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Comparison of 4 He ages and 14 C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater ¯ow and chronologies Maria Clara Castro a, *, Martin Stute a, b , Peter Schlosser a, c a Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10960, USA b Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, USA c Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, NY, USA Received 22 December 1998; accepted 1 November 1999 Editorial handling by W.M. Edmunds Abstract 4 He concentrations in excess of the solubility equilibrium with the atmosphere by up to two to three orders of magnitude are observed in the Carrizo Aquifer in Texas, the Ojo Alamo and Nacimiento aquifers in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, and the Auob Sandstone Aquifer in Namibia. A simple 4 He accumulation model is applied to explain these excess 4 He concentrations in terms of both in situ production and a crustal ¯ux across the bottom layer of the aquifer. Results from the model simulations suggest variability in the 4 He ¯uxes, ranging from 6 10 6 cm 3 STP cm 2 yr 1 for the Auob Sandstone Aquifer to 3.6 10 7 cm 3 STP cm 2 yr 1 for the Carrizo aquifer. For the Ojo Alamo and Nacimiento aquifers an intermediate value of 3 10 6 cm 3 STP cm 2 yr 1 was estimated. The contribution of in-situ produced 4 He to the measured concentrations was also estimated. This contribution is negligible for the Auob Sandstone Aquifer as compared with both the concentrations measured at the top and bottom of the aquifer for most of the pathway. In the Carrizo aquifer, in-situ produced 4 He contributes 27.5% and 15.4%, to the total 4 He observed at the top and bottom of the aquifer, respectively. For both aquifers of the San Juan Basin in-situ production almost entirely dominates the 4 He concentrations at the top of the aquifer for most of the pathway. In contrast, the internal production is negligible as compared with the measured concentrations at the bottom of these aquifers, reaching, at most, 1.1%. The model simulations require an exponential decrease in the horizontal velocity of the water with increasing recharge distance to reproduce the distribution of 4 He in these aquifers. For the Auob Sandstone Aquifer the highest range in the velocity values is obtained (25 to 0.4 m yr 1 ). The simulations for the Carrizo aquifer and both aquifers located in the San Juan Basin require velocities varying from 4 to 0.1 m yr 1 , and from 2 to 0.3 m yr 1 , respectively. For each aquifer, average permeability values were also estimated. They are generally in agreement with results obtained from pumping tests, hydrodynamic modeling and previous 14 C measurements. On the basis of the results obtained by calibrating the model with the measured 4 He concentrations, the mean water residence times were estimated. They agree reasonably well with 14 C ages. When applied as chronologies for noble gas temperatures in the same aquifers, the calculated 4 He ages allow the identi®cation of three dierent climate periods similar to those previously identi®ed using 14 C ages: (1) the Holocene period (0±10 Ka BP), (2) the Last Glacial Maximum (118 Ka BP), and (3) the preceeding period (30±150 Ka BP). 7 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Applied Geochemistry 15 (2000) 1137±1167 0883-2927/00/$ - see front matter 7 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S0883-2927(99)00113-4 www.elsevier.com/locate/apgeochem * Corresponding author. Present address: University of Michigan, Department of Geological Sciences, 2534 C.C Little Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063, USA.

Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 1: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 3: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 4: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 5: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253323000_An_isotopic_investigation_of_groundwater_in_the_Central_San_Juan_Basin_New_Mexico_Carbon_14_dating_as_a_basis_for_numerical_flow_models?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253323000_An_isotopic_investigation_of_groundwater_in_the_Central_San_Juan_Basin_New_Mexico_Carbon_14_dating_as_a_basis_for_numerical_flow_models?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279553128_Noble_gases_and_stable_isotopes_in_14C-dated_palaeowaters_from_central_Europe_and_the_Sahara?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287433425_EVOLUTION_OF_THE_CHEMICAL_COMPOSITION_OF_ARTESIAN_WATER_IN_THE_AUOB_SANDSTONE_NAMIBIASOUTH_WEST_AFRICA?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287433425_EVOLUTION_OF_THE_CHEMICAL_COMPOSITION_OF_ARTESIAN_WATER_IN_THE_AUOB_SANDSTONE_NAMIBIASOUTH_WEST_AFRICA?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
Page 6: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248806883_Determination_of_the_Initial_14C_Activity_of_the_Total_Dissolved_Carbon_A_Review_of_the_Existing_Models_and_a_New_Approach?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248806883_Determination_of_the_Initial_14C_Activity_of_the_Total_Dissolved_Carbon_A_Review_of_the_Existing_Models_and_a_New_Approach?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223922953_A_30000_yr_Continental_Paleotemperature_Record_Derived_from_Noble_Gases_Dissolved_in_Groundwater_from_the_San_Juan_Basin_New_Mexico?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/18878151_Validity_of_Radiocarbon_Dates_on_Bone?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279571775_Glacial_temperatures_and_moisture_transport_regimes_reconstructed_from_noble_gases_and_d18O_Stampriet_aquifer_Namibia?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
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Page 10: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223922953_A_30000_yr_Continental_Paleotemperature_Record_Derived_from_Noble_Gases_Dissolved_in_Groundwater_from_the_San_Juan_Basin_New_Mexico?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
Page 12: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 14: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 17: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253323000_An_isotopic_investigation_of_groundwater_in_the_Central_San_Juan_Basin_New_Mexico_Carbon_14_dating_as_a_basis_for_numerical_flow_models?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
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Page 20: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 21: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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GH3H 3"0&+$ *& "4H I BCC46*: J*$D)*#60&+, =K LM>>>N ==OPQ==@P 00[W

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Page 22: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 23: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222950833_Helium_in_deep_circulating_groundwater_in_the_Great_Hungarian_Plain_flow_dynamics_and_crustal_and_mantle_helium_fluxes_Geochim_Cosmochim_Acta_56_2051-2067?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
Page 24: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 25: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253323000_An_isotopic_investigation_of_groundwater_in_the_Central_San_Juan_Basin_New_Mexico_Carbon_14_dating_as_a_basis_for_numerical_flow_models?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223922953_A_30000_yr_Continental_Paleotemperature_Record_Derived_from_Noble_Gases_Dissolved_in_Groundwater_from_the_San_Juan_Basin_New_Mexico?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-2ea6e80a5aa02a6572fa64df62482865-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyMjkyMjY4NjtBUzoxMDQzNjg3MDM1NDEyNTZAMTQwMTg5NDg0NjcwMg==
Page 26: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 27: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 28: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 29: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 30: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Page 31: Comparison of 4He ages and 14C ages in simple aquifer systems: implications for groundwater flow and chronologies

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Philosophy and Theology in the Middle Ages

Philosophy and Theology in the Middle Ages

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4HE - International Double Reed Society

4HE - International Double Reed Society

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Aitchison Ireland NEO ophiolite ages AJES 1995

Aitchison Ireland NEO ophiolite ages AJES 1995

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The Secret of the Ages

The Secret of the Ages

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Videogames and the Middle Ages

Videogames and the Middle Ages

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Pion double charge exchange on 4He

Pion double charge exchange on 4He

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The 4He(gamma, 2N) reaction measured with tagged photons

The 4He(gamma, 2N) reaction measured with tagged photons

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The house of many different ages

The house of many different ages

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Palaeoseismicity and pottery: Investigating earthquake and archaeological chronologies on the Hajiarab alluvial fan, Iran

Palaeoseismicity and pottery: Investigating earthquake and archaeological chronologies on the Hajiarab alluvial fan, Iran

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Reconciling cultural technologies, chronologies, and the rising tide at Fishing Bay, Maryland

Reconciling cultural technologies, chronologies, and the rising tide at Fishing Bay, Maryland

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worship and learning resources for all ages

worship and learning resources for all ages

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Cross section of 3He(3He,2p)4He measured at solar energies

Cross section of 3He(3He,2p)4He measured at solar energies

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Penal enslavement in the early middle ages

Penal enslavement in the early middle ages

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GLIMPSES OF THE AGES - DSpace@GIPE

GLIMPSES OF THE AGES - DSpace@GIPE

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The elastic constants of solid 4He under pressure: a diffusion Monte Carlo study

The elastic constants of solid 4He under pressure: a diffusion Monte Carlo study

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Energy dependence of the 4He(π+,π-) total cross section

Energy dependence of the 4He(π+,π-) total cross section

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Use of lead isotopes for developing chronologies in recent salt-marsh sediments

Use of lead isotopes for developing chronologies in recent salt-marsh sediments

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