome languages to indicate speech, whenin English inverted commas would beused. Also called chevrons, duck-footquotesguillotine

guillotine /�"ləti�n/ noun a device usedfor cutting and trimming paper � verb tocut paper with a guillotinegum

gum /"�m/ noun a type of glue which ismade from plant resin � He stuck the labelto the box with gum. � verb to stick withglue


gum arabic 122gum arabic

gum arabic /�"�m ��rəbk/ noun gummade from resin from acacia trees, used asan adhesive on stamps and labelsgummed label

gummed label /"�md �leb(ə)l/ noun alabel with dry glue on it, which has to bemade wet to make it stickgummed paper

gummed paper /�"�md �pepə/ nounpaper with dry glue on it, which sticks if itis moistenedgummed tape

gummed tape /�"�md �tep/ nounpaper tape with glue on it, which stickswhen moistenedgumming up

gumming up /�"�mŋ ��p/ noun theprocess of covering a lithographic stonewith a thin layer of gum arabic, to enhancethe printed imagegusset

gusset /�"�sət/ noun folded paper whichforms the expanding edge of a pocket

GutenbergGutenberg /�"υtənb!�"/ noun JohannesGutenberg (1399?–1468), a Germanprinter, and the inventor of printing as weknow it. Gutenberg was the man who sawthat separate pieces of metal type, one foreach letter, could be duplicated by beingcast from matrices, and that these separatepieces of type could then be put together inrows, clamped into chases, inked andmultiple impressions taken from them.This method of typesetting did not materi-ally change until the phototypesettingmachines of the 1960s.guttergutter /�"�tə/ noun the inside marginbetween two pages of type. Compareforedge margingutter pressgutter press /�"�tə pres/ noun a namefor the tabloid newspapers which printlarge amounts of gossip rather than factualnews. � yellow press


Hhachehache /h�ʃ/ noun a symbol (#) to indi-cate a space, or to indicate the word‘number.’ � hashhackhack /h�k/ noun a writer who producespoor-quality material only for moneyhack workhack work /�h�k w!�k/ noun an unin-spired work written to orderhack writerhack writer /�h�k �ratə/ noun a writerwho will write anything to orderhagglehaggle /�h�"(ə)l/ verb to discuss pricesand terms and try to reduce them � tohaggle over the details of a contract � Aftertwo days’ haggling the agreement wassigned.hairlinehairline /�heəlan/ noun a very thin lineor a thin stroke on a character, as opposedto the main stemhairline serifhairline serif /�heəlan �serf/ noun aserif which is simply a thin straight linehair spacehair space /�heə spes/ noun a very thinspace between characters, in letterpresshalf a point or one twelfth of an em widehalationhalation /hə|�leʃ(ə)n/ noun a halo effectin the light parts of a photograph, causedby light reflecting back from the emulsionhalfhalf /hɑ�f/ noun one of two parts intowhich something is divided � The first halfof the book is the text, and the rest is takenup with supplements. � adjective dividedinto two partshalf bindinghalf binding /�hɑ�f �bandŋ/ noun atype of bookbinding in which the back andsometimes the corners of a book are boundin one material and the sides in anotherhalf bound bookhalf bound book /�hɑ�f baυnd �bυk/noun a book with a style of binding whichwas common from the beginning of the19th century, where binding leathers orvellum were used on the spine and cornersand the rest of the boards were coveredwith marbled paper or plain paper andcloth

half leather bindinghalf leather binding /�hɑ�f �leðə�bandŋ/ noun a binding on a hardcoverbook, where the spine and corners arecovered with leather and the rest is left inordinary cloth or paperhalf line blockhalf line block /�hɑ�f lan �blɒk/ noun aline block where the lines appear greyer,made by using parallel cross-lineshalf measurehalf measure /�hɑ�f �me�ə/ noun aprocess in which type is set at half itsnormal width, usually to leave space for anillustrationhalf pagehalf page /�hɑ�f �ped�/ noun half of afull page � We need to save a half pagefrom the index. � The book has sixteen halfpage line drawings.half platehalf plate /�hɑ�f �plet/ noun 1. an illus-tration which takes half a page 2. acommon format for small photographs, 6 x4 incheshalf sheet workhalf sheet work /�hɑ�f �ʃi�t �w!�k/noun a printing process in which both sidesof a sheet are printed from the same forme,giving two identical copies. � work andtwisthalf spacehalf space /�hɑ�f �spes/ noun a papermovement in a printer by half the amountof a normal characterhalf stuffhalf stuff /�hɑ�f �st�f/ noun paper pulpready for the beaterhalf titlehalf title /�hɑ�f �tat(ə)l/ noun the firstpage of a book with only the title and notthe details of the publisher or authorhalftonehalftone /�hɑ�ftəυn/, half-tone noun 1.continuous shading of a printed area 2. ashade of grey appearing to be halfwaybetween white and black 3. an illustrationmade using the halftone process � a bookwith 25 halftone illustrations � We need afull page halftone facing the beginning ofthe chapter.

COMMENT: Halftones are made by breakingup a continuous tone pattern into a series of


halftone block 124

dots of varying sizes. When printed, thedots appear to merge into a continuoustone, though if you look at them closely thedots are visible. The dots are created byscanning or by photographing the originalthrough a screen, which is a mesh of criss-cross lines or a series of dots.

halftone blockhalftone block /�hɑ�ftəυn blɒk/ nounan illustration on a copper block where theimage has been broken up by a screen sothat it is made up of a series of dots ofdifferent sizeshalftone processhalftone process /�hɑ�ftəυn�prəυses/, halftoning noun the process ofmaking halftones from photographshalftone screenhalftone screen /�hɑ�ftəυn skri�n/noun a screen with cross-lines or a grid ofdots used for preparing a halftone illustra-tionhalf uphalf up /�hɑ�f ��p/ adjective relating to anillustration which is prepared at one and ahalf times the size it will be printed in thebookhalf-yearhalf-year /�hɑ�f �jiə/ noun six months ofan accounting periodhalf-yearlyhalf-yearly /�hɑ�f �jəli/ adjective 1.happening every six months � a half-yearly magazine 2. relating to a period ofsix months � a half-yearly royalty state-ment � adverb every six months � We paysome royalties half-yearly.halidehalide /�helad/ noun a silver compoundwhich is used to provide a light-sensitivecoating on photographic film and paperhalohalo /�heləυ/ noun 1. a photographiceffect seen as a dark region with a verybright line around it, caused by pointingthe camera into the light 2. thicker ink atthe edge of halftone dots, which makes thedots darkerhandhand /h�nd/ noun a printed sign indi-cating a reference or the beginning of aparagraphhandbillhandbill /�h�ndbl/ noun a sheet ofprinted paper, printed on one side only,handed out to members of the public as anadvertisementhandbindinghandbinding /�h�ndbandŋ/ nounbinding in which each book is bound sepa-rately by a trained operatorhandbookhandbook /�h�ndbυk/ noun a book ofadvice and instructionshandboundhandbound /�h�ndbaυnd/ adjectivebound separately by a trained operator �An illustrated edition of Shakespeare hasbeen handbound in white leather.

hand-colouredhand-coloured /�h�nd �k�ləd/ adjec-tive relating to an image such as a linedrawing that has been coloured by hand �an early 19th-century travel book withhand-coloured illustrationsH & JH & J /�etʃ ənd �d�e/, h & j abbreviationhyphenation and justificationhandlehandle /�h�nd(ə)l/ verb to deal with oraccept responsibility for a situation orpeoplehand letteringhand lettering /�h�nd �letərŋ/ nounthe drawing of letters by hand, used whendesigning publicity materialhandling chargeshandling charges /�h�ndlŋ�tʃɑ�d�z/ plural noun money to be paidfor packing and invoicing, for movinggoods from one place to another, or fordealing with something in general � Thecompany adds on 5% handling charges forprocessing orders on our behalf.handling stiffnesshandling stiffness /�h�ndlŋ�stfnəs/ noun the amount of stiffness inpaper such as newsprint which is handled alothandmadehandmade /�h�ndmed/ adjective madeby hand, not by machinehandmade paperhandmade paper /�h�ndmed �pepə/noun paper which is made by hand, using ahand mould to take stock from a vat andthen, after the water has been shaken out,dried on felt padshand mouldhand mould /�h�nd məυld/ noun awooden frame with a wire mesh bottom, inwhich handmade paper is madehandouthandout /�h�ndaυt/ noun a printedpaper which supports a talk or lecture withsummaries or other informationhand presshand press /�h�nd pres/ noun aprinting press which is operated by hand,printing one sheet at a time � The book ofpoems was printed on his own hand press.hand rollerhand roller /�h�nd �rəυlə/ noun a rollerused to ink the type by hand on a handpresshand-sethand-set /�h�nd �set/ verb to set metaltype by handhand-settinghand-setting /�h�nd �setŋ/ noun thesetting of a text in metal type by handhand-set typehand-set type /�h�nd set �tap/ noun atype which has been set by handhand sewinghand sewing /�h�nd �səυŋ/ noun thesewing of the sections of a book togetherby handhandwritinghandwriting /�h�ndratŋ/ noun asystem of putting words on paper using a


125 head buyer

pen or pencil � Everyone has their owndistinctive style of handwriting.handwrittenhandwritten /�h�nd|�rt(ə)n/ adjectivewritten with a pen or pencil rather thanprinted by a machinehanging figureshanging figures /�h�ŋŋ �f"əz/ pluralnoun figures which have ascenders anddescendershanging indenthanging indent /�h�ŋŋ �ndent/ nouna type of indentation where the first line isfull out and the rest of the paragraph isindented. Also called reverse indenthanging paragraphhanging paragraph /�h�ŋŋ�p�rə"rɑ�f/ noun a paragraph with thefirst line full width and the rest indentedhardbackhardback /�hɑ�db�k/ noun a copy of abook with a board cover. Compare paper-backhardback rightshardback rights /�hɑ�db�k rats/plural noun the right to publish a hardbackedition of a book which was originallypublished as a paperbackhard bargainhard bargain /�hɑ�d �bɑ�"n/ noun abargain with difficult termshardboundhardbound /�hɑ�dbaυnd/ adjectivebound as a book in a stiff coverhard cashhard cash /�hɑ�d �k�ʃ/ noun money innotes and coins which is ready at handhard copyhard copy /�hɑ�d �kɒpi/ noun a printedversion of a document held on a computerhardcoverhardcover /�hɑ�dk�və/ noun PUBL sameas hardbackhard currencyhard currency /�hɑ�d �k�rənsi/ nounthe currency of a country which has astrong economy and which can be changedinto other currencies easily � a hardcurrency deal � Exports which can earnhard currency for the Soviet Union. �These goods must be paid for in hardcurrency.hard diskhard disk /�hɑ�d dsk/ noun a rigidmagnetic disk usually built into acomputer, which can store much more datathan a floppy diskhard hyphenhard hyphen /�hɑ�d �haf(ə)n/ noun ahyphen which is part of the normal spellingof a word. Also called required hyphenhard mechanicalhard mechanical /�hɑ�d m|

�k�nk(ə)l/ noun a physical paste-up oftext and illustrations on paper, ready to bephotographed. Compare soft mechanicalhard packinghard packing /�hɑ�d �p�kŋ/ noun stiffpaper used to wrap round a printingcylinder to give a sharp image whenprinting on hard paper

hard pencilhard pencil /�hɑ�d �pens(ə)l/ noun apencil with a hard lead making precisegrey lineshard sellinghard selling /�hɑ�d �selŋ/ noun the actof selling by using great persuasive efforts� A lot of hard selling went into that deal.hard-sized paperhard-sized paper /�hɑ�d sazd �pepə/noun paper containing a large quantity ofsizehardwarehardware /�hɑ�dweə/ noun themachinery of a computer, rather than theprograms written for ithardwoodhardwood /�hɑ�dwυd/ noun wood froma tree which loses its leaves in winter, asopposed to conifers which give softwoodhardwood pulphardwood pulp /�hɑ�dwυd p�lp/ nounpaper pulp from hardwood trees, whichgives a bulky opaque paperHart’s RulesHart’s Rules /�hɑ�ts ru�lz/ plural noun abook of instructions on spelling, hyphena-tion and punctuation, originally publishedfor the benefit of staff at Oxford UniversityPress, but used by most printers andpublishers (NOTE: The American equivalentis the Manual of Style published by theUniversity of Chicago Press. The full title is‘Hart’s Rules for Compositors and Readersat the University Press, Oxford’.)Harvard systemHarvard system /�hɑ�vəd �sstəm/noun a bibliographic reference system,used in academic publishing, in which theauthor and date are given in the text and thefull reference is supplied in a general list ofreferenceshashhash /h�ʃ/, hashmark /�h�ʃmɑ�k/ nounUS a printed sign (#) which indicates oneof a series of numbershatchinghatching /�h�tʃŋ/ noun a series of linesdrawn across an illustration to indicatetonesheadhead /hed/ noun the top or most impor-tant part or person � verb 1. to be themanager or the most important person � tohead a department � He is heading abuying mission to China. 2. to put a title toa chapter or page, etc. � See the paragraphheaded ‘Final Comments’.headbandheadband /�hedb�nd/ noun a decora-tive strip, often in two colours, along thetop of the back of the book, inside the spineheadboxheadbox /�hedbɒks/ noun a vat of liquidpulp from which the pulp passes onto thewire mesh to be made into paper. Alsocalled flowboxhead buyerhead buyer /�hed �baə/ noun the mostimportant buyer in a department store


headcap 126headcapheadcap /�hedk�p/ noun a piece ofleather binding on the spine, which foldsover at the top and bottom and is tuckedinto the spineheaded paperheaded paper /�hedd �pepə/ nounnotepaper with the name of the companyand its address printed on itheaderheader /�hedə/ noun 1. (in a document) apiece of text that appears at the very top ofeach page, containing e.g. the chaptername and the page number. � footer 2. thebeginning of an e-mail message with fullinformation about the recipient’s address,sender’s name and address and anydelivery optionsheader blockheader block /�hedə blɒk/ noun a blockof data at the beginning of a file, whichcontains the file characteristicsheadingheading /�hedŋ/ noun a word, phrase,title or name at the beginning of a page,section or catalogue entryheadlineheadline /�hedlan/ noun 1. the title atthe top of a page in a book or the title of anarticle in a newspaper story 2. a spoken listof items to be covered in a radio or TVnews bulletinheadlinerheadliner /�hedlanə/ noun a typesettingmachine which produces display settinghead marginhead margin /�hed �mɑ�d�n/ noun themargin between the text and the top of thepagehead of departmenthead of department /�hed əv d |

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a person who is respon-sible for a group of people working in thesame departmentheadpieceheadpiece /�hedpi�s/ noun a decorativedesign at the beginning of a chapter.Compare tailpiecehead uphead up /�hed ��p/ verb to be in charge ofa group � He has been appointed to headup our European organisation.headwordheadword /�hedw!�d/ noun the mainentry word in a dictionaryheater boxheater box /�hi�tə bɒks/ noun a box inwhich a die is placed to be heated beforetoolingheatsealedheatsealed /�hi�tsi�ld/ adjective relatingto shrink-wrapping which is sealed byheatingheat sealingheat sealing /�hi�t �si�lŋ/ noun the actof sealing plastic shrink-wrapping byheating itheat-set inkheat-set ink /�hi�t set �ŋk/ noun inkwhich dries when it is heated, used e.g. ina heat-set web offset machine

heat transfer copierheat transfer copier /�hi�t �tr�nsf!��kɒpiə/ noun a type of small copyingmachine which takes the print dye fromprinted paper and transfers it to anothersurface such as paper or clothheavyheavy /�hevi/ adjective thick or bold � abook printed in heavy typeheavy equipmentheavy equipment /�hevi |�kwpmənt/noun large machines such as for makingcars or for printingheavy ruleheavy rule /�hevi ru�l/ noun a thick lineheightheight /hat/ noun a measurement of howtall or high something isheight to paperheight to paper /�hat tə �pepə/ nounthe standard height of metal type, 0.918inches or 23.3mm in the UK and USAhell boxhell box /�hel bɒks/ noun a box in whichbroken pieces of type, or type that is in thewrong case, can be puthemphemp /hemp/ noun a plant used formaking rope and paper

COMMENT: Hemp waste or old ropes areused to make pulp: hemp paper is very thin,but strong and opaque. India paper andairmail paper can be made from hemp.

hempel quoinhempel quoin /�hemp(ə)l kɔn/ noun aquoin used to tighten a forme, by placing itin a corner of the forme and tightening itwith a keyHercules graphics adapterHercules graphics adapter/�h!�kju�li�z �"r�fks ə|�d�ptə/ noun astandard for high-resolution monographics adapter developed by HerculesCorporation that can display text orgraphics at a resolution of 720x348 pixels.Abbr HGAHer Majesty’s Stationery OfficeHer Majesty’s Stationery Office/�h!� �m�d�əstz �steʃ(ə)n(ə)ri �ɒfs/noun the publications office of the Britishgovernment. Abbr HMSOHewlett Packard LaserJetHewlett Packard LaserJet /�hewlət�p�kɑ�d �lezəd�et/, HP LaserJet /�etʃ�pi� �lezəd�et/ noun a laser printer manu-factured by Hewlett Packard which uses itsPCL language to describe a pageHewlett Packard Printer Control LanguageHewlett Packard Printer ControlLanguage /�hewlət �p�kɑ�d �prntəkən |�trəυl �l�ŋ"wd�/ noun a standard setof commands developed by HewlettPackard to allow a software application tocontrol a laser printer’s functions. AbbrHP-PCLHGAHGA abbreviation Hercules graphicsadapterhickeyhickey /�hki/, hicky noun a dirty markon a printed sheet made by dust or ink on afilm or plate


127 hollowhidehide /had/ noun leather made from theskin of animals older than a calf, used forbinding large-format bookshi-endhi-end /�ha end/ noun a pre-press systemof larger capacity and range than a DTPsystem, found in specialised trade houseshigh-bulk antiquehigh-bulk antique /�ha b�lk �n|�ti�k/noun US light, very thick paper, formerlyused for children’s books (NOTE: The UKterm is featherweight antique.)higher learninghigher learning /�haə �l!�nŋ/ nouneducation or study at university levelhighest bidderhighest bidder /�haəst �bdə/ noun aperson who offers the most money at anauction � The property was sold to thehighest bidder.high gloss paperhigh gloss paper /�ha "lɒs �pepə/noun paper with a very shiny finishhigh-gradehigh-grade /�ha "red/ adjective ofvery good quality � a high-grade art paperhigh-level languagehigh-level language /�ha �lev(ə)l�l�ŋ"wd�/ noun a computer program-ming language that is easy to use and usesnatural languagehighlighthighlight /�halat/ verb to colour ormark text on a document or computerscreen to make it stand out from the resthighlight bumphighlight bump /�halat b�mp/ nounan act of increasing the sharpness of thehighlights in a halftone by exposing thefilm to the original a second time, afterscreeninghighlightshighlights /�halats/ plural noun 1. themain white or light-coloured parts of anillustration 2. characters or symbols treatedto make them stand out from the rest of thetext, often by using bold typehigh qualityhigh quality /�ha �kwɒlti/ adjectivevery best quality � The firm specialises inhigh quality four-colour printing.high-resolutionhigh-resolution /�ha �rezə |�lu�ʃ(ə)n/adjective relating to the ability to display ordetect a very large number of pixels perunit area. Abbr hi-res

COMMENT: Currently, high-resolutiongraphics displays can show images at aresolution of 1024 x 1024 pixels, high-resolution printers can print at 600 or 800dots per inch and a high-resolution scannercan scan at a resolution of 800 or 1200 dotsper inch.

high spaceshigh spaces /�ha �spesz/, highquads plural noun spaces in letterpresswhich are the shoulder height of the typehighspeed skiphighspeed skip /�haspi�d skp/ nouna rapid movement in a printer to miss theperforations in continuous stationery

hingehinge /hnd�/ noun a line along which abook cover bends, where the front or backof the cover joins the spine, strengthened incased books by a strip of gauzehinged stylehinged style /�hnd�d stal/ noun atype of cut flush paperback binding wherethe cover is creased in four places, head tofoot, and glue is applied to the spine andabout 3mm to first and last pageshirehire /�haə/ noun the act of paying moneyto rent a car, boat or piece of equipment fora timehi-reshi-res /�ha �rez/ abbreviation high-reso-lutionhistogramhistogram /�hstə"r�m/ noun a graphon which the data is represented by verticalor horizontal barshistorical figurehistorical figure /h|�stɒrk(ə)l �f"ə/noun a person who was current in the pasthistorical novelhistorical novel /h |�stɒrk(ə)l�nɒv(ə)l/ noun a type of fiction where theaction is accurately placed in some definitetime in the pasthistoric costhistoric cost /h |�stɒrk �kɒst/, histor-ical cost /h|�stɒrk(ə)l �kɒst/ noun theactual cost of something which was madesome time agohithit /ht/ noun 1. a successful match whensearching a database 2. a response to arequest sent from an Internet browserHM Revenue and CustomsHM Revenue and Customs /�atʃ em�revənju� ən �k�stəmz/ noun the UKgovernment department which deals withtaxes on imports and with VAT. AbbrHMRCHMSOHMSO abbreviation Her Majesty’sStationery Officeholding linesholding lines /�həυldŋ �f"əz/ pluralnoun lines on a page design, showingwhere the artwork is to be placedholdoutholdout /�həυldaυt/ noun the degree ofresistance to ink absorption of a piece ofpaperholiday entitlementholiday entitlement /�hɒlde n|

�tat(ə)lmənt/ noun the number of days’paid holiday which an employee has theright to take � She has not used up all herholiday entitlement.Holland clothHolland cloth /�hɒlənd klɒθ/ noun astiff cloth used to strengthen hingeshollander beaterhollander beater /�hɒləndə �bi�tə/noun a machine for beating paper pulphollowhollow /�hɒləυ/ adjective empty or withnothing inside � noun 1. a space betweenthe back and the sewn signatures 2. a paper


hollow back binding 128

tube glued to the spine of a book and to thecovers, in order to strengthen the bindinghollow back bindinghollow back binding /�hɒləυ b�k�bandŋ/ noun binding in which the backis not glued to the spine of the book block,but is rounded to leave a space between itand the sewn signatures. Also called openback bindinghologramhologram /�hɒlə"r�m/ noun a three-dimensional photographic image createdby laser beamsholographholograph /�hɒlə"rɑ�f/ noun a book ordocument written in the author’s ownhandwritinghome countryhome country /�həυm �k�ntri/ noun acountry where a company is basedhomepagehomepage /�həυmped�/ noun 1. theopening page of an Internet website 2.somebody’s personal website on theInternet, often containing personal data,photographs or contact informationhome-produced productshome-produced products /�həυmprə|�dju�st �prɒd�kts/ plural noun prod-ucts manufactured in the country where acompany is basedhome saleshome sales /�həυm �selz/ plural nounsales in the country where a company isbased. Also called domestic saleshome tradehome trade /�həυm �tred/ noun tradein the country where a company is basedhonorariumhonorarium /�ɒnə |�reəriəm/ noun apayment made for professional serviceswhich are usually provided without chargehook downhook down /�hυk daυn/ noun the end ofa line which runs over to the next line andis attached to the line below with a brackethooked plateshooked plates /�hυkt plets/ pluralnoun plates that have a narrow folded edgewhich hooks round a printed sectionhook uphook up /�hυk �p/ noun the end of a linewhich runs over to the next line and isattached to the line above with a brackethopperhopper /�hɒpə/ noun the part of afinishing machine onto which foldedsections are loaded so that they can beboundhorizontal axishorizontal axis /�hɒrzɒnt(ə)l ��kss/noun reference lines used for horizontalcoordinates on a graphhorizontal dimensionhorizontal dimension /�hɒr|�zɒnt(ə)lda|�menʃən/ noun the width of a pagefrom inside margin to outside marginhorizontal formathorizontal format /�hɒrzɒnt(ə)l�fɔ�m�t/ noun US a book format wherethe spine and foredge are shorter than the

top and bottom edges (NOTE: The UK termis landscape format.)horizontal wraparoundhorizontal wraparound/�hɒrzɒnt(ə)l �r�pə |�raυnd/ noun move-ment of a cursor on a computer displayfrom the end of one line to the beginning ofthe nexthosthost /həυst/ noun the main computer in asystem which allows access to online data-bases � verb to provide storage space on aserver computer where a user can storefiles or data, often used to store the filesrequired for a websitehostinghosting /�həυstŋ/ noun the business ofputting websites onto the Internet so thatpeople can visit themhosting optionhosting option /�həυstŋ �ɒpʃən/ nounany of the different kinds of hosting that abusiness may use when putting a websiteon the Internet and that are usuallyprovided by specialist hosting companieshost servicehost service /�həυst �s!�vs/ noun acompany that provides connections to theInternet and storage space on its computerswhich can store the files for a user’swebsitehot-ground pulphot-ground pulp /�hɒt "raυnd �p�lp/noun paper pulp which has been groundwith very little water, allowing the pulp tobecome hotterhotlinehotline /�hɒtlan/ noun a direct telephoneline giving direct access, used e.g. forquick ordering, for complaints or betweenheads of governmentshot linkhot link /�hɒt �lŋk/ noun a commandwithin a hypertext program that links ahotspot or hotword on one page with asecond destination page which is displayedif the user selects the hotspothot melt adhesivehot melt adhesive /�hɒt melt əd |

�hi�sv/ noun binding glue which is heatedbefore being usedhot metal compositionhot metal composition /�hɒt �met(ə)l�kɒmpə |�zʃ(ə)n/, hot metal, hot typenoun a form of typesetting where charac-ters or whole words or lines of type are setusing molten metal, from instructionsgiven to the setting machine on perforatedtape produced by the compositor’skeyboard � The book was set in hot metal.� We used hot metal setting for his lastbook.

COMMENT: Hot metal setting was used bothfor books and for newspapers for over 100years. The ‘Guardian’ newspaper was stillbeing set in hot metal in 1987. This type ofsetting is still occasionally used by jobbingprinters.


129 .htmlhot presshot press /�hɒt pres/ noun a press usedto block letters on a coverhot-pressed paperhot-pressed paper /�hɒt prest �pepə/noun paper which is pressed betweenheated metal plates to make it smoothhot-pressinghot-pressing /�hɒt �presŋ/ noun theblocking of letters on a cover with a hotstamphotspothotspot /�hɒtspɒt/ noun a special areaon an image or display that does somethingwhen the cursor is moved onto it � Theimage of the trumpet is a hotspot and willplay a sound when you move the pointerover it.hotwordhotword /�hɒtw!�d/ noun a word withindisplayed text that does something whenthe cursor is moved onto it or it is selectedhot zonehot zone /�hɒt zəυn/ noun a text area tothe left of the right margin in a word-proc-essed document, where if a word does notfit completely into the line, a hyphen isautomatically insertedhousehouse /haυz/ noun a company, especiallya publishing company � a Frenchpublishing house � She works for a tradepublishing house. � We employ six in-house keyboarders.house adhouse ad /�haυs �d/ noun an advertise-ment in a magazine, advertising somethingoffered for sale by the magazine itself,used to fill advertising space that has notbeen soldhouse copyhouse copy /�haυs �kɒpi/ noun a copyof a magazine or book used in thepublisher’s officeshouse correctionshouse corrections /�haυs kə |

�rekʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun corrections notedby the proofreaders employed by theprinter or publisherhouse editorhouse editor /�haυs �edtə/ noun aneditor employed by a publishing companyhouse journalhouse journal /�haυs �d�!�n(ə)l/ nounan internal magazine giving informationand news to the employees of a company ororganisation. Also called house maga-zine

‘…the new premises are said to be ‘asixth of the cost’ and have better facilitiesfor training and meetings… theorganisation will offer a full package ofmembership benefits as before –including Aslib journals from Emerald, arange of training courses, and themonthly Managing Information housejournal.’ [Information World Review]

house magazinehouse magazine /�haυs m�"ə|�zi�n/noun same as house journalhouse organhouse organ /�haυs �ɔ�"ən/ noun amagazine published by a business or otherorganisation for its employees orcustomers, containing information aboutthe company, its products and itsemployeeshouse readerhouse reader /�haυs �ri�də/ noun aproofreader employed by a printer orpublishing househouse stylehouse style /�haυs �stal/ noun a styleof writing and presentation that is specificto a particular group, company or organisa-tion

COMMENT: The aim of a house style is togive consistency to all the products of apublishing house, thus making them morerecognisable to the reading public. In thecase of magazines, contributors will be senta style sheet which shows how they shouldlay out their contributions. A house style willcover many aspects of layout, such asheadlines, position of folios, typefaces andsizes; it will also cover details of spellingand punctuation: the form for writing dates(1st January 1999 or January 1st, 1999 or1st Jan. 1999 or 01.01.99, etc.); the use offull stops after abbreviations (Mr or Mr.,P.O.Box or PO Box, etc.). Most publishingcompanies have their own style sheetswhich are given to editors and form part ofthe training programme for new editorialand production staff. Many printers as wellas publishers have their own house styleand many follow the style of one of theUniversity Presses (Oxford andCambridge).

house-to-househouse-to-house /�haυs tə �haυs/adjective going from one house to the next,asking people to buy something � house-to-house encyclopedia sellinghow-to bookhow-to book /�haυ �tu� �bυk/ noun USsame as do-it-yourself handbookHP/PCLHP/PCL abbreviation Hewlett PackardPrinter Control LanguageHTMLHTML /�etʃ ti� em �el/ noun a series ofspecial codes which define the typefaceand style that should be used whendisplaying the text and also allow hypertextlinks to other parts of the document or toother documents. Full form HyperTextMarkup Language. � SGML, XML.html.html suffix a file extension for an HTMLfile. Full form HyperText MarkupLanguage

COMMENT: Normally used to define screensused in the World Wide Web on theInternet, similar to SGML; for example, the‘<p>’ code means new paragraph, the ‘<b>’code means display in bold. A document


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coded in HTML can be displayed on anyviewer software that understands HTML.

HTTPHTTP /�etʃ ti� ti� �pi�/ noun a series ofcommands used by a browser to ask anInternet web server for information about awebpage. Full form hypertext transferprotocolhumidityhumidity /hju� |�mdti/ noun the amountof moisture in a substance such as paperHunter Lab valuesHunter Lab values /�h�ntə l�b�v�lju�z/ plural noun US colour measure-ment scales used to measure colour valueshurthurt /h!�t/ verb to harm or damage some-thing � The bad publicity did not hurt oursales. � The company has been hurt by thecuts in educational expenditure. � It won’thurt to let the author make a few changes.hurt bookshurt books /�h!�t bυks/ plural noun USdamaged or soiled books, which are thensold cheaplyhybrid libraryhybrid library /�habrd �labrəri/ nouna place in which information can beaccessed both in hard copy and electronicformatshybrid typefacehybrid typeface /�habrd �tapfes/noun a computer-generated typefacewhich combines elements of several faceshydrapulperhydrapulper /�hadrəp�lpə/ noun atank in which dry pulp and other ingredi-ents are added to water when making paperhydrationhydration /ha |�dreʃ(ə)n/ noun a condi-tion of paper pulp where water does notdrain away from it through the meshhygrometerhygrometer /ha|�"rɒmtə/ noun aninstrument which measures relativehumidityhypehype /hap/ noun excessive claims madein advertising � all the hype surroundingthe launch of the new novel � verb to makeexcessive claims in advertisinghyperlinkhyperlink /�hapəlŋk/ noun a word,symbol, image or other element in a hyper-text document that links to another elementin the same document or in another hyper-text documenthypermediahypermedia /�hapəmi�diə/ noun ahypertext system that supports the linkingof graphics, audio and video elements, andtexthypertexthypertext /�hapətekst/ noun 1. a multi-media system of organising information in

which certain words in a document link toother documents and display the text whenthe word is selected 2. a way of linking oneword or image on an Internet page toanother page in which clicking on certainwords or images moves the user directly tothe relevant new pageHyperText Markup LanguageHyperText Markup Language/�hapətekst �mɑ�k�p �l�ŋ"wd�/ nounfull form of HTMLhypertext transfer protocolhypertext transfer protocol/�hapətekst �tr�nsf!� �prəυtəkɒl/ nounfull form of HTTPhyphenhyphen /�haf(ə)n/ noun a punctuationmark (-) used to join two words together, asin ‘two-sided’hyphenatehyphenate /�hafənet/ verb to put ahyphen between two characters, or to sepa-rate a long word at the end of a line byinserting a hyphen � ‘Coordinate’ shouldbe hyphenated. � Can you hyphenate‘bookshop’ as ‘book-shop’?hyphenatedhyphenated /�hafənetd/ adjectiveformed of two words joined by a hyphenhyphenationhyphenation /�hafə|�neʃ(ə)n/ noun away of dividing a long word at the end of aline by inserting a hyphenhyphenation and justification programhyphenation and justificationprogram /�hafəneʃ(ə)n ən �d��stf|

�keʃ(ə)n �prəυ"r�m/ noun a computerprogram which allows the typesettingmachine to justify lines automatically andto hyphenate correctly words that have tobe split at the end of a line. Abbr H&Jprogramhyphenation exception dictionaryhyphenation exception dictionary/�hafəneʃ(ə)n k|�sepʃən �dkʃən(ə)ri/noun a list of words held in a computermemory, which either cannot be divided orare divided in an unusual wayhyphenation routinehyphenation routine /�hafə |�neʃ(ə)nru� |�ti�n/ noun a computer program whichautomatically divides words at the ends oflines and inserts a hyphenhyphenless justificationhyphenless justification /�hafənləs�d��stf |�keʃ(ə)n/ noun justificationcarried out without splitting wordshypohypo /�hapəυ/ noun photographic fixingsolution, used to fix the image after thefilm has been developed


IIAPIAP abbreviation ONLINE Internet accessproviderIBCIBC abbreviation inside back coveribidibid /�bd/, ibidem abbreviation meaning‘in the same place’ (NOTE: Used especiallyin bibliographical references, where ifseveral references are to the same book,the full title is not repeated, but is replacedby ibid: ibid, page 324.)iconicon /�akɒn/ noun a picture or symbolthat is universally recognised to be repre-sentative of somethingiconographyiconography /�akə|�nɒ"rəfi/ noun theset of symbols or images used in a partic-ular field of activity such as music orcinema and recognised by people as havinga particular meaningICRICR abbreviation intelligent characterrecognition-ics-ics /ks/ suffix forming nouns referring toa science, art or branch of knowledgeid.id. abbreviation idemidealideal /a |�dəl/ adjective perfect or verygood for something � This is the ideal sizefor a pocket dictionary.ideal formatideal format /a |�dəl �fɔ�m�t/ noun astandard large format for photographicnegatives, used mainly in professionalequipmentidemidem /�dem/ noun a Latin word meaning‘the same’, used to refer to a referencewhich has just been used. Abbr id.idiot copyidiot copy /�diət �kɒpi/ noun akeyboarded text without any formattingcommandsidiot tapeidiot tape /�diət tep/ noun a computertape with plain text, without typesettingcodes, which cannot be typeset untilformatting data, such as hyphenation, justi-fication, line width, and page size, has beenadded by a computer

idle machineryidle machinery /�ad(ə)l mə|�ʃi�nəri/noun machines not being usedidleridler, idling roller noun a roller on a webpress which turns freelyidle timeidle time /�ad(ə)l tam/ noun the timewhen a machine is not being usedignorantignorant /�"nərənt/ adjective 1. lackingknowledge or education in general or in aspecific subject 2. caused by a lack ofknowledge, understanding or experienceIGT methodIGT method /�a d�i� �ti� �meθəd/ nouna method of testing paper absorbency inwhich the paper is printed with a solutionof Sudan Red in dibutylphthalateIGT printability testerIGT printability tester /�a d�i� ti��prntə|�blti �testə/ noun a device forprinting strips of paper under controlledconditions, used to measure oil absorbencyand pick resistanceILLILL abbreviation inter-library loanillegibilityillegibility /l|�led� |�blti/ noun the factof being illegibleillegibleillegible /|�led�b(ə)l/ adjective so badlywritten that it cannot be readillicitillicit /|�lst/ adjective not legal or notpermitted � the illicit sale of pornographicmagazinesilliteracyilliteracy / |�lt(ə)rəsi/ noun the inabilityto read or writeilliterateilliterate /|�lt(ə)rət/ adjective 1. unableto read or write 2. unable to understand oroperate a piece of technology � He iscomputer-illiterate.illuminateilluminate /|�lu�mnet/ verb 1. to illus-trate a medieval manuscript 2. to shinelight on something 3. to make things clearby explaining themilluminationillumination / |�lu�m |�neʃ(ə)n/ nounthe painting of initial letters in manuscriptswith gold, silver and coloursillustrateillustrate /�ləstret/ verb 1. to drawpictures or diagrams to put into written text


illustrated 132

2. to make a point clear by using examplesor storiesillustratedillustrated /�ləstretd/ adjectiverelating to a text that includes pictures anddiagrams � The book is illustrated withtwenty-five full-colour plates.illustrationillustration /�lə |�streʃ(ə)n/ noun apicture, chart or diagram which helps toexplain the words of a book or talkillustration boardillustration board /�lə|�streʃ(ə)n�bɔ�d/ noun thick card used for artworkillustratorillustrator /�ləstretə/ noun a personwho does the drawings or pictures for abookimageimage /�md�/ noun 1. a picture orreflection of somebody or something 2. incomputing, an exact replica of an area ofmemoryimage degradationimage degradation /�md��de"rədeʃ(ə)n/ noun a loss of picturecontrast and quality due to signal distortionor bad copying of a video signalimage masterimage master /�md� �mɑ�stə/ nounthe master type from which characters usedin phototypesetting are formedimage scannerimage scanner /�md� �sk�nə/ nounan electronic device that converts picturesor drawings into machine-readable formimage setterimage setter /�md� �setə/ noun atypesetting device that can process a Post-Script page and produce a high-resolutionoutputimagesettingimagesetting /�md�setŋ/ noun amethod of typesetting that creates charac-ters directly from a computer fileimagingimaging /�md�ŋ/ noun a technique forcreating pictures on a computer screenimitateimitate /�mtet/ verb to do what some-body else does � They imitate all our salesgimmicks.imitationimitation /�m |�teʃ(ə)n/ noun some-thing that copies something elseimitation art paperimitation art paper /�mteʃ(ə)n �ɑ�t�pepə/ noun smooth calendered paperwhich looks like art paper, but is not coated(NOTE: The US term is English finish.)imitation clothimitation cloth /�mteʃ(ə)n �klɒθ/noun cover material which looks like clothimitation leather bindingimitation leather binding/�mteʃ(ə)n �leðə �bandŋ/ nounbinding in a plastic material which lookslike leatherimitation parchmentimitation parchment /�mteʃ(ə)n�pɑ�tʃmənt/ noun tough paper which isslightly transparent through having beenbeaten for some time

imp.imp. abbreviation PUBL imprimaturimpactimpact /�mp�kt/ noun a strong effect orinfluence on something, such as of aproduct on its intended audienceimpact paperimpact paper /�mp�kt �pepə/ nounpaper used to provide multiple copies onimpactimpartimpart /m |�pɑ�t/ verb to communicateinformation or knowledgeimperfectimperfect /m|�p!�fkt/ adjective notperfect � a sale of imperfect copies � tocheck a batch for imperfect productsimperfectionimperfection /�mpə|�fekʃən/ noun anitem which is not perfect, such as a bookthat has been badly printed or bound � tocheck a batch for imperfections � We haveasked for a refund because of imperfec-tions.imperialimperial /m|�pəriəl/ noun a traditionalBritish large paper size, measuring 30 x 22inchesimportimport noun /�mpɔ�t/ the importance ofsomething because of the way it is likely toaffect outcomes � They discussed mattersof great import. � verb /m|�pɔ�t/ 1. to buygoods or services in one country and bringthem to one’s own for sale � We use paperimported from Scandinavia. 2. to bringsomething in from outside a system � Youcan import images from the CAD packageinto the DTP program. 3. to convert a filestored in one format to the default formatused by a program � Select import if youwant to open a TIFF graphics file.importationimportation /�mpɔ�|�teʃ(ə)n/ noun theact of importing something � The importa-tion of pornographic literature isforbidden.import dutyimport duty /�mpɔ�t �dju�ti/ noun a taxon goods imported into a countryimporterimporter /m |�pɔ�tə/ noun a person orcompany which imports goods � a paperimporter � The company is a big importerof English paperbacks.import levyimport levy /�mpɔ�t �levi/ noun a taxon imports, especially in the EU a tax onimports of farm produce from outside theEUimport licenceimport licence /�mpɔ�t �las(ə)ns/,import permit /�mpɔ�t �p!�mt/ noundocuments which allow goods to beimportedimport quotaimport quota /�mpɔ�t �kwəυtə/ noun afixed quantity of a particular type of goodswhich the government allows to be


133 independent

imported � The government has imposedan import quota on cars.importsimports /�mpɔ�ts/ plural noun books orother goods brought into a country fromabroad for sale � Imports from Poland haverisen to $1m a year.import surchargeimport surcharge /�mpɔ�t�s!�tʃɑ�d�/ noun extra duty charged onimported goods, to try to prevent themfrom being imported and to encouragelocal manufactureimposeimpose /m |�pəυz/ verb 1. to put a tax ora duty on goods � to impose a tax onimported paper � They tried to impose aban on the sale of anti-government litera-ture. � The government imposed a specialduty on newspapers. 2. to arrange film ortype so that when the sheet is printed it willfold correctly into the right page orderimposed page proofsimposed page proofs /m |�pəυzd�ped� �pru�fs/ plural noun the last stage inpage proofs, where the text is arranged inpages, in the correct position for makingfilms and platesimposing stoneimposing stone /m|�pəυzŋ stəυn/noun a heavy table on which metal typeand blocks were formerly placed to belocked into the chaseimpositionimposition /�mpə|�zʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. theact of arranging the pages of film or type sothat when a sheet is printed, it will foldcorrectly into the right page order 2. the actof putting together the metal type andblocks on the imposing stone, to be lockedinto a chase before printing 3. the act ofputting a tax on goods or servicesimposition schemeimposition scheme /�mpə|�zʃ(ə)n�ski�m/ noun a plan showing how thepages of a book are imposed on the sheetimpressionimpression /m|�preʃ(ə)n/ noun thenumber of copies of a book or documentprinted on the same print run � The book isin its third impression.impression cylinderimpression cylinder /m |�preʃ(ə)n�slndə/ noun a cylinder which prints theimage onto the paperimprimaturimprimatur /�mpr |�metə/ noun 1.authority to do, say or print something 2.an authorisation allowing a book or otherwork to be published, now usuallyconfined to works sanctioned by theRoman Catholic Churchimprintimprint /�mprnt/ noun 1. thepublisher’s or printer’s name whichappears on the title page of a book or docu-ment or in the bibliographical details 2. abrand name under which a book is

published within a larger publishingcompany, which usually represents aspecialised subject area 3. a mark made byfirmly pressing something onto a surface

COMMENT: Catalogues, advertisementsand fliers do not need to have an imprint,but almost all other printed matter (books,newspapers, and even political leaflets)must carry two imprints: that of thepublisher and of the printer. In a book, theimprints will normally appear on the reverseof the title page as part of the bibliographicinformation; in some countries it is usual tohave the printer’s imprint at the end of thebook. In a magazine, imprints may be listedalong with other details of the editors andother staff members.

incidental expensesincidental expenses /�nsdent(ə)l k |

�spensz/ plural noun small amounts ofmoney spent at various times, in additionto larger amountsincisedincised /n |�sazd/ adjective based onletters carved in stoneinclusive chargeinclusive charge /n|�klu�sv �tʃɑ�d�/noun a charge which includes all itemsinclusive type areainclusive type area /n |�klu�sv tap�eəriə/ noun a type area which includes theheaders and footersincrementincrement /�ŋkrmənt/ noun theamount by which something is increasedincremental plotterincremental plotter /�ŋkrment(ə)l�plɒtə/ noun a plotter which receives posi-tional data as increments to its currentposition rather than separate coordinatesincunableincunable /n |�kju�nəb(ə)l/ nounPRINTING same as incunabulumincunabulumincunabulum /�nkju|�n�bjυləm/ nouna book printed from movable type before1501 (NOTE: The plural is incunabula.)indelible inkindelible ink /n|�delb(ə)l �ŋk/ nounink which cannot be removedindelible pencilindelible pencil /n|�delb(ə)l�pens(ə)l/ noun a pencil which makesmarks that cannot be erasedindentindent verb /n |�dent/ to leave a space atthe beginning of a passage of writing(NOTE: The opposite is outdent.) � noun/�ndent/ 1. a blank space at the beginningof a line of typesetting, which starts a littleway in from the left-hand margin � Eachparagraph begins with a 2 em indent. 2. anorder placed by an importer for goods fromoverseas on credit � He put in an indent fora new stock of children’s books.indentationindentation /�nden|�teʃ(ə)n/, inden-tion noun the act of making an indent at thebeginning of a lineindependentindependent /�nd|�pendənt/ adjectivenot connected to, influenced by or needing


independent publisher 134

other people or machines to be able to existor work � the independents shops orcompanies which are owned by privateindividuals and are not part of large groupsindependent publisher

independent publisher/�ndpendənt �p�blʃə/, independentprinter noun a publishing or printingcompany which is not controlled byanother companyIndependent Publishers Guild

Independent Publishers Guild/�ndpendənt �p�blʃəz �"ld/ noun aBritish organisation representing the inter-ests of the many publishers who are itsmembers. Abbr IPGindependent reviewer

independent reviewer /�ndpendənt�p�blʃə/ noun a reviewer who is not affil-iated with any another company or publi-cationindex

index /�ndeks/ noun 1. an alphabeticallist of items contained in a book, documentor computer memory 2. a system by whichthe changes in the value of something canbe compared or measured � Internationalfinancial indexes compare the value ofshares. 3. a finding guide to information ona specific topic � verb to compile an alpha-betical list of contentsindex board

index board /�ndeks bɔ�d/ noun boardused for printing index cardsindex card

index card /�ndeks kɑ�d/ noun a smallcard containing information and usuallyarranged alphabetically in a card index boxindexer

indexer /�ndeksə/ noun a person whocompiles indexes for booksindexing

indexing /�ndeksŋ/ noun the use ofalphabetical methods to organise informa-tion

COMMENT: An index is usually set in smallertype than the text and in two or morecolumns to the page. Normally an index willbegin on a right-hand page, and will befolioed consecutively from the text pages.Bold and italic can be used to highlightimportant or less important items in anindex (as, for example, the page referencesto illustrations). It is always useful to have anote at the beginning of an index to explainhow it has been compiled and the meaningof the various typefaces or symbols used.Indexing was formerly done manually, withthe indexer going through the text andmaking filing cards for the items; there arenow computer indexing programs, in whichthe words in the text are flagged and thecomputer then automatically lists them inalphabetical order, together with thenumbers of the pages on which the wordsfall.

indexing languageindexing language /�ndeksŋ�l�ŋ"wd�/ noun language used inbuilding library or book indexesindex letterindex letter /�ndeks �letə/, indexnumber /�n�mbə/ noun a letter or numberwhich identifies an item in an indexIndex Librorum ProhibitorumIndex Librorum Prohibitorum/�ndeks li� |�brɔ�rəm �prəυhb|�tɔ�rəm/noun a list of books banned by the CatholicChurch. Also called The IndexIndex TranslationumIndex Translationum /�ndeks tr�ns |

�lɑ�ti |�əυnem/ noun a list of all translationspublished in the world, published eachyear by UNESCOIndia inkIndia ink /�ndiə ŋk/, Indian ink/�ndiən ŋk/ noun very black indelibleink, made from lampblack and glueindia paperindia paper /�ndiə �pepə/ nounextremely thin good-quality opaque paper,about 30gsm, which is nevertheless quitestrong, used for printing books with a largenumber of pages such as bibles whichwould be very thick if ordinary paper wereusedindiciaindicia /n |�dsiə/ noun US the mailingpermit printed on a prepaid envelope orcardindirectindirect /�nda|�rekt/ adjective not doneby the shortest or most obvious methodindirect expensesindirect expenses /�ndarekt k|

�spensz/, indirect costs /�ndarekt�kɒsts/ plural noun costs which are notdirectly attached to the making of aproduct, such as cleaning, rent and admin-istrationindirect labour costsindirect labour costs /�ndarekt�lebə �kɒsts/ plural noun the costs ofpaying employees who are not directlyinvolved in making a product, such assecretaries and cleanersindirect printingindirect printing /�ndarekt �prntŋ/noun printing where the printing plate doesnot touch the paper, as in offset printingindirect processindirect process /�ndarekt�prəυses/ noun the process of reproducingan image as in a plain-paper copier, wherean image of the original is transferred tothe copy paper without the originaltouching the paperindirect screeningindirect screening /�ndarekt�skri�nŋ/ noun a colour originationmethod resulting in continuous tone sepa-rationsindividualindividual /�nd |�vd�uəl/ adjectiverelating to one single person or thing ratherthan to a group � noun one single person �


135 initial

a savings plan made to suit the require-ments of the private individualindustrial trainingindustrial training /n |�d�striəl�trenŋ/ noun the training of newemployees to work in an industryindustryindustry /�ndəstri/ noun a group ofcompanies making the same type ofproduct � the publishing industry � theprinting industry � the newspaper industryinertia sellinginertia selling / |�n!�ʃə �selŋ/ noun amethod of selling items by sending them topeople who have not ordered them andassuming that if they are not returned, theperson who has received them is willing tobuy theminfectinfect /n |�fekt/ verb to copy to acomputer system a computer virus that iscapable of damaging the system’sprograms or datainferiorinferior /n|�fəriə/ adjective 1. not asgood as others � inferior products � prod-ucts of inferior quality 2. referring tofigures or letters which are set in smallersize and printed below the baseline height(NOTE: Used in printing chemical formulae,such as: CO2. Inferior letters are alsosometimes used, as in NOx (nitrousoxides). The opposite is superior.)infomediaryinfomediary /�nfəυ |�mi�diəri/ noun abusiness or website that collects informa-tion about customers for use by othercompaniesinforminform /n |�fɔ�m/ verb to tell somebodysomething officially � We are pleased toinform you that your book has beenaccepted for publication.informationinformation /�nfə |�meʃ(ə)n/ nounknowledge given to somebody in a formthey can understandinformation ageinformation age /�nfə|�meʃ(ə)n�ed�/ noun a period characterised bywidespread electronic access to informa-tion through the use of computer tech-nologyinformation applianceinformation appliance /�nfə|

�meʃ(ə)n ə|�plaəns/ noun a small port-able digital information-processingmachine compatible with an electronicnetworkinformation architectureinformation architecture /�nfə|

�meʃ(ə)n �ɑ�ktektʃə/ noun the design ofsomething such as a website or database sothat the information is presented in themost efficient and accessible manner. AbbrIA

information bureauinformation bureau /�nfə |�meʃ(ə)n�bjυərəυ/ noun an office that gives infor-mationinformation processinginformation processing/�nfəmeʃ(ə)n �prəυsesŋ/ noun theorganisation, manipulation, analysis anddistribution of data, nowadays typicallycarried out by computersinformation retrievalinformation retrieval /�nfə |�meʃ(ə)nr|�tri�v(ə)l/ noun the process of locatingquantities of data stored in a database andproducing useful information from the datainformation superhighwayinformation superhighway/�nfəmeʃ(ə)n �su�pə |�hawe/ noun theworldwide computer network that includesthe Internet, private networks and proprie-tary online services. It permits the rapidsending of many different forms of data,including voice, video and text.information technologyinformation technology/�nfəmeʃ(ə)n tek |�nɒləd�i/ noun the useof technologies from computing, elec-tronics and telecommunications to processand distribute information in digital andother forms. Abbr ITinfraredinfrared /�nfrə |�red/ noun a form ofinvisible light, below the visible red levelon the light scale. Abbr IRinfrared photographyinfrared photography /�nfrəred fə |

�tɒ"rəfi/ noun the taking of photographsusing an infrared camera, which shows upheat sourcesinfringeinfringe /n|�frnd�/ verb to break a lawor a right � to infringe a copyright to copya copyright text illegallyinfringement of copyrightinfringement of copyright /n |

�frnd�mənt əv �kɒprat/ noun same ascopyright infringementingrain paperingrain paper /�n"ren �pepə/,ingrained paper noun paper with a roughfinishin-housein-house /�n �haυs/ adjective relating tostaff who are employed to work directly fora company � the in-house staff � adverbdone internally by a company � We do allour data processing in-house. � The colourartwork cannot be done in-house and hasto be sent outside.in-house trainingin-house training /�n haυs �trenŋ/noun training given to staff at their place ofworkinitialinitial / |�nʃ(ə)l/ adjective happening atthe start of a process � verb to sign some-thing using only the first letters of one’snames � noun the first letter of a word or


initial capital 136

line � Each paragraph should start with a20 point initial.initial capitalinitial capital /|�nʃ(ə)l �k�pt(ə)l/noun the capital which is used to start abusiness � He started the business with aninitial expenditure or initial investment of£500.initial capsinitial caps / |�nʃ(ə)l k�ps/ plural nounan instruction to make the first letter ofeach word a capitalinitial print runinitial print run /|�nʃ(ə)l �prnt �r�n/noun the first print run of a new book �When the subscription orders began tocome in, the initial print run was increasedfrom 10,000 copies to 25,000.initialsinitials / |�nʃ(ə)lz/ plural noun the firstletters of a person’s namesinitial salesinitial sales / |�nʃ(ə)l �selz/ plural nounthe first sales of a new productInitial Teaching AlphabetInitial Teaching Alphabet / |�nʃ(ə)l�ti�tʃŋ ��lfəbet/ noun an alphabet of 44symbols, each representing a single soundin English, used to teach children to readinitiateinitiate / |�nʃiet/ verb to start something� to initiate discussionsinitiating editorinitiating editor /|�nʃietŋ �edtə/noun an editor at a magazine or bookpublishing house whose job is to start newprojects, then pass them on to in-housecopy editors for completioninitiativeinitiative /|�nʃətv/ noun a decision tostart somethinginjunctioninjunction /n|�d��ŋkʃ(ə)n/ noun a courtorder telling somebody not to do some-thing � He got an injunction preventing thecompany from publishing her memoirs. �The company applied for an injunction tostop their rival from marketing a similarproduct.inkink /ŋk/ noun a coloured liquid forwriting or printing � verb to apply ink tosomethingink blockink block /�ŋk blɒk/ noun a block ofhard black ink, used in Chinese and Japa-nese calligraphyinkerinker /�ŋkə/ noun a system of rollers andbaths which put ink onto the printingsurfaceink mistingink misting /�ŋk �mstŋ/ noun a faultwhich can develop in very fast printingpresses, where the ink becomes a fine mistand so prints a faint imageink rollersink rollers /�ŋk �rəυləz/ plural nounrollers for distributing ink on a printingpress

ink rubink rub /�ŋk r�b/ noun dirty marks onprinted paper, caused when it rubs againstthe ink on other pages during bindingink set-offink set-off /�ŋk set ɒf/ noun a defect inprinting where the wet ink from oneprinted sheet marks another sheetink slabink slab /�ŋk sl�b/, ink table noun a flatsurface across which an ink roller is rolledto make sure the ink is evenly distributedink tackink tack /�ŋk t�k/ noun the degree towhich the ink used in a printer sticks to thepaper without causing problems byslowing the paper down during the printingprocessinland freight chargesinland freight charges /�nlənd �fret�tʃɑ�d�z/ plural noun charges for carryinggoods from one part of the country toanotherinland postageinland postage /�nlənd �pəυstd�/noun postage for a letter to another part ofthe countryinlineinline /�nlan/ noun a typeface whereeach character is formed of a black outlinewith the centre of the stroke left whiteinner formeinner forme /�nə �fɔ�m/ noun a formewhich carries the inside pages of a section,the outer forme carrying the outside pages,and prints on the other side of the paperinner margininner margin /�nə �mɑ�d�n/ noun themargin on the side of a page nearest thebindinginnovateinnovate /�nəυvet/ verb to bring in newideas or new methodsinnovationinnovation /�nə |�veʃ(ə)n/ noun a newproduct or method of doing somethinginnovativeinnovative /�nəvetv/ adjectivemaking or suggesting interesting changesor new ideasinnovatorinnovator /�nəvetə/ noun a personwho brings in new ideas and methodsin printin print /�n �prnt/ adjective 1. still beingprinted and still available in the bookshopsor from the publisher � a list of currentbooks in print � The book was firstpublished in 1902 and is still in print.(NOTE: The opposite is out of print or O/P.)� 250,000 copies in print 250,000 copiesof the book have been printed, thoughpossibly in several editions and overseveral years 2. appearing in a book orjournalinputinput /�npυt/ noun information put into acomputer memory � verb to enter data intoa computer � to input information to putdata into a computer


137 instalmentinput deviceinput device /�npυt d |�vas/ noun adevice such as a keyboard or barcodereader, which converts information into aform that a computer can understand andtransfers the information to the processor.Compare output deviceinput taxinput tax /�npυt t�ks/ noun VAT paidon goods or services which a companybuysin quiresin quires /n �kwaəz/ plural noun sameas in sheetsinscribeinscribe /n|�skrab/ verb to write some-thing, especially to write a note inside abook when giving it to somebody � Thebook is inscribed ‘With best wishes toJohn, from the author’.inscriptioninscription /n|�skrpʃən/ noun wordswritten on a monument, book or otherobject as a commemoration, dedication orgreetinginsertinsert /�ns!�t/ noun additional informa-tion printed on a separate sheet of paperand put inside a magazine or document �verb 1. to put something in � to insert aclause into a contract � to insert apublicity piece into a magazine mailing �to insert a section into a signature � Theauthor wanted to insert two paragraphs onpage one. 2. to add new text inside a wordor sentenceinserted bookinserted book /�ns!�td bυk/ noun abook with inserts added in the middle ofsignaturesinsertioninsertion /n |�s!�ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. materialinserted into a text � The author’s inser-tions will cost a lot of money. � The editorshave made so many insertions that it willbe simpler to reset the book. 2. an adver-tisement put into a magazine or newspaper� Some papers give three insertions for theprice of two.insert modeinsert mode /�ns!�t məυd/ noun aninteractive computer mode used for editingand correcting documents

COMMENT: This is a standard feature onmost word-processing packages where thecursor is placed at the required point in thedocument and any characters typed will beadded, with the existing text moving on asnecessary; when the insert mode is off, newtext will erase the existing text.

insetinset /�nset/ noun 1. a section of printedpages inserted in the middle of a signaturebefore it is sewn 2. a small picture in a boxinside a larger picture giving detail � verb1. to sew or glue a page or section in themiddle of a signature 2. to place a smalldrawing in a box in a larger drawing �

There is a town-plan inset into the cornerof the map.insetted bookinsetted book /�nsetd bυk/ noun abook with insets added in the middle ofsignaturesinsetted impositioninsetted imposition /�nsetd �mpə|

�zʃ(ə)n/ noun an imposition in whichsections are imposed to inset one insideanotherinsetterinsetter /�nsetə/ noun a device whichautomatically inserts one signature insideanotherin sheetsin sheets /�n ʃi�ts/ plural noun flatunbound printed sheets. Also called inquiresinside back coverinside back cover /�nsad b�k�k�və/, inside front cover /�nsad �fr�nt�k�və/ noun 1. the inside of the back coverof a book, used for author information orfor supplementary matter � We will startthe blurb on the back and continue on theinside back cover. 2. advertising pages onthe inside of the cover of a magazine. AbbrIBCinside coverinside cover /n|�sad �k�və/ noun theinside of the coverinside edgeinside edge /n |�sad �ed�/, insidemargin noun the edge of a piece of text ora margin which is near the bindinginside workerinside worker /�nsad �w!�kə/ noun anemployee who works in an office orfactory, not in the open airinspectinspect /n |�spekt/ verb to examinesomething in detail � to inspect an instal-lation � to inspect the accounts � toinspect printed sheets for defects to lookat sheets in detail to see if they have anydefectsinspection copyinspection copy /n|�spekʃən �kɒpi/noun a copy of a publication sent or givenwith time allowed for a decision topurchase or return itinspectorinspector /n |�spektə/ noun an officialwho inspects somethinginspector of factoriesinspector of factories /n|�spektər əv�f�kt(ə)riz/ noun a government officialwho inspects factories to see if they aresafely run. Also called factory inspectorinstallinstall /n|�stɔ�l/ verb to set up equipmentso that it is ready for useinstallationinstallation /�nstə |�leʃ(ə)n/ noun theact of putting new machines into an officeor a factory � to supervise the installationof new equipmentinstalmentinstalment /n |�stɔ�lmənt/ noun 1. asmall amount paid at regular intervals as


instant 138

part of a larger total � They paid for theencyclopedia in six monthly instalments. 2.a part-section of a book or magazinepublished at regular intervals � The novelhas been serialised in ten instalments.instantinstant /�nstənt/ adjective immediatelyavailableinstant publishinginstant publishing /�nstənt�p�blʃŋ/ noun the publishing of topicalbooks immediately after the event, such ason the World Cup or a royal weddinginstitutionalinstitutional /�nst |�tju�ʃ(ə)n(ə)l/adjective relating to an official organisa-tioninstitutional purchaseinstitutional purchase/�nsttju�ʃ(ə)n(ə)l �p!�tʃəs/ noun thebuying of books by schools, local authori-ties or librariesinstructinstruct /n|�str�kt/ verb to teach some-body how to do somethinginstructioninstruction /n |�str�kʃən/ noun clearand detailed information about how to dosomething, published in a manual or typedinto a computer to cause the machine toworkinsufficient feedinsufficient feed /�nsəfʃ(ə)nt �fi�d/noun a situation where the paper is not fedinto the press quickly enough, increasingthe tension on the paper actually in thepress and so increasing the likelihood of aweb breakinsurance coverinsurance cover /n |�ʃυərəns �k�və/noun protection guaranteed by an insur-ance policy � Do you have insurance coveragainst libel?intaglio processintaglio process /n|�tɑ�liəυ �prəυses/noun any printing process where the ink isin recesses cut into the plate, the flatsurface of the plate being wiped cleanbefore printingintegrateintegrate /�nt"ret/ verb to link thingstogether to form a united wholeintegrated bookintegrated book /�nt"retd bυk/noun a book with text and illustrations onthe same pageintegrated digital networkintegrated digital network/�nt"retd �dd�t(ə)l �netw!�k/ noun acommunications network that uses digitalsignals to transmit dataintegrated production systemintegrated production system/�nt"retd prə |�d�kʃən �sstəm/ noun aprinting system where all the processes arelinked automaticallyintegrated publishing houseintegrated publishing house/�nt"retd �p�blʃŋ �haυs/ noun a

publishing house which publishes in hard-back and has its own paperback listIntegrated Services Digital NetworkIntegrated Services DigitalNetwork /�nt"retd �s!�vsz�dd�t(ə)l �netw!�k/ noun a servicewhich provides high-quality telecommuni-cations such as facsimile transmission andvideo conferencing. Abbr ISDNintellectualintellectual /�nt |�lektʃuəl/ adjectivehaving a highly developed ability to think,reason and understand, especially incombination with wide knowledgeintellectual propertyintellectual property /�ntlektʃυəl�prɒpəti/ noun original writing, ideas,inventions, works of art or music which arethe property of the creator, and protectedby copyright lawintelligentintelligent /n|�teld�ənt/ adjective 1.having a built-in electronic processing anddata storage ability 2. programmed to beable to adjust to changes in the environ-ment and make deductions from informa-tion being processedintelligent character recognitionintelligent character recognition/n |�teld�ənt �k�rktə �rekə"nʃ(ə)n/noun an advanced form of OCR which canrecognise a number of different typefaces.Abbr ICRintelligent spacerintelligent spacer /n|�teld�ənt�spesə/ noun a facility on a word-processing system used to prevent wordsfrom being hyphenated or separated at thewrong pointinteractiveinteractive /�ntər|��ktv/ adjective 1.working together for the exchange of infor-mation 2. relating to a computer programthat responds to user activity, so that it canbe changed while running � The computergame was interactive, so the players couldget answers to their questions.interactive processinginteractive processing /�ntər�ktv�prəυsesŋ/ noun a computer mode thatallows the user to enter commands,programs or data and receive immediateresponsesinteractive systeminteractive system /�ntər�ktv�sstəm/ noun a computer system wherethe operator and the computer can commu-nicate with each otherinteractive videointeractive video /�ntər�ktv�vdiəυ/ noun a system using a computerlinked to a video disk player which allowsthe user to answer questions in order tomove on to the next pictureintercalateintercalate /�ntə|�k�let/ verb to insertthings in between a series of items � Blankpages are intercalated between each page


139 Internet protocol

of the book, so that the user can writenotes.intercharacter spacingintercharacter spacing/�ntək�rəktə �spesŋ/ noun a word-processor feature that provides variablespacing between characters to create ajustified line. � interword spacinginterest-free creditinterest-free credit /�ntrəst fri��kredt/ noun an arrangement to borrowmoney without paying interest on the loaninterfaceinterface /�ntəfes/ noun the point atwhich two systems contact each other �verb to connect and act with something �The office micros interface with the main-frame computer at head office.interfereinterfere /�ntə|�fə/ verb to cause diffi-culty with other people’s affairsinterferenceinterference /�ntə |�fərəns/ noununwanted signals causing difficulty inreception on a computer or broadcastingsysteminterlayinterlay /�ntəle/ noun paper or cardplaced under a letterpress printing plate tolift it to type height or to increase pressureon the dark image areasinterleafinterleaf /�ntəli�f/ noun an extra sheet orpage, usually a blank one, inserted into abookinterleaveinterleave /�ntə|�li�v/ verb to add extrasheets or pages, usually blank ones,between the pages of a book, e.g. to allowfor notes or to protect illustrationsinterleavinginterleaving /�ntə |�li�vŋ/ noun theaddition of blank paper between printedsheets to prevent set-offinterlinearinterlinear /�ntə |�lniə/ adjectivebetween linesinterlinear spacinginterlinear spacing /�ntəlniə�spesŋ/, interline spacing noun theinsertion of spaces between lines of text tomake it more legibleinterlinear translationinterlinear translation /�ntəlniətr�ns|�leʃ(ə)n/ noun a translation printedin small characters between the lines of atextintermediatesintermediates /�ntə |�mi�diəts/ pluralnoun films used in intermediate stages ofreproduction before producing the finalfilmsinternal auditinternal audit /n|�t!�n(ə)l �ɔ�dt/ nounan audit carried out by a department withinthe companyinternal audit departmentinternal audit department /n |

�t!�n(ə)l �ɔ�dt d|�pɑ�tmənt/, internalauditor /n|�t!�n(ə)l �ɔ�dtə/ noun adepartment or member of staff in a

company who audits the accounts of thatcompanyinternal editorial departmentinternal editorial department /n |

�t!�n(ə)l �ed|�tɔ�riəl d |�pɑ�tmənt/ nounan editorial department which works in acompanyinternallyinternally /n |�t!�n(ə)li/ adverb inside acompany � The job was advertised inter-nally.internal sizinginternal sizing /n|�t!�n(ə)l �sazŋ/noun the adding of size to the pulp beforepaper is madeinternationalinternational /�ntə|�n�ʃ(ə)nəl/ adjec-tive relating to different countriesinternational dialling codeinternational dialling code/�ntən�ʃ(ə)nəl �daəlŋ �kəυd/ noun anumerical code which allocates specificnumbers to each country to make itpossible to dial directly without using anoperatorinternational lawyerinternational lawyer /�ntən�ʃ(ə)nəl�lɔ�jə/ noun a person who specialises ininternational lawInternational Standard Book NumberInternational Standard BookNumber /�ntən�ʃ(ə)nəl �st�ndəd�bυk �n�mbə/ noun a system of identi-fying publications by specific numbersrelating to publishers and titles. Abbr ISBNInternational Standard Music NumberInternational Standard MusicNumber /�ntən�ʃ(ə)nəl �st�ndəd�mju�zk �n�mbə/ noun a system for iden-tifying editions of published music. AbbrISMNInternational Standard Serial NumberInternational Standard SerialNumber /�ntən�ʃ(ə)nəl �st�ndəd�səriəl �n�mbə/ noun a system for identi-fying publications of journals and theirpublishers. Abbr ISSNinternationalInternational Standards Organisa-tion /�ntən�ʃ(ə)nəl �st�ndəz�ɔ�"ənazeʃ(ə)n/ noun an organisationthat controls the standards of productionfor goods and services worldwide. AbbrISOinternational tradeinternational trade /�ntən�ʃ(ə)nəl�tred/ noun trade between different coun-triesinternegativeinternegative /�ntə|�ne"ətv/ noun acolour negativeInternetInternet /�ntənet/ noun a system ofcomputer communication which allowsinternational access to databases and elec-tronic mail systemsInternet protocolInternet protocol /�ntənet�prəυtəkɒl/ noun a TCP/IP standard that


Internet protocol address 140

defines how data is transferred across anetwork. Abbr IPInternet protocol address

Internet protocol address /�ntənet�prəυtəkɒl ə|�dres/ noun a unique, 32-bitnumber which identifies each computerconnected to a TCP/IP network. Abbr IPaddressInternet service provider

Internet service provider /�ntənet�s!�vs prə|�vadə/ noun a business thatprovides access to the Internet, usually fora monthly fee. Some large providers offerusers a wide range of news, informationand entertainment services. Abbr ISPinterpolation

interpolation /n|�t!�pə |�leʃ(ə)n/ noun acalculation of intermediate values betweentwo points

COMMENT: Interpolation is often used inimage manipulation software whenresolution or size increases are required. Itis the process by which pixel data is‘invented’ to fill in the gaps between knownpoints.

interpret

interpret /n |�t!�prt/ verb 1. to changewhat is spoken in one language to another� My assistant speaks Italian, so he willinterpret for us. 2. to decide on themeaning of a communicationinterpreter

interpreter /n|�t!�prtə/ noun 1. aperson who is used to translate somebody’sspeech into another language 2. softwareused to translate from one computersystem to anotherinterrogation markinterrogation mark /n|�terə|�"eʃ(ə)n�mɑ�k/ noun same as question markinterstitial

interstitial /�ntə|�stʃ(ə)l/ noun a pageof advertising which is inserted into awebsiteIntertype

Intertype /�ntətap/ a trade name for ahot metal typesetting machine which castsslugs of typeinterword spacinginterword spacing /�ntəw!�d�spesŋ/ noun variable spaces betweenwords used to justify line endingsintranet

intranet /�ntrənet/ noun a privatenetwork of computers within a companywhich provide similar functions to theInternetin tray

in tray /�n tre/ noun a basket on a deskfor letters or memos which have beenreceived and are waiting to be dealt withintro

intro /�ntrəυ/ noun the first section of atext. Full form introductionintroduce

introduce /�ntrə |�dju�s/ verb to makesomebody get to know a new person orthing

introductionintroduction /�ntrə|�d�kʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.the first part of written text or spoken infor-mation which tells what the rest of thedocument or talk is about 2. a book thatprovides elementary information on aspecific subject � ‘An Introduction toLibrary Management’introductory offerintroductory offer /�ntrəd�kt(ə)ri�ɒfə/ noun a special price offered on a newproduct to attract customersintroductory paragraphsintroductory paragraphs /�ntrə|

�d�kt(ə)ri �p�rə"rɑ�fs/ plural noun para-graphs which introduce a subject or para-graphs at the beginning of a textinventoryinventory /�nvənt(ə)ri/ noun a writtenlist of the assets owned by an organisation� The manager asked for an inventory ofthe library holdings. � verb to make a listof stock or contentsinventory controlinventory control /�nvənt(ə)ri kən |

�trəυl/ noun a system of checking thatthere is not too much stock in a warehouse,but just enough to meet requirementsinversioninversion /n |�v!�ʃ(ə)n/ noun the act ofchanging something into its oppositeinvertinvert /n|�v!�t/ verb to turn somethingupside downinverted commasinverted commas /n|�v!�td �kɒməz/noun punctuation marks (‘ ’) indicatingspeech or quotationsinvestigateinvestigate /n |�vest"et/ verb toexamine something which may be wronginvestigative journalisminvestigative journalism /n|

�vest"ətv �d�!�nəlz(ə)m/ noun a typeof journalism where reporters try to findout and publish the truth about corruptionor government mismanagement, etc.invisibleinvisible /n |�vzb(ə)l/ adjective relatingto a guide or object that is visible on a DTPpage or graphics layout during the designphase, but is not printedinvoiceinvoice /�nvɔs/ noun an official docu-ment listing the goods or services suppliedand stating the amount of money owed �verb to send an invoice to somebody � Thecompany were invoiced on November 10th.invoice priceinvoice price /�nvɔs pras/ noun theprice of something as given on an invoice,including discount and VATinvoicinginvoicing /�nvɔsŋ/ noun the sendingof invoices � Our invoicing is done by thecomputer.invoicing departmentinvoicing department /�nvɔsŋ d |

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a department in acompany which deals with preparing andsending invoices


141 italiciseion depositionion deposition /�aən �depəzʃ(ə)n/noun a reproduction process, where toneradheres to an electrically charged area ofpaperIPIP abbreviation Internet protocolIPAIPA noun characters adopted as an interna-tional system for representing the soundsused in speaking words. Full form interna-tional phonetic alphabetIP addressIP address /�a �pi� ə|�dres/ abbreviationInternet protocol addressIPGIPG abbreviation Independent PublishersGuildIRIR abbreviation infraredirregularirregular /|�re"jυlə/ adjective 1. notregular or not straight � The spacing onpage 25 is very irregular. 2. not correct ornot done in the correct way � irregulardocumentation � This procedure is highlyirregular.irregularityirregularity /|�re"jυ|�l�rti/ noun some-thing which is not done in the correct wayand which is possibly illegal � The audi-tors discovered serious irregularities in thecompany accounts. � We are not aware ofany irregularities in the way the contractwas drawn up.ISBNISBN abbreviation International StandardBook Number

COMMENT: An international system forbooks, in which each book is given its ownparticular number. Currently the ISBN ismade up of ten digits; the first digit refers tothe language (0 and 1 are the digits forEnglish); the next group of digits (three, fouror even six) refer to the publisher; the thirdgroup refer to the book; and the final digit isa check digit. From 2007, ISBNs will bemade up of 13 digits, with the ISBN-10number preceded by a 3-digit product code.ISBNs are used for cataloguing andordering, and can be used for automaticstock movements if they are printed on theback of the book in the form of a barcodewhich can be read with a light pen.

ISBN-10ISBN-10 /�a es bi� en �ten/ noun theoriginal format for ISBNs, consisting of 10numbers representing the group of origin,the publisher, the title and a final checkdigitISBN-13ISBN-13 /�a es bi� en θ!�|�ti�n/ noun thenew format for ISBNs, adding a further 3digits which represent the product codeand allow a greater number of ISBNs to begenerated in futureISDNISDN abbreviation Integrated ServicesDigital NetworkISMNISMN abbreviation International StandardMusic Number

ISOISO abbreviation International StandardsOrganisationISO paper sizesISO paper sizes /�a es əυ �pepə�sazz/ plural noun international metricpaper sizes

COMMENT: The ISO sizes are based on aratio of height to width of 1 to 1.414. Thelargest size is A0 (841 x 1189mm), and allother sizes are derived from this, with ineach case the longer side being half thesize of that of the previous size. ISO Apapers are used for printing, B papers arefor posters, and the C papers for envelopes.

isotypeisotype /�asəυtap/ noun a symbol inthe form of a little picture, developed bythe Isotype Institute in ViennaISPISP abbreviation ONLINE Internet serviceproviderISSNISSN abbreviation International StandardSerial Number

COMMENT: An international system used onperiodicals, magazines, learned journals,etc. The ISSN is formed of eight digits,which refer to the country in which themagazine is published and the title of thepublication.

issueissue /�ʃu�/ noun a particular edition of ajournal or magazine � verb to give out orlend something � The library books wereissued to the students.ITIT abbreviation COMPUT information tech-nologyital.ital. abbreviation PUBL 1. italic 2. italicsitalicitalic / |�t�lk/ adjective, noun a style oftypeface which slopes to the right and isthinner than roman, used for display, toemphasise a piece of text, or to show adifference from roman � The headings canbe printed in 9 point italic. � Italics areoften used to emphasise a single word in atext.

COMMENT: As its name suggests, italic typewas developed in Italy in the late 15thcentury, and was based on chancery script.It was originally used for complete texts,and only became used as a secondary facein the 18th century. True italic charactersare designed to slope and match the romancharacters for the same letters; they differfrom them in design, however, notably theletters ‘a’ and ‘g’. Computer-generateditalics are not true italics, but are romancharacters which are made to slopesideways. They are known as slopedroman. When marking a MS or proof, italicis instructed by underlining the word orcharacter with a single line.

italicisationitalicisation / |�t�lsa|�zeʃ(ə)n/, italici-zation noun the act of putting text intoitalicsitaliciseitalicise /|�t�lsaz/, italicize verb to puttext into italics � The headings should be


itinerary 142

italicised. � Can we try italicising the foot-notes to see if they are clearer?itineraryitinerary /a |�tnərəri/ noun a list ofplaces to be visited on one journey � arep’s itinerary

ivory boardivory board /�avəri bɔ�d/ noun finewhite board made by laminating two layersof fine paper togetherivory paperivory paper /�avəri �pepə/ noun thickcreamy white writing paper


Jjacketjacket /�d��kt/ noun a paper or plasticcover for a book � verb to put a jacket on abook � The book is available in paperback,or in boards jacketed. � Jacketing costs anextra 5p per copy. � The books have beenprinted and bound, and are now in thejacketing department or are now beingjacketed.jacket designjacket design /�d��kt d|�zan/ nounthe design of a book jacketjacket designerjacket designer /�d��kt d|�zanə/noun a person who designs book jacketsjamjam /d��m/ verb 1. to stop workingbecause something is blocked or stuck �The printer’s jammed. 2. to interfere with aradio or electronic signal so that it cannotbe received clearlyJapanese paperJapanese paper /�d��pə|�ni�z �pepə/noun thin white handmade paper, madefrom the bark of the mulberry tree, used forprints, drawings, etc.Japanese vellumJapanese vellum /�d��pə|�ni�z�veləm/ noun thick Japanese paperjawsjaws /d+ɔ�z/ plural noun a set of teethwhich hold something in a machineJDFJDF abbreviation job definition formatjerksjerks /d�!�ks/ plural noun a suddenpulling of the paper as it passes through aweb-fed printing machinejiffy bagjiffy bag /�d�fi b�"/ noun a paddedenvelope used to protect goods which aresent through the postjobjob /d�ɒb/ noun 1. any task which needsto be done 2. work that is done to earnmoneyjob bagjob bag /�d�ɒb b�"/ noun a bag used bya printer to contain all the documents andsamples relating to a particular jobjobberjobber /�d�ɒbə/ noun US a book whole-salerjobbingjobbing /�d�ɒbŋ/ noun the activity ofdoing small pieces of printing work

jobbing fontjobbing font /�d�ɒbŋ fɒnt/ noun adisplay font used for advertisements andpostersjobbing machinesjobbing machines /�d�ɒbŋ mə|�ʃi�nz/plural noun small printing machines,usually platens, used by jobbing printersjobbing printerjobbing printer /�d�ɒbŋ �prntə/ nouna person who undertakes small printingjobsjobbing workjobbing work /�d�ɒbŋ w!�k/ nounsmall printing jobs such as posters, letter-heads and business cardsjob casejob case /�d�ɒb kes/ noun a caseholding both capital and lower case lettersof a particular fontjob classificationjob classification /�d�ɒb kl�sf |

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun the description of jobs bylisting them under various classesjob cutsjob cuts /�d�ɒb k�ts/ plural noun reduc-tions in the number of jobsjob definition formatjob definition format /�d�ɒb �def |

�nʃ(ə)n �fɔ�m�t/ noun a standardised setof guidelines for describing a print jobwhich links together all the parts of theproduction, printing and finishing process.Abbr JDFjob descriptionjob description /�d�ɒb d |�skrpʃən/noun an official statement of what a jobinvolvesjob evaluationjob evaluation /�d�ɒb v�lju |�eʃ(ə)n/noun the examination of different jobswithin a company to see what skills andqualifications are needed to carry them outjob lotjob lot /�d�ɒb �lɒt/ noun a group ofmiscellaneous items such as remainderedbooks or used printing equipment, whichare sold together, and where the buyer mustbuy the whole lot � He sold the contents ofthe paper warehouse as a job lot.job numberjob number /d�ɒb �n�mbə/ noun anidentification number given to a specificprinting project


job satisfaction 144job satisfactionjob satisfaction /�d�ɒb s�ts|�f�kʃən/noun an employee’s feeling of being happyin his or her place of work and pleased withthe work being donejob securityjob security /�d�ɒb s|�kjυərti/ nounthe feeling that an employee has of beingable to stay in a job as long as he or shewantsjob specificationjob specification /�d�ɒb�spesfkeʃ(ə)n/ noun detailed objectivesfor a jobjob titlejob title /�d�ɒb �tat(ə)l/ noun the namegiven to a person in a particular jobjob typejob type /�d�ɒb tap/ noun a set ofprinting specifications which is frequentlyused, often for print on demand operations,describing the paper weight and type,covering material used and paginationjockey rollerjockey roller /�d�ɒki �rəυlə/ noun thefirst roller on a web-fed machine, whichcompensates for the uneven tension of thereel of paper. Also called dancing rollerjoggerjogger /�d�ɒ"ə/ noun a device whichknocks up sheets of paper to align themjointjoint /d�ɔnt/ noun either of the creasesbetween the spine and the front and backcovers of a book, especially a hardbackjoint authorshipjoint authorship /�d�ɔnt �ɔ�θəʃp/noun a situation in which several authorshave written a book together and share therights in itjoint imprintjoint imprint /�d�ɔnt �mprnt/ nounthe imprints of two publishers whichappear on a book that has been publishedby the two companies jointlyJoint Photographic Experts GroupJoint Photographic ExpertsGroup /�d�ɔnt fəυtə|�"r�fks�eksp!�ts "ru�p/ noun full form of JPEGjoint venturejoint venture /�d�ɔnt �ventʃə/ noun avery large business project where two ormore companies, often from differentcountries, join together to share develop-ment costs and eventual profitsjordan refinerjordan refiner /�d�ɔ�dən r|�fanə/ nouna papermaking machine, where the pulp istorn and shreddedjournaljournal /�d�!�n(ə)l/ noun a specialistmagazine � He is the manager of our jour-nals division.journalismjournalism /�d�!�n(ə)lz(ə)m/ nounwork on newspapers or magazines, espe-cially as an editor or reporterjournalistjournalist /�d�!�n(ə)lst/ noun a personwho writes for a newspaper or magazine

journals printingjournals printing /�d�!�n(ə)lz�prntŋ/ noun printing of specialisedlearned journals � a printer who special-ises in journal printingjourneyjourney /�d�!�ni/ noun a long trip, espe-cially a trip made by a salesperson � Sheplanned her journey to visit all heraccounts in two days.journeymanjourneyman /�d�!�nimən/ noun a qual-ified print employee who has completedhis or her apprenticeshipjourney orderjourney order /�d�!�ni �ɔ�də/ noun anorder given by the shopkeeper to a sales-person when he or she callsJPEGJPEG /�d�epe"/ noun a data file forpictures and photographs on the Internet.Full form Joint Photographic ExpertsGroup

COMMENT: JPEG can either work throughhardware or software routines and works asfollows: the image is divided into a matrix oftiny pixels, every other pixel is ignored andthe grid is divided into blocks of 8 x 8 pixels,the algorithm then calculates the average ofthe blocks and so can delete one block –the decompression is the reverse of thisprocess.

JPEG++JPEG++ /�d�epe" pl�s �pl�s/ noun anextension to JPEG that allows parts of animage to be compressed in different ways.jpeg.jpeg /�d�epe"/, .jpg suffix a file exten-sion for a JPEG file. Full form JointPhotographic Experts Groupjudicature paperjudicature paper /�d�u�dkətʃə�pepə/ noun thick heavy paper on whichlegal documents are engrossedjumpjump /d��mp/ verb to miss a page or aline or space when printing � The printerjumped two lines. � The paging system hasjumped two folio numbers.junkjunk /d��ŋk/ noun information or hard-ware that is old and uselessjunk mailjunk mail /�d��ŋk mel/ noun unwantedpublicity and advertisements sent throughthe postjustificationjustification /�d��stf|�keʃ(ə)n/ nounthe process of adjusting the spacing inprinted text so that the text starts and endsexactly at the marginsjustifyjustify /�d��stfa/ verb 1. to change thespacing between words or characters sothat each line of the text ends exactly at theright-hand margin 2. to give a good reasonfor something � Can you justify theexpenditure on children’s books?justify inhibitjustify inhibit /�d��stfa n |�hbt/ verbto prevent a word processor justifying adocument


145 juveniliajuvenilejuvenile /�d�u�vənal/ noun, adjectivereferring to childrenjuvenile editorjuvenile editor /�d�u�vənal �edtə/noun an editor who specialises in books ormagazines for children

juvenile fictionjuvenile fiction /�d�u�vənal �fkʃən/noun stories for older childrenjuveniliajuvenilia /�djυvə |�nliə/ plural nounworks written by an author as a child


KKK abbreviation thousand � £1k £1000K & N methodK & N method /�ke ənd �en �meθəd/noun a test for measuring the oil absorb-ency of paper

COMMENT: In the test (usually on smoothsurfaced papers) K & N ink is applied to thepaper with a spatula. Surplus ink isremoved with an absorbent cloth after twominutes, and the colour density of the stainleft on the paper is the measure of itsabsorbency. The darkness of the stain ismeasured with a spectrophotometer.

kaolinkaolin /�keəln/ noun china clay, orwhite clay used for loading or coatingpaperkappa numberkappa number /�k�pə �n�mbə/ noun anumber which expresses the ability ofpaper to be bleachedKbKb /�ke bt/, Kbit abbreviation kilobitKBKB, Kbyte abbreviation kilobytekeep downkeep down /�ki�p �daυn/ verb to avoidusing capitals if at all possiblekeep standingkeep standing /�ki�p �st�ndŋ/ verb aninstruction to a typesetter to keep typeready for reprintingkeep upkeep up /�ki�p ��p/ verb to use capitalletters throughoutkerfskerfs /k!�fs/ plural noun shallow groovesin the back of a book section to house thethreads used in sewing (NOTE: Also spelledcerfs.)kernkern /k!�n/ noun part of a piece of typewhich overlaps the next character � verb tomake two characters overlapkerningkerning /�k!�nŋ/ noun a slight overlap-ping of printed character areas to preventlarge spaces between them, giving a neaterappearancekerning pairkerning pair /�k!�nŋ peə/ noun a pairof letters which are commonly kernedwhen they appear together to make themlook more balanced, such as ‘k’ and ‘o’

kettlestitchkettlestitch /�ket(ə)lsttʃ/ noun a stitchat the top and bottom of each signature,which joins the signatures together. Alsocalled catch stitchkeykey /ki�/ noun 1. a button on a computerkeyboard which is pressed to operate themachine 2. something that is important 3.the screw that controls the amount of inkflowing from the fountain in a printingpress 4. an alternative term for the colourblack � verb 1. to type information using acomputer or typesetting machine � Theentire text was keyed in Times italic. �Because of all the author’s changes, wedecided it would be quicker to key thewhole text again. � rekey 2. to use letters ornumbers in the spaces on a layout to referto the loose pieces of copy, illustrations etcthat should be therekeyboardkeyboard /�ki�bɔ�d/ noun a set of keysarranged in order and used to enter infor-mation into a computer or typewriter �verb to press the keys on a keyboard to typesomething � He is keyboarding ouraddress list. � The index has not beenkeyboarded yet.keyboarderkeyboarder /�ki�bɔ�də/ noun a personwho types information into a computerkeyboardingkeyboarding /�ki�bɔ�dŋ/, keying/�ki�ŋ/ noun the act of entering data on akeyboardkeyboard layoutkeyboard layout /�ki�bɔ�d �leaυt/noun the way in which various functionand character keys are arrangedkeyboard operatorkeyboard operator /�ki�bɔ�d�ɒpəretə/ noun a person who works witha keyboardkey-drawingkey-drawing /�ki� �drɔ�ŋ/ noun anoutline drawing made for use as a guidewhen separating colour filmkey inkey in /�ki� �n/ verb to enter text orcommands on a computer by means of akeyboard


147 KWICkeylinekeyline /�ki�lan/ noun a rough sketchshowing where finished artwork is to beplacedkeypadkeypad /�ki�p�d/ noun 1. a set of numer-ical keys often used for security devices toopen doors by means of a known code 2.numerical keys set separately on the right-hand side of a computer keyboardkey platekey plate /�ki� plet/ noun an initialprinting plate used when printing colourimageskeystrokekeystroke /�ki�strəυk/ noun an act ofpressing a key on a keyboardkeystroke countkeystroke count /�ki�strəυk �kaυnt/noun a tally of each keystroke made, oftenused to calculate keyboarding costskeystroke verificationkeystroke verification /�ki�strəυk�verf |�keʃ(ə)n/ noun a check made oneach key pressed to make sure it is valid fora particular applicationkeywordkeyword /�ki�w!�d/ noun 1. the mostimportant word in a title or sentence 2. aword used by a search engine to help itlocate a particular type of websitekeyword and contextkeyword and context /�ki�w!�d ən�kɒntekst/ noun full form of KWACkeyword in contextkeyword in context /�ki�w!�d n�kɒntekst/ noun full form of KWICkeyword out of contextkeyword out of context /�ki�w!�d aυtəv �kɒntekst/ noun full form of KWOCkgkg abbreviation kilogram � 1kg 1000gramskick copykick copy /�kk �kɒpi/ noun a copy of anewspaper or folded printed sheets, whichis put out of line to show that a particularnumber of copies have been printedkillkill /kl/ noun to delete a whole story orarticle from a newspaper or magazine afterit has been worked on � The editor told theproduction sub to kill the story about theminister. Compare spikekilokilo /�ki�ləυ/, kilogram /�klə"r�m/ nouna measure of weight equalling one thou-sand grams (NOTE: Written kg after figures:25kg.)kilobitkilobit /�kləbt/ noun a measure of 1,024bits of data. Abbr Kb, Kbitkilobytekilobyte /�kləυbat/ noun a unit ofmeasurement for high capacity storagedevices meaning 1,024 bytes of data. AbbrKB, Kbytekioskkiosk /�ki�ɒsk/ noun a small, oftenwooden building, used for selling thingskisskiss /ks/ noun a very light printing of animage

kiss die cuttingkiss die cutting /�ks da �k�tŋ/ noundie cutting that goes through the top layer,but not the peelable backing, of a piece ofself-adhesive paperknibknib /nb/ noun the part of a setting rulewhich the compositor holds to pull it out ofthe composing stickknife cheeksknife cheeks /�naf tʃi�ks/ plural noungrippers which hold the paper which isbeing cutknife foldknife fold /�naf fəυld/ noun a way offolding paper at an angle to the web, bypushing a metal blade against the paperbetween two cylindersknife folderknife folder /�naf �fəυldə/ noun adevice for folding paper at an angle to theweb, by pushing a metal blade against thepaper between two cylindersknocking copyknocking copy /�nɒkŋ �kɒpi/ nounadvertising material which criticisescompeting productsknockoutknockout /�nɒkaυt/ noun a section of acoloured area which is not printed becausesomething else will be printed on topknock upknock up /�nɒk ��p/ verb to tap a pile ofsheets of paper lightly on each side tostraighten themknotterknotter /�nɒtə/ noun a device forremoving hard knots in the wood which isto be pulped to make paperknowledgeableknowledgeable /�nɒld�əb(ə)l/ adjec-tive possessing or showing a great deal ofknowledge, awareness or intelligenceknowledge transferknowledge transfer /�nɒld��tr�nsf!�/ noun the communication ofspecialised knowledge developed in part ofan organisation to a wider group such asanother part of the organisation or businesscustomerskraft linerkraft liner /�krɑ�ft �lanə/ noun strongpaper made largely of sulphate, used to linecorrugated containerskraft paperkraft paper /�krɑ�ft �pepə/ noun strongbrown paper, used for wrapping parcelsKurzweilKurzweil /�kυrtsvel/ a trademark for anOCR reader which can recognise typefacesand reads printed text into a computer,converting the printed signs to codeKWACKWAC /kw�k/ noun a library indexingsystem using keywords from the title andtext as the index entries. Full formkeyword and contextKWICKWIC /kwk/ noun a library indexingsystem which uses the title or text to illus-trate the meaning of the index entry. Fullform keyword in context


KWOC 148KWOCKWOC /kwɒk/ noun a library indexingsystem using any relevant keywords notnecessarily used in the text. Full formkeyword out of context

KWOTKWOT /kwɒt/ noun an indexing systemusing words not in the title. Full formkeyword out of title


LLL /el/ noun a letter which causes problemsin sans faces, where the lower case ‘l’ andthe capital ‘I’ may look the same (NOTE:This confusion is one of the reasons whysans faces are less often used in the USA,because the abbreviation ‘Ill.’ for Illinoisbecomes impossible to read.)LALA abbreviation Library Associationlabellabel /�leb(ə)l/ noun 1. a piece of paperor card attached to something giving infor-mation about it such as its price or address2. a word or symbol used in computing toidentify a piece of data � verb to attach alabel to something with information on itsuch as its price or addresslabellinglabelling /�leb(ə)lŋ/ noun the act ofputting a label on somethinglabel paperlabel paper /�leb(ə)l �pepə/ nounpaper which is gummed on one side, usedfor printing labelslabour costslabour costs /�lebə kɒsts/ plural nounthe cost of hourly-paid employeesemployed to make a productlabour lawslabour laws /�lebə lɔ�z/, labour legis-lation /�lebə �led� |�sleʃ(ə)n/ plural nounlaws concerning the employment ofworkerslacelace /les/ verb to thread a cord throughholeslaced-on boardslaced-on boards /�lest ɒn �plets/plural noun a cased book where the bookblock is laced onto the boardslacing inlacing in /�lesŋ �n/, lacing on noun theprocess of attaching the boards to a sewnbook block by threading the cords throughholes in the boardslacquerlacquer /�l�kə/ noun varnish applied topaper to give it a gloss � verb to apply avarnish to paperlad maglad mag /�l�d m�"/ noun a magazineaimed at young men who are chiefly inter-ested in sport, alcohol and sex

laid finishlaid finish /�led �fnʃ/ noun a type ofgood quality paper which is manufacturedto look like handmade laid paperlaid lineslaid lines /�led lanz/ plural noun faintlines on laid finish paper which aredesigned to imitate the lines left by thewire mesh used when laid paper is hand-madelaid paperlaid paper /�led �pepə/ noun handmadepaper which is made in a mould with thinwires across it and thicker wires along it.Compare wovelaminatelaminate /�l�mnet/ verb to cover adocument with a thin film of glossy plasticfor protectionlaminationlamination /�l�m|�neʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.processing of laminating 2. the plastic filmused to laminatelaminatorlaminator /�l�mnetə/ noun a machinewhich laminateslampblacklampblack /�l�mpbl�k/ noun a blackpigment from burnt oil, used in the prepa-ration of black inkLANLAN /l�n/ abbreviation Local AreaNetworklanding pagelanding page /�l�ndŋ ped�/ noun thepage on a website where the user arrives, inparticular the page you arrive on whendirected by a hyperlinklandscape formatlandscape format /�l�nskep�fɔ�m�t/ noun A4-size paper used side-ways so that the longest side is at the top(NOTE: The US term is horizontal.)

COMMENT: Landscape format is not anormal book format, in that a portrait formatbook is easier to hold in the hand.Landscape formats are used for art bookswhere many illustrations may be horizontal.Landscape books, especially large artbooks, are heavy and tend to pull apart atthe spine, thus distorting the pages. Theyalso have the disadvantage of not beingeasy to put on bookshelves, and areespecially awkward for bookshop shelves,where the need to show the spine and title


landscape photograph 150

makes the book stick out from the shelfmuch further than others.

landscape photographlandscape photograph /�l�ndskep�fəυtə"rɑ�f/ noun a photograph printedacross the page, its width being greaterthan its heightlanguagelanguage /�l�ŋ"wd�/ noun a system ofsounds, signs or symbols used for commu-nicationlap registerlap register /�l�p �red�stə/ noun aprinted register in which adjacent printedareas overlap slightly to ensure that thereare no white gaps. Compare butt registerlapselapse /l�ps/ noun the fact of somethingstopping being valid � The lapse of copy-right means that the book can be reprintedanywhere. � verb to stop being valid oractive � The copyright has lapsed.largelarge /lɑ�d�/ adjective very big or impor-tant � The headings are in large capitals. �The point size for the text should be at leasttwo points larger than the footnotes. � Heis our largest customer.large crown octavolarge crown octavo /�lɑ�d� kraυn ɒk |

�tɑ�vəυ/ noun a book format (198 x129mm). Abbr 8volarge crown quartolarge crown quarto /�lɑ�d� kraυn�kwɔ�təυ/ noun a book format (258 x201mm). Abbr 4olarge print booklarge print book /�lɑ�d� prnt �bυk/,large type book /�lɑ�d� tap �bυk/ noun abook printed in a very large print sizeintended for people who have difficulty inseeing, usually found in public librariesand not available in bookshopslaserlaser /�lezə/ noun a device that producescoherent light of a single wavelength in anarrow beam, by exciting a material so thatit emits photons of light. Full form lightamplification by stimulated emission ofradiationlaser beam recordinglaser beam recording /�lezə bi�m r|

�kɔ�dŋ/ noun the production of characterson a light-sensitive film by a laser beamcontrolled directly from a computerlaser disklaser disk /�lezə dsk/ noun a plasticdisk containing information in the form ofsmall etched dots that can be read by alaser, used to record images or sound indigital formlastlast /lɑ�st/ adjective, adverb 1. coming atthe end of a series � We passed the lastproofs for press yesterday. � This is our lastboard meeting before we move to our newoffices. � We finished the last items in theorder just two days before the deliverydate. 2. most recent or most recently �

Where is the last batch of orders? � Thelast ten orders were only for single copies.� verb to continue to be used or availablefor a period of time � We have enoughstock to last us for three months.last colourlast colour /�lɑ�st �k�lə/ noun the last ofa series of colours printed in four-colourprintinglast in first outlast in first out /�lɑ�st n �f!�st �aυt/noun 1. a redundancy policy in which thepeople who have been most recentlyappointed are the first to be made redun-dant 2. an accounting method where stockis valued at the price of the latest purchaseslast quarterlast quarter /�lɑ�st �kwɔ�tə/ noun sameas fourth quarterlatelate /let/ adjective 1. after the time statedor agreed � There is a penalty for latedelivery. 2. at the end of a period of time �adverb after the time stated or agreed � Thepublisher was late in getting the correctedproofs back to the typesetter. � The ship-ment was landed late.lateral reversallateral reversal /�l�t(ə)rəl r |�v!�s(ə)l/noun the reversal of an image to give anexact mirror image of the platelatestlatest /�letst/ adjective most recent �Here are the latest sales figures.latest editionlatest edition /�letst |�dʃ(ə)n/ nounthe most recent printing of a newspaperlatexlatex /�leteks/ noun a rubber solutionadded to some papers to make them moredurableLatin alphabetLatin alphabet /�l�tn ��lfəbet/ noun1. the alphabet used in Roman times, with21 letters and no ‘j’, ‘u’, ‘w’, ‘y’ or ‘z’ 2. amodern western alphabet, used in mostEuropean languages, except Greek and theCyrillic languages such as Russian andBulgarianlaunchlaunch /lɔ�ntʃ/ verb to start a newactivity or make a new product available tothe public � noun the act of putting a newproduct on the market � The launch of thenew fiction series has been put back threemonths. � The company is geared up forthe launch of the new series of school text-books. � The management has decided ona September launch date.launch datelaunch date /�lɔ�ntʃ det/ noun the datewhen a new product is officially shown tothe public for the first timelaunchinglaunching /�lɔ�ntʃŋ/ noun the act ofputting a new product on the marketlaunching costlaunching cost /�lɔ�ntʃŋ kɒst/ nounthe cost of publicity for a new product


151 leadinglaunch partylaunch party /lɔ�ntʃ �pɑ�ti/ noun aparty held to advertise the launching of anew productlawlaw /lɔ�/ noun a system of rules and regu-lations used by a government or society tocontrol business agreements, social rela-tionships and crimelaw bookslaw books /�lɔ� bυks/ plural noun booksreferring to the law, e.g. statutes, officialpublications and commentarieslaw of supply and demandlaw of supply and demand /�lɔ�r əvsə|�pla ən d|�mɑ�nd/ noun the generalrule that the amount of a product which isavailable is related to the needs of potentialcustomerslawslaws /lɔ�z/ plural noun the rules by whicha country is governed and the activities ofpeople and organisations controlledlawyerlawyer /�lɔ�jə/ noun a person who hasstudied law and can act for people on legalbusinesslaylay /le/ noun 1. the way in which some-thing is set out 2. one of two metal guidesfor paper in the printing press or foldingmachinelay boylay boy /�le bɔ/ noun a device whichcollects the cut sheets after they have beenprinted and stacks themlay edgelay edge /�le ed�/ noun the edge of asheet of paper which touches one of thelays on the printing presslayerlayer /�leə/ noun 1. a thin film of asubstance � In lamination, the card iscovered with a thin layer of plastic andthen heated. 2. an employee who feeds thesheets through a presslay gaugelay gauge /�le "ed�/ noun a mecha-nism on the printing press which alignswith the lay edges of the paper, thusmaking sure that each sheet is printed inexactly the same placelaying presslaying press /�leŋ pres/ noun a smallpress used to hold handbound books whilethey are being glued. Also called lyingpresslay markslay marks /�le mɑ�ks/ plural nounmarks on the sheet showing which are thelay edgeslay of the caselay of the case /�le əv ðə �kes/ nounthe way in which the different charactersare placed in compartments in a caselay outlay out /�le �aυt/ verb to design the wayin which a page will be printed � Thedesigner has laid out the text around theartist’s colour drawings.

layoutlayout /�leaυt/ noun the design of a pageof printed matter including position on thepage of illustrations, text and type sizeslayout paperlayout paper /�leaυt �pepə/ nounsame as detail paperlayout sheetlayout sheet /�leaυt ʃi�t/ noun apreprinted sheet with grids showing thebasic design of a page, used by designers toprepare final layoutslayout tablelayout table /�leaυt �teb(ə)l/ noun alight table used for laying out pageslayout terminallayout terminal /�leaυt �t!�mn(ə)l/noun a keyboard and computer monitor onwhich page layouts can be preparedLBFLBF abbreviation London Book Fairlclc abbreviation lower caseLCLC abbreviation LIBRARIES Library ofCongressL/CL/C abbreviation letter of creditLCDLCD abbreviation liquid crystal displayleadlead1 /li�d/ noun 1. the main story in anewspaper or news programme on televi-sion 2. the end of a web which is fed intothe printing press � verb to use as the firststory � The paper led with the story aboutthe refugees.leadlead2 /li�d/ noun /led/ 1. a heavy softmetal used as the main part of the alloy incast metal type 2. a thin piece of metal usedto separate lines of type 3. a black materialused in pencils � a soft lead pencil � verbto make spaces between lines of typeset-ting, either with strips of metal or on thecomputer � The notes have not beenleaded. (NOTE: The opposite is unleaded.)leaderleader /�li�də/ noun 1. a person whomanages or directs others � the leader ofthe print workers’ union � She is the leaderof the trade mission to Nigeria. 2. theproduct which sells best 3. a piece of blanktape at the beginning of a reel, which is fedinto a machine 4. same as leading articleleadersleaders, leader lines plural noun a seriesof short dashes or dots which run across apage, as between chapter titles and pagenumbers in a contents listleadingleading1 /�ledŋ/ noun space insertedbetween lines of typeset text, either asmetal strips, or via the computer program �If we increase the leading from 1 to 2 point,the book will make twelve extra pages.

COMMENT: The spaces between lines oftext are called ‘leading’ because originallythe lines were separated by thin strips oflead; the term is still used, even forcomputer setting, although here ‘interlinearspacing’ is more correct.


leading 152leadingleading2 /�li�dŋ/ adjective 1. mostimportant � They are the leading companyin the reference field. 2. going into amachine firstleading articleleading article /�li�dŋ �ɑ�tk(ə)l/ nounthe main article in a newspaper, written bythe editor, expressing the newspaper’s offi-cial point of view. Also called leaderleading edgeleading edge /�li�dŋ ed�/ noun theedge of a sheet of paper which is held bythe grippers and goes through the pressfirstleading outleading out /�ledŋ �aυt/ noun the act ofspacing out the lines of typeset textlead timelead time /�li�d tam/ noun the timebetween deciding to place an order andreceiving the product � The lead time onthis item is more than six weeks.leafleaf /li�f/ noun a page of a book printed onboth sides (NOTE: The plural is leaves.) �verb � to leaf through to turn the pages ofa document quickly without reading themcarefullyleafletleaflet /�li�flət/ noun a small folded pieceof paper with printed information, oftengiven away free as a form of advertisingleakageleakage /�li�kd�/ noun the unofficialrelease of confidential information, usuallyto the medialeakproofleakproof /�li�kpru�f/ adjective notallowing breaches in secrecy or confidenti-alityleakyleaky /�li�ki/ adjective allowing breachesin secrecy or confidentialitylean matterlean matter /�li�n �m�tə/ noun copy tobe set which poses problems, such as copywith mathematical symbols or which isclosely typed (NOTE: The opposite is fatmatter.)learned journallearned journal /�l!�nd �d�!�n(ə)l/noun a specialised magazine on anacademic subjectlearning disabilitylearning disability /�l!�nŋ dsə|�blti/noun a condition that either prevents orsignificantly hinders somebody fromlearning basic skills or information at thesame rate as most people of the same agelearning-disabledlearning-disabled /�l!�nŋ d|

�seb(ə)ld/ adjective prevented or hinderedby a learning disability from learning basicskills or information at the same rate asmost people of the same ageleatherleather /�leðə/ noun material made fromthe skins of animals, used for bindingexpensive books

leatherbound bookleatherbound book /�leðəbaυnd�bυk/ noun a book that has been bound inleatherleather clothleather cloth /�leðə klɒθ/ noun closelywoven cloth, covered with a cellulose andoil mixture, which makes it look likeleatherleatheretteleatherette /�leðə |�ret/ noun paper thathas been embossed to look like leatherleaveleave /li�v/ verb to let something stay as itis � Leave the last page blank. � Leavethree lines blank between the entries. � Thechapters should be left in their presentorder.leave edgeleave edge /�li�v ed�/ noun the last edgeof the sheet of paper as it goes into thepressleave outleave out /�li�v �aυt/ verb to exclude oromit something � She left out the ISBN onthe mailing piece. � The contract leavesout any mention of a paperback edition.lecternlectern /�lekt!�n/ noun a stand with asloping top on which a book or notes canrest in front of a standing speakerledgerledger /�led�ə/ noun a book in whichaccounts are writtenledger paperledger paper /�led�ə �pepə/ noun finethick paper, tub-sized and coloured paleblue, grey or green, used for account booksleft-handleft-hand /�left �h�nd/ adjectivebelonging to the left side � The debits arein the left-hand column in the accounts.left-hand pageleft-hand page /�left h�nd �ped�/noun the page on the left of a double pagespread, always with an even folio � Begineach chapter on a left-hand page.left justificationleft justification /�left �d��stf|

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun the process of aligning theleft-hand margin on a piece of text so thatthe edge is evenleft justifyleft justify /�left �d��stfa/ verb to usecomputer commands to ensure that theleft-hand margins of text are straightlegleg /le"/ noun a column that is shorter thanother columnslegallegal /�li�"(ə)l/ adjective 1. relating to thelaw � a legal discussion 2. according to thelaw � The contract was legal and binding.legal adviserlegal adviser /�li�"(ə)l əd|�vazə/ noun aperson who advises clients about the lawlegal claimlegal claim /�li�"(ə)l klem/ noun astatement that somebody owns somethinglegallylegal costslegal costs /�li�"(ə)l kɒsts/, legalcharges /�li�"(ə)l �tʃɑ�d�z/ plural nounmoney spent on fees to lawyers


153 levylegal departmentlegal department /�li�"(ə)l d |

�pɑ�tmənt/, legal section /�li�"(ə)l�sekʃ(ə)n/ noun the section of a companydealing with legal matterslegal depositlegal deposit /�li�"(ə)l d|�pɒzt/ noun asystem that entitles some libraries toreceive by law one copy of every book orpublication published in that countrylegal expenseslegal expenses /�li�"(ə)l k|�spensz/plural noun same as legal costslegendlegend /�led�ənd/ noun 1. a captionunder a picture or diagram 2. an explana-tion of the symbols on a map or diagram 3.a story based on cultural traditions handeddownlegibilitylegibility /�led�|�blti/ noun the fact ofbeing easily readable � The keyboarderscomplained about the legibility of themanuscript.

COMMENT: Legibility is one of therequirements of text matter. Text is moreeasily read in roman serif typefaces than initalic or in sans faces, and should have linespacing of about 2 points between the lines(i.e. there should be more spacing betweenthe lines than between words). Sans facesand italic are less legible, and closelyspaced lines, or lines which are irregularlyspaced, are more difficult to read than linesof closely spaced words with extra spacingbetween the lines.

legiblelegible /�led�b(ə)l/ adjective clearenough to be read easilylegislationlegislation /�led� |�sleʃ(ə)n/ noun lawslemmalemma /�lemə/ noun a heading that indi-cates the topic of a work or passage (NOTE:The plural is lemmata.)lendlend /lend/ verb to allow somebody to usesomething for a period � The library lendsseveral thousand books each week. � Thebank lent him £50,000 to start his business.lending librarylending library /�lendŋ �labrəri/ nouna library which allows users to borrowitems as opposed to a purely referencelibrarylengthlength /leŋθ/ noun a measurement of howlong something islengthwiselengthwise /�leŋθwaz/ adverb alongthe length � The picture measures 29cmlengthwise.letterletter /�letə/ noun 1. a piece of writingsent from one person to another usuallythrough the post 2. a symbol used inwriting which more or less represents onesound of a languageletter fitletter fit /�letə ft/ noun the spacebetween typeset characters

letterformletterform /�letəfɔ�m/ noun the shape ofa letterletterheadletterhead /�letəhed/ noun 1. the nameand address of a company or organisationprinted at the top of their official notepaper2. a sheet of paper with the name andaddress of a company printed at the topletter heightletter height /�letə hat/ noun same ascharacter heightletteringlettering /�letərŋ/ noun 1. the art ofdrawing letters by hand in a beautiful way2. the printing of lettersletter of creditletter of credit /�letə əv �kredt/ noun aletter from a bank allowing somebodycredit and promising to repay at a laterdate. Abbr L/Cletter of referenceletter of reference /�letər əv�ref(ə)rəns/ noun a letter in which anemployer recommends somebody for anew jobletterpress machineletterpress machine /�letəpres mə|

�ʃi�n/ noun a machine which does letter-press printingletterpress printingletterpress printing /�letəpres�prntŋ/ noun the relief printing process,where metal type or blocks are coveredwith ink and the paper is pressed onto theblock to make an imagelettersetletterset /�letəset/ noun the process ofprinting where ink is transferred from theplate to a blanket cylinder and then printedfrom the blanket onto paperletter spaceletter space /�letə spes/ noun the spacebetween two typeset letters, especially astandard spaceletter spacingletter spacing /�letə �spesŋ/ nounextra spacing placed between letters foremphasis or to give a better visual effectletters patentletters patent /�letəz �petənt/ pluralnoun an official document which givessomebody the exclusive right to make andsell something they have inventedlet the buyer bewarelet the buyer beware /�let ðə �baə b|

�weə/ phrase � caveat emptorlevellevel /�lev(ə)l/ adjective flat or not higherthan the restlevel of returnslevel of returns /�lev(ə)l əv r |�t!�nz/noun same as returns levellevel small capslevel small caps /�lev(ə)l smɔ�l �k�ps/plural noun same as even small capslevylevy /�levi/ noun money which isdemanded and collected by the govern-ment � verb to demand and collectpayment of a tax or an extra payment � tolevy a duty on the import of luxury items �


lexicographical order 154

The government has decided to levy a taxon imported cars.lexicographical orderlexicographical order/�lekskə"r�fk(ə)l �ɔ�də/ noun an orderof items where the words are listed in theorder of the letters of the alphabet, as in adictionarylexiconlexicon /�lekskɒn/ noun 1. an alphabet-ical list of words specifically related to alanguage or a particular subject 2. adictionary, especially one of an ancientlanguage such as Latin or Hebrewlibellibel /�lab(ə)l/ noun an untrue writtenstatement which damages somebody’sreputationlibellouslibellous /�labələs/ adjective relating towriting which is untrue and damagessomebody’s reputation

COMMENT: Libel only refers to writing andprint; it can be also used in connection withphotographs and drawings, especiallycartoons. Slander is the equivalent inspoken statements, including statementson radio and TV.

librarianlibrarian /la|�breəriən/ noun 1. a personwho is in charge of a library 2. a personwho has usually been trained in librarian-ship and who works in a librarylibrarianshiplibrarianship /la|�breəriənʃp/ nounthe study of organising and retrievinginformation so that it is accessible to otherpeoplelibrarylibrary /�labrəri/ noun a collection ofbooks, documents, newspapers and audio-visual materials kept and organised forpeople to read or borrowlibrary and information sciencelibrary and information science/�labrəri ənd �nfə |�meʃ(ə)n �saəns/noun a course of study that covers allaspects of information and library manage-ment, e.g. resources, user services, organi-sation, evaluation, systems used, policyand representation. Abbr LISLibrary AssociationLibrary Association /�labrəri ə |

�səυsieʃ(ə)n/ noun a UK professionalbody working to support librarians andinformation workers. Abbr LAlibrary bindinglibrary binding /�labrəri �bandŋ/noun a strong, durable binding for bookswhich will withstand heavy uselibrary editionlibrary edition /�labrəri |�dʃ(ə)n/noun a set of books, published in a series,either by a single author or on the samesubject and with the same size and formatlibrary licencelibrary licence /�labrəri �las(ə)ns/noun a licence granted to a bookshop or to

a local authority, allowing books to bebought at a discount for public librariesLibrary of CongressLibrary of Congress /�labrəri əv�kɒŋ"res/ noun the national library of theUnited States, located in Washington DCand founded by an Act of Congress in1800. It contains more than 28 millionbooks and pamphlets as well as presiden-tial papers, music, photographs and record-ings. Abbr LRLibrary of Congress CatalogLibrary of Congress Catalog/�labrəri əv �kɒŋ"res �k�təlɒ"/ noun acatalogue of the holdings of the Library ofCongress in the USA, also availableonline. Abbr LOCISLibrary of Congress Catalog numberLibrary of Congress Catalognumber /�labrəri əv �kɒŋ"res�k�təlɒ" �n�mbə/ noun the number of thereference in the Library of CongressCatalog, printed inside a book published inthe USA. Abbr LOCLibrary of Congress Classification systemLibrary of Congress Classificationsystem /�labrəri əv �kɒŋ"res �kl�sf |

�keʃ(ə)n �sstəm/ noun an Americansystem of organising documents for infor-mation retrieval. Abbr LClibrary purchaselibrary purchase /�labrəri �p!�tʃs/noun the purchase of books by a libraryfrom a library supplierlibrary sciencelibrary science /�labrəri �saəns/ nounthe study of librarianshiplibrary supplierlibrary supplier /�labrəri sə|�plaə/noun a company that supplies stationery,books, equipment and furniture needed foruse in librarieslibrary supplylibrary supply /�labrəri sə |�pla/ noun asupply of books to libraries at a discountlicencelicence /�las(ə)ns/ noun 1. an officialdocument giving permission to use or dosomething 2. permission given by onemanufacturer to another manufacturer tomake copies of its products againstpayment of a fee � The software is manu-factured in this country under licence.licenselicense /�las(ə)ns/ verb to give officialpermission for something to happenlicenseelicensee /�las(ə)n |�si�/ noun a personwho has a licence, especially a licence tomanufacture somethinglicensinglicensing /�las(ə)nsŋ/ adjectiverelating to licences � a licensing agreementliftlift /lft/ verb 1. to copy something directlywithout any acknowledgement � The bookcontains whole chapters lifted from a bookon the same subject published in the USA.2. to remove or end something � to lift


155 line chart

trade barriers � The government has liftedthe ban on imports from Japan.ligatureligature /�l"ətʃə/ noun 1. two charactersjoined together on one stem to form acombined character 2. a short lineconnecting two characters

COMMENT: The most common ligatures arebetween ff, fl and fi, though they also occurbetween vowels as in oe. Ligatures are lesscommonly used now, because it is difficultto keyboard them on personal computers,which are frequently used by authors tosupply text to a publisher.

lightlight /lat/ adjective 1. not heavy or notthick � The book should be printed on lightpaper. 2. not darklight boxlight box /�lat bɒks/ noun a viewer witha light inside and a matt transparentwindow, in which transparencies or filmscan be placed so that it is easy to see themlightenlighten /�lat(ə)n/ verb to make some-thing less dark or less denselight facelight face /�lat fes/ noun a typefacewith thin lines, which appears light on thepagelight-fastlight-fast /�lat fɑ�st/ adjective relatingto colours that do not fade when exposed tolight (NOTE: The opposite is fugitive.)light-penlight-pen /�latpen/ noun a stylus with alight sensor used to scan barcodeslight-sensitivelight-sensitive /�lat �senstv/ adjec-tive reacting to light in a particular way �The photograph is printed on light-sensi-tive paper.light tablelight table /�lat �teb(ə)l/ noun a tablewith a matt glass surface and a light under-neath, on which film can be placed so thatit is easy to seelightweightlightweight /�latwet/ adjective 1. notheavy � thin, lightweight paper 2. notthought to be of a high academic standardlightweight paperlightweight paper /�latwet �pepə/noun paper weighing less than 60gsmlike-sidednesslike-sidedness /�lak �saddnəs/ nounthe quality of paper having the same finishon either side, so that it prints consistently.Compare two-sidednesslimitlimit /�lmt/ noun a maximum pre-defined range used to restrict an action orthing � verb to prevent something frombecoming biggerlimitationlimitation /�lm |�teʃ(ə)n/ noun the actof allowing only a particular quantity ofsomethinglimitation of liabilitylimitation of liability /�lmteʃ(ə)n əv�laə|�blti/ noun the act of making some-

body liable for only a part of the damage orlosslimited editionlimited edition /�lmtd |�dʃ(ə)n/noun a work of art such as a book orpainting which is only produced in verysmall numberslimited liability companylimited liability company /�lmtdlaə|�blti �k�mp(ə)ni/ noun a companywhere a shareholder is responsible for thecompany’s debts only to the face value oftheir shareslimited marketlimited market /�lmtd �mɑ�kt/ nouna market which can take only a particularquantity of goodslimplimp /lmp/ adjective relating to a bookcover that is not stiffened by boards but ismade of more durable material than apaperbacklimp bindinglimp binding /�lmp �bandŋ/ noun abinding style using flexible materialusually cheaper than hard boardslimp-bound editionlimp-bound edition /�lmp baυnd |

�dʃ(ə)n/, limp edition /�lmp |�dʃ(ə)n/noun an edition of a book with a soft coverlineline /lan/ noun 1. a row of words orfigures in a text 2. a type of product that acompany makes or sells � We do not stockthat line. � Computers are not one of ourbest-selling lines. � They produce an inter-esting line in garden books. 3. a long pieceof wire used to connect communications �a telephone linelineagelineage /�lnid�/ noun 1. a measurementof how many lines a text will make 2. asystem for charging for advertisements bythe number of column lines usedline and tone blockline and tone block /�lan ən �təυn�blɒk/, line/tone block noun a blockwhich combines both line artwork andhalftones (NOTE: The US term is combina-tion plate.)line artworkline artwork /�lan �ɑ�tw!�k/ noun blackand white graphics, with no tones. Alsocalled line copyline blockline block /�lan blɒk/ noun a blockmade from a line drawing for printing,usually made of zinc. Also called lineengravingline casting machineline casting machine /�lan �kɑ�stŋmə|�ʃi�n/, line caster noun a machine suchas Linotype, which casts whole lines oftype at a timeline chartline chart /�lan tʃɑ�t/, line graph nouna chart or graph using lines to indicatevalues


line colour 156line colourline colour /�lan �k�lə/ noun a colouredillustration made by printing line drawingsin different coloursline conversionline conversion /�lan kən|�v!�ʃ(ə)n/noun the process by which continuoustones are converted into linesline copyline copy /�lan �kɒpi/ noun same as lineartworkline cutline cut /�lan k�t/ noun US an illustra-tion on a metal block, using lines to showthe picturelinedlined /land/ adjective 1. with lines � Heprefers lined paper for writing notes. 2.with a lining � The de luxe edition is in aslipcase lined with silk.lined paperlined paper /land �pepə/ noun paperwith thin lines printed on itline drawingsline drawings /�lan �drɔ�ŋz/ pluralnoun illustrations for a book which aredrawn with a pen, or have tints, but whichdo not need to be reproduced as halftones.Also called line illustrationsline editorline editor /�lan �edtə/ noun a piece ofsoftware that allows the operator to modifyone line of text from a file at a timeline endingline ending /�lan �endŋ/ noun a char-acter which shows that a line has endedline endingsline endings /�lan �endŋz/ plural nounthe last words on each line of text, whichmay need to be hyphenated, with thesecond part of the word carried over to thenext lineline engravingline engraving /�lan n|�"revŋ/ nounsame as line blockline foldingline folding /�lan �fəυldŋ/ noun themoving of a section of a long line of textonto the next rowline gaugeline gauge /�lan "ed�/ noun an instru-ment for measuring type, with picas,points, etc., marked on a type of rulerline illustrationsline illustrations /�lan lə|�streʃ(ə)nz/plural noun same as line drawingsline incrementline increment /�lan �ŋkrmənt/ nounthe minimum distance between two linesof type, which can be as small as one eight-eenth of a pointline lengthline length /�lan leŋθ/ noun the numberof characters that can fit into a set line oftypeline managementline management /�lan�m�nd�mənt/ noun a system of manage-ment using a hierarchical structure of jobs,so that everyone is responsible to theperson immediately above themline measureline measure /�lan �me�ə/ noun thelength of a line of typeset characters

linenlinen /�lnn/ noun cloth made from theflax plantlinen finishlinen finish /�lnn �fnʃ/ noun paper orboard grained to look like linenlinen paperlinen paper /�lnn �pepə/ noun strongpaper used for banknoteslinen testerlinen tester /�lnn �testə/ noun amagnifying glass used by printersline of businessline of business /�lan əv �bzns/, lineof work noun a type of business or workline of productline of product /�lan əv �prɒd�kt/noun same as product linelinerliner /�lanə/ noun paper used to coverboards or other papersline spaceline space /�lan spes/ noun a whitespace equivalent to one line of typesettingline widthline width /�lan wdθ/ noun the numberof characters across the type area of a linelininglining /�lanŋ/ noun 1. the act of makinga line of characters straight 2. paper used toglue inside a board cover, to strengthen itand prevent warping 3. mull or kraft paperglued inside the spine of a book tostrengthen it 4. the act of pasting paperinside the spine of a cased book tostrengthen itlining figureslining figures /�lanŋ �f"əz/, liningnumerals plural noun a form of Arabicnumerals which are aligned like capitals,as opposed to old face figures or non-liningfigures which have ascenders anddescenders. Also called modern figureslining paperslining papers /�lanŋ �pepəz/ pluralnoun pages of thicker paper at the front andback of a book, glued to the first and lasttext pages and then glued to the coverlinocutlinocut /�lanəυk�t/ noun 1. a designmade by cutting the surface of linoleumwith a knife 2. a print made from a linocut

COMMENT: Linocuts are broad and ratherrough; they cannot give delicate lines, butcan make striking designs.

LinotronLinotron /�lanəυtrɒn/ a trademark for aphototypesetting machine developed byLinotypeLinotypeLinotype /�lanəυtap/ a trade name fora metal composing machine, which setstype in a metal strip as long as a line, asopposed to single characters

COMMENT: Linotype is easy to use and canbe operated by a single keyboard operator;the main disadvantage as opposed toMonotype, is that, since each line is a singlepiece of metal (or ‘slug’), even a smallcorrection will involve resetting a whole line,and is therefore more expensive


157 lithographiclinotypistlinotypist /�lanəυtapst/ noun aperson who keyboards on a LinotypemachineLinsonLinson /�lns(ə)n/ a trademark for astrong binding paper which is patterned toresemble clothlintlint /lnt/ noun fibres which are detachedfrom the surface of paper as it is beingprintedLINUXLINUX /�lnəks/ a trademark for acomputer operating system that is a freeimplementation of the UNIX operatingsystemliquid crystal displayliquid crystal display /�lkwd�krst(ə)l ds|�ple/ noun liquid crystal thatturns black when a voltage is applied, usedin many small digital displays. Abbr LCDliquid laminateliquid laminate /�lkwd �l�mnət/noun a liquid plastic coating, painted ontoa cover to give it a glossy protective finishlistlist /lst/ noun /�melŋ lst/ 1. a series ofitems written down usually one under theother 2. a catalogue � There is a price listfor cars of different ages and models. �verb 1. to write a series of items one afterthe other � to list products by category � tolist representatives by area � The cata-logue lists twenty-three publications whichhave been delayed. 2. to print or displaycertain items of information � to list aprogram to display a program line by linein correct orderlist-buildinglist-building /�lst �bldŋ/ noun thecreation of a specialised series of titleslisting paperlisting paper /�lstŋ �pepə/ nounpaper made as a long sheet, used incomputer printerslistingslistings /�lstŋz/ plural noun informa-tion items such as what films are showingat which cinemas, etc., listed in a news-paperlist of abbreviationslist of abbreviations /�list əv ə|�bri�vi |

�eʃ(ə)nz/ noun a note in a reference bookwhich lists the abbreviations used and whatthey stand for, usually printed at the begin-ning of the text, after the prelims or, insome reference works such as dictionaries,on the endpaperslist of contentslist of contents /�lst əv �kɒntents/noun same as contents listlist pricelist price /�lst pras/ noun the price of acommodity according to a printed listliteracyliteracy /�lt(ə)rəsi/ noun the ability toread and write

‘In a withering dossier, chief inspectorGraham Donaldson concluded pupils

were being failed by poor teachers andweak leadership and that a fifth wereleaving school without basic literacy andnumeracy skills.’ [Sunday Express]

literalliteral /�lt(ə)rəl/ noun a mistake madewhen keyboarding so that characters aretransposedliteraryliterary /�lt(ə)rəri/ adjective relating toliteratureliterary agencyliterary agency /�lt(ə)rəri �ed�ənsi/noun an office which represents authors intheir negotiations with publishers, andfinds publishers for new works by authors,for a commissionliterary agentliterary agent /�lt(ə)rəri �ed�ənt/noun somebody whose job is to negotiatebusiness contracts on behalf of an authorliterary executorliterary executor /�lt(ə)rəri " |

�zekjυtə/ noun a person appointed by anauthor in his will, to look after their unpub-lished works and papers after they dieliterary forensicsliterary forensics /�lt(ə)rəri fə|

�renzks/ noun the scientific examinationof documents of disputed authenticityLiterary MarketplaceLiterary Marketplace /�lt(ə)rəri�mɑ�ktples/ noun an American publica-tion listing people such as publishers,agents and translators (NOTE: The Britishequivalent is the Writers’ and Artists’Yearbook.)literary propertyliterary property /�lt(ə)rəri �prɒpəti/noun the ownership of a copyrightliterary scoutliterary scout /�lt(ə)rəri skaυt/ noun aperson who looks for suitable books for apublisher to publish in another countryliterateliterate /�lt(ə)rət/ adjective able to readand writeliteratureliterature /�lt(ə)rətʃə/ noun 1. writtenworks such as novels, plays and poetry,especially those considered to have artisticquality 2. printed information on a specificsubjectliterature surveyliterature survey /�lt(ə)rətʃə �s!�ve/noun a bibliography listing material on agiven subject or sometimes in a given loca-tionlith filmlith film /�lθ flm/ noun high quality andcontrast photographic film used in litho-graphic printinglithographlithograph /�lθə"rɑ�f/ noun a work ofart printed from a stone or plate by lithog-raphylithographiclithographic /�lθəυ |�"r�fk/ adjectivereferring to lithography


lithographic paper 158lithographic paperlithographic paper /�lθəυ|�"r�fk�pepə/ noun fine paper for printing litho-graphslithographylithography /l |�θɒ"rəfi/, litho /�laθəυ/noun a method of printing in which the inksticks to greasy areas of treated metal,stone or film and is then transferred topaper

COMMENT: Lithography was invented in1798 by a German artist, Alois Senefelder.It was originally the art of drawing a designon stone in greasy ink, then printing from it.The surface now used is a metal plate, butthe principle is the same: this is that agreasy surface attracts ink, while a wetsurface repels ink. The design is drawn onthe surface with greasy ink, the surface isthen rolled with a damp roller to wet it, andthen the inking roller passes over it, leavingink on the parts which are greasy and notleaving ink on those parts which are wet.

litho platelitho plate /�laθəυ plet/ noun theprinting surface in lithographylitho preplitho prep /�laθəυ prep/ noun US themake-up of film or reprolive arealive area /�lav �eəriə/ noun the area ofan image or page which will printliving standardsliving standards /�lvŋ �st�ndədz/plural noun same as standard of living‘Livres Hebdo’‘Livres Hebdo’ /�li�vrə �ebdəυ/ noun aFrench weekly magazine dealing withbooks and publishing mattersloadload /ləυd/ noun goods which are trans-portedloadingloading /�ləυdŋ/ noun 1. a substancesuch as clay or gypsum, added to paperfurnish during beating before the paper-making process to make the paper moreopaque and more solid. � filler 2. the actionof adding gypsum or clay to paper stockloanloan /ləυn/ noun something that is lentand must be returnedLOCLOC abbreviation Library of CongressCatalog numberlocallocal /�ləυk(ə)l/ adjective belonging orrelating to the specific area where you liveor workLocal Area NetworkLocal Area Network /�ləυk(ə)l �eəriə�netw!�k/ noun a system linkingcomputers, terminals and printers, within arestricted geographical area, which sharethe same stored information in the networkmemory. Abbr LANlocal authorlocal author /�ləυk(ə)l �ɔ�θə/ noun anauthor who lives in the area served by abookshop or local radio station, and who isgiven special promotion

local interest titlelocal interest title /�ləυk(ə)l�nt(ə)rəst �tat(ə)l/ noun a book which isinteresting to people living in a certainarea, but less so to anyone elselocallylocally /�ləυk(ə)li/ adverb in the area nearwhere an office or factory is based � Werecruit all our staff locally.local paperlocal paper /�ləυk(ə)l �pepə/ noun anewspaper which sells in a particular area,and carries news about that arealoc. cit.loc. cit. abbreviation ‘in the placequoted’, used in a footnote to refer toanother note (NOTE: From for the Latinphrase ‘loco citato’.)locklock /lɒk/ verb to fasten something toprevent access � noun 1. a device forclosing a door or box so that it can beopened only with a key 2. a device toprevent a forme from movinglock uplock up /�lɒk ��p/ verb � to lock up typeto screw the quoins tight in a chase so thatthe metal type cannot fall outloft-dried paperloft-dried paper /�lɒft drad �pepə/noun paper which has been dried slowly ina special drying roomlogical palettelogical palette /�lɒd�k(ə)l �p�lət/noun a graphics object that includes thecolour palette information it requireslogologo /�ləυ"əυ/ noun a special designwhich identifies the products and publicitymaterial of a company or organisationlogotypelogotype /�lɒ"əυtap/ noun a singlepiece of metal type which prints a wholeword, a trademark, or the distinctive nameof a newspaper, etc.longlong /lɒŋ/ adjective having many words orpageslong-bodied typelong-bodied type /�lɒŋ �bɒdi�d �tap/noun characters cast on a larger body suchas 8 point on 9, which means that leadingis not neededlong columnlong column /�lɒŋ �kɒləm/, long page/�lɒŋ �ped�/ noun a column which islonger than the others and has to be cut, orwhich is allowed to be longer than others toavoid an awkward widowlong creditlong credit /�lɒŋ �kredt/ noun termsallowing the borrower a long time to paylong dashlong dash /�lɒŋ �d�ʃ/ noun same as emdashlong descenderslong descenders /�lɒŋ d|�sendəz/plural noun alternative characters in partic-ular typefaces that have longer descendersthan the normal characters in the same face


159 low-resolution graphicslong discountlong discount /�lɒŋ �dskaυnt/ noun atrade discount or discount from a manufac-turer to a retailerlong grainlong grain /�lɒŋ "ren/ noun paperwhere the grain runs parallel to the longerside of the sheetlonghandlonghand /�lɒŋh�nd/ noun handwritingwhere the words are written out in full andnot in shorthand � Applications should bewritten in longhand and sent to the humanresources officer.long inkslong inks /�lɔŋ ŋks/ plural noun viscousinks, that is, inks which flow relativelyeasily (NOTE: The opposite is short inks.)long pagelong page /�lɒŋ �ped�/ noun a pagewhich is longer than the others and has tobe cut, or which is allowed to be longerthan others to avoid an awkward widowlong runlong run /�lɒŋ r�n/ noun a print runwhich is longer than normallong slong s /�lɒŋ �es/ noun a letter ‘s’ in theform of an ‘f’, used in books printed beforethe end of the 18th centurylong-termlong-term /�lɒŋ �t!�m/ adjectiveconcerning a long period of time � Thelong-term plans include the developmentof a music library.long tonlong ton /�lɒŋ �t�n/ noun a measure ofweight equalling 1016 kiloslook and feellook and feel /�lυk ən �fi�l/ noun theappeal of the design, layout, and ease ofuse of a website to potential customers andthe way the site fits the image the companyis trying to put acrosslooker outlooker out /�lυkə �aυt/ noun a personwho looks out books in a warehouselook outlook out /�lυk �aυt/ verb to find books ina warehouse, according to the picking listlookthroughlookthrough /�lυk θru�/ noun how paperlooks when it is held up to the light toexamine it for finish or opacitylook uplook up /�lυk ��p/ verb to search forinformation, e.g. by consulting a referencebooklook-up tablelook-up table /�lυk �p �teb(ə)l/ noun acollection of stored results that can beaccessed very rapidly by a programwithout the need to calculate each resultwhenever needed. Abbr LUT

COMMENT: For computer graphics a look-uptable may be a table of pixel intensity orcolour information which increases therange of values that can be displayed.Since the values are stored in a look-uptable they do not have to be computed eachtime they are called up, and execution timeis reduced.

looploop /lu�p/ noun a series of actions thatare performed repeatedly until the proce-dure has been completedloose insertloose insert /�lu�s �ns!�t/ noun aninsert which is not bound into the maga-zineloose-leaf bookloose-leaf book /�lu�s li�f �bυk/ noun abook with loose pages which can be takenout and fixed back again on metal rings ina special binderlorem ipsumlorem ipsum /�lɔ�rəm �psəm/ noun aLatin-based dummy text used by printersto display page layouts or font typefaces,without being distracted by legible Englishtextloss-leaderloss-leader /�lɒs �li�də/ noun an articlewhich is sold very cheaply to attractcustomerslossless compressionlossless compression /�lɒsləs kəm|

�preʃ(ə)n/ noun an image compressiontechnique that can reduce the number ofbits used for each pixel in an image withoutlosing any information or sharpnesslossy compressionlossy compression /�lɒsi kəm |

�preʃ(ə)n/ noun an image compressiontechnique that can reduce the number ofbits used for each pixel in an image, but indoing so loses informationlowlow /ləυ/ adjective relating to type orblocks which are not as high as the formeand have to be raised by interlayinglower caselower case /�ləυə �kes/ adjectiverelating to small letters such as a, b, c, asopposed to upper case A, B, C. Abbr lclow-levellow-level /�ləυ �lev(ə)l/ adjective notvery important � A low-level delegationvisited the ministry. � A low-level meetingdecided to put off making a decision.low-level computer languagelow-level computer language /�ləυ�lev(ə)l kəm |�pju�tə �l�ŋ"wd�/ noun aprogramming language similar to machinecodelow opacity paperlow opacity paper /l|�əυ əυ|�p�sti�pepə/ noun transparent paperlow-reslow-res abbreviation low-resolutionlow resolutionlow resolution /�ləυ �rezə|�lu�ʃ(ə)n/adjective relating to the ability to displaypreset shapes on the screen rather thanindividual pixels. Abbr low-reslow-resolution graphicslow-resolution graphics /�ləυ �rezə |

�lu�ʃ(ə)n �"r�fks/, low-res graphics/�ləυ rez �"r�fks/ plural noun ability todisplay character-sized graphic blocks orpreset shapes on a screen rather than usingindividual pixels. Compare high-resolu-tion


Ludlow 160LudlowLudlow /�l�dləυ/ a trademark for a typeof composing machine which sets slugs ofdisplay type in large point sizes, used forheadingslump sumlump sum /�l�mp �s�m/ noun moneypaid in one single amount, not in severalsmall sums � He received a lump sum forthe copyright, as opposed to an advanceand a royalty.LUTLUT abbreviation look-up table

luxuryluxury /�l�kʃəri/ noun an expensive thingwhich is not necessary but which is good tohaveluxury editionluxury edition /�l�kʃəri |�dʃ(ə)n/ nounan edition printed on fine paper with asuperior bindinglying presslying press /�laŋ pres/ noun a smallpress used to hold handbound books whilethey are being glued. Also called layingpress


MMM prefix 1. one million. Full form mega 2.symbol for 1,048,576, used only incomputer and electronic related applica-tions. Full form mega 3. one thousandmachine bindingmachine binding /mə|�ʃi�n �bandŋ/noun binding by an automatic bindingmachinemachine-coated papermachine-coated paper /mə|�ʃi�n�kəυtd �pepə/ noun paper which iscoated while being made in the paper-making machine, and is therefore cheaperthan paper coated off the machinemachine codemachine code /mə|�ʃi�n kəυd/ nouninstructions and information shown as aseries of binary figures which can be readby a computer. Also called machinelanguagemachine compositionmachine composition /mə|�ʃi�n�kɒmpəzʃ(ə)n/ noun typesetting by thehot metal method, where the compositorkeyboards and the machine sets the type inhot metalmachine directionmachine direction /mə|�ʃi�n da|

�rekʃən/ noun the way in which the grainof the paper lies in the same direction asthe movement of the web along a paper-making machine. Also called grain direc-tionmachine-finished papermachine-finished paper /mə|�ʃi�n�fnʃt �pepə/ noun paper that has beenfinished by passing through calenders onthe papermaking machine. Abbr MF papermachine-glazed papermachine-glazed paper /mə|�ʃi�n"lezd �pepə/ noun paper that has beendried on a heated cylinder, giving a glossyfinish to one side. Abbr MG papermachine languagemachine language /mə|�ʃi�n�l�ŋ"wd�/ noun same as machine codemachine-made papermachine-made paper /mə|�ʃi�nmed/, machine-produced paper nounpaper which has been manufactured by amachine, not handmade � The grain inmachine-made paper runs along the web.

machine mindermachine minder /mə|�ʃi�n �mandə/noun a person in charge of a printingmachinemachine proofmachine proof /mə|�ʃi�n pru�f/ noun aproof of sheets of a book, taken from theprinting pressmachine-readable codemachine-readable code /mə|�ʃi�n�ri�dəb(ə)l �kəυd/ noun a set of signs orletters which a computer can readmachine revisemachine revise /mə |�ʃi�n r |�vaz/ nouna final proof taken from the printing pressbefore printing startsmachine roommachine room /mə|�ʃi�n ru�m/ noun thesection of a printing works where theprinting takes placemachinery guardsmachinery guards /mə|�ʃi�nəri "ɑ�dz/plural noun pieces of metal which preventemployees from getting hurt by the movingparts of a machinemachine translationmachine translation /mə|�ʃi�n tr�ns |

�leʃ(ə)n/ noun translation from onelanguage into another carried out automat-ically by a computermachine wiremachine wire /mə|�ʃi�n �waə/ noun awire or plastic cloth in a fourdrinier paper-making machine, on which the paper isformedmachiningmachining /mə|�ʃi�nŋ/ noun printing onpaper using a printing pressmachinistmachinist /mə|�ʃi�nst/ noun a personwhose job is to work a machinemacklemackle /�m�k(ə)l/, mackled proof nouna blurred proof, which has been badlyprintedmacromacro /m�krəυ/ noun a block of instruc-tions which is activated by a singlekeystroke on a computermacronmacron /�m�krɒn/ noun a little line (¯)printed above a vowel to show that it ispronounced longmade endpapersmade endpapers /�meid �endpepəz/,made ends plural noun specially thick


magazine 162

endpapers which are made by glueingseveral sheets togethermagazinemagazine /�m�"ə |�zi�n/ noun 1. aregular weekly, monthly or quarterly publi-cation containing articles, stories, photo-graphs and advertisements 2. a radio ortelevision programme made up of severaldifferent items 3. a container on a Linotypemachine which contains the matrices fromwhich the slugs are cast 4. a container forslides to be used in an automatic projectormagazine insertmagazine insert /�m�"ə |�zi�n �ns!�t/noun an advertising sheet put into a maga-zine when it is mailed or soldmagazine mailingmagazine mailing /m�"ə |�zi�n�melŋ/ noun the sending of copies of amagazine by post to subscribersmagazine publishermagazine publisher /�m�"ə|�zi�n�p�blʃə/ noun a publishing house whichpublishes magazinesmagazine reel standmagazine reel stand /�m�"ə|�zi�n ri�l�st�nd/ noun a device which is near aweb-fed press, with spare reels of papermagazine supplementmagazine supplement /�m�"ə|�zi�n�s�plmənt/ noun a supplement to a news-paper, in the form of a magazine formatsection, usually in colour, given free withthe weekend edition of a newspapermagentamagenta /mə |�d�entə/ noun one of theprocess colours, a shade of redmagneticmagnetic /m�" |�netk/ adjectiverelating to something that uses electricalmagnetism to record and store informationto be read by a computermagnetic character readingmagnetic character reading /m�" |

�netk �k�rktə �ri�dŋ/, magnetic inkcharacter recognition /m�" |�netk ŋk�k�rktə �rekə"|�nʃ(ə)n/ noun a systemthat recognises characters by sensingmagnetic ink, used on cheques. Abbr MCR,MICRmagnetic headmagnetic head /m�"|�netk �hed/noun an electromagnetic device that reads,writes or erases data on a magneticmediummagnetic inkmagnetic ink /m�" |�netk �ŋk/ noun aspecial ink with magnetic particles in it,used for printing chequesmagnetic tapemagnetic tape /m�" |�netk �tep/ nountape coated with a magnetic material sothat electrical signals can be recorded on toit for speech, film or computer informationmagnificationmagnification /�m�"nf |�keʃ(ə)n/noun the amount by which something hasbeen made to appear larger, or the process

of magnifying a picture � The lens gives amagnification of 10.magnifymagnify /�m�"nfa/ verb to makesomething appear bigger or more impor-tant than it really ismailmail /mel/ noun letters and parcels deliv-ered by the Post Officemail boxmail box /�mel bɒks/ noun 1. one ofseveral boxes where incoming mail is putin a large building 2. a box for puttingletters or small packages which you wantto post 3. an electronic storage space withan address in which a user’s incomingmessages are storedmailingmailing /�melŋ/ noun the act of sendingsomething in the postmailing housemailing house /�melŋ haυs/ noun acompany who undertakes distribution oflarge amounts of printed mattermailing listmailing list /�melŋ lst/ noun 1. a listof names and addresses kept by an organi-sation so that it can send people informa-tion or regular publications 2. an electroniclist of e-mail addressees or subscriberswho usually have an interest in the sametopicmailing piecemailing piece /�melŋ pi�s/ noun aleaflet suitable for sending by direct mailmailing shotmailing shot /�melŋ ʃɒt/ noun leafletssent by mail to possible customersmail mergemail merge /�mel m!�d�/ noun a word-processing program which allows astandard letter to be sent out to a series ofdifferent names and addressesmail ordermail order /�mel �ɔ�də/ noun a systemof buying and selling from a catalogue,placing orders and sending goods by mailmail-order businessmail-order business /�mel ɔ�də�bzns/, mail-order firm, mail-orderhouse noun a company that sells productsby mailmail-order cataloguemail-order catalogue /�mel ɔ�də�k�t(ə)lɒ"/ noun a catalogue from whicha customer orders items to be sent by mailmail-order sellingmail-order selling /�mel ɔ�də �selŋ/noun selling by taking orders andsupplying a product by postmail roommail room /�mel ru�m/ noun a room inan office where incoming letters are sortedand sent to each department, and whereoutgoing mail is collected for sendingmail shotmail shot /�mel ʃɒt/ noun a largenumber of information or publicity leafletssent out to a selected group of prospectivecustomers


163 mandatory meetingmain entrymain entry /�men �entri/ noun thefullest entry in a catalogue, often with atracing of related referencesmainframemainframe /�menfrem/, mainframecomputer /�menfrem kəm |�pju�tə/noun a large-scale high-power computersystem that can handle high-capacitymemory and backing storage devices aswell as servicing a number of operatorssimultaneouslymain indexmain index /�men �ndeks/ noun ageneral index which guides users to morespecific entriesmain selectionmain selection /�men s |�lekʃən/ nouna book which is the first choice offered tothe club members and is heavily promotedmaintenancemaintenance /�mentənəns/ noun theprocess of keeping something in goodcondition by giving it regular care andattentionmaintenance contractmaintenance contract /�mentənəns�kɒntr�kt/ noun an arrangement with arepair company to make regular checksand repairs at special pricesmajusculemajuscule /�m�d�əskju�l/ noun acapital letter or upper case letter (NOTE:The opposite is minuscule or lower caseletter.)make evenmake even /�mek �i�v(ə)n/ verb toarrange type so that it runs the full width ofthe line, or to arrange that the last line of asection being set is a full linemake goodmake good /�mek �"υd/ verb to repairor to compensate for something � to makegood a loss � The company will make goodthe damage.makegoodmakegood /�mek"υd/ noun an adver-tisement which is run a second timebecause there was a mistake in the first runmake readymake ready /�mek �redi/ verb to get aprinting machine ready for printing, e.g. byplacing the plates in it and testing the paperand the impressionmake-ready timemake-ready time /�mek �redi �tam/noun the time taken by a printer to preparethe machines and plates for printingmaker-upmaker-up /�mekə ��p/ noun a personwho puts text into pagesmake upmake up /�mek ��p/ verb 1. to compen-sate for something 2. to split text into pageswith headlines, page numbers, etc., andarrange typeset material into the correctpage formats before printingmakingmaking /�mekŋ/ noun production of anitem � Ten tonnes of paper were used in themaking of the order.

making upmaking up /�mekŋ ��p/ noun the act ofbringing the printed sections of a booktogether before sewingmalwaremalware /�m�lweə/ noun software suchas viruses designed to cause damage ordisruption to a computer systemMANMAN /m�n/ abbreviation metropolitanarea networkmanagementmanagement /�m�nd�mənt/ noun theprocess of controlling an organisation,company or groupmanagement accountantmanagement accountant/�m�nd�mənt ə|�kaυntənt/ noun anaccountant who prepares financial infor-mation for managers so that they can takedecisionsmanagement accountsmanagement accounts/�m�nd�mənt ə|�kaυnts/ plural nounfinancial information such as sales,expenditure, credit and profitability,prepared so as to assist a manager in takingdecisionsManagement By ObjectivesManagement By Objectives/�m�nd�mənt ba əb |�jektvz/ noun asystem of managing a company by statingthe aims of the organisation as the basis ofpolicy. Abbr MBOmanagement consultantmanagement consultant/�m�nd�mənt kən|�s�ltənt/ noun aperson who gives advice on how to managea businessmanagement coursemanagement course /�m�nd�məntkɔ�s/ noun a training course for managersmanagement teammanagement team /�m�nd�məntti�m/ noun a group of managers workingtogethermanagement traineemanagement trainee /�m�nd�mənttre|�ni�/ noun a young member of staffbeing trained to be a managermanagement trainingmanagement training/�m�nd�mənt �trenŋ/ noun the trainingof managers by making them study theprinciples and practices of managementmanagermanager /�m�nd�ə/ noun a person whois responsible for running a company,organisation or groupmanagerialmanagerial /�m�nə|�d�əriəl/ adjectiverelating to the work of a managermanaging directormanaging director /�m�nəd�ŋ da|

�rektə/ noun a director who is in charge ofa whole companymandatorymandatory /�m�ndət(ə)ri/ adjectivecompulsory � It is mandatory to pay taxes.mandatory meetingmandatory meeting /�m�ndət(ə)ri�mi�tŋ/ noun a meeting which allmembers have to attend


manga 164mangamanga /�m�ŋ"ə/ noun a Japanese styleof comic-book fantasy drawing, character-ised by over-large eyes and a layout inwhich the panels run right to leftman-hourman-hour /�m�n aυə/ noun the amountof work done by one person in one hour �One million man-hours were lost throughindustrial action.manifold papermanifold paper /�m�nfəυld �pepə/,manifold bank noun a very thin lightpaper or airmail papermanillamanilla /mə|�nlə/, manila noun fibrefrom the leaves of a plant grown in thePhilippines, used to make strong thickbrown paper which is very difficult to tear� a manilla envelopemanilla cardmanilla card /mə|�nlə kɑ�d/ noun boardused in stationerymanipulatemanipulate /mə |�npjυlet/ verb tocontrol people, data or situations toproduce a specific resultmanipulationmanipulation /mə|�npjυ |�leʃ(ə)n/noun the act of moving, editing orchanging text or data � The high-speeddatabase management program allows themanipulation of very large amounts ofdata.mannedmanned /m�nd/ adjective with some-body working on it � The switchboard ismanned twenty-four hours a day. � Thestand was manned by our sales staff.manning levelsmanning levels /�m�nŋ �lev(ə)lz/plural noun the number of people requiredin each department of a company to do thework efficientlymanualmanual /�m�njuəl/ noun a document orbook containing instructions about theoperation of a system or machine � adjec-tive done by hand rather than by machinemanual data processingmanual data processing /�m�njuəl�detə �prəυsesŋ/ noun the sorting andprocessing of information without the helpof a computermanual entrymanual entry /�m�njuəl �entri/,manual input /�m�njuəl �npυt/ noun theact of entering data into a computer by anoperator via a keyboardmanuallymanually /�m�njuəli/ adverb done byhand, not by a machine � Invoices have hadto be made manually because the computerhas broken down. � The paper has to be fedinto the printer manually.Manual of StyleManual of Style /�m�njυəl əv �stal/ atrade name for a book of instructions onspelling, hyphenation and punctuation,published by the University of Chicago

Press, and widely used by Americaneditors, printers and publishers (NOTE: TheBritish equivalent is Hart’s Rulespublished by Oxford University Press.)manufacturemanufacture /�m�njυ |�f�ktʃə/ verb tomake something in a factory � noun themaking of a product for sale, usingmachinesmanufacturermanufacturer /�m�njυ|�f�ktʃərə/noun a company which makes a productmanufacturer’s recommended pricemanufacturer’s recommendedprice /�m�njυf�ktʃərəz �rekəmendd�pras/ noun the price at which the manu-facturer suggests a product should be soldon the retail market, though often reducedby the retailermanufacturingmanufacturing /�m�njυ |�f�ktʃərŋ/noun the production of machine-madeproducts for salemanufacturing capacitymanufacturing capacity /�m�njυ|

�f�ktʃərŋ kə |�p�sti/ noun the amount ofa product which a factory is capable ofmakingmanufacturing clausemanufacturing clause /�m�njυ|

�f�ktʃərŋ �klɔ�z/ noun US a clause in theAmerican Copyright Act 1978, restrictingthe import into the USA of books writtenby Americans and published outside theUSA, abandoned in 1982manufacturing costsmanufacturing costs /�m�njυ|

�f�ktʃərŋ kɒsts/ plural noun the costs ofmaking a productmanufacturing industriesmanufacturing industries /�m�njυ|

�f�ktʃərŋ �ndəstriz/ plural noun indus-tries which take raw materials and makethem into finished productsmanuscriptmanuscript /�m�njυskrpt/ noun atyped or handwritten text of somethingbefore it is printed � The advance on royal-ties will be paid on acceptance of thecompleted manuscript for publication.Abbr MSmapmap /m�p/ noun a diagrammatic repre-sentation of an area of land

COMMENT: Maps are now mainlycomputerised and are output on plotters.This allows the information on a map to bestored as a database, which can be used toproduce maps on different scales, withdifferent colour designs, etc.

map papersmap papers /�m�p �pepəz/ plural nounpapers used for map work, with highopacity and good folding capacitymapping penmapping pen /�m�pŋ pen/ noun a penwith a fine round point, used for drawingmaps


165 marketing agreementmarblemarble /�mɑ�b(ə)l/ verb to colour paperwith a swirling pattern of colours, similarto patterns on marblemarbled endpapersmarbled endpapers /�mɑ�b(ə)ld�endpepəz/ plural noun endpapers madewith marbled papermarblingmarbling /�mɑ�b(ə)lŋ/ noun colouredpatterns used on endpapers

COMMENT: Marbling involves making anirregular pattern of lines of colour, asopposed to stippling, which is an irregularpattern of dots or spots of colour. Inmarbling, the paper is placed in a vat inwhich a gum solution made from Irish mossis covered with liquid colours, which aremoved into swirling patterns.

marching displaymarching display /�mɑ�tʃŋ d|�sple/noun a display device containing a bufferwhich allows the last few charactersentered to be displayedmarginmargin /�mɑ�d�n/ noun a blank spacearound a section of printed text betweenthe printed text and the edge of the paper

COMMENT: Margins should be wide enoughto allow the book to be trimmed not onlywhen it is bound for the first time, but if itneeds to be rebound in a library binding.The four margins are not usually the samewidth: the back margin is the narrowest andthe foot margin the widest. The ratiosbetween the four margins vary from book tobook and from printer to printer, butcommon ratios are: (back : top : foredge :foot) 2 : 3 : 4 : 6 or 1.5 : 2 : 3 : 4. Note thatthe opposite is the case with magazines,where the top of the page is more importantand has a wider margin than the foot.

marginalmarginal /�mɑ�d�n(ə)l/ adjective in amarginmarginal costmarginal cost /�mɑ�d�n(ə)l �kɒst/noun the cost of making a single extra unitabove the number already plannedmarginaliamarginalia /�mɑ�d�|�neliə/ plural nounmarginal notesmarginal notesmarginal notes /�mɑ�d�n(ə)l nəυts/plural noun notes in small type printed inthe outer margin of a pagemarginal pricingmarginal pricing /�mɑ�d�n(ə)l�prasŋ/ noun the act of making theselling price the same as the marginal costmarginal revenuemarginal revenue /�mɑ�d�n(ə)l�revenju�/ noun income from selling asingle extra unit above the number alreadysoldmarginationmargination /�mɑ�d�n |�eʃ(ə)n/ nounthe act of giving margins to a printed pagemargin guidemargin guide /�mɑ�d�n "ad/ noun indesktop publishing programs, a non-printing line or box that shows on-screenwhere the page margins are

margin of errormargin of error /�mɑ�d�n əv �erə/noun the number of mistakes that areconsidered to be acceptable in a documentor calculationmargin of safetymargin of safety /�mɑ�d�n əv �sefti/noun sales which are above the breakevenpointmarkmark /mɑ�k/ noun 1. a sign or symbolwritten on a page 2. the score or gradeachieved for an assignment or examination� verb to assess work and award it a gradeor scoremark downmark down /�mɑ�k �daυn/ verb to makesomething such as a grade or price lowermark-downmark-down /�mɑ�k daυn/ noun 1. areduction of the price of something to lessthan its usual price 2. a percentage amountby which a price has been lowered � Wehave used a 30% mark-down to fix the saleprice.marked proofmarked proof /�mɑ�kt �pru�f/ noun aproof which has been read by the printer’sreader, with their corrections marked ingreen ink, sent to the publisher for readingand for instructions for correctionsmarkermarker /�mɑ�kə/ noun an object that isused to show the position of somethingmarker penmarker pen /�mɑ�kə pen/ noun acoloured pen used to indicate or highlightsections of textmarketmarket /�mɑ�kt/ noun 1. the number ofpeople wishing to buy a product or the areaof the world where it is sold 2. � to find amarket niche to find a section of themarket which is not catered for, and sellinto it � to come on to the market tobecome available for sale � This shop hasjust come on to the market. � verb toorganise the sale of a product by decidingthe price, the areas where it will be soldand how it will be advertisedmarketablemarketable /�mɑ�ktəb(ə)l/ adjectiveeasy to sellmarket analysismarket analysis /�mɑ�kt ə|�n�ləss/noun same as market researchmarket capitalisationmarket capitalisation /�mɑ�kt�k�ptəla |�zeʃ(ə)n/ noun the value of acompany calculated by multiplying theprice of its shares on the stock exchange bythe number of shares issued � a companywith a £1m capitalisationmarketingmarketing /�mɑ�ktŋ/ noun techniquesused in selling a product, such as pack-aging and advertisingmarketing agreementmarketing agreement /�mɑ�ktŋ ə|

�"ri�mənt/ noun a contract by which one


marketing department 166

company will market another company’sproductsmarketing departmentmarketing department /�mɑ�ktŋ d|

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a department in acompany which specialises in usingmarketing techniques to sell a productmarketing managermarketing manager /�mɑ�ktŋ�m�nd�ə/ noun a person in charge of amarketing departmentmarketing planmarketing plan /�mɑ�ktŋ pl�n/ nouna strategy for selling a product or serviceby planning the advertising and distribu-tion within a selected marketmarket leadermarket leader /�mɑ�kt �li�də/ noun theproduct which sells most in a market, or acompany which has the largest share of amarketmarket openingmarket opening /�mɑ�kt �əυp(ə)nŋ/noun the possibility of starting to do busi-ness in a new marketmarket opportunitiesmarket opportunities /�mɑ�kt ɒpə|

�tju�ntiz/ plural noun the possibility offinding new sales in a marketmarket penetrationmarket penetration /�mɑ�kt �pen |

�treʃ(ə)n/ noun an expression of howmuch of the chosen market is reached by aproduct � They estimated a 50% marketpenetration for the information service.marketplacemarketplace /�mɑ�ktples/ noun 1. thepotential number of people who will buy aproduct or use a service 2. a place wheregoods or services can be sold or offeredmarket researchmarket research /�mɑ�kt r |�s!�tʃ/noun the process of examining the possiblesales of a product and the possiblecustomers for it before it is put on themarket. Also called market analysismarket testmarket test /�mɑ�kt �test/ noun anexamination to see if a sample of a productwill sell in a marketmarket trendmarket trend /�mɑ�kt �trend/ noun agradual change taking place in a marketmarket valuemarket value /�mɑ�kt �v�lju�/ nounthe value of a product or of a company ifsold todaymark upmark up /�mɑ�k ��p/ verb to preparecopy for printing by indicating such thingsas font size, typeface and layoutmark-upmark-up /�mɑ�k �p/ noun 1. the act ofcommunicating typographical details tothe printer by writing them on the manu-script 2. an increase in price � We put intoeffect a 10% mark-up of all prices in June.3. the amount added to the cost price togive the selling price � We work to a 350%mark-up.

maskmask /mɑ�sk/ noun a black overlay putover part of a film or illustration, so that itdoes not reproduce � verb to cover thoseparts of a photograph which are not to bereproducedmasking papermasking paper /�mɑ�skŋ �pepə/noun paper used to mount films for plate-makingmasking tapemasking tape /�mɑ�skŋ tep/ noun anadhesive tape used to cover parts of a filmmassmass /m�s/ noun 1. a large group ofpeople 2. a large number � They receivedmasses of orders after the TV commercials.mass marketmass market /�m�s �mɑ�kt/ noun avery large market, covering a large propor-tion of a populationmass marketingmass marketing /�m�s �mɑ�ktŋ/noun marketing which aims at reachinglarge numbers of peoplemass market paperbackmass market paperback /�m�s�mɑ�kt �pepəb�k/ noun a paperbackbook aimed at the mass marketmass storagemass storage /�m�s �stɔ�rd�/ nounthe storage and retrieval of large amountsof data

‘“It’s not unusual for universities orgovernment bodies to have rooms thatare floor to ceiling with magnetic tapes”,says Kevin Murrell, a curator atBletchley Park Computer Museum. “Tenor fifteen years ago this was the mostcommon mass-storage medium, buttoday it’s increasingly difficult to readthem”.’ [New Scientist]

mass storage devicemass storage device /�m�s �stɔ�rd�d |�vas/ noun a computer backing storedevice such as a disk drive which is able tostore large amounts of datamastermaster /�mɑ�stə/ noun 1. the originaldocument from which copies are made 2.the most important person or device withina systemmaster filemaster file /�mɑ�stə fal/ noun the maincopy of a computer file, kept for securitypurposesmaster pagemaster page /�mɑ�stə ped�/ noun astandard layout for the pages of a book,prepared on screen in desktop publishingmaster printermaster printer /�mɑ�stə �prntə/ nouna printer who has passed qualifying exam-inations and trains othersMaster’s degreeMaster’s degree /�mɑ�stəz d|�"ri�/noun an academic degree, usually awardedafter one or two years of postgraduatestudy


167 mechanicalmastheadmasthead /�mɑ�sthed/ noun 1. the nameof a newspaper or magazine, which isusually set in a special design and printedat the top of the first page of each issue 2.the area at the top of a webpage, whichusually contains the logo of the organisa-tion that owns the page, and often a searchbox and a set of links to important areas ofthe website 3. US details of the ownership,issue number and address of a newspaperor magazine, printed on the editorial pagematmat /m�t/ noun 1. a mould made from apage of standing metal type, used to makea stereo 2. a mould used to cast a piece ofmetal type � full form matrixmatchmatch /m�tʃ/ verb to find an item thathas equal characteristics � He had to matchthem for size and colour.MatchprintMatchprint /�m�tʃprnt/ a trade namefor a pre-press proofing system usingcolour toners and a photo-sensitivesubstratematerialmaterial /mə |�təriəl/ noun a substancethat can be used to make a finished productmaterials controlmaterials control /mə|�təriəlz kən |

�trəυl/ noun a system to check that acompany has enough materials in stock todo its workmaterials handlingmaterials handling /mə|�təriəlz�h�ndlŋ/ noun the moving of materialsfrom one part of a factory to another in anefficient waymathematicalmathematical /�m�θə|�m�tk(ə)l/adjective relating to mathematicsmathematical settingmathematical setting /�m�θə|

�m�tk(ə)l �setŋ/ noun specialised type-setting of mathematical texts

COMMENT: Certain typesetters specialise inmathematical or scientific setting; suchsetting is normally more expensive thansetting straight text.

mathematical symbolsmathematical symbols/�m�θəm�tk(ə)l �smb(ə)lz/ plural nounvarious signs and symbols used in settingmathematical textsmathematicsmathematics /�m�θə|�m�tks/ nounthe study of the relationship betweennumbers, their manipulation and organisa-tion, to prove facts and theories logicallymatrixmatrix /�metrks/ noun 1. a coppermould used to cast a piece of metal type 2.a mould made from a page of standingmetal type, used to make a stereo 3. apattern of the dots that make up a characterin phototypesetting or on a computerscreen (NOTE: [all senses] The plural ismatrices.)

mattmatt /m�t/, matte /m�t/ adjective notshiny or with a dull surfacematt art papermatt art paper /�m�t �ɑ�t �pepə/ nouncoated paper which is not glossy (NOTE:The US term is dull-coated paper.)mattermatter /�m�tə/ noun a situation that youhave to deal with � This is a matter whichthe library committee must decide.matt finish papermatt finish paper /�m�t �fnʃ �pepə/noun art paper which is not shinymaturemature /mə|�tʃυə/ verb to prepare paperfor printing by exposing it to the tempera-ture and humidity levels of the pressroommaximummaximum /�m�ksməm/ noun 1. thelargest amount possible 2. the highestachievement possiblemaximum measuremaximum measure /�m�ksməm�me�ə/ noun the longest line which can beusedMbMb, MB abbreviation megabyteMbpsMbps noun the number of million bitstransmitted every second. Full form mega-bits per secondMBSMBS abbreviation mind body and spiritMByteMByte abbreviation MBMCRMCR abbreviation magnetic characterreadingmean linemean line /�mi�n lan/ noun the height oflower case characters without ascendersmeasuremeasure /�me�ə/ verb to discover thesize or quantity of something by using acalibrated instrument � noun 1. a set ofscales or strip for measuring 2. an actiontaken to bring about a specific result �Measures have been taken to reduce theloss of books.measurementmeasurement /�me�əmənt/ noun sizein units such as centimetres or inches

COMMENT: In Britain, the measurements ofpaper sheets are normally given with theshort side first (768 x 1008mm), while thephysical measurements of a book arenormally given with the height first and thenthe width. The format of this book is 198 x129. Note that in many countries, themeasurements are given with the width firstand height second, leading to muchconfusion. The measurement of type isbased on the point system (one point is0.3515mm in Britain and the USA;0.376mm in Europe).

mechanicalmechanical /m |�k�nk(ə)l/ adjectiverelating to something that has moving partsand uses power to perform tasks � nouncamera-ready copy made either by pastingthe various sections of finished text andillustrations on a piece of board ready to be


mechanical binding 168

photographed, or on a piece of page layoutsoftwaremechanical bindingmechanical binding /m|�k�nk(ə)l�bandŋ/ noun bookbinding using aspecial device, e.g. spiral binding or combbinding

COMMENT: The main types of mechanicalbinding are: plastic comb binding, wheresquare holes are made in each leaf, intowhich the teeth of the comb fit; spiralbinding, where the series of round holes aremade in the leaves and a wire shaped like aspring is passed through them; ring binding,where only two or four holes are made ineach leaf and heavy rings are fitted throughthem.

mechanical compositionmechanical composition /m |

�k�nk(ə)l �kɒmpə|�zʃ(ə)n/ noun type-setting by the hot metal method, where thecompositor keyboards the text and themachine casts the type in hot metalmechanical overlaymechanical overlay /m|�k�nk(ə)l�əυvəle/ noun an overlay which is cut outby a machinemechanical papermechanical paper /m|�k�nk(ə)l�pepə/ noun paper made from untreatedwood, used in printing newspapers andpaperbacksmechanical pulpmechanical pulp /m |�k�nk(ə)l p�lp/noun pulp made from ground untreatedwood which still contains impuritiesmechanical pulp boardmechanical pulp board /m |

�k�nk(ə)l �p�lp �bɔ�d/ noun card madefrom mechanical pulpmechanical reproductionmechanical reproduction /m |

�k�nk(ə)l �ri�prə|�d�kʃ(ə)n/ noun repro-duction by mechanical means, such asmusic on tape or record, or printed text byphotocopyingmechanical screenmechanical screen /m|�k�nk(ə)l�skri�n/, mechanical tint noun shading indots or lines, which is preprinted, and canbe cut up and stuck down to give shading inartworkmechanical separationmechanical separation /m |

�k�nk(ə)l �sepə|�reʃ(ə)n/ noun using aseparate mechanical for each colour to beprintedmechanical stipplemechanical stipple /m|�k�nk(ə)l�stp(ə)l/ noun stipple which is preprintedand can be applied to the design by thedesignermediamedia /�mi�diə/ noun the main means ofcommunication as in radio, television andnewspapers � the media, the mass mediameans of communicating information tothe public (such as television, radio, news-

papers) � The product attracted a lot ofinterest in the media.media analysismedia analysis /�mi�diə ə|�n�ləss/noun the examination of different types ofmedia such as newspapers and television,to see which is best for promoting a partic-ular type of product. Also called mediaresearchmedia convertermedia converter /�mi�diə kən|�v!�tə/noun a multi-disk reader device which canread data from various sizes and formats ofdiskmedia coveragemedia coverage /�mi�diə �k�v(ə)rd�/noun the number of reports about a situa-tion or event in the newspapers, radio ortelevisionmedia researchmedia research /�mi�diə r |�s!�tʃ/ nounsame as media analysismedicalmedical /�medk(ə)l/ noun relating to thestudy or treatment of illnessmedical certificatemedical certificate /�medk(ə)l sə|

�tfkət/ noun a certificate from a doctor toshow that an employee has been illmedical publishingmedical publishing /�medk(ə)l�p�blʃŋ/ noun the publishing of books onmedical subjectsmediummedium /�mi�diəm/ adjective neitherlarge nor small, but middle-sized � nounthe means used to communicate or expressoneself � They communicated through themedium of the written word. (NOTE: Theplural is media or mediums.)medium facemedium face /�mi�diəm fes/ noun atypeface which is halfway between boldand lightmedium octavomedium octavo /�mi�diəm ɒk|�tɑ�vəυ/noun a traditional book format of 9 x 5 3/4inchesmedium screenmedium screen /�mi�diəm skri�n/noun a halftone screen about 90–120 linesper inchmedium-termmedium-term /�mi�diəm �t!�m/ adjec-tive for a period of one or two yearsmega-mega- /me"ə/ prefix one millionmegabitmegabit /�me"əbt/ noun one millionbits. Abbr Mbmegabytemegabyte /�me"əbat/ noun a storageunit in computers, equal to 1,048,576bytes, or 1022 bytes. Abbr MB, Mbyte(NOTE: Roughly speaking, a megabyte isequivalent to one million printed charac-ters.)melinexmelinex /�melneks/ noun thick poly-ester base film


169 metrememomemo /�meməυ/ noun a short messagesent from one person to another in the sameorganisationmemoirsmemoirs /�memwɑ�z/ plural noun anautobiographical work, written in a lessformal and more selective way than a fullautobiographymemorandummemorandum /�memə|�r�ndəm/ nounfull form of memomemorial volumememorial volume /m|�mɔ�riəl�vɒlju�m/ noun a book written in memoryof someonememorymemory /�mem(ə)ri/ noun 1. a person’sability to remember things 2. the capacityto store informationmendingmending /�mendŋ/ noun a piece addedto a printing platemenumenu /�menju�/ noun a list of optionsdisplayed on screen for the user of acomputer programmenu-driven softwaremenu-driven software /�menju��drv(ə)n �sɒftweə/ noun a programwhere commands or options are selectedfrom a menu by the operatormenu selectionmenu selection /�menju� s|�lekʃən/noun the choosing of commands from a listof options presented to the operatormerchandisemerchandise /�m!�tʃəndaz/ noungoods that are bought, sold or traded � verbto sell goods and servicesmerchandisermerchandiser /�m!�tʃəndazə/ noun 1.a person or company which organiseseither the display and promotion of goods,or the production of products based onother sources 2. a box or carton for thedisplay of products such as booksmerchandisingmerchandising /�m!�tʃ(ə)n |�dazŋ/noun the organisation of the display andpromotion of goods for sale � merchan-dising of a product � merchandisingdepartment

COMMENT: Merchandising can take manyforms: it can include the production ofchildren’s toys based on a popular cartooncharacter; the sale of souvenirs linked to afamous tourist resort; special gifts tied intoa special event such as the OlympicGames. Normally, if such products arebased on characters in a book, thepublisher will not be responsible for theirmanufacture, but will license amerchandiser to produce and sell themagainst payment of a royalty.

merchandising rightsmerchandising rights/�m!�tʃ(ə)ndazŋ rats/ plural noun theright to produce products based on a char-acter in a TV programme or in a book

merchantmerchant /�m!�tʃənt/ noun somebodywho buys and sells goods in bulk for retailsalemergemerge /m!�d�/ verb to combine two datafiles on a computer. � mail mergemerge sortmerge sort /�m!�d� �sɔ�t/ noun a soft-ware application in which the sorted filesare merged into a new filemetadatametadata /�metədetə/ noun essentialinformation contained in a document orweb page, e.g. its publication date, author,keywords, title, and summary, which isused by search engines to find relevantwebsites in response to a search requestfrom a user

‘Contivo Vocabulary ManagementSolution (VMS) (TM) provides a centralsemantics-based metadata repository,development tools, infrastructure, andcode generators that automate datatransformation for applicationintegration across multiple platforms.’[BusinessWire]

metalmetal /�met(ə)l/ noun the alloy used tomake the type in metal setting

COMMENT: The metal used in setting is analloy of lead, tin and antimony, usuallyabout 70% lead, 10% tin and 20%antimony. Lead is too soft to be used alone,and antimony is added to make it hard,while the tin makes the alloy tougher andalso more fluid when liquid. Metal used inLinotype and Monotype machines has ahigher proportion of lead.

metal feedermetal feeder /�met(ə)l �fi�də/ noun adevice which lowers an ingot of metalslowly into the melting potmetallicmetallic /me|�t�lk/ adjective made ofmetal or containing metalmetallic inkmetallic ink /me|�t�lk �ŋk/ noun inkwith metal powder in it, normally gold,silver or copper, used to give a shiny effectmetal rulemetal rule /�met(ə)l �ru�l/ noun a steelruler, marked in centimetres, picas, etc.,which allows a printed measure to becalculatedmetal stitchingmetal stitching /�met(ə)l �sttʃŋ/noun the attaching of the sections of a booktogether with metal staplesmetamerismmetamerism /me |�t�mərz(ə)m/ nouna phenomenon whereby some colourschange their hue in different lightingconditionsmeteragemeterage /�mi�tərd�/ noun the lengthof a reel of paper in metres � All reels mustbe of standard meterage.metremetre /�mi�tə/ noun a measure of lengthequalling 3.4 feet (NOTE: Usually written m


metric 170

after figures: The case is 2m wide by 3mlong. The US spelling is meter.)metricmetric /�metrk/ adjective 1. using themetre as a basic measurement 2. relating toa system of book and paper measurement,calculated in millimetres

COMMENT: The main metric stock papersizes used in the UK are: metric quad crown(768 x 1008 mm), metric large crown (816 x1056 mm), metric quad demy (888 x1128mm) and metric quad royal (960 x1272mm).

metric crown octavometric crown octavo /�metrk kraυnɒk|�tɑ�vəυ/ noun a book format (186 x123mm)metric systemmetric system /�metrk �sstəm/ nouna system of measuring, using metres, litresand gramsmetric tonmetric ton /�metrk �t�n/, metric tonnenoun 1000 kilograms (NOTE: The metrictonne is used in the UK for calculatingpaper requirements.)metropolitan area networkmetropolitan area network/�metrəpɒlt(ə)n �eəriə �netw!�k/ noun anetwork extending over a limited area,normally a city. Abbr MAN. CompareWANmezzotintmezzotint /�mtsəυtnt/ noun a printingprocess using an etched copper plateMF paperMF paper /�em �ef �pepə/ abbreviationmachine-finished papermgmg abbreviation milligramMG cylinderMG cylinder /�em �d�i� �slndə/ noun adevice attached to a papermaking machineto give a glaze to paperMG machineMG machine /�em �d�i� mə|�ʃi�n/ noun apapermaking machine which has an MGcylinderMG paperMG paper /�em �d�i� �pepə/ abbrevia-tion machine-glazed paperMICRMICR abbreviation magnetic ink characterrecognitionmicro-micro- /makrəυ/ prefix used to indicate avery small version of anythingmicrocontentmicrocontent /�makrəυ|�kɒntent/noun a single piece of data on the Internetwhich has its own URL or link and can beaccessed by a hand-held device if needed,e.g. a weblog posting or a weather forecastmicroencapsulationmicroencapsulation /�makrəυn|

�k�psjυ|[[ɑ-ɔʃ]leʃ(ə)n/ noun the use oftiny amounts of a substance surrounded bygelatine or plastic, e.g. to hold perfume inparticular novelty inksmicrofichemicrofiche /�makrəυ|�fi�ʃ/ noun a smallsheet of photographic film on which infor-mation is stored in very small print

microfiche readermicrofiche reader /�makrəυfi�ʃ�ri�də/ noun a machine that magnifies thewriting on microfiche film and displays itin readable form on a monitormicrofilmmicrofilm /�makrəυflm/ noun materialfor making microfiches � verb to makemicrofichesmicrographicsmicrographics /�makrəυ|�"r�fks/plural noun images and graphics stored asmicro imagesmicro imagemicro image /�makrəυ �md�/ noun astored graphical image which is too smallto be seen with the naked eyemicrometermicrometer /ma|�krɒmtə/ noun adevice for measuring the thickness ofmaterials such as papermicronmicron /�makrɒn/ noun a metric meas-urement of the thickness of paper, onemillionth of a metre. Compare milmicropaymentmicropayment /�makrəυpemənt/noun a small charge made to users in returnfor Internet content, usually per pagedownloaded, on pages which are not spon-sored by advertisersmicrophotographmicrophotograph /�makrəυ |

�fəυtə"rɑ�f/ noun a very small-scalephotographmicropublishingmicropublishing /�makrəυp�blʃŋ/noun the publishing of microfilmsMicrosoft NetworkMicrosoft Network /�makrəsɒft�netw!�k/ noun a vast online service toprovide information, database links to theInternet and electronic mail especially forWindows users. Abbr MSNmid-mid- /md/ prefix middlemiddle managementmiddle management /�md(ə)l�m�nd�mənt/ noun a level of manage-ment which has responsibility for a partwithin the structure of a whole organisa-tionmid-spacemid-space /�md spes/, middle spacenoun a space which is one quarter the sizeof an em spacemigratemigrate /ma |�"ret/ verb to transfer a filefrom one computer system or database toanothermigrationmigration /ma |�"reʃ(ə)n/ noun atransfer of computer data, programs orhardware from one system to anothermilmil /ml/ noun a measurement of the thick-ness of paper mainly used in the USA (onethousand mils equal one inch). Comparemicronmilking machinemilking machine /�mlkŋ mə |�ʃi�n/noun a portable machine which can accept


171 mm

data from other machines and then transferit to a large computermillmill /ml/ noun a building where a partic-ular type of material is processed or mademillboardmillboard /�mlbɔ�d/ noun thick paper-board used in binding booksmill conditioned papermill conditioned paper /�ml kən|

�dʃ(ə)nd �pepə/ noun paper which hasbeen prepared in the mill for normalhumidity levelsmill edgemill edge /�ml ed�/ noun the rough edgeof paper as supplied from the millmill finishingmill finishing /�ml �fnʃŋ/ noun theact of passing paper through calenders atthe end of the papermaking processmill glazingmill glazing /�ml �"lezŋ/ noun theprocess of drying paper on a heatedcylinder which gives a glossy surface toone sidemilligrammilligram /�ml"r�m/ noun one thou-sandth of a gram (NOTE: Usually written mgafter figures.)millimetremillimetre /�mlmi�tə/ noun one thou-sandth of a metre (NOTE: Usually writtenmm after figures.)mill joinmill join /�ml d�ɔn/ noun the joining oftwo webs done at the paper millMills and BoonMills and Boon /�mlz ən �bu�n/ noun aromantic novel published by, or of the kindtypically published by, the firm of Millsand Boon, publishers of popular romanticfictionmind body and spiritmind body and spirit /�mand �bɒdiən � sprt/ noun a category of booksdealing with alternative topics such asnatural medicine, new faiths and orientalmysticism. Abbr MBSminemine /man/ noun a rich source of some-thing, especially information

‘In addition, once the business processeshave been optimised/re-engineered, theinformation technology function shouldprovide tools to empower staff to searchfor and mine the data stores around theorganisation.’ [Financial Times]

mini-mini- /mni/ prefix combining with nounsto indicate a smaller version of something� mini-computerminiatureminiature /�mntʃə/ noun 1. a colouredpicture in an illuminated manuscript 2. amuch reduced copy of a document 3. asmall, very detailed drawing or paintingespecially on ivory or vellumminimumminimum /�mnməm/ noun the smallestamount possible

miniwebminiweb /�mniweb/ noun a web offsetprinting machine, using a narrow web ofpaper, typically printing 32 or 64 pages inblack or eight A4 pages in colourmintmint /mnt/ noun new, or like new � Thebooks are in mint condition.mint stockmint stock /�mnt stɒk/ noun a stock,e.g. of books, which is in perfect conditionminusminus /�manəs san/, minus sign nouna printed or written sign (-) to indicatesubtraction or to show a negative valueminus colourminus colour /�manəs �k�lə/ noun thecolour which results if a colour is removedfrom white lightminusculeminuscule /�mnskju�l/ noun a lowercase letter (NOTE: The opposite is majus-cule or upper case letter.)minus settingminus setting /�manəs �setŋ/ nounthe act of reducing the spaces betweenletters, either to save space or to avoidawkward letter combinations like L and Twhich can leave gaps if spaced normallyMIPSMIPS /mps/ noun a measure of processorspeed. Full form million instructions persecondmiscellaneousmiscellaneous /�msə |�leniəs/ adjec-tive relating to a collection of items that areall very different from each othermiscellanymiscellany /m |�seləni/ noun a collec-tion of written texts on a variety of subjectsin one bookmisfilemisfile /ms|�fal/ verb to file somethingsuch as a document in the wrong placemisinformmisinform /�msn |�fɔ�m/ verb to giveincorrect information to somebodymisprintmisprint /�msprnt/ noun a mistake inprintingmisregistermisregister /�msred�stə/ noun aprinting fault when the colour plates areout of registermission statementmission statement /�mʃ(ə)n�stetmənt/ noun a statement of the aimsand objectives of an organisationmitremitre /�matə/ verb to cut metal rules atthe corners when making up a page ofmetal typemixermixer /�mksə/ noun a vat containingstrained pulp into which china clay or resinare added before the pulp passes throughinto the papermaking machinemixingmixing /�mksŋ/ noun the use ofdifferent fonts and typefaces on the samelinemmmm abbreviation millimetre


mock-up 172mock-upmock-up /�mɒk �p/ noun a model of anew product or building which can be usedto show to potential customersmodelling tintmodelling tint /�mɒd(ə)lŋ tnt/ noun atint, usually blue or red, added to purewhite to make it brightermodemmodem /�məυdem/ noun an electronicdevice which converts binary to analoguesignals so that data can be transmitted overthe telephone networkmodernmodern /�mɒd(ə)n/ adjective relating tothe recent past or the present timemodern facemodern face /�mɒd(ə)n fes/ noun atypeface with thin straight serifs, andwhere there is a marked differencebetween thick and thin strokesmodern figuresmodern figures /�mɒd(ə)n �f"əz/,modern numerals plural noun same aslining figuresmoirémoiré /�mwɑ�re/, moire noun 1. apicture distortion which is caused by inter-ference beats of similar frequencies 2. anunwanted watery effect which is created bya set of closely spaced lines that are placedover another set, seen in film or printsmoiré effectmoiré effect /�mwɑ�re |�fekt/ noun aninterference pattern like watered silk,which occurs in colour printing whenscreens are set at wrong anglesmoisturemoisture /�mɔstʃə/ noun dampness oran amount of water in the atmosphere or amaterialmoisture content of papermoisture content of paper /�mɔstʃə�kɒntent əv �pepə/ noun the amount ofmoisture in paper, shown as a percentageof the paper weightmoisture-set inkmoisture-set ink /�mɔstʃə set �ŋk/noun ink which dries after the pigment andresin have been transferred to the paper andare separated from the vehicle by sprayingwith a fine moisture mistmoney ordermoney order /�m�ni �ɔ�də/ noun adocument which can be bought by sendingmoney through the postmonitormonitor /�mɒntə/ noun a visual displayunit used to show the text and graphicsgenerated by a computer � verb to makeregular checks to see how something orsomebody is workingmonitored hyphenationmonitored hyphenation /�mɒntəd�hafə|�neʃ(ə)n/ noun hyphenation doneby the keyboard operatormonkmonk /m�ŋk/ noun a printed area whichhas received too much ink and is very dark(NOTE: The opposite is friar.)monomono /�mɒnəυ/ adjective black and white

monochromemonochrome /�mɒnəkrəυm/ noun 1.an image in one colour, usually shades ofgrey and black and white 2. a black andwhite photographmonogrammonogram /�mɒnə"r�m/ noun a devicemade of several initials linked togethermonographmonograph /�mɒnə"rɑ�f/ noun a bookon one specific subjectmonolinemonoline /�mɒnəυlan/ noun a typefacesuch as Futura where all the lines are thesame thicknessmonolingualmonolingual /�mɒnəυ |�lŋ"wəl/ adjec-tive using only one language � a monolin-gual dictionaryMonophotoMonophoto /�mɒnəυfəυtəυ/ a tradename for a computerised phototypesettingsystemmonospacingmonospacing /�mɒnəυspesŋ/ noun asystem of typesetting where each characteroccupies the same amount of space, asopposed to proportional spacingMonotypeMonotype /�mɒnəυtap/ a trade namefor a composing machine, invented byLanston in 1894, which casts separatepieces of type from hot metal using aspecial design of typefaces

COMMENT: In a Monotype machine, thecompositor keyboards the text ontoperforated paper tape, which is then passedthrough the casting machine, eachcharacter being cast separately, the metaltype being arranged in order automaticallywith spacing to make up the justified lines.The Monotype system needs twoprocesses (keyboarding and casting) whichmakes it slower than Linotype. However,because each character is separate,corrections are much easier and less costlyon the Monotype system.

Monotype set systemMonotype set system /�mɒnəυtapset �sstəm/ noun a system where thebasic em quad is a set sizeMonotype unit systemMonotype unit system /�mɒnəυtap�ju�nt �sstəm/ noun a system of compu-terising typesetting, where each characteris given a number of unitsmontagemontage /�mɒntɑ��/ noun a combina-tion of photographs, drawings or parts ofpictures used for display or advertisingmonthlymonthly /�m�nθli/ noun a magazinepublished once a monthmoral rightmoral right /�mɒrəl �rat/ noun the rightof people such as editors or illustrators tohave some say in the publication of a workto which they have contributed, even ifthey do not own the copyrightmordantmordant /�mɔ�dənt/ noun fluid foretching a printing plate


173 multicolumn layoutmorguemorgue /mɔ�"/ noun in journalism, acollection of miscellaneous referencematerialmoroccomorocco /mə|�rɒkəυ/ noun a soft leathermade from goatskin, or a leather made inimitation of it from sheepskin or calfskin,used for covering booksMorseMorse /mɔ�s/, Morse code /�mɔ�s�kəυd/ noun a system for representingletters and numbers by signs consisting ofone or more short or long signals of soundor light which are printed out as dots anddashesmother setmother set /�m�ðə set/ noun a set ofprinting plates or of type, which is usedonly to make stereos and not for printing(NOTE: Used particularly for referencebooks which reprint many times and wherethe stereos get worn out frequently.)motion picturemotion picture /�məυʃ(ə)n �pktʃə/noun a film made to be shown in thecinemamotion picture rightsmotion picture rights /�məυʃ(ə)n�pktʃə �rats/ plural noun same as filmrightsmottlemottle /�mɒt(ə)l/ noun a printing faultcaused by the uneven absorption of inkmottledmottled /�mɒt(ə)ld/ adjective 1. relatingto an area of solid colour which has a lightand dark pattern, due to a defect in printing2. relating to a page which has both glossyand matte areasmouldmould /məυld/ noun 1. a plastic formetaken from metal setting, used to make astereo 2. a tray with a wire mesh bottom inwhich handmade paper is mademould-made papermould-made paper /�məυld med�pepə/ noun handmade papermountmount /maυnt/ verb 1. to organise anevent and ensure that it happens 2. to fixsomething in a particular place, especiallya piece of artwork or film on a card backingor in a frame � noun 1. a base in a forme onwhich a plate is placed to make it the sameheight as the standing type 2. a backing orsupport to which something is fixed, e.g. asheet of cardboard used as a backing for aphotographmounted blockmounted block /�maυntd blɒk/ nouna letterpress block fixed on a mount to raiseit to type heightmounting boardmounting board /�maυntŋ bɔ�d/ nounthe base on which printing plates are fixedmousemouse /maυs/ noun a small hand deviceused to control the cursor on a computerscreen (NOTE: The plural is mice.)

mouse-drivenmouse-driven /�maυs �drv(ə)n/ adjec-tive referring to a computer program whichuses a mouse rather than a keyboard forinput.mov.mov suffix a file extension for a film file.Full form moviemovable typemovable type /�mu�v(ə)bəl tap/ nountype cast as individual metal units, asopposed to slugs which are type cast as awhole lineMoving Picture Experts GroupMoving Picture Experts Group/�mu�vŋ �pktʃə �eksp!�ts �"ru�p/ nounfull form of MPEGMP3MP3 /�em pi� �θri�/ noun a computer filestandard for downloading compressedmusic from the Internet, playable on amultimedia computer with appropriatesoftware. Full form Moving PictureExperts Group, Audio Layer 3.mp3.mp3 suffix a file extension for an MP3file. Full form Moving Picture ExpertsGroup, Audio Layer 3MPEGMPEG /�empe"/ noun a data file formoving pictures on the Internet. Full formMoving Picture Experts Group.mpeg.mpeg /�empe"/, .mpg suffix a file exten-sion for an MPEG file. Full form MovingPicture Experts GroupMSMS abbreviation manuscript (NOTE: Theplural is MSS.)MSNMSN abbreviation Microsoft Networkmullmull /m�l/ noun cloth glued to the back ofa book block before the cased binding isattached (NOTE: Mull is thin cotton gauzewhich has been stiffened by being dippedin size.)mullenmullen /�m�lən/ noun the burstingstrength of papermullen burst testermullen burst tester /�m�lən b!�st�testə/ noun an instrument for testing theburst strength of paper, in which a sampleof paper is placed over a diaphragm whichis inflated until the paper burstsmulti-multi- /m�lti/ prefix used to form adjec-tives describing things which have manypartsmulticastingmulticasting /�m�ltikɑ�stŋ/ noun theprocess of sending data across a network toseveral recipients simultaneouslymulticolourmulticolour /�m�lti|�k�lə/ adjective withseveral coloursmulticolumn layoutmulticolumn layout /�m�ltikɒləm�leaυt/ noun a page layout with severalcolumns, used especially in newspapersand magazines


multi-disk reader 174multi-disk readermulti-disk reader /�m�lt dsk �ri�də/noun a device that can take in data fromdifferent sizes and formats of diskmultilingualmultilingual /�m�lti |�lŋ"wəl/ adjectiveusing several languages � a multilingualdictionary of technical termsMultilithMultilith /�m�ltilθ/ a trade name for asmall offset printing pressmultimediamultimedia /�m�lti |�mi�diə/ nounprograms, software and hardware capableof using a wide variety of media such asfilm, video and music as well as text andnumbersmultinationalmultinational /�m�lti |�n�ʃ(ə)nəl/ nouna company that has branches or subsidiarycompanies in several countries � Thecompany has been bought by one of the bigmultinationals.multi-part stationerymulti-part stationery /�m�lt pɑ�t�steʃ(ə)nəri/ noun continuous stationerywith two or more sheets togethermultiplexmultiplex /�m�ltpleks/ verb to combineseveral messages in the same transmissionmediummultiplexingmultiplexing /�m�ltpleksŋ/ noun thecombining of several messages in the sametransmission mediummultiplexormultiplexor /�m�ltpleksə/ noun adevice that combines a particular numberof inputs into a smaller number of outputs

multiplication

multiplication /�m�ltpl|�keʃ(ə)n/noun a mathematical operation that addsone number to itself a number of timesmultiplication sign

multiplication sign /�m�ltpl |

�keʃ(ə)n san/ noun a printed or writtensign (x) used to show that numbers aremultipliedmulti-ring binder

multi-ring binder /�m�lti rŋ �bandə/noun a type of loose-leaf binding whichuses a series of metal ringsmulti-strike printer ribbon

multi-strike printer ribbon /�m�ltistrak �prntə �kɒləm/ noun an inkedribbon in a printer that can be used morethan oncemultiversity

multiversity /�m�lti |�v!�sti/ noun auniversity that has many affiliated or asso-ciated institutions such as research centresand collegesmultivolume

multivolume /�m�lti |�vɒlju�m/ adjec-tive published in several volumesmutton

mutton /�m�t(ə)n/ noun an em or widthof type equivalent to 12 points, taken as thewidth of a capital Mmutton rule

mutton rule /�m�t(ə)n ru�l/ noun an emruleM weight

M weight /�em wet/ noun US the weightof one thousand sheets of paper


Nnapnap /n�p/ noun the surface of paper,usually referring to a rough surfacenap rollernap roller /�n�p �rəυlə/ noun an inkroller used in lithographynarrowbandnarrowband /�n�rəυb�nd/ noun acommunication method that uses a band-width less than that of a voice channelnarrow measurenarrow measure /�n�rəυ �me�ə/ nounan act of setting an indented linenational advertisingnational advertising /�n�ʃ(ə)nəl��dvətazŋ/ noun advertising that coversa whole countryNational Library of AustraliaNational Library of Australia/�n�ʃ(ə)nəl �labrəri əv ɒs|�treliə/ nounthe national library of Australia, inCanberra, established as an independentinstitution by an Act of Parliament in 1960.It was founded in 1901 as part of theCommonwealth Parliamentary Library.National Library of CanadaNational Library of Canada/�n�ʃ(ə)nəl �labrəri əv �k�nədə/ nounthe national library of Canada, founded inOttawa in 1953National Library of New ZealandNational Library of New Zealand/�n�ʃ(ə)nəl �labrəri əv nju� �zi�lənd/noun the national library of New Zealand,in Wellington, created in 1966 bycombining the collections of the GeneralAssembly Library, the Alexander TurnbullLibrary and the National Library ServiceNational Library of ScotlandNational Library of Scotland/�n�ʃ(ə)nəl �labrəri əv �skɒtlənd/ nounthe national library of Scotland, situated inEdinburgh and founded in 1925, having asits core the much older Library of theFaculty of Advocates. It is Scotland’s onlycopyright deposit library.National Library of WalesNational Library of Wales/�n�ʃ(ə)nəl �labrəri əv �welz/ noun thenational library of Wales, situated in Aber-ystwyth in Ceredigion and founded byroyal charter in 1907. It is Wales’s onlycopyright deposit library.

national medianational media /�n�ʃ(ə)nəl �mi�diə/noun the nationally distributed or marketedbroadcast and print products of a country,e.g. major newspapers and televisionprogrammingnational pressnational press /�n�ʃ(ə)nəl �pres/ nounnewspapers that cover more general newsand are sold in all parts of the countrynatural language processingnatural language processing/�n�tʃ(ə)rəl �l�ŋ"wd� �prəυsesŋ/ nounthe branch of computational linguisticsconcerned with the use of artificial intelli-gence to process natural languages, as inmachine translation. Abbr NLPnavigablenavigable /�n�v"əb(ə)l/ adjectiverelating to a website that is designed toenable the user to move between orthrough sections by clicking on usuallyhighlighted computer linksnavigatenavigate /�n�v"et/ verb to movebetween the different areas of a website byusing the links provided in itNBANBA abbreviation Net Book AgreementNCNC noun a UK qualification in a voca-tional subject that is roughly equivalent toa GCSE. Full form National CertificateNDND noun 1. used in publishers’ reports toindicate that it is not known when a bookwill be in stock. Full form no date 2. a UKvocational qualification that is roughlyequivalent to two A levels. Full formNational DiplomaNENE abbreviation new editionnecklineneckline /�nek |�lan/ noun a white lineunder a headingnegativenegative /�ne"ətv/ noun a developedfilm in which the colour tones are reversedand used to produce a positive printnegative assemblynegative assembly /�ne"ətv ə |

�sembli/ noun the process of assemblingnegatives ready to make a plate


negative film 176negative filmnegative film /�ne"ətv flm/ nounphotographed film where the colours arereversed, from which normal prints can bemadenegative reading filmnegative reading film /�ne"ətv�ri�dŋ �flm/ noun film where the coloursare reversednegotiationnegotiation /n |�"əυʃi|�eʃ(ə)n/ noundiscussions between people who havedifferent viewpoints in which they try toreach an agreementnetnet /net/ adjective relating to a finalamount when everything has beendeducted � a net profit � terms strictly netpayment has to be the full price, with nodiscount allowednet assetsnet assets /�net ��sets/ plural noun thevalue of all the property of a company aftertaking away what the company owesnet booknet book /�net bυk/ noun a book that issold at a net price, which cannot bediscountedNet Book AgreementNet Book Agreement /�net �bυk ə|

�"ri�mənt/ noun formerly, the agreementbetween publishers and booksellers thatbooks would be sold at an agreed pricewith no discounting allowed – abandonedin 1995/6. Abbr NBAnet cash flownet cash flow /�net �k�ʃ �fləυ/ noun thedifference between money coming in andmoney going out of a firmnet incomenet income /net �nk�m/ noun the partof a person’s income which is left aftertaking away tax and other deductions. Alsocalled net salarynetlagnetlag /�netl�"/ noun a temporary loss ofcontact between an Internet user and aserver, usually caused by network delaysnet marginnet margin /�net �mɑ�d�n/ noun apercentage difference between receivedprice and all costs, including overheadsnet pricenet price /�net �pras/ noun a pricewhich cannot be reduced by a discountwhen sold retailnet profitnet profit /�net �prɒft/ noun a resultwhere income from sales is more than allexpenditure plus overheadsnet receiptsnet receipts /�net r|�si�ts/ plural nounreceipts after deducting things such ascommission, tax or discountsnet salarynet salary /�net �s�ləri/ noun same asnet incomenet salesnet sales /�net �selz/ plural noun salesless damaged or returned itemsnet termsnet terms /�net �t!�mz/ plural nounterms offered by a publisher to an agent or

bookseller on the basis of an agreed netpricenet weightnet weight /�net �wet/ noun the weightof something after the packaging has beendeductednetworknetwork /�netw!�k/ noun a large numberof people, organisations or machines thatwork together as a system � verb to joincomputers together so that they work as asystemnetwork architecturenetwork architecture /�netw!�k�ɑ�ktektʃə/ noun the method in which anetwork is constructed, e.g. the layers in anOSI systemnetworked systemnetworked system /�netw!�kt�sstəm/ noun a system in which severalcomputers are linked together so that theyall draw on the same databasenetworkingnetworking /�netw!�kŋ/ noun the actof linking computers so that users canexchange information or share access to acentral store of informationnetwork of distributorsnetwork of distributors /�netw!�k əvds |�trbjυtəz/ noun same as distributionnetworknet worthnet worth /�net �w!�θ/ noun same as netassetsnet yieldnet yield /�net �ji�ld/ noun profit frominvestments after deduction of taxnew editionnew edition /�nju� |�dʃ(ə)n/ noun abook that has recently been reprinted withsome updating and changesnew paragraphnew paragraph /�nju� �p�rə"rɑ�f/noun an editing mark to show the type-setter that the text should start a new para-graphnew releasenew release /�nju� r|�li�s/ noun a newbook or record put on the marketnewsnews /nju�z/ noun information aboutthings that have happened � The businessnews is in the central pages of the paper. �Financial markets were shocked by thenews of the devaluation.news agencynews agency /�nju�z �ed�ənsi/ nounan office that has reporters who write newsreports which are then distributed to news-papers and television companiesnewsagentnewsagent /�nju�zed�ənt/, newsdealer noun a person who runs a shopselling newspapers and magazines. � CTNnewsboardnewsboard /�nju�zbɔ�d/ noun greycardboard made from waste newspapersnews bulletinnews bulletin /�nju�z �bυltn/ noun areport on TV or radio of the latest news


177 nonconsumable textbooknewsgroupnewsgroup /�nju�z |�"ru�p/ noun afeature of the Internet that provides free-for-all discussion forumsnewsletternewsletter /�nju�zletə/ noun a briefpublication issued by an organisation to itsmembers with internal news and informa-tionnewspapernewspaper /�nju�zpepə/ noun a dailyor weekly publication consisting of anumber of large sheets of folded cheappaper containing printed news articles andpicturesnewspaper publisher

newspaper publisher /�nju�zpepə�p�blʃə/ noun the owner of a newspapernewsprintnewsprint /�nju�zprnt/ noun cheappaper on which newspapers and magazinesare printednewsreadernewsreader /�nju�zri�də/ noun acomputer program that allows somebodyto read and post messages to Internet news-groupsnews release

news release /�nju�z r|�li�s/ noun asheet giving information about an eventwhich is sent to newspapers and TV andradio stations so that they can use it � ThePR department is preparing a news releaseon our merger plans. Also called pressreleasenewsstallnewsstall /�nju�zstɔ�l/ noun a smalloutdoor shop or kiosk selling newspapersand magazinesnews standnews stand /�nju�z st�nd/ noun asmall wooden shop on a pavement, forselling newspapersnew technologynew technology /�nju� tek|�nɒləd�i/noun electronic communication machinesthat have been recently inventednext to editorialnext to editorial /�nekst tυ �ed|

�tɔ�riəl/, next text noun instructions froman advertiser to a magazine to place anadvertisement next to editorial matternicheniche /ni�ʃ/ noun an area in businesswhich exactly fits the needs of a special-ised group � They found a niche in themarket for their product so it sold well.nicknick /nk/ noun a groove across the frontof the stem of a piece of type, so that thecompositor can easily tell which is thefront of the piecenickelnickel /�nk(ə)l/ noun metal used in elec-troplatingnickel electro

nickel electro /�nk(ə)l |�lektrəυ/ nounan electro made of lead and a coating ofnickel and copper, used for long print runs

niger morocconiger morocco /�nad�ə mə|�rɒkəυ/noun good-quality African leather, usedfor bindingsnight shiftnight shift /�nat ʃft/ noun a shiftworked during the nightnil returnnil return /�nl r|�t!�n/ noun a reportshowing no sales, income or taxnipnip /np/ noun the area where two rolls ofpaper are in contact � verb to hold a booktightly when binding, so as to press out anyair from between the pagesnip and tuck foldernip and tuck folder /�np ən �t�k�fəυldə/ noun a folding machine in whichthe sheet is pushed between grippingsurfaces by a bladenippingnipping /�npŋ/ noun the act of pressinga sewn book so as to remove air frombetween the pages, before or after binding(NOTE: The US term is smashing.)nip rollsnip rolls /�np rəυlz/ plural noun twoparallel rolls which take the paper and feedit into a folding machineNKNK noun a report from a publisher,showing that a book which has beenordered was not published by them. Fullform not knownnodenode /nəυd/ noun a piece of data in adatabase which has more than one linkfrom it to other pieces of datanoisenoise /nɔz/ noun 1. electronic interfer-ence in an online search resulting inresponses that are not useful 2. an elec-tronic signal present in addition to thewanted signal, resulting in noisy interfer-encenominal ledgernominal ledger /�nɒmn(ə)l �led�ə/noun a book that records a company’sincome and expenditure in generalnon-non- /nɒn/ prefix notnonbooknonbook /nɒn |�bυk/ adjective not in theform of a book, or consisting of thingsother than books, e.g. as video tapes � non-book medianonbook materialsnonbook materials /nɒn|�bυk mə|

�təriəlz/ plural noun publications such asvideos, maps or cassettes, which are notbooksnonbookshop outletsnonbookshop outlets /nɒn|�bυkʃɒp�aυtləts/ plural noun places which are notbookshops but which sell books, such assupermarketsnonconsumable textbooknonconsumable textbook /�nɒnkən |

�sju�məb(ə)l �tekstsbυk/ noun a textbookwhich students should keep clean, withoutwriting anything in it, so that it can bepassed on to other students


noncounting keyboard 178noncounting keyboardnoncounting keyboard /nɒn|

�kaυntŋ �ki�bɔ�d/ noun an entrykeyboard on a phototypesetter thatproduces a continuous output of characterson tape without hyphenation or justifica-tion instructionsnondeliverynondelivery /�nɒnd |�lv(ə)ri/ noun asituation where something is not deliverednondigitalnondigital /nɒn|�dd�t(ə)l/ adjectivenot processing, operating on, storing,transmitting, representing or displayingdata in the form of numerical digits, as adigital computer doesnondurablesnondurables /nɒn|�djυərəb(ə)lz/ pluralnoun goods which are used up soon afterthey have been bought, such as food ornewspapersnon-exclusive copyrightnonexclusive copyright /nɒnk|

�sklu�sv �kɒpirat/ noun a right to use acopyrighted resource which can beextended to other peoplenonfading materialnonfading material /nɒn |�fedŋ mə|

�təriəl/ noun material which will not loseits colournonfictionnonfiction /nɒn|�fkʃ(ə)n/ noun writingsthat convey factual information rather thanan imaginary storynonimage areanonimage area /nɒn |�md� �eəriə/noun the area on a lithographic plate whichis not to be printed, and which does nottake inknonlining figuresnonlining figures /nɒn |�lanŋ �f"əz/plural noun Arabic numerals withascenders and descenders, as opposed tolining figures. Also called nonrangingfiguresnon-netnon-net /nɒn �net/ adjective not sold at anet price

COMMENT: Formerly used to refer toeducational books, with low discounts,which amounted to a handling charge onorders from schools. If the booksellerswished to place educational books on theirshelves to sell to the general public, theycould mark up the price to give themselvesa higher margin.

nonpareilnonpareil /�nɒnpə |�re(ə)l/ noun an oldtype size, equivalent to the modern 6 pointnonprinting codesnonprinting codes /nɒn|�prntŋkəυdz/ plural noun codes that represent anaction of the printer rather than a printedcharacternonprofit-making organisationnonprofit-making organisation/nɒn |�prɒft �mekŋ �ɔ�"əna |�zeʃ(ə)n/noun an organisation such as a charity, orsome university presses, which is notallowed by law to make a profit � Non-profit-making organisations are exempted

from tax. (NOTE: The US term is nonprofitcorporation.)nonranging figuresnonranging figures /nɒn|�rend�ŋ�f"əz/ plural noun same as nonliningfiguresnonreadernonreader /nɒn|�ri�də/ noun somebodywho does not or cannot read, especially achild who has difficulty in learning to readnonreflective inknonreflective ink /�nɒnr |�flektv ŋk/noun ink used to print machine-readablecodes and characters, such as on chequesnonreturnable packingnonreturnable packing /nɒn r|

�t!�nəb(ə)l �p�kŋ/ noun packing whichis to be thrown away when it has been usedand not returned to the sendernonspecialistnonspecialist /nɒn|�speʃ(ə)lst/ noun aperson who is not qualified or expert in aspecific occupation or field of study,though perhaps having a wide range ofknowledgenonstocknonstock /nɒn|�stɒk/ adjective 1. notheld in stock � Non-stock items have to beordered specially and may take some timeto reach the shop. 2. not normal � The bookis an odd format, and we had to use a non-stock size of paper.nonwovennonwoven /nɒn|�wəυvən/ adjectiveimitation cloth made from paper pulp,treated chemically to give it strength andembossed to imitate the woven surface ofclothNordsen glueingNordsen glueing /�nɔ�dsən �"lu�ŋ/noun a method of adding a strip of glue atthe joints of a heavy book when casing in,to give more strengthnotnot /nɒt/ noun handmade paper pressedwithout metal plates, giving a very roughfinish. Compare hot-pressed papernotched bindingnotched binding /�nɒtʃt �bandŋ/,notch binding noun a perfect bindingprocess, where notches are cut into thespine of the folded untrimmed pages,helping the glue to penetrate and hold thesections together when the cover is gluedin place. Also called slotted bindingnotenote /nəυt/ noun a piece of additionalinformation in a catalogue or bibliography� verb to write down details of somethingand remember them � We note that thegoods were delivered in bad condition. �Your order has been noted and will bedispatched as soon as we have stock. �Your complaint has been noted.notebooknotebook /�nəυtbυk/ noun a book forwriting notes in


179 NYPnotepapernotepaper /�nəυtpepə/ noun good-quality paper for lettersnoticenotice /�nəυts/ noun a writtenannouncement displayed so that everyonecan read itnoticeboardnoticeboard /�nəυtsbɔ�d/ noun aboard fixed to a wall so that informationcan be displayed for people to readnovelnovel /�nɒv(ə)l/ noun a long fiction narra-tive storynovelistnovelist /�nɒv(ə)lst/ noun a writer ofnovelsnovellanovella /nə|�velə/, novelette /�nɒvə|�let/noun a short noveln.p.n.p. abbreviation 1. new paragraph 2. noplace of publication 3. no price 4. noprinter’s nameNUJNUJ noun a British trade union withmembers working in newspaper and bookpublishing; also in radio and TV. Full formNational Union of Journalistsnumbernumber /�n�mbə/ verb to place the callnumber or the charging symbol on or in abook � noun a symbol representing quan-tity, e.g. 1, 20, 64, 103 (NOTE: It is also

written no.: no. 15. The plural is nos.: nos.2–20.)numbered editionnumbered edition /�n�mbəd |

�dʃ(ə)n/ noun a limited edition whereeach copy has a number written in itnumeracynumeracy /�nju�m(ə)rəsi/ noun compe-tence in the mathematical skills needed tocope with everyday life and an under-standing of information presented mathe-matically, e.g. in graphs or tablesnumeralnumeral /�nju�m(ə)rəl/ noun a numberin typesetting or writingnumerical ordernumerical order /nju� |�merk(ə)l�ɔ�də/ noun arrangement by numbersnumeric datanumeric data /nju� |�merk �detə/ noundata in the form of figuresnumeric keypadnumeric keypad /nju� |�merk �ki�p�d/noun part of a computer keyboard which isa programmable set of numbered keysNYONYO abbreviation not yet outNYPNYP noun a publisher’s report to a book-seller who has tried to order a book that hasnot been published. Full form not yetpublished


Oobeliskobelisk /�ɒbəlsk/ noun a printing sign(†) used after the name of a person to showthat he or she has died, and also used as areference markobelusobelus /�ɒbələs/ noun a printed mark (†)used in modern editions of ancient manu-scripts to indicate that the passage markedis thought not to be genuineobitobit /�əυbt/, obituary /ə|�btʃuəri/ nounan article in a newspaper about the life andwork of a person who has recently diedobliqueoblique /ə |�bli�k/ adjective 1. indirect anddifficult to understand 2. sloping at anangle to the rightoblique romanoblique roman /ə|�bli�k �rəυmən/ nounroman characters which slant to the rightand look like italicoblique shadingoblique shading /ə |�bli�k �ʃedŋ/ nounshading of the thick curved lines in old-face type, where the shading runs round thetop and bottom of curved letters, asopposed to the vertical shading used inmodern facesoblique strokeoblique stroke /ə |�bli�k strəυk/ noun aline sloping to the right (/)obliterateobliterate /ə|�bltəret/ verb to erase orcover a piece of printingobsceneobscene /əb|�si�n/ adjective shocking oroffensive, usually because of pictures orreferences to naked people, sexual acts orbodily functionsobscene publicationobscene publication /əb|�si�n �p�bl|

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun a book, film or any publi-cation which offends against an acceptedstandard of decencyobscenityobscenity /əb|�senti/ noun 1. the fact ofbeing obscene 2. something which isobscene, e.g. a swear wordobscenity lawsobscenity laws /əb |�senti lɔ�z/ pluralnoun laws which define what constitutesobscenity and set out penalties forproducing obscene material

occasional publicationoccasional publication /ə |

�ke�(ə)n(ə)l �p�bl |�keʃ(ə)n/ noun adocument that does not appear on a regularbasisOCROCR abbreviation 1. optical characterreader 2. optical character recognitionOCR fontOCR font /�əυ si� �ɑ� fɒnt/ noun a char-acter design that can be easily read usingan optical character reader

COMMENT: There are two OCR fonts incommon use: OCR-A, which is easy forscanners to read, and OCR-B, which iseasier for people to read than the OCR-Afont. OCR techniques are extremely usefulin computerising data which has beentypeset but not computerised, allowing forexample an old specialised dictionary to beconverted to computer tape, or allowingdirect input of typewritten pages from anauthor: they are read by a computer and aretypeset without rekeying.

octavooctavo /ɒk|�tɑ�vəυ/ noun a page madewhen a sheet of paper is folded three times,giving a 16-page section. Also calledeightvo. Abbr 8vooctodecimooctodecimo /�ɒktəυ|�desməυ/ noun abook size of about 10 x 16 cm/4 x 4 ¼ in,or a book of this size. Abbr 18mooddmentoddment /�ɒdmənt/ noun a section ofpages shorter than the normal signaturewhich has to be printed separately to makeup the full extent of a book, because thebook does not make an even workingodd numberodd number /�ɒd �n�mbə/ noun anumber which cannot be divided by two togive a whole number � 5 and 7 are oddnumbers.odd pagesodd pages /�ɒd �ped�z/ plural nounpages with odd numbersodd sortsodd sorts /�ɒd sɔ�ts/ plural noun specialcharacters which are not normallyrequired, such as mathematical symbols orforeign accentsodour-free inkodour-free ink /�əυdə fri� �ŋk/ nounink used to print on food packaging, which


181 Old English

has no smell and which cannot harm thecontents of the packageOEMOEM abbreviation original equipmentmanufactureroff-centreoff-centre /ɒf �sentə/ adjective not in thecentre of a page or line � The map isslightly off-centre.offcutoffcut /�ɒfk�t/ noun a piece of scrappaper left over when a sheet is trimmed tosizeofferoffer /�ɒfə/ noun 1. a statement that youare willing to pay a certain amount ofmoney to buy something � His agent isconsidering two offers from publishers. 2. astatement that you are willing to sell some-thing � verb to say that you are willing topay a particular amount of money forsomething � The American publisheroffered $50,000 for the paperback rights.offer for saleoffer for sale /�ɒfə fə �sel/ noun a situ-ation where a company advertises itself forsaleOffice of Fair TradingOffice of Fair Trading /�ɒfs əv feə�tredŋ/ noun a government departmentwhich protects consumers against unfair orillegal business. Abbr OFToffice suppliesoffice supplies /�ɒfs sə |�plaz/ pluralnoun goods needed to run an office such aspaper, pens and typewritersofficialeseofficialese /ə |�fʃə|�li�z/ noun unclear,pedantic and verbose language consideredcharacteristic of official documentsofficial publicationofficial publication /ə|�fʃ(ə)l �p�bl |

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun a document produced andpublished by official bodies, often kept bylibraries as reference materialofficial returnofficial return /ə |�fʃ(ə)l r|�t!�n/ nounan official reportoff its feetoff its feet /�ɒf ts �fi�t/ adjective refer-ring to type which is not set straight on thebase lineofflineoffline /ɒf |�lan/ adjective relating to aprocessor, printer or terminal that isdisconnected from the network or centralcomputer, usually temporarily � Beforechanging the paper in the printer, switch itoffline.offline newsreaderoffline newsreader /�ɒflan�nju�zri�də/ noun a piece of software thatallows a user to read newsgroup articleswhen the computer is not connected to theInternetoffline printingoffline printing /�ɒflan �prntŋ/ nouna printout operation that is not supervisedby a computer

offline processingoffline processing /�ɒflan�prəυsesŋ/ noun processing by devicesnot under the control of a central computer(NOTE: The opposite is onlineprocessing.)offprintoffprint /�ɒfprnt/ noun an extra printingof copies of a section of a journal, run onfrom the main printing and sold separately.Also called separateoffsetoffset /ɒf|�set/ verb 1. to print an image byoffset lithography � The image is offsetonto the paper. 2. to reproduce a book in anew edition by photographing a good copyof the previous edition 3. to balance onething against another so that they canceleach other out � to offset losses against tax� Foreign exchange losses more than offsetprofits in the domestic market.offset blanketoffset blanket /�ɒfset �bl�ŋkt/ noun arubber sheet round a cylinder, to which theink is transferred from the printing platebefore being printed onto the paperoffset cartridgeoffset cartridge /�ɒfset �kɑ�trd�/noun paper of inferior quality to ordinarycartridge, made on a twin-wire machineand so smooth on both sides, used in offsetprintingoffset cylinderoffset cylinder /�ɒfset �slndə/ nounsame as blanket cylinderoffset lithographyoffset lithography /�ɒfset l|�θɒ"rəfi/noun a printing process used for printingbooks, where the ink sticks to image areason the plate and is transferred to an offsetcylinder from which it is printed onto thepaperoffset paperoffset paper /�ɒfset �pepə/ nounspecial paper for printing offsetoffset plateoffset plate /�ɒfset plet/ noun a platefrom which offset printing is carried outoffset printingoffset printing /�ɒfset �prntŋ/ noun aprinting method that transfers the inkimage to the paper via a second cylinderoff-the-job trainingoff-the-job training /�ɒf ðə d�ɒb�trenŋ/ noun training given to employeesaway from their place of work, i.e. at acollegeoiled paperoiled paper /�ɔld �pepə/ noun papersoaked in an oil such as linseed oil, usedfor wrappingOKWCOKWC noun an instruction from theeditor to the typesetter to make correctionsas indicated and then the text will be readyfor press. Full form OK with correctionsOld EnglishOld English /�əυld �ŋ"lʃ/ noun a blackletter typeface as used in England


old face 182old faceold face /�əυld fes/ noun one of the firstroman typefaces such as Bembo or Caslon,with oblique shading and which does nothave much difference between fat and thinstrokesold style faceold style face /�əυld stal �fes/ noun atypeface such as Caslon or Baskerville,with distinct serifs, derived from ClassicalRoman lettering

COMMENT: Some old style faces are stillwidely used; Garamond, for example, isused especially for newspaper or magazinework.

old style figuresold style figures /�əυld stal �f"əz/plural noun Arabic figures in some type-faces such as Bembo or Caslon, where the3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 go below the base line andthe 6 and 8 go up to cap heightomissionomission /əυ|�mʃ(ə)n/ noun somethingthat has been omittedomitomit /əυ|�mt/ verb 1. to leave somethingout or not put something in 2. to fail to dosomething � He omitted to order enoughpaper for the required print run.omnibusomnibus /�ɒmnbəs/ noun a collectionof stories or articles by one or more authorsbound into one bookomnibus agreementomnibus agreement /�ɒmnbəs ə |

�"ri�mənt/ noun an agreement that coversmany different itemsomnibus editionomnibus edition /�ɒmnbəs |�dʃ(ə)n/noun an edition of a series of books orshort stories in one volumeOMROMR abbreviation 1. optical mark reader2. optical mark recognitiononcostsoncosts /�ɒnkɒsts/ plural noun amountsspent in producing a product which do notrise with the quantity of the product madeon-demand publishingon-demand publishing /�ɒn d |

�mɑ�nd �p�blʃŋ/ noun a system ofprinting books as the demand arises,usually in very small quantities, asopposed to keeping larger quantities ofbooks in stockone-offone-off /�wɒn �ɒf/ adjective done ormade only once � The new novel is a one-off item on their list.one-shot bindingone-shot binding /�w�n ʃɒt �bandŋ/noun adhesive binding using hot melt glueonly. � two-shot bindingone-shot periodical rightsone-shot periodical rights /�w�nʃɒt �pəri |�ɒdk(ə)l �rats/ plural noun theright to reprint part of a text in a singleedition of a magazine or newspaperone-sidedone-sided /�w�n �sadd/ adjective 1.favouring one side and not the other in a

negotiation � a one-sided agreement 2.printed on one side of a sheet onlyone-sided art paperone-sided art paper /�w�n �sadd�ɑ�t �pep˜ə/ noun paper that is coated onone side only, used for jacketsone-upone-up /�w�n ��p/ adverb printed withone copy of the book at a time. Comparetwo-uponion skin paperonion skin paper /��njən skn �pepə/noun very thin paper made transparent bybeating, used for airmail paperonlineonline /�ɒnlan/ adjective 1. connected toa mainframe computer often by a remoteterminal � The sales office is online to thewarehouse. � We get our data online fromthe stock control department. 2. relating todata or information that is available when aterminal is connected to a central computervia a modemonline editingonline editing /�ɒnlan �edtŋ/ nountext editing by an editor or sub-editor on aterminal linked directly to the maincomputeronline information retrievalonline information retrieval /�ɒnlan�nfə |�meʃ(ə)n r |�tri�vəl/ noun a systemthat allows an operator of an onlineterminal to access, search and display dataheld in a main computeronline processingonline processing /�ɒnlan�prəυsesŋ/ noun processing by devicesconnected to and under the control of thecentral computer, in which the userremains in contact with the centralcomputer while the processing is beingcarried outonline storageonline storage /�ɒnlan �stɔ�rd�/noun data stored on a computeronline systemonline system /�ɒnlan �sstəm/ noun acomputer system that allows users who areonline to transmit and receive informationonline transaction processingonline transaction processing/�ɒnlan tr�n |�z�kʃən �prəυsesŋ/ nouninteractive processing in which a userenters commands and data on a terminalthat is linked to a central computer, withresults being displayed on-screenon-screenon-screen /�ɒn �skri�n/ adjective,adverb with information being displayedon a screen � The text is edited on-screen.on-the-flyon-the-fly /�ɒn ðə �fla/ adverb printingor outputting images as they are beingprocessedon-the-job trainingon-the-job training /�ɒn ðə d�ɒb�trenŋ/ noun training given to employeesat their place of work


183 operationOOOO noun a publisher’s report to a book-seller, informing them that a book theyhave ordered is on order by the publisher.Full form on orderOPOP abbreviation out of printopacityopacity /əυ|�p�sti/ noun the quality ofnot allowing light throughopaqueopaque /ə |�pek/ adjective difficult to seethrough or understand � verb to removespots, blemishes or other parts of a nega-tive which are to be cut out from a plate, bypainting over them with an opaque ink �noun ink used to cover up parts of a film

COMMENT: Mechanical pulp will produceopaque paper; if woodpulp is chemicallytreated or beaten to increase its strength, itwill lose opacity, and if beaten long enoughwill become semi-transparent (like tracingpaper). Printing opacity of paper is usuallymeasured with an opacimeter. Themeasurement essentially involves findingthe ratio of light reflected by one sheet ofpaper to that reflected by a thick pile of thesame paper.

openopen /�əυpən/ adjective 1. at work or notclosed � Some bookshops are open onSundays. 2. with the pages visible or notclosed 3. ready to accept something � opento offers � verb � to open invertedcommas to indicate the beginning of aquotationopen accessopen access /�əυpən ��kses/ noun asystem of organising a collection of infor-mation where users can find what theywant for themselves � People have openaccess to the books in a public library.open back bindingopen back binding /�əυpən b�k�bandŋ/ noun same as hollow backbindingopen-endedopen-ended /�əυpən �endd/, open-end /�əυpən �end/ adjective with no fixedlimit or with some items not specifiedopen-flatopen-flat /�əυpən �fl�t/ adjectiverelating to a book which lies flat whenopenedopeningopening /�əυp(ə)nŋ/ noun 1. pages of abook which face each other 2. the begin-ning part of a text 3. the act of starting abusiness � adjective first or at the begin-ningopening balanceopening balance /�əυp(ə)nŋ �b�ləns/noun the balance at the beginning of anaccounting periodopening bidopening bid /�əυp(ə)nŋ �bd/ noun thefirst offer for somethingopening stockopening stock /�əυp(ə)nŋ �stɒk/ nounstock held at the beginning of anaccounting period

open marketopen market /�əυpən �mɑ�kt/ noun amarket in which two publishers agree thatboth can sell the same bookOpen Prepress InterfaceOpen Prepress Interface /�əυpən pri |

�pres �ntəfes/ noun a data transferprotocol which allows image files to be‘replaced’ with low-res versions in a layoutand then retrieved when printing, to avoidthe problems associated with transferringlarge amounts of data. Abbr OPIopen-sourceopen-source /�əυpən �sɔ�s/ adjectiverelating to software or information that isfree to be accessed, distributed, copied andused by any person without licensing orcopyright restrictionsOpen System InterconnectionOpen System Interconnection/�əυpən �sstəm �ntəkə|�nekʃ(ə)n/ nouna standardised ISO network which isconstructed in layer form, with each layerhaving a specific task, allowing differentsystems to communicate if they conform tothe standard. Abbr OSIopen to offersopen to offers /�əυpən tə �ɒfəz/ adjec-tive ready to accept a reasonable offerOpenTypeOpenType /�əυpəntap/ a trade namefor a font file format that can be usedacross applications and platformsopen upopen up /�əυpən ��p/ verb � to open upnew markets to work to start business inmarkets where such business has not beendone beforeOpenURLOpenURL /�əυpən ju� ɑ�r �el/ noun acomputer language which identifies theperson trying to access a document onlineand uses metadata to take them to the mostappropriate format or version of that docu-mentoperateoperate /�ɒpəret/ verb to work or makesomething workoperatingoperating /�ɒpəretŋ/ noun the generalrunning of a business or of a machineoperating costsoperating costs /�ɒpəretŋ �kɒsts/plural noun same as running costsoperating manualoperating manual /�ɒpəretŋ�m�njυəl/ noun a book showing how tooperate a machineoperating profitoperating profit /�ɒpəretŋ �prɒft/,operating loss /�ɒpəretŋ lɒs/ noun aprofit or loss made by a company in itsusual businessoperating systemoperating system /�ɒpəretŋ�sstəm/ noun basic software whichcontrols the running of a computeroperationoperation /�ɒpə |�reʃ(ə)n/ noun theorganisation and work in a business


operations review 184operations reviewoperations review /�ɒpəreʃ(ə)nz r|

�vju�/ noun an examination of the way inwhich a company or department works tosee how it can be made more efficient andprofitableoperativeoperative /�ɒp(ə)rətv/ noun a personwho operates a machine which makes aproductoperatoroperator /�ɒpəretə/ noun a mathemat-ical symbol, term or other entity thatperforms or describes an operation, e.g. amultiplication or subtraction signOPIOPI abbreviation Open Prepress Interfaceopinionopinion /ə|�pnjən/ noun a belief, view orjudgementOPPOPP /�əυ pi� �pi�/ noun the film usuallyused for laminating book covers. Full formoriented polypropyleneopposite pageopposite page /�ɒpəzt �ped�/ nounthe other page of a double page spreadopticaloptical /�ɒptk(ə)l/ adjective 1. relatingto or making use of light � An opticalreader uses a light beam to scan charac-ters or patterns or lines. 2. relating to theeyesoptical bar readeroptical bar reader /�ɒptk(ə)l �bɑ��ri�də/ noun an optical device that readsdata from a barcode. Also called opticalwandoptical brighteneroptical brightener /�ɒptk(ə)l�brat(ə)nə/ noun fluorescent dye added topaper pulp to make it whiteoptical centreoptical centre /�ɒptk(ə)l �sentə/ nounthe centre of a page, design or line of typeas it appears to the eye, slightly higher thanthe actual centreoptical centringoptical centring /�ɒptk(ə)l �sentərŋ/noun the act of making a text look asthough it is centred, when in fact it is notoptical character readeroptical character reader /�ɒptk(ə)l�k�rktə �ri�də/ noun a device that scansprinted or written characters, recognisesthem and converts them into machine-readable codes for processing in acomputer. Abbr OCRoptical character recognitionoptical character recognition/�ɒptk(ə)l �k�rktə �rekə"nʃ(ə)n/ nouna technique for machine reading whichuses special forms of type. Abbr OCRoptical diskoptical disk /�ɒptk(ə)l dsk/ noun arigid computer storage disk with datastored as tiny pits in the plastic coating,readable by laser beamoptical fontoptical font /�ɒptk(ə)l fɒnt/ noun acharacter design that can be easily readusing an OCR reader

optical letter spacingoptical letter spacing /�ɒptk(ə)l�letə �spesŋ/ noun the method ofallowing variable spacing betweendifferent letters, so as to look as if thespacing is standard. Also called opticalspacingopticallyoptically /�ɒptk(ə)li/ adverb using anoptical device � The text is scanned opti-cally.optical mark readeroptical mark reader /�ɒptk(ə)l �mɑ�k�ri�də/ noun a device that can recognisemarks or lines on a special form such as anorder form or a questionnaire, and inputsthem into a computer. Abbr OMRoptical mark recognitionoptical mark recognition /�ɒptk(ə)lmɑ�k �rekə" |�nʃ(ə)n/ noun a process thatallows certain marks or lines on specialforms to be recognised by an optical markreader, and input into a computer. AbbrOMRoptical scanneroptical scanner /�ɒptk(ə)l �sk�nə/noun a piece of equipment that converts animage into electrical signals which can bestored in and displayed on a computeroptical spacingoptical spacing /�ɒptk(ə)l �spesŋ/noun same as optical letter spacingoptical storageoptical storage /�ɒptk(ə)l �stɔ�rd�/noun data storage using visual mediumssuch as microfiche or optical diskoptical wandoptical wand /�ɒptk(ə)l wɒnd/ nounsame as optical bar readeroptionoption /�ɒpʃən/ noun 1. something thatcan be chosen � to grant someone a six-month option on a book to allow some-body six months to decide if they want tobe the agent or if they want to manufacturethe book in their territory 2. freedom tochoose somethingoption clauseoption clause /�ɒpʃən klɔ�z/ noun aclause in an agreement between a publisherand an author which states that the authormust offer the publisher his or her nextwork for publicationoption to purchaseoption to purchase /�ɒpʃən tə�p!�tʃs/, option to sell /�ɒpʃ(ə)n tə �sel/noun a choice given to somebody to buy orsell something within a period of timeorderorder /�ɔ�də/ verb 1. to arrange thingsaccording to a system 2. to ask for some-thing to be brought or sent to you whichyou will then pay for � noun � items avail-able to order only items which will bemanufactured only if somebody ordersthem � on order ordered but not delivered� This item is out of stock, but is on order.Abbr OO


185 outline halftonesorder bookorder book /�ɔ�də bυk/ noun a record ofordersorder fulfilmentorder fulfilment /�ɔ�də fυl |�flmənt/noun the supplying of items that have beenorderedorder pickingorder picking /�ɔ�də �pkŋ/ noun theact of collecting various items in a ware-house to make up an order to be sent to acustomerorganisation chartorganisation chart /�ɔ�"əna|�zeʃ(ə)ntʃɑ�t/ noun a diagram showing how acompany or an office is organisedorientationorientation /�ɔ�riən |�teʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. ameasurement of the ‘slant’ of a character ina typeface, e.g. normal or italic 2. the direc-tion of a page, either landscape (long edgehorizontal) or portrait (long edge vertical)3. information or training that is necessaryin order to understand a new subject, job,activity or situationoriented polypropyleneoriented polypropylene /�ɔ�rientd�pɒli |�prəυpəli�n/ noun full form of OPPoriginorigin /�ɒrd�n/ noun 1. the place or timeof the beginning of something 2. a country,place or social class of a person’s parentsor ancestorsoriginaloriginal /ə |�rd�ən(ə)l/ noun 1. the firstdocument from which copies have beenmade 2. a piece of writing or music that isgenuine and not a copy � adjective relatingto something that was used or made first �They sent a copy of the original invoice. �He kept the original receipt for reference.original equipment manufactureroriginal equipment manufacturer/ə|�rd�ən(ə)l |�kwpmənt �m�njυ|

�f�ktʃərə/ noun a type of company whichcustomises computers for a particularapplication. Abbr OEMoriginateoriginate /ə|�rd�net/ verb to start orcome from � The book was originated by apackager. � The data originated from thenew computer.originationorigination /ə|�rd�|�neʃ(ə)n/ noun thework involved in creating something, e.g.preparing a book from a manuscript rightthrough to camera-ready copy or film �The origination of the artwork will takeseveral weeks.ornamentornament /�ɔ�nəmənt/ noun somethingadded to make a thing look more attractiveornamented typefaceornamented typeface /�ɔ�nəmentd�tapfes/ noun a typeface where theletters have extra decorationornithological atlasornithological atlas/�ɔ�nθəlɒd�k(ə)l ��tləs/ noun an atlas

showing maps of where particular birdsbreedorphanorphan /�ɔ�f(ə)n/ noun the first line of aparagraph when it is printed by itself at thebottom of a column or page (NOTE: Anotherterm for this is club line.)orthochromatic filmorthochromatic film/�ɔ�θəυkrəυm�tk �flm/ noun film whichis sensitive to colours other than redorthographyorthography /ɔ�|�θɒ"rəfi/ noun correctspellingOSOS abbreviation out of stockoscillator rollersoscillator rollers /�ɒsletə �rəυləz/plural noun rollers which control theamount of ink being passed onto theimpression cylinderOSIOSI abbreviation Open System Intercon-nectionoutout /aυt/ adverb published � The bookcame out last week. � We can’t get the newcookery book out in time for Christmas. �noun an omission of part of the text whencomposingoutdentoutdent /aυt|�dent/ verb to move part ofa line of text into the margin (NOTE: Theopposite is indent.)outerouter /�aυtə/ adjective nearer to theoutside, as opposed to something inside �noun the imposed first and last pages of abookouter formeouter forme /�aυtə �fɔ�m/ noun a formewhich carries one side of the sheet,including the first and last pagesouter marginouter margin /�aυtə �mɑ�d�n/ nounthe margin on the foredge of a pageout-houseout-house /�aυt �haυs/ adjective, adverbworking outside a company’s buildings �the out-house staff � We do all our dataprocessing out-house.outletoutlet /�aυtlət/ noun the market for aproduct, shop or organisation which sellscommoditiesoutlineoutline /�aυtlan/ noun 1. the edge roundan image 2. a rough draft or summary �verb to describe the main features of some-thingoutline fontoutline font /�aυt(ə)lan fɒnt/ noun aprinter or display font stored as a set ofoutlines that mathematically describe theshape of each characteroutline halftonesoutline halftones /�aυtlan�hɑ�ftəυnz/ plural noun halftones wherethe background has been removed, leavingthe foreground as a kind of silhouette


outline letter 186outline letteroutline letter /�aυtlan �letə/ noun aletter printed as lines round the edge of theletter shape, used for display purposesout of alignmentout of alignment /�aυt əv ə|�lanmənt/adjective not aligned correctlyout of dateout of date /�aυt əv �det/ adjective nolonger in general use or past the date forlegal use � Their computer system is yearsout of date. � They are still using out-of-date equipment.out of focusout of focus /�aυt əv �fəυkəs/ adjectiveblurred because the camera has not beenfocused correctlyout of printout of print /�aυt əv �prnt/ adjectiverelating to a book of which the publisherhas no copies left and which is not going tobe reprinted. Abbr OP � the book is out ofprint the book is no longer available fromthe publisher � to put a book out of printto decide not to reprint a bookout of registerout of register /�aυt əv �red�stə/adjective with two printing plates incor-rectly aligned, so giving a blurred imageout of squareout of square /�aυt əv �skweə/ adjec-tive not cut at right anglesout of stockout of stock /�aυt əv �stɒk/ adjectiverelating to a publication of which thesupplier or retailer has no copies at present.Abbr OSout of workout of work /�aυt əv �w!�k/ adjectivewith no job � The recession has putmillions out of work. � The company wasset up by three out-of-work engineers.outputoutput /�aυtpυt/ noun the amount that aperson, organisation or machine produces� verb to print work done on a computeroutput bonusoutput bonus /�aυtpυt �bəυnəs/ nounan extra payment for increased productionoutput deviceoutput device /�aυtpυt d |�vas/ noun adevice such as a monitor or printer, whichallows information in a computer to bedisplayed to the user. Compare inputdeviceoutput resolutionoutput resolution /�aυtpυt�rezəlu�ʃ(ə)n/ noun the number of sepa-rate image points that a device is physicallyable to writeoutputsoutputs /�aυtpυts/ plural noun goods orservices soldoutput taxoutput tax /�aυtpυt t�ks/ noun VATcharged by a company on goods or servicessoldoutrightoutright /�aυt|�rat/ adverb, adjectivecompletely � outright sale of a copyrightsale of a copyright by an author to a

publisher for a lump sum, with no royaltypayable afterwardsoutsertoutsert /�aυts!�t/ noun 1. a four-pagesection wrapped round a printed signature2. a leaflet or other promotional materialsent outside a magazine which is mailedoutsideoutside /�aυtsad/ adjective, adverb 1.near the edge of a page 2. not in acompany’s office or buildingoutside directoroutside director /�aυtsad da|�rektə/noun a director who is not employed by thecompanyoutside front coveroutside front cover /�aυtsad fr�nt�k�və/, outside back cover noun the twocovers of a magazineoutside lineoutside line /�aυtsad �lan/ noun a linefrom an internal office telephone system tothe main telephone exchangeoutside marginoutside margin /�aυtsad �mɑ�d�n/noun the margin at the edge of a page, asopposed to the gutteroutside readeroutside reader /�aυtsad �ri�də/ noun areader employed by a publisher on a feebasis to read manuscripts and comment onthemoutside sortsoutside sorts /�aυtsad sɔ�ts/ pluralnoun characters which are not frequentlyused such as accents, which are kept in theoutside compartments of a caseoutside workeroutside worker /�aυtsad �w!�kə/noun an employee who does not work in acompany’s officesoutsourceoutsource /�aυtsɔ�s/ verb to send workout to be done by freelance workers outsidethe company or organisationoutstandingoutstanding /aυt|�st�ndŋ/ adjective 1.excellent 2. still to be done or completed �Outstanding invoices must be paid by theend of the year.outstanding debtsoutstanding debts /aυt|�st�ndŋ�dets/ plural noun debts which are waitingto be paidoutstanding ordersoutstanding orders /aυt|�st�ndŋ�ɔ�dəz/ plural noun orders received but notyet suppliedout trayout tray /�aυt tre/ noun a basket on adesk for letters or memos which have beendealt with and are ready to be dispatchedoutturn sheetsoutturn sheets /�aυtt!�n ʃi�ts/,outturns plural noun 1. sample sheets ofpaper taken from a shipment for approvalby the purchaser 2. specimen printedsheets of a book sent to the publisher forconfirmationoutworkoutwork /�aυtw!�k/ noun 1. work that acompany pays somebody to do at home 2.


187 overseas

specialist work which a printer subcon-tracts to another company, such as makingup boxed sets or special typesettingoutworkeroutworker /�aυtw!�kə/ noun a personwho works at home for a companyover-over- /əυvə/ prefix more thanovercapacityovercapacity /�əυvəkə|�p�sti/ nounthe unused production capacity of some-thingovercastingovercasting /�əυvə|�kɑ�stŋ/ noun amethod of attaching leaves together toform a section which can be bound, usedespecially for the first and last sections.Also called oversewing, whipstitchingoverchargeovercharge /�əυvə|�tʃɑ�d�/ verb to askfor more money than is reasonable for aproduct or service � noun a charge that ishigher than it should be � to pay back anoverchargeoverdueoverdue /�əυvə|�dju�/ adjective past thedue date � overdue library booksoverestimateoverestimate /�əυvər |�estmet/ verb tothink something is larger or better than itreally is � He overestimated the amount oftime needed to fit out the factory. � I thinkshe is a very overestimated writer.overexposeoverexpose /�əυvərk |�spəυz/ verb toexpose film for too long a time, so that it istoo paleoverexposureoverexposure /�əυvərks|�pəυ�ə/ nounexposure of a film for too long a time, sothat the image is too paleoverfoldoverfold /�əυvəfəυld/ noun paper whichsticks out from the rest of the folded sheets,because the folding machine is off centre(NOTE: The opposite (i.e. the paper whichdoes not reach the edge of the otherleaves) is underfold.)overhead budgetoverhead budget /�əυvəhed �b�d�t/noun a plan of probable overhead costsoverheadsoverheads /�əυvəhedz/ plural noun theindirect costs of the day-to-day running ofa business, i.e. not money spent ofproducing goods, but money spent on suchthings as renting or maintaining buildingsand machineryoverinkoverink /�əυvər |�ŋk/ verb to cover in toomuch ink so that the printing image isunclearoverinkingoverinking /�əυvə|�ŋkŋ/ noun usingtoo much ink when printing � Overinkingmakes the pages too dark.overlapoverlap /�əυvəl�p/ verb to stick outbeyond the edge of the boards, so that itcan be tucked in and glued

overlapping coveroverlapping cover /�əυvəl�pŋ�k�və/ noun a paper cover which is not cutflush, but projects beyond the text pagesoverlayoverlay noun /�əυvəle/ a transparentsheet used with overhead transparencies toadd information at a specific time andplace � verb /�əυvə |�le/ to change theheight of type and blocks in letterpressprinting, so as to alter the darkness of theprinted textoverlay proofoverlay proof /�əυvəle pru�f/ noun aproof composed of several transparentsheets layered together, each showing onecolour to be printedoverleafoverleaf /�əυvə |�lif/ adverb on the nextpage � See the chart overleaf.overmanningovermanning /�əυvə |�m�nŋ/ noun thestate of having more employees than areneeded to do a company’s work � to aim toreduce overmanningovermatterovermatter /�əυvəm�tə/ noun textwhich has been set into galley proofs, andwhich is too long for the space allowed andso is discarded, frequently found in news-papers and magazine work. Also calledoversetoverprintoverprint /�əυvə|�prnt/ verb to addfurther text on sheets which have alreadybeen printed � The catalogue is over-printed with the bookseller’s address.overrunoverrun /�əυvər�n/ noun 1. an act oftaking text over to another line because ofadditions 2. an act of remaking a line orlines of print, because of deletions or addi-tions at proof stage 3. the making of morepaper than has been ordered (NOTE: Theopposite is underrun.) 4. the printing ofmore sheets than specified (NOTE: Theopposite is underrun.) � verb 1. to belonger than anticipated � The text hasoverrun by two pages. 2. to print moresheets than are required, in case any arefaultyoversovers /�əυvəz/ plural noun extra itemsabove the agreed total, or extra sheets orbound copies supplied by a printer to allowfor spoilage � The price includes 10%overs to compensate for damage. Compareshortsoverseasoverseas /�əυvəsi�z/ adjective used inthe UK to describe people from othercountries � They are not called overseasstudents now but international students. �the overseas division a section of acompany dealing with trade with othercountries � noun /�əυvə |�si�z/ foreign


overseas markets 188

countries � The profits from overseas arefar higher than those of the home division.overseas marketsoverseas markets /�əυvəsi�z�mɑ�kts/ plural noun markets in foreigncountriesoverseas tradeoverseas trade /�əυvəsi�z �tred/ nounsame as foreign tradeoversetoverset /�əυvəset/ noun same as over-matteroversewingoversewing /�əυvəsəυŋ/ noun same asovercastingoversizeoversize /�əυvə |�saz/ adjective relatingto books and other printed materials thatare larger than the standard book sizes andare often stored in a special areaoverstockoverstock /�əυvə|�stɒk/ verb to keepmore books, documents or informationthan is necessary for the users being served� to be overstocked with certain titles tohave too many copies of certain books instockoverstocksoverstocks /�əυvəstɒks/ plural nounmore stock than is needed to supply orders� We will have to sell off the overstocks tomake room in the warehouse.overstrikeoverstrike /�əυvəstrak/ verb to print ontop of an existing character to produce anew oneovertimeovertime /�əυvətam/ noun time thatsomebody works in addition to contractedhours and for which they are usually paidextra

overwrite

overwrite /�əυvə|�rat/ verb to replace anelectronic file containing data or acomputer program in memory or on a diskwith a new file of the same nameown brand books

own brand books /�əυn br�nd �bυks/plural noun books specially packaged for astore with the store’s name on themown ends

own ends /�əυn �endz/ plural nounendpapers which are the blank first and lastleaves of the textOxford hollow

Oxford hollow /�ɒksfəd �hɒləυ/ noun atype of hollow back binding, where a papertube is placed between the back and thespine of the book blockoxidation

oxidation /�ɒks |�deʃ(ə)n/ noun a defectin lithographic printing plates, where themetal surface is corroded where it has notbeen correctly protected, and so createslittle black spots on the printed paperozalid

ozalid /�ɒzəld/ a trade name for a type ofproof made from film by contacting it in avacuum frame with special coated paper,similar to diazos or dyeline proofs (NOTE:The US term is blue or Vandyke)ozalid proof

ozalid proof /�ɒzəld pru�f/ noun aproof made from film, on photographicpaper

COMMENT: Ozalid proofs are normallymade from the final films before plates aremade, and so need to be checkedparticularly carefully.


PPAPA abbreviation 1. Publishers Association2. personal assistantpackpack /p�k/ noun a packet of informationcontaining items such as leaflets or mapsrelevant to a particular topic � verb to putthings into containers or parcels so thatthey can be sent to another addresspackagepackage /�p�kd�/ noun 1. a parcel ofgoods packed and wrapped for sending bymail � The Post Office does not acceptbulky packages. � The goods are to be sentin airtight packages. 2. a group of differentitems joined together in one deal 3. a set ofcomputer programs designed for a specialpurpose � verb � to package books toproduce books by commissioning authors,designers, typesetting, printing andbinding, for sale as finished books to apublisherpackage dealpackage deal /�p�kd� �di�l/ noun anagreement covering several different itemsat the same time � They agreed a packagedeal, covering the paperback rights, filmrights and options on the author’s next tentitles.package insertpackage insert /�p�kd� �ns!�t/ nounan insert put into a package, not into asingle publicationpackagerpackager /�p�kd�ə/ noun a companythat creates a finished book for a publisher

COMMENT: The packager usually conceivesthe product (that is, has the idea for theproduct), and commissions a sample of textfrom an author, and title page, cover andpage layout from a designer. This is thenmade into a mock-up, which is presented topublishers to ask them to consider. In thiscase, the copyright will remain with thepackager. Alternatively, a publisher mayapproach a packager with an idea for abook, and in this case the copyright mayremain with the publisher. When a publisherdecides to take the book, he or she willorder a certain number of copies from thepackager, at a certain price. This is a firmsale, and the books cannot be returned to

the packager if the publisher is unable tosell them. The packager will usually retainrights in the book, either the copyright in thetext and illustrations, or at least the right tosell adapted versions in other markets thanthose agreed with the first publisher. In thecase of an illustrated book with a possibleworldwide market, the packager mayproduce books in several languages at thesame time, selling each one to a differentpublisher in each language market.

packagingpackaging /�p�kd�ŋ/ noun 1. theaction of putting things into packages 2.the production of finished books for apublisher 3. material used to protect goodswhich are being packed � airtight pack-aging 4. attractive material used to wrapgoods for display � Lightweight packagingmaterial for sending books by airmail.packer

packer /�p�kə/ noun a person who packsgoodspacket switched data servicepacket switched data service/�p�kt swtʃd �detə/, packet switchednetwork /�p�kt �swtʃd �netw!�k/noun a service which transmits data inpackets of set length. Abbr PSNpacket switchingpacket switching /�p�kt �swtʃŋ/noun a method of dividing data into smallpackets for transmission between termi-nals and networkspackingpacking /�p�kŋ/ noun 1. the act ofputting goods into boxes and wrappingthem for shipping � What is the cost of thepacking? � Packing is included in theprice. 2. material used to protect goods �packed in airtight packing 3. an overlap ona cylinder to correct the pressure on theprinting surfacepacking casepacking case /�p�kŋ kes/ noun alarge wooden box for carrying items thatcan be easily brokenpacking charges

packing charges /�p�kŋ �tʃɑ�d�z/plural noun money charged for puttinggoods into boxes


packing list 190packing listpacking list /�p�kŋ lst/, packing slip/�p�kŋ slp/ noun a note sent with goodsto say that the goods have been checkedagainst the orderpacking paperpacking paper /�p�kŋ �pepə/ nounstrong paper used for packing bookspadded coverspadded covers /�p�dd �k�vəz/,padded sides plural noun the covers of ade luxe book, where soft material isinserted between the cover and the boardsof the binding casepaddingpadding /�p�dŋ/ noun unnecessaryinformation put into a speech or writtendocument to increase the lengthpad outpad out /�p�d �aυt/ verb to add pages tomake a book thicker, or to add text to makean article or book longerpagepage /ped�/ noun 1. one side of a sheetof paper in a book, newspaper or magazine2. a computer text which will fill one sheetof paper when printed out 3. a document oritem of information on the Internet avail-able through the World Wide Web � verb tocall for somebody over the public addresssystem in a large building such as a hotel orairportpage cordpage cord /�ped� kɔ�d/ noun strongstring used to tie type made up into page,before placing it in a chasepage cutoffpage cutoff /�ped� �k�tɒf/ noun adevice which cuts off the ink from onepage during printingpage depthpage depth /�ped� depθ/ noun thelength of a page, measured from the head-line down to the folio at the foot of the pagepage description languagepage description language /�ped�d |�skrpʃən �l�ŋ"wd�/ noun softwarethat controls a printer, and which makes theprinter print out pages according to theuser’s instructions. Abbr PDLpage displaypage display /�ped� d |�sple/ noun theshowing of a page of text on the screen asit will appear when printed outpage gaugepage gauge /�ped� "ed�/ noun a pieceof metal with which the compositor canmeasure the depth of the page whenmaking up typepage layoutpage layout /�ped� �leaυt/ noun aword-processing facility which allows thetext to be formatted in different wayspage lengthpage length /�ped� �leŋθ/ noun thelength of a page, either in printing or inword processingpage make-uppage make-up /�ped� �mek �p/ nounthe process of making printed text into thecorrect lengths for pages, fitting in illustra-

tions and adding the headlines, pagenumbers, etc. � Corrections made afterpage make-up are very expensive. � We doour page make-ups directly on screen. �Computerised page make-up systems areavailable with any desktop publishingpackage.page numberpage number /�ped� �n�mbə/ nounthe number shown on a page of a book ormagazinepage numberingpage numbering /�ped� �n�mbərŋ/noun the way in which pages in a book arenumberedpage on galleypage on galley /�ped� ɒn �"�li/ nouna long proof where the text is cut into pagelength pieces, but without headings andfoliospage previewpage preview /�ped� �pri�vju�/ noun aword-processing facility which allows theshape of the text to be seen before printingpage printerpage printer /�ped� �prntə/ noun aprinter which composes one page of textwithin memory and then prints it in onepasspage proofspage proofs /�ped� pru�fs/ plural nounproofs of a book which have been made upinto pages, sometimes with headlines andfoliospage pull testpage pull test /�ped� pυl �test/ noun atest for the strength of the adhesive inperfect binding, where the book is lifted upby a single leaf to see if the glue will holdpage referencepage reference /�ped� �ref(ə)rəns/noun a cross-reference to text on a partic-ular pagepage setuppage setup /�ped� �set�p/ nounoptions within software that allow a user toset up how the page will look when printed– normally setting the margins, size ofpaper, and scaling of a pagepage sizepage size /�ped� saz/ noun the phys-ical dimensions of a printed page � Ourpage sizes vary from 220 x 110 to 360 x220.pages per minutepages per minute /�ped�z p!��mnət/ plural noun a measurement of thespeed of a printer as the number of pages oftext printed every minute. Abbr ppmpages-to-viewpages-to-view /�ped�z tə �vju�/ nouna large sheet printed with imposed pagespage widthpage width /�ped� �, wdθ/ noun thenumber of characters across the type areaof a pagepaginalpaginal /�p�d�n(ə)l/ adjective exactlyduplicating a previous edition or version,


191 paperback house

so that the same text appears on the samepage in bothpaginatepaginate /�p�d�net/ verb to numberthe pages of a book or documentpaginationpagination /�p�d� |�neʃ(ə)n/ noun asystem of numbering the pages in a docu-ment

COMMENT: Page numbers usually start witha series of Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, etc.) forthe prelims, and then change to Arabicnumerals for the main text pages. The maintext is paginated from page 1 again, withthe result that the last folio in a book israrely the same number as the actualextent.

pagingpaging /�ped�ŋ/ noun 1. the process ofmaking up text into pages 2. the process ofputting the numbers on pages of a ledger,using a manual numbering machinepaintpaint /pent/ verb to fill an enclosedgraphics shape with a colourpaint programpaint program /�pent �prəυ"r�m/noun software that allows a user to drawpictures on screen in different colours,with different styles of brush and specialeffects. � drawing program

COMMENT: Paint programs normallyoperate on bitmap images; drafting ordesign software normally works with vector-based images.

palettepalette /�p�lət/ noun the range ofcolours which can be used on a printer orcomputer displaypalletpallet /�p�lət/ noun 1. a flat wooden baseon which goods can be stacked for easyhandling by a fork-lift truck. � Europallet,skid, stillage 2. a tool used for blindtooling on rounded leather backspalletisepalletise /�p�lətaz/, palletize verb toput goods on pallets � palletised cartonspamphletpamphlet /�p�mflət/ noun a small thinbook, with at least six but not more than 48pages and a paper cover, used to conveyinformationpanchromatic filmpanchromatic film /�p�nkrəm�tk�flm/ noun film which is sensitive to allcolourspanelpanel /�p�n(ə)l/ noun 1. a flat surfacestanding upright 2. a rectangular piece ofpaper on the spine of a book, giving thetitle and author 3. a list of works by thesame author printed on the page facing thetitle page 4. a group of people � We have apanel of freelance editors whom we usefrom time to time.panel backpanel back /�p�n(ə)l b�k/ adjectiverelating to a leather binding style, where

decorated leather panels are put betweenthe ribs on the spinepantographpantograph /�p�ntəυ"rɑ�f/ noun adevice for copying or reducing orenlarging line work, in which a series ofarms on pivots move a pen as the operatortraces the lines on the originalPantonePantone /�p�ntəυn/ a trade name for asystem of colours, of which differentshades are identified by numbers accordingto the Pantone Matching System

COMMENT: Pantone colours are identifiedby the letters PMS and a number. Thecolours can be made up according to theproportions of different inks shown. Atypical instruction might be: ‘blue is PMS282 and red is Pantone warm red’.

paperpaper /�pepə/ noun 1. a material made ofcellulose fibres derived mainly from wood-pulp, which is processed into thin sheetsand used for writing, printing and drawing2. same as newspaper 3. part of a writtenexamination 4. a long essay on anacademic subject

COMMENT: The first paper was made fromold cloth, torn up, and mixed with water.Good quality paper is still made in this way,though most papers are now made fromwood. The base material is wood which hasbeen debarked, then shredded. If it isground fine to make pulp it is calledmechanical pulp; if it is mixed with variouschemical substances to remove impuritiesand soften the tissues to form pulp, it iscalled chemical pulp. The pulp is laid on awire mesh which retains the solid fibres andlets the water drain away. After most of thewater has been removed, the paper is putthrough rollers which dry and calender it.Paper is made in many different qualities,each of which is suitable for a certainprinting process, or for writing and drawing.Note that the paper usually constitutes thehighest cost in book manufacture,especially where long print runs areconcerned.

paper agentpaper agent /�pepə �ed�ənt/ noun aperson who represents paper suppliers andreceives a percentage of any salepaperbackpaperback /�pepəb�k/ noun a bookwith a paper or light card cover � adjectivewith a thin flexible cover, instead of a hardcover � verb to publish a book in a paper-back edition � The hardback is selling well,and the book will be paperbacked nextspring.paperback auctionpaperback auction /�pepəb�k�ɔ�kʃ(ə)n/ noun an auction where thepaperback rights in a book are for sale tothe highest bidderpaperback housepaperback house /�pepəb�k haυs/noun a publisher of paperbacks


paperback original 192paperback originalpaperback original /�pepəb�k ə|

�rd�n(ə)l/ noun a book which ispublished first as a paperback and whichlater may be issued in a hardcover editionpaperback rightspaperback rights /�pepəb�k rats/plural noun the right to publish a book in apaperback edition after it has beenpublished in a cased editionpaper-boundpaper-bound /�pepə baυnd/, paper-covered /�pepə �k�vəd/ adjectivedenoting a book bound with a paper coverpaper coverpaper cover /�pepə �k�və/ noun awrapper for a book which does not have abinding casepaper cutterpaper cutter /�pepə �k�tə/ noun amachine for cutting paperpaper-fedpaper-fed /�pepə fed/ adjective acti-vated when paper is introduced into itpaper feedpaper feed /�pepə fi�d/ noun a devicewhich puts paper into a printer or photo-copierpaper foilspaper foils /�pepə fɔlz/ plural nounfoils for blocking covers, with a paperbackingpaper gaugepaper gauge /�pepə "ed�/ noun adevice for measuring the thickness ofpaperpaperless officepaperless office /�pepələs �ɒfs/noun an office that uses only electronicmeans of working, without any hard copyof materials

‘The number of digital documentsprinted is increasing despite predictionsof the paperless office, according to anew survey. Research firm Ovumrevealed that 74% of firms said they wererequired to keep documents in hard copyformat.’ [Printing World]

paper merchantpaper merchant /�pepə �m!�tʃənt/noun a company which buys paper whole-sale from manufacturers and sells it retailto publishers and printerspaper millpaper mill /�pepə ml/ noun a factorywhere paper is madepaper sizespaper sizes /�pepə �sazz/ plural nounvarious standard sizes of paperpaper stockspaper stocks /�pepə stɒks/ pluralnoun quantities of paper kept in stockeither by a publisher or by a printer, for useat some later datepaper storepaper store /�pepə stɔ�/ noun a storagearea where stocks of paper are kept untilneededpaper surface efficiencypaper surface efficiency /�pepə�s!�fs |�fʃ(ə)nsi/ noun a measurement of

the suitability of the surface of paper forprinting. Abbr PSEpaper tapepaper tape /�pepə tep/ noun a strip ofpaper into which holes are punched torecord data, and which when fed into acomputer can drive a typesetting machine,or can be used to drive a Monotype castingmachinepaper tape readerpaper tape reader /�pepə �tep �ri�də/noun a machine which reads perforatedpaper tape. Abbr PTRpaper throwpaper throw /�pepə θrəυ/ noun a rapidvertical movement of paper in a printerpaper trailpaper trail /�pepə trel/ noun asequence of documents that can be used byan investigator as a record of somebody’sactions or decisionspaper traypaper tray /�pepə tre/ noun a containerused to hold paper to be fed into a printerpaperweightpaperweight /�pepəwet/ noun 1. asmall heavy object, often decorativelydesigned, which can be placed on piles ofpaper to stop them blowing away 2. theweight of a quantity of paper, used todescribe its quality. � basis weight

COMMENT: In Britain, the weight of paper iscalculated in grams per square metre(gsm). In the USA, it is expressed as theweight of 500 sheets of paper (i.e. a ream)of a standard 25 x 38 inch size, measuredin pounds.

paperworkpaperwork /�pepəw!�k/ noun theroutine part of a job which involves taskssuch as dealing with letters and writingreportspapeteriepapeterie /�p�petə |�ri�/ noun stiff paperused for cardspapier mâchépapier mâché /�p�pe �m�ʃe/ noun amixture of paper pulp and water, used tomake mouldspapyruspapyrus /pə|�parəs/ noun a kind of reedgrowing in the Middle East, especially inEgypt, used from very early times to makea type of paperparagraphparagraph /�p�rə"rɑ�f/ noun a sectionof writing which contains one main idea,always starts on a new line and is oftenindentedparagraph indentationparagraph indentation /�p�rə"rɑ�f�ndenteʃ(ə)n/ noun an act of moving thetext in from the margin to indicate thebeginning of a paragraphparagraph markparagraph mark /�p�rə"rɑ�f mɑ�k/,paragraph opener noun a printed signused to show the beginning of a paragraphparallelparallel /�p�rəlel/ noun a sign (||) used asa reference mark for footnotes


193 patchparallel foldingparallel folding /�p�rəlel �fəυldŋ/noun a method of folding paper, as incontinuous stationery, where each fold isparallel to the nextparchmentparchment /�pɑ�tʃmənt/ noun writingmaterial made from the thinly stretchedskin of sheep or goatsparchmentiseparchmentise /�pɑ�tʃməntaz/, parch-mentize verb to treat paper so that itbecomes translucent and waterproof, likeparchment

COMMENT: Before the invention of paper,parchment was the commonest writingmaterial in the Western world. Skins ofsheep were common in England; vellum isparchment made from skins of calves.

parenthesesparentheses /pə |�renθəsi�z/ plural nounpunctuation signs ( ) used to show that partof the text is an incidental comment orproviding an explanation (often incorrectlycalled ‘brackets’)Parker boardParker board /�pɑ�kə bɔ�d/ noun good-quality wooden board for mounting metalplatespart-chemical paperpart-chemical paper /�pɑ�t�kemk(ə)l �pepə/ noun paper that uses aproportion of chemical pulp and a propor-tion of mechanical pulppart deliverypart delivery /pɑ�t d |�lv(ə)ri/ noun adelivery or shipment of only some of theitems in an order. Also called part order,part shipmentpartial remainderingpartial remaindering /�pɑ�ʃ(ə)l r |

�mendərŋ/ noun remaindering of part ofthe excess stock of a book, while keepingsome of the stock for sale at the originalpricepart-mechanical paperpart-mechanical paper /�pɑ�t m |

�k�nk(ə)l �pepə/ noun paper which ismade from a mixture of half mechanicalpulp and half chemical pulppart orderpart order /�pɑ�t �ɔ�də/ noun same aspart deliverypart paymentpart payment /�pɑ�t �pemənt/ nounthe paying of part of a whole paymentpart shipmentpart shipment /�pɑ�t �ʃpmənt/ nounsame as part deliverypart-timepart-time /�pɑ�t �tam/ adjectiveworking for only a part of full workinghourspart-timerpart-timer /�pɑ�t �tamə/ noun a personwho works part-timepart-time workpart-time work /�pɑ�t tam �w!�k/,part-time employment /�pɑ�t tam m |

�plɔmənt/ noun work for part of aworking week

part titlepart title /�pɑ�t �tat(ə)l/ noun a right-hand page with the title of a section of abook, similar to a half titlepartworkpartwork /�pɑ�tw!�k/ noun a long workpublished in smaller parts at regular inter-valspasspass /pɑ�s/ noun 1. a permit to allowsomebody to go into a building � You needa pass to enter the ministry offices. � Allmembers of staff must show a pass. 2. acomplete run of a computer, printingmachine or typesetting machine � The firstpass from the computer will not include thetypesetting codes. � verb 1. to approvesomething � The art director has to passthe covers before they are sent for proofing.� The MS has been passed by our libellawyer. � to pass for press to tell theprinter that the proofs have been correctedand therefore that the book can be printed2. to be successful � He passed his typingtest. � She has passed all her exams andnow has a diploma in printing.passagepassage /�p�sd�/ noun a section of atext which is quotedpass datepass date /�pɑ�s det/ noun the date onwhich proofs have to be passed for presspass sheetpass sheet /�pɑ�s ʃi�t/ noun a specimenpull of a printed sheet at the beginning ofthe print run, which is approved by theprinter and which the publisher is requiredto acceptpastepaste /pest/ noun light glue, used forsticking paper � verb to place text, data oran image into a document electronicallypasteboardpasteboard /�pestbɔ�d/ noun a thinboard, made of several sheets of paperpasted together, used for mountingpictures, etc., but not for bindingpaster tabpaster tab /�pestə t�b/ noun agummed strip which attaches the end ofone reel to the next when changing reelspaste uppaste up /�pest ��p/ verb to sticktogether the various parts of a text andillustrations, to make finished camera-ready copypaste-uppaste-up /�pest �p/ noun 1. a roughlayout, made of galley proofs pasted downwith rough illustrations and headingsinserted 2. camera-ready copy made bypasting the various sections of finished textand illustrations on a piece of board readyto be photographedpatchpatch /p�tʃ/ noun 1. a correction whichis inserted into a bromide or film by strip-ping in 2. the process of making smalladditions to a PostScript file without


patch up 194

altering the original code underneath 3.one of a series of test colour prints in acontrol strip on a colour proofpatch uppatch up /�p�tʃ ��p/ verb 1. to addpieces of packing paper to raise the type ifit is too low 2. to paste positives in thecorrect places, ready for filming 3. to maketemporary repairs to a machinepatternpattern /�p�t(ə)n/ noun a particular waysomething is done or organised � The workpatterns need to be changed.pattern bookpattern book /�p�t(ə)n bυk/ noun abook showing examples of designpatternedpatterned /�p�t(ə)nd/ adjective deco-rated with a patternpattern of tradepattern of trade /�p�t(ə)n əv �tred/,trading pattern /�tredŋ �p�t(ə)n/ nounsame as trading patternpayable on demandpayable on demand /�peəb(ə)l ɒn d|

�mɑ�nd/ adjective payable when paymentis asked forpayment gatewaypayment gateway /�pemənt�"etwe/ noun software that processesonline credit-card payments. It gets author-isation for the payment from the credit-card company and transfers money into theretailer’s bank account.payment termspayment terms /�pemənt t!�mz/plural noun the conditions for payingsomething. Also called terms of paymentPCPC abbreviation 1. personal computer 2.politically correctPDAPDA abbreviation personal digitalassistantPDFPDF /�pi� di� �ef/ noun a data file gener-ated from PostScript that is platform-inde-pendent, application-independent andfont-independent � Acrobat is Adobe’ssuite of software used to generate, edit andview PDF files. Full form Portable Docu-ment FormatPDLPDL abbreviation page descriptionlanguagePEPE abbreviation printer’s errorpeakingpeaking /�pi�kŋ/ noun same as unsharpmaskingpearlpearl /p!�l/ noun an old type size, similarto 5 pointpeculiarpeculiar /p|�kju�liə/ noun an unusualcharacter such as an accent or phoneticcharacterpeeragepeerage /�pərd�/ noun a book listingthe members of the nobility and givinginformation about their familiespeer reviewpeer review /�pə r|�vju�/ noun thereview of an academic document or piece

of software by other experts in the samefield before publicationpelpel /pel/ abbreviation picture element(NOTE: This is not necessarily the same asa pixel, since a pel could be made up ofseveral pixels.)penalisepenalise /�pi�nəlaz/, penalize verb topunish or fine somebody � to penalise asupplier for late deliveries � They werepenalised for bad service.penaltypenalty /�pen(ə)lti/ noun a punishmentsuch as a fine, which is imposed if some-thing is not donepenalty clausepenalty clause /�pen(ə)lti klɔ�z/ nouna clause which lists the penalties whichwill be incurred if the contract is notfulfilledpenalty copypenalty copy /�pen(ə)lti �kɒpi/ nounUS a manuscript which is difficult to set,and for which typesetting is charged at ahigher rate than usualpencilpencil /�pensəl/ noun a writing instru-ment consisting of a central core ofgraphite or coloured material in a thincylinder of wood

COMMENT: Pencils are classified accordingto the hardness of the lead; 4B is very softand 4H is very hard; HB is medium.

pencil casepencil case /�pens(ə)l kes/ noun abinding imperfection, where an endpaperis not stuck correctly at the fold, making asmall tube of paperpencil drawingpencil drawing /�pens(ə)l �drɔ�ŋ/noun a drawing done with a pencil, asopposed to pen and ink, etc.pen namepen name /�pen nem/ noun a nametaken by an author which is not his or herreal namepen rulingpen ruling /�pen �ru�lŋ/ noun printingrules on paper using grooved pens on aflatbed letterpress machineperfectperfect /pə |�fekt/ verb to improve some-thing until it is completely correct � adjec-tive without any mistakesperfect bindingperfect binding /�p!�fkt �bandŋ/noun same as adhesive bindingperfect boundperfect bound /�p!�fekt �baυnd/adjective relating to a book that has aperfect binding

COMMENT: Perfect binding requires gluewhich does not dry out completely. The firstperfect bound books tended to crack whenopened, because the glue was too dry.Modern perfect binding allows even verylarge books to be bound in paper bindings;even some dictionaries are now perfectbound. A stronger form of perfect binding isnotched binding, where notches are cut into


195 photo-

the back of the folded sections instead oftrimming off, so allowing the glue topenetrate the folds.

perfectorperfector /pə|�fektə/, perfecting pressnoun a printing machine which prints onboth sides of a sheet of paperperforateperforate /�p!�fəret/ verb to make holesin something so that it can be torn easily �Sheets of stamps are perforated.perforating machineperforating machine /�p!�fəretŋmə|�ʃi�n/ noun a machine that makes perfo-rations in paperperforationsperforations /�p!�fə |�reʃ(ə)nz/ pluralnoun 1. a row of tiny holes in a sheet ofpaper, allowing it to be torn easily 2. tinyholes made on a press or on a foldingmachine to help with the folding of thickpages. A letterpress printing press can beadapted to make perforations in sheets ofpaper.perforatorperforator /�p!�fəretə/ noun a machinethat punches holesperformance feesperformance fees /pə|�fɔ�məns fi�z/plural noun fees paid for the right to readpoetry or prose or to put on a production ofa play, etc., to a paying audienceperforming rightsperforming rights /pə|�fɔ�mŋ rats/plural noun the right to perform a copyrightworkperiodperiod /�pəriəd/ noun 1. a particularlength of time 2. US a full stop � interjec-tion used to emphasise that there is no moreto be said about a subjectperiodicperiodic /�pəri|�ɒdk/ adjectivehappening occasionally but fairly regu-larly. Also called periodicalperiodicalperiodical /�pəri |�ɒdk(ə)l/ noun amagazine or journal, especially a seriousacademic one � adjective same as periodicperipheralsperipherals /pə|�rf(ə)rəlz/ plural nounitems of hardware such as terminals,printers or monitors, which are attached toa main computer systempermanencepermanence /�p!�mənəns/ noun theability of paper not to yellow or becomebrittle with agepermanentpermanent /�p!�mənənt/ adjectiveexpected to last for ever or for a very longtimepermanent inkpermanent ink /�p!�mənənt �ŋk/ nounink that will not fadepermanent paperpermanent paper /�p!�mənənt�pepə/ noun acid-free paperpermissionpermission /pə |�mʃ(ə)n/ noun the factof being allowed to do something

permitpermit noun /�p!�mt/ an official docu-ment allowing somebody to do a particularthing � You have to have a permit to studyin this library. � verb /pə |�mt/ to allowsomething to be doneper proper pro /�p!� �prəυ/ phrase with theauthority of � The assistant signed per prothe manager. Full form per procura-tionempersonal assistantpersonal assistant /�p!�s(ə)n(ə)l ə|

�sstənt/ noun an assistant who also helpsa manager with administrative tasks, e.g.booking travel tickets. Abbr PApersonal digital assistantpersonal digital assistant/�p!�s(ə)n(ə)l �dd�t(ə)l ə |�sstənt/ nouna small hand-held computer with facilitiesfor taking notes, storing information suchas addresses, and keeping a diary, usuallyoperated using a stylus rather than akeyboard. Abbr PDApersonal imprintpersonal imprint /�p!�s(ə)n(ə)l�mprnt/ noun a list of books publishedunder a particular brand name by a largerpublishing company, which is handled by asingle editor and reflects their taste or areaof expertisepersonnel departmentpersonnel department /�p!�sə|�nel d|

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun the section of a companydealing with staff and recruitment issuespHpH /�pi� �etʃ/ noun a measure of theconcentration of hydrogen ions in a solu-tion, which shows how acid or alkaline it is

COMMENT: The pH value is shown as anumber. A value of 7 is neutral; lowervalues indicate increasing acidity andhigher values increasing alkalinity. Themaximum reading is pH10, which iscompletely alkaline. Paper should be lessacid (i.e. should have a pH value of 7 ormore) if it is to be used for books which arelikely to have a long life. Acid-free paper(with a very high pH value) is used inlibraries to wrap and protect valuable booksand manuscripts. Newsprint has a low pHvalue (5 or less) and so ages rapidly. Theglues used in binding should also bealkaline, with a pH value of 6 or more.

pH meterpH meter /�pi� �etʃ �mi�tə/ noun a meterwhich measures the pH value of a solutionphone bookphone book /�fəυn bυk/ noun a bookthat lists names of people or companieswith their addresses and telephonenumbersphoneticphonetic /fə|�netk/ adjective relating tophonetics � The pronunciation is indicatedin phonetic script.phoneticsphonetics /fə |�netks/ noun the study ofspeech soundsphoto-photo- /fəυtəυ/ prefix referring to light


photocompose 196photocomposephotocompose /�fəυtəυkəmpəυz/verb to set text using a phototypesettingmachinephotocomposerphotocomposer /�fəυtəυkəm |�pəυzə/noun a machine that carries out photocom-positionphotocomposing machinephotocomposing machine/�fəutəυkəm |�pəυzŋ mə|�ʃi�n/ noun amachine that carries out photocompositionphotocompositionphotocomposition /�fəυtəυkɒmpə|

�zʃ(ə)n/ noun a method of typesetting onfilm or paper from film matrices or adigital font, as opposed to hot metal orstrike-on methodsphotocopierphotocopier /�fəυtəυkɒpiə/ noun amachine that copies documents by photo-graphing them very quicklyphotocopyphotocopy /�fəυtəυkɒpi/ noun an exactcopy of a document produced by a photo-copier, in black and white or colour � verbto make a copy of a document by using aphotocopierphotocopying

photocopying /�fəυtəυkɒpiŋ/ nounthe act of making photocopies � Photocop-ying costs are rising each year.photoengrave

photoengrave /�fəυtəυn|�"rev/ verbto make a photoengravingphotoengraverphotoengraver /�fəυtəυn |�"revə/noun a person who makes photoengravingsphotoengravingphotoengraving /�fəυtəυn|�"revŋ/noun 1. the process of preparing letterpressplates from illustrations 2. a halftoneproduced by photoengraving � The book isillustrated with ten photoengravings.

COMMENT: The term ‘engraving’ does notmean the same in printing as it does in fineart. In printing, photoengraving etches (withan acid) the non-printing surfaces, leavingthe top surface to carry the ink.Photoengraving can be used either forreproducing line drawings (where tones arerepresented by lines of ink) or halftones(where the tones are conveyed by manylittle dots of different sizes). On the otherhand, an artist engraves a plate by cuttingfine lines on it with a burin (a type of sharpneedle); the image is formed by putting inkinto the cut lines, wiping excess ink off thetop surface.

photograph

photograph /�fəυtə"rɑ�f/ noun apicture formed by exposing light-sensitivepaper to light using a camera � verb to takepictures on sensitive film, using a cameraphotographerphotographer /fə|�tɒ"rəfə/ noun aperson who takes photographsphotographer’s studio

photographer’s studio /fə|�tɒ"rəfəz�stju�diəυ/ noun same as film studio

photographicphotographic /�fəυtə|�"r�fk/ adjec-tive used to describe anything to do withphotography or photographsphotographicallyphotographically /�fəυtə |�"r�fkli/adverb using photography � The text filmcan be reproduced photographically.photographic paperphotographic paper /�fəυtə|�"r�fk�pepə/ noun paper used to print photo-graphsphotographic printphotographic print /�fəυtə|�"r�fk�prnt/ noun a photograph printed ontopaperphotographic studiophotographic studio /�fəυtə|�"r�fk�stju�diəυ/ noun a place where photo-graphs are made or where films are devel-oped and printedphotograph libraryphotograph library /�fəυtə"rɑ�f�labrəri/ noun a library of photographswhich can be borrowed and reproduced fora feephotographyphotography /fə|�tɒ"rəfi/ noun the artor skill of producing photographsincluding use of a camera and theprocessing of the filmsphotogravurephotogravure /�fəυtəυ"rə|�vjυə/ nouna printing method in which the paper ispressed directly onto the printing platephotolithographyphotolithography /�fəυtəυ |�l|

�θɒ"rəfi/, photolitho noun printing usinga lithographic printing plate prepared byphotographic methods and not by handphotomechanical transferphotomechanical transfer /�fəυtəυ |

m |k�nk(ə)l �tr�nsf!�/ noun 1. a printmade using photosensitive paper whichtransfers an image to another piece ofpaper, not using a negative. Abbr PMT(NOTE: US English is velox.) 2. a photo-graphic print made by this process (NOTE:The US term is velox)photomontagephotomontage /�fəυtəυ |�mɒntɑ��/noun a montage made of several photo-graphsphotopolymer platephotopolymer plate /�fəυtəυpɒlməplet/ noun a printing plate which has alayer of photosensitive plastic bonded to aflexible metal platephotopolymer resinphotopolymer resin /�fəυtəυpɒlmə�rezn/ noun photosensitive plastic mate-rial which coats a platephotoprintphotoprint /�fəυtəυprnt/ noun the finalproof of a typeset copyphotosensitivephotosensitive /�fəυtəυ|�senstv/adjective sensitive to lightphototextphototext /�fəυtəυtekst/ noun charac-ters and text produced by a phototypesetter


197 picture researcherphototypesetterphototypesetter /�fəυtəυ |�tapsetə/noun a person who works with a computerand light-sensitive film to produce textready for printing

COMMENT: The phototypesetter, rather likea large laser printer, normally uses thePostScript page description language andcan generate type at 2,540 dpi; if the deviceis capable of outputting text and half-toneimages, it is normally called an imagesetter.

phototypesettingphototypesetting /�fəυtəυ|�tapsetŋ/noun a method of typesetting that createscharacters using a computer and exposinga sensitive film in front of a maskcontaining the required character shape

COMMENT: This is the method by whichmost new publications are typeset,superseding metal type, since it produces agood quality result in a shorter time.

photounitphotounit /�fəυt�υju�nt/ noun the partof a phototypesetting machine in which theimage of the character is createdphysical mapphysical map /�fzk(ə)l m�p/ noun amap that shows the physical features of anarea such as mountains and riverspipi /pa/ verb US same as piepicapica /�pakə/ noun a measurement oftypeface equal to 12 pointpica empica em /�pakə em/ noun a measure ofwidth of type equivalent to 12 point or picapi characterspi characters /�pa �k�rktəz/ pluralnoun extra items not carried in the normaltype font, such as odd fractions or accents.Also called special sortspickpick /pk/ noun fibres pulled from thesurface of paper by tacky ink on theprinting platepickingpicking /�pkŋ/ noun the pulling offibres from the surface of paper as it isbeing printed, caused by poor papersurface or tacky ink on the plates. Alsocalled pluckingpicking listpicking list /�pkŋ lst/ noun a list ofitems in an order, but listed according towhere they can be found in the warehousepicking resistancepicking resistance /�pkŋ r |�zstəns/noun the ability of paper to withstandpickingpick uppick up /�pk ��p/ verb 1. to learn a skillor an idea easily 2. to improve � Theworking conditions for the library staffpicked up last month.PICSPICS /pks/ noun a file format used toimport a sequence of PICT files on anApple MacintoshPICTPICT /pkt/ noun on an Apple Macintosh,a graphics file format that stores images in

the QuickDraw vector format. Full formpicturepictogrampictogram, pictograph noun a littlepicture used to represent something

COMMENT: Pictograms are often used inguide books. A bath shows if the hotelbedrooms have baths; a knife and forkshows that there is a restaurant; a fishshows that fishing is allowed, etc.

pictorialpictorial /pk|�tɔ�riəl/ adjectiveexpressed in pictures � a pictorial recordof the Queen’s visit to Canadapicturepicture /�pktʃə/ noun a drawing,painting or photograph � verb to visualisean object or scene � Try to picture thelayout before starting to draw it in.picture agencypicture agency /�pktʃə �ed�ənsi/noun a company or ogranisation which hasa picture library and lends illustrations topublishers for a feepicture bookpicture book /�pktʃə bυk/ noun a bookwith a large number of illustrationspicture departmentpicture department /�pktʃə d|

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a department in apublisher’s office which looks for picturesto be used in bookspicture elementpicture element /�pktʃə �elmənt/noun full form of pixelpicture librarypicture library /�pktʃə �labrəri/ nouna storage system for pictures, which can beborrowed

‘The Google deal allows customers tobuy and rent selected video clips fromITN Archive, which contains 680,000hours of news footage. ITN wants todevelop its archive business. The modelwould be picture libraries such as USgroup Getty Images, whose annualturnover is £415 million.’ [The Mail onSunday]

picture pagespicture pages /�pktʃə �ped�z/ pluralnoun pages of a book or magazine whichhave illustrationspicture processingpicture processing /�pktʃə�prəυsesŋ/ noun analysis of the informa-tion contained in an image, usually bycomputer, providing recognition of objectsin the imagepicture researchpicture research /�pktʃə r |�s!�tʃ/noun the job of looking for pictures whichcan be used in something such as a book,magazine or TV documentarypicture researcherpicture researcher /�pktʃə r |�s!�tʃə/noun somebody who looks for picturesrelevant to a particular topic, so that theycan be used as illustrations in something


picture transmission 198

such as a book, newspaper or TVprogrammepicture transmissionpicture transmission /�pktʃə tr�nz|

�mʃ(ə)n/ noun the transmission of imagesover a telephone linepicturisation book rightspicturisation book rights/�pktʃərazeʃ(ə)n �bυk �rats/ pluralnoun the right to publish a book containingpictures or cartoons which have beenpublished separately in newspaperspiepie /pa/ verb to mix up loose type by acci-dent � The line was dropped and pied, sohad to be reset. (NOTE: The US term is pi.)piecepiece /pi�s/ noun a small part of some-thing � to sell something by the piece � Theprice is 25p the piece.piece accentpiece accent /pi�s ��ksənt/ noun afloating accentpiece fractionpiece fraction /�pi�s �fr�kʃən/ noun afraction made up of two small figures sepa-rated by a hyphenpiece fractionspiece fractions /�pi�s �fr�kʃ(ə)nz/plural noun commonly used fractions suchas ¼, ½, etc. which are available as a singlepiece of typepiece ratepiece rate /�pi�s ret/ noun a rate of paycalculated per unit produced or for a pieceof work done and not paid for at an hourlyratepieceworkpiecework /�pi�sw!�k/ noun work that ispaid for at a set rate per unit produced andnot at an hourly ratepie chartpie chart /�pa tʃɑ�t/ noun a statisticaldiagram where the ratios are shown assections of a circlepierced blockpierced block /�pəst �blɒk/ noun aletterpress block with a hole cut through it,leaving a large area of whitepi fontpi font /�pa fɒnt/ noun a font of pi char-acterspigmentpigment /�p"mənt/ noun the colouringsubstance in inkpigment foilspigment foils /�p"mənt fɔlz/ pluralnoun foils for blocking covers, which givea colour to the letters or designpinpin /pn/ noun a sharp piece of metal usedfor holding material or paper together �verb to attach with a pin � She pinned thepapers together. � Pin your cheque to theapplication form.pingping /pŋ/ noun the length of time, inmilliseconds, that it takes to send amessage to an intranet, Internet or webaddress and receive a reply � verb to senda packet of data to an intranet, Internet or

web address to check whether it is acces-sible or is respondingpin holepin hole /�pn həυl/ noun a defect inpaper in the form of a tiny holepin markpin mark /�pn mɑ�k/ noun a smalldepression on a piece of type, made by thepin which pushes the type out of the mouldpin registerpin register /�pn �red�stə/ noun amethod of aligning film, by using pins setin holes in the corners of each piece of filmpipe rollerpipe roller /�pap �rəυlə/ noun a rolleron a web press which turns freelypipingpiping /�papŋ/ noun small ridges whichoccur in paperPIRAPIRA /�parə/ noun a British organisationwhich does research into printing tech-niques and offers advice to membercompanies and training to their staff. Fullform Printing Industries ResearchAssociationpiracypiracy /�parəsi/ noun the act of illegallycopying a piece of work under copyrightPIRA SOATPIRA SOAT noun a test for the absorb-ency of paper, where a brass roll carrying adrop of liquid paraffin transfers some ofthe liquid to the paper

COMMENT: The PIRA SOAT method formeasuring surface oil absorption timerequires a brass roll carrying a drop of liquidparaffin to roll across the paper, transferringsome of the liquid to it. The time taken forthe paper to absorb 75% of the liquid is thesurface oil absorption time.

piratepirate /�parət/ verb to copy a patented orcopyright work and sell it without permis-sion � noun person who copies a patentedinvention or a copyright work and sells itwithout permission � a pirate copy of abook

COMMENT: The items most frequentlypirated are books which can easily beprinted from photocopied originals, musicfrom CDs, or computer programs which arerelatively simple to copy.

pitchpitch /ptʃ/ noun 1. the number of charac-ters that will fit into one inch of line, whenthe characters are typed in monospacing 2.a sticky substance in softwood, which ispresent in mechanical pulp and candamage the papermaking machinerypitch edgepitch edge /�ptʃ ed�/ noun the edge ofthe paper as it is fed into a printingmachinepitch markspitch marks /�ptʃ mɑ�ks/ plural nounlines drawn on cover material to allow it tobe placed quickly and correctly once theglue has been applied


199 plate proofpixpix /pks/ plural noun pictures used inadvertising or design (informal )pixelpixel /�pksəl/ noun the smallest unit ofdisplay on a computer screen whose colouror brightness can be controlled � Thepicture was made up of several hundredpixels of different colours. Full formpicture element

COMMENT: In high resolution displaysystems the colour or brightness of a singlepixel can be controlled; in low resolutionsystems a group of pixels are controlled atthe same time.

placeholder textplaceholder text /�pleshəυldə tekst/noun same as dummy textplagiariseplagiarise /�pled�əraz/, plagiarizeverb to copy somebody else’s work andpublish it as one’s ownplagiarismplagiarism /�pled�ərz(ə)m/ noun thepractice of copying and publishing some-body else’s work as one’s ownplagiaristplagiarist /�pled�ərst/ noun a personwho copies other people’s work withoutadmitting what they have doneplainplain /plen/ adjective simple � Thedesign of the cover is in plain blue andwhite squares. � We want the schooledition to have a plain design.plain-paper copierplain-paper copier /�plen �pepə�kɒpiə/ noun a photocopier which can useordinary paper such as headed stationery,and does not need special sensitised paperplain paragraphplain paragraph /�plen �p�rə"rɑ�f/noun a paragraph with the first lineindented and the rest full widthplaintextplaintext /�plen |�tekst/ noun a term usedin word processing to mean text that is inthe standard font for that documentwithout different types such boldface anditalicsplanplan /pl�n/ noun 1. a carefully workedout method of achieving objectives 2. amapplanchestplanchest /�pl�ntʃest/ noun a piece offurniture with wide flat drawers, in whichlarge plans or artwork can be keptplaneplane /plen/ verb to smooth a surface, orto reduce a surface by removing a thinlayer from it � noun one layer of an imagethat can be manipulated independentlywithin a graphics programplanerplaner /�plenə/ noun a wooden blockused to tap the metal type to fit it in placeplanningplanning /�pl�nŋ/ noun the process ofworking out in detail how to do somethingbefore starting to do it

planographic printing

planographic printing/�pl�nəυ"r�fk �prntŋ/ noun printingfrom a flat printing plate, in which the lineswhich produce the image are not raisedabove or sunk below the surface of theplate, but are greasy, so that the ink stayson the image and is repelled by the rest ofthe wet surface of the plateplant

plant /plɑ�nt/ noun 1. machinery 2. orig-inated material such as blocks or film,which belong to the publisherplant costs

plant costs /�plɑ�nt kɒsts/ plural nounthe one-off costs involved in producing abook, e.g. design, illustrations and typeset-ting (NOTE: Exactly what is included in theplant costs of a book tends to vary frompublisher to publisher.)Plantin

Plantin /�pl�ntn/ noun a popular type-face designed by Christopher Plantin in the15th centuryplastic comb binding

plastic comb binding /�pl�stkkəυm �bandŋ/ noun a mechanicalbinding process where separate sheets haveholes punched in them into which the teethof a plastic comb fitplastic wrapping

plastic wrapping /�pl�stk �r�pŋ/noun thin transparent plastic sheets used towrap magazines for distributionplate

plate /plet/ noun 1. an illustration in abook often on better-quality paper than thetext 2. a surface on which the text or imageto be printed is fixed

COMMENT: Printing plates are usually madefrom metal (sometimes plastic or paper),and can be flat or curved to fit round thecylinder. Photographic plates are now usedmainly in high quality, large-formatprofessional cameras while the mostpopular backing material is still acetate film.

plate camera

plate camera /�plet �k�m(ə)rə/ noun acamera that uses glass plates instead offilmplate cylinder

plate cylinder /�plet �slndə/ noun aheavy cylinder on which the plate is fixedin a printing pressplate-making

plate-making /�plet �mekŋ/ noun themaking of plates for printingplaten

platen /�plet(ə)n/ noun a roller whichsupports the paper in a printerplaten press

platen press /�plet(ə)n pres/ noun aletterpress printing machine where thepaper is placed on the type and a flat platepresses down on itplate proof

plate proof /�plet pru�f/ noun a prooftaken directly from the printing plate


plate slap 200plate slapplate slap /�plet sl�p/ noun the noisemade by a plate which does not fit tightlyaround the cylinderplatingplating /�pletŋ/ noun the act of fittingplates to the plate cylinderplating sequenceplating sequence /�pletŋ �si�kwəns/noun the order in which the plates are fixedto the cylinderplcplc abbreviation Public Limited Companyplotplot /plɒt/ verb to mark co-ordinates anddraw a graph using themplotterplotter /�plɒtə/ noun a computer devicethat draws straight lines between two co-ordinates

COMMENT: Plotters are used for graph anddiagram plotting and can plot curved linesas a number of short straight lines.

plotter driverplotter driver /�plɒtə �dravə/ noundedicated software that converts simpleinstructions issued by a user into complexcontrol instructions to direct the plotterplotter penplotter pen /�plɒtə pen/ noun an instru-ment used in a plotter to mark the paperwith ink as it moves over itplotting modeplotting mode /�plɒtŋ məυd/ noun theability of some word processors to producegraphs by printing a number of closelyspaced characters rather than individualpixelsploughplough /plaυ/ noun a hand cutter forcutting the edges of cased booksPLRPLR abbreviation LIBRARIES PublicLending Rightpluckingplucking /�pl�kŋ/ noun same as pickingplugplug /pl�"/ noun a device with metal pinswhich can be inserted into an electricalsocket to provide power for a machine �verb to publicise a product or event in orderto encourage people to buy or watch itplug compatibleplug compatible /�pl�" kəm |

�p�tb(ə)l/ adjective relating to acomputer or peripheral which can be usedwith another system simply by plugging itin with a special plugplusplus /pl�s/, plus sign /�pl�s san/ noun amathematical sign for addition (+)-ply-ply /pla/ suffix indicating the number oflayers of paper or board which are gluedtogether to give greater strengthPMAPMA abbreviation post mortem auctorisp-mailp-mail /�pi� �mel/ noun same as snailmailPMTPMT abbreviation photomechanicaltransferpocketpocket /�pɒkt/ noun 1. paper folded likean envelope and glued inside the cover of a

book to hold a map or other insert 2. a typeof envelope with a triangular flappocket atlaspocket atlas /�pɒkt ��tləs/ noun asmall atlas which can fit in the pocketpocket bookpocket book /�pɒkt bυk/ noun 1. asmall notepad which can be kept in thepocket 2. US a small paperbackpocket editionpocket edition /�pɒkt |�dʃ(ə)n/ nouna book small enough to be carried in apocketPODPOD abbreviation print on demandpoetrypoetry /�pəυtri/ noun imaginativewriting which is arranged in a particularpattern of lines and soundspointpoint /pɔnt/ noun 1. a place or positionin time � starting point 2. an idea oropinion � He made a good point in thediscussion.pointerpointer /�pɔntə/ noun a stick used toindicate somethingpoint of presencepoint of presence /�pɔnt əv�prezəns/ noun a location where a user canconnect to a network, e.g. a place wheresubscribers can dial in to an Internetservice provider. Abbr POPpoint of salepoint of sale /�pɔnt əv �sel/ noun theplace where things sold in a shop are paidfor. Abbr POS, p.o.s.point-of-sale materialpoint-of-sale material /�pɔnt əv �selmə |�təriəl/ noun marketing materialdisplayed in order to advertise a productwhere it is being sold, e.g. posters, dumpbins or spinners. Also called POS materialpoint-of-sale terminalpoint-of-sale terminal /�pɔnt əv �sel�t!�mn(ə)l/ noun a computer terminal at apoint of sale, used to provide detailedproduct information and connected to acentral computer to give immediate stockcontrol information. Also called POSterminalpoint sizepoint size /�pɔnt saz/ noun the size ofprinted letters

COMMENT: In the UK and the USA, pointsizes are based on the pica system; onepoint equals 0.3515mm (or 0.01384 inch);12 points being one sixth of an inch, or4.21mm or one pica em. In Europe, pointsize is based on the didot point: one pointequals 0.3759mm (or 0.0148 inch), and 12points are one cicero.

point to point protocolpoint to point protocol /�pɔnt tə�pɔnt �prəυtəkɒl/ noun full form of PPPpolished foilpolished foil /�pɒlʃt �fɔl/ noun a foilfor blocking book covers, giving a shinyfinish in many different colour shadespolythenepolythene /�pɒlθi�n/ noun a thin plasticfilm used for wrapping


201 post-bindingpolyurethane bindingpolyurethane binding/�pɒlijυərθen �bandŋ/ noun a strongadhesive binding used for heavy referencebooks offering good open-flat qualities.Abbr PURpolyvinyl acetatepolyvinyl acetate /�pɒlivɑnəl��stet/ noun a synthetic cold melt glueused in binding. Abbr PVAPOPPOP /pɒp/ abbreviation point of presencepopular dailiespopular dailies /�pɒpjυlə �deliz/plural noun daily papers published for themass market readershippopular editionpopular edition /�pɒpjυlə |�dʃ(ə)n/noun a book with poorer paper and alighter cover than the norm, sold at acheaper pricepopular pricespopular prices /�pɒpjυlə �prasz/plural noun prices which are low and there-fore likedpop-uppop-up /�pɒp �p/ adjective containingcut-out figures that rise up as a page isopened � noun a book or card that containspop-up figurespop-up bookpop-up book /�pɒp �p �bυk/ noun abook, usually for children, in which thepictures are cut out from the page so thatthey stand up when the book is opened(NOTE: Used mainly for children’s books,but also for some adult or more seriouseducational material.)pornographicpornographic /�pɔ�nə|�"r�fk/ adjec-tive aiming to arouse sexual excitementpornographypornography /pɔ�|�nɒ"rəfi/ noun publi-cations of an obscene nature, usually in asexual senseporosityporosity /pɔ� |�rɒsti/ noun the ability of amaterial to allow fluids to pass throughporousporous /�pɔ�rəs/ adjective allowingfluids to pass throughportport /pɔ�t/ noun a socket or other physicalconnection allowing data transfer betweena computer’s internal communicationschannel and another external deviceportableportable /�pɔ�təb(ə)l/ adjective easilycarried � noun an easily carried machinesuch as a small computer or televisionportable colour ductportable colour duct /�pɔ�təb(ə)l�k�lə �d�kt/ noun a device which can beattached to a printer to change the colour ofthe printing inkportalportal /�pɔ�t(ə)l/ noun a website thatprovides links to information and otherwebsitesportfolioportfolio /pɔ�t|�fəυliəυ/ noun 1. a collec-tion of original works 2. an area of respon-sibility held by a government minister 3. a

thin, flat case for carrying drawings andpapersportraitportrait /�pɔ�trt/ noun a painting,drawing or photograph of a personportrait formatportrait format /�pɔ�trt �fɔ�m�t/ nounvertical format with the height greater thanthe width, as opposed to landscape formatPOSPOS /pɒz/, p.o.s. abbreviation point ofsalepositionposition /pə|�zʃ(ə)n/ noun a person’s jobor status within a company � verb to placesomething somewhere � Position thisphotograph at the top right-hand corner ofthe page.positivepositive /�pɒztv/ adjective made froma negative, i.e. with the black showing asblack, or with the same colours as the orig-inal � noun film which shows the coloursas in the original. Compare negativepositive filmpositive film /�pɒztv flm/ noun filmmade from a negative, i.e. with the blackshowing as black, or with the same coloursas the originalpositive readingpositive reading /�pɒztv �ri�dŋ/adjective same as right-readingPOS materialPOS material /�pi� əυ �es mə|�təriəl/noun same as point-of-sale materialpost-post- /pəυst/ prefix combining withnouns, adjectives and dates to indicate thatsomething has happened after the statedtime � post-war � post-auditpostagepostage /�pəυstd�/ noun payment forsending a letter or parcel by postpostage paidpostage paid /�pəυstd� �ped/ adjec-tive words printed on an envelope to showthat the sender has paid the postage eventhough there is no stamp on itpostalpostal /�pəυst(ə)l/ adjective relating tothe post � noun a size of board which is notan ISO sizepostal chargespostal charges /�pəυst(ə)l �tʃɑ�d�z/,postal rates plural noun money to be paidfor sending letters or parcels by post �Postal charges are going up by 10% inSeptember.postal orderpostal order /�pəυst(ə)l �ɔ�də/ noun adocument bought at a post office, as amethod of paying small amounts of moneyby postpostal packetpostal packet /�pəυst(ə)l �p�kt/ nouna small container of goods sent by postpost-bindingpost-binding /�pəυst �bandŋ/ noun atype of loose-leaf binding using metalposts which pass through the holes in theleaves


postcard 202postcardpostcard /�pəυstkɑ�d/ noun a card,often with a picture on one side, which canbe written on and sent without an envelopepostcodepostcode /�pəυstkəυd/ noun a systemof letters and numbers used by the postoffice to identify towns and roads to aid thedelivery of letterspost-editingpost-editing /�pəυst �edtŋ/ noun theact of editing and modifying text after ithas been compiled or translated by amachineposterposter /�pəυstə/ noun a large notice oradvertisement stuck to a wall or board

COMMENT: The standard format for a singlesheet poster is double crown (30 x 20inches).

POS terminalPOS terminal /�pi� əυ �es �t!�mn(ə)l/noun same as point-of-sale terminalposter paperposter paper /�pəυstə �pepə/ nounpaper which is glossy on one side andrough on the otherposter stickposter stick /�pəυstə stk/ noun a largecomposing stick which can hold the largetype needed for printing postersposter typeposter type /�pəυstə tap/ noun verylarge typefaces used for posters, oftenmade of wooden blockspost-formatted

post-formatted /�pəυst �fɔ�m�td/adjective arranged into pages at theprinting stage rather than on screenposthumousposthumous /�pɒstjυməs/ adjectivepublished or printed after the author’sdeathposthumouslyposthumously /�pɒstjυməsli/ adverbafter a person’s death � His last novel waspublished posthumously.postingposting /�pəυstŋ/ noun a message sentto and displayed on an online facility suchas an Internet newsgroup or bulletin boardpost mortem auctorispost mortem auctoris /�pəυst�mɔ�tem ɔ�k|�tɔ�ri�s/ phrase a Latinphrase meaning ‘after the death of theauthor’, used in copyright law. Abbr PMApost officepost office /�pəυst �ɒfs/ noun anational organisation which controls thepostal services within a countryPost Office box number

Post Office box number /�pəυst �ɒfs�bɒks �n�mbə/ noun a reference numbergiven for delivering mail to a post office, soas not to give the actual address of theperson who will receive itpostpone

postpone /pəυst|�pəυn/ verb to rear-range for something to be done at a laterdate or time

postponementpostponement /pəυs|�pəυnmənt/ nounthe act of arranging for something to takeplace later than planned � I had to changemy appointments because of the postpone-ment of the meeting with the printers.postscriptpostscript /�pəυstskrpt/ noun an addi-tion to the end of something such as abook, story or documentPostScriptPostScript /�pəυstskrpt/ a trade namefor a standard page description languagedeveloped by Adobe Systems. PostScriptoffers flexible font sizing and positioningand it is most often used in DTP systems,high-quality laser printers and phototype-setters. � If you do a lot of DTP work, youwill benefit from a PostScript printer.potpot /pɒt/ noun a container for moltenmetal on a typecasting machinepotboilerpotboiler /�pɒtbɔlə/ noun a workwritten purely to earn money with noliterary meritpoundpound /paυnd/ noun 1. a measure ofweight equalling 0.45 kilos (NOTE: Usuallywritten lb after a figure: 25lb.) 2. moneyused in the UK and many other countriespound sterlingpound sterling /�paυnd �st!�lŋ/ nounan official term for the British currency. �

hash (NOTE: Usually written £ before afigure: £25. Note also that the pound signis used in the USA in place of the hashmark to avoid confusion in cases where thehash mark means ‘number’.)powderless etchingpowderless etching /�paυdələs�etʃŋ/ noun a method of etching blockswithout needing to use dragon’s blood,using magnesium alloy plates instead ofzinc, giving very fine lines. Also calledDow etchingpppp abbreviation pagesp.p.p.p. /�pi� �pi�/ verb � to p.p. a letter tosign a letter on behalf of somebody � Theassistant p.p.’d the letter while themanager was at lunch.ppmppm abbreviation pages per minutePPPPPP /�pi� pi� �pi�/ noun protocol thatallows a computer to use the TCP/IPprotocol over a telephone connection. Fullform point to point protocolPRPR abbreviation public relations � A PRfirm is handling all our publicity. � He isworking in PR. � The PR people gave away100,000 balloons.predesignedpredesigned /�pri�d|�zand/ adjectiveprovided to the customer already designed� There is a wide selection of predesigned


203 preprint

layouts to help you automatically formattypical business and technical documents.pre-editpre-edit /pri �edt/ verb to change textbefore it is run through a machine to makesure it is compatiblepref.pref. abbreviation prefaceprefacepreface /�prefəs/ noun an author’s notewhich comes before the introduction andafter any dedication � verb to write or saysomething before the main part of a text �He prefaced his article with a quotationfrom Dickens.

COMMENT: A preface is usually written bythe author, and explains briefly why thebook has been written and who the readersare expected to be. A foreword, on the otherhand, can be written by the author, but ismore usually by another person, often afamous person whose name might beexpected to increase the sales of the book.

prefatory noteprefatory note /�pref�t(ə)ri nəυt/noun a note addressed to the reader, printedat the beginning of a bookpreferred positionpreferred position /pr|�f!�d pə|

�zʃ(ə)n/ noun a position for an advertise-ment in a magazine, which is particularlyasked for by the advertiserprefixprefix /�pri�fks/ noun a word or lettersadded to the front of another word, whichcan change its meaning, e.g. in ‘undone’,‘misread’prejudiceprejudice /�pred�υds/ noun an unfairand often negative feeling based on incom-plete knowledge and information � verb toharm somebody’s claimprekeyprekey /pri� |�ki�/ verb to keyboard a textbefore sending it for typesettingpreliminarypreliminary /pr |�lmn(ə)ri/ adjectiveearly or happening before anything elsepreliminary discussionpreliminary discussion /pr|

�lmn(ə)ri d |�sk�ʃ(ə)n/, preliminarymeeting noun a discussion or meetingwhich takes place before the main discus-sion or meeting startsprelimsprelims /�pri�lmz/ plural noun the initialpages of a book, including the title pageand table of contents, which precede themain text. Also called front matter

COMMENT: The prelims occupy severalpages. They will normally include a half title,the title page, the title page verso withbibliographical details, a contents page,and list of illustrations, preface, introductionand acknowledgements. They may alsoinclude a list of books by the same author(on the blank page facing the title page orhalf-title), a frontispiece (illustration facingthe title page), etc. The prelims are usuallynumbered in Roman figures (i, ii, iii, etc.)and these numbers do not count towards

the page numbers of the text. A cataloguemight note that a book has 24pp prelimsand 222pp text. In British and Americanbooks the printer’s imprint appears on thebibliographical page following the title page.

pre-make-ready workpre-make-ready work /�pri� �mek�redi �w!�k/ noun 1. a routine in acomposing room to prepare a forme beforemaking ready on a letterpress machine 2.preparation of an offset machine forprinting, including plate-makingpremium bookpremium book /�pri�miəm bυk/ noun abook offered as a gift to subscribers toanother book or series of books, or offeredat a very cheap price as an incentive tomembers of a book clubprepackprepack /pri� |�p�k/, prepackage /pri�|

�p�kd�/ verb to pack something beforeputting it on sale � The guides areprepacked in a plastic display stand.prepaidprepaid /pri�|�ped/ adjective paid for inadvance of deliveryprepaid reply cardprepaid reply card /�pri�ped r|�plakɑ�d/ noun a stamped addressed cardwhich is sent to somebody so that they canreply without paying the postagepreparationpreparation /�prepə|�reʃ(ə)n/ nounwork done beforehand in order to be readyfor something � They made careful prepa-ration for the open day. � in preparationbeing preparedprepayprepay /pri�|�pe/ verb to pay in advanceprepaymentprepayment /pri�|�pemənt/ nounpayment in advance � to ask for prepay-ment of a fee to ask for the fee to be paidbefore the work is donepre-presspre-press /�pri� �pres/ adjective beforegoing to presspre-press costspre-press costs /�pri� pres �kɒsts/plural noun the costs of preparing a book ormagazine up to the camera-ready copy orfilm stagepre-press proofpre-press proof /�pri� pres �pru�f/noun a proof made from the film, beforeprinting startspre-press workpre-press work /pri� �pres w!�k/ nounthe process of preparing an offset machinefor printing, including plate-making andmaking ready. Also called pre-make-ready workpreprintpreprint /�pri�prnt/ noun 1. a smallsection of a book printed before the restand sent out in advance as publicity matter2. printed material which is then over-printed, such as colour sections withouttext � verb to print something before therest of the job


preprinted cover 204preprinted coverpreprinted cover /pri�|�prntd �k�və/noun a cover which is printed in advance ofthe main binding, e.g. to be used fordisplay purposes or for reps to usepreprinted stationerypreprinted stationery /pri |�prntd�steʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ noun stationery which hasalready been printed with the company’slogo and address at the head or footprepublicationprepublication /pri�|�p�bl |�keʃ(ə)n/adjective relating to or occurring in theperiod before a book or other work ispublishedprepublication advertisingprepublication advertising /pri�|

�p�blikleʃ(ə)n ��dvətazŋ/ noun adver-tising carried out before the publication ofa bookprepublication salesprepublication sales /pri�|

�p�blikleʃ(ə)n �selz/ plural noun saleswhich are recorded before the publicationof a bookprepublication sellingprepublication selling /pri�|

�p�blikleʃ(ə)n �selŋ/ noun same asadvance sellingprescribed textprescribed text /pr |�skrabd �tekst/noun an educational book which has beenlisted as required for a course of study orfor an exampresellpresell /�pri� �sel/ verb to sell a bookbefore its official publication datepresensitisedpresensitised /pri�|�senstazd/,presensitized adjective with a sensitivecoating ready for processingpresentationpresentation /�prez(ə)n |�teʃ(ə)n/ nouna talk about a specific subject given toprovide informationpresentation copypresentation copy /�prez(ə)n|

�teʃ(ə)n �kɒpi/ noun a copy of a bookeither in special binding or with a specialinscription, which is given to somebody atan official ceremonypresentation visualspresentation visuals /�prez(ə)n|

�teʃ(ə)n �v�υəlz/ plural noun artworkwhich is used in a presentation, to showwhat the finished work will look likepreseparated filespreseparated files /pri� |�sepəretd�falz/ plural noun digital files of the sepa-rations of a piece of artwork, each one ofwhich is stored individually. Comparecomposite separationspresetpreset /pri�|�set/ verb to set something inadvance � The printer was preset with newpage parameters.pre-shrunk packagingpre-shrunk packaging /�pri� ʃr�ŋk�p�kd�ŋ/ noun US same as shrink-packaging

presspress /pres/ noun 1. the act or method ofprinting � gone to press � the press news-papers and magazines � There was nomention of the new product in the press. �We plan to give the product a lot of presspublicity. � the local press newspaperswhich are sold in a small area of thecountry � the national press newspaperswhich sell in all parts of the country � Thenew car has been advertised in thenational press. 2. a device used in printingwhich pushes paper onto the inked metaltype � verb 1. to push down on paper in apress to make it flat 2. to print using a press3. to put pressure on something � Press thebutton to make it work. 4. to try to persuadesomebody to do or say somethingpress agencypress agency /�pres �ed�ənsi/ noun acompany that sells news items and featuresto newspapers and journalistspress agentpress agent /�pres �ed�ənt/ noun aperson who looks after the publicity for anauthor, entertainer or other famous personpress conferencepress conference /�pres�kɒnf(ə)rəns/ noun a meeting at whichreporters from newspapers are invited tohear news of an important event or personand ask questionspress copiespress copies /�pres kɒpi�z/ plural nouncopies of a new book which are sent tonewspaperspress costspress costs /�pres kɒsts/ plural nounprinting costs, including making plates,paper, machining and bindingpress coveragepress coverage /�pres �k�v(ə)rd�/noun the amount of space or time given innewspapers or TV and radio news bulletinsto one topicpress cutting agencypress cutting agency /�pres �k�tŋ�ed�ənsi/, press cutting service noun acompany that cuts out references to a clientfrom newspapers and magazines and sendsthem on to the clientpress cuttingspress cuttings /�pres �k�tŋz/ pluralnoun references to a client or person orproduct cut out of newspapers or maga-zinespress datepress date /�pres det/ noun the date onwhich a book or magazine is printedpressingpressing /�presŋ/ noun the act of flat-tening printed signaturespressing boardspressing boards /�presŋ bɔ�dz/ pluralnoun stiff cardboard plates between whichthe printed pages are pressed to flattenthem before going for binding


205 print buyerpresspahn hollowpresspahn hollow /�presp�n �hɒləυ/noun a type of hollow used in the spine ofcased bookspress proofspress proofs /�pres pru�fs/ plural nounfinal proofs which are run off just beforethe printing run startspress releasepress release /�pres r |�li�s/ noun 1. astatement given by an organisation to themedia to explain a situation from theirpoint of view 2. same as news releasepress rollspress rolls /�pres rəυlz/ plural nounheavy rollers which crush the paper as it isgoing through the papermaking processpressroompressroom /�presru�m/ noun part of aprinting works where the printing is actu-ally carried outpressrunpressrun /�presr�n/ noun US thenumber of books printed at one time (NOTE:The UK term is print run.)pressworkpresswork /�presw!�k/ noun the workof carrying out a printing job, whether it isprinting leaflets or posters, or a multi-volume reference work in full colourpreviewpreview /�pri�vju�/ verb to display text orgraphics on a screen as it will appear whenit is printed outpreviewerpreviewer /�pri�vju�ə/ noun a featurethat allows a user to see on screen what apage will look like when printed � Thebuilt-in previewer allows the user to checkfor mistakes.preview screenpreview screen /�pri�vju� skri�n/ nouna screen on which text or graphics can bepreviewedpriceprice /pras/ noun the amount of moneyneeded to buy an item � verb to give a priceto a productprice controlprice control /�pras kən|�trəυl/ nounlegal measures to stop prices rising too fastprice cuttingprice cutting /�pras �k�tŋ/ noun asudden lowering of pricesprice differentialprice differential /�pras dfə|�renʃəl/noun the difference in price between prod-ucts in a rangeprice ex factoryprice ex factory /�pras eks �f�kt(ə)ri/noun same as factory priceprice ex warehouseprice ex warehouse /�pras eks�weəhaυs/ noun the price for a productwhich is to be collected from the manufac-turer’s or agent’s warehouse and so doesnot include deliveryprice ex worksprice ex works /�pras eks �w!�ks/,price ex factory noun a price for a productnot including transport from the maker’sfactory

price fixingprice fixing /�pras �fksŋ/ noun anillegal agreement between companies tocharge the same price for competing prod-uctsprice listprice list /�pras lst/ noun a list of theprices of everything in stockprice rangeprice range /�pras rend�/ noun aseries of prices for similar products fromdifferent suppliersprice-sensitive productprice-sensitive product /�pras�sensətv/ noun a product which will sellless if the price is increasedprice warprice war /�pras wɔ�/ noun competitionbetween companies to get a larger marketshare by cutting pricespricing policypricing policy /�prasŋ �pɒlisi/ noun acompany’s policy in giving prices to itsproducts � Our pricing policy aims atproducing a 35% gross margin.primary coloursprimary colours /�praməri �k�ləz/plural noun the three primary colourswhich make white light, or the threeprocess colours used, with black, in four-colour process work. Also called colourprimariesprimary publishingprimary publishing /�praməri�p�blʃŋ/ noun the publishing of schoolbooks for use in primary schoolsprimary school textbookprimary school textbook /�pramərisku�l �tekstbυk/ noun a textbook used inschools teaching children up to about 11years oldprimerprimer /�pramə/ noun 1. a simpleinstruction book or manual 2. a basic orsimple school book for childrenprintprint /prnt/ verb 1. to produce a book,magazine, newspaper or leaflet by amechanical process 2. � to print to paperto print as many copies as there is paperavailable, rather than asking for a precisenumber of copies which might be uneco-nomical � noun 1. words made on paperwith a machine � You get clearer print froma daisy-wheel printer than from a lineprinter. 2. a printed copy of an etching,etc., made from a film or plate � Hecollects 18th-century prints. � The office isdecorated with Japanese prints. 3. a posi-tive photographic image in which black isblack and white is white. Compare nega-tiveprintableprintable /�prntəb(ə)l/ adjective able tobe printed onprint buyerprint buyer /�prnt �baə/ noun a personin the production department of a


print buying 206

publishing company whose job is to placeorders with printersprint buyingprint buying /�prnt �baŋ/ noun thejob of placing orders for printing andbindingprint contrast ratioprint contrast ratio /�prnt �kɒntrɑ�st�reʃiəυ/ noun the difference between thebrightest and darkest areas of an imageprint control characterprint control character /prnt kən|

�trəυl/ noun a special character whichdirects a printer to perform an action orfunction such as changing the font, ratherthan print a characterprinted ephemeraprinted ephemera /�prntd |�femərə/plural noun items such as theatreprogrammes, leaflets and advertising flierswhich would normally be read and thrownawayprinted head-to-headprinted head-to-head /�prntd hedtə �hed/ adjective relating to a method ofprinting where two copies are printed fromthe same sheet, with the heads of the twobooks together. � coming-and-going, foreand aft, two-upprinted head-to-tailprinted head-to-tail /�prntd hed tə�hed/ adjective relating to a method ofprinting where two copies are printed fromthe same sheet, with the head of oneconnecting with the bottom edge of theother. � coming-and-going, fore and aft,two-upprinted indexprinted index /�prntd �ndeks/ nounan alphabetical list of words used in a textprinted matterprinted matter /�prntd �m�tə/ nounanything that is printed and can be readprinterprinter /�prntə/ noun 1. a machine thatconverts electronic data into readable formon paper 2. a person or company that printsbooks, newspapers or other printed matterprinter bufferprinter buffer /�prntə �b�fə/ noun atemporary store for character data waitingto be printed, used to free the computerbefore the printing is completed so makingthe operation fasterprinter control charactersprinter control characters /�prntəkən|�trəυl �k�rktəz/ plural nouncommand characters in a text whichtransmit printing commands to a printerprinter driverprinter driver /�prntə �dravə/ noundedicated software that converts andformats the user’s commands ready for aprinterprinter-plotterprinter-plotter /�prntə �plɒtə/ noun ahigh-resolution printer that is able tooperate as a low-resolution plotter

printer qualityprinter quality /�prntə �kwɒlti/ adjec-tive relating to the standard of printed textfrom a particular printerprinter’s correctionsprinter’s corrections /�prntəz kə|

�rekʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun corrections notedby the printer’s reader on the top copy ofthe proofs before the proofs are sent to thepublisherprinter’s devilprinter’s devil /�prntəz �devl/ nounan apprentice or young helper in a printingworkshopprinter’s errorprinter’s error /�prntəz �erə/ noun amistake made by the printer, usually anerror in typesetting. Abbr PEprinter’s flowersprinter’s flowers /�prntəz �flaυəz/plural noun ornaments available in metaltype or transfer lettering. Also calledflowersprinter’s imprintprinter’s imprint /�prntəz �mprnt/noun a special mention of the name andaddress of the printer on the inside of abook or periodicalprinter’s pieprinter’s pie /�prntəz pa/ noun typewhich has become mixed up and is mean-inglessprint formatterprint formatter /�prnt �fɔ�m�tə/ nounsoftware that converts embedded codesand print commands to printer controlsignalsprintheadprinthead /�prnthed/ noun a metalform of a character that is pressed onto aninked ribbon to print the character on paperprintingprinting /�prntŋ/ noun 1. the art ofprinting books or magazines, includingtypesetting, etc. � She is studying printingat college. 2. the quantity of copies of abook printed at the same time � The secondprinting has sold out and a third has beenordered.printing cylinderprinting cylinder /�prntŋ �slndə/noun a cylinder on a press which carriesthe printing plateprinting downprinting down /�prntŋ �daυn/ nounpreparation of a printing plate by exposingit to a prepared film in a printing-downframe, and subjecting it to lightprinting-down frameprinting-down frame /�prntŋ daυn�frem/ noun a vacuum frame used forprinting down when making a plate from afilmprinting historyprinting history /�prntŋ �hst(ə)ri/noun details of the printing of a book suchas the date of the original printing anddates of reprints, usually listed on the bibli-ographic page after the title page


207 private pressprinting houseprinting house /�prntŋ haυs/ noun acompany which does printingPrinting Industries Research AssociationPrinting Industries ResearchAssociation /�prntŋ �ndυstri�z r|

�s!�tʃ ə|�səυsieʃ(ə)n/ noun full form ofPIRAprinting inkprinting ink /�prntŋ ŋk/ noun 1. inkmade from carbon mixed with oil, used inprinting 2. a type of ink only used inprintingprinting orderprinting order /�prntŋ �ɔ�də/ noun anorder from a publisher to a printer to printa particular number of copies of a bookprinting papersprinting papers /�prntŋ �pepəz/,printings plural noun types of paper whichcan be used for printingprinting pressprinting press /�prntŋ pres/ noun amachine which presses paper onto typeand prints textprinting processprinting process /�prntŋ �prəυses/noun any method of printing, e.g. letter-press, litho, gravure, screenprinting andflexographyprinting sequenceprinting sequence /�prntŋ�si�kwəns/ noun the order in which thefour colours are printed in four-colourworkprinting tradeprinting trade /�prntŋ tred/ nouncommercial activities involved in printingbooks, newspapers, ephemera, etc.printing worksprinting works /�prntŋ w!�ks/ pluralnoun a factory where books or newspapersare printed. Also called print worksprint lifeprint life /�prnt laf/ noun the number ofcharacters a component can print beforeneeding to be replaced � The printhead hasa print life of over 400 million characters.printmakingprintmaking /�prntmekŋ/ noun theprinting of art prints such as lithographs,etchings and linocutsprint mediaprint media /�prnt �mi�diə/ noun news-papers, books, journals, magazines, leaf-lets etc which carry print in a hard copyformatprint modifiersprint modifiers /�prnt �mɒdfaəz/plural noun codes in a document that causea printer to change mode, e.g. from bold toitalicprint numberprint number /�prnt �n�mbə/ noun thenumber of copies of a book which areprinted at one timeprint on demandprint on demand /�prnt ɒn d|�mɑ�nd/noun the facility to print and bind a smallnumber of books at short notice, withoutthe need for a large print run, using digitaltechnology. Abbr POD

print orderprint order /�prnt �ɔ�də/ noun an orderfrom a customer asking a printer to printsomething, specifying quantity, paper,binding, etc.print outprint out /�prnt �aυt/ verb to print infor-mation from a computer through a printerprintoutprintout /�prntaυt/ noun a hard copy ofa computer fileprint pauseprint pause /�prnt �pɔ�z/ noun an act oftemporarily stopping a printer whileprinting, e.g. to change paperprint runprint run /�prnt r�n/ noun the numberof copies of a book which are printed atone timeprintshopprintshop /�prntʃɒp/ noun a shopwhere jobbing printing takes placeprint styleprint style /�prnt stal/ noun the type-face and fonts used in any particular docu-mentprintwheelprintwheel /�prntwi�l/ noun a wheelmade up of a number of arms, with a char-acter at the end of each arm, used in adaisy-wheel printerprint worksprint works /�prnt w!�ks/ plural nounsame as printing worksprivacy of informationprivacy of information /�prvəsi əv�nfə|�meʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of keepingdocuments secret so that only authorisedpeople are allowed to read them

‘New rules for a passenger datacollection scheme operated by USauthorities may carry a nasty sting fortravellers. The scheme – AdvancePassenger Information System (Apis) –threatens to cause big delays at check-inand raises ethical questions about apassenger’s right to privacy ofinformation.’ [Financial Times]

privateprivate /�pravət/ adjective for the use ofone person or group only � letter marked‘private and confidential’ a letter thatmust not be opened by anyone other thanthe person it is addressed toprivate limited companyprivate limited company /�pravət�lmtd �k�mp(ə)ni/ noun a companywith a small number of shareholders,whose shares are not traded on the StockExchangeprivately printed bookprivately printed book /�pravətli�prntd �bυk/ noun a book printed by aprivate pressprivately published bookprivately published book /�pravətli�p�blʃt �bυk/ noun a book that has beenprinted at the author’s expenseprivate pressprivate press /�pravət pres/ noun aprinting press which prints limited


pro 208

numbers of handset books, and sells themto collectorspropro /prəυ/ preposition forprocess cameraprocess camera /�prəυses �k�m(ə)rə/noun a camera designed for the stagesrequired in preparing illustrations forprinting, such as tone and colour separa-tionprocess colour printingprocess colour printing /�prəυses�k�lə �prntŋ/ noun the printing of colourplates using four-colour plates, one foreach process colourprocess coloursprocess colours /�prəυses �k�ləz/plural noun the colours cyan, magenta andyellow which are used together with blackto produce all the other colours needed incolour printing. � additive colours,subtractive coloursprocessingprocessing /�prəυsesŋ/ noun 1. the actof developing and printing a film 2. thesorting of informationprocessorprocessor /�prəυsesə/ noun a computerthat is able to manipulate data according togiven instructions. � word processorprocess platesprocess plates /�prəυses plets/ pluralnoun colour plates used in four-colourprintingprocess whiteprocess white /�prəυses wat/ noun atype of white paint used to cover unwantedblock lines on artwork, which does notshow when photographedprocess workprocess work /�prəυses w!�k/ nounprinting in four coloursproductproduct /�prɒd�kt/ noun 1. somethingthat is made to be sold often in large quan-tities 2. the result of previous actions ordiscussionsproduct advertisingproduct advertising /�prɒd�kt��dvətazŋ/ noun the advertising of aparticular named product, not the companywhich makes itproduct analysisproduct analysis /�prɒd�kt ə |

�n�ləss/ noun examination of each sepa-rate product in a company’s range to seewhy it sells or who buys it, etc.product designproduct design /�prɒd�kt d |�zan/noun the design of consumer productsproduct developmentproduct development /�prɒd�kt d|

�veləpmənt/ noun the process ofimproving a product to meet the needs ofthe marketproduct engineerproduct engineer /�prɒd�kt �end�|

�nə/ noun an engineer in charge of theequipment for making a product

productionproduction /prə |�d�kʃən/ noun 1. thecreation of something 2. same as produc-tion departmentproduction and progress recordproduction and progress record/prə |�d�kʃən ən �prəυ"res �rekɔ�d/ nouna record kept giving details of the produc-tion of a bookproduction budgetproduction budget /prə |�d�kʃən�b�d�t/ noun a plan of expected expendi-ture on productionproduction controllerproduction controller /prə |�d�kʃənkən |�trəυlə/ noun a person in the produc-tion department of a publishing companywho deals with printers and other suppliersproduction costproduction cost /prə|�d�kʃən kɒst/noun the cost of making a productproduction departmentproduction department /prə |�d�kʃənd |�pɑ�tmənt/ noun the section of acompany which deals with the physicalmanufacture of the company’s products,e.g. in a publishing company the depart-ment dealing with typesetting, paperbuying, printing and bindingproduction editorproduction editor /prə|�d�kʃən �edtə/noun a person in a production departmentwho also undertakes editorial workproduction ledgerproduction ledger /prə |�d�kʃən�led�ə/ noun an accounts ledger where apublisher keeps note of all production costsincurred in making a book, from origina-tion to bound booksproduction managerproduction manager /prə |�d�kʃən�m�nd�ə/ noun a person in charge of theproduction departmentproduction rateproduction rate /prə |�d�kʃ(ə)n ret/noun the speed at which items such asbooks or CDs are made. Also called rate ofproductionproduction scheduleproduction schedule /prə |�d�kʃən�ʃedju�l/ noun a list of dates for all theproduction processes of a book, e.g.sending copy to the typesetter, layouts,proofing and cover workproduction standardsproduction standards /prə |�d�kʃən�st�ndədz/, production values /prə|

�d�kʃən �v�lju�z/ plural noun the qualityof the materials and methods used inproductionproduction unitproduction unit /prə|�d�kʃən �ju�nt/noun a separate small group of employeesproducing a certain productproduct lineproduct line /�prɒd�kt lan/, productrange /�prɒd�kt rend�/ noun a series ofdifferent products made by the samecompany which form a group, such as cars


209 project manager

in different models or pens in differentcoloursproduct managementproduct management /�prɒd�kt�m�nd�mənt/ noun the job of directingthe making and selling of a product as anindependent itemproduct mixproduct mix /�prɒd�kt mks/ noun theparticular combination of products madeby the same companyprofessionprofession /prə|�feʃ(ə)n/ noun a job thatrequires advanced education or trainingprofessionalprofessional /prə |�feʃ(ə)nəl/ adjective1. relating to work requiring a high level oftraining and done to a high standard 2.done for money rather than as a hobbyprofessional and reference publishingprofessional and referencepublishing /prə|�feʃ(ə)nəl ən�ref(ə)rəns �p�blʃŋ/ noun the publishingof special books for the professions andalso reference titlesprofessional publishingprofessional publishing /prə|

�feʃ(ə)nəl �p�blʃŋ/ noun the publishingof books on law, accountancy and otherprofessionsprofessional qualificationprofessional qualification /prə|

�feʃ(ə)nəl �kwɒlf |�keʃ(ə)n/ noun adocument showing that somebody hassuccessfully finished a course of studyprofileprofile /�prəυfal/ noun a brief descrip-tion of something such as an author or acompany � We always try to include aprofile of the author on the advance infor-mation sheet.profit and loss accountprofit and loss account /�prɒft ən�lɒs ə|�kaυnt/ noun the accounts for acompany, with expenditure and incomebalanced to show a final profit or lossprofit centreprofit centre /�prɒft �sentə/ noun aperson or department which is consideredseparately for the purposes of calculating aprofitprogramprogram /�prəυ"r�m/ noun a set ofinstructions for a computer � verb to writea program for a computerprogrammed learningprogrammed learning /�prəυ"r�md�l!�nŋ/ noun a learning method based onself-instructional materials that aredesigned to allow pupils to progress at theirown pace, step by step, through structuredsequencesprogrammerprogrammer /�prəυ"r�mə/ noun aperson who designs and writes instructionsfor a computerprogramming engineerprogramming engineer/�prəυ"r�mŋ �end�nə/ noun an engi-

neer in charge of programming a computersystemprogramming languageprogramming language/�prəυ"r�mŋ �l�ŋ"wd�/ noun softwarethat allows somebody to write instructionsfor a computer which it can then translateinto a workable program

COMMENT: Programming languages aregrouped into different levels: the high-levellanguages such as BASIC and PASCALare easy to understand and use, but offerslow execution time since each instructionis made up of a number of machine codeinstructions; low-level languages such asASSEMBLER are more complex to readand program in but offer faster executiontime.

progressprogress /prə |�"res/ noun movement ofwork forward � to report on the progress ofthe workprogress cardprogress card /�prəυ"res kɑ�d/ noun acard or sheet on which details of a job’sprogress can be keptprogress chaserprogress chaser /�prəυ"res �tʃesə/noun a person whose job is to check thatwork is being carried out on schedule orthat orders are being fulfilled on timeprogressive proofsprogressive proofs /prə |�"resvpru�fs/, progressives, progs plural nouna set of colour proofs from process colourprinting, showing first one colour, thenwith the second added, and so on until thewhole colour illustration is shown,presented in this way so that the publisherand printer can check each colourprogress reportprogress report /�prəυ"res r |�pɔ�t/noun a document that describes whatprogress has been madeprojectproject /�prɒd�ekt/ noun 1. a detailedstudy of a subject written up by a student 2.a planned course of action � The companyhas several exciting reference projectslined up for the new year.project analysisproject analysis /�prɒd�ekt ə|

�n�ləss/ noun examination of all the costsor problems of a project before work on itis startedprojected salesprojected sales /prə|�d�ektd �selz/plural noun a forecast of sales � Projectedsales in Europe next year should be over£1m.projectionprojection /prə|�d�ekʃən/ noun a fore-cast of a future amount from a set of dataproject managerproject manager /�prɒd�ekt�m�nd�ə/ noun the person in charge ofthe scheduling, resources and processes ofa project


promote 210promotepromote /prə|�məυt/ verb 1. to advancesomebody to a higher position within anorganisation 2. to encourage something todevelop or succeedpromotionpromotion /prə|�məυʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. theact of upgrading somebody to a higherposition 2. a marketing activity to persuadepeople to buy goods or use a service � Thelibrary had a special children’s bookpromotion during the school holidays.promotionalpromotional /prə|�məυʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adjec-tive used in an advertising campaign � Theadmen are using balloons as promotionalmaterial.promotional bookpromotional book /prə |�məυʃ(ə)n(ə)lbυk/ noun US a cheap, highly illustratedbook, similar to a coffee table book, butsold at a bargain pricepromotional budgetpromotional budget /prə|

�məυʃ(ə)n(ə)l �b�d�t/ noun the forecastcost of promoting a new productpromotional materialpromotional material /prə|

�məυʃ(ə)nəl mə |�təriəl/ noun items suchas posters and carrier bags which are usedto publicise a bookpromotion copiespromotion copies /prə|�məυʃ(ə)n�kɒpi�z/ plural noun free copies of anunpublished book given to salespeople andthe publicity department to use in presel-ling the bookpromptprompt /prɒmpt/ noun a symbol on acomputer screen to remind the user to dosomethingproofproof /pru�f/ noun 1. facts or evidence toshow that something is true 2. a sampleprinted page made from type, for approvalbefore mass printing � verb 1. to makeproofs of a text � The corrected text hasgone for proofing. 2. same as proofread-proof-proof /pru�f/ suffix added to nouns toshow that something cannot be damaged �The table surface was heatproof so hotpans could be put on it.proof copyproof copy /�pru�f �kɒpi/ noun pageproofs of a book, bound in a paper cover,used for publicity purposesproof correction marksproof correction marks /�pru�f kə|

�rekʃ(ə)n �mɑ�ks/ plural noun marks usedto indicate changes on proofs such as dele-tions, additions or more spaceproof correctionsproof corrections /�pru�f kə |

�rekʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun changes made tothe text, layout or illustrations on proofsprooferproofer /�pru�fə/ noun a machine whichproduces proofs, as opposed to finished

printed pages � output devices such aslaser proofers and typesettersproofingproofing /�pru�fŋ/ noun 1. the produc-tion of proofs of a book, which then have tobe read and corrected 2. same as proof-reading

COMMENT: The stages of proofing aregalley proofs, page on galley (where thepages are indicated, but the proofs are stillprinted on long pieces of paper) and pageproofs. It is usual to miss out some of thesestages, and many books are proofed inpages from the start. Proofs from film are inthe form of ozalids, blues, diazos, etc.

proofing pressproofing press /�pru�fŋ pres/, proofpress noun a special press used only toproduce proofsproofreadproofread /�pru�fri�d/ verb to read a textand mark any errors for correction before itis printedproofreaderproofreader /�pru�fri�də/ noun a personwhose job is to proofread textsproofreadingproofreading /�pru�fri�dŋ/ noun astage in the production process, wherereaders and the author read the proofs andmark correctionsproof roomproof room /�pru�f ru�m/ noun a placein a print works where proofs are madeproportionproportion /prə|�pɔ�ʃ(ə)n/ noun the size,shape and position of something comparedto other parts of the wholeproportional spacingproportional spacing /prə|�pɔ�ʃ(ə)nəl�spesŋ/ noun a printing system whereeach letter takes the space proportional tothe character width, so ‘m’ takes morespace than ‘i’proposalproposal /prə |�pəυz(ə)l/ noun a sugges-tion or plan, often written down and putforward as a discussion documentpro ratapro rata /�prəυ �rɑ�tə/ adjective, adverba Latin phrase meaning ‘for the rate’: at arate which varies according to the size orimportance of somethingproseprose /prəυz/ noun text that is not verse,as e.g. in a novelprospectusprospectus /prə|�spektəs/ noun a docu-ment produced by an academic institutiongiving details about it for the informationof potential studentsprotectprotect /prə|�tekt/ verb to keep some-thing safe and free from damageprotectionprotection /prə|�tekʃən/ noun the act ofkeeping something free from harm ordamageprotectiveprotective /prə|�tektv/ adjectivedesigned to keep things free from harm or


211 publicity campaign

damage � The books were covered inprotective plastic.protective coverprotective cover /prə|�tektv �k�və/noun a cover which protects a machineprotective tariffprotective tariff /prə |�tektv �t�rf/noun a tariff which tries to ban imports tostop them competing with local productspro tempro tem /�prəυ �tem/ adjective for thetime being or temporarilyprotestprotest /�prəυtest/ noun a statement oraction to show that you do not approve ofsomething � to make a protest against highpricesprotest literatureprotest literature /�prəυtest�lt(ə)rətʃə/ noun literature written andpublished to protest against something,usually a political situationprotocolprotocol /�prəυtəkɒl/ noun 1. a set ofrules allowing unrelated informationsystems to communicate with each other 2.a system of rules about the correct way tobehave in formal situationsprotocol converterprotocol converter /�prəυtəkɒl kən |

�v!�tə/ noun a device used for convertingprotocols from one computer system toanother, e.g. for converting data from amicrocomputer to a phototypesetterprotocol standardsprotocol standards /�prəυtəυkɒl�st�ndədz/ plural noun standards laiddown to allow data exchange between anycomputer system conforming to thestandardproudproud /praυd/ adjective projecting a littleinto the margin, also used to describe apiece of type which stands higher than thenormal type heightproveprove /pru�v/ verb to pull a proof from aprinting plateprovinceprovince /�prɒvns/ noun a sphere ofknowledge or activityprovincial pressprovincial press /prə |�vnʃəl pres/noun newspapers published for areas of thecountry away from the capital cityP.S.P.S. /�pi� �es/ noun an additional note atthe end of a letter. Full form postscriptumPSEPSE abbreviation paper surface efficiencypseudonympseudonym /�sju�dənm/ noun a nameused by a writer which is not his or her realnamepseudonymouspseudonymous /sju� |�dɒnməs/ adjec-tive written by an author under a pseu-donymPSNPSN abbreviation packet switchednetwork

PSTNPSTN abbreviation Public Switched Tele-phone NetworkPTRPTR abbreviation paper tape readerpub.pub. abbreviation 1. published 2.publisher 3. publishingpubl.publ. abbreviation 1. publication 2.published 3. publisherpublicpublic /�p�blk/ adjective open foranyone to usepublicationpublication /�p�bl|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. abook, newspaper or magazine which canbe sold 2. a leaflet which is given out toprovide information 3. the act of printingand distributing a book, newspaper ormagazine 4. the act of releasing informa-tion to the general public in printed formpublication datepublication date /�p�bl |�keʃ(ə)n�det/ noun 1. the year when a book waspublished. Also called date of publication2. the day when a publisher says that abook is published (from that day, book-shops may sell the book) 3. the day when anewspaper or magazine is publishedpublication schedulepublication schedule /�p�bl|

�keʃ(ə)n �ʃedju�l/ noun a list of dates ofpublication of a series of books over aperiod of timepublic domainpublic domain /�p�blk dəυ|�men/noun information that is unrestricted andaccessible by the general public �program which is in the public domain aprogram which is not copyrightedpublic domain softwarepublic domain software /�p�blkdəυ|�men/ noun software that is availablefor copying, without payment of a royaltypublicisepublicise /�p�blsaz/, publicize verb tomake something widely known to thegeneral publicpublicistpublicist /p�|�blsti �ed�ənsi/ noun aperson which organises publicity for aparticular product or set of productspublicitypublicity /p� |�blsti/ noun advertise-ments and information materials whichmake something generally knownpublicity agencypublicity agency /p�|�blsti�ed�ənsi/, publicity bureau /p�|�blsti�bjυərəυ/ noun an office which organisespublicity for companies that do not havepublicity departmentspublicity budgetpublicity budget /p�|�blsti �b�d�t/noun money allowed for expenditure onpublicitypublicity campaignpublicity campaign /p�|�blsti k�m|

�pen/ noun a planned course of action toadvertise a product � They are working ona publicity campaign to launch a new


publicity copy 212

series of gardening books. Also calledadvertising campaignpublicity copypublicity copy /p� |�blsti �kɒpi/ nounthe text of an advertisement before it isprintedpublicity departmentpublicity department /p�|�blsti d|

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun the section of a companywhich organises the company’s publicitypublicity expenditurepublicity expenditure /p�|�blsti k |

�spendtʃə/ noun money spent onpublicitypublicity handoutpublicity handout /p�|�blsti�h�ndaυt/ noun an information sheetwhich is given to members of the publicpublicity managerpublicity manager /p�|�blsti�m�nd�ə/ noun a person in charge of apublicity departmentpublicity matterpublicity matter /p�|�blsti �m�tə/noun advertisements or printed publicitymaterialpublicity sloganpublicity slogan /p�|�blsti �sləυ"ən/noun a group of words which can be easilyremembered, and which is used inpublicity for a product � We are using theslogan ‘Smiths can sell it’ on all ourpublicity.Public Lending RightPublic Lending Right /�p�blk�lendŋ �rat/ noun the right of authors toreceive a small fee every time their booksare borrowed from public libraries in theUnited Kingdom. Abbr PLRpublic librarypublic library /�p�blk �labrəri/ noun alibrary that serves the general public in acity, town or villagepublic library systempublic library system /�p�blk�labrəri �sstəm/ noun a system of publiclibraries covering the whole countryPublic Limited CompanyPublic Limited Company /�p�blk�lmtd �k�mp(ə)ni/ noun a companywhose shares can be bought on the StockExchange. Abbr plcpublic printspublic prints /�p�blk �prnts/ pluralnoun newspaperspublic relationspublic relations /�p�blk r|�leʃ(ə)nz/noun the work of keeping good relationsbetween a company or a group and thepublic so that people know what thecompany is doing and can approve of it �He works in public relations. � A publicrelations firm handles all our publicity.Abbr PRPublic Switched Telephone NetworkPublic Switched TelephoneNetwork /�p�blk �swtʃt �telfəυn�netw!�k/ noun a form of automatic tele-phone exchange interconnecting world-wide. Abbr PSTN

publish

publish /�p�blʃ/ verb to arrange to havea book or article printed and usuallydistributed for salepublishable

publishable /�p�blʃəb(ə)l/ adjectivesuitable to be published � The libel lawyershas advised that the book is not publish-able in its present form.published price

published price /�p�blʃt �pras/ nounthe price at which a book is officially set,usually the price that is marked in thepublisher’s catalogue, printed on the bookor listed in the national list of books inprintpublisher

publisher /�p�blʃə/ noun a person orcompany that publishes books, magazinesand newspaperspublisher’s agreement

publisher’s agreement /�p�blʃəz ə |

�"ri�mənt/ noun a contract between apublisher and the copyright holder, author,agent or another publisher, which laysdown the terms under which the publisherwill publish the book for the copyrightholderPublishers Association

Publishers Association /�p�blʃəz ə|

�səυsieʃ(ə)n/ noun an organisation whichrepresents the interests of publishers inGreat Britain. Abbr PApublisher’s binding

publisher’s binding /�p�blʃəz�bandŋ/ noun a binding style where thebook is cased, with a plain cloth bindingpublisher’s cloth

publisher’s cloth /�p�blʃəz klɒθ/noun cloth used to cover books inpublisher’s bindingpublisher’s corrections

publisher’s corrections /�p�blʃəzkə |�rekʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun correctionsmade by the publisher, either copying theauthor’s corrections or making furthereditorial correctionspublisher’s list

publisher’s list /�p�blʃəz lst/,publisher’s catalogue noun a list ofbooks which a publisher has for sale, bothnew titles and backlistpublisher’s list price

publisher’s list price /�p�blʃəz lst�pras/ noun the price of a book as stated ina publisher’s cataloguepublisher’s reader

publisher’s reader /�p�blʃəz �ri�də/noun a person who reads manuscripts for apublisher and suggests ones that might beworth publishingpublisher’s representative

publisher’s representative/�p�blʃəz �reprzentətv/ noun a sales-person who visits bookshops on behalf of apublisher and persuades the bookshopbuyer that a book should be ordered


213 put to bed‘Publishers Weekly’‘Publishers Weekly’ /�p�blʃəz�wi�kli/ noun an American weekly maga-zine, dealing with publishing matterspublishingpublishing /�p�blʃŋ/ noun the trade,profession or activity of preparing andproducing material in printed or electronicform for distribution to the publicpublishing companypublishing company /�p�blʃŋ�k�mp(ə)ni/, publishing house/�p�blʃŋ haυs/ noun a company thatpublishes books or magazinespublishing contractpublishing contract /�p�blʃŋ�kɒntr�kt/ noun an agreement between apublisher and an author by which theauthor grants the publisher the right topublish the work against payment of a fee,usually in the form of a royaltypublishing datepublishing date /�p�blʃŋ det/ nounthe date on which a book will be published‘Publishing News’‘Publishing News’ /�p�blʃŋ �nju�z/noun a British weekly magazine dealingwith publishing matterspublishing programmepublishing programme /�p�blʃŋ�prəυ"r�m/ noun a full list of the titles tobe published by a publishing company or adepartment within a companypublishing softwarepublishing software /�p�blʃŋ�sɒftweə/ noun a list of the dates on whicha publishing company’s new books will bepublishedpullpull /pυl/ noun a proof from letterpress �verb 1. to make a proof 2. to decide not topublish a story in the newspaper, after ithas been written or typesetpull-awaypull-away /�pυl ə|�we/ noun part of asignature consisting of blank pages whichis removed from a book when bindingpull-down menupull-down menu /�pυl daυn �menju�/noun a list of options in a computerprogram which can be displayed on screenover work that is already being donepull-outpull-out /�pυlaυt/ noun 1. inserted pagesin a magazine which can be easily removedand retained for reference 2. a folded insertin a book or magazine which when openedout makes a large sheet, used e.g. for mapspull-quotepull-quote /�pυl kwəυt/ noun a quotetaken from a block of text which is ‘pulledout’ and printed in larger type on the samepage, as an eye-catching devicepulppulp /p�lp/ noun material produced fromrecycled paper, rags or ground wood,mixed with water, used for making paper �verb 1. to take torn rags or ground woodand mix this with water and chemicals toproduce smooth pulp for making paper 2.

to take printed paper or waste paper andproduce pulp from it for making paperagain � The unsold copies in the ware-house were sent away to be pulped.pulp boardpulp board /�p�lp bɔ�d/, pulp card/�p�lp kɑ�d/ noun thin board made frompaper pulp, used for the cover boards of abookpulp fictionpulp fiction /�p�lp �fkʃən/ noun cheapfiction which is considered by critics tohave no literary valuepulpingpulping /�p�lpŋ/ noun the act of sendingunsold or erroneous printed copies to bepulpedpulpwoodpulpwood /�p�lpwυd/ noun softwoodused for making paperpunchpunch /p�ntʃ/ verb 1. to hit somethinghard 2. to make holes in something so thatit can be inserted into a ring file � noun adevice for making the matrix from whichtype is cast. The punch is a steel stamp withthe letter cut into it in relief; this is thenpressed into a metal alloy, which becomesthe matrix.punch cuttingpunch cutting /�p�ntʃ �k�tŋ/ noun theprocess of making a punch by cutting thedesign on itpunctuatepunctuate /�p�ŋktʃuet/ verb to addpunctuation marks to a textpunctuationpunctuation /�p�ŋktʃu |�eʃ(ə)n/ noun asystem of symbols which enable a readerto make sense of written texts, e.g. fullstops, commas, question markspunctuation markpunctuation mark /�p�ŋktʃu |�eʃ(ə)nmɑ�k/ noun a printed or written symbolwhich cannot be spoken but which dividesup the text and helps to make its meaningclearer

COMMENT: The main punctuation marks arethe question mark and exclamation mark;inverted commas (which show the type oftext being written); the comma, full stop,colon and semicolon (which show how thewords are broken up into sequences); theapostrophe (which shows that a letter orword is missing); the dash and hyphen andbrackets (which separate or link words).

purchase ledgerpurchase ledger /�p!�tʃs �led�ə/noun a book in which expenditure is noted.Also called bought ledgerpurchase orderpurchase order /�p!�tʃs �ɔ�də/ nounan official paper which places an order forsomethingpure paperpure paper /�pjυə �pepə/ noun papermade from woodfree or chemical pulpput to bedput to bed /�pυt tυ �bed/ verb to make apublication ready for printing


PVA 214PVAPVA abbreviation polyvinyl acetatePVCPVC noun a plastic material often used forcovers of reference books because it canstand a great deal of handling. Full formpolyvinyl chloride

COMMENT: Printing on PVC is not as simpleas printing on paper, since PVC is notabsorbent. Designs have to be bold, withfew details, and thin lines cannot be printedeasily. Printing on PVC is usually done byscreen printing.


QQAQA abbreviation query authorquadquad /kwɒd/ noun 1. a sheet of paper fourtimes as large as a basic sheet 2. same asquadrat � verb to insert spaces to fill out aline, especially to complete a short linewhich is left justified, such as a heading

COMMENT: Metric quad paper sizes are (inmillimetres): quad crown (768 x 1008),quad large crown (816 x 1056), quad demy(888 x 1128), quad royal (960 x 1272).

quaddingquadding /�kwɒdŋ/ noun the insertionof spaces into text to fill out a linequad leftquad left /�kwɒd left/ adjective with setlines flush to the left marginquadrant balancequadrant balance /�kwɒdrənt�b�ləns/, quadrant scale noun a deviceused to measure grammage of paper

COMMENT: A sample of paper 100 x 100mmis taken and placed on the scale; thegrammage values are printed on asemicircular scale, the pointer runs acrossthe scale when the piece of paper is spikedon a pin. The readings on the scale give thegsm (i.e. the weight of the piece of papermultiplied by one hundred).

quadratquadrat /�kwɒdrət/ noun a piece ofmetal type which has no character on it,used to give a space between charactersquad rightquad right /�kwɒd rat/ adjective withset lines flush to the right marginquadrillequadrille /kwə |�drl/ noun paper ruled insmall squares, like graph paperquad royalquad royal /�kwɒd �rɔəl/ noun a sheetof paper measuring 50 x 40 inchesquaint charactersquaint characters /�kwent�k�rktəz/ plural noun old-fashioned liga-tures that are no longer usedqualityquality /�kwɒlti/ noun a measure of howgood or bad something is � the qualitydailies, weeklies, Sundays, the qualitypress newspapers and magazines aiming ata high level of readershipquality controlquality control /�kwɒlti kən|�trəυl/noun the work of a department in a

company which checks that its productsare of a satisfactory standard

‘“We identified that, by standardising ona system across all sites, we could reducethe amount of time and people needed tocomplete updates. The end result wasimproved content on the sites for ourcustomers”, [a spokesperson] said. TheTV company hopes the new level ofquality control will also encourage morevisitors to its online stores.’ [Computing]

quality controllerquality controller /�kwɒlti kən|

�trəυlə/ noun a person who checks thequality of a productquality dailiesquality dailies /�kwɒlti �deliz/ pluralnoun daily papers aimed at the top end ofthe marketquantityquantity /�kwɒntti/ noun the amount ornumber of itemsquantity discountquantity discount /�kwɒntti�dskaυnt/ noun a discount given topeople who buy large quantitiesQuarkXPressQuarkXPress /�kwɑ�k k |�spres/ a tradename for a piece of page composition soft-ware with typographic functions � With theaddition of extensions QuarkXPress can bebuilt up into a customised productionsystem.quarterquarter /�kwɔ�tə/ noun a fourth part of awholequarter bindingquarter binding /�kwɔ�tə �bandŋ/noun a binding on a cased book, where thespine is covered with one material such asleather or cloth, and the rest of the cover iscovered with another material such aspaperquarter bound bookquarter bound book /�kwɔ�tə baυnd�bυk/ noun a book that is bound in onematerial, usually leather, on the spine andin another on the coversquarter leatherquarter leather /�kwɔ�tə �leðə/ nounbinding where the spine is covered with


quarter leather binding 216

leather and the rest of the cover withanother materialquarter leather bindingquarter leather binding /�kwɔ�tə�leðə �bandŋ/ noun a binding where thespine is covered with leather and the rest ofthe cover with paperquarterlyquarterly /�kwɔ�təli/ noun anything thatis issued or paid every three months �adjective, adverb happening every threemonths or happening four times a year �There is a quarterly charge for consul-tancy. � We agreed to pay the royalty quar-terly.quarter page folderquarter page folder /�kwɔ�tə ped��fəυldə/ noun a device which folds a sheetof folded paper twicequartoquarto /�kwɔ�təυ/ noun a size of bookmade by folding a standard sheet of papertwice, to make four leaves or an eight-pagesignature. Abbr 4oqueryquery /�kwəri/ noun 1. a question, espe-cially a note asking the author or editor tocheck the text 2. a question mark � verb toask a question about something or tosuggest that something may be wrong �The sub-editor has queried the date givenin the index.query authorquery author /�kwəri �ɔ�θə/ noun anote asking the author to check the text.Abbr QAquestion markquestion mark /�kwestʃ(ə)n mɑ�k/noun a punctuation mark (?) used to showthat a question is being asked. Also calledinterrogation markquestionnairequestionnaire /�kwestʃə |�neə/ noun awritten list of questions given to people toanswer to provide the information for asurveyquick-setting inkquick-setting ink /�kwk �setŋ �ŋk/noun ink which is specially made to setrapidlyQuickTimeQuickTime /�kwktam/ a trade namefor the graphics routines built into theMacintosh’s operating system which allowwindows, boxes and graphic objects to bedisplayed‘Quill and Quire’‘Quill and Quire’ /�kwl ən �kwaə/noun a Canadian magazine dealing withpublishing mattersquirequire /�kwaə/ noun 1. 24 or 25 sheets ofpaper 2. a section of gathered pages

COMMENT: For ordinary writing paper andhandmade paper, a ream is 480 sheets, or20 quires of 24 sheets each. For officepaper or printing paper a ream is 500sheets, or 20 quires of 25 sheets.

quirewisequirewise /�kwaəwaz/ adverb relatingto folded sheets which are automaticallyfolded and placed inside each otherquirewise impositionquirewise imposition /�kwaəwaz�mpəzʃ(ə)n/ noun an imposition inwhich sections are imposed to inset oneinside the otherquoinquoin /kɔn/ noun a metal wedge whichfits into the space between the type and theedge of a chase, and is tightened to fix themetal type in place � verb to lock up typequoin keyquoin key /�kɔn ki�/ noun a key used totighten or loosen a quoinquotaquota /�kwəυtə/ noun a fixed amount ofsomething which is allowed � to arrangedistribution through a quota system toarrange distribution by allowing eachdistributor only a particular number ofitemsquota systemquota system /�kwəυtə �sstəm/ nouna system where imports or supplies areregulated by fixing maximum amountsquotationquotation /kwəυ|�teʃ(ə)n/ noun theexact words said or written by somebodyand used by another person

COMMENT: When setting quotations, it isessential to show clearly where thequotation begins and ends, so as todistinguish it from the text proper. Normally,a quotation consisting of a few words will beput in double quotes; a longer quotation (aparagraph or more) should be eitherindented or set in a smaller size, or both. Aquotation from a poem can be set smaller,or even can be set in italic, provided it is nottoo long.

quotation dictionaryquotation dictionary /kwəυ|�teʃ(ə)n�dkʃ(ə)nəri/ noun a collection of famoussayings and writings arranged alphabeti-cally according to the authorsquotation marksquotation marks /kwəυ|�teʃ(ə)nmɑ�ks/ plural noun punctuation marks,either single quotes (‘ ’) or double quotes(“ ”), which mark the beginning and end ofa written quotationquotationsquotations /kwəυ |�teʃ(ə)nz/ pluralnoun long hollow metal strips used to fill inblanks in the typeset textquotequote /kwəυt/ verb to repeat the exactwords written or said by somebody elsequoted matterquoted matter /�kwəυtd �m�tə/ nouna printed text which is quoted from anothertext, usually indicated by quotation marksquoted out of contextquoted out of context /�kwəυtd aυtəv �kɒntekst/ adjective without thesurrounding text, so giving a misleadingmeaning


217 qwerty keyboardquotesquotes /kwəυts/ plural noun quotationmarksq.v.q.v. abbreviation used to indicate a cross-reference (NOTE: From the Latin phrasequod vide, meaning ‘which see’.)

qwerty keyboard

qwerty keyboard /�kw!�ti �ki�bɔ�d/noun the layout of keys on a computerkeyboard, the first six letters on the top rowfrom the left being QWERTY which givesit its name. � azerty keyboard


Rrackrack /r�k/ noun a frame for holdingthings, often used for display purposesrack jobber

rack jobber /�r�k �d�ɒbə/ noun awholesaler who sells goods by puttingthem on racks in retail shopsrack jobbingrack jobbing /�r�k �d�ɒbŋ/ noun theselling of books from racks in supermar-kets and newsagentsradiation dryingradiation drying /�redi|�eʃ(ə)n�draŋ/ noun the process of drying ink byultraviolet and infrared radiationradiation drying unitradiation drying unit /�redi|�eʃ(ə)n�draŋ �ju�nt/ noun a drying unit fitted toa printing press to dry ink or varnish usingultraviolet or infrared radiationradioradio /�rediəυ/ noun 1. equipment usedto broadcast speech, sounds and data overlong distances 2. the method of broad-casting to the public using this equipment� Radio is a powerful medium for informa-tion.radio and TV rights

radio and TV rights /�rediəυ ən �ti��vi� �rats/ plural noun rights for the adap-tation of a text for broadcasting on radioand TVrag content

rag content /�r�" �kɒntent/ noun theamount of rag in some types of paperraggedragged /�r�"d/ adjective not straight orwith an uneven edge

COMMENT: Ragged right setting is quiteoften used, and in narrow measures makesthe setting more even, with no wide gapsbetween characters or words. It is oftenused in newspapers and magazines whichare set in narrow columns. Ragged leftsetting is not common.

ragged leftragged left /�r�"d left/ adjectiverelating to printed text with a flush right-hand margin and uneven left-hand marginragged right

ragged right /�r�"d rat/ adjectiverelating to printed text with a flush left-hand margin and uneven right-hand margin

ragged textragged text /�r�"d tekst/ noun unjus-tified text or text with a ragged rightmarginrag paperrag paper /�r�" �pepə/ noun good-quality paper made from cotton or linenrags

COMMENT: Rag paper is less widely madenow because it is expensive, and cottonand linen rags are not easy to find; man-made fibres, which are often used inclothing, are not suitable for papermaking.

rag pulprag pulp /�r�" p�lp/ noun pulp from tornrags, which is boiled before being used tomake paperraiseraise /rez/ verb 1. to make somethinghigher 2. to increase something � We areraising all prices by 10% in our new cata-logue. 3. � to raise an invoice to write orprint out an invoiceraised bandsraised bands /�rezd b�ndz/ pluralnoun raised strips on the spine of a leather-bound book covering the cordsraised initialraised initial /�rezd |�nʃ(ə)l/ noun aninitial letter set in a larger size than the restof the text, the letter being on the base lineand rising above the ascender lineraised printingraised printing /�rezd �prntŋ/ noun aprinting process which uses heat toproduce raised characters in which verythick ink is dusted with powder, thenheated to weld it to the paperRAMRAM /r�m/ abbreviation random accessmemory (NOTE: There is no plural for RAM,and it often has no article: 512K of RAM;The file is stored in RAM.)RAM chipRAM chip /�r�m tʃp/ noun a chip thatstores information allowing random accessRAM diskRAM disk /�r�m dsk/ noun a section ofRAM that is made to look and behave likea high-speed disk driverandomrandom /�r�ndəm/ adjective donewithout any definite plan � noun thesloping top part of a composing frame


219 readingrandom-accessrandom-access /�r�ndəm ��kses/adjective relating to the ability of acomputer to obtain information from anymemory location without having to beginits search at the memory’s starting pointand work through it in sequencerandom access memoryrandom access memory /�r�ndəm��kses �mem(ə)ri/ noun the primaryworking memory in a computer, used forthe temporary storage of programs anddata and in which the data can be accesseddirectly and modified. Abbr RAMrandom access storagerandom access storage /�r�ndəm��kses �stɔ�rd�/ noun memory thatallows access to any location in any orderrandom checkrandom check /�r�ndəm �tʃek/ noun acheck on items taken from anywherewithin a group without any special choicebeing maderandom samplerandom sample /�r�ndəm �sɑ�mpəl/noun a sample for testing taken withoutany choice being maderandom samplingrandom sampling /�r�ndəm�sɑ�mplŋ/ noun a system of compilingunbiased samples in a survey populationrangerange /rend�/ verb to give an even edgeto lines of typeranged numeralsranged numerals /�rend�d�nju�m(ə)rəlz/, ranging numerals pluralnoun Arabic figures which are all of evenheightrange leftrange left /�rend� left/ verb to aligntext with a straight left-hand edge (NOTE:The US term is flush left.)range rightrange right /�rend� �rat/ verb to aligntext with a straight right-hand edge (NOTE:The US term is flush right.)rarerare /reə/ adjective not common � Experi-enced salespeople are rare these days. � Itis rare to find a small business with goodcash flow.rare booksrare books /�reə �bυks/ plural noun rela-tively modern books which are not in printand are not easy to findRA sizesRA sizes plural noun sizes of stocksheets of printing paper which are slightlylarger than the comparable A sizes

COMMENT: There are three RA sizes: RA0(860 x 1220mm), RA1 (610 x 860mm) andRA2 (430 x 610mm); see also SRA sizes,which are larger still.

raster graphicsraster graphics /�r�stə �"r�fks/plural noun graphics where the image isbuilt up in lines running across the screenor pageraster image processorraster image processor /�r�stə�md� �prəυsesə/ noun full form of RIP 2

raster scanningraster scanning /�r�stə �sk�nŋ/noun a system of scanning the whole of ascreen with a picture beam which movesdown the screen one line or one pixel at atimeraterate /ret/ noun 1. money charged for timeworked or work completed � the goingrate the usual or the current rate ofpayment 2. an amount, number or speedcompared with something elserate cardrate card /�ret kɑ�d/ noun a list ofcharges for advertisements in a newspaperor magazine, or for commercials on TV orradiorate of exchangerate of exchange /�ret əv ks|

�tʃend�/ noun same as exchange raterate of productionrate of production /�ret əv prə|

�d�kʃən/ noun same as production raterate of salesrate of sales /�ret əv �selz/ noun thespeed at which units are soldrattlerattle /�r�t(ə)l/ noun the noise made bypaper when it is handled, giving an indica-tion of its stiffnessrawraw /rɔ�/ adjective in the original state ornot processedraw materialsraw materials /�rɔ� mə|�təriəlz/ pluralnoun substances which have not beenmanufactured such as wool, wood or sandraw stockraw stock /�rɔ� stɒk/ noun paper whichis to be coatedRC paperRC paper /�ɑ� �si� �pepə/ abbreviationresin-coated paperreadread /ri�d/ verb to look at and understandwhat is written downreadabilityreadability /�ri�də|�blti/ noun thequality of being easy or pleasant to read �the readability of a novel � the readabilityof a typefacereadablereadable /�ri�dəb(ə)l/ adjective able tobe read, also implies well written and inter-estingreaderreader /�ri�də/ noun a person that readswritten or printed textsreader-printerreader-printer /�ri�də �prntə/ noun adevice that reads a microfilm and then putsout a copyreadershipreadership /�ri�dəʃp/ noun the numberof people who read a publicationreader’s marksreader’s marks /�ri�dəz mɑ�ks/ pluralnoun proof correction marks used to indi-cate changes to the textreader’s proofreader’s proof /�ri�dəz pru�f/ noun aproof sent to a proofreader and markedwith their correctionsreadingreading /�ri�dŋ/ noun 1. the act ofreading proofs or a manuscript and making


reading age 220

comments 2. the act of reading books ornewspapers � the reading public themembers of the public who actually readbooks 3. the act of reading printed textreading agereading age /�ri�dŋ ed�/ noun achild’s competence in reading, measuredagainst the average competence of childrenof the same agereading copyreading copy /�ri�dŋ �kɒpi/ noun acopy of a finished book or proof copy ofthe pages of a book, sent to librarians orother publishers who might be interested inbuying itreading feereading fee /�ri�dŋ fi�/ noun moneypaid to somebody for reading a manuscriptand commenting on itreading groupreading group /�ri�dŋ "ru�p/ noun agroup of people who meet regularly in asocial situation to discuss a book, usually abook that the group have all read especiallyfor that occasionreading listreading list /�ri�dŋ lst/ noun a list ofrecommended books on a specific subjectread only memoryread only memory /�ri�d �əυnli�mem(ə)ri/ noun full form of ROMreadvertisereadvertise /ri� |��dvətaz/ verb toadvertise something againreadvertisementreadvertisement /�ri�əd|�v!�tsmənt/noun a second advertisement for a vacantpostreadyready /�redi/ adjective prepared and ableto be used or to do somethingReally Simple SyndicationReally Simple Syndication /�rəli�smp(ə)l �snd |�keʃ(ə)n/ noun full formof RSSreal time credit card processingreal time credit card processing/�rəl tam �kredt kɑ�d �prəυsesŋ/ nounonline checking of a credit card that eitherapproves or rejects it for use during a trans-actionreal time transactionreal time transaction /�rəl tam tr�n|

�z�kʃən/ noun an Internet payment trans-action that is either approved or rejectedimmediately when the customer completesthe online order formreamream /ri�m/ noun 500 sheets of paper in apack

COMMENT: For ordinary writing paper andhandmade paper, a ream is 480 sheets, or20 quires of 24 sheets each. For officepaper or printing paper a ream is 500sheets, or 20 quires of 25 sheets.

ream-wrappedream-wrapped /�ri�m r�pt/ adjectiverelating to sheets wrapped in parcels of 500rebackreback /ri� |�b�k/ verb to take the leatherback off the spine of an old book andreplace it

rebindrebind /ri� |�band/ verb 1. to remove anold binding from a book and replace it withanother one � The stock of paperbackcopies have been rebound in PVC. 2. tobind up sheets left over from a previousprint and bind order � noun 1. the action ofbinding sheets of a book which were notbound when the book was first printed 2. abook which has had its old bindingremoved and a new one added � The bookis out of stock at the moment, but the rebindshould come in next week.

COMMENT: Rebinding means that the oldcovers have to be stripped off, new coversattached and the pages trimmed again. Atleast one or two millimetres will be lost ateach of the three trimmed edges.

recastrecast /ri� |�kɑ�st/ verb to write a textagain � The author was asked to recast thefirst chapter in the light of the reader’scomments.receiptreceipt /r|�si�t/ noun 1. paper showingthat money has been paid or that somethinghas been received 2. the act of receivingsomething � to acknowledge receipt of aletter to write to say that you have receiveda letter � We acknowledge receipt of yourletter of the 15th. � The publisher nevereven acknowledged receipt of my manu-script.receipt bookreceipt book /r|�si�t bυk/ noun a bookof blank receipts to be filled in whenpurchases are madereconditerecondite /r|�kɒndat/ adjective dealingwith material that is too difficult to beunderstood by those without specialknowledgerecordrecord /�rekɔ�d/ noun a written accounteither on paper or in electronic format �verb /r |�kɔ�d/ to write something down orpreserve something on film or tape so thatit can be used for later referencerecord-breakingrecord-breaking /�rekɔ�d �brekŋ/adjective better than anything that hashappened before � We are proud of ourrecord-breaking profits in 1996.recorded deliveryrecorded delivery /r|�kɔ�dd d |

�lv(ə)ri/ noun a mail service where a letteror package is signed for by the personreceiving itrecording rightsrecording rights /r |�kɔ�dŋ rats/plural noun rights to make a record of apiece of music, poetry or other workrecordsrecords /�rekɔ�dz/ plural noun docu-ments which give information � The namesand addresses of authors are kept in thecompany’s records. � We find from our


221 reference number

records that our invoice number 1234 hasnot been paid.recoverrecover /r |�k�və/ verb 1. to replace acover on a document or book which hasbeen damaged 2. to get back somethingthat has been lost

‘With a few mouse clicks, even non-technical end users can selectivelyrestore a deleted file, recover a previousversion of a file, or completely restore thehard drive to a pre-crash working state.’[M2 Presswire]

rectificationrectification /�rektf|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun acorrectionrectifyrectify /�rektfa/ verb to correct amistakerectorecto /�rektəυ/ adjective relating to theright-hand page of a book � noun the right-hand page of a book, usually given an oddnumberrecyclerecycle /ri� |�sak(ə)l/ verb to take wastematerial and process it so that it can beused againrecycled paperrecycled paper /ri�|�sak(ə)ld �pepə/noun paper made from waste paper.Compare virgin paperredraftredraft /ri� |�drɑ�ft/ verb to draft some-thing again � The whole contract had to beredrafted to take in the chairman’s amend-ments.redrawredraw /ri�|�drɔ�/ verb to draw somethingagain � Can the computer redraw thegraphics showing the product from the topview? � The artwork will have to beredrawn.red-topred-top /�red tɒp/ noun same as tabloidreducereduce /r|�dju�s/ verb to make some-thing smaller in amountreducerreducer /r |�dju�sə/ noun an additivewhich reduces the tacking of ink or varnishreductionreduction /r |�d�kʃən/ noun the act ofreducing something such as size or cost �They were able to make a 75% reduction ofthe document on the photocopier so fewercopies were needed and the cost was less.reduction printreduction print /r |�d�kʃən prnt/ nouna print of a photograph which is smallerthan the originalredundantredundant /r|�d�ndənt/ adjective 1. nolonger needed because it has been replacedby a more up-to-date version � to makesomeone redundant to dismiss anemployee who is not needed any more 2.able to be removed from data withoutlosing any information

redundant matter

redundant matter /r|�d�ndənt �m�tə/noun text which is not needed or which istoo longreel

reel /ri�l/ noun a circular holder aroundwhich tape can be woundreel bogie

reel bogie /�ri�l �bəυ"i�/, reel trucknoun a truck which moves reels of paperfrom the paper store to the printing pressreel-fed press

reel-fed press /�ri�l fed �pres/ noun aprinting press which takes paper from reelsreel-stand

reel-stand /�ri�l st�nd/ noun a stand forholding a reel of paper at the feed end of aweb pressreel-up

reel-up /�ri�l �p/ noun a spool which reelspaper in a papermaking machinereel width

reel width /�ri�l wdθ/ noun the width ofthe paper on a reelreferee

referee /�refə |�ri�/ noun a person whoprovides information about whether some-body known to them is suitable for a partic-ular jobreference

reference /�ref(ə)rəns/ noun 1. a letterwritten by a person to support somebody’sapplication for a job 2. coded informationwhich tells you where to find a documentor stored item � our reference: PC/MS1234 � Please quote this reference in allcorrespondence. � the reference sectionof a bookshop, library part of a bookshopor library where reference books are kept(the books in the reference section of apublic library cannot be borrowed) 3. anacknowledgement of somebody else’swork quoted in a written document 4. asource of information, e.g. a dictionary oran encyclopedia � a reference book 5. anote directing a reader’s attention toanother source of informationreference book

reference book /�ref(ə)rəns bυk/ nounan information book such as a dictionary,encyclopedia or directory in which you canlook things upreference library

reference library /�ref(ə)rəns�labrəri/ noun a library where the booksand documents can only be used within thebuilding and cannot be borrowedreference mark

reference mark /�ref(ə)rəns mɑ�k/noun a typographical symbol used to drawthe attention of a reader to a note or biblio-graphical entry, e.g. an asterisk or numberreference number

reference number /�ref(ə)rəns�n�mbə/ noun a number or letter that iden-tifies a document and makes it easier tofind when it has been filed


reference publisher 222reference publisherreference publisher /�ref(ə)rəns�p�blʃə/ noun a company that publishesreference booksreference publishingreference publishing /�ref(ə)rəns�p�blʃŋ/ noun the publishing of refer-ence booksrefer torefer to /r |�f!� tu�/ verb 1. to mention,deal with or write about something � Shereferred to an article which she had seen inthe Times. 2. to pass a question on to some-body else to deciderefinerrefiner /r|�fanə/ noun a machine whichtakes woodpulp and passes it throughrapidly turning rollers to give it particulartexturereflection copyreflection copy /r |�flekʃən �kɒpi/ nouna photograph or piece of artwork which isphotographed using reflected lightreformatreformat /ri� |�fɔ�m�t/ verb to format acomputer floppy disk and so erase any dataon itrefreshrefresh /r|�freʃ/ verb to update an elec-tronic device, especially a visual displayunit or active memory chip, with datarefresh raterefresh rate /r|�freʃ ret/ noun thenumber of times every second that theimage on a CRT screen is redrawnrefusalrefusal /r|�fju�z(ə)l/ noun a deliberatestatement that you will not do, say or allowsomething � right of first refusal on a textthe right of a publisher to see and offer topublish the next text by an authorrefuserefuse /r|�fju�z/ verb to say that you willnot do something or will not accept some-thing � The publisher refused to pay untilthe printer had replaced the defectivecopies.region fillregion fill /�ri�d�(ə)n fl/ noun theprocess of filling an area of the screen or agraphics shape with a particular colourregisterregister /�red�stə/ noun 1. an officiallist of things such as names or events 2. aribbon attached to the binding of a book toact as a bookmark � verb to make a recordof something on an official listregistered letterregistered letter /�red�stəd �letə/noun a letter which is noted by the postoffice before it is sent, so that compensa-tion can be claimed if it is lostregister marksregister marks /�red�stə mɑ�ks/plural noun marks, usually crossed lines atthe corners of a film or overlay or artwork,used to help in lining up the imagesregister of companiesregister of companies /�red�stə əv�k�mp(ə)niz/ noun same as companies’register

register pinsregister pins /�red�stə pnz/ pluralnoun pins which go through holes made bya register punch in artwork to help line upthe images correctlyregister punchregister punch /�red�stə p�ntʃ/ nouna punch which makes holes for registerpinsregister sheetregister sheet /�red�stə ʃi�t/ noun aproof which is pulled to see if the registeris correctregletreglet /�re"lət/ noun a thin piece of woodused to make spaces between lines of typeregular editionregular edition /�re"jυlə |�dʃ(ə)n/noun an ordinary edition, as opposed to aparticular type such as a de luxe or bookclub editionregular sizeregular size /�re"jυlə saz/ adjectiveordinary size, smaller than economy sizeor family sizerehyphenationrehyphenation /ri� |�hafə |�neʃ(ə)n/noun the act of changing the hyphenationof words in a text after it has been put intoa new page format or line widthreimposereimpose /�ri�m |�pəυz/ verb to imposepages again

COMMENT: A cased book may need to bereimposed when being made into a perfectbound paperback, since the paperbackneeds wider gutters to allow for trim.

reimpositionreimposition /�ri�mpə|�zʃ(ə)n/ nounthe act of changing the imposition ofpages, because of different paper size, adifferent folding machine or the addition ofextra pagesreimpressionreimpression /�ri�m |�pres(ə)n/ abbre-viation reprintreinforced bindingreinforced binding /�ri�nfɔ�st�bandŋ/ noun a binding which isstrengthened at the joints for heavy wear asin a library, or for a particularly heavy bookreinstatereinstate /�ri�n|�stet/ verb to givesomebody back a job that has previouslybeen taken awayreissuereissue /ri� |�ʃu�/ noun a book or docu-ment that is made available again after aperiod of time. Abbr RI � verb to produceor publish again something that has notbeen available for a long timerejectreject noun /�ri�d�ekt/ a product that isnot up to standard, so is sold cheaply or notat all � verb /r|�d�ekt/ to refuse to acceptsomethingrejectionrejection /r|�d�ekʃən/ noun 1. refusal toaccept something 2. a book that is rejectedbecause of an imperfection or defect


223 reorder levelrejection errorrejection error /r|�d�ekʃən �erə/ nounan error by a scanner which is unable toread a character and leaves a blankrejection sliprejection slip /r|�d�ekʃən slp/ noun anote from a publisher to an author tellingthem that their manuscript has not beenaccepted for publicationrekeyrekey /ri� |�ki�/ verb to re-enter lost text ordata into a computer, or input text or datain a different form, using a keyboardrelationalrelational /r |�leʃ(ə)nəl/ adjectiverelating to a way of organising andpresenting information in a database sothat the user perceives it as a set of tablesrelative clauserelative clause /�relətv klɔ�z/ noun aclause that refers to and provides addi-tional information about a preceding nounor pronoun, often beginning with a relativepronoun such as ‘who’, ‘which’ or ‘that’relative humidityrelative humidity /�relətv hju� |

�mdti/ noun the mass of moisture in agiven volume of air expressed as apercentage of the moisture required tosaturate the same volume of air at a partic-ular temperaturereleaserelease /r|�li�s/ verb to make somethingavailable � to release dues to send offorders which had been piling up while aproduct was out of stock � noun the act ofsetting something free or making some-thing availablerelease paperrelease paper /r|�li�s �pepə/ nounspecial paper used as backing for stickylabels, which can be easily peeled off whenthe label is to be usedrelief blockrelief block /r|�li�f blɒk/ noun a printingblock where the characters or image arehigher than the surface, and carry the inkrelief maprelief map /r |�li�f m�p/ noun a mapwhich shows how high or low land is byusing different colours to indicate heightrelief printingrelief printing /r |�li�f �prntŋ/ noun aprinting process in which the ink is held ona raised image such as the metal characterin letterpress printing or on a woodcutblockreligious pressreligious press /rə|�ld�əs pres/ noun apublishing company which specialises inreligious booksreligious publishingreligious publishing /rə|�ld�əs�p�blʃŋ/ noun the publishing of booksabout a particular religion, or books thatare used in religious servicesremainderremainder /r |�mendə/ noun 1. some-thing left when demand has fallen 2. abook sold cheaply to clear stock � verb to

deal with a book as a remainder � remain-dered publication book that will not bereprinted because demand has almostceased and so the stock is sold cheaply � toremainder books to sell new books offcheaply � The shop was full of piles ofremaindered books.remainder bindingremainder binding /r |�mendə�bandŋ/ noun a cheap binding for surplusfolded sheets which are sold off throughthe remainder traderemainder houseremainder house /r |�mendə haυs/,remainder merchant /r |�mendə�m!�tʃənt/ noun a book dealer who buysunsold new books from publishers at a verylow price for resaleremaindersremainders /r|�mendəz/ plural nounquite new books which are sold off cheaplybecause they have not been successfulremakeremake /ri�|�mek/ verb to change thelayout of a page or pagesremote accessremote access /r |�məυt ��kses/ nouna link that allows a user to access acomputer from a distance, normally usinga modem or broadbandremote serviceremote service /r|�məυt �s!�vs/ nouna service such as technical supportprovided from another location via theInternet or phoneremoveremove /r|�mu�v/ verb to take somethingaway � We can remove his name from themailing list. � The author has removed thename of his secretary from the acknowl-edgements. � noun a quotation which isprinted in smaller type than the rest of thetextrenewrenew /r|�nju�/ verb to extend the periodof time for which a contract or a loan isvalid � They were told that they could notrenew their books because they had beenreserved by another reader.renewalrenewal /r|�nju�əl/ noun payment tocontinue a subscriptionrenumberrenumber /ri�|�n�mbə/ verb to changethe numbers on items or within a systemreorderreorder /ri�|�ɔ�də/ noun a later order forsomething which has been ordered before� The book has only been published tendays and we are already getting reorders.� verb to place a new order for something� We must reorder these paperbacksbecause the stock level is getting low.reorder levelreorder level /ri�|�ɔ�də �lev(ə)l/ noun theminimum amount of stock of an itemwhich, when reached, indicates that itshould be reordered


repack 224repackrepack /ri� |�p�k/ verb to pack somethingagain � The books with the wrong covershad to be repacked and sent back to thebinder.repaginaterepaginate /ri�|�p�d�net/ verb tochange the numbers on the pages in a docu-mentrepeatrepeat /r|�pi�t/ noun a second or laterprinting of an advertisement, or a second orlater broadcasting of a radio or TVprogrammerepeat orderrepeat order /r |�pi�t �ɔ�də/ noun a neworder for something which has beenordered before � The book has beenpublished only ten days and we are alreadyflooded with repeat orders.repetitive letterrepetitive letter /r |�pettv �letə/ nouna standard letter which is reprinted with adifferent name and address each timerep finished paperrep finished paper /�rep �fnʃt�pepə/ noun US paper with a ribbedfinish. Also called repped paperreplacereplace /r|�ples/ verb 1. to put some-thing back where it was before 2. to put anew item in the place of one that is broken,worn out or unsuitable � The third para-graph should be deleted and replaced bythe new text as shown.replace modereplace mode /r|�ples məυd/ noun aninteractive computer mode in which newtext entered replaces any previous textreply couponreply coupon /r|�pla �ku�pɒn/ noun aform attached to a coupon ad, which mustbe filled in and returned to the advertiserreportreport /r|�pɔ�t/ noun a formal documentthat discusses a particular subject or statesexactly what happened � verb 1. to make astatement describing something � Thesalesmen reported an increased demandfor the gardening titles. 2. to produce acomputer printout showing a state ofaffairs � The book has been reported out ofprint. � The publisher reports the book asreprinting no date. 3. to go to a place or toattend something � to report for an inter-view � Please report to our London officefor training.repositionreposition /�ri�pə|�zʃ(ə)n/ verb to putsomething back in a new position � Usingspray adhesive allows a designer to reposi-tion artwork.repped paperrepped paper /�rept �pepə/ noun sameas rep finished paperrepresentrepresent /�repr|�zent/ verb 1. to workfor a company, showing goods or servicesto possible buyers � He represents a chil-

dren’s publisher in Scotland. � Our Frenchdistributor represents several othercompeting firms. 2. to act as a symbol forsomething � The hash sign is used to repre-sent a number in a series.representationrepresentation /�reprzen|�teʃ(ə)n/noun the act of selling goods for acompany � We offered them exclusiverepresentation in Europe. � They have norepresentation in the USA.representativerepresentative /�repr|�zentətv/ nouna person who acts on behalf of another orof a group � adjective acting as an exampleof what all others are like � We displayed arepresentative selection of our productrange. � The sample chosen was not repre-sentative of the print run as a whole.reprintreprint noun /�ri�prnt/ copies of a bookmade from the original, but with a note inthe publication details of the date ofreprinting and possibly a new title page andcover design. Also called reimpression �verb /ri� |�prnt/ to print more copies of abook after all the others have been soldreprint housereprint house /�ri�prnt haυs/ noun apublishing company which specialises inreprinting out-of-print titlesreprintingreprinting /ri�|�prntŋ/ adjectiverelating to a note indicating that a bookcannot be supplied because it is beingreprintedreprint rightsreprint rights /ri�|�prnt rats/ pluralnoun the right of another publisher toreprint a book published and possibly stillin printreprorepro /�ri�prəυ/ noun 1. finished artworkor camera-ready copy, ready for filmingand printing 2. the process of achievingthis by camerawork or scanningreproducereproduce /�ri�prə |�dju�s/ verb toproduce copies of an itemreproductionreproduction /�ri�prə |�d�kʃ(ə)n/ nounthe act of making a copy of somethingreproduction feereproduction fee /�ri�prə|�d�kʃ(ə)n�fi�/ noun a fee paid to the copyright ownerfor permission to reproduce a copyrighttext or picturereproduction rightsreproduction rights /�ri�prə|�d�kʃ(ə)nrats/ plural noun the right to allow apicture or text to be reproduced in a printedworkreprographyreprography /r|�prɒ"rəfi/ noun thetechnique of producing copiesrepro houserepro house /�ri�prəυ haυs/ noun acompany that specialises in producinghigh-quality proofs


225 restockingrepro paperrepro paper /�ri�prəυ �pepə/ nouncoated paper used to produce final high-quality proofs for photographic reproduc-tionrepro proofrepro proof /�ri�prəυ pru�f/ noun aproof taken on high-quality paper whichcan be photographed and used for repro-ductionrepro pullrepro pull /�ri�prəυ pυl/ noun a perfectproof ready to be reproducedrepublicationrepublication /ri� |�p�bl |�keʃ(ə)n/ nounthe act of publishing something again � Weare looking at our out-of-print backlist tosee if any of the titles are suitable forrepublication.republishrepublish /ri�|�p�blʃ/ verb to publishsomething again � The book has been outof print for some years, but has now beenrepublished in an edition of modern clas-sics.reputablereputable /�repjυtəb(ə)l/ adjective witha good reputation � We only use reputablecarriers. � His father founded a very repu-table firm of law publishers.reputationreputation /�repjυ|�teʃ(ə)n/ noun anopinion of somebody or something held byother people � a printing company with areputation for quality � He has a reputa-tion for being difficult to negotiate with.requestrequest /r|�kwest/ verb to ask formallyfor something � noun an act of asking forsomethingrequest for proposalrequest for proposal /r|�kwest fə prə |

�pəυz(ə)l/ noun full form of RFPrequirerequire /r|�kwaə/ verb 1. to need some-thing 2. to demand something from some-bodyrequired hyphenrequired hyphen /r |�kwaəd�haf(ə)n/ noun same as hard hyphenrequisitionrequisition /�rekw |�zʃ(ə)n/ noun anorder placed by an institution, e.g. by acollege to the college bookshop asking forbooks to be ordered for students taking aparticular courseresaleresale /�ri�sel/ noun the act of sellinggoods which have been bought � Thecontract forbids resale of the book in theUSA.resale price maintenanceresale price maintenance /ri�|�sel�pras �mentənəns/ noun a system wherethe price for an item is fixed by the manu-facturer and the retailer is not allowed tosell it for a lower price. Abbr RPM. Alsocalled retail price maintenancerescreenrescreen /ri� |�skri�n/ verb to reproduce ascreened photograph again, using a new

screen angle which does not conflict withthe original screenresearchresearch /r |�s!�tʃ/ noun work that isdone to investigate something � verb toinvestigate a field of study and discovernew facts about itresearch assistantresearch assistant /r |�s!�tʃ ə|

�sstənt/ noun a person who helps a writerby doing research for him or herresearcherresearcher /r|�s!�tʃə/ noun a personwho carries out researchreservereserve /r|�z!�v/ verb to keep somethingfor a time until needed � The library willreserve a book for a borrower for ten days.resetreset /ri�|�set/ verb 1. to return a system toits original state so that it can start again 2.to typeset something againresident fontresident font /�rezd(ə)nt �fɒnt/ nounfont data which is always present in aprinter or device and which does not haveto be downloadedresidual rightsresidual rights /r|�zdjuəl rats/,residuals plural noun 1. rights which areheld by an author and have not been sold toa publisher 2. rights held in recorded mate-rial by the actors or musicians whoperformed it, giving payments when thematerial is reused, as in the case of a repeatof a TV programmeresinresin /�rezn/ noun a sticky oil whichcomes from some types of conifer, usedboth in papermaking and in ink productionresin-coated paperresin-coated paper /�rezn �kəυtd�pepə/ noun paper coated with resin, usedin photography and reproduction. Abbr RCpaperresistresist /r|�zst/ noun a coating on aprinting plate which protects part of theplate from acidresolutionresolution /�rezə|�lu�ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. aformal decision taken at a meeting bymeans of a vote 2. the solving of a problem� The resolution of her difficulties with theimmigration authorities took a long time.restickerresticker /ri� |�stkə/ verb to print newstickers and attach them to stock, usually tochange the pricerest in proportionrest in proportion /�rest n prə |

�pɔ�ʃ(ə)n/ noun full form of RIP 1restockrestock /ri� |�stɒk/ verb to order morestock � to restock after the Christmasselling periodrestockingrestocking /ri� |�stɒkŋ/ noun theordering of more stock


restrict 226restrictrestrict /r|�strkt/ verb to limit some-thing so that only a specific person orgroup can have access to itrestrictive trade practicesrestrictive trade practices /r|

�strktv �tred �pr�ktsz/ plural noun anarrangement between companies, e.g. tofix prices or to share the marketresumeresume /r|�zju�m/ verb to start some-thing again � The magazine has resumedpublication.résumérésumé /�rezju� |�me/ noun 1. asummary of a text � A résumé of theplanned biography is attached to thisproposal. 2. US a summary of a person’seducational and work experience, for theinformation of possible future employers(NOTE: The UK term is curriculum vitae.)resumptionresumption /r|�z�mpʃən/ noun the actof starting something againretailretail /�ri�tel/ noun the sale of smallquantities of goods to ordinary customers �the retail trade all people or businessesselling goods retail � verb to sell for a price� These books retail at £9.99. � adverb �he buys wholesale and sells retail he buysgoods in bulk at a wholesale discount andsells in small quantities to the publicretail booksellerretail bookseller /�ri�tel �bυkselə/noun a bookseller who buys books at adiscount from publishers and sells them atthe full price to the publicretail bookshopretail bookshop /�ri�tel �bυkʃɒp/noun a bookshop which sells to the generalpublicretail dealerretail dealer /�ri�tel �di�lə/ noun aperson who sells to the general publicretailerretailer /�ri�telə/ noun a person whosells goods to the publicretailingretailing /�ri�telŋ/ noun the selling offull-price goods to the publicretail outletretail outlet /�ri�tel �aυtlet/ noun ashop which sells to the general publicretail priceretail price /�ri�tel �pras/ noun theprice at which the retailer sells to the finalcustomerretail price indexretail price index /�ri�tel �pras�ndeks/ noun an index which shows howprices of consumer goods have increasedor decreased over a period of timeretail price maintenanceretail price maintenance /�ri�tel�pras �mentənəns/ noun same as resaleprice maintenanceretail shopretail shop /�ri�tel ʃɒp/ noun a shopwhere goods are sold only to the public

retainretain /r |�ten/ verb to keep possession ofsomething � The author has retained filmrights in the book.retainerretainer /r|�tenə/ noun a fee paid tosomebody so that they will be available towork for you when requiredreticulationreticulation /r |�tkjυ|�leʃ(ə)n/ noun theeffect caused by wet ink drying on a previ-ously inked surface, where the secondinking does not dry properly but gives aspotted resultretouchretouch /ri� |�t�tʃ/ verb to change an illus-tration or film by hand to make it clearer orto change the detail in some wayretoucherretoucher /ri� |�t�tʃə/ noun a person whoretouches thingsretouchingretouching /ri� |�t�tʃŋ/ noun the act ofchanging an illustration or film by hand tomake it clearer or to change the detail insome wayretransferretransfer /ri�|�tr�nsf!�/ noun an imagetaken from a lithographic plate to make aduplicate plateretreeretree /�ri�tri�/ noun damaged sheets ofpaper sold off cheaplyretrievalretrieval /r|�tri�v(ə)l/ noun the process offinding items that have been storedretrieval systemretrieval system /r|�tri�v(ə)l �sstəm/noun a system of organising items so thatinformation can be found quickly andeasily

‘Uttlesford District Council required aback-up and retrieval system to meetlegislative demands regardinginformation management and to morecost-effectively and efficiently managedata. Data growth was outstrippingcapacity and the council needed tocomply with government guidelines tomake information available online.’[Computer Weekly]

retrieveretrieve /r|�tri�v/ verb to get somethingback from where it has been storedreturnreturn /r |�t!�n/ noun the act of givingsomething back � The date for the return ofall the library books is next week. � verb togive something back or to change it so thatit is in its earlier state again � to return thecompany to its former position by investinga large amount of capitalreturn on investmentreturn on investment /r |�t!�n ɒn n|

�vestmənt/ noun a profit made byinvesting money in something which isfinancially successful. Abbr ROIreturnsreturns /r |�t!�nz/ plural noun books,magazines or newspapers which have not


227 review slip

been sold and which are sent back to thesupplier � Paperback returns are runningat over 20% in the first part of the year, asbooksellers are destocking.

COMMENT: Publishers would like todiscourage returns, but in most cases, theyhave to accept that a certain proportion ofbooks will not sell, and therefore will bereturned by the booksellers. The mainconcern of the publisher is to limit thereturns to a manageable proportion of theoriginal printing. A publisher knows that ifhe refuses to accept returns, the booksellermay refuse to subscribe copies of furthernew books published by him. In contracts,returns may be provided for in two ways: ina publishing agreement, the publisher mayhold back royalties due to cover thepossibility of books being returned unsoldby the bookseller, after having been sold tothe bookseller by the publisher (this iscalled the ‘returns provision’); in an agencyagreement, there is normally a clausedealing with what happens to the stock heldby the agent at the end of the agreement(usually, the agent will have to pay for thecarriage back to the publisher if the agentterminates the agreement, but the publisherwill pay if he terminates the agreement).

returns levelreturns level /r|�t!�nz �lev(ə)l/ nounthe number of books returned to thepublisher by booksellers, shown as apercentage of the quantity originally sold.Also called level of returnsreturns policyreturns policy /r |�t!�nz �pɒlsi/ noun apolicy adopted by a publisher on allowingbooksellers to send back unsold stock forcreditreturns provisionreturns provision /r|�t!�nz prə |

�v�(ə)n/ noun a provision in a publishingagreement showing how returns are to betreated when calculating an author’s royal-tiesretyperetype /ri�|�tap/ verb to type a word,phrase or document again, usually in orderto make changes or to correct errorsreversalreversal /r|�v!�s(ə)l/ noun 1. the act ofturning in the opposite direction 2. a repro-duction, changing right to left, positive tonegative or black to white 3. a change frombeing profitable to unprofitable � Thecompany suffered a reversal in the FarEast.reversal filmreversal film /r|�v!�s(ə)l flm/ nounphotographic film with a positive image.Also called slide filmreversereverse /r |�v!�s/ adjective opposite or inthe opposite direction � listed in reverseorder listed in order starting at the last orsmallest � noun the opposite side of a pieceof paper, also called the verso � Biblio-

graphic details are usually printed on thereverse of the title page. � verb to changesomething so that it is the other way roundreverse charactersreverse characters /r |�v!�s�k�rktəz/ plural noun characters whichare displayed in the opposite way to othercharacters for emphasisreverse indentreverse indent /r |�v!�s �ndent/ nounsame as hanging indentreverse outreverse out /r |�v!�s �aυt/ verb to makea black image appear as white out of blackor out of a colour � The title is reversed outof the photograph of the house.reverse-readingreverse-reading /r|�v!�s �ri�dŋ/adjective same as wrong-readingreversible printing unitreversible printing unit /r |�v!�sb(ə)l�prntŋ �ju�nt/ noun a printing unitwhich can print with the web running ineither directionreversionreversion /r|�v!�ʃ(ə)n/ noun the returnof property to an original ownerreversionaryreversionary /r|�v!�ʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adjec-tive relating to property such as a copyrightwhich passes to another owner on the deathof the present onereversion clausereversion clause /r|�v!�ʃ(ə)n klɔ�z/noun a clause in a publishing agreementwhich allows for the reversion of copyrightafter a period of time, or if the publisherallows the book to go out of printreversion of copyrightreversion of copyright /r |�v!�ʃ(ə)nəv �kɒpirat/ noun the return of rights tothe author if the publisher fails to keep thebook in printrevertrevert /r |�v!�t/ verb to return to an earlierstate or systemreviewreview /r|�vju�/ noun an evaluation of abook or other publication or a performance� verb 1. to look again at a situation toassess what can be done 2. to write an eval-uation of a book or other publication orperformancereview articlereview article /r|�vju� �ɑ�tk(ə)l/ nouna long review of a book, in which thereviewer discusses the subject of the bookrather than the book itselfreview copyreview copy /r |�vju� �kɒpi/ noun a copyof a book given to a reviewerreviewerreviewer /r|�vju�ə/ noun a person whoreviews booksreview listreview list /r |�vju� lst/ noun a list ofpeople or newspapers to whom copies ofbooks are sent for reviewreview slipreview slip /r |�vju� slp/ noun a notesent with a review copy, giving informationabout the book such as author, price and


revise 228

publisher, and a mention of the publicationdatereviserevise /r|�vaz/ verb 1. to change some-thing so that it is more accurate 2. to goover work done earlier in order to learn itmore thoroughly � noun a proof aftercorrections have been made � Thepublisher sent back the revises with yetanother mass of author’s corrections.revised proofrevised proof /r |�vasd �pru�f/ noun aproof of text with the corrections made to itreviserreviser /r|�vazə/ noun a person whorevises a textrevisionrevision /r|�v�(ə)n/ noun 1. theimprovement and correction of a text 2. theactivity of relearning work in order to doan examinationrewriterewrite verb /ri�|�rat/ to write somethingagain with improvements � noun /�ri�rat/the act of writing something again � Thechapter is in its second rewrite.RFPRFP abbreviation a declaration by acompany that they would like their printedmatter to be redesigned or reprinted, andwould like design or printing companies toput forward proposals for the job. Fullform request for proposalRGBRGB /�ɑ� d�i� �bi�/ noun 1. colour separa-tion using the primary colours 2. the threecolour picture beams used in a colour CRT.Compare CMYKRGB displayRGB display /�ɑ� d�i� �bi� d|�sple/,RGB monitor noun a high-definitionmonitor system that uses three separateinput signals controlling red, green andblue colour picture beamsRIRI abbreviation reissueriderrider /�radə/ noun an additional clause ina contract � to add a rider to a contractrider rollersrider rollers /�radə �rəυləz/ plural nounadditional rollers used to maintain pressureon the paper as it is being wound onto areelrightright /rat/ noun a legal entitlement tosomething � Right of renewal of a contract.� She has a right to the property. � He hasno right to the patent. � The staff have aright to know how the company is doing.right-angled foldright-angled fold /�rait ��n"(ə)ld�fəυld/, right-angle fold noun a fold ofpaper which is at right angles to the onebeforerightful ownerrightful owner /�ratf(ə)l �əυnə/ nounthe legal ownerright-handright-hand /�rat �h�nd/ adjectivebelonging to the right side � The credit side

is the right-hand column in the accounts. �He keeps the address list in the right-handdrawer of his desk.right-hand pageright-hand page /�rat h�nd �ped�/noun the page on the right of a double pagespread, always with an odd folio � Begineach chapter on a right-hand page. �Right-hand pages should have odd folionumbers.right justificationright justification /�rat �d��stf |

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun the process of aligning theright-hand margin on a piece of text so thatthe edge is straightright justifyright justify /�rat �d��stfa/ verb touse computer commands to ensure that theright-hand margins of text are straightright-readingright-reading /�rat �ri�dŋ/ adjectiverelating to film or text which reads fromleft to right, when viewed from the emul-sion side. Also called positive-readingright-reading filmright-reading film /�rat �ri�dŋ �flm/noun film which reads in the normal way,from left to right, when viewed from theemulsion siderightsrights /rats/ plural noun the legal right topublish something such as a book, pictureor extract from a textrights and permissions departmentrights and permissions depart-ment /�rats ən pə |�mʃ(ə)nz d|

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a department in apublishing company which deals withrequests to reproduce material which is inthe company’s copyright or the copyrightof its authors, where the authors havelicensed the company to act on their behalfrights fairrights fair /�rats feə/ noun a book fairwhere publishers sell rights in books topublishers from other countries, and alsomeet agents and representativesrights managerrights manager /�rats �m�nd�ə/noun a person in charge of a rights depart-mentRinco processRinco process /�rŋkəυ �prəυses/noun the process of making gravure posi-tives by photographing a proof of whiteletters on a black backgroundRIPRIP noun 1. a printing instruction to indi-cate that all the material is to be reduced orenlarged in the same proportion. Full formrest in proportion 2. a device that trans-lates software instructions into an image orcomplete page which is then printed by aprinter or typesetter. Full form rasterimage processorriserise /raz/ noun an increase or upwardmovement � The rise in the price of paper


229 rough

has increased manufacturing costs by10%. � verb to move upwards or to becomehigher � Prices are rising faster than infla-tion. � Interest rates have risen to 15%.rising spacerising space /�razŋ �spes/, risingtype noun a defect in locking the forme,which makes the type or spaces rise abovethe normal heightrisk capitalrisk capital /�rsk �k�pt(ə)l/ nounsame as venture capitalriverriver /�rvə/ noun a long white spacerunning down a printed page, caused whenwide spacing occurs between words onevery line. Also called streetroad atlasroad atlas /�rəυd ��tləs/ noun a bookshowing clearly the roads in a country, sothat drivers can find their wayROBROB abbreviation run of bookroe chlorination numberroe chlorination number /�rəυ �klɔ�r|

�neʃ(ə)n �n�mbə/ noun a measurement ofhow much chlorine a sample of paper pulpwill absorb, thus showing how easily it canbe bleachedROIROI abbreviation return on investmentrollerroller /�rəυlə/ noun a round metal bar,used in a printing press to guide the paperthrough the machinerolling headersrolling headers /�rəυlŋ �hedəz/ pluralnoun the titles or headers of teletext pages,displayed as they are receivedrolling planrolling plan /�rəυlŋ �pl�n/ noun a planwhich runs for a period of time and isupdated regularly for the same periodroll-wrappedroll-wrapped /�rəυl r�pt/ adjectiverelating to a magazine which is rolled upbefore being wrapped for mailingROMROM /rɒm/ noun a computer systemwhich allows data to be read but not edited.Full form read only memory (NOTE: Thereis no plural for ROM, and it is often usedwithout the article: The file is stored inROM.)romanroman1 /�rəυmən/ noun an ordinaryupright typeface, neither italic nor bold �The text is set in Times Roman.

COMMENT: Roman characters weredeveloped in Italy in the late 15th century,and have become the most widely used ofthe type styles. It is generally believed thatroman characters are easier to read thaneither italic or bold, possibly becausepeople are more accustomed to roman thanto other faces. In the 16th century, italic wasjust as common as roman for continuoustext, and for several centuries black lettertype was widely used for all printing,especially in Germany.

romanroman2 /rəυ |�mɒn/ noun French wordmeaning a novelRomanRoman /�rəυmən/ adjective relating toancient Italy, and especially to the Latinscriptroman à clefroman à clef /rəυ|�mɒn � �kle/ noun anovel with characters drawn from real life,where the reader and critics usually try tofind out who the characters are based onromanisationromanisation /�rəυməna|�zeʃ(ə)n/,romanization noun transliteration of anon-Western script into roman charactersromaniseromanise /�rəυmənaz/, romanize verbto transliterate a non-Western script intoroman characters � a romanised version ofChineseRoman numeralsRoman numerals /�rəυmən�nju�mərəlz/, Roman figures nounfigures written I, II, III, IV, or i, ii, iii, iv,etc. (as opposed to Arabic numerals suchas 1, 2, 3, 4)romantic fiction

romantic fiction /rəυ|�m�ntk �fkʃən/noun stories about love affairsromantic novel

romantic novel /rəυ|�m�ntk �nɒv(ə)l/noun a novel, usually aimed at womenreaders, concerned with a love affair (NOTE:As a group, novels are called fiction;romantic fiction is all romantic novelstaken as a group.)ROPROP abbreviation run of paperrotary machinerotary machine /�rəυtəri mə|�ʃi�n/,rotary press /�rəυtəri pres/ noun aprinting press whose printing plate iscurved and attached to a cylinderrotary printingrotary printing /�rəυtəri �prntŋ/ nouna printing process using a curved plateattached to a cylinder, which prints ontothe paper as it lies flatrotary strainer

rotary strainer /�rəυtəri �strenə/ nouna large round cylinder with holes in it,which turns round in the vat of stock,removing large particles from itrotary suction boxrotary suction box /�rəυtəri �s�kʃən�bɒks/ noun same as suction rollrotogravurerotogravure /�rəυtəυ"rə|�vjυə/ noun aweb-fed gravure printing on a rotary press,used particularly for colour printing oflong runsroughrough /r�f/ adjective 1. approximate ornot very accurate � a rough calculation � arough estimate 2. not finished � noun arough sketch of artwork � The designershowed some roughs for the main doublepage spread.


rough copy 230rough copyrough copy /�r�f �kɒpi/ noun a draft ofa document which, it is expected, will havechanges made to itrough draftrough draft /�r�f �drɑ�ft/ noun a plan ofa document which may have changes madeto it before it is completerough outrough out /�r�f �aυt/ verb to make adraft or a general design � He roughed outsome sketches for the covers.rough proofrough proof /�r�f �pru�f/ noun a proofwhich shows in general how the layoutlooks, used to indicate changes to thelayoutrough trimmedrough trimmed /�r�f �trmd/ adjectiverelating to an art book whose pages are notall trimmed to the same measure, e.g.where only the excessively long or widepages are trimmedroundround /raυnd/ adjective circular � verb tomake the spine of a book round � bookwith a rounded back a book with aconvex spineround and backround and back /�raυnd ən �b�k/,rounding and backing noun a process inbinding where the book is given a roundedspine and a concave foredge, also givingthe book a hingeround bracketsround brackets /raυnd �br�kts/plural noun printing symbols ( ), whichenclose words or characters and separatethem from the rest of the textrounded backrounded back /�raυndd �b�k/ adjec-tive relating to a style of binding where thespine is made slightly roundrounded cornersrounded corners /�raυndd �kɔ�nəz/plural noun corners of pages which are notcut square, but are made roundroutrout /raυt/ verb to cut away the blankparts of a plate so that there is no chance oftheir printing by accidentroutingrouting /�raυtŋ/ noun the cutting awayof redundant blank parts from a platerowrow /rəυ/ noun a horizontal line in a table,as opposed to columns which are vertical �row of dots a series of dots printed oneafter the other, used to indicate that some-thing is missing or to lead the eye acrossthe pageroyalroyal /�rɔəl/ adjective a traditional size ofbook and paper (25 x 20 inches)

COMMENT: The metric royal paper sizesare: royal octavo (234 x 156mm), royalquarto (312 x 237mm); the quad royal sheetis (1272 x 960mm).

royaltyroyalty /�rɔəlti/ noun money paid to awriter for the right to use his or her prop-

erty, usually a percentage of sales or anagreed amount per sale

COMMENT: Royalties can vary considerably.An established author may receive 10% ofthe list price on hardback sales and 15% forpaperback sales. Royalties can be basedon the list price (i.e., the price of the bookbefore it is discounted to the bookshop), oron the receipts, which are the moneyreceived by the publisher from thebookshop. It is common to pay a royalty onreceipts in the case of sales overseas,since they are usually at very highdiscounts. Royalty statements will normallyshow the numbers of copies sold in variousmarkets, together with the list price and thediscounted receipts. In Scandinavia (but notin the UK) it is normal for the author to insiston being told the quantity of copies printed,as this will indicate the numbers given awayfor review or as specimen copies. InRussia, royalties are not based on sales,but on the size of the book: a royalty wouldbe X roubles per 1000 characters or per 10pages ‘signature’. In the UK, slidingroyalties are common on paperbacks,where the author gets an increased royaltyas the quantity sold increases. In Russia,the opposite is the case, where the authorgets a smaller percentage royalty fromreprints.

royalty chequeroyalty cheque /�rɔəlti tʃek/ noun acheque covering royalties for a particularperiodroyalty splitroyalty split /�rɔəlti splt/ noun theway in which a royalty is divided betweenseveral authors or between author andillustratorroyalty statementroyalty statement /�rɔəlti�stetmənt/ noun a printed statement froma publisher showing how much royalty isdue to an authorRPRP abbreviation reprintingRPMRPM abbreviation resale price mainte-nanceRP/NDRP/ND /�ɑ� pi� en �di�/ noun a report froma publisher showing that a book will bereprinted, but no date can be given forcopies being availableRPUCRPUC noun a report used by publishers toencourage bookshops to order out-of-printtitles, and so record duesRSSRSS noun a format which allows pieces ofmicrocontent to be sent as an automaticfeed from their source to another websiteor a handset device. Full form ReallySimple SyndicationRTFRTF noun a text file format whichincludes text commands that describe thepage, type, font and formatting � The RTFformat allows formatted pages to beexchanged between different word-


231 running text

processing software. Full form rich textformat.rtf.rtf suffix a file extension for an RTF filerubrub /r�b/ verb to damage something byrepeated movement of one surface onanother � to rub out to remove pencilnotes with a rubberrubberrubber /�r�bə/ noun 1. an elastic materialmade from the sap of a tree 2. a piece ofsoft material used to remove pencil marksrubber blanketrubber blanket /�r�bə �bl�ŋkt/ noun arubber sheet which goes round the cylinderin an offset press and takes the image fromthe cylinder to be printed on the paperrubber stamprubber stamp /�r�bə �st�mp/ noun asmall block of rubber, metal or woodwhich is used in combination with ink tomake a mark on something to show that itis official or to show ownershiprubilithrubilith /�ru�blθ/ noun a red maskingfilm used for photographic maskingrub resistancerub resistance /�r�b r|�zstəns/ nounthe ability of a printed surface not to bedamaged by rubbing, an important factorin printing packaging materialrubricrubric /�ru�brk/ noun a set of rules orinstructions like those at the beginning ofan examination paperrubyruby /�ru�bi/ noun an old printing size,similar to five point (NOTE: The US term isagate.)rulerule /ru�l/ noun 1. a regulation tellingwhat is and is not allowed 2. a thin strip ordesign used for borders or for separatingcolumns of type � verb to make a straightline or mark something with straight linesruled borderruled border /�ru�ld �bɔ�də/ noun aframe to a page made up of a straight lineround the edgeruled paperruled paper /�ru�ld �pepə/ noun paperthat has lines printed on it for writing onrulerruler /�ru�lə/ noun a long, flat object cali-brated in inches or centimetres which isused for measuring or drawing straightlinesruler guideruler guide /�ru�lə "ad/ noun a non-printing dotted line that is used in pagelayout software to help align objects prop-erly on the pageruler lineruler line /�ru�lə lan/ noun same as tabrackrulingruling /�ru�lŋ/ noun an official decisionwhich must be obeyedrunrun /r�n/ verb 1. to take charge of and beresponsible for an organisation or activity� The head librarian will be running the

next course. 2. to make a machine work �They run the computer every day.run aroundrun around /r�n ə|�raυnd/, run roundnoun type which is not set to the full widthbut goes round an illustration � verb tochange the layout of text so that it goesround an illustration � Run the blurb textround the photograph of the author.run backrun back /�r�n �b�k/ verb US to movetext from the beginning of one line back tothe end of the previous line or from the topof one page back to the bottom of theprevious page (NOTE: The UK term is takeback.)run downrun down /�r�n �daυn/ verb 1. to movetext from the end of one line to the begin-ning of the next line or from the bottom ofone page to the top of the next page (NOTE:The UK term is take over.) 2. to reduce theamount of work done by a department ororganisation 3. to criticise somebodyaggressivelyrunnabilityrunnability /�r�nə|�blti/ noun theability of paper to run easily through aprinting pressrunnerrunner /�r�nə/ noun a small line numberprinted in the margin of a textrunning costsrunning costs /�r�nŋ kɒsts/, runningexpenses plural noun money spent on theday-to-day cost of keeping a businessgoing. Also called operating costs

COMMENT: In book production, running orvariable costs are all the costs which varywith the print run (paper, printing andbinding costs); fixed or plant costs includetypesetting, reproduction, editorial costs.

running footrunning foot /�r�nŋ fυt/ noun a line ofprint which appears at the foot of each pagerunning headrunning head /�r�nŋ hed/, runningheadline noun a headline which runs frompage to page throughout a book, usuallythe title or a chapter title, but in diction-aries, directories and encyclopedias it isusually the first and last headwords on eachpagerunning onrunning on /�r�nŋ �ɒn/ noun theprinting of sheets after the machine hasbeen made readyrunning sheetrunning sheet /�r�nŋ ʃi�t/ noun aprinted sheet taken from the machine at thebeginning of a print run to check if it isprinting correctlyrunning textrunning text /�r�nŋ �tekst/ noun themain text of a book which continues overthe pages, in which notes and illustrationshave only a set limited position


running total 232running total

running total /�r�nŋ �təυt(ə)l/ noun atotal carried from one column of figures tothe nextrun of book

run of book /r�n əv bυk/, run of paper,run of week /�r�n əv �wi�k/ noun anadvertiser’s order to the advertising depart-ment of a publication, in which space isbought at the basic rate without specifyingthe advertisement’s position. Abbr ROB,ROP, ROWrun off

run off /�r�n �ɒf/ verb to print somethingrapidly � They ran off six hundred leafletsbefore lunch.run on

run on /�r�n �ɒn/ verb 1. to print moresheets after the first number have beenprinted � Can you quote for 5,000 print runand 1,000 run on? � We decided to run on3,000 copies to the first printing. 2. tomake the text continue without a break, orwithout a line break � The quotationshould run on from the line above.run-on chapter

run-on chapter /�r�n ɒn �tʃ�ptə/ nouna chapter that does not start a new page(NOTE: The US term is run-in chapter.)

run-on pricerun-on price /�r�n ɒn pras/ noun aprice for the extra sheets run on after themain quantity has been printedrun-outrun-out /�r�n aυt/ noun a bromideproduced by a phototypesetterrun overrun over /�r�n �əυvə/ verb to allow textto go onto the next line or page � The lasttwo lines of the quotation can run overonto the following page.runoverrunover /�r�nəυvə/ noun US a block oftext which has been resetrun throughrun through /�r�n θru�/ adjective goingright across the sheet of paperrushrush /r�ʃ/ noun an act of doing somethingfast � verb to make something go fast � torush an order through the factory � to rusha shipment to Africarushesrushes /�r�ʃz/ plural noun positivecinema or video film which is printed fromthe negatives, and which has not beeneditedrush jobrush job /�r�ʃ d�ɒb/ noun a job that hasto be done fastrush orderrush order /�r�ʃ �ɔ�də/ noun an orderthat has to be supplied fast


Ssaddle

saddle /�s�d(ə)l/ noun a device on whichan unbound booklet is placed to be stitchedsaddle stitchsaddle stitch /�s�d(ə)l sttʃ/ noun inbookbinding, a method of binding thepages of a small book or magazine togetherby folding it in half and stitching along theline of the foldsaddle-stitched

saddle-stitched /�s�d(ə)l �sttʃt/adjective bound with saddle-stitchingsaddle-stitchersaddle-stitcher /�s�d(ə)l �sttʃə/ nouna machine for saddle-stitchingsaddle-stitchingsaddle-stitching /�s�d(ə)l �sttʃŋ/noun binding where the signature isstitched through the middle of the fold,usually with wire, usually for small booksup to 96 pages maximumsaddle-wire stitchingsaddle-wire stitching /�s�d(ə)l �waə�sttʃŋ/ noun saddle-stitching using metalwire, like staplessafety marginsafety margin /�sefti �mɑ�d�n/ nounthe time or space allowed for something tobe safesalesale /sel/ noun the act of selling or ofgiving an item in exchange for moneysaleability

saleability /�selə |�blti/ noun a qualityin an item which makes it easy to sellsale on commissionsale on commission /�sel ɒn kə|

�mʃ(ə)n/ noun same as commission salesale or returnsale or return /�sel ɔ� r|�t!�n/ noun asystem where the retailer sends stock backif it is not sold, and receives credit from thesupplier for unsold items � We have taken400 copies on sale or return.sales appealsales appeal /�selz ə|�pi�l/ noun thequalities of a product which makecustomers want to buy itsales budgetsales budget /�selz �b�d�t/ noun aplan of probable salessales campaign

sales campaign /�selz k�m |�pen/noun planned work to achieve higher sales

sales chartsales chart /�selz tʃɑ�t/ noun adiagram showing how sales vary frommonth to monthsales conferencesales conference /�selz�kɒnf(ə)rəns/ noun a meeting of salesmanagers, representatives, publicity staff,etc., to discuss results and future salesplans. Also called sales meetingsales curvesales curve /�selz k!�v/ noun a graphshowing how sales increase or decreasesales departmentsales department /�selz d |

�pɑ�tmənt/ noun a department in acompany which organises the sales of itsproductssales drivesales drive /�selz drav/ noun avigorous effort to increase salessales executivesales executive /�selz " |�zekjυtv/noun a person in a company in charge ofsales to particular clientssales figuressales figures /�selz �f"əz/ plural nounthe total sales, or sales broken down bycategorysales forcesales force /�selz fɔ�s/ noun a group ofsalespeople working for one companysales forecastsales forecast /�selz �fɔ�kɑ�st/ noun acalculation of future salessales ledgersales ledger /�selz �led�ə/ noun a bookin which sales are notedsales literaturesales literature /�selz �lt(ə)rətʃə/noun printed information such as leafletsor prospectuses which helps salessales managersales manager /�selz �m�nd�ə/ nouna person in charge of a sales departmentsales meetingsales meeting /�selz �mi�tŋ/ nounsame as sales conferencesalespersonsalesperson /�selz |�p!�s(ə)n/ noun aperson who represents a company, sellingits products or services to retail shops � Wehave six salespeople calling on accounts incentral London.sales plansales plan /�selz pl�n/ noun a plan formarketing a book


sales promotion 234sales promotionsales promotion /�selz prə|

�məυʃ(ə)n/ noun sales techniques aimed atincreasing sales, e.g. offering free gifts,running competitionssales reportsales report /�selz r|�pɔ�t/ noun acomputer printout showing the sales over aparticular periodsales representativesales representative /�selz repr |

�zentətv/, sales rep /�selz rep/ noun aperson who works for a company, showinggoods or services for sale � We have sixsales representatives in Europe. � Theyhave vacancies for sales reps to call onaccounts in the north of the country.sales sheetsales sheet /�selz ʃi�t/ noun a piece ofpaper which gives details of a product andexplains why it is goodsales targetssales targets /�selz �tɑ�"ts/ pluralnoun the amount of sales a representativeis expected to achievesales volumesales volume /�selz �vɒlju�m/ nounsame as volume of salesSalon du LivreSalon du Livre /�s�lɒn dυ �li�vrə/ nouna book fair in a French-speaking country,e.g. the Paris Salon du Livresame sizesame size /�sem �saz/ noun an instruc-tion on artwork, showing that it has to bekept the same size and not reduced orenlarged. Abbr s/ssamizdatsamizdat /�s�mzd�t/ noun publishingcarried on by private individuals or groupsin a country where the state has amonopoly of publishing and wherepublishing is strictly censored. � under-ground literature

COMMENT: Originally applied to Russia(‘samizdat’ is an abbreviated form of theRussian for ‘do-it-yourself-publishing’); theterm is now used for any country.

samplesample /�sɑ�mpəl/ noun a small quantityof a product used to show what it is likesample booksample book /�sɑ�mpəl bυk/ noun abook showing samples of different types ofcloth or paper, etc.sample coversample cover /�sɑ�mpəl �k�və/ noun aproof of a cover of a book, used as salesmaterialsample pagessample pages /�sɑ�mpəl �pedz/plural noun a proof of pages of a book,showing the layout and part of the text,used as sales materialsand trapsand trap /�s�nd tr�p/ noun a set ofbars in a trough which trap heavy particlesof grit that may have got into the pulpbefore it goes into the papermakingprocess

sans serifsans serif /�s�nz �serf/ noun a style ofprinting letters with all lines of equal thick-ness and no serifs. � serif (NOTE: Oftensimply called sans: The headwords are setin a 9 point sans face.)

COMMENT: Sans faces are less easy to readthan seriffed faces and they are rarely usedfor continuous text, although somemagazines use them for text matter.Nevertheless, legibility is not always whatthe typographer is aiming for; immediaterecognisability of a word is possibly easierwith sans faces, and this is why they arecommonly used for road signs and otherpublic notices. Sans faces are not ascommon in the USA as in Europe.

saveallsaveall /�sevɔ�l/ noun a device in apaper mill to save useful fibres from thewhite water drained out of pulpsawingsawing /�sɔ�ŋ/ noun the process ofcutting notches in the sewn signatures forcords to lie in when hand bindingSBNSBN abbreviation Standard Book Numberscsc abbreviation 1. an instruction to thecompositor to set text in small capitals,indicated by the copy editor on the manu-script with two lines under the text. Fullform small caps 2. single columnscalablescalable /�skeləb(ə)l/ adjective refer-ring to fonts used for computer graphicsthat can be made to appear in a wide rangeof sizesscalescale /skel/ noun 1. a set of marks orstandards for measuring things 2. the sizeor level of something in relation to what isusual � Scale of development was verydifficult to estimate. � verb 1. to indicate onartwork how it should be reduced orenlarged � to scale down, to scale up tomake something smaller or bigger inproportion 2. to calculate how much anillustration should be enlarged or reducedto fitscale drawingscale drawing /�skel �drɔ�ŋ/ noun adrawing which is done to scalescale of chargesscale of charges /�skel əv �t�ɑ�d�z/,scale of prices /skel əv/ noun a listshowing various pricesscale outscale out /�skel �aυt/ verb to show howmany copies each store in a chain will take,according to a system based on the size ofthe shopscale-outscale-out /�skel aυt/ noun a system ofordering different numbers of copies fordifferent stores in a chainscalpelscalpel /�sk�lpəl/ noun a very sharpknife, used by designers when cuttingartwork or film


235 sci-fiscampscamp /sk�mp/ noun a very roughlayout of text and illustrationsscanscan /sk�n/ verb 1. to look at somethingvery quickly in order to see what it is about2. to examine periodicals routinely in orderto keep users informed of new material 3.to use a machine to read coded data � nounan examination of an image or object toobtain datascan areascan area /�sk�n �eəriə/ noun thesection of an image read by a scannerscannerscanner /�sk�nə/ noun a machine thatconverts documents, drawings or photo-graphs into machine-readable form

COMMENT: A scanner can be a device usingphotoelectric cells as in an image digitiser,or a device that samples data from aprocess. One type of scanner reads thebarcode on the product label using a laserbeam and photodiode; another can readtext and by recognising characters, storesthem as data on a computer; yet anothertype will scan colour originals and carry outcolour separations.

scanningscanning /�sk�nŋ/ noun 1. the action ofexamining and producing data from theshape of an object or drawing 2. theprocess of carrying out colour separationselectronicallyscanning devicescanning device /�sk�nŋ d |�vas/noun a device that allows micrographicimages to be selected rapidly from a reel offilmscanning errorscanning error /�sk�nŋ �erə/ noun anerror introduced while scanning an image� A wrinkled or torn page may be the causeof scanning errors.scanning ratescanning rate /�sk�nŋ ret/ noun thetime taken to scan one line or imagescanning resolutionscanning resolution /�sk�nŋ rezə |

�lu�ʃ(ə)n/ noun the ability of a scanner toregister small pixelsscanning speedscanning speed /�sk�nŋ spi�d/ nounthe speed with which a line or image isscanned � Its scanning speed is 9.9seconds for an 8.5 x 11 inch document.scan platescan plate /�sk�n plet/ noun anengraved printing plate made by electronicphotoengravingscatter proofscatter proof /�sk�tə pru�f/ noun aproof showing several illustrations printedtogether on the same sheet, and not as theywill appear in the final page layoutscenarioscenario /s|�nɑ�riəυ/ noun the way inwhich a situation is likely to develop � Theplanners took account of the worst possiblescenario.

scheduleschedule /�ʃedju�l/ noun 1. a written listof information, e.g. prices, conditions,dates and times 2. a detailed writtenprogramme of events and timesschedulingscheduling /�ʃedju�lŋ/ noun the act ofdrawing up a plan or timetablescholarly booksscholarly books /�skɒləli bυks/ pluralnoun books published on university andacademic subjectsscholarly pressscholarly press /�skɒləli pres/ noun apublishing company that publishes schol-arly booksscholasticscholastic /skə|�l�stk/ adjectiverelated to university and academic subjectsschoolschool /sku�l/ noun 1. a faculty, depart-ment or institution that offers specialisedinstruction in an academic subject 2. all thestaff and students of an educational institu-tion 3. a place or period of activityregarded as providing knowledge or expe-rienceschool bookschool book /�sku�l bυk/ noun aneducational book published for use inschoolsschool book supplyschool book supply /�sku�l bυk sə |

�pla/ noun a method of supplying books toschoolsschool editionschool edition /�sku�l |�dʃ(ə)n/ nounan edition of a book specially made for saleto schoolsschool representativeschool representative /�sku�l rep/,school rep, schools rep noun a repre-sentative who calls on schools to showbooks to teachers who may then orderthem for the studentsschools broadcastschools broadcast /�sku�lz�brɔ�dkɑ�st/ noun a television or radioprogramme for schoolssciencescience /�saəns/ noun knowledgewhich can be tested and proved usuallyaccording to natural lawsscience editorscience editor /�saəns �edtə/ noun aneditor at a publishing house responsible fora science listscience fictionscience fiction /�saəns �fkʃən/ nounfiction books based on imaginative ideasabout the future on this and other planets.Abbr sci-fiscientificscientific technical and medicalpublishing /�saəntfk �teknk(ə)l ən�medk(ə)l �p�blʃŋ/ noun publishing ofspecialised books in science, technologyand medicine. Abbr STMsci-fisci-fi /�sa fa/ abbreviation sciencefiction


scissors and paste job 236scissors and paste jobscissors and paste job /�szəz ən�pest d�ɒb/ noun 1. the preparation of adesign paste-up or camera-ready copy forreproduction, by taking various pieces ofartwork or film and pasting them in posi-tion 2. a book or article made almostentirely of passages from other workssci-tech

sci-tech /�sa tek/ noun US scientific andtechnical publishingscoop

scoop /sku�p/ noun 1. an exciting newsstory which a reporter is the first to find, orwhich no other newspaper has reported 2.the signing of a sought-after person towrite for one’s newspaper or publishingcompanyscore

score /skɔ�/ verb to draw lines with asharp edge or rule across paper or card, sothat it can fold more easilyscoringscoring /�skɔ�rŋ/ noun the process ofmaking lines on paper or board so that itwill fold more easily, used on the covers ofpaper-bound books so that the covers bendeasilyScotchprint

Scotchprint /�skɒtʃprnt/ a trade namefor a coated repro film, used for makinglitho originals from letterpress blocksscoutscout /skaυt/ noun a person who looksout for somethingscrapscrap /skr�p/ noun waste material orpieces of paper � verb to throw somethingaway as useless � They had to scrap 10,000covers and reprint them with the correcttitle.scraperboardscraperboard /�skrepəbɔ�d/ noun aboard used by artists, either a white boardwith a black coating, or a black board witha white coatingscratch

scratch /skr�tʃ/ verb to draw a little linethrough a character to show that it is wrongscreamer

screamer /�skri�mə/ noun (informal ) 1.an exclamation mark 2. US a very largeheadline in a newspaperscreenscreen /skri�n/ noun a flat surfacecapable of displaying pictures and words �verb to investigate or check people orthings for a specific fault or danger � Theinformation was screened to check that itwas completely accurate.

COMMENT: Photographic screens havevaried degrees of fineness. according to thesubject matter and type of paper used. Thedots vary between 40 and 200 lines perinch. Typical screens are 50 to 60 fornewsprint, 80 to 100 for MF and SC papers,120 to 133 for imitation art papers and 150or more for high-grade art papers.

screen anglescreen angle /�skri�n ��ŋ"(ə)l/ nounthe angle at which a screen is set before thephotograph is takenscreen attributesscreen attributes /skri�n ə|�trbju�ts/plural noun variables defining the shape,size and colour of text or graphicsdisplayedscreen editorscreen editor /�skri�n �edtə/ nounsoftware that allows the user to edit text onscreen, with one complete page of infor-mation being displayed at a timescreened printscreened print /�skri�nd prnt/ noun aprint made using a screenscreen formatscreen format /�skri�n �fɔ�m�t/ nounthe way in which a screen is laid outscreenfulscreenful /�skri�nfυl/ noun onecomplete frame of information displayedon a computer monitorscreenplayscreenplay /�skri�nple/ noun the textof the dialogue of a filmscreen printscreen print /�skri�n prnt/ noun a printtaken from a film which has been screenedscreen printingscreen printing /�skri�n �prntŋ/,screen process printing noun a printingprocess where a design is inked through afine screen, parts of which are covered by astencil to prevent the ink passing throughscreen refreshscreen refresh /�skri�n r |�freʃ/ verb toupdate regularly the images on a CRTscreen by scanning each pixel with apicture beam to make sure the image is stillvisiblescreen rulingscreen ruling /�skri�n �ru�lŋ/ noun thenumber of lines per inch on a screen or thenumber of dots per inch on a halftonescreen tintscreen tint /�skri�n tnt/ noun amechanical screen, shading in dots orlines, which is preprinted and can be cut upand stuck down to give shading in artworkscreenwriterscreenwriter /�skri�nratə/ noun aperson who writes scenarios for filmsscriptscript /skrpt/ noun 1. the written text ofa play or film 2. handwriting which ismade to look like printing � verb to writethe script for a play, film or TV documen-tary � The show was scripted by Joe Smith.scriptwriterscriptwriter /�skrptratə/ noun aperson who writes a film or TV or radioscriptscrollscroll /skrəυl/ verb to move text up ordown a computer screen one line at a timescrubscrub /skr�b/ verb to wipe informationoff a disk, or remove data from a store �Scrub all files referring to 1994 taxes.scuffingscuffing /�sk�fŋ/ noun the rougheningof a paper surface due to rubbing


237 see copyscummingscumming /�sk�mŋ/ noun a situationwhere the non-image areas of a litho-graphic print take in ink, giving blackmarks in the white areas. Also called catchupsearchsearch /s!�tʃ/ verb to look through adocument in order to find a specific item orword � noun the process of identifying acharacter, word or section of data in adocument or filesearch and replacesearch and replace /�s!�tʃ ən r |

�ples/ noun a facility on a word processorwhich allows the user to find words orstrings of characters and change themsearch directorysearch directory /�s!�tʃ da |�rekt(ə)ri/noun a website in which links to informa-tion are organised into a categorical, alpha-betical hierarchy to provide the broadestresponse to a querysearch enginesearch engine /�s!�tʃ �end�n/ nounsoftware that carries out a search of a data-base when a user asks it to find informa-tion. On the Internet there are many searchengines that list all the websites and allowa user to find a website by searching forparticular information.search engine registrationsearch engine registration /�s!�tʃ�end�n red� |�streʃ(ə)n/ noun theprocess of registering a website with asearch engine, so that the site can beselected when a user requests a searchsearch routinesearch routine /�s!�tʃ ru� |�ti�n/ nounsoftware which allows the user to searchfor an item in a databasesecondary colourssecondary colours /�sekənd(ə)ri�k�ləz/ plural noun colours formed bymixing primary colourssecondary educationsecondary education /�sekənd(ə)ri�edjυ|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun the period ofschooling between primary school andfurther or higher education, usually fromabout 11 to 16 or 18 years of agesecondary publishingsecondary publishing /�sekənd(ə)ri�p�blʃŋ/ noun publishing books for usein secondary schoolssecond coloursecond colour /�sekənd �k�lə/ nounthe colour which is printed second in two-colour worksecond coversecond cover /�sekənd �k�və/ nounthe inside front cover of a magazinesecond halfsecond half /�sekənd �hɑ�f/, secondhalf-year /�sekənd �hɑ�f jə/ noun aperiod of six months from 1st July to endof December � The figures for the secondhalf are up on those for the first part of theyear.

secondhandsecondhand /�sekənd|�h�nd/ adjectiverelating to something that has been previ-ously owned by somebody elsesecond quartersecond quarter /�sekənd �kwɔ�tə/noun a period of three months from Aprilto the end of Junesecond serial rightssecond serial rights /�sekənd �səriəl�rats/ plural noun the right to publishsections of a book in a magazine or news-paper after the book has been publishedsecretsecret /�si�krət/ noun a piece of informa-tion that is known only to a few people andis intentionally withheld from generalknowledgesectionsection /�sekʃən/ noun 1. part of a bookwhich is made from one sheet of paper �The book is printed in 32-page sections. �

signature 2. a supplement to a newspaperor magazine � The paper has a specialtravel section on Saturdays. 3. a printedsign showing a paragraph division or that afootnote is being referred to 4. a depart-ment within a company � the legal sectionsectorsector /�sektə/ noun a division of a groupor area which is also part of a larger onesecure serversecure server /s |�kjυə �s!�və/ noun anInternet server that allows for the encryp-tion of data and thus is suitable for use in e-commerceSecure Sockets LayerSecure Sockets Layer /s|�kjυə�sɒkts �leə/ noun a secure format forsending documents which are encryptedand decrypted using two special keys.Abbr SSLsecure systemsecure system /s |�kjυə �sstəm/ nouna system that cannot be accessed withoutthe permission of the ownersecure websitesecure website /s |�kjυə �websat/noun a website on the Internet thatencrypts the messages between the visitorand the site to ensure that no hacker oreavesdropper can intercept the informationsecuritysecurity /s |�kjυərti/ noun measurestaken to make a place or person safe fromattack or dangersecurity papersecurity paper /s |�kjυərti �pepə/noun paper with a special watermark toprevent it being imitatedsecurity printersecurity printer /s |�kjυərti �prntə/noun a printer who prints paper money,company reports, secret government docu-ments, etc.see copysee copy /�si� �kɒpi/ verb an instructionto the typesetter to look at the originalmanuscript to see how the text setting isinstructed


see-safe 238see-safesee-safe /�si� sef/ noun an agreementwhere the publisher who has sold books toa bookseller will give credit for unsoldbooks at the end of a period under partic-ular conditions � We bought the stock see-safe.see-throughsee-through /�si� θru�/ noun a situationwhere text on the verso of a page can beseen through the paperseizeseize /si�z/ verb to take hold of somethingor to take possession of something � Thecustoms seized the shipment of books. �The court ordered the company’s funds tobe seized.seizureseizure /�si��ə/ noun taking possessionof something � The court ordered theseizure of the books.selectselect /s |�lekt/ verb to find and choosespecific information or dataselectionselection /s|�lekʃən/ noun a range ofproducts and services available and chosenself-archivingself-archiving /�self �ɑ�kavŋ/ nounthe act of archiving an electronic documentby uploading a copy to a publicly-acces-sible websiteself-coverself-cover /�self �k�və/ noun a coverwhich is printed on the same paper as thetext of the book, used for brochures andsmall booksself-endpapersself-endpapers /�self �endpepəz/,self-ends plural noun endpapers that arepart of the printed book, and not addedspeciallyself-mailerself-mailer /self �melə/ noun a mailingpiece which does not need an envelopeself-publishingself-publishing /�self �p�blʃŋ/ nouna type of publishing in which the authorsarrange for the books to be printed,marketed and sold, rather than using atraditional publishing companyself-sealingself-sealing /�self �si�lŋ/ adjectivesticking itself without needing to be wettedself-wrapperself-wrapper /�self �r�pə/ noun same asself-coversellerseller /�selə/ noun something that sells �This book is a steady seller.selling costsselling costs /�selŋ kɒsts/ plural nounthe amount of money to be paid for adver-tising, reps’ commissions, etc., involved inselling somethingselling fairselling fair /�selŋ �feə/ noun a book fairsuch as the Geneva Book Fair or the ParisSalon du Livre, where books can be sold tothe publicsemi-semi- /semi/ prefix combining with nounsand adjectives to form words which

describe something that is only in a partstatesemi-boldsemi-bold /�semi bəυld/ noun a type-face which is between light and boldsemichemical pulpsemichemical pulp /�semikemk(ə)lp�lp/ noun pulp that is prepared partly bymechanical means and partly by chemicalsemicolonsemicolon /�semi|�kəυlɒn/ noun a punc-tuation sign (;) used to join rather thanseparate two parts of a sentence, as in ‘Thesafe that had been broken into was on oneside of the room; the other safe appeared tobe intact.’semi-display advertisementsemi-display advertisement /�semid |�sple əd|�v!�tsmənt/ noun an adver-tisement inside a box in the classifiedadvertisements section of a newspapersemiliteratesemiliterate /�semi|�lt(ə)rət/ adjective1. unable to read or write properly 2. UShaving only limited understanding of aparticular subject, especially a technicalonesensitisesensitise /�senstaz/, sensitize verb tomake something sensitivesensitised papersensitised paper /�senstazd �pepə/noun paper that has had chemicals added toit or has been coated with a substance, tomake it sensitive to lightsensitivesensitive /�senstv/ adjective stronglyable to be aware of feelingssensitivity guidesensitivity guide /�sens |�tvti �"ad/noun a strip of film which can be used toshow what exposure to usesentencesentence /�sentəns/ noun a group ofwords which is complete in itself,containing a subject and a verbseparateseparate verb /�sepəret/ to cause twothings to be apart and unconnected � adjec-tive /�sep(ə)rət/ not together � noun/�sep(ə)rət/ a single article from a journalwhich is reprinted separatelyseparated graphicsseparated graphics /�sepəretd�"r�fks/ plural noun displayed charactersthat do not take up the whole of a charactermatrix, resulting in spaces between themseparation filterseparation filter /�sepə|�reʃ(ə)n �fltə/noun one of the three filters used to makecolour separationsseparationsseparations /�sepə|�reʃ(ə)nz/ nouneach of the separated printing colourcomponents of a piece of artworksepiasepia /�si�piə/ noun a brown ink, oftenused to give an old-fashioned look tophotographs


239 setting costssepia photographsepia photograph /�si�piə�fəυtə"rɑ�f/ noun a photograph usingtones of sepia brownsequencesequence /�si�kwəns/ noun an arrange-ment which follows a consecutive ordersequential accesssequential access /s |�kwenʃ(ə)l��kses/ noun the state of information onlybeing able to be accessed in a given order

‘…no one is seriously expecting a tapereplacement, in large part because tapevolumes continue to vastly outstrip anycompetitive technologies. For all itssequential-access inconvenience andsheer old-fashioned aura, tape hasremained the reliable performer at theend of the enterprise data chain.’[Computing]

sequential access storagesequential access storage /s |

�kwenʃ(ə)l ��kses �stɔ�rd�/ noun astorage medium whose data is accessedsequentiallyserialserial /�səriəl/ noun 1. a journal or maga-zine that is published at regular intervals 2.a story published in regular instalmentsserialisationserialisation /�səriəla |�zeʃ(ə)n/, seri-alization noun publication of a book inparts in a magazine or newspaperserialiseserialise /�səriəlaz/, serialize verb topublish a book in parts in a magazine ornewspaperserial numberserial number /�səriəl �n�mbə/ noun anumber given to an item which identifies itby its position in a sequenceserial publicationserial publication /�səriəl �p�bl |

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun publication of a book inparts in several issues of a magazine ornewspaperserial rightsserial rights /�səriəl rats/ plural nounthe right to reproduce a book chapter bychapter in a magazine or newspaper over aperiod of timeseriesseries /�səri�z/ noun a group of relateditems ordered in a sequence, e.g. thevolumes in a set of books � ‘At LadyMolly’s’ is the seventh title in the ‘Dance tothe Music of Time’ series.series titleseries title /�səri�z �tat(ə)l/ noun thetitle given to a series of books, each one ofwhich has its own separate titleserifserif /�serf/ noun 1. a small decorativeline added to letters in some fonts. � sansserif 2. a font that uses serifs, such asTimes New Roman

COMMENT: Serifs can be straight, orsloping, or curved. They derive from Romanletters cut in stone. The purpose of addingserifs to letters is first to keep the letters

apart, while at the same time making itpossible to link one letter to the next, andsecondly to make the letters distinct, inparticular the top parts which the readerrecognises when reading. To test this,cover the bottom half of a line of seriffedface text and do the same for a line of sansface text: then compare the legibility of thetop parts of the letters. In the USA, seriffedfaces are preferred because some sansfaces do not distinguish between the capital‘I’ and the lower case ‘l’, making itimpossible to write the word ‘Illinois’, orparticularly its abbreviation ‘Ill’.

seriffedseriffed /�serft/ adjective with serifs �Times Roman is a seriffed typeface. �Seriffed type is more legible than sans serif.serigraphyserigraphy /se |�r"rəfi/ noun silk screenprinting, where the ink is forced through afine cloth onto the paper behindserverserver /�s!�və/ noun a computer with alarge storage capacity which provides afunction to a network of terminalsservice contractservice contract /�s!�vs �kɒntr�kt/noun a contract between a company and adirector showing all the director’s condi-tions of workservice providerservice provider /�s!�vs prə|�vadə/noun a company that provides people andbusinesses with access to the Internet,usually charging a monthly feesetset /set/ noun a group of related items �adjective 1. fixed or unable to be changed2. relating to text that has been typeset �verb to typeset or put a text into printedcharacters � The manuscript has beenmarked up and sent to the typesetters forsetting. � The page is set in 12 point TimesRoman. � ‘set flush’ set with no indents �‘set solid’ set without any leading betweenthe linesset formatset format /�set �fɔ�m�t/ noun a formatthat is used for all titles in a series andcannot be changedset offset off /�set �ɒf/ verb to transfer ink fromone sheet to anotherset-offset-off /�set ɒf/, setting-off noun aprinting defect where a sheet is markedwith wet ink from another newly printedsheetset sizeset size /�set �saz/ noun a measurementof horizontal dimensions in setssettingsetting /�setŋ/ noun 1. the time andplace where the action of a book or filmhappens 2. the position of the controls on amachine � There are two settings: fast andslow.setting costssetting costs /�setŋ kɒsts/ plural nounthe cost of typesetting a text


setting rule 240setting rulesetting rule /�setŋ ru�l/ noun the part ofa composing stick that has measurementson it, so that the compositor can measurethe width of the textsetting sticksetting stick /�setŋ stk/ noun anarrow box in which the compositor placesthe pieces of type as he or she sets each linesetting up costssetting up costs /�setŋ ��p kɒsts/,setup costs /�set�p kɒsts/ plural nounthe costs of getting a machine or a factoryready to make a new product after finishingwork on another onesetting-up timesetting-up time /�setŋ ��p �tam/,setup time /�set�p tam/ noun the timetaken to get a machine ready for printingset upset up /�set ��p/ verb to begin something� to set up a machine to get a machineready for printingset widthset width /�set �wdθ/ noun the width ofthe body of a printed characterseven P’sseven P’s /�sev(ə)n �pi�z/ plural noun asimple way of summarising the essentialsof the marketing mix, which are Product,Price, Promotion, Place, Packaging, Posi-tioning and Peoplesewsew /səυ/ verb to attach something usinga needle and threadsewingsewing /�səυŋ/ noun part of the bindingprocess, when gathered pages are sewntogether in signatures and then attached toform the book blocksewing machinesewing machine /�səυŋ mə|�ʃi�n/noun a machine for sewing signaturessewing threadsewing thread /�səυŋ θred/ nounthread used in a sewing machinesewn bindingsewn binding /�səυn �bandŋ/ nounbinding where the signatures are attachedwith threadsextodecimosextodecimo /�sekstəυ|�desməυ/noun a size of book page traditionallycreated by folding a single sheet ofstandard-sized printing paper four times,giving 16 leaves or 32 pagessexual discriminationsexual discrimination /�sekʃuəldskrm|�neʃ(ə)n/, sex discrimination/�seks dskrm |�neʃ(ə)n/ noun treatmentof male and female employees in differentways, usually to the disadvantage of thewomenSGMLSGML /�es d�i� em|�el/ noun a hardware-independent standard which defines howdocuments should be marked up to indicatebolds, italics, margins and so on. Full formstandard generalised markup language.� XML (NOTE: Generally used to code data

for database entry or to mark up a bookbefore it is typeset.)shadeshade /ʃed/ noun a variation in thecolour or black and white texture ofprinting produced by adding black � verbto colour in a section of a drawing byadding a darker colour or a textured patternshaded areashaded area /�ʃedd �eəriə/ noun adarker part in an illustrationshaded lettersshaded letters /�ʃedd �letəz/ pluralnoun display letters which give a shadoweffectshadingshading /�ʃedŋ/ noun the act ofshowing darker sections of a line drawingby adding dark colour or by drawing criss-cross linesshadowshadow /�ʃ�dəυ/ noun a dark part of aphotograph or halftoneshadow markshadow mark /�ʃ�dəυ mɑ�k/ noun apaper defect where marks left by the rollerscan be seenshankshank /ʃ�ŋk/ noun the main part of apiece of metal typeshare capitalshare capital /�ʃeə �k�pt(ə)l/ noun thevalue of the assets of a company held asshares, less its debtssharewareshareware /�ʃeəweə/ noun software thatis available free to sample, but if kept theuser is expected to pay a fee to the writersharpsharp /ʃɑ�p/ adjective very clear � Thereproduction is not sharp enough – theedges are fuzzy.sharpensharpen /�ʃɑ�pən/ verb to make some-thing sharpersharpnesssharpness /�ʃɑ�pnəs/ noun clearness ofa printed image � The cover lacks sharp-ness.shavingshaving /�ʃevŋ/ noun the act of trim-ming pages so much that part of the text iscut offshavingsshavings /�ʃevŋz/ plural noun thinstrips of paper cut off at the paper mill orduring bindingsheepskinsheepskin /�ʃi�pskn/ noun a whitebinding material made from the skin ofsheep. Compare parchmentsheetsheet /ʃi�t/ noun a large flat piece ofmaterial or papersheet cuttersheet cutter /�ʃi�t �k�tə/ noun amachine that cuts reeled paper into sheetssheetersheeter /�ʃi�tə/ noun a machine forcutting a web of paper into sheetssheet-fed presssheet-fed press /�ʃi�t fed �pres/ noun aprinting press which takes single sheets ofpaper, as opposed to a web press whichtakes reels of paper


241 shopsheet feedsheet feed /�ʃi�t fi�d/ noun a device thatfeeds single sheets of paper into a printerone at a timesheet feed attachmentsheet feed attachment /�ʃi�t fi�d ə|

�t�tʃmənt/ noun a device that can beattached to a printer to allow single sheetsof paper to be fed in automaticallysheet of papersheet of paper /�ʃi�t əv �pepə/ noun aflat piece of paper, especially a large pieceof paper for printing, which has not beenfoldedsheet sizessheet sizes /�ʃi�t �sazz/ plural nounthe standard sizes of paper available insheetssheet stocksheet stock /�ʃi�t stɒk/ noun a stock ofprinted sheets of a book, which are not yetboundsheet wandersheet wander /�ʃi�t �wɒndə/ noun adefect caused when the web of papermoves from side to side while passingthrough the presssheetwisesheetwise /�ʃi�twaz/ adverb printed onone side of a sheet of paper at a timesheet worksheet work /�ʃi�t w!�k/ noun printing onboth sides of a sheet of paper to produceone copyshelfbackshelfback /�ʃelfb�k/ noun the spine of abookshelf fillershelf filler /�ʃelf �flə/ noun a personwhose job it is to make sure that the shelvesin a shop are kept full of items for saleshelf spaceshelf space /�ʃelf spes/ noun theamount of space on shelves in a shopshelf talkershelf talker /�ʃelf �tɔ�kə/ noun a carddisplay which advertises a book, placed ona shelf next to the stock of the book itselfshelf wobblershelf wobbler /�ʃelf �wɒblə/ noun apiece of marketing material which adver-tises a book, attached to a shelf next to thestock of the book itself. Also calleddanglershelveshelve /ʃelv/ verb to postpone or cancel aplan � When costs rose to £100,000 thecompany decided to shelve the project. �The publication of the new reference serieshas been shelved.shelvingshelving /�ʃelvŋ/ noun 1. rows ofshelves or space on shelves � We installednew metal shelving in the paperbackdepartment. 2. the act of postponing orcancelling something � The shelving of theproject has resulted in six redundancies.shiftshift /ʃft/ noun a period of time spent atwork at any time during a 24-hour period �He works the day shift or night shift. � Wework an 8-hour shift. � The management is

introducing a shift system or shift working.� verb to move or to sell something � Weshifted 20,000 items in one week.shift keyshift key /�ʃft ki�/ noun a key on akeyboard which raises a letter to a capitalor combines with other command keys forword-processing and computing functionsshift workshift work /�ʃft w!�k/ noun a system ofwork in a factory with shiftsshilling strokeshilling stroke /�ʃlŋ strəυk/, shillingmark noun a solidus or oblique strokeshinershiner /�ʃanə/ noun a light spot in papershiningshining /�ʃanŋ/ noun the act of holdingprinted sheets up to the light to see that theprinted areas on the two sides are inregistershipship /ʃp/ verb to transport goods by seashipmentshipment /�ʃpmənt/ noun a quantity ofgoods, usually of the same kind, senttogether to a destination by any form oftransport, not just by sea � The shipment oflibrary equipment has just arrived at theairport.shippershipper /�ʃpə/ noun a person who sendsgoods or who organises the sending ofgoods for other customersshippingshipping /�ʃpŋ/ noun the sending ofgoodsshipping agentshipping agent /�ʃpŋ �ed�ənt/ nouna company that specialises in the sendingof goodsshipping clerkshipping clerk /�ʃpŋ klɑ�k/ noun aclerk who deals with shipping documentsshipping costsshipping costs /�ʃpŋ kɒsts/ pluralnoun the costs of sending goodsshipping instructionsshipping instructions /�ʃpŋ n|

�str�kʃənz/ plural noun details of howgoods are to be shipped and deliveredshipping noteshipping note /�ʃpŋ nəυt/ noun a notethat gives details of goods being shippedshiveshive /ʃav/ noun a small piece of woodfibre still visible in the finished papershoo fliesshoo flies /�ʃu� flaz/ plural noundevices which move the leading edge ofthe printed sheet up so that it goes out ofthe press easilyshootshoot /ʃu�t/ verb to use a camera to takephotographs or make a filmshooting stickshooting stick /�ʃu�tŋ stk/ noun ashort stick used to lock up or unlockformesshopshop /ʃɒp/ noun 1. a place where goodsare stored and sold (NOTE: The usual USterm is store so bookstore, paperbackstore, etc.) 2. a place where goods aremade


shop front 242shop frontshop front /�ʃɒp fr�nt/ noun the part ofa shop which faces the street, including theentrance and windowsshopliftershoplifter /�ʃɒplftə/ noun a person whosteals goods from shopsshopliftingshoplifting /�ʃɒplftŋ/ noun the act ofstealing goods from shopsshopping cartshopping cart /�ʃɒpŋ kɑ�t/ noun asoftware package that records the itemsthat an online buyer selects for purchasetogether with associated data, e.g. the priceof the item and the number of itemsrequiredshop-soiledshop-soiled /�ʃɒp sɔld/ adjective dirtybecause of having been on display in ashopshop windowshop window /�ʃɒp �wndəυ/ noun awindow in a shop where goods aredisplayed so that customers can see them,or a place where goods or services can beexhibitedshortshort /ʃɔ�t/ adjective having only a fewwords or pagesshortageshortage /�ʃɔ�td�/ noun 1. a lack ofsomething � a shortage of skilled staff � Weemploy part-timers to make up for staffshortages. � The import controls haveresulted in the shortage of spare parts. 2.the number of copies of a book or maga-zine which have not been printedshort andshort and /�ʃɔ�t ��nd/ noun a printingsign (&) which means ‘and’short columnshort column /�ʃɔ�t �kɒləm/ noun acolumn that has been printed with fewerlines than the other columns in the samebookshort creditshort credit /�ʃɔ�t �kredt/ noun termsallowing the customer only a short time topayshort descendersshort descenders /�ʃɔ�t d |�sendəz/plural noun descenders in particular type-faces which are shorter than in other type-facesshort discountshort discount /�ʃɔ�t �dskaυnt/ nouna discount which is less than the normaltrade discount, such as the discount oneducational booksshortenshorten /�ʃɔ�t(ə)n/ verb to reduce thelength of somethingshort grainshort grain /�ʃɔ�t "ren/ noun a sheet ofpaper where the grain runs across the sheet,parallel to the short side. Also called grainshortshort grain papershort grain paper /�ʃɔ�t "ren �pepə/noun paper where the grain is parallel tothe shorter side of the sheet

shorthandshorthand /�ʃɔ�th�nd/ noun a systemof signs and symbols which enablesspoken words to be written down veryquicklyshort inksshort inks /�ʃɔ�t ŋks/ plural noun inkswhich do not flow easily (NOTE: The oppo-site is long inks.)shortlistshortlist /�ʃɔ�tlst/ noun a small groupchosen from a larger group, from which thefinal choice is made � Five titles were onthe shortlist for the Booker Prize. � verb tochoose a few names of people or titles ofbooks from a longer list, as a first steptowards deciding on a person for a job orthe winner of a competition � Shortlistedcandidates will be asked for an interview.short pageshort page /ʃ |�ɔ�t ped�/ noun a pagewhich has been printed with fewer linesthan the other pages, either as a mistake orto avoid a design problemshort-range forecastshort-range forecast /�ʃɔ�t rend��fɔ�kɑ�st/ noun a forecast which covers aperiod of a few monthsshort runshort run /�ʃɔ�t r�n/ noun a print run ofonly a small number of copiesshortsshorts /ʃɔ�ts/ plural noun books whichhave not been printed in sufficient quantity.Compare oversshort storyshort story /�ʃɔ�t �stɒri/ noun a piece offiction between three and ten pages longshort-termshort-term /�ʃɔ�t �t!�m/ adjective onlyrelevant to the near futureshort tonshort ton /�ʃɔ�t �t�n/ noun US a measureof weight equalling 907 kilosshotshot /ʃɒt/ noun a photograph or stillframe from a filmshouldershoulder /�ʃəυldə/ noun 1. the edge ofthe spine of a book, which sticks outslightly 2. a sloping surface between thebevel of the metal type and the edge of thestemshoulder headsshoulder heads /�ʃəυldə hedz/ pluralnoun heads printed in a line on their ownshoulder notesshoulder notes /�ʃəυldə nəυts/ pluralnoun notes printed in the margin at thelevel of the first line of typeshoutshout /ʃaυt/ noun a short slogan adver-tising a book, which is printed in largeletters, in advertisements or on the bookjacketshowcardshowcard /�ʃəυkɑ�d/ noun a piece ofcardboard with advertising text, put near anitem for sale, sometimes on the countershowcaseshowcase /�ʃəυkes/ noun a cupboardwith a glass front or top to display items


243 signatureshowroomshowroom /�ʃəυru�m/ noun a roomwhere goods are displayed for saleshow sideshow side /�ʃəυ sad/ noun the side ofthe binding material which is visibleshow-throughshow-through /�ʃəυ θru�/ noun 1. apaper defect, where the paper is not opaqueenough 2. a defect in printing, where theprinted text on the back of a page can beseen through the page from the other side �compare strike-through

COMMENT: When the printing on one side ofthe paper can be seen from the other side,this is due either to show-through or tostrike-through. Show-through is caused byinadequate opacity of the paper, whilestrike-through results from the vehicle (theliquid component) of an oil-based inkpenetrating right through the sheet.

shredshred /ʃred/ verb to cut something intolong thin stripsshreddershredder /�ʃredə/ noun a machine thatcuts paper into very small pieces, usuallylong thin strips, used to destroy confiden-tial documentsshrinkshrink /ʃrŋk/ verb to get smaller or makesomething smaller � The educationalmarket has shrunk by 20%. � The drawingwas shrunk to fit the space. � The companyis having difficulty selling into a shrinkingmarket.shrinkageshrinkage /�ʃrŋkd�/ noun 1. theamount by which something gets smaller �to allow for shrinkage 2. losses of stockthrough theft, especially by members ofthe staff of a shop (informal)shrink-packagingshrink-packaging /�ʃrŋk �p�kd�ŋ/,shrink-wrapping /�ʃrŋk �r�pŋ/ noun theact of covering something such as a book,cassette or record in a tight plastic coverwhich is heated to seal it (NOTE: AnotherUS term is pre-shrunk packaging.)shrink-packedshrink-packed /�ʃrŋk p�kt/, shrink-wrapped /�ʃrŋk r�pt/ adjective coveredin a tight plastic protective covershrink-wrapshrink-wrap /�ʃrŋk r�p/ noun theplastic film used in shrink-packagingsideside /sad/ noun one surface of somethingflat such as a tape or piece of paper � It ispossible to record on both sides of thistape.sidebarsidebar /�sadbɑ�/ noun 1. a short newsstory containing additional relevant infor-mation that is printed beside a featuredstory 2. a block of text set beside the maintext in a web documentside headingside heading /�sad �hedŋ/, side headnoun a heading which is ranged to the leftwith text run on

side layside lay /�sad le/ noun the edge of asheet of paper, which is aligned by the sidelay gaugeside notesside notes /�sad nəυts/ plural nounnotes printed in the marginside-sewingside-sewing /�sad �səυŋ/, side-stitching noun a method of sewing a bookthrough the sides of the folded sheets, andnot at the fold. Also called McCain sewingside sortsside sorts /�sad sɔ�ts/ plural noun picharacters or special sortsside stickside stick /�sad stk/ noun a piece ofwood placed along the side of the pageinside a formeside wire bindingside wire binding /�sad �waə�bandŋ/, side wire stitching nounbinding by stapling through the sides of thefolded sheetssidingsiding /�sadŋ/ noun finishing a quarteror half binding by glueing paper or clothover the boards, covering the edges of theleathersigsig abbreviation signature (informal) �There are plates wrapped round sigs 2 and5.signsign /san/ noun a piece of wood, plasticor metal with words or pictures on it givinginformation � verb to write one’s signatureon a document � to sign for to put yoursignature on an official document to saythat you have received something � to signin to write your name on a list to say thatyou have arrived � to sign on to agree to acontract � copies signed by the author,signed by the illustrator copies of a bookwith the signature of the author or illus-trator in themsignatorysignatory /�s"nət(ə)ri/ noun a personwho has the legal right to sign an officialdocumentsignaturesignature /�s"ntʃə/ noun 1. a way ofwriting your name which is special to youand can be recognised as yours by otherpeople 2. a special authentication codesuch as a password which a user gives toprove his or her identity before accessing asystem or before the execution of a task 3.a sentence or paragraph used to end e-mailmessages and comments posted on theInternet. Normally a signature should beshort – no more than four lines – and mightinclude a short advertisement for yourservices and your e-mail address. 4. aprinted sheet, folded into 16, 32 or 64pages. Abbr sig (NOTE: The folded set ofprinted pages is technically speaking a‘section’, while the ‘signature’ is the identi-


signed limited edition 244

fying number or letter on it. However,‘signature’ is commonly used to mean theset of pages themselves.)signed limited editionsigned limited edition /�sand�lmtd |�dʃ(ə)n/ noun a small number ofcopies of a book, specially bound andnumbered, with the author’s or illustrator’ssignature in themsigning sessionsigning session /�sanŋ �seʃ(ə)n/noun same as book signingsign languagesign language /�san �l�ŋ"wd�/ nouncommunication, or a system of communi-cation, by gestures as opposed to written orspoken language, especially the highlydeveloped system of hand signs used by orto people who are hearing-impairedsilhouettesilhouette /�slu|�et/ noun an illustrationwhere the foreground is solid colour andthe background is whitesilk-screen printingsilk-screen printing /�slk skri�n�prntŋ/ noun a printing process where adesign is inked through a fine material suchas silk or nylon, parts of which are coveredby a stencil to prevent the ink passingthroughSilurianSilurian /sa|�lυəriən/ noun a type ofpaper where coloured fibre is added to thestock, giving a spotted appearancesimili leathersimili leather /�smli �leðə/ noun mate-rial which looks like leatherSimple Mail Transfer ProtocolSimple Mail Transfer Protocol/�smp(ə)l �mel �tr�nsf!� �prəυtəkɒl/noun a standard protocol which allowselectronic mail messages to be transferredfrom one system to another, normally usedas the method of transferring mail fromone Internet server to another or to sendmail from a computer to a server. AbbrSMTPsimultaneous editionssimultaneous editions/�sm(ə)lteniəs |�dʃ(ə)nz/ plural nountwo or more different versions of a bookpublished at the same time, e.g. in differentlanguagessimultaneouslysimultaneously /�sm(ə)l |�teniəsli/adverb happening at the same time � Thebook was published simultaneously inEngland and Australia.singer sewingsinger sewing /�sŋə �səυŋ/ noun athread sewing through the spine of aninsetted booksingle columnsingle column /�sŋ"(ə)l �kɒləm/adjective printed in one columnsingle-copy ordersingle-copy order /�sŋ"(ə)l �kɒpi�ɔ�də/ noun an order for one copy of abook, which may be uneconomical for a

large warehouse and may have a surchargeapplied by the suppliersingle density disksingle inverted commassingle inverted commas /�sŋ"(ə)ln |�v!�td �kɒməz/ plural noun same assingle quotation markssingle leafsingle leaf /�sŋ"(ə)l �li�f/ noun a cancelpage consisting of one sheet of papersingle line displaysingle line display /�sŋ"(ə)l lan ds |

�ple/ noun a small screen which displays asingle line of characters at a timesingle line spacingsingle line spacing /�sŋ"(ə)l �lan�spesŋ/ noun leaving no white linesbetween lines of textsingle quotation markssingle quotation marks /�sŋ"(ə)lkwəυ |�teʃ(ə)n �mɑ�ks/, single quotes/�sŋ"(ə)l kwəυtz/ plural noun printedsigns (‘ ’), used to show that a piece of texthas been quotedsingle revolution printingsingle revolution printing /�sŋ"(ə)l�revəlu�ʃ(ə)n �prntŋ/ noun a letterpressprocess where the cylinder rotates andprints one impression with every turnsingle sheet feedsingle sheet feed /�sŋ"(ə)l ʃi�t �fi�d/noun a device attached to a printer to allowsingle sheets of paper to be used instead ofcontinuous stationerysinksink /sŋk/ noun a hollow in the surface ofa printing platesinkagesinkage /�snkd�/ noun the amount ofdrop in a chapter heading or other headingsisalsisal /�sas(ə)l/ noun plant fibre, used tomake rope and also kraft papersit-down protestsit-down protest /�st daυn �prəυtest/noun protest action by members of staffwho occupy their place of work and refuseto leavesite licencesite licence /�sat �las(ə)ns/ noun anofficial permit to an institution and its staffto use particular softwaresixteenmosixteenmo /�sksti�nməυ/ noun 1. a sizeof page where the sheet of paper is foldedfour times to give 32 pages 2. a book that isprinted in 32-page sections 3. an Americanbook size about 6 or 7 inches high � abbr16mo16mo16mo abbreviation sixteenmo64mo64mo abbreviation sixty-fourmosixty-fourmosixty-fourmo /�siksti �fɔ�məυ/ noun 1.a size of book page traditionally created byfolding a single sheet of standard-sizedprinting paper six times, giving 64 leavesor 128 pages 2. a book that is printed in128-page sections 3. an American booksize about 3 inches high � abbr 64mosizesize /saz/ noun 1. the physical dimen-sions of something, which tell how big or


245 slip pages

small it is, usually indicated by its heightand width 2. a mixture of gelatine, alumand formaldehyde used to coat papersurfaces � verb to calculate the size ofsomething

COMMENT: Size is a mixture of resin andaluminium sulphate, added to paper pulp tomake the paper stiff and less absorbent.Surface sizing is now standard practice onmost paper and board. It increases surfacestrength, water resistance, stability of thedimensions of the paper, and gives asmooth surface for printing.

sized papersized paper /�sazd �pepə/ noun paperwith size addedsizingsizing /�sazŋ/ noun 1. the act ofreducing or enlarging a picture to fit �Photographs can be edited by cropping,sizing, etc. 2. the process of coating paperwith size 3. the material used for coatingpapersketchsketch /sketʃ/ noun a rough drawing toshow how a finished illustration or designshould look � The designer brought insome sketches for the new logo. � verb 1. tomake a rough drawing to show how some-thing should look when finished � Thedesign director had to choose betweenseveral sketches which the designers hadsubmitted. 2. to write a rough descriptionof something � The author sketched out theplan of a series of cookery books.sketch mapsketch map /�sketʃ m�p/ noun a roughmap, not necessarily drawn exactly to scaleskidskid /skd/ noun US a flat wooden baseon which goods can be stacked for easyhandling by a fork-lift truck (NOTE: The UKterm is pallet.)skipskip /skp/ verb 1. to miss something out2. to decide deliberately not to do some-thing or go somewhereskip capabilityskip capability /skp �kepə|�bləti/noun a feature of particular word proces-sors to allow the user to jump backwards orforwards by a quantity of text in a docu-mentskiverskiver /�skavə/ noun leather made bysplitting a sheepskin, used as a cover mate-rial for de luxe booksslabslab /sl�b/ verb to finish the preparationof an electrotype, by making the printingsurface evenslab serifslab serif /�sl�b �serf/ noun a typefacewhere the serifs are thick straight linesslack sheetslack sheet /�sl�k ʃi�t/ noun a situationwhere the paper in a web press is not tightenough

slander

slander /�slɑ�ndə/ noun an untruespoken statement which damages aperson’s character � verb � to slandersomeone to damage somebody’s characterby saying untrue things about themslash

slash /sl�ʃ/ noun an oblique stroke (/)used in typing (NOTE: In printing it is moreoften called a solidus.) � verb to cut orreduce something sharply � Prices havebeen slashed in all departments. � Thebank has been forced to slash interestrates.slashed zero

slashed zero /�sl�ʃd �zərəυ/ noun aprinted sign (Ø) which puts an obliquestroke through zero to distinguish it fromthe letter Osleeper

sleeper /�sli�pə/ noun a book which doesnot sell well on publication, but whichsuddenly starts to sell some time laterslew

slew /slu�/ noun rapid uncontrolled move-ment of paper in a printer when it is notconnected to the feederslice

slice /slas/ noun an adjustable meter tocontrol the flow of the pulp onto the wetend of the paper machineslide

slide /slad/ noun 1. a picture on positivetransparent photographic film mounted ina frame 2. an individual computer screenwhich can be produced as output indifferent formatsslide film

slide film /�slad flm/ noun same asreversal filmslide rule

slide rule /�slad ru�l/ noun a device, likea ruler with a sliding central part, whichallows rapid mathematical calculationssliding royalty

sliding royalty /�sladŋ �rɔəlti/ noun aroyalty where the percentage increaseswith the number of copies soldsliding scale of royalties

sliding scale of royalties /�sladŋskel əv �rɔəltiz/ noun a system wherethe percentage royalty changes accordingto the number of copies soldslip

slip /slp/ noun 1. a small piece of paper 2.the end of a cord or tape used in binding bybeing glued to the cover boards 3. amistake � He made a couple of slips inlaying out the tables.slipcase

slipcase /�slpkes/ noun a card box foran expensive book, which is open at oneside so that the spine of the book is visibleslip pages

slip pages /�slp �ped�z/, slip proofs/�pru�fs/ plural noun draft copies of text forprinting which are printed on separatesheets of paper


slip sheet 246slip sheetslip sheet /�slp ʃi�t/ noun a piece ofpaper placed between printed sheets toprevent set-offslip-upslip-up /�slp �p/ noun a small uninten-tional mistakeslitslit /slt/ verb to cut through a sheet ofpaper or along a web of paper � to slit onpress to cut a web lengthwise as it is goingthrough the press before the paper is foldedslitterslitter /�sltə/ noun a set of knives whichcut a printed sheet or a web of paperslitter marksslitter marks /�sltə mɑ�ks/ plural nounmarks in the centre of a sheet of paper,showing where it has to be cutsloped romansloped roman /�sləυpt �rəυmən/ nouna form of italic found in dot-matrixprinters, where the characters are romanand have been made to slope to the side bythe computerslotted bindingslotted binding /�slɒtd �bandŋ/noun same as notched bindingslugslug /sl�"/ noun a line of metal type castin a casting machine in hot metal setting,made in a Linotype or Intertype machineslurslur /sl!�/ noun a printing defect in letter-press, where the image is blurred, causedby movement of the paper or formeslush pileslush pile /�sl�ʃ pal/ noun unsolicitedmanuscripts which are sent to publishers oragents, and which may never be readslush pulpslush pulp /�sl�ʃ p�lp/ noun liquid pulpwhich is pumped straight into the paper-making processsmall adssmall ads /�smɔ�l �dz/ plural noun shortprivate advertisements in a newspaperselling small items, asking for jobs, etc.small capitalssmall capitals /�smɔ�l �k�pt(ə)lz/,small caps /�smɔ�l �k�ps/ plural nouncapital letters which are smaller than fullsizesmall office / home officesmall office / home office /�smɔ�l�ɒfs �həυm �ɒfs/ noun a type of businesswhich is likely to use desktop publishingsoftware and home printing / distributiontechniques. Full form of SOHOsmall orderssmall orders /�smɔ�l �ɔ�dəz/ pluralnoun orders for small quantities of bookssmall order surchargesmall order surcharge /�smɔ�l �ɔ�də�s!�tʃɑ�d�/ noun an extra charge added bysome publishers to an order under a partic-ular quantity or valuesmall picasmall pica /�smɔ� �pakə/ noun an oldtype size, similar to the modern 11 pointSMARTSMART /smɑ�t/ abbreviation an acronymfor the 5 main considerations when settingobjectives for a company, namely that they

should be Specific, Measurable, Achiev-able, Realistic, and within a set Time limitsmart quotessmart quotes /�smɑ�t kwəυts/ pluralnoun an feature in a word processing ortypesetting program which automaticallyconverts straight inverted commas intoquotation marks depending on their posi-tion in the textsmashsmash /sm�ʃ/ verb 1. to do much betterthan a previous record � to smash allproduction records � Sales have smashedall records for the first half of the year. 2. topress a folded signature before binding, sothat it takes less roomsmashingsmashing /�sm�ʃŋ/ noun US theprocess of crushing or pressing a sewnbook so as to remove air from between thepages, either before or after binding (NOTE:The UK term is nipping.)smooth scrollsmooth scroll /�smu�ð �skrəυl/ nountext that is moved up a screen pixel by pixelrather than line by line, which gives asmoother movementSMSSMS /�es em �es/ noun a service thatallows short text messages to be sent, e.g.between mobile phones and pagers. Fullform short message service, shortmessaging serviceSMTPSMTP abbreviation Simple Mail TransferProtocolsmudgesmudge /sm�d�/ noun an unwanted darkmark made by rubbing ink � verb to makea mark by rubbing ink which has beenprintedsmudge-proof inksmudge-proof ink /�sm�d� pru�f �ŋk/noun ink which cannot smudgesnail mailsnail mail /�snel mel/ noun mail sentthrough the postal service, as distinct fromfaster electronic mail. Also called p-mailSOATSOAT /�səυ�t/ abbreviation surface oilabsorption timesoda pulpsoda pulp /�səυdə p�lp/ noun paperpulp made from wood chips cooked incaustic sodasoftsoft /sɒft/ adjective not hardsoftbacksoftback /�sɒftb�k/ noun PUBL same aspaperback � adjective same as paper-backsoft bindingsoft binding /�sɒft �bandŋ/ adjectivepaper-coveredsoft copysoft copy /�sɒft �kɒpi/ noun text onscreen as opposed to hard copy printed onpapersoftcoversoftcover /�sɒftk�və/ noun PUBL sameas paperback � adjective same as paper-back


247 solidussoft currencysoft currency /�sɒft �k�rənsi/ noun thecurrency of a country with a weakeconomy, which is cheap to buy and diffi-cult to exchange for other currenciessoft dotsoft dot /�sɒft �dɒt/ noun a halftone dotwhich is less dense round the edge than inthe centresoft-focus lenssoft-focus lens /�sɒft �fəυkəs �lenz/noun a lens which deliberately does notfocus correctlysoft-focus shotsoft-focus shot /�sɒft �fəυkəs �ʃɒt/noun a photographic picture where thefocus is deliberately not correct, so as togive a blurred effectsoft fontsoft font /�sɒft �fɒnt/ noun a font ortypeface stored on a disk, which can bedownloaded or sent to a printer and storedin temporary memory or RAMsoft hyphensoft hyphen /�sɒft �haf(ə)n/ noun ahyphen which is inserted when a word issplit at the end of a line in word-processedtext, but is not present when the word iswritten normally. � hard hyphensoft loansoft loan /�sɒft �ləυn/ noun a loan froma company to an employee or from agovernment to another government, at verylow or nil interestsoft mechanicalsoft mechanical /�sɒft m|�k�nk(ə)l/noun a paste-up of text and illustrationsmade using page layout software, ready forprinting. Compare hard mechanicalsoft pencilsoft pencil /�sɒft �pens(ə)l/ noun apencil with a soft lead making dense blacklinessoft sellsoft sell /�sɒft �sel/ noun the action ofpersuading people to buy by encouragingthem, but not forcing them to do sosoftwaresoftware /�sɒftweə/ noun computerprograms which instruct the hardwarewhat to dosoftware developmentsoftware development /�sɒftweə d|

�veləpmənt/ noun the process of writingprograms to implement an original ideasoftware documentationsoftware documentation /�sɒftweə�dɒkjυmenteʃ(ə)n/ noun instructionmanuals which explain how to install anduse computer programssoftware housesoftware house /�sɒftweə haυs/ nouna company that develops and sellscomputer programssoftware licencesoftware licence /�sɒftweə �las(ə)ns/noun a contract between the producer andthe purchaser of software about the use andcopying of the programsoftware packagesoftware package /�sɒftweə �p�kd�/noun a complete set of instruction manuals

and installation disks which enable aprogram to be usedsoftware piracysoftware piracy /�sɒftweə �parəsi/noun the illegal copying of software

‘Software piracy is one of the copyrightsins. With many computer users in thehabit of downloading music and filmsfrom the internet for free, cyber criminalsare increasingly pushing piratedprograms at a hungry audience… wehave twice as many applications on ourPCs today than we did three years ago.’[The Guardian]

software specificationsoftware specification /�sɒftweə�spesfkeʃ(ə)n/ noun detailed informa-tion about a piece of software’s abilities,functions and methodssoftware systemsoftware system /�sɒftweə �sstəm/noun all the programs required for one ormore taskssoftwoodsoftwood /�sɒftwυd/ noun wood fromconifers used in papermakingSOHOSOHO /�səυhəυ/ abbreviation full formsmall office / home officesoiled copysoiled copy /�sɔld �kɒpi/ noun a copyof a book that has been made dirty in ashop or warehousesole agencysole agency /�səυl �ed�ənsi/ noun anagreement to be the only person orcompany allowed to represent a companyor to sell a product in a particular areasole agentsole agent /�səυl �ed�ənt/ noun aperson who has the sole agency for acompany in an areasole distributorsole distributor /�səυl d |�strbjυtə/noun a retailer who is the only one in anarea who is allowed by the manufacturer tosell a particular productsole ownersole owner /�səυl �əυnə/ noun a personwho owns a business on their own, with nopartnerssole tradersole trader /�səυl �tredə/ noun a personwho runs a business on their own but hasnot registered it as a companysolidsolid /�sɒld/ adjective, adverb 1. set withno spaces between the lines � This block oftext has been set solid. 2. 100% colour,without any tints � adjective � coverdrawn on solid cover glued onto endpa-perssolid mattersolid matter /�sɒld �m�tə/, solid typenoun text without any leading between thelines � The index is set in 7point solid.solidussolidus /�sɒldəs/ noun an oblique strokeused in printing (/)


solus 248solussolus /�səυləs/, solus advertisementnoun an advertisement which does notappear near other advertisements forsimilar productssortsort /sɔ�t/ verb to put things in order �The data can be sorted by name or number.SORTSORT /sɔ�t/ abbreviation surface oilresistance timesortssorts /sɔ�ts/ plural noun different piecesof metal typesourcesource /sɔ�s/ noun the place wheresomething originally comes fromspacespace /spes/ noun a gap or empty placeintended for the storage of data � verb toarrange things with regular gaps inbetween themspace bandsspace bands /�spes b�ndz/ pluralnoun metal wedges which are insertedbetween words in the Linotype slug andexpand to fill out the correct line widthspace barspace bar /�spes bɑ�/, space key nouna long bar at the bottom of a keyboard on atypewriter or computer which makes asingle space into the text when pressedspace dotsspace dots /�spes dɒts/ plural noun arow of dots showing that a space is leftblank, used in tabular work, price lists orcataloguesspaced-out linespaced-out line /�spest aυt �lan/noun a line with wide spaces to make itjustify without the need for hyphenationspace markspace mark /�spes mɑ�k/ noun a proof-reader’s mark showing that a space isneededspace outspace out /�spes �aυt/ verb to leavelarge spaces between characters � Thecompany name is written in spaced-outletters.spacingspacing /�spesŋ/ noun the way inwhich gaps are inserted � The spacing ofwords on that line is rather uneven.spacing materialspacing material /�spesŋ mə|�təriəl/noun pieces of metal used for spacingbetween letters, words or linesspecial characterspecial character /�speʃ(ə)l �k�rktə/noun a character which is not a normal onein a particular font, such as a particularaccent or a symbolspecial colourspecial colour /�speʃ(ə)l �k�lə/ noun aprinting colour other than one of the fourprocess coloursspecialistspecialist /�speʃəlst/ noun an expert inone particular area of knowledge or skillspecialist bookshopspecialist bookshop /�speʃəlst�bυkʃɒp/ noun a bookshop that specialisesin one type of book

special order

special order /�speʃ(ə)l �ɔ�də/ noun anorder which is different or more importantthan other orders � We have had a specialorder from Canada for 5,000 copies of thenew title, but the Canadian publisherinsists on having his own title page.special sale

special sale /�speʃ(ə)l �sel/ plural nounthe sale of books by a publisher as a one-off deal, not going through the normalagentsspecial sorts

special sorts /�speʃ(ə)l sɔ�ts/ pluralnoun same as pi charactersspecifications

specifications /�spesf|�keʃ(ə)nz/plural noun detailed instructions aboutwork to be done or products to be supplied

COMMENT: A book specification is either thedetails of the book (unit price, royalty terms,quantity printed, etc.) which a publisheruses to work out the selling price, or theinstructions which a publisher gives to aprinter on typeface, paper quality, format,etc.

specify

specify /�spesfa/ verb to state in detailwhat is requiredspecimen

specimen /�spesmn/ noun 1. a smallexample of something which gives an ideaof what the whole thing will look like 2.one example of a species which showswhat they all look likespecimen pages

specimen pages /�spesmn �ped�z/plural noun printed pages produced by theprinter for the publisher to show theproposed type stylespectrophotometer

spectrophotometer /�spektrəυfə|

�tɒmtə/ noun an instrument used tomeasure colour by giving a wavelength-by-wavelength analysis of the light reflectedfrom the surfacespectrum

spectrum /�spektrəm/ noun a range ofattributes or coloursspeculate

speculate /�spekjυlet/ verb to form aconjecture on the basis of incomplete factsor informationspeculation

speculation /�spekjυ |�leʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.a conclusion, theory or opinion based onincomplete facts or information 2.reasoning based on incomplete facts orinformationspeed

speed /spi�d/ noun 1. the rate at whichsomething moves 2. a measure of the sensi-tivity of a photographic material to light �High speed film is very sensitive to light.speed-read

speed-read /�spi�d ri�d/ verb to readsomething very fast using a learned tech-nique of skimming the text


249 spotspeed upspeed up /�spi�d ��p/ verb to makesomething go faster � We are aiming tospeed up our delivery times.spellspell /spel/ verb to indicate the letterswhich make up a wordspellcheckspellcheck /�speltʃek/ verb to check thespelling in a text by comparing it with adictionary held in the computerspellcheckerspellchecker /�speltʃekə/, spellingchecker /�spelŋ �tʃekə/ noun 1. aprogram which looks at the words of a textin a computer, checks them against adictionary of correctly spelled words, andindicates the words that are incorrect 2. adictionary of correctly spelled words, heldin a computer, and used to check thespelling of a textspellingspelling /�spelŋ/ noun the way in whichwords are spelled � The book is printed inAmerican spelling.spikespike /spak/ verb to refuse to print anews story. Compare killspinespine /span/ noun the edge of a bookwhich is all that can be seen when a bookis upright on a shelf � to display a bookspine out to put a book on the bookshopshelf with the spine outwards. This is lesseye-catching than face out, where thewhole of the front cover is seen. Compareto display a book face outspine brassspine brass /�span brɑ�s/ noun astamp with the words to be used on a spinespine letteringspine lettering /�span �let(ə)rŋ/ nounthe printing of the title and other details onthe spine of a bookspinnerspinner /�spnə/ noun a display rack forbooks, which turns roundspin offspin off /�spn �ɒf/ verb to develop otherproducts from an existing product � Theyare planning to spin off a series of informa-tion booklets from their encyclopedia data-base.spinoffspinoff /�spnɒf/ noun a useful productdeveloped as a secondary item from a mainproduct � The books are spinoffs from asuccessful children’s TV series.spiral bindingspiral binding /�sparəl �bandŋ/ nouna type of binding for collections of paperswhich uses a coiled wire inserted intospecially punched holesspiral bound bookspiral bound book /�sparəl baυnd�bυk/ noun a book in a spiral bindingspiral rollerspiral roller /�sparəl �rəυlə/ noun aninking roller with a spiral groove runninground it, allowing ink to be spread evenlyover the plate

splice

splice /splas/ verb to join two pieces ofmagnetic tape or film togethersplit boards

split boards /�splt bɔ�dz/ plural nounbinding boards which are split to take theedge of a waste sheet and tapes in hard-bound bookssplit duct

split duct /�splt d�kt/, split fountainnoun the division of the ink duct to allowtwo colours to be printed on different partsof the sheet at the same timesplit fraction

split fraction /�splt �fr�kʃən/ noun afraction which has to be created by thetypesetter, using superior and inferiorfigures separated by a dash, because it isnot common enough to appear in standardtypefacessplit screen

split screen /�splt skri�n/ noun asystem where more than one text canappear on a screen at the same time, suchas the text being worked on and a secondtext which can be called up for referencespoil

spoil /spɔl/ verb to ruin something or tomake something bad � Half the shipmentwas spoiled by water. � The company’sresults were spoiled by a disastrous lastquarter.spoilage

spoilage /�spɔld�/ noun 1. paper orbinding material wasted as a book is beingprinted (NOTE: The US term is makeover.)2. the wasting of material during printing3. an allowance of extra material to allowfor wastage on the machine � We haveallowed an extra 10% of paper forspoilage.spoils

spoils /spɔlz/ plural noun sheets whichare badly printed at the beginning of a runand are wastesponsor

sponsor /�spɒnsə/ noun a person ororganisation that pays all or part of theexpenses for an event or period of study �verb to pay to support an activity or personsponsored book

sponsored book /�spɒnsəd �bυk/noun a book that has been published withmoney from a sponsorsponsoring editor

sponsoring editor /�spɒnsərŋ �edtə/noun an editor at a publishing house who isresponsible for building a list by acquiringtitles from packagers or from otherpublisherssponsorship

sponsorship /�spɒnsəʃp/ noun the actof sponsoring something or somebody �Government sponsorship of overseasselling missions.spot

spot /spɒt/ noun a round mark


spot colour 250spot colourspot colour /�spɒt �k�lə/ noun the useof small areas of colour on a page, as forheadings or small diagramsspottingspotting /�spu�lŋ/ noun the act ofretouching or covering up marks onartwork or film before printingspot varnishspot varnish /�spɒt �vɑ�nʃ/ noun theuse of small areas of varnish on a jacket orcover, to make it look more attractive orinterestingsprayspray /spre/ noun liquid in the form ofsmall drops, such as the substance put ontonewly-printed sheets to avoid set-offspray adhesivespray adhesive /�spre əd |�hi�sv/ nounglue in an aerosol can, which is used forpasting up artwork and allows the designerto reposition the artwork if necessaryspreadspread /spred/ noun 1. two facing pagesin a book or magazine, which are treated asa single item and designed together 2. thetendency of ink to creep outwards byabsorption into the paper � verb to thickenthe lines of an image to make them repro-duce betterspreadsheetspreadsheet /�spredʃi�t/ noun acomputer program that allows the calcula-tion of numbers in both columns and rowsspring-backspring-back /�sprŋ b�k/ noun 1. atendency of a flat sheet to go back to itsoriginal flat shape after being folded 2. abinding for account books and other boundstationery which allows the pages to lie flatwhen opensprinkled edgesprinkled edge /�sprŋk(ə)ld �ed�/noun the edge of a book which has beensprayed with splashes of ink for decorationspurspur /sp!�/ noun a little line running side-ways from the rounded bowl of a letter ‘g’or up from the loop of an ‘f’squaresquare /skweə/ noun 1. a shape withfour equal sides and four right angles �Graph paper is drawn with a series ofsmall squares. 2. a way of measuring area,by multiplying the length by the width �Paper weight is measured in grammes persquare metre. � verb � to square correc-tions to add in text in order to balancedeleted text, thus avoiding remake-up ofpages � to square up illustrations toadjust illustrations by cropping orairbrushing to make them level and rectan-gularsquare backsquare back /�skweə b�k/ adjectiverelating to a style of binding where thespine is flat

square bracketsquare bracket /�skweə �br�kt/ nouneither of a pair of symbols, [ ], used inkeying, printing and writing especially toindicate the insertion of special commen-tary, e.g. that made by an editorsquared papersquared paper /�skweəd �pepə/ nounpaper printed with a series of small squaressquare measuresquare measure /�skweə �me�ə/ nounarea in square feet or metres, calculated bymultiplying width and lengthsquaressquares /skweəz/ plural noun theprojection of the boards of a cased bookbeyond the size of the trimmed page,usually by about 3mmsquare serifsquare serif /�skweə �serf/ noun atypeface where the serifs are straight andthicker than other strokessquashsquash /skwɒʃ/ noun the spread of inkbeyond the correct image areasqueegeesqueegee /�skwi�d�i�/ noun a rubbersponge for spreading ink through thescreen in screen process printingSRA sizesSRA sizes plural noun sizes of stocksheets of printing paper for printing bledwork

COMMENT: There are three SRA sizes:SRA0 (900 x 1280mm), SRA1 (640 x900mm) and SRA2 (450 x 640mm); seealso RA sizes, which are slightly smaller.

s/ss/s abbreviation same sizeSSLSSL abbreviation Secure Sockets Layerstabstab /st�b/ noun a number of peopleworking in a company. Full form estab-lishmentstabbingstabbing /�st�bŋ/, stab-stitching nouna method of sewing a very thick book withwire through the sides of the folded sheets,and not at the foldstackstack /st�k/ noun 1. a pile of things oneon top of another � a stack of order forms2. a large and ordered collection of bookskept in another area for reference � verb topile things on top of each other � Thebinder’s boxes are stacked in the ware-house.stackingstacking /�st�kŋ/ noun 1. the act ofpiling items up one on top of the other 2.metal or wooden shelves for storing largequantities of books or paper in a warehousestaffstaff /stɑ�f/ noun permanent employeesstaff writerstaff writer /�stɑ�f �ratə/, staffer/�stɑ�fə/ noun a reporter employed full-time on a newspaperstagestage /sted�/ noun one step in a processstainstain /sten/ noun a permanent colourmark � The MS was covered with round


251 state publishing

stains from coffee cups. � verb to give theedges of pages a permanent colour � Thetops of the pages are stained blue.stampstamp /st�mp/ noun something whichmarks another object to show that it hasbeen processed � verb to use a rubberstamp to mark something � The books arestamped with the date for return.stamp dutystamp duty /�st�mp �dju�ti/ noun a taxon legal documents, such as the convey-ance of a property to a new ownerstampingstamping /�st�mpŋ/ noun the makingof a design on the cover of a book, usinggold leaf or inkstamping diestamping die /�st�mpŋ da/ noun ametal stamp for blocking the case of a bookstamp padstamp pad /�st�mp p�d/ noun a softpad of cloth with ink on which a stamp ispressed before marking the paperstandstand /st�nd/ noun an arrangement ofshelves, tables or boards at an exhibitionfor showing a company’s productsstandardstandard /�st�ndəd/ noun a level bywhich people or the quality of work can bejudged � adjective normal or usual � Theyreceived the standard letter of reply justlike everyone else.standard agreementstandard agreement /�st�ndəd ə|

�"ri�mənt/, standard contract /�st�ndəd�kɒntr�kt/ noun a normal printed contractformStandard Book NumberStandard Book Number /�st�ndəd�bυk �n�mbə/ noun an older form of theInternational Standard Book Number.Abbr SBNstandardisationstandardisation /�st�ndəda|

�zeʃ(ə)n/, standardization noun theprocess of making sure that everything fitsa standard or is produced in the same way� standardization of cover design in aseriesstandardisestandardise /�st�ndədaz/, stand-ardize verb to make sure that everythingconforms to the same standardstandard letterstandard letter /�st�ndəd �letə/ noun aletter which is sent to several differentaddresses without any change in the textstandard of livingstandard of living /�st�ndəd əv�lvŋ/ noun the quality of personal homelife, e.g. the amount of food or clothesbought, the size of the family car, moneyspent on leisure activities. Also calledliving standardsstandard pagestandard page /�st�ndəd �ped�/ nounthe largest page size that can be printed ona press

standing elementstanding element /�st�ndŋ �elmənt/noun an element of a page layout whichremains the same on every page, giving apublication consistencystanding orderstanding order /�st�ndŋ �ɔ�də/ noun1. a regular order for each edition of aserial or annual publication 2. an instruc-tion to your bank to pay a fixed regularamount of money to a named person ororganisationstanding typestanding type /�st�ndŋ tap/ nounpages of a book in metal type which arekept by the printer in case a reprint isneeded, and for which the publisher paysrentstaplestaple /�step(ə)l/ noun a small bentpiece of metal which is forced into papersto hold them together � verb to join paperstogether using a stapler � to staple paperstogether to attach papers with staples � Hecould not take away separate pages,because the documents were stapledtogether.staplerstapler /�steplə/ noun a tool used toforce staples through papers or other mate-rials to hold them togetherstarstar /stɑ�/ noun same as asterisk � verbsame as asteriskstarredstarred /stɑ�d/ adjective with a starprinted or written on it � The starred para-graphs are to be indented.star signaturestar signature /�stɑ� �s"ntʃə/,starred signature noun a signature with asignature mark followed by a star, showingthat it has to be bound as an insert insideanother sectionstart pagestart page /�stɑ�t ped�/ noun thewebpage to which a visitor to a website isautomatically taken first, or the page towhich a user is automatically taken firstwhenever he or she goes onlinestatementstatement /�stetmənt/ noun a formalor official account of eventsstatement of accountstatement of account /�stetmənt əvə|�kaυnt/ noun a list of invoices and creditsand debits sent by a supplier to a customerat the end of each monthstatement of expensesstatement of expenses /�stetməntəv k|�spensz/ noun a detailed list ofmoney spentstate-of-the-artstate-of-the-art /�stet əv ði �ɑ�t/adjective as technically advanced aspossiblestate publishingstate publishing /�stet �p�blʃŋ/noun publishing which is organised by agovernment


station 252stationstation /�steʃ(ə)n/ noun a point in anetwork at which work can be input to themain systemstationerystationery /�steʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ noun paperequipment in an office, e.g. envelopes andwriting paperstationery bindingstationery binding /�steʃ(ə)n(ə)ri�bandŋ/ noun a binding style which isused for books that are to be written in, andtherefore must lie flat when openstatutestatute /�st�tʃu�t/ noun a regulation orlawstatute bookstatute book /�st�tʃu�t bυk/ noun a listof laws passed by parliamentstatutorystatutory /�st�tʃυt(ə)ri/ adjective fixedby lawstatutory deposit copystatutory deposit copy/�st�tʃυt(ə)ri d |�pɒzt �kɒpi/ noun acopy of a book or other publication whichhas to be deposited with a national libraryaccording to lawstay of executionstay of execution /�ste əv eks |

�kju�ʃ(ə)n/ noun a temporary stopping of alegal order � The court granted thecompany a two-week stay of execution.steel engravingsteel engraving /�sti�l n |�"revŋ/noun an engraved plate, used for printingdelicate designs such as banknotesstemstem /stem/ noun 1. a vertical main partof a printed letter 2. the main part of a pieceof metal typestencilstencil /�stensəl/ noun a template ofshapes or letters which can be used toproduce a design or written informationstencilledstencilled /�stensəld/ adjective relatingto copies made with a stencilstepstep /step/ noun one of a series of stagesused to accomplish a task � verb to cutsomething in stepsstep and repeatstep and repeat /�step ən r |�pi�t/ nouna method of taking a single image andrepeating it many times on a sheet of paper,used e.g. when printing stampsstep indexstep index /�step �ndeks/ noun anindex where the outside margin of the bookis cut away in a series of steps down thepage, each step being marked with a tagand a letter of the alphabet, often used foraddress books. Also called cut-in indexstereostereo /�steriəυ/, stereotype/�steriətap/ noun a duplicate printingplate, cast in metal or plastic from a mouldtaken from metal typestetstet phrase an instruction to a printer toleave something without making anycorrections which have been instructed

(NOTE: From the Latin word meaning ‘let itstand’.) � verb to ignore a correction in text� He phoned the printer to tell him to stetthe correction on the last page of proofs.

COMMENT: When instructing the compositornot to change a typeset text, the part to beleft without changes is underlined with adotted line and the word ‘stet’ is written inthe margin (nowadays, a tick is also used).

stickstick /stk/ verb to attach something withglue or other adhesive � to stick a stamp ona letter � They stuck a poster on the door.stickersticker /�stkə/ noun a small piece ofgummed paper or plastic to be stuck onsomething as an advertisement or to indi-cate a price � verb to put a price sticker onan article for sale � We had to sticker all thestock. � restickerstick-up initialstick-up initial /�stk �p |�nʃ(ə)l/ nounan initial letter set in a larger size than therest of the text, the letter being on the baseline and rising above the ascender linestickysticky /�stki/ adjective referring to awebsite that attracts visitors, especiallyone that keeps them interested for a longtimestiffstiff /stf/ adjective hard or not bendingeasilystiff coverstiff cover /�stf �k�və/ noun a casedcover, or a cover in thick boards, asopposed to a limp coverstiffenerstiffener /�stf(ə)nə/ noun a strip of thincard glued to the inside of a cloth spine tomake it stiffstiff leafstiff leaf /�stf li�f/ noun a piece of paperthat has been strengthened by havinganother leaf pasted onto itstillstill /stl/ noun one single frame from avideo or filmstillagestillage /�stld�/ noun a flat woodenbase on which goods can be stacked foreasy handling by a fork-lift truckstipplestipple /�stp(ə)l/ noun a pattern of irreg-ular dots to produce a tone � verb to put apattern of coloured dots on paper

COMMENT: Stippling involves makingirregular patterns of dots or patches ofcolour, as opposed to marbling whichinvolves irregular swirling patterns of linesof colour.

stippled endpapersstippled endpapers /�stp(ə)ld�endpepəz/ plural noun endpapers deco-rated with a pattern of coloursstipulatestipulate /�stpjυlet/ verb to demandthat a condition be put into a contract � tostipulate that the contract should run forfive years � to pay the stipulated charges �The company failed to pay on the date stip-


253 stock up

ulated in the contract. � The contract stip-ulates that the author is liable for libelcosts.stipulationstipulation /�stpjυ |�leʃ(ə)n/ noun acondition in a contractstitchstitch /sttʃ/ verb to bind the pages of abook, pamphlet or other publication withthread or staplesstitcherstitcher /�sttʃə/ noun a machine forstitching pages togetherstitchingstitching /�sttʃŋ/ noun the act ofattaching pages together with wire orthreadSTMSTM abbreviation scientific, technical andmedicalstochastic screeningstochastic screening /stə|�k�stk�skri�nŋ/ noun a method of printing aphotograph or illustration by breaking theimage up into a random series of dots,which when printed merge into a contin-uous tone. Also called FM screeningstockstock /stɒk/ noun the total quantity ofitems available for use or sale � in stock,out of stock available or not available inthe warehouse or shop � We hold 2,000titles in stock. � The title went out of stockjust before Christmas but came back intostock in the first week of January. � We areout of stock of this series. � verb to holdgoods for sale in a warehouse or shop �The wholesaler stocks 2,000 titles.stock cheststock chest /�stɒk tʃest/ noun acontainer in which stock is kept before it isdrawn off into the papermaking machinestock codestock code /�stɒk kəυd/ noun numbersand letters which refer to an item of stockstock controlstock control /�stɒk kən|�trəυl/ nounthe process of keeping records of howmuch stock is bought and soldstock controllerstock controller /�stɒk kən|�trəυlə/noun a person who notes movements ofstockstock depreciationstock depreciation /�stɒk dpri�ʃi|

�eʃ(ə)n/ noun a reduction in the value ofstock which is held in a warehouse forsome time

COMMENT: Stock depreciation is calculatedby the publisher according to a systemagreed with the company’s auditors. Stockis generally depreciated according to itssaleability: a reference book or popularclassic which might continue to have asteady sale over a period of years may notbe depreciated at all. On the other hand, atopical book (such as one on the currentOlympic Games) may be written offcompletely, since it will not sell at all oncethe event it commemorates has passed.The effect of depreciation is to lower the

profit in the current year, and (if the bookcontinues to sell) to increase the profit in thefollowing year. Depreciated stock can besold to remainder merchants.

stock figuresstock figures /�stɒk �f"əz/ plural noundetails of how many goods are in a ware-house or shop on a particular datestocking fillerstocking filler /�stɒkŋ �flə/ noun asmall item such as a small format book,which can be used to put into a Christmasstockingstock in handstock in hand /�stɒk n �h�nd/ nounthe stock held in a shop or warehousestock-in-tradestock-in-trade /�stɒk n �tred/ noungoods held by a business for salestockiststockist /�stɒkst/ noun a person or shopwhich stocks a particular itemstock levelstock level /�stɒk �lev(ə)l/ noun a quan-tity of goods kept in stock � We try to keepstock levels low during the summer.stockliststocklist /�stɒklst/ noun a list of itemscarried in stockstock paperstock paper /�stɒk �pepə/ noun paperwhich a printer always carries in stockstock reportstock report /�stɒk r |�pɔ�t/ noun acomputer printout showing the number ofcopies or items in stockstock returnstock return /�stɒk r|�t!�n/ noun detailswhich a printer supplies to a publishershowing the stocks held of books or printedsheetsstockroomstockroom /�stɒkru�m/ noun a roomwhere items that are not immediatelyneeded are storedstock sizestock size /�stɒk saz/ noun the normalsize of something � The book is in an oddformat and needs a non-stock size paperwhich had to be ordered in.stocktakingstocktaking /�stɒktekŋ/ noun theprocess of checking the amount of avail-able stock against recordsstocktaking salestocktaking sale /�stɒktekŋ �sel/noun a sale of goods cheaply to clear awarehouse before stocktakingstock turnstock turn /�stɒk t!�n/ noun the totalvalue of stocks sold in a year divided by theaverage value of goods in stock � Thecompany has a stock turn of 6.7.stock turnoverstock turnover /�stɒk �t!�nəυvə/ nounthe total value of stock sold in a yeardivided by the average value of goods heldin stockstock upstock up /�stɒk ��p/ verb to buy suppliesof something which will be needed in thefuture � They stocked up with computerpaper.


stock valuation 254stock valuationstock valuation /�stɒk �v�lju|�eʃ(ə)n/noun the process of estimating the value ofstock at the end of an accounting periodstonestone /stəυn/ noun 1. a flat surface,usually metal, on which the pages of metaltype are made up into formes 2. a hardmineral surface formerly used in lithog-raphystone engravingstone engraving /�stəυn n |�"revŋ/noun an engraving of a lithographic stonestone handstone hand /�stəυn h�nd/, stonemannoun a person who imposes pagesstone proofsstone proofs /�stəυn pru�fs/ pluralnoun US final proofs which are run off justbefore the printing run startsstopstop /stɒp/ noun 1. the end of an action 2.the point where a line ends, or where itmeets another line at right angles � verb tocause something not to move any morestop cylinderstop cylinder /�stɒp �slndə/ noun aletterpress cylinder which rotates once toprint a sheet, then prints the next sheet afterthe bed has returned to its placestop outstop out /�stɒp �aυt/ verb to paint outparts of a negative to make sure they willbe etched when blocks are being madestopped headingstopped heading /�stɒpt �hedŋ/ nouna heading which runs across the top ofcolumns in an account book, the verticalrules ending where they meet the headingstop pressstop press /�stɒp pres/ noun a smallsection in a newspaper, reserved for verylate items of newsstoragestorage /�stɔ�rd�/ noun 1. the processof placing or keeping goods in a store 2. aplace for storing things 3. money chargedfor keeping goods in a storestorage capacitystorage capacity /�stɔ�rd� kə |�p�sti/noun space available for storagestorage facilitiesstorage facilities /�stɔ�rd� fə|�sltiz/plural noun room or space in which to storeitemsstorage unitstorage unit /�stɔ�rd� �ju�nt/ noun adevice attached to a computer for storinginformation on disk or tapestorestore /stɔ�/ noun a place where items canbe kept until needed � verb to place itemsinto safe keepingstore and forwardstore and forward /�stɔ� ən �fəɔwəd/noun a communications system that storesa number of messages before retransmit-ting themstorekeeperstorekeeper /�stɔ�ki�pə/, storeman/�stɔ�mən/ noun a person in charge of astoreroom

storeroomstoreroom /�stɔ�ru�m/ noun a roomwhere stock can be kept, e.g. a small ware-house attached to a factorystorystory /�stɔ�ri/ noun a narrative talestoryboardstoryboard /�stɔ�ribɔ�d/ noun a plan-ning document used by producers ofbroadcast programmesstorylinestoryline /�stɔ�rilan/ noun a roughdescription of the story of a sequence ofphotographs or other illustrationsstraight edgestraight edge /�stret ed�/ noun a paperedge which is cut straightstraight matterstraight matter /�stret �m�tə/,straight text noun text which is contin-uous, with no changes of layout � The MSis 105 pages of straight text.straight runstraight run /�stret r�n/ noun printingon a press with no changes of platestrainstrain /stren/ verb to remove impuritiesor solid matter from a liquid by passing itthrough a meshstrainerstrainer /�strenə/ noun a metalcontainer through which paper pulp ispassed to remove impuritiesstrawboardstrawboard /�strɔ�bɔ�d/ noun boardused for cheap cased bindings, made fromstrawstreamstream /stri�m/ noun a mass of thingssuch as people or traffic, all going in thesame direction � to come on stream tostart productionstreamerstreamer /�stri�mə/ noun 1. a device forattaching a tape storage unit to a computer2. a large headline running across a page ofa newspaper 3. a long strip of paper orribbon, used for publicity purposes or as adecorationstream feederstream feeder /�stri�m �fi�də/ noun adevice for moving sheets of paper into thepress, each sheet slightly overlapping thenextstreamingstreaming /�stri�mŋ/ noun the readingof data from a storage device in one contin-uous operation, without processor inter-ventionstreetstreet /stri�t/ noun same as riverstreet directorystreet directory /�stri�t da |�rekt(ə)ri/noun a list of people living in a street, or amap of a town which lists all the streets inalphabetical order in an indexstreet planstreet plan /�stri�t pl�n/ noun a map ofthe streets in a particular town. Also calledtown planstress marksstress marks /�stres mɑ�ks/ pluralnoun small marks which indicate wherethe stress falls on a word, used in phonetics


255 sub-editorstrikestrike /strak/ verb 1. to hit something �The printing head strikes the ribbon andthe paper at the same time. 2. to make amatrix for casting type, by hitting the blankmetal with a punchstrike outstrike out /�strak aυt/ verb to cross outa word or textstrike-throughstrike-through /�strak θru�/ noun inkwhich seeps through paper and is visibleon the other side of the page. Compareshow-throughstringerstringer /�strŋə/ noun a journalist whoworks freelance for a newspaper, paid bythe article, covering events in a particulartown or countrystripstrip /strp/ noun a narrow piece of paperor film � verb to remove something � Theystripped the covers off the book andreplaced them with new ones.strip cartoonstrip cartoon /�strp kɑ�|�tu�n/ noun aseries of humorous drawings telling a storystrip instrip in /�strp �n/ verb to insert a smallpatch of paper or film in a hole cut in themain sheet of paper or film � The correc-tions to the text have been stripped in onthe film.strippingstripping /�strpŋ/ noun an impositionfor offset printing, by making film up intoimposed pages, sticking the pieces of nega-tive or positive film onto backing, ready forfilmingstripping-filmstripping-film /�strpŋ flm/ noun avery thin film used for making correctionsstripping-instripping-in /�strpŋ �n/ noun the actof making a correction to a film or bromideby cutting a hole in the original to removeincorrect text and insert correct textstrokestroke /strəυk/ noun a basic curved orstraight line that makes up a characterstubstub /st�b/ noun a small section of paperleft after foldingstub bindingstub binding /�st�b �bandŋ/ noun abinding process where the folded sectionsare sewn to stubs of paper which are thenglued to form the spinestudiesstudies /�st�diz/ noun a particularsubject of study, especially an educationalcourse or academic specialisationstudiostudio /�stju�diəυ/ noun a place wherepeople such as designers, film producers orartists workstudy aidstudy aid /�st�di ed/ noun educationalmaterial such as a book or CD for sale tostudents who want to learn by self-study athome

stuffstuff /st�f/ verb to put papers into enve-lopes � We pay casual employees £6 anhour for stuffing envelopes.stufferstuffer /�st�fə/ noun 1. advertising paperto be put in an envelope for mailing 2.ingredients for making paperstyle

style /stal/ noun the way in which aparticular writer or editor uses words,sentences and layout to produce a recog-nisable publicationstyle manualstyle manual /�stal �m�njυəl/ noun abook or notes prepared to show the detailsof the house style of a publisher or printerstyle sheetstyle sheet /�stal ʃi�t/ noun a printedsheet, listing all the rules of house style fora publishing company or for contributorsto a magazine, which has to be followed byauthors and editorsstylusstylus /�staləs/ noun a small pointedobject which is used in computer graphicsto direct the cursorsub

sub /s�b/ noun wages paid in advance �verb to sub-edit a textsub-

sub- /s�b/ prefix combining with nouns togive the meaning of less importantsub-agencysub-agency /�s�b �ed�ənsi/ noun asmall agency which is part of a largeagencysub-agentsub-agent /�s�b �ed�ənt/ noun aperson who is in charge of a sub-agencysubbingsubbing noun the editing of a manuscriptbefore it is sent for typesettingsubdivisionsubdivision /�s�bdv�(ə)n/ noun asection of a text within a divisionsubdomain namesubdomain name /�s�bdə |�men�nem/ noun 1. a second level of Internetdomain names created by the administratorof the domain 2. a subdivision of the two-letter country domain names into two- orthree-letter organisational subdomains,e.g. ‘ac.uk’ for United Kingdom academicsites and ‘com.au’ for Australian commer-cial sites.sub-editsub-edit /�s�b �edt/ verb to read, markand correct a manuscript text, so that it fitshouse style, making sure that the facts in itare correct, that the illustrations areobtained and are correctly referred to in thetext, that the index and page numbers arecorrect, etc. � The sub-editing of the MSwill take about four weeks.sub-editor

sub-editor /�s�bedtə/ noun a personwho corrects and checks articles in a news-paper before they are printed


sub-heading 256sub-headingsub-heading /�s�b �hedŋ/, sub-headnoun a subsidiary heading which dividestext into shorter sectionssub insub in /�s�b �n/ verb to manage to sell acertain number of copies of a title into abookshopsubjectsubject /�s�bd�kt/ noun an idea forstudy, discussion or treatmentsubject bibliographysubject bibliography /�s�bd�ktbbli|�ɒ"rəfi/ noun a list of documents,articles and books that are relevant to acertain subject, with details such as author,publisher and date of publicationsubject cataloguesubject catalogue /�s�bd�kt�k�təlɒ"/ noun a catalogue which listsbooks according to their subjectssubject entrysubject entry /�s�bd�kt �entri/,subject heading /�s�bd�kt �hedŋ/ nounan index or catalogue heading which indi-cates the main subject of a documentsubject indexsubject index /�s�bd�kt �ndeks/noun a list of subjects covered by a librarywith the class numbers to indicate wherematerials can be foundsubject linesubject line /�s�bd�kt lan/ noun a linein an e-mail that indicates the subject of themessagesubject tosubject to /s�b|�d�ekt tu�/ adjectivedepending onsub judicesub judice /�s�b �d�u�dsi/ adjectivebeing considered by a court and so not tobe mentioned in the media � The paperscannot report the case because it is stillsub judice.sublicensesublicense /�s�blas(ə)ns/ verb tolicense somebody else to use somethingthat you have been licensed to use

COMMENT: For example, a publisher whohas been licensed to publish a translation ofa text may (with the agreement of theoriginal copyright holder) sublicenseanother publisher to reprint the translatedtext locally.

submissionsubmission /səb |�mʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. theact of submitting something 2. a manu-script or synopsis that is submitted to apublishersubmitsubmit /səb|�mt/ verb 1. to put some-thing forward to be examined � Hesubmitted a claim to the insurers. � Thereps are asked to submit their expensesclaims once a month. 2. to send a manu-script to a publisher, asking for it to beconsidered for publication � He submittedthe MS to six publishers before getting apositive response.

subscribesubscribe /səb |�skrab/ verb 1. to agreeto pay for and receive or use somethingover a fixed period of time, e.g. a period-ical, a series of books, or a set of tickets tomusical or dramatic performances 2. to addone’s name and e-mail address to a mailinglist in order to receive messages from awebsite automatically, with or withoutchargesubscribersubscriber /səb |�skrabə/ noun a userwho chooses to receive information,content or services regularly from some-thing such as a websitesubscriptsubscript /�s�bskrpt/ noun a figureprinted in a smaller size and lower downthan a normal figure, i.e. below the baseline. � superscript (NOTE: Used in chem-ical formulae: CO2.)subscriptionsubscription /səb|�skrpʃən/ noun 1.money paid to become a member of anorganisation or to receive regular publica-tions 2. the process by which a bookselleragrees to order a certain number of copiesof a title from the publishersubscription agentsubscription agent /səb |�skrpʃən�ed�ənt/ noun a person or company whohelps libraries to acquire electronicresources from publisherssubscription-based publishingsubscription-based publishing/səb |�skrpʃən best �p�blʃŋ/ noun aform of publishing in which content from awebsite, magazine, book or other publica-tion is delivered regularly by email or othermeans to a group of subscriberssubscription librarysubscription library /səb |�skrpʃən�labrəri/ noun a private library whichpeople can join by paying a subscriptionsubscription managementsubscription management /səb|

�skrpʃən �m�nd�mənt/ noun theprocess of ensuring that booksellersreceive all the copies of books that theyhave agreed to stocksubscription pricesubscription price /səb |�skrpʃənpras/ noun a special price for a magazinesubscription ratessubscription rates /səb |�skrpʃənrets/ plural noun the amount of money tobe paid for a series of issues of a magazinesubsidiarysubsidiary /səb|�sdiəri/ adjective lessimportant � They agreed to most of theconditions in the contract but queried oneor two subsidiary items.subsidiary companysubsidiary company /səb |�sdiəri�k�mp(ə)ni/ noun a company that isowned by a parent companysubsidiary rightssubsidiary rights /səb|�sdiəri rats/plural noun rights other than the right to


257 supercalender

publish a book in its first form, e.g. paper-back rights, rights to adapt the book, orrights to serialise it in a magazinesubsidisesubsidise /�s�bsdaz/, subsidize verbto help an organisation by giving money �The government has refused to subsidisethe car industry.subsidised publicationsubsidised publication /�s�bsdazd�p�bl|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun a publication whichis partly paid for by a subsidy from an offi-cial body or from a sponsorsubsidysubsidy /�s�bsdi/ noun money given tohelp something which is not profitable �The country’s publishing industry exists ongovernment subsidies.subsidy publishingsubsidy publishing /�s�bsdi�p�blʃŋ/ noun a type of publishing inwhich the authors pay a fee to a traditionalpublishing company, in return for theirorganising for it to be printed, marketedand distributed under their own imprintsubstancesubstance /�s�bstəns/ noun the weightof paper, as shown by the grammage or, inthe USA, as pounds per 500 sheetssubstitutesubstitute /�s�bsttju�t/ verb to put oruse something in the place of somethingelse � noun a person or thing which takesthe place of somebody or something elsesubstitution errorsubstitution error /�s�bst|�tju�ʃ(ə)n�erə/ noun an error made by a scannerwhich mistakes one character or letter foranothersubstratesubstrate /�s�bstret/ noun 1. a surfaceon which text or illustrations are printed 2.card or board used for making boxessubtitlesubtitle /�s�btat(ə)l/ noun 1. thesecondary title of a book 2. words writtenat the bottom of a television or cinemascreen to enable the spoken words to beread � verb to give a subtitle to a book �The book is subtitled ‘A study in Africanpolitics’.subtractivesubtractive /səb|�tr�ktv/ noun acolour which is the complement of another,i.e. it filters out that colour from white lightsubtractive colourssubtractive colours /səb |�tr�ktv�praməriz/, subtractive primarycolours, subtractive primaries pluralnoun the process primaries, cyan, magentaand yellow, which when combined makeblacksubtractive processsubtractive process /səb |�tr�ktv�prəυses/ noun in printing, the productionof colour using the three subtractive prima-ries. This method of colour reproduction

works by suppressing colours as they arereflected from white paper.suction boxsuction box /�s�kʃən bɒks/ noun adevice which removes water from paper asit is formed, by sucking the liquid outunder a vacuum as the paper passes overthe boxsuction feedersuction feeder /�s�kʃən �i�də/ noun amachine which lifts a sheet of paper withsuction caps before feeding it into aprinting presssuction rollsuction roll /�s�kʃən rəυl/ noun a metalcylinder with perforations, which has asuction box inside it. Also called rotarysuction boxsuesue /sju�/ verb to take somebody to courtor to start legal proceedings against some-body to get money as compensation � He issuing the publisher and the author forlibel.suffixsuffix /�s�fks/ noun a word or group ofletters added to the end of a word whichchanges the grammar and meaningsulphate processsulphate process /�s�lfet �prəυses/,sulfate process noun an alkaline processfor digesting woodpulp, where ground-wood is heated with caustic soda andsodium sulphide, giving a strong pulp usedto make kraft papersulphite processsulphite process /�s�lfat �prəυses/,sulfite process noun an acid process fordigesting woodpulp, where groundwood isheated with lime and sulphur dioxide toproduce the pulp from which chemicalpaper is made. The paper is of betterquality than that made by the sulphateprocess, and if beaten becomes translucent.sulphite pulpsulphite pulp /�s�lfat p�lp/ noun pulpwhich has been treated by the sulphiteprocesssummarisesummarise /�s�məraz/, summarizeverb to give a brief description of the mainpointssummarysummary /�s�məri/ noun a short versionof something giving only the main pointssunk cord sewingsunk cord sewing /�s�ŋk kɔ�d �səυŋ/noun a binding process where the cords liein notches cut in the backs of the signaturessupersuper /�su�pə/ noun thick gauze used tomake the hinge between the boards and thebook blocksupercalendersupercalender /�su�pək�ləndə/ nouna machine through which damp paper ispassed after it has left the papermakingmachine, used to make smooth, hard andglossy paper


supercalendered paper 258supercalendered papersupercalendered paper/�su�pək�əndəd �pepə/ noun paper witha smooth shiny surface made by passing itthrough a supercalendersupercalenderingsupercalendering/�su�pək�ləndərŋ/ noun the process ofgiving a very smooth finish to paper bypassing it through a supercalendersuperimposesuperimpose /�su�pərm |�pəυz/ verb toplace something on top of something elsesuperimpositionsuperimposition /�su�pəmpə|

�zʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of enhancing animage by blocking part of a negative andexposing it againsuperiorsuperior /sυ|�pəriə/ adjective referringto figures or letters which are set in smallersize and printed higher up above the xheight (NOTE: Used in scientific setting: 10-

12. The opposite is inferior.)supermarketsupermarket /�su�pəmɑ�kt/ noun alarge store, usually selling food, wherecustomers serve themselves and pay at acheckout desk � Supermarket sales aremore and more important to mass marketpublishers.superscriptsuperscript /�su�pəskrpt/ noun a smallcharacter printed at a higher level than therest of the line of writing. � subscriptsupershiftsupershift /�su�pəʃft/ noun a level ofshift on a typesetting keyboard whichmakes another font availablesuper VGAsuper VGA /�su�pə vi� d�i� �e/ noun fullform of SVGAsupplementsupplement /�s�plmənt/ noun 1. mate-rial printed at the back of a book � A usefulsupplement gives details of hotels and theirroom rates. 2. an extra volume or section ina reference book, containing new materialwhich is not in the main text 3. a specialextra section of a newspaper, usually on aspecial subject � The travel supplementcomes with the weekend issue of the paper.� verb to add to something � We willsupplement the warehouse staff with sixpart-timers during the Christmas rush.suppliersupplier /sə|�plaə/ noun a person orcompany that provides goods, services orequipmentsupplysupply /sə |�pla/ verb to provide, give orsell something to somebody � noun 1. theact of providing something that is needed �problems concerning the supply of booksto schools 2. a stock of something that isneeded � the law of supply and demanda general rule that the amount of a productwhich is available is related to the needs ofthe possible customers

suppresssuppress /sə |�pres/ verb to preventsomething from being known or donesuppressionsuppression /sə|�preʃ(ə)n/ noun the actof preventing something being publishedsurchargesurcharge /�s!�tʃɑ�d�/ noun an extrachargesurfacesurface /�s!�fs/ noun the outside layerof somethingsurface oil absorption timesurface oil absorption time /�s!�fs�ɔl əb |�zɔ�pʃən �tam/, surface oil resist-ance time noun the time taken for oil to beabsorbed by paper. Abbr SOAT, SORT. �

PIRA SOATsurface papersurface paper /�s!�fs �pepə/ nouncoated paper with a shiny smooth surface,which has been coated with a mixture ofchina clay and sizesurface platesurface plate /�s!�fs plet/ noun anormal litho platesurface strengthsurface strength /�s!�fs streŋθ/ nounthe ability of the surface of paper not tostick to a sticky substancesuspendsuspend /sə |�spend/ verb to stop some-thing for a time � We have suspendedpayments while we are waiting for newsfrom our agent. � Mailings have beensuspended until the autumn.suspensionsuspension /sə |�spenʃən/ noun thestopping of something for a timesuspension pointssuspension points /sə |�spenʃ(ə)npɔnts/ plural noun a series of dots printedclose together, to show a hesitationSVGASVGA /�es vi� d�i� �e/ noun a graphicsdisplay system which allows resolutions ofup to 800 x 600 pixels with 16 millioncolours. Full form super VGAswap upswap up /�swɒp ��p/ verb to exchangeone of a company’s books for that ofanother publisher in a bookshopswash initialswash initial /�swɒʃ |�nʃ(ə)l/ noun anornamental swash letter used as the firstletter of a chapterswash lettersswash letters /�swɒʃ �letəz/ pluralnoun ornamental italic letters with elegantcurves at the ends of the strokesswatchswatch /swɒtʃ/ noun a small sampleswellswell /swel/ noun a particularly thick partof sewn sections, caused by the threadswelled rulesswelled rules /�sweld ru�lz/ plural nounornamental rules which are fatter in thecentre than at the endsswitchswitch /swtʃ/ to change from one thingto another � We have switched printers.switch over toswitch over to /�swtʃ �əυvə tu�/ verbto change to something quite different � Wehave switched over to a French supplier. �


259 systems analyst

The factory has switched over to web-fedmachines.swung dashswung dash /�sw�ŋ �d�ʃ/ noun aprinting symbol (~) used in dictionaries toshow that a headword is being repeated, ora sign used in some computer programs toindicate a carriage returnsymbolsymbol /�smbəl/ noun a shape, icon orpicture which represents something elsesyndicatesyndicate /�sndket/ verb to producesomething such an article or drawingwhich is published in several newspapersor magazines at the same timesyndicatedsyndicated /�sndketd/ adjectivepublished in several newspapers or maga-zines � He writes a syndicated column onpersonal finance.syndicatorsyndicator /�sndketə/ noun softwarewhich allows Internet content to be sharedand published by other userssynonymsynonym /�snənm/ noun a word orphrase which has almost the same meaningas another word or phrase

synonymoussynonymous /s |�nɒnməs/ adjectivemeaning the same � The words ‘error’ and‘mistake’ are synonymous.synopsissynopsis /s|�nɒpss/ noun a summary ofa longer text (NOTE: The plural issynopses.)synthetic materialssynthetic materials /sn |�θetk mə|

�təriəlz/ plural noun substances made asproducts of a chemical processsynthetic papersynthetic paper /sn |�θetk �pepə/noun paper made using man-made fibres,which does not contain any cellulosesystemsystem /�sstəm/ noun a set of rules orplans which are used to accomplish a tasksystems analysissystems analysis /�sstəmz ə |

�n�ləss/ noun a process of using acomputer to suggest how a companyshould work by analysing the way in whichit works at presentsystems analystsystems analyst /�sstəmz ��nəlst/noun a person who specialises in systemsanalysis


Ttabtab /t�b/ noun a small piece of paperattached to a sheet or card to draw attentionto somethingtabbingtabbing /�t�bŋ/ noun movement of thecursor in a word-processing program fromone column to the next � Tabbing can bedone from inside the program.tab cardtab card /�t�b kɑ�d/ noun a card with asmall tab, used in a card indextab indextab index /��b �ndeks/ noun an index toa book, where little tabs with the letters ofthe alphabet are stuck to the edges of thepagestab keytab key /�t�b ki�/ noun one of the keys ona computer keyboard which enables theuser to move through or arrange text incolumnstabletable /�teb(ə)l/ noun a list of dataarranged in rows and columnstab leadertab leader /t|��b �li�də/ noun a row ofdots that connects one element on a page toanother, such as a page title to its pagenumber in an index listingtable mattertable matter /�teb(ə)l �m�tə/ noun textin columns with rules between themtable of contentstable of contents /�teb(ə)l əv�kɒntents/ noun a list of contents in abook or magazine, usually printed at thebeginningtable rollstable rolls /�teb(ə)l rəυlz/ plural nounrollers which hold up the wire mesh in asmall paper milltabloidtabloid /�t�blɔd/ noun a small-sizenewspaper with a less serious approach tothe news than the broadsheetstab racktab rack /t�b r�k/ noun a graduatedscale, displayed on the screen, showing theposition of tabulation columns. Also calledruler linetab stopstab stops /�t�b stɒps/, tabulationstops /�t�bju |�leʃ(ə)n stɒpz/ plural nounpreset points along a line, where the

printing head or cursor will stop for eachtabulation commandtabular materialtabular material /�t�bjυlə mə|�təriəl/,tabular matter noun figures or text set outin columnstabular settingtabular setting /�t�bjυlə �setŋ/ nounthe process of setting text or numbers incolumnstabulatetabulate /�t�bjυlet/ verb to arrangework on a word processor using the tab keyto move from one column or row to thenexttabulationtabulation /�t�bjυ|�leʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. thearrangement of a table of figures 2. the actof moving a printing head or cursor to apreset distance along a linetabulation markerstabulation markers /�t�bju |�leʃ(ə)n�mɑ�kəz/ plural noun symbols displayed inword processing to indicate the position oftabulation stopstabulatortabulator /�t�bjυletə/ noun part of acomputer which sets words or figures auto-matically in columnsTACTAC /t�k/ abbreviation total areacoveragetack valuetack value /�t�k �v�lju�/, tacking nouna measurement of how sticky a substancesuch as ink istagtag /t�"/ noun a character or symbolattached to a record to aid retrievaltag image file formattag image file format /�t�" �md��fal �fɔ�m�t/ noun full form of TIFFtag papertag paper /�t�" �pepə/ noun thickdurable paper which is used for printingprice tags for clothing and other similarjobstailtail /tel/ noun 1. the downstroke of a letter2. a curved end stroke on a letter, such asthe capitals R or K 3. the bottom edge of abook or pagetailbandtailband /�telb�nd/ noun a decorativestrip, often in two colours, along the


261 tear test

bottom of the back of a book inside thespine � a quarto with blue headbands andtailbands, and gilt edgestail captail cap /�tel k�p/ noun a piece ofleather binding on the spine of a book,which folds over at the bottom and istucked into the inside of the spinetail margintail margin /�tel �mɑ�d�n/ noun themargin between the text and the bottom ofthe page. � bottom margintailpiecetailpiece /�telpi�s/ noun a decorationprinted towards the bottom of a page at theend of a piece of text, either at the end of achapter or at the end of a whole book.Compare headpiecetaketake /tek/ verb to move something phys-ically from one place to another � nounpart of a large job given to a compositor tosettake backtake back /�tek �b�k/ verb to move textfrom the beginning of one line back to theend of the previous line or from the top ofone page back to the bottom of theprevious page. � take over (NOTE: USEnglish is run back.)take intake in /�tek �n/ verb to put more textinto the material already typeset � Take inthree lines from the next galley.take outtake out /�tek �aυt/ verb 1. to removesomething from a text, e.g. a potentiallylibellous statement � Lawyers asked thepublisher to take out all references to theallegations. 2. to arrange to have some-thing � They made arrangements to takeout a mortgage to buy the house. 3. toborrow a book from a librarytake overtake over /�tek �əυvə/ verb to move textfrom the end of one line to the beginning ofthe next line or from the bottom of onepage to the top of the next page. � takeback (NOTE: The US term is run down.)taking out turnstaking out turns /�tekŋ aυt �t!�nz/noun the replacing of turns by correct char-acterstalking booktalking book /�tɔ�kŋ �bυk/ noun a bookthat has been recorded onto an audiocassette, originally intended for peoplewho cannot see well enough to readtantan /t�n/ noun a light yellowish-browncolour, usually of leathertapetape /tep/ noun a narrow strip of plastic,coated with magnetic material on which torecord sound or picturestape mergingtape merging /�tep �m!�d�ŋ/ noun theact of taking two tapes with data andcombining them, usually by combining

master tape with corrections or additionson a second tapetarget ink densitiestarget ink densities /�tɑ�"t �ŋk�densti�z/ plural noun the relative densi-ties of each of the four process colours, asrecommended for achieving differenteffects in print or for printing on differenttypes of paper. Abbr TIDtarget markettarget market /�tɑ�"t �mɑ�kt/ nounthe type of customer who is thought likelyto buy specific goods or servicestax exemptiontax exemption /�t�ks "|�zempʃən/noun being free from having to pay tax �As a non-profit-making organisation youcan claim tax exemption. Also calledexemption from taxtax-freetax-free /�t�ks �fri�/ adjective with notax having to be paid. Also called free oftaxtaxonomytaxonomy /t�k |�sɒnəmi/ noun the prin-ciple of classifying and ordering itemssuch as books, e.g. in a hierarchical struc-tureTCPTCP /�ti� si� �pi�/ noun a standard datatransmission protocol that provides fullduplex transmission, in which the protocolbundles data into packets and checks forerrors. Full form transmission controlprotocolTCP/IPTCP/IP /�ti� si� pi� a �pi�/ noun a datatransfer protocol used in networks andcommunications systems, often used inUnix-based networks. Full form transmis-sion control protocol/interface programteachteach /ti�tʃ/ verb to give lessons in orprovide information about a subjectteacher’s bookteacher’s book /�ti�tʃəz bυk/,teacher’s manual /�ti�tʃəz �m�njuəl/noun a book published to go with a set ofstudents’ books, giving the teacheranswers to questions and suggestions forteachingtear factortear factor /�teə �f�ktə/ noun the ratioof the paper weight to the tear strength of apiece of paper across the graintearsheettearsheet /�teəʃi�t/ noun a pageremoved from a book or periodical, andsent to an advertiser as proof that theiradvertisement has been placedtear strengthtear strength /�teə streŋθ/ noun ameasurement of the resistance of paper totearingtear testtear test /�teə test/ noun a test to seehow strong paper is or to show in whichdirection the grain lies


technical 262technicaltechnical /�teknk(ə)l/ adjective � thetechnical press specialist periodicalsdealing with technical subjectstechnical authortechnical author /�teknk(ə)l �ɔ�θə/noun a person who writes specialisedinstructions and manuals on technicalsubjectstechnical bookstechnical books /�teknk(ə)l bυks/plural noun books which deal with tech-nical subjectstechnical editortechnical editor /�teknk(ə)l �edtə/noun an editor on the staff of a specialistmagazine, who is responsible for testing,writing about and reviewing equipmenttechnical pentechnical pen /�teknk(ə)l pen/ noun aspecial pen with a fine tip, used for makingtechnical drawingstechnical profiletechnical profile /�teknk(ə)l�prəυfal/ noun the values of the printingvariables that must be considered byanyone who is producing repro for a partic-ular publication, and also followed bycompanies making colour proofs of thematerial for that publication

COMMENT: The technical profile shouldinclude: substrate type, inks used, tonetransfer characteristic – solid density anddot gain.

technical translatortechnical translator /�teknk(ə)ltr�ns|�letə/ noun a translator whospecialises in translating technical bookstechnical writertechnical writer /�teknk(ə)l �ratə/noun an author of specialised books ontechnical subjectstechnofreaktechnofreak /�teknəυfri�k/ noun a tech-nical expert in, or obsessive enthusiast of,information systemstechnologicaltechnological /�teknə |�lɒd�k(ə)l/adjective relating to technology � the tech-nological revolution the changing ofindustry by introducing new technologytechnologytechnology /tek|�nɒləd�i/ noun theapplication of scientific knowledge topractical purposes. � information tech-nologyTEFLTEFL abbreviation teaching of English asa foreign languagetelecommunicationtelecommunication /�telikə|�mju�n|

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun the transmission ofencoded sound, pictures or data oversignificant distances, using radio signals orelectrical or optical linestelecommunicationstelecommunications /�telikə|�mju�n|

�keʃ(ə)nz/ noun the science and tech-nology of using electronic equipment tosend messages over a distance

telecomputingtelecomputing /�telikəm |�pju�tŋ/noun the act of sending information to orreceiving information from anothercomputer via a modem or local areanetworktelematicstelematics /�tel|�m�tks/ noun thestudy of the processes involved in the long-distance transmission of computer datateleorderteleorder /�teliɔ�də/ noun an orderplaced through the teleordering systemteleorderingteleordering /�teli|�ɔ�dərŋ/ noun theordering of goods by telephone which arethen delivered to your addresstelephonetelephone /�telfəυn/ noun an instru-ment which can be used to talk to some-body over a long distance by means of dial-ling a series of numbers � verb to makecontact with somebody at a distance byusing a telephonetelephone directorytelephone directory /�telfəυn da |

�rekt(ə)ri/, telephone book /�telfəυnbυk/ noun a book containing an alphabet-ical list of names, addresses and telephonenumbers of people in a given city, town orareatelephone orderstelephone orders /�telfəυn ɔ�dəz/plural noun orders received over the tele-phone � Since we mailed the catalogue wehave had a large number of telephoneorders.teleprocessingteleprocessing /�teli |�prəυsesŋ/ nounthe use of computer terminals in differentlocations, connected to a main computer,to process data. Abbr TPtelesalestelesales /�teliselz/ noun the process oftelephoning people without warning to tryto sell them thingsteletextteletext /�telitekst/ noun a system oftransmitting written text using a televisionsignal

COMMENT: Teletext constantly transmitspages of information which are repeatedone after the other; the user can stop one toread it. This is different from Viewdata,where the user calls up a page of text usinga telephone line.

teletypesettingteletypesetting /�tel|�tapsetŋ/ nountypesetting operated by a punched papertape, often over a telegraphic system,formerly much used by newspapers. AbbrTTStelevisiontelevision /�tel |�v�(ə)n/ noun 1. asystem of transmitting pictures and soundover a distance so that they can be receivedand seen on a television set 2. a device forreceiving and displaying broadcast televi-sion programmes � abbr TV


263 textbooktelevision networktelevision network /�telv�(ə)n�netw!�k/ noun a system of linked televi-sion stations covering the whole countrytelevision rightstelevision rights /�tel |�v�(ə)n �rats/plural noun the right to adapt a work for thetelevision. Also called TV rightstemptemp /temp/ noun a temporary officeworker � We have had two temps workingin the office this week to clear the backlogof letters.temp agencytemp agency /�temp �ed�ənsi/ nounan office that deals with finding temporarystaff for officestemplatetemplate /�tem |�plet/ noun 1. a thinsheet of metal or plastic with cut-outshapes which enable exactly the sameshape to be reproduced many times 2. anydocument which is used as a guide fordesigning new documents, showing whichelements should be included and wheretemplate commandtemplate command /�templet kə |

�mɑ�nd/ noun a command that allowsfunctions or other commands to be easilyset � A template paragraph commandenables the user to specify the number ofspaces each paragraph should beindented.TEMP/OSTEMP/OS noun a report from a publisherto a bookseller, showing that a book is outof stock at present, but should be in stocksoontensile strengthtensile strength /�tensal streŋθ/ nounthe strength of paper to withstand pullingtensile strength testertensile strength tester /�tensalstreŋθ �testə/ noun an instrument to testthe tensile strength of papertensiontension /�tenʃən/ noun the tightness of aweb of paper as it passes through a printingpresstermterm /t!�m/ noun 1. a set or limited periodof time � The term of office for the chair-person is one year. 2. one of the three divi-sions of the academic year � The yearstarts in October with the autumn term. 3.a word used in the terminology of indexingterminableterminable /�t!�mnəb(ə)l/ adjectivepossible to terminateterminalterminal /�t!�mn(ə)l/ noun a processorwith screen and keyboard used to access acentral computer systemterminateterminate /�t!�mnet/ verb 1. to stopcompletely 2. to end somethingterminationtermination /�t!�m|�neʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.the act of bringing something to an end 2.US the act of leaving a job by resigning,retiring, or being fired or made redundant

termination clausetermination clause /�t!�m |�neʃ(ə)nklɔ�z/ noun a clause which explains howand when a contract can be terminatedtermsterms /t!�mz/ plural noun 1. the head-ings, words and phrases used in a classifi-cation scheme 2. conditions agreedbetween people for a sale or jobterms of employmentterms of employment /�t!�mz əv m|

�plɔmənt/ plural noun conditions set outin a contract of employmentterms of paymentterms of payment /�t!�mz əv�pemənt/ plural noun same as paymenttermsterms of saleterms of sale /�t!�mz əv �sel/ pluralnoun the conditions attached to a saleterritoryterritory /�tert(ə)ri/ noun the areacovered by a representation agreement orvisited by a salesperson � The territoriescovered by the agreement are SoutheastAsia and Hong Kong. � We are expandingthe rep force and reducing the reps’ terri-tories. � His territory covers all the northof the country.tertiarytertiary /�t!�ʃəri/ adjective third in orderor stage of development � Universities arethe tertiary stage of education afterprimary and secondary schools.tertiary level publishingtertiary level publishing /�t!�ʃəri�lev(ə)l �p�blʃŋ/ noun publishing for theeducational market after secondary schoollevelTESLTESL abbreviation teaching of English asa second languageTESOLTESOL abbreviation EDUC teaching ofEnglish to speakers of other languagestest casetest case /�test kes/ noun a legal actionwhere the decision will fix a principlewhich other cases can followtest printtest print /�test prnt/ noun the printingof a small run experimentally before a bigrun � We did a test print of the new maga-zine before going to press with 1.5 millioncopies.test runtest run /�test r�n/ noun a trial made ona machinetexttext /tekst/ noun the main part of awritten documentTextText /tekst/ noun same as Texturatext areatext area /�tekst �eəriə/ noun the part ofthe printed page which is covered byprinted texttext blocktext block /�tekst blɒk/ noun same asbook blocktextbooktextbook /�tekstbυk/ noun an academicbook on a particular subject used for study


textbook publisher 264textbook publishertextbook publisher /�tekstbυk�p�blʃə/ noun an educational publishertext boxtext box /�tekst bɒks/ noun a box withina computer dialogue box in which charac-ters such as text, dates or numbers can betyped and editedtext-editing facilitiestext-editing facilities /�tekst �edtŋfə|�sltiz/ plural noun a word-processingsystem that allows the user to add, delete,move, insert and correct sections of texttext-editing functiontext-editing function /�tekst �edtŋ�f�ŋkʃ(ə)n/ noun an option in a programthat provides text-editing facilities � Theprogram includes a built-in text-editingfunction.text editortext editor /�tekst �edtə/ noun a pieceof software used to enter and correct text ormodify programs under developmenttext figuretext figure /�tekst �f"ə/ noun an illus-tration in a book, especially a line drawingwhich is printed as part of the texttext formattertext formatter /�tekst �fɔ�m�tə/ noun aprogram that arranges a text file accordingto pre-set rules such as line width and pagesizetext illustrationstext illustrations /�tekst�ləstreʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun illustrationsprinted on the text pages, and not on sepa-rate papertext indextext index /�tekst �ndeks/ noun anindex of some or all of the words in some-thing such as a computer file or databasefield, used to aid searching and retrievaltext managementtext management /�tekst�m�nd�mənt/ noun facilities that allowtext to be written, stored, retrieved, editedand printedtext manipulationtext manipulation /�tekst mə |

�npjυleʃ(ə)n/ noun computer facilitiesthat allow text editing, changing, insertingand deletingtext pagestext pages /�tekst �ped�z/ plural nounprinted pages with the main text of a book,not including the prelims, specially printedplates, maps, etc.text papertext paper /�tekst �pepə/ noun paperwith a textured surface, such as laid papertext processingtext processing /�tekst �prəυsesŋ/noun same as word processingtext retrievaltext retrieval /�tekst r |�tri�v(ə)l/ noun afacility on a word processor which allowsthe user to find the text of documents to beedited or worked withtext typetext type /�tekst tap/ noun a typefaceused for the text of a book, as opposed tothe chapter headings, captions, etc.

textualtextual /�tekstʃuəl/ adjective relating totext � The editors made several textualchanges before the proofs were sent backfor correction.TexturaTextura noun a technical name for blackletter or gothic type. Also called Texttexturetexture /�tekstʃə/ noun the way thatsomething such as paper feels to the touch,the relative smoothness or roughness or itssurfacetext windowtext window /�tekst �wndəυ/ noun awindow in a graphics system, where thetext is held in a small space on the screenbefore being allocated to a final areaTFTF noun a report from a publisher to abookseller, showing that a book will besent soon. Full form to follow‘The Bookseller’‘The Bookseller’ /ðə �bυkselə/ noun aBritish weekly magazine dealing withpublishing and bookselling mattersThe IndexThe Index /�ði� �ndeks/ noun same asIndex Librorum Prohibitorumthermal paperthermal paper /�θ!�m(ə)l �pepə/ nounpaper which is chemically coated so that itcan be used with a thermal printerthermal printerthermal printer /�θ!�m(ə)l �prntə/noun a printing machine which uses heat-sensitive paperthermal transferthermal transfer /�θ!�m(ə)l tr�ns|�f!�/noun a method of printing where the ink isattached to the paper by heating � athermal transfer printer � Colour ink-jettechnology and thermal transfer tech-nology compete with each other.thermographic copierthermographic copier/�θ!�məυ"r�fk �kɒpiə/ noun a copyingmachine which copies text using heat totake an image from the carbon in the orig-inal and transferring the image to heat-sensitive paperthermographic printingthermographic printing/�θ!�məυ"r�fk �prntŋ/, thermog-raphy /θ!� |�mɒ"rəfi/ noun a printingprocess which uses heat to produce raisedcharacters, using very thick ink which isdusted with powder and then heated toweld it to the paperthermo-mechanical pulpthermo-mechanical pulp /�θ!�məυm |�k�nk(ə)l �p�lp/ noun pulp made fromwood chips which have been heatedthermoplasticthermoplastic /�θ!�məυ |�pl�stk/adjective becoming soft when heatedthermoplastic bindingthermoplastic binding /�θ!�məυ|

�pl�stk �bandŋ/ noun binding forperfect bound books, in which plastic glue


265 throw out

is heated to attach the cover to the trimmedpages. Also called adhesive binding 2thermoplastic platesthermoplastic plates /�θ!�məυ |

�pl�stk �plets/ plural noun printingplates made of thermoplastic material,which can be bent to fit round the cylinderthermoprintingthermoprinting /�θ!�məυ |�prntŋ/noun printing on plastic wrapping mate-rial, using heatthermosettingthermosetting /�θ!�məυsetŋ/ adjec-tive material which can be moulded whenhot, but which does not become plasticthermosetting platesthermosetting plates /�θ!�məυsetŋ�plets/ plural noun printing plates made inthermosetting material, which are mouldedinto a curved shape to fit round a cylinderthesaurusthesaurus /θ |�sɔ�rəs/ noun a type ofdictionary that lists groups of synonymsthick leadthick lead /�θk led/ noun a lead of 3pointthick leadingthick leading /�θk �ledŋ/, thick spacenoun the normal space allowed betweenprinted words, which is one third of an emthickness dummythickness dummy /�θknəs �d�mi/noun a book made from the correct paperand binding materials, but without anyprinted text, used to check the weight andbulk of the finished productthin leadingthin leading /�θn �ledŋ/, thin spacenoun a space which is one fifth of an emthin typefacethin typeface /�θn �tapfes/ noun atypeface with very slender linesthird coverthird cover /�θ!�d �k�və/ noun theinside back cover of a magazine, used foradvertisementsthird generationthird generation /�θ!�d �d�enə |

�reʃ(ə)n/ noun full form of 3Gthird quarterthird quarter /�θ!�d �kwɔ�tə/ noun aperiod of three months from July to the endof September32mo32mo abbreviation thirty-twomothirty-twomothirty-twomo /�θ!�ti �tu�məυ/ noun 1. asize of book page traditionally created byfolding a single sheet of standard-sizedprinting paper five times, giving 32 leavesor 64 pages 2. a book printed in this format.Abbr 32mo 3. an American book formatabout 4 or 5 inches high. Abbr 32mothousand charactersthousand characters /�θaυz(ə)nd�k�rktəz/, thousand keystrokes pluralnoun a number of characters or keystrokesused to calculate keyboarding costs � Thekeyboarding charge is £3.00 per thousandkeystrokes.

threadthread /θred/ noun an idea or themewhich connects the different parts of astory togetherthread sealingthread sealing /�θred �si�lŋ/ noun abinding system where plastic staples areinserted and sealed to sew the sections,then the sewn sections are glued with agauze backingthread sewingthread sewing /�θred �səυŋ/, threadstitching noun the process of attachingcollated sections of a book together withthreadthread sewn bookthread sewn book /�θred səυn �bυk/noun a book in which each signature issewn and then collated with other signa-tures and sewn together before bindingthree-colourthree-colour /�θri� �k�lə/ adjectiveusing three colours � The series will havethree-colour covers.three-colour processthree-colour process /�θri� �k�lə�prəυses/ noun a colour printing processin which the three process colours areprinted one after the other, followed ifnecessary by black for the textthree-colour processingthree-colour processing /�θri� �k�lə�prəυsesŋ/ noun the act of making blocksfor three-colour printingthree-deckerthree-decker /�θri� �dekə/ noun a largeVictorian novel, published in threevolumes3G3G /�θri� �d�i�/ noun a wireless communi-cations technology designed to providehigh-speed Internet access and transmis-sion of text, digitised voice, video andmultimedia. Full form third generationthree-knife trimmerthree-knife trimmer /�θri� naf �trmə/noun a guillotine with three knives whichtrim books and magazines along threeedgesthree-quarter bindingthree-quarter binding /�θri� �kwɔ�tə�bandŋ/ noun bookbinding in which thespine and most of the sides of a book arecovered in the same materialthree-upthree-up /�θri� ��p/ adverb printing threecopies of a text at the same timethrowawaythrowaway /�θrəυə |�we/ noun 1. acheap little advertising flyer 2. a free sheetthrow outthrow out /�θrəυ �aυt/ verb 1. to design asection of a book or periodical so that it canbe unfolded to make a page larger thandouble page size 2. to reject or to refuse toaccept something � The board threw outthe draft contract submitted by the union. �The proposal was thrown out by the edito-rial committee. 3. to get rid of somethingwhich is not wanted � We threw out the old


throw-out 266

telephones and installed a computerisedsystem. � The sales director threw out theold reporting system.throw-outthrow-out /�θrəυ aυt/ noun a section of abook or periodical which can be unfoldedto larger than page sizethumb holethumb hole /�θ�m həυl/ noun a roundedhole cut in the foredge of a book as part ofa thumb indexthumb indexthumb index /�θ�m �ndeks/ noun amethod of indexing used especially fordictionaries and diaries, where roundedholes are cut into the foredge of a book,allowing a thumb to be placed in the holeand the book to be opened at the correctpage quicklythumb-indexthumb-index /�θ�m �ndeks/ verb toprovide a book with a thumb index � Thedictionary is thumb-indexed.ticktick /tk/ noun a sign written in the marginto show that the typeset text is correct(NOTE: The US term is check.)TIDTID abbreviation target ink densitiestied letterstied letters /�tad �letəz/ plural nounligaturestie-intie-in /�ta n/ noun a book that is derivedfrom or published together with a TV orradio programme.tif.tif /tf/ suffix a file extension for a TIFFfile. Full form tagged image file formatTIFFTIFF /tf/ noun a standard file format usedto store graphic images. Full form taggedimage file format

COMMENT: TIFF is probably the mostcommon image interchange format used byDTP software. Developed by Aldus andMicrosoft, TIFF can handle monochrome,grey-scale, 8-bit or 24-bit colour images.There have been many different versions ofTIFF that include several differentcompression algorithms

tighttight /tat/ adjective 1. restricted, strict ornot allowing any movement or extra time �Producing two hundred pages of setting ina day is a very tight schedule, and I don’tthink we can do it. � Getting three hundredpages of MS into 160 pages of printed textis going to be tight. � Production expensesare kept under tight control. 2. closely setwith very little spacing-tight-tight /tat/ suffix preventing somethinggetting in � The computer is packed in awatertight case. � Send the films in anairtight container.tight back bindingtight back binding /�tat b�k/, tightspine binding noun binding where thecover is glued to the back of a book without

any hollow (NOTE: The opposite is hollowback binding.)tight-edgedtight-edged /�tat ed�d/ adjectiverelating to a reel of paper which has driedat the edges, so that the edges are tight andthe centre of the reel is slacktildetilde /�tldə/ noun a pronunciation symbol(~) written over some letters in Spanishand Portuguesetilingtiling /�talŋ/ noun a process by which animage that is too large for the devicehandling it to be output on a single piece offilm or paper is broken into a number ofsmaller pieces which, when broughttogether later, can be reassembled as asingle picturetiling filltiling fill /�talŋ fl/, tiled fill noun themeans by which a repeating pattern can beproduced from a single patterned tile andused to decorate an area confined by acomplete boundarytilt and swiveltilt and swivel /�tlt ən �swv(ə)l/adjective referring to a machine which ismounted on a pivot, so able to be moved topoint in the most convenient direction forthe operatortimetime /tam/ noun 1. a period during whichsomething takes place 2. hours worked bya person 3. a period before somethinghappenstime and motion studytime and motion study /�tam ən�məυʃ(ə)n �st�di/ noun a study in anoffice or factory of the movements ofemployees as they perform tasks, with theaim of improving efficiency of productiontime limittime limit /�tam �lmt/ noun themaximum time which can be taken to dosomething � to set a time limit for accept-ance of the offertime limitationtime limitation /�tam lm |�teʃ(ə)n/noun the amount of time available for atasktime ratetime rate /�tam ret/ noun a rate forwork which is calculated as money perhour or per week, and not money for workcompletedtimescaletimescale /�tamskel/ noun the lengthof time taken up by a particular activity �Their timescale for writing the book wassix months.timesharingtimesharing /�tamʃeərŋ/ noun anarrangement by which several people canbe online to a computer at the same timetime sheettime sheet /�tam ʃi�t/ noun a formshowing when an employee starts andfinishes work


267 tombstoneTimes New RomanTimes New Roman /�tamz nju��rəυmən/ noun a typeface designed byStanley Morison in the 19th century for the‘Times’ newspaper in 1932, now one of themost widely used text facestime worktime work /�tam w!�k/ noun workwhich is paid for at a rate per hour or perday, not per piece of work completedtintin /tn/ noun a metal used as part of thealloy in metal type and in hot metal setting,which makes the lead tougher and alsomore fluid when heatedtinttint /tnt/ noun a pale background colourformed of small coloured dots with whitespace between them � verb to colour some-thing with a tinttintingtinting /�tntŋ/ noun a mechanical tint orstipple which is preprinted and can beapplied to the design by the designertint-layingtint-laying /�tnt �leŋ/ noun the crea-tion of a tint by stripping in filmtip intip in /�tp �n/ verb to stick an extra leaf,usually with a colour plate or folding map,etc., into the pages of a bound book � abook with six tipped-in platestip-intip-in /�tp n/ noun an extra leaf tippedinto a bound booktissue papertissue paper /�tʃu� �pepə/ noun verythin paper made from chemical pulp, usedto wrap fragile objects, and in binding,placed in front of engraved plates toprevent the ink setting off onto the facingpagestitanium oxidetitanium oxide /ta |�teniəm �ɒksad/noun a chemical added to paper stock tomake the paper whiter and more opaquetitletitle /�tat(ə)l/ noun 1. the name given to abook, play or TV programme 2. a wordused to indicate the status of a person, e.g.Mr, Mrs, Dr or Revtitle bartitle bar /�tat(ə)l bɑ�/ noun a horizontalbar at the top of a computer screen whichusually shows the name of the program andfile that is currently in usetitle indextitle index /�tat(ə)l �ndeks/ noun anindex of books in a library or publisher’scatalogue listed under their titlestitle pagetitle page /�tat(ə)l ped�/ noun a pageat the beginning of a book which states thetitle and publication information

COMMENT: The title page is always a right-hand page. From the designer’s point ofview, a title page is designed both to attractthe reader and at the same time to givesome idea of the contents of the book: thismust be done using typography alone,although some title pages have illustrationsor vignettes. The jacket or cover is

designed in order to attract the purchaser tothe book in the shop; the title page isdesigned to make the reader want to read itwhen he or she opens it

title page versotitle page verso /�tat(ə)l ped��v!�səυ/, title verso noun a page on theback of the title page, where the biblio-graphical details and the copyright noticeare printed

COMMENT: The title page verso normallycarries the imprints (the names andaddresses of both publisher and printer),the copyright line, the ISBN and possiblyother copyright details (such as the CIPinformation), and, if translated or adapted,details of its original publication.

title piecetitle piece /�tat(ə)l pi�s/ noun displaylettering on a title pagetitle signaturetitle signature /�tat(ə)l �s"ntʃə/noun the first signature of a book, whichcontains the title pagetitlingtitling /�tat(ə)lŋ/, titling font noun atypeface font which only exists in capitalletters and is used in book titles and otherheadings‘to be continued’‘to be continued’ /�tυ bi� kən|�tnju�d/phrase words at the end of an article,showing that the serialisation will becontinued in the next issueTOEFLTOEFL /�təυf(ə)l/ a trademark for astandardised English language test takenby speakers of other languages who areapplying to universities in the UnitedStates. Full form Test of English as aForeign Languagetokentoken /�təυkən/ noun something whichacts as a sign or symboltoken chargetoken charge /�təυkən �tʃɑ�d�/ noun asmall charge which does not cover the realcoststoken damagestoken damages /�təυkən �d�md�z/plural noun damages awarded by a courtwhich are very small to show that the harmdone was more technical than realtoken paymenttoken payment /�təυkən �pemənt/noun a small payment made as a symbolicgesturetolerancetolerance /�tɒlərəns/ noun deviationfrom the specifications allowed in dimen-sions � We agreed with the binder on atolerance of 5%.tombstonetombstone /�tu�mstəυn/ noun 1. a largeadvertisement placed in a newspaper orperiodical for a legal reason, such as toannounce a will or to give the terms of agovernment loan 2. a page layout flaw inwhich two columns in a multicolumn


ton 268

layout each have subheadings positioned atthe same level, confusing the eyetonton /t�n/ noun a measure of weighttonetone /təυn/ noun a shade of colour � Thegraphics package can give several tones ofblue.tonertoner /�təυnə/ noun dry ink powder putinto a photocopier to develop the image onthe copytoner cartridgetoner cartridge /�təυnə �kɑ�trd�/noun a sealed cartridge containing toner,which can be easily replaced in a photo-copier � Change toner and toner cartridgeaccording to the manual.tone valuetone value /�təυn �v�lju�/ noun thedegree of tone of a colourtone worktone work /�təυn w!�k/ noun a halftonework, using screening to produce tones ina printed worktonnagetonnage /�t�nd�/ noun 1. space forcargo in a ship, measured in tons 2. theweight of paper, in tonnestonnetonne /t�n/ noun � metric tontooltool /tu�l/ noun a metal instrument whichis used to press designs onto the case of abook � verb to make a design on the caseof a book by pressing on the case with atool which has been heated � a book intooled morocco bindingtoolingtooling /�tu�lŋ/ noun the act of pressingdesigns by hand onto the cover of a book,using a punchtoolkittoolkit /�tu�lkt/ noun 1. a collection ofinformation, resources and advice for aspecific subject area or activity 2. a bundleof software which can be used to set up aparticular utility or servicetoothtooth /tu�θ/ noun 1. the degree of surfaceroughness of a piece of paper 2. the abilityof paper to take ink well, caused by itshaving a slightly rougher surfacetoptop /tɒp/ adjective, noun 1. the upper edgeof a bound book or upper part of the page2. first � verb to go higher than or to makea higher offer than something � The NewYork agent bid $500,000 which topped allother bids.top copytop copy /�tɒp �kɒpi/ noun the first sheetof a document which is typed with severalphotocopiestop-level domaintop-level domain /�tɒp �lev(ə)l dəυ|

�men/ noun the part of an Internet addressthat identifies an Internet domain, e.g. edu(education), .com (commercial) or a two-letter country code.

top managementtop management /�tɒp�m�nd�mənt/ noun the most seniormembers of a management hierarchytop margintop margin /�tɒp �mɑ�d�n/ noun themargin at the top of a printed pagetopologytopology /tɒ |�pɒləd�i/ noun the relation-ships between parts linked together in asystem such as a computer networktopping bidtopping bid /�tɒpŋ bd/ noun a bidwhich is higher than all otherstop-sellingtop-selling /�tɒp �selŋ/ adjectiveselling better than all other products � top-selling author of detective storiestop sidetop side /�tɒp sad/ noun 1. the sidewhich is being printed on 2. the smooth topside of paper, as opposed to the wire sidewhich may show the marks of the wiremeshtop spacetop space /�tɒp spes/ noun the numberof blank lines left at the top of a printed texttop-weightingtop-weighting /�tɒp �wetŋ/ noun amethod of designing a page so that theemphasis is to the top part, used in maga-zine design rather than in books. � margintotal area coveragetotal area coverage /�təυt(ə)l �eəriə�k�v(ə)rd�/ noun the total of each of thepercentages of target ink densities used ina printed work. Abbr TACtotal invoice valuetotal invoice value /�təυt(ə)l �nvɔs�v�lju�/ noun the total amount on aninvoice, including transport, VAT, etc.town plantown plan /�taυn �pl�n/ noun same asstreet planTPTP abbreviation teleprocessingtracetrace /tres/ verb to find somebody orsomething after a prolonged searchtracingtracing /�tresŋ/ noun a function of agraphics program that takes a bitmapimage and processes it to find the edges ofthe shapes and so convert these into avector line image that can be more easilymanipulatedtracing papertracing paper /�tresŋ �pepə/ nounspecial transparent paper used to tracedesignstracktrack /tr�k/ noun a concentric ring on acomputer disk or tape which is used tostore data in separate sectionstrackingtracking /�tr�kŋ/ noun 1. the act ofreducing the spaces between letters, eitherto save space or to avoid awkward lettercombinations (like L and T) which canleave gaps if spaced normally 2. lines onmagnetic tapes or disks along which infor-mation is carried


269 trading patterntracking linestracking lines /�tr�kŋ lanz/ pluralnoun imaginary lines running from thefront edge of a printing plate to the backtrack recordtrack record /�tr�k �rekɔ�d/ noun thesuccess or failure of a company or sales-person in the past � He has a good trackrecord as a salesman. � The company hasno track record in the computer market.tractor feedtractor feed /�tr�ktə fi�d/ noun amethod of controlling paper feed by theuse of holes on the edge of the paper andsprockets on the printertradetrade /tred/ noun the activity of buying,selling or exchanging goods or servicestrade agreementtrade agreement /�tred ə|�"ri�mənt/noun an international agreement betweencountries over general terms of tradetrade associationtrade association /�tred ə|

�səυsieʃ(ə)n/ noun a group which linkstogether companies in the same tradetrade bindingtrade binding /�tred �bandŋ/ nounthe binding of sheets of a book by a binderfor another printer which has printed themtrade booktrade book /�tred bυk/ noun a standardedition of a book, meant for sale to thegeneral public, as opposed to a de luxe orbook club editiontrade bureautrade bureau /�tred �bjυərəυ/ noun anoffice which specialises in commercialenquiriestrade cataloguetrade catalogue /�tred �k�təlɒ"/noun 1. a book containing details of thegoods manufactured or sold by a firm 2. apublisher’s catalogue listing books for salethrough retail bookshopstrade countertrade counter /�tred �kaυntə/ noun ashop in a publisher’s office or section of awarehouse where small quantities of booksare sold to booksellers in persontrade customstrade customs /�tred �k�stəmz/ pluralnoun particular customs relating to theprinting and publishing tradestrade cycletrade cycle /�tred �sak(ə)l/ noun aperiod during which trade expands, thenslows down, then expands againtrade descriptiontrade description /�tred d|�skrpʃən/noun a description of a product forattracting customersTrade Descriptions ActTrade Descriptions Act /�tred d |

�skrpʃənz �kt/ noun an act which limitsthe way in which products can bedescribed, in order to protect customersfrom wrong descriptions made by manu-facturerstrade directorytrade directory /�tred da|�rekt(ə)ri/noun a book containing alphabetical lists

and information about companies andorganisations involved in trade in a partic-ular areatrade discounttrade discount /�tred �dskaυnt/ nouna reduction in price given to a customer inthe same trade, as by a publisher to anotherpublisher or to a booksellertrade editiontrade edition /�tred |�dʃ(ə)n/ noun anedition of a book for sale through retailbookshops, as opposed to an edition forsale through book clubs or to the educa-tional market, etc.trade editortrade editor /�tred �edtə/ noun sameas general books editortrade fairtrade fair /�tred feə/ noun a large exhi-bition for advertising and selling a partic-ular type of producttrade housetrade house /�tred haυs/ noun aspecialist printing or binding companywhich does work mainly for other printersor binders such as typesetting, laminating,or making jacketstrade journaltrade journal /�tred �d�!�n(ə)l/, trademagazine /�tred m�"ə |�zi�n/ noun amagazine produced for people or compa-nies in a particular tradetrademarktrademark /�tredmɑ�k/ noun a name,sign or symbol printed on something toshow who it is made bytrade missiontrade mission /�tred �mʃ(ə)n/ noun avisit to a country by a group of foreignbusinessmen to discuss tradetrade nametrade name /�tred nem/ noun thename under which a product is sold � Somedrugs are marketed under several differenttrade names.trade papertrade paper /�tred �pepə/ noun anewspaper aimed at people working in aparticular industrytrade paperbacktrade paperback /�tred �pepəb�k/noun a paperback edition of a book that issuperior in production quality to a mass-market paperback edition and is similar toa hardback in sizetrade presstrade press /�tred pres/ noun all maga-zines produced for people working in aparticular tradetrade pricetrade price /�tred pras/ noun a specialwholesale price paid by a retailer to themanufacturer or wholesalertrade publishertrade publisher /�tred �p�blʃə/ nouna publisher specialising in books for salethrough retail bookshopstrading patterntrading pattern /�tredŋ �p�t(ə)n/noun the general way in which trade iscarried on. Also called pattern of trade


trailing blade coater 270trailing blade coatertrailing blade coater /�trelŋ bled�kəυtə/ noun a device for scraping offexcess coating from papertraintrain /�tren on/ verb to teach somebodythe skills for a specific jobtraineetrainee /tre |�ni�/ noun a person who islearning how to perform specific taskstraineeshiptraineeship /tre|�ni�ʃp/ noun the postof traineetrainingtraining /�trenŋ/ noun the act ofteaching somebody specific skillstraining officertraining officer /�trenŋ �ɒfsə/ noun aperson in a company who deals with thetraining of stafftranscribetranscribe /tr�n|�skrab/ verb 1. toproduce a written version of spoken words� His speech was transcribed so that itcould be printed. 2. to write a written textin the alphabet of another languagetranscriptiontranscription /tr�n |�skrpʃən/ noun theact of transcribing data or copying a texttransfer cylindertransfer cylinder /�tr�nsf!� �slndə/noun same as blanket cylindertransfer diffusion copiertransfer diffusion copier /�tr�nsf!�d |�fju��(ə)n �kɒpiə/ noun a type of photo-copying device for producing PMTs, trans-forming negatives into positives for use inlitho originationtransfer letterstransfer letters /�tr�nsf!� �letəz/,transfer lettering, transfer type noun asystem of letters which can be transferredto a sheet of paper by pressing, available inmany different fonts and point sizestransferred charge calltransferred charge call /tr�ns |�f!�d�tʃɑ�d� kɔ�l/ noun a telephone call wherethe person receiving the call agrees to payfor ittransgressive fictiontransgressive fiction /tr�nz |�"resv�fkʃ(ə)n/ noun a literary genre character-ised by graphic exploration of taboo topics,to which the work of writers such as theMarquis de Sade and William Burroughsbelongs. It is based on the belief thatknowledge is to be found at the very edgeof human experience.translatetranslate /tr�ns|�let/ verb 1. to changeinformation from one language or formatto another 2. to convert ideas into actiontranslationtranslation /tr�ns|�leʃ(ə)n/ noun theact of translating, or a book or other textwhich has been translated � She passed thetranslation of the letter to the accountsdepartment.translation bureautranslation bureau /�tr�ns |�leʃ(ə)n�bjυərəυ/ noun an office which translatesdocuments for companies

translation rightstranslation rights /tr�ns|�leʃ(ə)nrats/ plural noun rights to translate a bookinto another language � He paid $10,000for the English translation rights.translatortranslator /tr�ns |�letə/ noun 1. a personwho converts text and spoken words fromone language to another 2. a laptopcomputer that translates words into otherlanguagestransliteratetransliterate /tr�ns |�ltəret/ verb towrite words of one language in the charac-ters of another � ‘Pinyin’ is Chinese trans-literated into Western characters.transliterationtransliteration /�tr�nzltə |�reʃ(ə)n/noun the writing of words of one languageusing the characters of another, e.g. Arabicusing the roman alphabet. � romanisationtranslucenttranslucent /tr�ns|�lu�s(ə)nt/ adjectivethrough which light can pass, but whichcannot be seen throughtransparencytransparency /tr�ns |�p�rənsi/ nountransparent positive film which can beprojected onto a screen by using a lightsourcetransparenttransparent /tr�ns|�p�rənt/ adjectiveeasily seen through, recognised or under-stoodtransparent copytransparent copy /tr�ns|�p�rənt�kɒpi/ noun transparencies used forprintingtransparent inktransparent ink /tr�ns |�p�rənt �ŋk/noun ink which when printed over otherinks allows the first ink to show throughtranspondertransponder /tr�n |�spɒndə/ noun acommunications device that receives andretransmits signalstransposetranspose /tr�ns |�pəυz/ verb to put twothings such as letters in words, illustrationsor lines of text in place of each other � Thecaptions to the two illustrations weretransposed in paste-up. Abbr trs (NOTE: Asan instruction to a printer, the text or lettersto be moved are indicated with a curled lineand an arrow in the margin.)transpositiontransposition /�tr�nspə |�zʃ(ə)n/ nouna change in the order of a series of charac-ters, as ‘comupter’ for ‘computer’ or‘1899’ for ‘1989’trappingtrapping /�tr�pŋ/ noun the process ofprogramming adjacent colour areas on adigital file to slightly overlap (lap register)to allow for misregistrationtraveltravel /�tr�v(ə)l/ verb to go from oneplace to another, especially to show acompany’s goods to buyers and take orders


271 turn in

from them � He travels in the north of thecountry for a paperback house.travel booktravel book /�tr�v(ə)l bυk/ noun a bookwhich describes a journey undertaken bythe author, or the author’s impressions of aforeign country, but not giving factualdetails of hotels, museums and othertourist informationtravel guidetravel guide /�tr�v(ə)l "ad/ noun abook which gives tourist information abouta place such as how to get there, what isworth visiting and which hotels to stay attravelling expensestravelling expenses /�tr�v(ə)lŋ ek|

�spensz/ plural noun money spent on trav-elling and hotels for business purposestravel listtravel list /�tr�v(ə)l lst/ noun a series oftravel books published by a publishertravel magazinetravel magazine /�tr�v(ə)l m�"ə|

�zi�n/ noun a magazine with articles onholidays and traveltrawltrawl /trɔ�l/ noun a search for something,especially information � verb to search forsomething through a large amount of infor-mation or many possibilitiestreatmenttreatment /�tri�tmənt/ noun a way ofwriting about something or somebodytrialtrial /�traəl/ noun a test of somebody orsomething to see if they are suitable for aparticular situationtrial sampletrial sample /�traəl �sɑ�mpəl/ noun asmall piece of a product used for testingtrichromatictrichromatic /�trakrəυ|�m�tk/ adjec-tive using three colourstrichromatic inktrichromatic ink /�traəkrəυm�tk�ŋk/ noun one of the three process colourstrimtrim /trm/ verb to cut off a small portionof something around its edge � noun theaction of cutting the edges of the foldedpages of a book as it is being bound � Thetrim may be as much as 4mm.tri-metal platetri-metal plate /�tra �met(ə)l �plet/noun a plate used for long print runs, madeof three layers of metaltrim markstrim marks /�trm mɑ�ks/ plural nounmarks printed on a sheet which indicatewhere the sheet has to be trimmed (NOTE:The US term is cut marks.)trimmertrimmer /�trmə/ noun a machine thatcuts the edges of the pages of a book as itis being bound. � three-knife trimmertrimmingstrimmings /�trmŋz/ plural noun thepieces of paper cut off the edges of pagestrim sizetrim size /�trm saz/, trimmed sizenoun the measurements of a page of a bookafter it has been cut, or of a sheet of paperafter it has been cut to size

trim to bleedtrim to bleed /�trm tυ �bli�d/ verb aninstruction to trim the printed sheets untilthe edge of the page cuts into the printedareatrindlestrindles /�trnd(ə)lz/ plural noun flatpieces of metal which hold a book flatwhile the foredge is being trimmedtriple liningtriple lining /�trp(ə)l �lanŋ/ noun avery strong binding using linings on thespinetriplex papertriplex paper /�trpleks �pepə/ nounpaper made of three layerstriviatrivia /�trviə/ noun a collection of insig-nificant or obscure items, details or infor-mationtrstrs abbreviation an instruction to a type-setter to change the place of letters orpieces of text. Full form transposetrue copytrue copy /�tru� �kɒpi/ noun an exactcopy of a document � I certify that this is atrue copy.true italictrue italic /�tru� |�t�lk/ noun a designeditalic face in a font, as opposed to the italicin dot-matrix printers which is slopedromanTSTS abbreviation typescriptTTSTTS abbreviation teletypesettingtub-sized papertub-sized paper /�t�b sazd �pepə/noun paper that has been dipped into size,which is stiff and smooth and is used forwriting papers and legal documentstub sizingtub sizing /�t�b �sazŋ/ noun the sizingof paper by dipping it in a vat containinggelatinetuckertucker /�t�kə/ noun a strip of metal whichpushes the sheet into the folding deviceturkeyturkey /�t!�ki/ noun US a book that doesnot sell very well (informal)turnturn /t!�n/ noun a metal character whichhas been put in upside down, because thecorrect character was not available � verbto change direction or to put something ina different way � The illustration has beenturned to appear landscape. � to turn aletter to set a letter upside down becausethe correct letter is not availableturnaround timeturnaround time /�t!�nəraυnd �tam/noun the time taken to complete a job frombeginning to end � The turnaround time forphotocopying the document is three hours.turner barsturner bars /�t!�nə bɑ�z/ plural nounsame as angle barsturn inturn in /�t!�n �n/ verb to bend covermaterial over the edge of the binding boardand glue it there


turn over 272turn overturn over /�t!�n �əυvə/ verb to have aparticular amount of sales � We turn over£20,000 a week.turnoverturnover /�t!�nəυvə/ noun 1. the rate atwhich people leave a company and arereplaced 2. the amount of money taken forgoods or services sold during a givenperiod of timeturnroundturnround /�t!�nraυnd/ noun the valueof goods sold during a year divided by theaverage value of goods held in stockTVTV abbreviation televisionTV rightsTV rights /�ti� �vi� �rats/ plural nounsame as television rightsTV spotTV spot /�ti� �vi� �spɒt/ noun a shortperiod on TV which is used for commer-cials � We are running a series of TV spotsover the next three weeks.twelvemotwelvemo /�twelvməυ/ noun 1. a bookmade from a sheet which is folded to givetwelve leaves or twenty-four pages 2. abook with this format 3. an American booksize, 7–8 inches high � abbr 12mo12mo12mo abbreviation twelvemo24mo24mo abbreviation twenty-fourmotwenty-fourmotwenty-fourmo /�twenti �fɔ�məυ/ noun1. a book format produced when theprinted sheet is folded to give 24 leaves, or48 pages 2. a book with this format 3. anAmerican book size, 5–6 inches high �abbr 24motwice-uptwice-up /�twas ��p/ adjective drawntwice the size that it will be when printed.Also called two-uptwin-wire fourdriniertwin-wire fourdrinier /�twn �waə fɔ�|

�drnie/ noun a papermaking machinewith two wire meshes, making two layersof paper which are joined together back toback while still wet, so the finished paperis smooth on both sidestwin-wire papertwin-wire paper /�twn �waə �pepə/noun smooth paper made on a twin-wirefourdriniertwo-colour presstwo-colour press /�tu� �k�lə �pres/noun a printing press which can print twocolours at the same timetwo-colour processtwo-colour process /�tu� �k�lə�prəυses/ noun a process involving sepa-rating artwork for printing in two colourstwo-line drop capitaltwo-line drop capital /�tu� lan drɒp�k�pt(ə)l/ noun an initial capital letterwhich occupies two lines, sometimes useddecoratively at the beginning of a chaptertwo revolution printingtwo revolution printing /�tu� �revə|

�lu�ʃ(ə)n �prntŋ/ noun a letterpress

process where the cylinder rotates twicefor each impressiontwo settwo set /�tu� set/ noun the action ofputting two sets of plates on a printingcylinder, so that two impressions are madeat the same timetwo-shot bindingtwo-shot binding /�tu� ʃɒt �bandŋ/noun adhesive binding using both hot meltand cold PVA gluestwo-sidednesstwo-sidedness /�tu� �saddnəs/ nounthe quality of paper having a slightlydifferent finish on either side due to themanufacturing process, which may make itprint differently. Compare like-sidednesstwo-uptwo-up /�tu� �w�p/ adverb 1. printing twocopies of a book at the same time with thepages joined head to head, used for paper-back binding. � coming-and-going, foreand aft, printed head-to-head, printedhead-to-tail. Compare one-up � bookwhich is printed two-up a book which isprinted and bound two copies at a time 2.sewing two sections together � adjectivesame as twice-up.txt.txt suffix a file extension for a text file.Full form texttympantympan /�tmp�n/ noun the bed onwhich the paper is placed in a hand-oper-ated press, or a bed of sheets used to raisethe printing paper to the correct heighttypetype /tap/ noun metal characters used forprinting � verb to write using a computerkeyboard

COMMENT: Type area and type depth canbe described as inclusive or exclusive;inclusive includes the running heads andany footlines (which may involve the folio),and exclusive counts only the area of textwithout running heads or footlines.

type areatype area /�tap �eəriə/ noun the spaceon a page which is occupied by the printedtext, including headingstypecastingtypecasting /�tapkɑ�stŋ/ noun theprocess of casting type in hot metaltypecuttertypecutter /�tapk�tə/ noun a personwho cuts the punches to make the matricesto cast typetypefacetypeface /�tapfes/ noun the size andstyle of printing used, measured in ‘points’which refer to the height of the characterstype familytype family /�tap �f�m(ə)li/ nounvarious forms of the same typeface such asroman, bold, italic or condensedtypefoundertypefounder /�tapfaυndə/ noun aperson who casts metal typetypefoundrytypefoundry /�tapfaυndri/ noun aworkshop where metal type is cast


273 typographytype gaugetype gauge /�tap "ed�/ noun a specialruler used by printers and production staff,showing width in ems and points, used forcalculating the width of a line or the depthof a page. Also called type scale (NOTE:The US term is line gauge.)type heighttype height /�tap hat/ noun thestandard height of the main section of ametal character, which is 23.32mmtype-hightype-high /�tap ha/ adjective the sameheight as type, such as in a bearer or blocktype holdertype holder /�tap �həυldə/ noun a toolholding the type of words to be blockedonto a covertype mattertype matter /�tap �m�tə/ noun textwhich has been typeset, as opposed toillustrationstype metaltype metal /�tap �met(ə)l/ noun themetal used in metal setting, which is amixture of lead, tin and antimonytype pagetype page /�tap ped�/ noun the area ofa page which is covered with printing,surrounded by the marginstype scaletype scale /�tap skel/ noun same astype gaugetypescripttypescript /�tapskrpt/ noun a type-written copy of a manuscript. Abbr TStype seriestype series /�tap �səri�z/ noun all thedifferent point sizes available in a typefacetypesettypeset /�tapset/ verb to set text in typeready to be printedtypesettertypesetter /�tapsetə/ noun a person orcompany that typesets texttypesettingtypesetting /�tapsetŋ/ noun the act ofsetting text in type � Typesetting costs canbe reduced by supplying the typesetter withprekeyed disks.typesetting machinetypesetting machine /�tapsetŋ mə|

�ʃi�n/ noun a machine which sets typeautomatically in hot metal, from instruc-tions given on a paper tape, punched by thecompositor using a keyboardtype sizetype size /�tap saz/ noun the size oftype, calculated in ‘points’ which refer tothe height of the printed character but notits width

type specificationtype specification /�tap�spesfkeʃ(ə)n/, type spec noun detailsabout the type to be used in a book such asthe typeface, point size and leadingtype specimentype specimen /�tap �spesmn/ nouna printed specimen showing samples ofvarious typefaces or of the typeface to beused for a particular jobtype styletype style /�tap stal/ noun the generalstyle of type, such as roman, bold or italic,in which a job will be settypotypo /�tapəυ/ noun a typographic errorwhich is made while typesetting (informal)� literaltypographertypographer /ta|�pɒ"rəfə/ noun 1. aperson who designs the printed pages of abook, or a person who designs typefaces 2.a person who sets a book in type (NOTE:More usually called a compositor.)typographictypographic /�tapə|�"r�fk/, typo-graphical /�tapə|�"r�fk(ə)l/ adjectiverelating to typography or to typesetting �No typographical skills are required forthis job. � A typographical error madewhile typesetting is called a literal.typographic errortypographic error /�tapə|�"r�fk�erə/ noun a mistake made when keyingtext or typesetting

‘…all name searches can be truncatedwithout a wildcard (learned inf, learn,lea). Authority files exist for each wordin a business name, so it is possible tolook up uncertain spellings first.Unfortunately, the authority files revealthe large number of misspellings andtypographic errors in the database (suchas ‘informatio’).’ [Information WorldReview]

typographic qualitytypographic quality /�tapə"r�fk�kwɒləti/ noun the quality of text set by alaser printer, which is the same as if it hadbeen phototypesettypographytypography /ta |�pɒ"rəfi/ noun thedesign and methods used when workingwith type


Uu & lcu & lc, u/lc abbreviation upper and lowercaseucuc abbreviation upper caseUCAUCA abbreviation undercolour additionUCCUCC abbreviation Universal CopyrightConventionUCRUCR abbreviation undercolour removalultraviolet dryingultraviolet drying /��ltrəvaələt�draŋ/ noun the process of drying ink orvarnish by radiation of ultraviolet lightultraviolet lightultraviolet light /��ltrəvaələt �lat/noun light which is just beyond the spec-trum visible by the human eye. Abbr UVlight

COMMENT: UV light is used to dry inks andcover varnishes. UV varnishing is cheaperthan lamination, but does not have asglossy a finish.

umlautumlaut /�υmlaυt/ noun a pronunciationindicator of two dots above a vowel (e.g.ü), used especially in Germanunabridgedunabridged /��nə|�brd�d/ adjectivecomplete and not shortenedunacceptableunacceptable /��nək |�septəb(ə)l/adjective not suitable to be accepted � Theterms of the contract are quite unaccept-able.unattributedunattributed /��nə|�trbjυtd/ adjectivenot attributed to a particular source ofinformation or a particular creatorunauthorised biographyunauthorised biography /�n |

�ɔ�θərazd ba|�ɒ"rəfi/ noun a biographywritten without the permission of thesubject or relatives of the subject, andwhich may be more critical than an author-ised biography and therefore more liable toprosecutionunauthorised editionunauthorised edition /�n|�ɔ�θərazd |

�dʃ(ə)n/, unauthorised reprint /�n |

�ɔ�θərazd �ri�prnt/ noun a pirate editionof a book which has not been authorised bythe publisher

unauthorised returns

unauthorised returns /�n |�ɔ�θərazdr |�t!�nz/ plural noun unsold booksreturned from a bookshop without authori-sation from the publisher or their repre-sentativeunavailability

unavailability /��nəvelə|�blti/ nounthe fact of not being availableunavailable

unavailable /��nə |�veləb(ə)l/ adjectivenot available � The following items on yourorder are temporarily unavailable.unbacked

unbacked /�n|�b�kt/ adjective a sheet ofpaper printed on one side onlyunbleached kraft

unbleached kraft /�n |�bli�tʃt �krɑ�ft/,unbleached kraft paper noun strong mattbrown paper used for making paper bags,wrapping paper, etc., not weakened bybleachingunbound

unbound /�n |�baυnd/ adjective nothaving been bounduncensored

uncensored /�n|�sensəd/ adjective nothaving been viewed by the official govern-ment censor and approved for showing tothe publicunchecked

unchecked /�n |�tʃekt/ adjective nothaving been checked � a set of uncheckedproofsuncoated paper

uncoated paper /�n |�kəυtd �pepə/noun paper which is not coated with anysubstanceuncorrected

uncorrected /��nkə|�rektd/ adjectivenot corrected � to send a set of uncorrectedproofs to the proofreaderuncorrupted

uncorrupted /��nkə|�r�ptd/ adjectiverelating to a computer file or database thatis free of errors or virusesuncut pages

uncut pages /�n|�k�t �pedzz/ pluralnoun pages of a book which have beenbound but not trimmed, so that some pagesare still attached by folds at the foredge andhead


275 uniformunderblanketunderblanket /��ndəbl�ŋkt/ noun apacking sheet under the blanket on ablanket cylinder in offset printingundercolour additionundercolour addition /��ndək�lə |

�dʃ(ə)n/ noun the addition of extra colourin litho separations as part of the achro-matic colour origination system. AbbrUCAundercolour removalundercolour removal /��ndək�lə r|

�mu�v(ə)l/ noun the removal of unwantedcolour in litho separations as part of theachromatic colour origination system.Abbr UCRunder contractunder contract /��ndə �kɒntr�kt/adjective bound by the terms of a contract� The firm is under contract to deliver thegoods by November.undercutundercut /��ndə|�k�t/ noun the cuttingaction of acid in process engraving, whicheats under the edges of the image areasunderexposedunderexposed /��ndək|�spəυzd/adjective not having been exposed for longenough and so too darkunderexposureunderexposure /��ndək|�spəυ�ə/noun failure to expose a photograph longenough, with the result that it is darkunderfoldunderfold /��ndəfəυld/ noun paperwhich does not reach the edge of the otherleaves because the folding machine is offcentre (NOTE: The opposite (i.e. the paperwhich sticks out from the rest of the foldedsheets) is overfold.)underground literatureunderground literature/��ndə"raυnd �lt(ə)rətʃə/ noun literaturepublished by the underground pressunderground pressunderground press /��ndə"raυnd�pres/ noun illegal newspapers publishedin a country where publications arecensoredunderlayunderlay /��ndəle/ verb to raise theheight of a printing plate by putting some-thing such as a piece of card under it �noun card used to raise the height of ablock or plateunderlineunderline verb to emphasise somethingeither by talking about it strongly or bydrawing a line under a written word orphrase � noun 1. a line drawn or printedunder a piece of text � The chapter head-ings are given a double underline and theparagraphs a single underline. 2. US acaption printed under an illustration

COMMENT: Underlining is used by editorsand designers to indicate different typestyles: single underline is an instruction toset in italic; double underline, in small caps;three lines indicate caps. (These are all

straight lines). A wavy underline is used toinstruct setting in bold.

undermentionedundermentioned /��ndə|�menʃ(ə)nd/adjective mentioned lower down in a docu-mentunderrununderrun /��ndər�n/ noun 1. theprinting of fewer sheets than were ordered2. the delivering or making of less paperthan was ordered (NOTE: [all senses] Theopposite is overrun.)unearned advanceunearned advance /�n |�!�nd əd |

�vɑ�ns/ noun money received as anadvance on royalties, which has not beencovered by the royalties from the sales sofaruneditedunedited /�n |�edtd/ adjective nothaving been edited � The unedited text iswith the publisher for editing.uneven inkinguneven inking /�n|�i�v(ə)n �ŋkŋ/noun inking where some parts of the sheetare darker than othersuneven workinguneven working /�n|�i�v(ə)n �w!�kŋ/noun a page extent which does not fit theprinter’s imposition scheme, usually amultiple of 8 or 16 � The book is likely tomake 358 pages, but the printer says this isan uneven working and we must reduce thetext to 352 pages.unexpurgatedunexpurgated /�n |�ekspə"etd/ adjec-tive not edited to remove words or passagesconsidered offensive or unsuitableunfair competitionunfair competition /��nfeə �kɒmpə|

�tʃ(ə)n/ noun a situation in which onecompany tries to do better than another byusing techniques such as importing foreigngoods at very low prices or by wronglycriticising a competitor’s productsunfinishedunfinished /�n|�fnʃt/ adjective 1. nothaving been finished � At his death he leftthe unfinished manuscript of his tenthnovel. 2. not having been through the finalstages of some processunfulfilled ordersunfulfilled orders /��nfυlfld �ɔ�dəz/plural noun orders received in the past andnot yet suppliedungatheredungathered /�n|�"�ðəd/ adjectivesheets which have been printed and folded,but not gatheredUnicodeUnicode /�ju�nkəυd/ a trade name for amethod of identifying characters with indi-vidual numbers for use across platformsand applicationsuniformuniform /�ju�nfɔ�m/ adjective exactlythe same across a range or area � Theletters are not of uniform height. � Thecolour is a uniform pale yellow.


uniform edition 276uniform editionuniform edition /�ju�nfɔ�m |�dʃ(ə)n/noun a series of different books all with thesame designUniform Resource LocatorUniform Resource Locator/�ju�nfɔ�m r |�sɔ�s ləυ |�ketə/ noun anelectronic address used to give access tofiles on the Internet. Abbr URLunillustratedunillustrated /�n |�ləstretd/ adjectivehaving no illustrationsuninformativeuninformative /��nn|�fɔ�mətv/ adjec-tive not providing adequate informationunion catalogueunion catalogue /�ju�niən �k�təlɒ"/,union list /�ju�niən lst/ noun a combinedbibliographic list of holdings for eitherinstitutions or subjectsunion kraftunion kraft /�ju�njən krɑ�ft/, unionpaper noun waterproof paper made of twolayers of kraft paper with a tar coatingbetween themunitunit /�ju�nt/ noun a small part of a largeorganisation with a specialised purposeunit costunit cost /�ju�nt kɒst/ noun the cost ofa single book, calculated by dividing thetotal product cost by the number of unitsproducedunit priceunit price /�ju�nt pras/ noun the priceof one itemunit type pressunit type press /�ju�nt tap �pres/noun a press with several printing unitsUniversUnivers /�ju�nv!�s/ noun a sans facedesigned by Adrian Frutiger in 1957 andnow very widely usedUniversal Copyright ConventionUniversal Copyright Convention/�ju�nv!�s(ə)l �kɒpirat kən|�venʃ(ə)n/noun an international agreement on copy-right set up by the United Nations inGeneva in 1952. Abbr UCC. See Commentat conventionuniversity pressuniversity press /�ju�n |�v!�sti �pres/noun 1. a printing press belonging to auniversity, which prints university docu-ments such as examination papers and theuniversity statutes 2. a publishing companybelonging to a universityUNIXUNIX /�ju�nks/, Unix /�ju�nks/ a trade-mark for a widely used computer operatingsystem, developed in 1969 at AT&T BellLaboratories, which can support multi-tasking in a multi-user environmentunjustifiedunjustified /�n |�d��stfad/ adjectivewith ragged margins, i.e. with no justifica-tion

COMMENT: The text can be ranged left orright, leaving the other margin unjustified.This can also be called ‘ragged left’ or‘ragged right’.

unlawfulunlawful /�n |�lɔ�f(ə)l/ adjective againstthe law or not legalunlawful copyingunlawful copying /�n|�lɔ�f(ə)l�kɒpiŋ/, unlawful reproduction noun thecopying of a text or illustration without thepermission of the copyright holderunleadedunleaded /�n|�ledd/ adjective with noleading between lines. � lead2 verbunlined paperunlined paper /��nland �pepə/ nounpaper with no lines printed on itunmarkedunmarked /�n|�mɑ�kt/ adjective of abook, especially a second-hand book, withno marks on the pages caused by e.g.fingerprints or smudgesunpagedunpaged /�n |�ped�d/ adjective notmarked with page numbers. Abbr unp.unpublishableunpublishable /�n|�p�blʃ(ə)bəl/adjective not suitable for publishing byanybodyunpublishedunpublished /�n|�p�blʃt/ adjective nothaving been publishedunseenunseen /�n|�si�n/ adjective not havingbeen seen � They bought 250 copies sightunseen.unseriffedunseriffed /�n|�serft/ adjective withoutserifsunsewnunsewn /�n|�səυn/ adjective bound sothat the pages are not sewn together but arecut and glued to the cover. � adhesivebindingunsharp maskingunsharp masking /�n|�ʃɑ�p �mɑ�skŋ/noun a function available on a scanner togive increased definition to an unsharporiginal. Abbr USM. Also called edgeenhancement, peakingunshiftunshift /��nʃft/ verb to move to lowercase characters on a keyboard, i.e. tocancel a shift key operationunsoldunsold /�n|�səυld/ adjective not sold �Unsold copies will be returned for credit.unsolicitedunsolicited /�nsə |�lstd/ adjective nothaving been asked forunsolicited manuscriptunsolicited manuscript /�nsə|�lstd�m�njυskrpt/ noun a manuscript whichis sent to a publisher by the author, withoutthe publisher having asked to see itunsolicited testimonialunsolicited testimonial /�nsə|�lstd�test |�məυniəl/ noun a letter praising aperson or a product which was writtenwithout being askeduntitleduntitled /�n|�tat(ə)ld/ adjective withouta titleuntranslateduntranslated /��ntr�ns |�letd/ adjec-tive in its original language as opposed tobeing translated


277 UV varnishinguntrimmeduntrimmed /�n|�trmd/ adjective inwhich the pages have not been trimmeduntrimmed sizeuntrimmed size /�n |�trmd saz/ nounthe size of a piece of paper or printed pagewhich has not been trimmedunwinding standunwinding stand /�n |�wandŋ st�nd/noun a stand holding a web of paper whichis to be passed through another processsuch as supercalenderingunwritten agreementunwritten agreement /�n|�rt(ə)n ə|

�"ri�mənt/ noun an agreement which hasbeen reached in speaking, such as in a tele-phone conversation, but has not beenwritten downupup /�p/ adjective possessing up-to-date oraccurate information-up-up /�p/ suffix referring to the number ofplates printed at one time on one side of asheetUPCUPC noun an American barcode systemused on packaging and book covers. Fullform universal product codeupdateupdate noun /��pdet/ a news item whichhas the latest information on a topicalready covered � verb /�p |�det/ to changeinformation so that it is up to date andaccurateup frontup front /��p �fr�nt/ adverb in advanceupper and lower caseupper and lower case /��pə ən �ləυəkes/ noun a style of printing where thefirst letter of each word is a capital, and allthe others are small � He corrected theword ‘coMputer’, replacing the upper caseM with a lower case letter. Abbr u.&l.c.upper caseupper case /��pə �kes/ noun capitalletters and other symbols on a typewriter orkeyboard, which are accessed by pressingthe shift key � The headline is printed inupper and lower case (u & lc). Abbr uc

COMMENT: To instruct upper case, theeditor underlines the text with three lines.

The term ‘upper case’ comes from the casein which metal type was kept in front of thecompositor. The case was divided intomany little compartments, the top half beingfor capitals and the bottom part for smallletters.

up strokeup stroke /��p strəυk/ noun a line madeby moving the pen up the piece of paperup to dateup to date /��p tə �det/ adjectivecontaining the latest known dataURLURL abbreviation Uniform ResourceLocatorusageusage /�ju�sd�/ noun the generallyaccepted way that words are used, whichmay not necessarily be grammaticallycorrectUsenetUsenet /�ju�z|�net/ noun a very largeonline bulletin board concerned with thenewsuseruser /�ju�zə/ noun a person who usessomethinguser-friendlyuser-friendly /�ju�zə �frendli/ adjectiverelating to language or software that makesinteraction with a computer easyuser’s guideuser’s guide /�ju�zəz "ad/, user’shandbook /�h�ndbυk/ noun a bookshowing how to use somethinguser’s manualuser’s manual /�ju�zəz �m�njυəl/noun a booklet showing how a device orsystem should be usedUSMUSM abbreviation unsharp maskingUV varnishUV varnish /�ju� �vi� �vɑ�nʃ/ noun acoating applied to book covers to makethem shiny and more durable, which can bedried on the machine under UV light(NOTE: UV varnishing is cheaper than lami-nation, but does not have as glossy afinish.)UV varnishingUV varnishing /�ju� �vi� �vɑ�nʃŋ/noun the process of coating a cover withUV varnish


Vvacuumvacuum /�v�kju�m/ noun a space fromwhich all air or gas has been emptiedvacuum formingvacuum forming /�v�kju�m �fɔ�mŋ/noun plastic moulding used in packaging,as in making boxes for kits or displayvacuum framevacuum frame /�v�kju�m frem/ nouna frame from which the air can be extractedto make a vacuum, so that the film and theplate are tight together, without any buck-ling of the filmvacuum padvacuum pad /�v�kju�m p�d/ pluralnoun a suction cap which is used to lift asheet of papervaluationvaluation /�v�lju|�eʃ(ə)n/ noun theprocess of calculating how much some-thing is worth � to buy a bookshop withstock at valuation to pay for the stock thesame amount as its value as estimated by avaluervaluevalue /�v�lju�/ noun the amount thatsomething is worth either in money orquantity � verb to estimate how muchmoney something is worthvalue added taxvalue added tax /�v�lju� ��dd �t�ks/noun a tax on goods and servicespurchased which the seller must then payto the government. Abbr VATvalue publishingvalue publishing /�v�lju� �p�blʃŋ/noun US the publishing of high-qualitybargain booksvaluervaluer /�v�ljυə/ noun a person who esti-mates how much money something isworthvandykevandyke, Van Dyke US a trade name fora type of photographic proof made fromfilm printed onto special paper. � blue,diazo paper, ozalidvanity publishervanity publisher /�v�nti �p�blʃə/noun a publishing house that publishes anauthor’s work in return for payment fromthe author. Vanity publishers do not typi-cally market or distribute their publica-tions.

vanity publishingvanity publishing /�v�nti �p�blʃŋ/noun the publishing of books which arepaid for by their authorsvariablevariable /�veəriəb(ə)l/ adjective notalways the same � Text was typed withvariable spacing between the words.variable costsvariable costs /�veəriəb(ə)l �kɒsts/plural noun production costs whichincrease with the quantity of the productmade, e.g. wages and raw materialsvariable spacingvariable spacing /�veəriəb(ə)l�spesŋ/ noun spacing between wordswhich can change, used in justifying linesvariorumvariorum /�veəri |�ɔ�rəm/ adjective 1.having commentary or notes written byvarious editors or scholars 2. containingdifferent versions or readings of a text �noun an edition of a text with commentaryor notes written by various editors orscholars, or with different versions or read-ingsvarnishvarnish /�vɑ�nʃ/ noun a shiny coatingapplied to book covers or jackets to makethem more durable, similar in appearanceto lamination, but cheaper � verb to coat abook cover with varnishvarnishing machinevarnishing machine /�vɑ�nʃŋ mə|

�ʃi�n/ noun a machine which appliesvarnish to book coversvatvat /v�t/ noun a large container for liquidVATVAT /�vi� e �ti�, v�t/ abbreviation valueadded tax

COMMENT: In the UK books andnewspapers are not exempt from VAT; VATis levied on them at 0%, that is, they are‘zero-rated’. This is important forpublishers, since it keeps the price to thecustomer low, and encourages the buyingof books. It has another advantage in that apublisher (like any other trader) can claimback from the Customs and ExciseDepartment any VAT which he has spentwhich is more than the VAT he has chargedon his sales. Since books have 0% VATcharged on them, a publisher can claim


279 vertically

back all VAT which he spends onpurchasing stationery, equipment,typesetting, etc. Finished books arecharged at 0% VAT by the printer; iftypesetting is done by the printer, it isincluded on the invoice at 0% VAT, since itis part of the finished book; if typesetting isdone separately, then VAT is charged on itby the typesetter at the normal rate (andcan eventually be claimed back by thepublisher).

VAT declarationVAT declaration /�v�t deklə|�reʃ(ə)n/noun a statement declaring VAT income tothe VAT officeVAT inspectorVAT inspector /�v�t n|�spektə/ noun agovernment official who examines VATreturns and checks that VAT is being paidVAT invoiceVAT invoice /�v�t �nvɔs/ noun aninvoice which shows VAT separatelyVAT invoicingVAT invoicing /�v�t �nvɔsŋ/ nounthe sending of invoices including VATvat machinevat machine /�v�t mə |�ʃi�n/ noun a typeof machine used in the paper industry formaking boardvatmanvatman /�v�tm�n/ noun an employeewho makes handmade paperVATmanVATman /�v�tm�n/ noun a VATinspectorVAT officeVAT office /�v�t �ɒfs/ noun a govern-ment office dealing with the collection ofVAT in an areavat papervat paper /�v�t �pepə/ noun papermade in a vat machineVCRVCR abbreviation video cassette recorderVDTVDT abbreviation video display terminalVDUVDU abbreviation visual display unitvectorvector /�vektə/ noun a coordinate thatconsists of a magnitude and directionvector fontvector font /�vektə fɒnt/ noun theshape of characters within a font that aredrawn using vector graphics, allowing thecharacters to be scaled to almost any sizewithout changing the quality. Comparebitmapped fontvector graphicsvector graphics /�vektə �"r�fks/,vector image /�vektə �md�/, vectorscan /�vektə sk�n/ noun a computerdrawing system that uses line length anddirection from an origin to plot lines and sobuild up an image rather than a descriptionof each pixel, as in a bit map � A vectorimage can be easily and accurately resizedwith no loss of detail.vehiclevehicle /�vi�k(ə)l/ noun the liquid part ofprinting ink, which carries the pigmentvellumvellum /�veləm/ noun smooth, fineparchment or paper made from polishedcalf, sheep or goat skin

ventureventure /�ventʃə/ noun a business orcommercial deal which involves a riskventure capitalventure capital /�ventʃə �k�pt(ə)l/noun capital for investment which mayeasily be lost in risky projects, but can alsoprovide high returns. Also called riskcapitalverbal permissionverbal permission /�v!�b(ə)l pə|

�mʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of telling somebodythat they are allowed to do somethingverificationverification /�verf |�keʃ(ə)n/ noun theact of checking that something is true andaccurateverifyverify /�verfa/ verb to check that some-thing is true and accurateversionversion /�v!�ʃ(ə)n/ noun a copy or formof something that is slightly different fromthe originalversoverso /�v!�səυ/ noun the left-hand pageof a book, usually given an even numberverticalvertical /�v!�tk(ə)l/ adjective upright,forming an angle of 90° to the groundvertical alignmentvertical alignment /�v!�tk(ə)l ə |

�lanmənt/ noun the spacing of matter sothat the items are correctly placed aboveeach other on the pagevertical axisvertical axis /�hɒrzɒnt(ə)l ��kss/noun reference lines used for vertical coor-dinates on a graphvertical communicationvertical communication /�v!�tk(ə)lkə|�mju�n|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun communica-tion between senior managers via themiddle management to the workersvertical dimensionvertical dimension /�v!�tk(ə)l da |

�menʃən/ noun the depth of a page fromhead to foot (NOTE: When giving dimen-sions of a book in Britain the verticaldimension is always given first: this book is198 x 129mm; if it were landscape format itwould be 129 x 198mm.)vertical integrationvertical integration /�v!�tk(ə)l �nt |

�"reʃ(ə)n/ noun the joining together oftwo businesses which deal with differentstages in the production or sale of aproduct, as when a publisher buys a book-seller, or a printer buys a typesettervertical jobbing pressvertical jobbing press /�v!�tk(ə)l�d�ɒbŋ �pres/ noun a small letterpressmachine printing flat formes which movevertically and not horizontallyvertical justificationvertical justification /�v!�tk(ə)l�d��stf|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun adjustment ofthe spacing between lines of text to fit asection of text or column into a pageverticallyvertically /�v!�tk(ə)li/ adverb from topto bottom or going up and down at right


vertical scrolling 280

angles to the horizontal � The page hasbeen justified vertically.vertical scrollingvertical scrolling /�v!�tk(ə)l�skrəυlŋ/ noun the act of moving text upor down a computer screen a line at a timevertical tabvertical tab /�v!�tk(ə)l �t�b/ noun thenumber of lines that should be skippedbefore printing starts againvidevide /�vdi/ verb used in cross-references(NOTE: From the Latin word meaning ‘see’.)vide infravide infra /�vadi �nfrə/ phrase a Latinphrase meaning ‘see below’, used in crossreferencesvideovideo /�vdiəυ/ noun a recording on videotapevideobookvideobook /�vdiəυbυk/ noun an educa-tional video that can be downloaded from awebsite as part of a training coursevideo cassettevideo cassette /�vdiəυ kə|�set/ noun acontainer for video recording tape whichenables it to be played back by a VCRvideo cassette recordervideo cassette recorder /�vdiəυ kə |

�set r|�kɔ�də/ noun a machine which willrecord and play back television pictures.Abbr VCRvideodiscvideodisc /�vdiəυdsk/ noun a read-only optical disk used to store largeamounts of data and picturesvideo displayvideo display /�vdiəυ d|�sple/ noun adevice that can display text or graphicalinformationvideo monitorvideo monitor /�vdiəυ �mɒntə/ nouna device able to display signals from a TVcamera, which are then recorded ontovideo tapevideo playervideo player /�vdiəυ �pleə/ noun adevice that can play back video recordingsbut cannot recordvideo recordervideo recorder /�vdiəυ r |�kɔ�də/ nouna device for recording TV images andsound onto video tapevideo tapevideo tape /�vdiəυ tep/ noun magnetictape which can be used to record picturesand play them back on a television setvideo terminalvideo terminal /�vdiəυ �t!�mn(ə)l/noun a keyboard with a monitorvideotextvideotext /�vdiəυtekst/ noun acommunications service linked to anadapted television receiver or videodisplay terminal by telephone or cable tele-vision lines to allow access to pages ofinformation. Systems can be one-way,allowing only for the display of selectedinformation, or online or interactive,allowing for two-way communication.

COMMENT: This covers informationtransmitted either by TV signals (teletext) orby signals sent down telephone lines(Viewdata).

vide supravide supra /�vadi �su�prə/ phrase aLatin phrase meaning ‘see above’, used incross referencesviewview /vju�/ noun an opinion about some-thing � I hold the view that every schoolshould have a library. � to print 8 pages toview to print 8 pages at a time on each sideof the sheet of paperViewdataViewdata /�vju�detə/ a trade name for avideotext system

COMMENT: The user calls up the page ofinformation required, using the telephoneand a modem, as opposed to teletext,where the pages of information arerepeated one after the other automatically.

viewerviewer /�vju�ə/ noun 1. a person wholooks at something 2. an apparatus with alight box for looking at photographic slidesvignettevignette /vn|�jet/ noun 1. a very smallillustration, used e.g. to decorate a titlepage, a bibliographical page or the lastpage of a book 2. a halftone illustrationwhich fades into the background at theedges (NOTE: Another US term is fade-outhalftone.)vinyl foilsvinyl foils /�van(ə)l fɔlz/ plural nounfoils for blocking plastic coversviral designviral design /�varəl d|�zan/ noun thedesign of a message that encourages recip-ients to forward the message on to othersviral marketingviral marketing /�varəl �mɑ�ktŋ/noun marketing by word of mouth or byspreading advertising messages on theInternetvirgin papervirgin paper /�v!�d�n �pepə/ nounpaper which has been made from freshwood or cotton pulp and not from oldpaper. Compare recycled papervirgulevirgule /�v!�"ju�l/ noun an obliquestroke or solidus (the printing sign: /)virtual learning environmentvirtual learning environment/�v!�tʃuəl �l!�nŋ n |�varənmənt/ noun awebsite which helps students to learn, e.g.by hosting course materials, quizzes,discussion pages etc. Abbr VLEvirusvirus /�varəs/ noun an infection in acomputer system which can damage thesoftware systems and the dataviscosityviscosity /v |�skɒsti/ noun the degree offluidity of ink, glue or varnishviscousviscous /�vskəs/ adjective liquid, butwhich does not run freelyvisible importsvisible imports /�vzb(ə)l �mpɔ�ts/plural noun real goods which are imported


281 voucher proofvisualvisual /�v�υəl/ adjective to do with beingseen, or possible to see � noun 1. a roughsketch � The designer has sent in somevisuals for the covers. 2. finished artwork,graphics, photographs or illustrations, usedas part of a printed output (NOTE: The USterm is comprehensive layout.)visual display unitvisual display unit /�v�υəl d |�sple�ju�nt/, visual display terminal noun adevice used with a computer and akeyboard to display words and graphics ona screen. Abbr VDU, VDTvisual spacevisual space /�v�υəl spes/ nounleading between lines of textvizviz /vz/ abbreviation an abbreviation ofthe Latin word ‘videlicet’ meaning‘namely’, used to give an exampleVLEVLE abbreviation virtual learning environ-mentvocabularyvocabulary /vəυ|�k�bjυləri/ noun thenumber of words in a particular languageor related to a specific subject � The vocab-ulary of information handling is veryspecialised.vocational qualificationvocational qualification /vəυ|

�keʃ(ə)nəl �kwɒlf|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun acertificate which states that somebody hasthe training or skills needed to do a partic-ular jobvocational trainingvocational training /vəυ |�keʃ(ə)nəl�trenŋ/ noun courses which teach peoplethe skills for specific jobs or professionsvoidvoid /vɔd/ adjective not legally valid �null and void � verb � to void a contractto make a contract invalid

void hickeyvoid hickey /�vɔd �hki/ noun a hickeyin the form of a white spot on printvolumevolume /�vɒlju�m/ noun 1. a book, espe-cially a large one 2. one of a series in a setof books or journals 3. the loudness of thenoise produced by somethingvolume discountvolume discount /�vɒlju�m�dskaυnt/ noun a discount given to acustomer who buys a large quantity ofgoodsvolume factorvolume factor /�vɒlju�m �f�ktə/,volume number noun the thickness ofpaper shown as the millimetre thickness of100 sheets of 100gsm papervolume of outputvolume of output /�vɒlju�m əv�aυtpυt/ noun the number of itemsproducedvolume of salesvolume of sales /�vɒlju�m əv �selz/noun the number of items sold. Also calledsales volumevolume rightsvolume rights /�vɒlju�m rats/ pluralnoun the right to publish a text as a bookduring its term of copyright, either in theoriginal edition or in cheap paperbackversions, or by licensing the right topublish it to another publisherVORTALVORTAL /�vɔ�təl/ noun a portal websitethat contains information for just oneparticular industry or interest groupvoucher copyvoucher copy /�vaυtʃə �kɒpi/ noun afree copy of a periodical given to an adver-tiser, or of a book given to a person whohas worked on itvoucher proofvoucher proof /�vaυtʃə pru�f/ noun aproof sent by the printer for informationonly, not for correction


WW3C

W3C /�d�b(ə)l ju� θri� �si�/ noun aconsortium of organisations, program-mers, developers, industry executives andusers which seeks to guide the futuredevelopment of the World Wide Web andensure that all web technologies arecompatible with one another. Full formWorld Wide Web Consortiumwaivewaive /wev/ verb to decide not toenforce a regulationwaiverwaiver /�wevə/ noun permission to dosomething although it is not in accordancewith the regulationswaiver clausewaiver clause /�wevə klɔ�z/ noun aclause in a contract giving the conditionsunder which the rights in the contract canbe given upwall chartwall chart /�wɔ�l tʃɑ�t/, wall map nouna chart or map which is made to hang up orto be pinned up on a wallWANWAN /w�n/ abbreviation Wide AreaNetworkwant adswant ads /�wɒnt �dz/ plural nounadvertisements listed in a newspaper underspecial headings, such as ‘Property forsale’ or ‘Jobs wanted’WAPWAP /w�p/ abbreviation a standardprotocol for the transmission of electronicdata between hand-held narrowbanddevices such as mobile phones and pagersand other sources of digital informationsuch as the Internet. Full form wirelessapplication protocolwarehousewarehouse /�weəhaυs/ noun a largebuilding where goods are stored � verb tostore goods in a warehousewarehouse capacitywarehouse capacity /�weəhaυs kə |

�p�sti/ noun space available in a ware-housewarehousemanwarehouseman /�weəhaυsmən/ nouna person who works in a warehouse

warehousingwarehousing /�weəhaυzŋ/ noun theact of storing goods in a warehouse �Warehousing costs are rising rapidly.warpwarp /wɔ�p/ verb to bend or curvebecause of damp conditionswarpagewarpage, warping noun the process ofbecoming bent or curvedwarrantywarranty /�wɒrənti/ noun a written guar-antee given by a company against faultygoods or workmanshipwash-upwash-up /�wɒʃ �p/ noun the cleaning ofa printing press after usewastagewastage /�westd�/ noun the amountlost by being wasted � Allow 10% extramaterial for wastage.wastewaste /west/ noun rubbish or things thatare not used � adjective not usedwaste paperwaste paper /�west �pepə/ noun paperwhich is not used, and which can becollected for recyclingwaste sheetwaste sheet /�west ʃi�t/ noun a sheetof paper in the endpapers, which is kept toprotect the other sheets during binding andis then cut outwater-immersion testwater-immersion test /�wɔ�tə |

�m!�ʃ(ə)n �test/ noun a test to show howeffective size is on paperwaterleafwaterleaf /�wɔ�təli�f/ noun freshly-made paper which has not been sizedwatermarkwatermark /�wɔ�təmɑ�k/ noun adistinctive mark impressed into the fabricof paper when it is made, which can beseen by holding the paper to the light �verb to put a watermark in paper

COMMENT: Watermarks are most oftenused in banknote paper, but they alsoappear in handmade paper and other finepapers. They are a useful way of dating olddocuments or antiquarian books.

waterproofwaterproof /�wɔ�təpru�f/ adjective notallowing water to pass through � Plasticbook jackets are waterproof.


283 web paperwater-soluble inkwater-soluble ink /�wɔ�tə �sɒljυb(ə)l�ŋk/ noun ink that can dissolve in water.wav.wav suffix a file extension for a soundfile. Full form waveformwavy linewavy line /�wevi lan/ noun a linewhich goes up and down regularly � toinstruct bold face, underline the word orwords with a wavy linewavy paperwavy paper /�wevi �pepə/ noun paperwhich crinkles at the edges, because ofirregular dampingwax engravingwax engraving /�w�ks n|�"revŋ/noun a method of electrotyping for mapsand charts, using engraved wax as a mouldwax paperwax paper /�w�ks �pepə/, waxedpaper noun paper made from chemicalpulp, coated with a layer of wax to make itmore or less waterproof and used as wrap-ping paperWCTWCT abbreviation WIPO CopyrightTreatywearwear /weə/ noun � fair wear and tearacceptable damage caused by normal use �The insurance policy covers most damagebut not fair wear and tear to the machine.webweb /web/ noun � World Wide Webweb breakweb break /�web brek/ noun a split ortear in the paper as it is running through aweb-fed pressweb break detectorweb break detector /�web brek d|

�tektə/ noun a device which senses if theweb of paper breaks and stops the machinerunningweb browserweb browser /�web �braυzə/ noun asingle file stored on a web server whichcontains formatted text, graphics andhypertext links to other pages on theInternet. A webpage is created usingHTML codes and is viewed with a browser.webcastingwebcasting /�webkɑ�stŋ/ noun the useof the World Wide Web as a medium forbroadcasting informationweb content managementweb content management /�web�kɒntent �m�nd�mənt/ noun formalorganisation of the content on a company’swebsite, including updating, branding,editorial access, formatting and supportingsoftware considerationsweb crawlerweb crawler /�web �krɔ�lə/ noun aprogram used to search through pages onthe World Wide Web for documentscontaining a specific word, phrase or topicweb-enableweb-enable /�web |�neb(ə)l/ verb tomake an electronic device or a softwareapplication capable of accessing theInternet

‘The Sharing Wycombe’s OldPhotographs scheme or SWOP has beenawarded a heritage Lottery Grant of £50000 to digitise and web-enable theprints.’ [UK NewsQuest]

web-fedweb-fed /�web fed/ adjective takingpaper from rollsweb-fed pressweb-fed press /�web fed �pres/ noun apress which prints on paper from a reel.Compare sheet-fed pressweb folioweb folio /�web �fəυliəυ/ noun a collec-tion of webpages with an underlyingdefining theme, e.g. the pages of an elec-tronic book or the electronic images of anartist’s portfolioweb formweb form /�web fɔ�m/ noun an elec-tronic document similar to a printed form,which can be used to collect informationfrom a visitor to a website. When the formhas been filled in the form, it is usuallyreturned to the owner of the website by e-mail.web gainweb gain /�web "en/ noun stretching ofthe paper as it is running through a web-fedpresswebliographywebliography /�webli |�ɒ"rəfi/ noun 1. alist of documents available on the WorldWide Web 2. a list or catalogue of all theweb-based material relating to a specificsubjectweblishweblish /�weblʃ/ noun the form ofEnglish used globally online, with charac-teristic features such as the omission ofapostrophes and capital letters, the use ofabbreviations and the rapid absorption ofnew wordsweblogweblog /�weblɒ"/ noun a frequentlyupdated personal journal chronicling linksat a website, intended for public viewingweb marketingweb marketing /�web �mɑ�ktŋ/ nounmarketing that uses websites to advertiseproducts and services and to reach poten-tial customerswebmasterwebmaster /�webmɑ�stə/ noun some-body who creates, organises or updatesinformation on a websiteweb offset printingweb offset printing /�web �ɒfset�prntŋ/ noun offset printing using paperfrom a large rollwebpagewebpage /�webped�/ noun a computerfile, encoded in HTML and containingtext, graphics files and sound files, that isaccessible through the World Wide Webweb paperweb paper /�web �pepə/ noun papersupplied in large rolls


web perfector 284web perfectorweb perfector /�web pə |�fektə/ noun aweb machine which prints both sides of theweb at the same timeweb pressweb press /�web pres/, web machinenoun a printing machine which uses rollsof paperweb serverweb server /�web �s!�və/ noun aprogram that serves up webpages whenrequested by a client, e.g. a web browserwebsitewebsite /�websat/ noun a computerprogram that runs a web server providingaccess to a group of related webpageswedge serifwedge serif /�wed� �serf/ noun a serifwith a straight slopeweeklyweekly /�wi�kli/ noun a publication that isproduced every week � adjectivehappening regularly once a weekweighweigh /we/ verb 1. to measure howheavy something is � He weighed thepacket at the post office. 2. to have a partic-ular weight � The paper weighs 70gsm.weightweight /wet/ noun 1. a measurement ofhow heavy something is 2. a heavy object,often decorative, used to stop papers fromfalling or being blown away

COMMENT: Paper weight is usuallycalculated in gsm, and varies from about30gsm (Bible paper) to about 150gsm(heavy cartridge). Board for paper covers isalso calculated in gsm: a common coverweight is 240gsm. In the USA, paper weightis calculated in pounds per 500 sheets.Note that a heavy paper is not necessarilybulkier (thicker) than a lightweight paper.

weight limitweight limit /�wet �lmt/ noun themaximum weight of somethingwet beaten stuffwet beaten stuff /�wet �bi�t(ə)n �st�f/noun a beaten pulp at the wet end of apapermaking machinewet carbon processwet carbon process /�wet �kɑ�bən�prəυses/ noun the colour correctionprocess used in gravure, involving three-colour carbon tissueswet endwet end /�wet end/ noun the part of apapermaking machine where the wet pulppasses onto the wire meshwet expansionwet expansion /�wet k|�sp�nʃən/noun a measurement of the increase inlength of a piece of paper when it is put inwaterwet feltwet felt /�wet felt/ noun felt that hasabsorbed water, used as the base on whichthe paper moves through a papermakingmachinewet flongwet flong /�wet flɒŋ/ noun a flong madeof alternate layers of tissue paper and blot-ting paper pasted together and used wet

wet-on-wet printingwet-on-wet printing /�wet ɒn �wet�prntŋ/ noun a method of printing whereone colour is printed on top of anotherbefore the first colour is drywet platewet plate /�wet plet/ noun a photo-graphic negative or positive made by acollodion methodwet proofingwet proofing /�wet �pru�fŋ/ noun theact of taking proofs off plates, as opposedto plastic or dry proofs such as Cromalinwet stockwet stock /�wet stɒk/ noun paper pulpbefore it is processed to make paperwet strengthwet strength /�wet streŋθ/ noun thestrength of paper when wetwet strength paperwet strength paper /�wet streŋθ�pepə/ noun paper which remains strongeven when wet, because of the addition ofresin to the pulpwfwf abbreviation wrong font

COMMENT: Marked by the reader in themargin, while the incorrect character iscircled (now it is more usual to put a crossin a circle in the margin).

what you see is what you getwhat you see is what you get nounfull form of WYSIWYGwhipstitchingwhipstitching /�wpsttʃŋ/ noun sameas overcastingwhirlerwhirler /�w!�lə/ noun a machine forevenly sensitising printing plateswhite linewhite line /�wat �lan/ noun a line spacebetween two lines of printed textwhite outwhite out /�wat �aυt/ verb 1. to print atext as white lettering out of a black orcoloured background � The cover will usewhite-out lettering on a dark blue back-ground. 2. to space out type matter 3. topaint out part of the copy on artwork so thatit does not reproducewhite salewhite sale /�wat �sel/ noun US a saleof selected academic and very specialisedbookswhite spacewhite space /�wat spes/ noun the partof a printed page with no printing on itwhite waterwhite water /�wat �wɔ�tə/ noun waterwhich has drained out the paper pulp andwhich is strained to retrieve fibrous matterwhole bindingwhole binding /�həυl �bandŋ/ nounsame as full bindingwhole bound bookwhole bound book /�həυl baυnd�bυk/ noun a book that has beencompletely covered in a binding materialsuch as leatherwholesalewholesale /�həυlsel/ adjective buyingand selling goods in bulk to people whothen sell them on in smaller quantities asretail goods � the wholesale trade the


285 wireless markup language

business of buying large quantities ofmerchandise from a manufacturer andselling it on to retail dealerswholesale booksellerwholesale bookseller /�həυlsel�bυkselə/, wholesaler /�həυlselə/ noun abookseller who buys books frompublishers in large quantities and sellsthem on to institutions, governmentpurchasing organisations or retail book-shops, and does not sell to the public(NOTE: US English is book jobber.)wholesale dealerwholesale dealer /�həυlsel �di�lə/noun a person who sells in bulk to retailerswholesale termswholesale terms /�həυlsel t!�mz/plural noun special terms offered by apublisher to a wholesaler, usually at least50% discountWickersham quoinWickersham quoin /�wkəʃəm kɔn/noun a steel quoin which can be extendedwith a keyWide Area NetworkWide Area Network /�wad �eəriə�netw!�k/ noun a network of terminalswith links outside the local area by radio,satellite and cable. Abbr WAN

COMMENT: WANs use modems, radio andother long distance transmission methods;LANs use cables or optical fibre links

widebandwideband /�wadb�nd/ noun a trans-mission with a bandwidth greater than thatof a voice channelwidowwidow /�wdəυ/ noun the last line of aparagraph printed by itself at the top of apage or columnwidthwidth /wdθ/ noun � width of a char-acter the distance across a printed char-acter which is not related to its weight, orthe thickness of the strokesWi-FiWi-Fi /�wa fa/ a certification trademarkwhich assures that wireless Local AreaNetwork products are compatible and canoperate without interfering with each otherwikiwiki /�wki/ noun a type of website whichis designed to be edited or added to by itsusersWIMPWIMP /wmp/ noun a description of anintegrated software system that is entirelyoperated using windows, icons and amouse-controlled pointer. Full formwindows, icons, mouse, pointerwindowwindow /�wndəυ/ noun 1. a reservedsection of a computer screen, with specificinformation, which can overwrite othersections on screen and can be selected atany time for editing or reference 2. anopening in an envelope to show the addressprinted on the enclosed document

window displaywindow display /�wndəυ d|�sple/noun a display of goods in a shop windowwindow dresserwindow dresser /�wndəυ �dresə/noun a person who arranges a windowdisplaywindowingwindowing /�wndəυŋ/ noun 1. theaction of setting up a window to showinformation on the screen 2. the act ofdisplaying or accessing information via awindowWIPWIP abbreviation the value of goods beingmanufactured which are not complete atthe end of an accounting period. Full formwork in progresswipewipe /wap/ noun a printing defect wherethe ink blurs and forms lines at the edge ofthe type areawipe-on platewipe-on plate /�wap ɒn plet/ noun aprinting plate which is not presensitisedbut needs to have a light-sensitive coatingwiped on by handWIPOWIPO /�wapəυ/ abbreviation WorldIntellectual Property OrganizationWIPO Copyright TreatyWIPO Copyright Treaty /�wapəυ�kɒpirat �tri�ti/ noun a set of guidelinesregarding copyright protection on softwareand databases, as well as technologyrelating to copyright such as anti-copyingmeasures on CDs. It was ratified in the EUand came into force in 2002. Abbr WCTWIPO Performances and Phonograms TreatyWIPO Performances and Phono-grams Treaty noun a set of guidelinesregarding copyright of intellectual prop-erty in relation to advances in technologyin recent years. It was ratified in the EUand came into force in 2002. Abbr WPPTwirewire /�waə/ noun 1. a thin thread of metal2. a small metal staple, used for bindingwire bindingwire binding /�waə �bandŋ/ noun amethod of binding the pages of a book witha wire which runs through holes in themargins of the pageswire-boundwire-bound /�waə baυnd/, wire-stitched adjective relating to a book wherethe pages are attached with wire, asopposed to sewn binding using threadwireless application protocolwireless application protocol/�waələs ��pl|�keʃ(ə)n �prəυtəkɒl/noun full form of WAPwireless local area networkwireless local area network/�waələs �ləυk(ə)l �eəriə �netw!�k/ nounfull form of WLANwireless markup languagewireless markup language/�waələs �mɑ�k�p �l�ŋ"wd�/ noun astandardised system for tagging text files,based on XML, which specifies the inter-


Wire-O Binding 286

faces of narrowband wireless devices.Abbr WMLWire-O BindingWire-O Binding /�waər əυ �bandŋ/ atrade name for a method of binding using aspiral wire running through holes in themargin of the pages of a loose-leaf bookwire-sewnwire-sewn /�waə səυn/ adjectiverelating to a method of binding where thesignatures are attached with wire stapleswire sidewire side /�waə sad/ noun the side of apiece of paper which lies on the wire meshwhen it is being made, and sometimes hasthe marks of the mesh on itwire stabbingwire stabbing /�waə �st�bŋ/ noun amethod of binding very thick books, wheremetal staples are passed through the edgeof folded sheets from front to backwire stitchingwire stitching /�waə �sttʃŋ/ noun amethod of attaching the sections of a bookby metal stapleswithdrawwithdraw /wð |�drɔ�/ verb to removesomething � They were told to withdrawsome of the old books from the library.without prejudicewithout prejudice /wð|�aυt�pred�υds/ adjective words written on aletter to indicate that the writer is notlegally bound to do what he or she offers todo in the letterWLANWLAN abbreviation a local area networkthat uses high-frequency radio signals toconnect with computers within its rangewithout the need for cables. Full formwireless local area networkWMLWML /�d�b(ə)l ju� em �el/ abbreviationCOMPUT wireless markup languagewomen’s magazinewomen’s magazine /�wmnz m�"ə|

�zi�n/ noun a magazine aimed at thewomen’s marketwood blockwood block /�wυd blɒk/ noun a block ofhard wood, cut to make an illustrationwoodcutwoodcut /�wυdk�t/ noun an illustrationmade by printing from a block of hardwood, where the design is cut into thewood along the grain, making a less deli-cate design than a wood engravingwood engravingwood engraving /�wυd n|�"revŋ/noun an illustration made by printing froma block of wood, where the design is cutinto the end grain of the wood, against thegrain, making the design sharper and moredurable than a woodcutwoodfree paperwoodfree paper /�wυdfri� �pepə/noun paper which is made from chemicalpulp, and not from mechanical woodpulp(NOTE: In spite of its name, it is still madefrom wood.)

wood furniturewood furniture /�wυd �f!�ntʃə/ nounpieces of wood used to fill spaces in aformewood letterswood letters /�wυd �letəz/, wood typenoun very large letters cut in hard wood,used for posterswoodpulpwoodpulp /�wυdp�lp/ noun materialmade from crushed wood mixed withwater, used to make paper

COMMENT: Woodpulp is either crushed fromsmall pieces of wood by machine(mechanical pulp) or dissolved usingchemicals (chemical pulp).

wordword /w!�d/ noun a separate item oflanguage, which is used with others toform speech or writing that can be under-stoodwordagewordage /�w!�dd�/ noun the number ofwords in a text, used often as a method ofpayment for work such as keyboarding ortranslationword breakword break /�w!�d brek/ noun thepoint where a long word can be divided bya hyphen at the end of a lineword countword count /�w!�d kaυnt/ noun theprocess of counting the number of words ina text � The word-processing program hasa word count facility.word divisionword division /�w!�d d |�v�(ə)n/ nouna way of splitting words at the ends oflines, by inserting a hyphenwordingwording /�w!�dŋ/ noun a series ofwords � Did you read the wording on thecontract?word-processword-process /�w!�d �prəυses/ verb toedit, store and manipulate text using acomputerword processingword processing /�w!�d �prəυsesŋ/noun the creation, retrieval, modification,storage and printing of text using acomputer or other electronic equipment.Also called text processingword-processing packageword-processing package /�w!�d�prəυsesŋ �p�kd�/ noun software on aprogram disk with an instruction manual,which enables word processing to becarried outword processorword processor /�w!�d �prəυsesə/noun a computer that will run a word-processing program, usually used to createtextword spaceword space /�w!�d spes/ noun a whitespace left between two words in contin-uous textword spacingword spacing /�w!�d �spesŋ/ nounspaces between words which are made


287 wrap

wider or narrower to fit the characters intoa fully justified linewords per minutewords per minute /�w!�dz p!� �mnt/noun a method of measuring the speed of aprinter or a keyboarder. Abbr WPMword wrapword wrap /�w!�d r�p/ noun a system inword processing where the operator doesnot have to indicate the line endings, butcan keyboard continuously, leaving theprogram to continue the text on the nextlineworkwork /w!�k/ noun 1. a published docu-ment 2. the tasks involved in a job � verb todo things with the hands or brain, formoney � The factory is working hard tocomplete the order. � She works better nowthat she has been promoted.work and tumblework and tumble /�w!�k ən �t�mb(ə)l/adverb referring to a printing impositionwhere one side of the sheet of paper isprinted, then the paper is turned upsidedown to print the other side from the sameforme, changing the edge which is fed tothe gripperswork and turnwork and turn /�w!�k ən �t!�n/ adverbreferring to a printing imposition whereone side of the sheet of paper is printed,then the paper is turned over to print theother sidework and twistwork and twist /�w!�k ən �twst/adverb referring to a printing impositionwhere one side of the sheet of paper isprinted, then the paper is turned over,twisted through 90° and printed on theother side, changing the edge which is fedto the grippersworkbookworkbook /�w!�kbυk/ noun a textbookwith exercises and spaces for the answersto be written inworkingworking /�w!�kŋ/ noun a single passthrough a printing machine which willcomplete the printing of a sheetworking capitalworking capital /�w!�kŋ �k�pt(ə)l/noun money that is available immediatelyand not tied up in investments, property orequipmentwork in handwork in hand /�w!�k n �h�nd/ nounwork which is in progress but not finishedwork in progresswork in progress /�w!�k n �prəυ"res/noun 1. the value of goods being manufac-tured which are not complete at the end ofan accounting period 2. full form of WIPworkloadworkload /�w!�kləυd/ noun the amountof work to be done in a stated time by aperson or group � He has difficulty incoping with his heavy workload. � My

workload has doubled since the senioreditor left.work of referencework of reference /�w!�k əv�ref(ə)rəns/ noun an important and well-known reference book � It is the standardwork of reference on tropical diseases.work permitwork permit /�w!�k �p!�mt/ noun anofficial document which allows somebodywho is not a citizen to work in a countryworkspaceworkspace /�w!�kspes/ noun memoryspace available on a computer for tempo-rary workwork stationwork station /�w!�k �steʃ(ə)n/ noun adesk with a computer, keyboard and some-times a printerworkupworkup /�w!�k�p/ noun a black mark ona printed sheet caused by a piece of leadwhich has moved and caught the inkworld rightsworld rights /�w!�ld �rats/ plural nounthe right to sell copies of a book anywherein the worldWorld Wide WebWorld Wide Web /�w!�ld �wad �web/noun a hypertext representation of theInternet, a collection of the millions ofwebsites and webpages which togetherform the part of the Internet that is mostoften seen by users. Abbr www

COMMENT: Each website on the World WideWeb is a collection of webpages, and eachwebpage contains text, graphics and linksto other websites. Each page is createdusing the HTML language and is viewed bya user with a web browser. To navigatebetween webpages and websites is calledsurfing, which requires a computer with alink to the Internet and a web browser toview the webpages stored on the remoteweb servers.

WORMWORM /w!�m/ noun an optical diskstorage system that allows the user to writedata to the disk once, but the user can thenread the data from the disk many times.Full form write once read many timesmemorywovewove /wəυv/ noun paper with an antiquefinish, which does not show laid lines butshows the marks of the mesh on the dandyroll. Compare laid paperWPMWPM abbreviation words per minuteWPPTWPPT abbreviation WIPO Performancesand Phonograms Treatywrapwrap /r�p/ noun a four-page sectionwrapped round a signature before bindingand bound up with it � verb � to wrapround to put a four page section round asignature before the book is bound � Thereare sixteen pages of plates wrapped roundsigs 2, 4, 5 and 6.


wraparound 288wraparoundwraparound /�r�pə |�raυnd/ noun asystem in word processing where thewriter does not have to put in line endings,because the end of each line is automati-cally marked by the programwraparound plateswraparound plates /�r�pə|�raυndplets/ plural noun flexible plates wrappedround the steel cylinders on a rotary letter-press or in flexographywrapperwrapper /�r�pə/ noun PUBL same as dustjacketwrapperingwrappering /�r�pərŋ/ noun the processof putting paper covers on paperbackswrappingwrapping /�r�pŋ/ noun the process ofputting periodicals into plastic or paperenvelopes for mailingwrapping paperwrapping paper /�r�pŋ �pepə/ nounspecial coloured paper for wrappingpresentswrappingswrappings /�r�pŋz/ plural noun papersused for wrappingwraproundwrapround /�r�praυnd/ noun 1. a four-page section of printed pages such as a setof plates, which is wrapped round a signa-ture 2. a cover which is wrapped round abookwrinklewrinkle /�rŋkəl/ noun a small crease inpaper caused by damp conditions whichmake the paper stretchwritewrite /rat/ verb to use a pen, pencil orcomputer to produce letters, numbers andsymbols on paper so that other people canread themwrite inwrite in /�rat �n/ verb to add matter to atext

write out

write out /�rat �aυt/ verb to write some-thing in full � She wrote out the minutes ofthe meeting from her notes.writer

writer /�ratə/ noun a person whose job isto write books or articles for moneywriting

writing /�ratŋ/ noun something that hasbeen written � to put the agreement inwriting � He has difficulty in reading mywriting.writing paper

writing paper /�ratŋ �pepə/ noungood-quality paper used for writing letterswritten permission

written permission /�rt(ə)n pə |

�mʃ(ə)n/ noun a document which allowssomebody to do somethingwrong font

wrong font /�rɒŋ �fɒnt/ noun a correc-tion mark to a printer to show that a char-acter is in the wrong font. Abbr wfwrong-reading

wrong-reading /�rɒŋ �ri�dŋ/ adjectiverelating to film or text which reads fromright to left when viewed from the emul-sion side, so that when printed it will be theright way round. Also called flopped,reverse-readingwrong-reading film

wrong-reading film /�rɒŋ �ri�dŋ/noun film which reads in the wrong way,from right to left, when viewed from theemulsion sidewww

www abbreviation World Wide WebWYSIWYG

WYSIWYG /�wzi�w"/ noun a system inwhich the text and graphics on a computerscreen are exactly the same as what will beprinted out. Full form what you see iswhat you get


XYZxerographicxerographic /�zərəυ |�"r�fk/ adjectiverelating to xerographyxerographic copierxerographic copier /�zərəυ"r�fl�kɒpiə/ noun a plain paper copier, wherethe image of the original is transferred tothe copy paper by electrostatic meansxerographic printerxerographic printer /�zərə"r�fk�prntə/ noun a printer such as a photo-copier where copies are made by electro-static means, i.e. ink is attracted to chargedareas of a picturexerographyxerography /zə|�rɒ"rəfi/ noun acopying method that relies on powderedink being attracted to charged areas of animageXeroxXerox /�zi�rɒks/ a trade name for a type ofphotocopier � verb to photocopy a paper ordocument � noun a photocopy made with aXerox machine � to send the other party axerox of the contract � We have sentxeroxes to each of the agents.XGAXGA /�eks d�i� �e/ noun a standard for aPC colour video graphics adapter, devel-oped by IBM, which has a resolution of1,024 x 768 pixels with 256 colours on aninterlaced display. Full form extendedgraphics arrayXGA-2XGA-2 /�eks d�i� e �tu�/ noun a form ofXGA which provides a resolution of 1,024x 768 pixels with 64,000 coloursx heightx height /�eks hat/ noun the height ofthe main central part of a printed charactersuch as the letter x, which does not have anascender or descenderx linex line /�eks lan/ noun a line marking thetop of the main part of a printed charactersuch as the letter xXMLXML /�eks em �el/ noun a programminglanguage designed for web documentswhich allows for the creation of custom-ised tags for individual information fields.Full form Extensible Markup Language

X-YX-Y /�eks �wa/ noun coordinates fordrawing a graph, where X is the verticaland Y the horizontal valueX-Y plotterX-Y plotter /�eks �wa �plɒtə/ noun aplotter which plots to supplied coordinates,by moving the pen in two planes while thepaper remains stationaryyankee machineyankee machine /�j�ŋki mə|�ʃi�n/noun a papermaking machine which has amachine glazing cylinderyapp bindingyapp binding /�j�p �bandŋ/ nounbinding with a material whose edgesproject over the trimmed pages, used oftenfor Biblesyearyear /jə/ noun a period of twelve monthsyearbookyearbook /�jəbυk/ noun a bookpublished once a year with details andinformation about a particular organisationor profession � the education yearbookyear endyear end /�jə �end/ noun the end of thefinancial year, when a company’s accountsare preparedyellowyellow /�jeləυ/ noun one of the threeprocess colours (the others are cyan andmagenta) � verb (of paper) to turn yellowwhen exposed to the light

‘Only as I flicked through a childhoodcopy of The Wind in the Willows didhorror strike. The book wasdisintegrating before my eyes. The oncevivid, stiff cover was curling andfading… pages were yellowing and thepaper so fragile you fear it would tear ifyou cast it a cross look. What on earth arethese books made of? Are they theliterary equivalent of the biodegradablecoffin?’ [The Herald]

yellowingyellowing /�jeləυŋ/ noun the tendencyof some paper to turn yellow when exposedto the lightYellow PagesYellow Pages /�jeləυ �ped�z/ noun atelephone directory printed on yellowpaper, which is organised alphabetically


yellow press 290

according to the trade or business of thesubscribersyellow pressyellow press /�jeləυ pres/ noun apopular name for tabloid sensational news-papersYMCKYMCK /�wa em si� �ke/ adjective fullform yellow-magenta-cyan-black (NOTE:Normally written as CMYK.)young adult bookyoung adult book /�j�ŋ ��d�lt �bυk/noun a book written for adults but consid-ered suitable for adolescentszero-ratedzero-rated /�zərəυ �retd/ adjectivehaving a VAT rate of 0%zero-ratingzero-rating /�zərəυ �retŋ/ noun therating of an item at 0% VATzinc etchingzinc etching /�zŋk �etʃŋ/ noun a blockused to print illustrations with no tonessuch as line drawingszincozinco, zincograph noun a letterpress lineblock made of zinc

zine

zine /zi�n/ noun a self-published paper,Internet magazine or other periodicalwhich is issued at irregular intervals andusually appeals to a specialist readership.zip

.zip /zp/ suffix a file extension for a zipfilezip-a-tone

zip-a-tone /�zp ə �təυn/ noun a mechan-ical tint on self-adhesive film, used whenpreparing artworkzip file

zip file /�zp fal/ noun a computer filewith the extension ‘.zip’ containing datathat has been compressed for storage ortransmission.zone

zone /zəυn/ noun a region or part of ascreen defined for specialised printingzoom

zoom /zu�m/ verb to enlarge an area oftext on a computer screen so that it is easierto work on


SUPPLEMENTS

Proofreading MarksCopyright Law in the UK

Copyright Resources on the WebUK Publishers

Book Prizes and AwardsInternational Book Fairs

Greek AlphabetCommon Diacritics

Examples of Different FontsResources on the Web

Proofreading Marks

Proofreading Marks continued

Copyright Law in the UK

Copyright Act 1956set up copyright protection for all original literary, dramatic, musicalor artistic works made in the UK under the control of the Government

Copyright, Designs And Patents Act 1988introduced the rights for the author of a work to be identified as such,and to not suffer harm to their reputation through mistreatment oftheir works

EU Directive 92/100 1992clarified intellectual property rights in relation to copying ordistribution of a person’s work

EU Directive 93/98 1993made copyright periods uniform throughout the EU, extendingpost-mortem copyright protection of a work from 50 to 70 years inthe UK

Trademarks Act 1994made provision for registration of trademarks and sets out guidelinesfor what constitutes infringement

Copyright Resources on the Web

UK Patent OfficeInformation on copyrights, trademarks, patents and intellectual property.www.patent.gov.uk

European Patent OfficeInformation on copyright, trademarks, patents and intellectual property.www.european-patent-office.org

Intellectual Property UKThe Government site for the UK giving information on the law regarding IP.www.intellectual-property.gov.uk

World Intellectual Property OrganisationAn international organisation dedicated to promoting the use and protection ofintellectual property.www.wipo.int

http://www.patent.gov.uk

http://www.european-patent-office.org

http://www.intellectual-property.gov.uk

http://www.wipo.int

UK Publishers

AA Publishingwww.theaa.com/bookshop/

ABC-Cliowww.abc-clio.com

Absolute Presswww.absolutepress.co.uk

Ian Allan Publishing Ltdwww.ianallanpublishing.com

J. A. Allenwww.halebooks.com

Allison & Busby Ltdwww.allisonandbusby.com

Andersen Press Ltdwww.andersenpress.co.uk

Anness Publishingwww.annesspublishing.com

Anova Bookswww.chrysalisbooks.co.uk

Anvil Press Poetrywww.anvilpresspoetry.com

Appletree Press Ltdwww.appletree.ie

Arcadia Books Ltdwww.arcadiabooks.co.uk

Ashgate Publishing Ltdwww.ashgate.com

Aureus Publishing Ltdwww.aureus.co.uk

Aurum Press Ltdwww.aurumpress.co.uk

Duncan Baird Publisherswww.dbponline.co.uk

Barefoot Books Ltdwww.barefootbooks.co.uk

BBC Audiobooks Ltdwww.bbcaudiobooks.com

BFI Publishingwww.bfi.org.uk

Black & White Publishing Ltdwww.blackandwhitepublishing.com

A & C Black Publishers Ltdwww.acblack.com

Black Ace Bookswww.blackacebooks.com

BlackAmber Books Ltdwww.blackamber.com

Blackstaff Press Ltdwww.blackstaffpress.com

Blackwell Publishing Ltdwww.blackwellpublishing.com

Bloomsbury Publishing plcwww.bloomsbury.com

Marion Boyars Publishers Ltdwww.marionboyars.co.uk

Breedon Books Publishing Co. Ltdwww.breedonbooks.co.uk

British Library Publicationswww.bl.uk

Cadogan Guideswww.cadoganguides.com

Calder Publications UK Ltdwww.calderpublications.com

Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Canongate Books Ltdwww.canongate.net

Carcanet Press Ltdwww.carcanet.co.uk

Cavendish Publishing Ltdwww.cavendishpublishing.com

Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltdwww.chambersharrap.co.uk

http://www.theaa.com/bookshop

http://www.abc-clio.com

http://www.absolutepress.co.uk

http://www.ianallanpublishing.com

http://www.halebooks.com

http://www.allisonandbusby.com

http://www.andersenpress.co.uk

http://www.annesspublishing.com

http://www.chrysalisbooks.co.uk

http://www.anvilpresspoetry.com

http://www.appletree.ie

http://www.arcadiabooks.co.uk

http://www.ashgate.com

http://www.aureus.co.uk

http://www.aurumpress.co.uk

http://www.dbponline.co.uk

http://www.barefootbooks.co.uk

http://www.bbcaudiobooks.com

http://www.bfi.org.uk

http://www.blackandwhitepublishing.com


http://www.blackacebooks.com

http://www.blackamber.com

http://www.blackstaffpress.com

http://www.blackwellpublishing.com

http://www.bloomsbury.com

http://www.marionboyars.co.uk

http://www.breedonbooks.co.uk

http://www.bl.uk

http://www.cadoganguides.com

http://www.calderpublications.com

http://www.cambridge.org

http://www.canongate.net

http://www.carcanet.co.uk

http://www.cavendishpublishing.com

http://www.chambersharrap.co.uk

UK Publishers continued

The Chicken Housewww.doublecluck.com

James Clarke & Co. Ltdwww.lutterworth.com/jamesclarke/

Colourpoint Bookswww.colourpoint.co.uk

Constable & Robinson Ltdwww.constablerobinson.com

Continuum Bookswww.continuumbooks.com

The Crowood Presswww.crowood.com

Dedalus Ltdwww.dedalusbooks.com

Dorling Kindersleywww.dk.com

Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltdwww.ducknet.co.uk

Edinburgh University Presshttp://www.eup.ed.ac.uk/

Egmont Bookswww.egmont.co.uk

Elliott & Thompsonwww.elliottthompson.com

Elsevier Ltdwww.elsevier.com

Encyclopaedia Britannica UK Ltdwww.britannica.co.uk

Evans Brothers Ltdwww.evansbooks.co.uk

Faber & Faber Ltdwww.faber.co.uk

Flame Tree Publishingwww.flametreepublishing.com

Folens Publisherswww.folens.com

W. Foulsham & Co. Ltdwww.foulsham.com

David Fulton Publishers Ltdwww.fultonpublishers.co.uk

The Gallery Presswww.gallerypress.com

Garnet Publishing Ltdwww.garnetpublishing.co.uk

Granta Publicationswww.granta.com

Harcourt Education Ltdwww.harcourteducation.co.uk

Harlequin Mills & Boon Ltdwww.millsandboon.co.uk

HarperCollins Publisherswww.harpercollins.co.uk

Haynes Publishingwww.haynes.co.uk

Hodder Headline Ltdwww.hodderheadline.co.uk

Icon Books Ltdwww.iconbooks.co.uk

Ilexwww.ilex-press.com

Insight Guides/Berlitz Publishingwww.insightguides.com

Irish Academic Press Ltdwww.iap.ie

The Ivy Press Ltdwww.ivypress.co.uk

Jane’s Information Groupwww.janes.com

The Kenilworth Press Ltdwww.kenilworthpress.co.uk

Laurence King Publishing Ltdwww.laurenceking.co.uk

http://www.doublecluck.com

http://www.lutterworth.com/jamesclarke

http://www.colourpoint.co.uk

http://www.constablerobinson.com

http://www.continuumbooks.com

http://www.crowood.com

http://www.dedalusbooks.com

http://www.dk.com

http://www.ducknet.co.uk

http://www.eup.ed.ac.uk

http://www.egmont.co.uk

http://www.elliottthompson.com

http://www.elsevier.com

http://www.britannica.co.uk

http://www.evansbooks.co.uk

http://www.faber.co.uk

http://www.flametreepublishing.com

http://www.folens.com

http://www.foulsham.com

http://www.fultonpublishers.co.uk

http://www.gallerypress.com

http://www.garnetpublishing.co.uk

http://www.granta.com

http://www.harcourteducation.co.uk

http://www.millsandboon.co.uk

http://www.harpercollins.co.uk

http://www.haynes.co.uk

http://www.hodderheadline.co.uk

http://www.iconbooks.co.uk

http://www.ilex-press.com

http://www.insightguides.com

http://www.iap.ie

http://www.ivypress.co.uk

http://www.janes.com

http://www.kenilworthpress.co.uk

http://www.laurenceking.co.uk


Kingfisher Publications plcwww.kingfisherpub.com

Letts Educationalwww.lettsed.co.uk

LexisNexis UKwww.lexisnexis.co.uk

Frances Lincoln Ltdwww.frances-lincoln.com

Liverpool University Presswww.liverpool-unipress.co.uk

Lonely Planet Publicationswww.lonelyplanet.com

McGraw-Hill Educationwww.mcgraw-hill.co.uk

Macmillan Publishers Ltdwww.macmillan.co.uk

Manchester University Presswww.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk

Merrell Publishers Ltdwww.merrellpublishers.com

Methuen Publishing Ltdwww.methuen.co.uk

Michelin Travel Publicationswww.viamichelin.com

Nelson Thornes Ltdwww.nelsonthornes.com

New Holland Publishers UK Ltdwww.newhollandpublishers.com

Oberon Bookswww.oberonbooks.com

The Octagon Press Ltdwww.octagonpress.com

Oneworld Publicationswww.oneworld-publications.com

The Orion Publishing Group Ltdwww.orionbooks.co.uk

Peter Owen Ltdwww.peterowen.com

Oxford University Presswww.oup.com

Pearson Educationwww.pearsoned.co.uk

Pen & Sword Books Ltdwww.pen-and-sword.co.uk

Penguin Group (UK)www.penguin.co.uk

Phaidon Press Ltdwww.phaidon.com

Piatkus Bookswww.piatkus.co.uk

Plexus Publishing Ltdwww.plexusbooks.com

Pluto Presswww.plutobooks.com

Polity Presswww.polity.co.uk

Poolbeg Press Ltdwww.poolbeg.com

Profile Books Ltdwww.profilebooks.co.uk

Quadrille Publishingwww.quadrille.co.uk

Random House Group Ltdwww.randomhouse.co.uk

Reaktion Bookswww.reaktionbooks.co.uk

Reynolds & Hearn Ltdwww.rhbooks.com

Ryland Peters & Smallwww.rylandpeters.com

SAGE Publications Ltdwww.sagepub.co.uk

http://www.kingfisherpub.com

http://www.lettsed.co.uk

http://www.lexisnexis.co.uk

http://www.frances-lincoln.com

http://www.liverpool-unipress.co.uk

http://www.lonelyplanet.com

http://www.mcgraw-hill.co.uk

http://www.macmillan.co.uk

http://www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk

http://www.merrellpublishers.com

http://www.methuen.co.uk

http://www.viamichelin.com

http://www.nelsonthornes.com

http://www.newhollandpublishers.com

http://www.oberonbooks.com

http://www.octagonpress.com

http://www.oneworld-publications.com

http://www.orionbooks.co.uk

http://www.peterowen.com

http://www.oup.com

http://www.pearsoned.co.uk

http://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk

http://www.penguin.co.uk

http://www.phaidon.com

http://www.piatkus.co.uk

http://www.plexusbooks.com

http://www.plutobooks.com

http://www.polity.co.uk

http://www.poolbeg.com

http://www.profilebooks.co.uk

http://www.quadrille.co.uk

http://www.randomhouse.co.uk

http://www.reaktionbooks.co.uk

http://www.rhbooks.com

http://www.rylandpeters.com

http://www.sagepub.co.uk


Salariya Book Company Ltdwww.salariya.com

Scala Publisherswww.scalapublishers.com

Schofield & Sims Ltdwww.schofieldandsims.co.uk

Scholastic Ltdwww.scholastic.co.uk

Shepheard-Walwyn (Publishers) Ltdwww.shepheard-walwyn.co.uk

Short Books Ltdwww.shortbooks.co.uk

Simon & Schusterwww.simonsays.co.uk

Springer-Verlag Ltdwww.springeronline.com

Stenlake Publishing Ltdwww.stenlake.co.uk

Stride Publicationswww.stridebooks.co.uk

Sussex Academic Presswww.sussex-academic.co.uk

Sutton Publishing Ltdwww.suttonpublishing.co.uk

Sweet & Maxwellwww.sweetandmaxwell.co.uk

Taschen UK Ltdwww.taschen.co.uk

Taylor & Francis Books Ltdwww.tandf.co.uk/books/

Thames & Hudson Ltdwww.thamesandhudson.com

Time Warner Book Group UKwww.twbg.co.uk

Titan Bookswww.titanbooks.com

Transworld Publisherswww.booksattransworld.co.uk

Usborne Publishing Ltdwww.usborne.com

V&A Publicationswww.vandashop.co.uk

Virgin Books Ltdwww.virginbooks.com

University of Wales Presswww.wales.ac.uk/press

Walker Books Ltdwww.walkerbooks.co.uk

Ward Lock Educational Co. Ltdwww.wardlockeducational.com

The Watts Publishing Group Ltdwww.wattspublishing.co.uk

Websters International Publishers Ltdwww.websters.co.uk

Which? Ltdhttp://bookshop.which.co.uk

Whittet Books Ltdwww.whittetbooks.com

Wiley Europe Ltdhttp://eu.wiley.com

Philip Wilson Publishers Ltdwww.philip-wilson.co.uk

The Women’s Presswww.the-womens-press.com

Woodhead Publishing Ltdwww.woodhead-publishing.com

Yale University Presswww.yalebooks.co.uk

Zoë Books Ltdwww.zoebooks.co.uk

http://www.salariya.com

http://www.scalapublishers.com

http://www.schofieldandsims.co.uk

http://www.scholastic.co.uk

http://www.shepheard-walwyn.co.uk

http://www.shortbooks.co.uk

http://www.simonsays.co.uk

http://www.springeronline.com

http://www.stenlake.co.uk

http://www.stridebooks.co.uk

http://www.sussex-academic.co.uk

http://www.suttonpublishing.co.uk

http://www.sweetandmaxwell.co.uk

http://www.taschen.co.uk

http://www.tandf.co.uk/books

http://www.thamesandhudson.com

http://www.twbg.co.uk

http://www.titanbooks.com

http://www.booksattransworld.co.uk

http://www.usborne.com

http://www.vandashop.co.uk

http://www.virginbooks.com

http://www.wales.ac.uk/press

http://www.walkerbooks.co.uk

http://www.wardlockeducational.com

http://www.wattspublishing.co.uk

http://www.websters.co.uk

http://bookshop.which.co.uk

http://www.whittetbooks.com

http://eu.wiley.com

http://www.philip-wilson.co.uk

http://www.the-womens-press.com

http://www.woodhead-publishing.com

http://www.yalebooks.co.uk

http://www.zoebooks.co.uk

Book Prizes and Awards

American Book AwardAn annual award given in recognition of literary achievement by an Americanauthor, intended to be more open in terms of age, sex, race and genre of writingthan other awards.

Australian/Vogel Literary AwardA prize given by Australian publishers Allen and Unwin for an outstandingunpublished manuscript by an author under the age of 35.

Author’s Club AwardsTwo awards made annually for outstanding works of literature, one for a firstwork of fiction and the other for a non-fiction work on architecture and the arts,each of £1,000.

BA/Book Data Author Of The Year AwardsA prize of £1,000 given to a British or Irish published author who has made themost impact over the course of the year according to a survey of bookshops.

BBC4 Samuel Johnson PrizeA prestigious prize for non-fiction writing, running since 1999. Each finalistreceives £2,500 and the winner £30,000.

Betty Trask AwardsA total prize fund of £25,000, administered by the Society of Authors, forauthors of an outstanding first novel ‘of a romantic or traditional nature’.

Booktrust Early Years AwardsA prize given for outstanding illustrated books for pre-school children, runningsince 1999.

Bram Stoker AwardsA set of prizes honouring ‘superior achievement’ in horror writing, given fornovels, short stories and anthologies by the Horror Writer’s Association.

British Academy Book PrizeAn award that honours academic books on the humanities and social sciences,which are written to appeal to a non-specialist audience.

Caldicott MedalA prestigious award given by the American Library Association to the writer ofan outstanding American illustrated book for children.

Carnegie MedalAn award made by CILIP to the writer of an outstanding book for children,written in English and published during the previous year in the UK.

Cholmondley AwardA prize of £2,000 given to each of four poets each year, running since 1966.

Commonwealth Writer’s PrizeAwards up to £10,000 each for outstanding books and first novels from theCommonwealth areas, Africa, the Caribbean, Canada and South-East Asia.

Book Prizes and Awards continued

David Cohen British Literature PrizeAn award given for lifetime achievement in the field of literature, administeredby the Arts Council. The prize includes money to be used to fund further work.

Duff Cooper AwardA prize of £3, 000 given for the best work of history, biography or politicalscience published in English or French.

Dundee Book PrizeAn award of £6,000 and the chance of publication, awarded every two years foran unpublished manuscript.

Elizabeth Longford Prize for Historical BiographyAwards a prize of £3,000 for a work of historical biography published in theyear preceding the awards.

Encore AwardA prize of £10,000 administered by the Society of Authors, given for anoutstanding second novel published in the English language in the UK.

Eric Gregory Trust Fund AwardsA total prize fund of £24,000, to be shared between 4-6 authors of a publishedor unpublished collection of poetry.

George Orwell Memorial PrizeAn award of £1,000 given for a political book, either fiction or non-fiction,which is accessible to a non-academic audience.

Guardian AwardA prestigious award for works of children’s literature published in the UKduring the preceding year, given by the Guardian Newspaper.

Guardian First Book AwardA prize for an outstanding piece of new writing published in the UK during thepreceding year, given by the Guardian Newspaper.

Hans Christian Andersen AwardsAn international prize presented every other year to authors and illustrators whohave made a ‘lasting contribution’ to children’s literature. Winners receive agold medal.

Hawthornden PrizeAn award given for ‘a work of imaginative literature’. It is one of the oldestawards, running since 1919.

Hemingway Foundation/PEN AwardsA prize given to a first novel or book of short stories by an American author,founded by Ernest Hemingway’s widow Mary in 1976.

Independent Foreign Fiction PrizeAn award now administered by the Arts Council which honours workstranslated into English and published in the UK. The winning author andtranslator both receive £5,000.


James Tait Black Memorial PrizesTwo awards given annually for works of fiction and biography, worth £3,000each. It is one of the oldest literary awards still in operation, running since1919.

John Llewellyn Rhys PrizeAn award of £3,000 funded by the Mail on Sunday, given to an outstandingBritish or Commonwealth author under the age of 35.

John Newbery MedalA prestigious award given by the American Library Association for anoutstanding American work of children’s literature.

J. R. Ackerley Prize for AutobiographyA prize of £1000 and a silver Dupont pen given for an outstanding work ofautobiography by a British author, published in English.

Kate Greenaway MedalAn award made by CILIP to the writer of an outstanding illustrated book forchildren. The book must be written in English and have been published in theUnited Kingdom during the year preceding the presentation of the award.

Kerrie Group Irish Fiction AwardAn annual prize of EUR10,000 for a published Irish author.

Kiriyama PrizeA double award given annually for the best fiction and non-fiction works whichpromote inter-cultural understanding between the West and the countries ofSouth Asia.

Man Booker Prize for Fiction (also known as The Booker Prize)A highly-prestigious award given to an author in the UK or Commonwealth,including a cash prize of £50,000 and also assuring some degree of literarysuccess.

Man Booker International PrizeThe international partner of the Man Booker Prize, given to an outstandingauthor whose work is generally available in English translation, with a cashprize of £60,000.

Manchester Book AwardA recently-established award for children’s literature by a UK-resident author,which is judged by school library reading groups.

McKitterick PrizeA prize of £4,000 given for an exceptional first novel by an author over the ageof 40.

Miles Franklin Literary AwardA prize of AU$28,000 given annually for an adult work of fiction depictingAustralian life and culture.


National Book AwardsAn annual honour given in four categories of literary works, administered bythe National Book Foundation in the US. The prize is $10,000 and a crystalsculpture.

Nestlé Smarties Books PrizeAn award organised by Booktrust, given for children’s books in 3 agecategories.

Nobel Prize in Literature An immensely prestigious award given each year toan international author, with nominations made to the Swedish Academy. Theprize, amounting to more than £720,000, is presented to the winner by the Kingof Sweden.

O. Henry AwardsAnnual American awards given to exceptional short stories, especially thosewhich have made a ‘lasting contribution’ to the art of short story writing.

Orange Prize for FictionAn award given for an outstanding original novel by a female author of anynationality, published in the UK. The prize for the winner is £30,00 and abronze sculpture.

Prix DécembreA prize given for French literary works at the end of the year, generally for lessconventional, ‘mainstream‘ works than the Prix Goncourt.

Prix des Deux MagotsAn annual French literary prize which is awarded for new fiction, running since1933.

Prix FeminaAn award given for an outstanding literary work in the French language,awarded by an exclusively female jury and sponsored by woman’s magazineFemina.

Prix GoncourtA highly-prestigious prize given annually by the Académie Goncourt for‘imaginative prose’ in the French language.

Pulitzer PrizesAnnual awards given for works in fiction, non-fiction, history, poetry andbiography by American authors, preferably written on an American theme.

Queen’s Gold Medal for PoetryAn award given for an outstanding book of verse by a UK or Commonwealthcitizen. The committee is chaired by the Poet Laureate.

Red House Children’s Book AwardAn annual prize for children’s literature, judged by readers, which alsogenerates a Pick of the Year list of recommended titles.


Royal Society of Literature Ondaatje AwardAn honour given to a published work by a UK or Commonwealth author,fiction or non-fiction, which best evokes the spirit of a place.

Saga Award for WitAwards a prize of £20,000 for a literary work by an author aged 50 or overwhich displays wit and humour.

Sagittarius PrizeA prize of £4,000 given for an exceptional first novel by an author over the ageof 60.

Somerset Maugham AwardA prize of £6,000 to be spent on travel, awarded to an outstanding publishedBritish author under the age of 35.

Stonewall Book AwardAn award given to literary works with a gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgendered(GLBT) theme, administered by the American Library Association.

Sunday Times Young Writer of the YearAwards a purse of £5,000 to a published author in the UK under the age of 35.

Tir Na N-og AwardsAn award in three categories celebrating Welsh-language literary works infiction and non-fiction and for English language fiction by a Welsh author.

Wheatley MedalA collaborative award administered by CILIP and sponsored by The Society ofIndexers and Nielsen BookData, given for an outstanding printed index in areference work.

Whitbread Book AwardsA set of literary awards given in 5 categories for best novel, first novel,children’s book, poetry and biography, each winner receiving £5,000 and theoverall winner receiving £25,000.

William Hill Sports Book of the Year AwardA prize given for a book with a sporting theme (excluding almanacs andlistings), with a cash prize of £15,000 and other prizes worth £5,000.

WH Smith Literary AwardAn annual honour given in the UK for literary works in English, including thosein translation and by international authors, running since 1959.

International Book Fairs

Name of Fair Month Place

Cairo International Book Fair January Cairo (Egypt)

Calcutta Book Fair January Calcutta (India)

World Book Fair February New Delhi (India)

Feria Internacional del Libro February Mexico City (Mexico)

Jerusalem International Book Fair February Jerusalem (Israel)

London International Book Fair March London (UK)

Salon du Livre March Paris (France)

Bologna Children’s Book Fair March/April Bologna (Italy)

Salon International du Livre April/May Geneva (Switzerland)

Feria Internacional del Libro April/May Bogota (Colombia)

Feria Internacional del Libro April/May Buenos Aires (Argentina)

Warsaw International Book Fair May Warsaw (Poland)

BookExpo America May Various cities (USA)

Singapore International Book Fair May/June Singapore

BookExpo Canada June Toronto (Canada)

Hong Kong Book Fair July Hong Kong

Tokyo International Book Fair July Tokyo (Japan)

Philippine Book Fair September Manila (Philippines)

Beijing Book Fair September Beijing (China)

Moscow International Book Fair September Moscow (Russia)

Liber October Barcelona/Madrid (Spain)

Frankfurt Book Fair October Frankfurt (Germany)

Salon du Livre November Montreal (Canada)

Antwerp Book Fair November Antwerp (Belgium)

Greek Alphabet

Uppercase Lowercase Name Roman equivalent� � Alpha A� � Beta B� � Gamma G� � Delta D Epsilon E� � Zeta Z � Eta H� � Theta Th� � Iota I� � Kappa K� � Lambda L� � Mu M� � Nu N� � Xi X� � Omicron O� Pi P! " Rho R# $ Sigma S% & Tau T' ( Upsilon U) * Phi Ph+ , Chi Ch- . Psi Ps/ 0 Omega O

Diacritics

Acute accent é Horn t’

Bar ð Macron â

Breve ã Ogonek ø

Cedilla ç Ring åCircumflex â Slash øDouble acute û Tilde ñGrave accent è Umlaut ü

Fonts:

Examples of commonly-used serif fonts:

Times:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ (,.;:!?)abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890 £$%&@[]{}

Book Antiqua

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Bookman Old StyleABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ (,.;:!?)abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890£$%&@[]{}

Century



Garamond



Georgia



NimrodABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ (,.;:!?)abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 £$%&@[]{}

Palatino



(All fonts shown in 10pt typesize)

Fonts continued:

Examples of commonly-used sans-serif fonts:

Arial:

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Helvetica:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ (,.;:!?)abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 £$%&@[]{}

Frutiger:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ (,.;:!?)abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 £$%&@[]{}

Century Gothic:



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Univers:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ(,.;:!?)abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 £$%&@[]{}

Verdana:



Trebuchet MS:




Fonts continued:

Examples of commonly-used monospaced fonts:

Courier:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ (,.;:!?)abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 £$%&@[]{}

Lucida Console:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ (,.;:!?)abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 £$%&@[]{}

OCR-A:


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OCR-B:


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Examples of display and specialist fonts:

Wingdings:�� !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO

Webdings:�� !�"�#�$�%�&�'�()�*�+�,�-�.�/�0�1�2�3�4�5�6�7�8�9�:�;<�=�>�?�@�A�B�C�D�E�F�G�H�I�J�K�L�M�N

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Resources on the Web

Publishing (associations):

Association of Learned and Professional Society PublishersThe international trade association for not-for-profit publishers in the UK.www.alpsp.org

International Publishers AssociationAn organisation of book and journal publishers world-wide, with consultativerelations with the United Nations.www.ipa-uie.org

Publishing Association“The leading trade organisation serving book, journal and electronic publishersin the UK.”www.publishers.org.uk

Society of Young PublishersAn organisation open to people aged 18-35 working in the publishing trade.Offers newsletters, speakers meeting, a job database and more.www.thesyp.org.uk

Women in PublishingCareer development and support specifically aimed at women working inpublishing.www.wipub.org.uk

Publishing (resources):

BookFind-OnlineA subscription service run by Nielsen BookData, offering a fully searchable,web based bibliographic tool with content-rich data updated daily.www.bookfind-online.com

The BooksellerA leading information service for those in the book business.www.thebookseller.com

Media GuardianA print and online news service for media professionals, including arecruitment section.http://media.guardian.co.uk

Nielsen BookDataBibliographic data services for booksellers, publishers and librarians.www.bookdata.co.uk

Publishers Weekly (US)The online version of the print journal, serving US publishers and booksellers.www.publishersweekly.com

Publishing Central (US)An information resource on all aspects of print and electronic publishing.www.publishingcentral.com

http://www.alpsp.org

http://www.ipa-uie.org

http://www.publishers.org.uk

http://www.thesyp.org.uk

http://www.wipub.org.uk

http://www.bookfind-online.com

http://www.thebookseller.com

http://media.guardian.co.uk

http://www.bookdata.co.uk

http://www.publishersweekly.com

http://www.publishingcentral.com

Resources on the Web continued

Publishing NewsA leading information service for those in the book business.www.publishingnews.co.uk

PubListInternet-based reference for information on domestic and international print andelectronic publications.www.publist.com

Editorial and proofreading:

BookcraftProvides publishing consultancy, editorial, design, proofreading and trainingservices.www.bookcraft.co.uk

ChapterhouseAn editorial training centre which offers distance learning, classroom andbespoke in-house classes developing skills such as proofreading.www.chapterhousepublishing.co.uk

Copyediting.co.ukA blog website which offers first-hand advice on breaking into freelancecopyediting and proofreading work.www.copyediting.co.uk

The Publishing Training Centre at Book HouseOffers distance learning courses in all aspects of publishing, includingcopyediting, proofreading, IT skills, production, marketing and rights.www.train4publishing.co.uk

Society for Editors and ProofreadersA UK membership organisation which provides accredited training inproofreading and editorial services.www.sfep.org.uk

Printing:

British Printing Industries FederationA membership organisation for those working in the print industry, withtechnical and training advice.www.britishprint.com

The British Association for Print and CommunicationA trade organisation representing the interests of the printing industry.www.bapc.co.uk

International Printers’ Network“The world’s foremost global alliance of leading edge companies in theprinting, visual communications and graphic arts industry.”www.ipn.cc

http://www.publishingnews.co.uk

http://www.publist.com

http://www.bookcraft.co.uk

http://www.chapterhousepublishing.co.uk

http://www.copyediting.co.uk

http://www.train4publishing.co.uk

http://www.sfep.org.uk

http://www.britishprint.com

http://www.bapc.co.uk

http://www.ipn.cc


Printers’ Charitable CorporationA benevolent society which provides financial aid to those in the print industry.www.britnett.net/pcc

PrintWeekThe online home of the journal, serving printing professionals in the UK.www.printweek.com

Vision in PrintAn organisation dedicated to improving performance in the printing industry.www.visioninprint.co.uk

Papermaking:

Confederation of European Paper IndustriesA non-profit-making organisation, representing some 900 pulp, paper andboard-producing companies across Europe.www.cepi.org

Confederation of Paper Industries“The authoritative and effective voice of the UK’s paper-related industries.”www.paper.org.uk

Paper OnlineAn educational site covering all aspects of papermaking.http://www.paperonline.org

PiraA leading commercial consultancy for industries such as packaging, paper,printing and publishing.www.piranet.com

TAPPIThe technical association for the pulp and paper industry worldwide.www.tappi.org

Online reference tools:

BartlebyFree searchable online access to major reference works.www.bartleby.com

The British LibraryOnline research services and collection information from the UK’s nationallibrary.http://www.bl.uk

European Library“A portal which offers access to the combined resources (books, magazines,journals... both digital and non-digital) of the 45 national libraries of Europe.”www.theeuropeanlibrary.org

http://www.britnett.net/pcc

http://www.printweek.com

http://www.visioninprint.co.uk

http://www.cepi.org

http://www.paper.org.uk

http://www.paperonline.org

http://www.piranet.com

http://www.tappi.org

http://www.bartleby.com

http://www.bl.uk

http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org


KnowUKA digital reference library with access to more than 100 reference books.www.knowuk.co.uk

XreferA digital reference library offering online access to over 200 reference books tosubscribers.www.xrefer.com

Other related links:

AdobeSoftware for producing high-quality print and electronic documents.www.adobe.com

Book Aid InternationalA UK charity which supports literacy, education, training and publishinginitiatives in developing countries.www.bookaid.org

Bookseller’s AssociationRepresenting book retail outlets in the UK.www.booksellers.org.uk

Consortium of Research Libraries in the UKAn organisation campaigning for the development of distributed librariesthrough the use of electronic publishing.www.curl.ac.uk

Institute of Bookbinding and Associated TradesAn information resource and discussion forum for the bookbinding trade.www.hewit.com/sd4-ibat.htm

Journal of Electronic PublishingA searchable online archive of articles from the print journal.www.press.umich.edu/jep

Society of AuthorsA UK organisation which aims “to protect the rights and further the interests ofauthors”.www.societyofauthors.org

Society of IndexersPromoting “indexing, the quality of indexes and the profession of indexing”.www.indexers.org.uk

World Wide Web ConsortiumDeveloping standards and guidelines for publishing on the Webwww.w3.org

http://www.knowuk.co.uk

http://www.xrefer.com

http://www.adobe.com

http://www.bookaid.org

http://www.booksellers.org.uk

http://www.curl.ac.uk

http://www.hewit.com/sd4-ibat.htm

http://www.press.umich.edu/jep

http://www.societyofauthors.org

http://www.indexers.org.uk

http://www.w3.org

Documents

Dictionary of - Publishing and Printing - FTP ISDi