1

Calypso U.S. Pipeline, LLC, Mile Post (MP) 31 - MP 0 Deep-water Marine Benthic Video Survey

Final Report

Submitted to:

Calypso U.S. Pipeline, LLC

1 August 2006

Submitted by: Charles G. Messing, Ph.D., Brian K. Walker, M.S. and

Richard E. Dodge, Ph.D. National Coral Reef Institute, Nova Southeastern University

Oceanographic Center, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL 33004

John Reed, M.S.,

Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution 5600 U.S. 1, North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946

2

Table of Contents

I. Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................ 2 II. List of Figures ..................................................................................................................................... 3 III. List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................... 4 IV. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................... 5 V. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 7 VI. PURPOSE.......................................................................................................................................... 7 VII. STUDY AREA..................................................................................................................................... 8 VIII. BACKGROUND INFORMATION........................................................................................................... 9 IX. METHODS ....................................................................................................................................... 12

A. Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)...................................................................................................... 12 B. Survey Pattern .................................................................................................................................. 12 C. Data Collection ................................................................................................................................. 13 D. Data Analyses................................................................................................................................... 14 E. Terminology...................................................................................................................................... 15 F. Summary of Survey Protocols ............................................................................................................ 15 G. QA/QC ............................................................................................................................................. 15 H. Personnel ......................................................................................................................................... 16

X. RESULTS......................................................................................................................................... 17 A. Fauna .............................................................................................................................................. 17

1. Shallow soft-bottom fauna (~600-1100 ft)........................................................................................ 17 2. Deep soft-bottom fauna (~1400-2570 ft) ......................................................................................... 18 3. Shallow hard-bottom fauna (~690-1100 ft) ...................................................................................... 20 4. Deep hard-bottom fauna (~1100-1725 ft) ........................................................................................ 24

B. Habitat categories ............................................................................................................................. 27 C. Transect Habitat Summary................................................................................................................. 30 D. Transect habitat summary for pipeline route BVS transect EW2 (extracted from DWP Project Final Report)33 E. Quantitative Data .............................................................................................................................. 34

XI. POTENTIAL IMPACTS ...................................................................................................................... 39 XII. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 45

3

I. List of Figures Figure 1. Television Observed Nautical Grappling System (TONGS). Figure 2. Proposed Calypso LNG pipeline route with benthic video survey segment in red. Figure 3. Shallow soft-bottom fauna. Figure 4. Deep soft-bottom fauna. Figure 5. Deep soft-bottom fishes. Figure 6. Shallow hard-bottom fauna. Figure 7. Hardbottom fishes. Figure 8. Deep-water colonial azooxanthellate scleractinian corals. Figure 9. Deep hard-bottom fauna. Figure 10. Sediment substrates. Figure 11. Low- and high-cover hard-bottom substrates. Figure 12. Low-, moderate and high-relief substrates. Figure 13. Coral sediment substrates. Figure 14. CPCe analysis of percentage substrate cover, excluding shadows. Figure 15. CPCe analysis of percentage substrate cover, excluding shadows, for the three quantitative sites (5-7) taken along the pipeline route (EW2) during the Deep Water Port Project benthic video survey. Figure 16. Percent contributions of major taxonomic groups of sessile and semi-sessile, habitat-forming, hard-bottom organisms to total organism densities at quantitative still photographic sites. Figure 17. Percent contributions of major taxonomic groups of sessile and semi-sessile, habitat-forming, hard-bottom organisms to total organism densities at the three quantitative photo sites (5-7) taken along the pipeline route (EW2) during the Deep Water Port Project benthic video survey.

4

II. List of Tables

Table 1. Deep-water colony-forming corals capable of forming complex 3-dimensional habitats in 200-2000 m off the southeastern United States. Table 2. Sessile or semisessile organisms other than colonial corals that may indicate hard-bottom substrates in 200-2000 m off the southeastern United States. Table 3. Locality and image data for quantitative still photographic sites. Table 4. CPCe analysis of percentage substrate cover. Table 5. Counts and densities of individual organisms in CPC analysis images. Table 6. Counts and densities of individual organisms in CPC analysis images for the three quantitative photo sites taken along the pipeline route during the Deep Water Port Survey (sites 5-7 along transect EW2). Table 7. Counts and densities of individual sessile and semi-sessile organisms in CPC analysis images for the three quantitative photo sites taken along the pipeline route during the Deep Water Port Survey (sites 5-7 along transect EW2).

5

III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• The benthic video survey carried out for the Calypso U.S. Pipeline examined ~50 nm of linear transects of the seafloor off Fort Lauderdale, FL, along the permitted pipeline track and, where hard-bottom habitats were encountered, in adjacent segments !150 ft to the north and south of the pipeline track, using.the US Navy’s Television Observed Nautical Grappling System (TONGS) remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The survey was conducted from 11 to 15 May 2006.

• Analyses of videographic and still photographic data revealed six habitat types:

1) Sediment (obsolete rippled and flat bioturbated). 2) Low-cover hard bottom – scattered clusters of rubble or small rocks, often in patches a few meters across, rarely in more extensive fields, and separated by expanses of sediment, occasionally accompanied by a few low-relief rocks up to 0.8 m across and rare veneered slabs or pavements to 1 m across. 3. High-cover hard bottom – Low- to moderate-relief hardbottom characterized by phosphoritic limestone outcrops, slabs and pavements, the latter up to several meters across, with varying amounts of rubble and small to large rocks, often in patches separated by expanses of sediment and intermixed with low- or high-cover hard-bottom areas of scattered rubble, small rocks and outcrops. 4. Moderate-relief hard bottom – A subset of high-cover hardbottom, this habitat appeared chiefly on the Miami Terrace escarpment and was characterized by irregular eroded outcrops, boulders, slabs and pavements with the dominant vertical relief from ~0.5 to 2 m. 5. High-relief hard bottom – A subset of high-cover hard bottom and restricted to the Terrace escarpment. Consisted of ledges, steep slopes and escarpments—abrupt vertical and near-vertical hard substrates with generally greater than 1-m relief and reaching 20 m, including sharp and often projecting vertical edges of pavements and slabs, boulder-strewn or irregular cemented karstic slopes, often with sediment areas with rocks and boulders at their bases. 6. Tilefish burrows – A single great northern tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) was observed. 7. Pennatulids – chiefly widely scattered colonies of a sea pen in >900 ft. 8. Coral rubble –Small skeletal debris—twigs and small branches of colonial azooxanthellate stony corals (Scleractinia) ranging from sparse to dense, with broken branches forming a continuous carpet. 9. Dead standing coral – At least partly intact skeletal remains of colonial azooxanthellate stony corals (Scleractinia) more or less in life position and projecting as individual colonies or thickets above the surrounding substrate. 10. Coral – Individual colonies or thickets of colonial azooxanthellate stony corals with at least a few recognizably living branches.

• The most abundant organisms on hard bottoms were a variety of demosponges and hexactinellid glass sponges, sea anemones (chiefly Actiniaria), soft corals (e.g., Capnella nigra), zoanthids (colonial anemones) and stylasterid lace corals, accompanied by smaller numbers of primnoid and isidid octocorals. The most common fish on hardbottoms was the blacktail codling, Laemonema melanurum (Moridae).

6

• A total of 828 still images were analyzed in seven still photographic series identified as having high biological interest (based on organism abundance and diversity, and extent of exposed hard substrate), ranging from 89 to 146 per series with a mean of 118 images per series. Coral Point Count (CPC)© software was used to code 50 points in each image. Living coral accounted for 0.32 and 0.17% of cover at two sites near the EEZ boundary with the Bahamas (with 5-10% coral rubble and 10-11% dead standing coral). Coral rubble (with neither living nor dead standing coral) accounted for 32% of cover at another site near the base of the Miami Terrace escarpment. Hard limestone substrates accounted for 38-83% of cover at the remaining four sites. Percent coverage by all other organisms combined (mobile and sessile) never exceeded 3% at any site.

• We also counted all organisms larger than 3-4 cm in the same image set. Area covered

ranged from 97-261 m2 per site. Total organism densities ranged from 0.47 to 8.27 m-2, primarily sessile and semi-sessile habitat-forming groups (sponges and cnidarians). Stylasterids were the most abundant organisms at 3 of the 7 sites, with anemones, demosponges and soft corals the most abundant at one each; no group dominated at site 7. Other important groups included zoanthids and. Maximum densities recorded by major sessile and semi-sessile groups were: anemones ( and corallimorphs)—2.27 m-2; soft corals (alcyoniids and nephtheids)—1.93 m-2; zoanthids—1.50 m-2; stylasterids—1.43 m-2; demosponges—1.15 m-2; hexactinellids—0.77 m-2, and scleractinian corals—0.75 m-2.

7

IV. INTRODUCTION Calypso U.S. Pipeline, LLC, formerly named Tractebel Calypso Pipeline, LLC (referred to herein as OWNER) holds a Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) for its proposed pipeline project that will interconnect at (i) the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) between the United States and The Commonwealth of The Bahamas with a non-jurisdictional pipeline to the east and (ii) onshore in Florida with the Florida Gas Transmission pipeline to the west. CPCN Appendix A, Condition No. 20 requires that:

“At least 90 days prior to initiating offshore construction between about MP 16.0 and MP 33.8, OWNER shall file with the Secretary for review and written approval by the Director of OEP a pre-installation video survey plan for deepwater corals that includes identification and mapping of high probability exposed hardbottom regions along the pipeline centerline; specifications on the resolution and survey method; designation and draft contractual agreement with a recognized Florida deepwater coral expert to independently review the pre-installation video; and avoidance, impact minimization (including the establishment of adequate buffers), and mitigation strategies, if required. Results of the survey(s) and mitigation strategies must be submitted to NOAA Fisheries, COE, MMS and FDEP for review at least 30 days prior to construction. The Florida deepwater coral expert shall be selected in consultation with NOAA Fisheries.”

OWNER has previously completed the necessary benthic video surveys in state waters from MP 31.6 to MP 33.8 and in federal waters out to a water depth of 200 meters (MP 31.6 to MP 30.8)(Messing et al. 2003). Following discussions with state and federal agencies (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – National Marine Fisheries Service, Environmental Protection Agency, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission), the qualitative and quantitative video and photographic survey was extended to document sea-bottom communities along OWNER’s proposed pipeline track from the eastern end of the previous shallow-water survey, at MP 31 all the way to MP 0—the boundary of the US/Bahamas EEZ. The area encompassed by the survey includes benthic habitats that could be affected by direct impact of the pipeline and activities associated with its deployment (including physical disturbance from construction vessels and by turbidity and sedimentation caused by installation activities). The scope of work (SOW) for this project was developed to follow the same methodological approach as in the SOW developed and approved for the Calypso LNG, LLC survey (Deep-Water Port Project) (Messing et al. 2006). V. PURPOSE The purpose of this benthic video survey is to locate, characterize, and determine the distribution of benthic marine communities along OWNER’s proposed pipeline route. This qualitative video and quantitative digital still photography survey will locate, characterize, and determine the areas of benthic communities that may be vulnerable to impact from OWNER’s proposed pipeline project. The results of this study will be incorporated into a report that will be submitted to FERC in order to satisfy CPCN Appendix A, Condition 20 and to other interested agencies.

8

The survey was conducted pursuant to MMS guidelines and regulations for assessment of impacts on marine resources and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWCC) “Guidelines for Conducting Offshore Benthic Surveys”.

VI. STUDY AREA

A. Physical Environment

The southeastern Florida continental shelf is part of an extensive subsiding carbonate platform that includes the Florida peninsula and west Florida shelf. The proposed pipeline crosses the northern end of the Miami Terrace, an elongated outcrop of partially buried phosphoritic limestone that extends from Key Largo to Boca Raton. The western extremity of the proposed survey line abuts the eastern end of the portion of the pipeline track surveyed by Messing et al. (2003), who found a chiefly unconsolidated bioturbated sediment bottom here interrupted by areas of small rubble and occasional large rocks. In 1970, Ballard and Uchupi (1971) crossed the eastern end of the pipeline track during a dive using the submersible Ben Franklin. At the western end of their dive, they reported a thin veneer of rippled sand grading first into an area of phosphoritic nodules in a carbonate sand matrix and then, with increasing depth to the east, massive phosphorite outcrops. The outer edge of the Terrace was continuous phosphorite and included steep ridges of 50 to >80 m relief with some near-vertical slopes, undercuts and slump blocks, as well as shallower steps. Based on submersible dives south of the pipeline route, Neumann and Ball (1970) using Aluminaut and Reet et al. (2005) using the Johnson Sea Link described the outer Terrace margin as a pair of north-south ridges with steep phosphoritic limestone escarpments with vertical relief reaching ~90 m. The OWNER’s pipeline survey area lies under the Gulf Stream, or Florida Current, which flows northerly at 3 knots or greater, while the bottom current often reverses and may flow southerly at up to 1 knot.

B. Biological Environment

No prior detailed biological survey has taken place along the pipeline track between MP31 and MP 0. To the immediate west of the segment of pipeline track proposed for this survey, Messing et al. (2003) found the following organisms in abundance below 122 m on unconsolidated substrates: Coronaster briareus (asteroid), several small to large cerianthid (burrowing) anemone species, sabellid polychaetes, a galatheid squat lobster (Munida sp.), and the flatfish Citharichthys arctifrons. Dense aggregations of ophiuroids were observed in 125-128 m only on the northernmost of seven survey lines (1000 ft north of the pipeline). Other less abundant identified taxa included the asteroid Sclerasterias sp., hermit crabs (unidentified species and Pylocheles sp.), the crabs Bathynectes longispina, Cancer borealis and Rochinia crassa, the bobtail squid Semirossia tenera, the fishes Scorpaena sp., Gymnothorax kolpos, Peristedion sp. and Benthobatis marcida. Rubble and rocks supported an epifauna of anemones (?Actinauge longicornis and other species), thecate hydroids, small solitary corals, sabellid polychaetes and a dense turf of small pale arborescent organisms (most likely either rhodophyte macroalgae or agglutinating foraminiferans). Ballard and Uchupi (1971) show two indistinct photographs of apparently barren phosphorite and sediment substrates (one with a wreckfish, Polyprion americanus). However, more recent submersible dives to the east along the upper Miami Terrace escarpment, have observed rich benthic communities including sponges, octocorals and deep-

9

water corals (J. Reed, personal observations). Recent trawling in the general vicinity of the pipeline track in 230 m retrieved bamboo coral (C. Messing, personal observations). At the base of the terrace escarpment south of the pipeline route, Neumann and Ball (1970) observed thickets of the deep-water corals Lophelia pertusa, Enallopsammia profunda and Madrepora oculata on depressions, sand ridges and mounds. Reed et al. (2005) reported that the attached macrofauna on the terrace rim included L. pertusa, Stylasteridae (lace corals), Isididae (bamboo corals) and a variety of sponges and other octocorals, as well as schools of jacks (Carangidae) and wreckfish (Polyprion americanus). In October 2005, Brooke, Reed and Messing (unpublished observations) found low mud mounds capped with thickets of the deep-sea coral Enallopsammia profunda in the general area of the pipeline track near the EEZ boundary. These thickets consisted of dead standing coral with few small live branches accompanied by epizoan sponges and octocorals.

VII. BACKGROUND INFORMATION The South Atlantic Fisheries Management Council (SAFMC), refers to hard bottom as a class of coral communities occurring in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions (SAFMC 1998). These communities lack the diversity, density and reef-building capabilities of other classes of coral communities, and are the most widespread of coral communities within the South Atlantic Bight (SAFMC 1998) to the north of the survey area. Hard bottom ranges from relatively flat low-relief surfaces (<0.5 m vertical relief) to several meters in relief. Hard bottom is sometimes referred to as live bottom due to the amount of living organisms attached to or inside these hard substrates. Note that in this context, coral includes non-accreting taxa such as octocorals and antipatharians (black corals) as well as stony corals and other taxa with solid calcareous skeletons. The Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (SEAMAP) deep-water mapping project of the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council (SAFMC) is in the process of documenting deep-water, hard-bottom habitat from existing data throughout the South Atlantic Bight and Strait of Florida (Arendt et al. 2003). The SEAMAP bottom mapping workgroup has defined deep-water hard bottom as including the following subcategories of habitat types: coral, rock rubble, coral rubble, exposed hard pavement, thinly covered hard substrate, and artificial structures. In addition, a “Special Habitats” category includes the subcategories of canyons, tilefish burrows, consolidated mud, methane seeps, sinkholes and coral banks. Although the SAFMC has not yet completed the deep-water coral component of SAFMC Fishery Ecosystem Plan, they define deep-water corals as including Scleractinia (stony corals), Octocorallia (gorgonians), Stylasteridae (lace corals), and Antipatharia (black corals). Table 1 lists deep-water colony-forming corals capable of forming complex 3-dimensional habitats in 200-2000 m off the southeastern United States (Blake Plateau to Strait of Florida). Table 2 lists additional sessile organisms that could indicate hard-bottom substrates in the same region. Sponges (Phylum Porifera, Classes Demospongiae and Hexactinellida) are the primary non-cnidarian group that also may contribute substantially to the 3-dimensional complexity of deep-water hard-bottom communities. Table 1. Deep-water colony-forming corals capable of forming complex 3-dimensional habitats in 200-2000 m off the southeastern United States (Blake Plateau to Strait of Florida). Common names are given in parentheses. Phylum Cnidaria

Subphylum Anthozoa Class Octocorallia (soft corals, gorgonians, sea pens) Order Alcyonacea 14 families

10

Family Coralliidae (precious corals) Family Chrysogorgiidae (gold corals) Family Isididae (bamboo corals) Family Paragorgiidae (bubblegum corals) Family Paramuriceidae Family Plexauridae Family Primnoidae

Family Ellisellidae Family Gorgoniidae

Class Hexacorallia (stony corals, anemones, black corals) Order Zoanthidea (colonial anemones) Family Parazoanthidae (Gerardia sp.) Order Antipatharia (black corals) Family Antipathidae Family Myriopathidae Family Schizopathidae Family Cladopathidae Family Leiopathidae Order Scleractinia (stony corals) Family Oculinidae (Madrepora oculata & M. carolinae) Family Caryophylliidae (Lophelia pertusa) Family Dendrophylliidae (Enallopsammia profunda) Family Pocilloporidae (Madracis spp.) Subphylum Medusozoa Class Hydrozoa Order Filifera Family Stylasteridae (lace corals)

Table 2. Sessile or semisessile organisms other than colonial corals that may indicate hard-bottom substrates in 200-2000 m off the southeastern United States (Blake Plateau to Strait of Florida). Phylum Porifera (sponges) Class Hexactinellida (glass sponges) Order Amphidiscosida Order Lyssacinosida Order Lychiniscosida Order Hexactinosida Class Demospongiae Order Astrophorida (5 families) Order Spirophorida (1 family) Order Lithistida (6 families)

Order Hadromerida (4 families) Order Halichondrida (2 families) Order Agelasida (1 family) Order Axinellida (6 families) Order Poecilosclerida (8 families) Order Haplosclerida (5 families) Order Dictyoceratida (2 families) Order Dendroceratida (1 family) Order Verongida (2 families)

Phylum Cnidaria

11

Subphylum Medusozoa Class Hydrozoa Order Leptothecata (thecate hydroids) Subphylum Anthozoa Class Octocorallia Order Alcyonacea (soft corals) Family Alcyoniidae

Family Nidaliidae Family Nephtheidae Family Anthothelidae Family Spongiodermatidae

Class Hexacorallia Order Scleractinia (solitary stony corals) Family Caryophylliidae (e.g., Paracyathus, Trochocyathus) Family Flabellidae (e.g., Javania) Family Guyniidae (e.g., Stenocyathus) Family Dendrophyliidae (e.g., Balanophyllia, Bathypsammia) Order Zoanthidea (zoanthids, colonial anemones) Several families Order Actiniaria (sea anemones) Numerous families in several orders

Sea pens (Order Pennatulacea) are colonial, often plume-like octocorals that, unlike most soft corals and gorgonians, typically anchor in unconsolidated sediments. However, like other octocorals, they are tall enough and may occur in great enough densities to generate complex 3-dimensional benthic habitat. They are included in the survey results. The productivity of hard-bottom communities varies depending upon environmental and physical factors including but not limited to depth, current, light penetration, reef topography, habitat availability and location. Areas of hard-bottom provide cover and foraging areas for many fish and invertebrates, including several commercially important species. The importance of hard-bottom to fisheries stocks has been recognized, and the SAFMC has designated all natural and artificial hard-bottom as Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) and/or Habitat Area of Particular Concern (HAPC).

12

VIII. METHODS

A. Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) The survey used the Television Observed Nautical Grappling System (TONGS), a deep-water heavy-lift underwater vehicle owned and operated by the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, South Florida Testing Facility (SFTF), Dania Beach, FL (Fig. 1). TONGS has a 10,000-ft operating depth, 10,000-lb lift capability, and can operate in currents in excess of 5 kt within a 1-yd radius on the seafloor for prolonged periods. Underwater position is determined using an ultra-short baseline acoustic tracking system integrated into a differential global positioning system (DGPS), which provides highly-accurate (±1 yd) georeferenced bottom positions. TONGS is equipped with 4 color cameras, multiple underwater lights, dual-frequency imaging and search sonar, altimeter and depth sensor. Two cameras are mounted to a pan-and-tilt unit to provide variable camera orientation. TONGS also has two thrusters for orientation and minor positional changes (±30 ft). All control, data, and video are multiplexed thru a fiber-optic telemetry system to the surface, providing wide bandwidth and high-quality video (William Baxley, SFTF, personal communication). For this survey, TONGS was equipped with a Kongsberg OE-1373 high-resolution video camera, OE11242 Flashgun and OE14208 Digital stills camera, the latter provided with a pair of scaling lasers spaced 8 cm apart. The survey was carried out aboard the NASA vessel Freedom Star (length 176 ft; beam 37 ft; draft 12 ft; displacement 1,052 tons).

Figure 1. Television Observed Nautical Grappling System (TONGS).

B. Survey Pattern The survey pattern consisted of a single initial continuous video transect along the entire pipeline route from MP 0 to MP31 (except for the segment already examined within the geohazards survey area for the DWP Project), plus two additional transects each 150 ft away from the pipeline track, one on either side, along those areas where hardbottom habitats or assemblages of biological

13

interest were observed during the pipeline route survey. Two additional 2000-ft north-south transects were run along areas of high biological interest to determine if gaps existed in the assemblages that might represent alternative pipeline routes: one along the crest of the Miami Terrace escarpment and one near the EEZ along the deep-water coral thickets habitat. Fig. 2 shows the surveyed portion of the Calypso LNG pipeline route.

Figure 2. Proposed Calypso U.S. Pipeline route with benthic video survey segment in red.

C. Data Collection The survey was conducted pursuant to United States Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service (MMS) guidelines and regulations for assessment of impacts on marine resources and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FFWCC) “Guidelines for Conducting Offshore Benthic Surveys” as modified by discussions with MMS representative Gary Goeke. As noted above, proposed methods the same as those used for the DWP Project and were outlined, adjusted and vetted by representatives of the following agencies during a meeting in West Palm Beach, FL, on 11 Apr 2006: U.S. Coast Guard, Army Corps of Engineers, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Minerals Management Service and NOAA Fisheries. Video was run continuously throughout the survey while the ROV was on the bottom (i.e., within 1-2 m of the seafloor. Still images (1-2 MB each) were taken at ~10-min intervals over sediment substrates. Over areas of biological interest on hard substrates, still images were taken repeatedly as soon as the strobe recycled and the ROV moved far enough to avoid overlapping exposures. Images were also taken of specific organisms on all substrates for identification purposes. We selected 7 sites for quantitative plan-view digital photography on the basis of their greater relief and apparent biological complexity and diversity relative to surrounding substrates. We planned to use ~100 images per site with satisfactory exposures for quantitative analyses, each series beginning on a habitat of high biological interest. However, in one case, only 84 images proved usable. At the

14

other 6 sites, we analyzed more than 100 images (104 to 146; see Table 3 below) so that each series ended with exposures showing habitats of biological interest, rather than ending with a series on empty sediment.

D. Data Analyses Following the surveys, video data were reviewed in the laboratory to confirm organism identifications as far as possible and to define biological zones and benthic habitats. Original field transcripts were summarized to produce habitat descriptions and identify transitions between habitats. Quantitative digital photographs were processed in the laboratory, e.g., to eliminate out-of-focus and excessively dark images and to improve image contrast when necessary. We used Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe)©, a proprietary software developed by the National Coral Reef Institute at the Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center. With this software, the user selects a rectangular region of each digital image of the sea floor for analysis. In this case, the selected area encompassed the full area of each photograph. The user then projects a series of random points onto the selected area of the image and identifies the organism or bottom type at each point according to a pre-selected list of categories (e.g., coral rubble, sediment-veneered hard bottom, unidentified sponge, Crinoidea, Primnoidae, Aphrocallistes sp.) available to the user via an on-screen menu. Because the CPCe software was developed for use in shallow-water habitats with high densities of organisms, the relatively low densities of benthic hard-bottom macrofauna anticipated in this study would have required an excessive number of random points, probably at least 100 per image, in order to accurately capture the diversity of organisms and reflect their densities and percent cover. As a result, following discussions with and agreement by agency representatives, images were subjected to a two-stage analysis. Each image was initially analyzed using CPCe software for percent substrate cover (e.g., hard-bottom, sediment-veneered hard-bottom, sediment) with organisms identified to general category (e.g., sponge, cnidarian, echinoderm) at a density of 50 points per image. Each image was then re-examined and all organisms larger than 3-4 cm enumerated and identified as specifically as possible (e.g., Capnella ?nigra, Phakellia sp., Isididae, anemone sp. 1, unidentified hexactinellid). Numbers of encrusting and small colonial organisms (e.g., hydroids, zoanthids) were approximated. Small organisms (<3-4 cm; e.g., ophiuroids, solitary corals, chitons) recognizable in still images were ranked by relative abundance classes (i.e., few, common, abundant) and were not included in quantitative analyses. Image area was calculated by converting image length and width in pixels to centimeters based on the number of pixels equivalent to the 8-cm laser scale. Organism densities per square meter (m-2) were calculated by extrapolating from the number of organisms in the image area. From the combination of videographic and still photographic data, we mapped habitat data onto ROV transect tracklines with attributes containing habitat classifications, substrate characteristics and important biological features. Because ROV-based habitat data closely tracked the distribution of bottom types generated by the refined geohazards sidescan and geophysical data taken during the DWP Project survey, we used these latter to interpolate the boundaries of hard bottom, unconsolidated sediment substrate and large-scale sedimentary features between transect lines within the geohazards survey area. Outside the geohazards survey area, where no geophysical data was available, we generated GIS habitat polygons from ROV-based data to approximate the distributions of major habitat types. After analysis of each image, the data were saved into an Excel database for

15

analyses of 1) raw percent composition and 2) percent composition per area for each quantitative photo site. Calculations excluded all points categorized as photo effects (i.e., shadow, laser).

E. Terminology General seafloor habitats are defined as follows. Hardbottoms are cemented or solid substrates that provide anchorage for sessile or semisessile organisms (e.g., stony corals, octocorals, most anemones and crinoids). These include various sizes of loose rocks (gravel, rubble, cobble, boulders, slabs), pavements, ledges, coral rubble and dead standing coral. Soft substrates are unconsolidated sediments. In most scientific publications, measurements are reported in metric units. However, in this report, parameters are reported in the units in which they were originally recorded (English or metric). For example, Mile Post units provided by INTEC Engineering, Inc., are in statute miles and bathymetric charts give depth contours in feet. Distance over bottom was reported by the ROV and ship’s crews in nautical miles. The depth readout overlay on the videotape is in feet, so that verbal and written indications of depth throughout field operations are in feet. However, vertical relief of bottom features, e.g., boulder, slab, was reported as low relief (<0.5 m) or moderate relief (0.5-1.0 m). No high-relief features (>1.0 m) were observed. These are relative terms and dependent on the size of features within an area. Estimates of size of benthic organisms and fishes are in centimeters, because the parallel scaling lasers on the ROV used by the observer to estimate size were 8 cm apart.

Conversion Table 1 meter = 3.28 feet 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 statute mile = 5280 ft or 1609 m 1 nautical mile = 6076 ft or 1852 m 1 knot = 50 cm sec-1

F. Summary of Survey Protocols 1) An ROV equipped with high-quality video and still cameras surveyed a series of transect lines along and adjacent to the proposed pipeline route totaling ~XX nm along the seafloor. 2) Underwater video images were viewed in real time on the support vessel by biologists familiar with the local deep-water fauna; images were collected and stored in digital format for analysis. 3) Series of still photographic images were taken concurrently with the video of hardbottom assemblages of potential biological interest; photographs were also taken at intervals of soft-bottom habitats and of specific organisms for identification purposes. 4) Field notes and video images were reviewed and summarized to identify habitats and fauna; these summaries were compiled in GIS format and used to produce a habitat map. 5) Series of still images were analyzed using CPCe software to determine relative cover of hard versus unconsolidated substrates in eight areas of biological interest. 6) Areas were calculated for the same images and all organisms larger than 3-4 cm were enumerated; the resulting data were combined to produce density measurements of hard-bottom macrofauna in the eight areas of biological interest.

G. QA/QC Decisions on all habitat identifications and transitions between habitats were finalized by the Principal Investigator following reviews of field transcripts, videotapes and DVDs copied from

16

original videotapes. Identifications of organisms in photographs were made either by the P.I. or by graduate students trained by the P.I. Of the latter, those showing hard-bottom habitats with octocorals and sponges were reviewed by the P.I. for accuracy.

H. Personnel

Charles G. Messing – chief scientist, Nova Southeastern University (NSU) John K. Reed – scientist, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution Bethany Basten – field assistant, NSU Jessica Freeman – field assistant, NSU Melissa Phillips – field assistant, NSU Brian Walker – GIS analyst, NSU Vanessa Brinkhuis – photo analyst, NSU Stephanie Rogers – photo analyst, NSU

17

IX. RESULTS We identified ten habitat types: low- and high-cover hard bottoms, moderate- and high-relief hardbottoms, coral rubble, dead standing coral, coral (specifically deep-water colonial scleractinians: Lophelia pertusa, Enallopsammia profunda and Madrepora oculata), sediment, tilefish burrows and pennatulids. We also noted the apparent shallowest and deepest occurrences of the deep-sea golden crab Chaceon fenneri and the deep-sea blind lobster Acanthacaris caeca. Although a continuum exists in exposed hard bottom from small bits of rubble <10 cm across isolated on unconsolidated sediment substrates to extensive areas of low- to moderate relief outcrops, boulders, slabs and pavements, we have followed SEAMAP guidelines in distinguishing two hard-bottom habitats based on a combination of the nature and extent of the exposed hard substrates and the associated attached macrofauna. We have also distinguished moderate- and high-relief hardbottoms as distinct subsets of the high-cover hard-bottom habitat type (see below).

A. Fauna

1. Shallow soft-bottom fauna (~600-1100 ft) Appendix 1 lists all taxa identified on all substrates. Echinoderms, crustaceans and cnidarians dominate the macrofauna on unconsolidated sediment substrates west of the Miami Terrace escarpment, although many of the mobile forms also occur on low-relief hard bottoms. As reported in the DWP Project report, the commonest forms were the orange, multi-armed asteroid Coronaster briareus (Fig. 3A), small galatheid crustaceans (squat lobsters), and a sea anemone tentatively identified as Actinauge longicornis (Fig. 3B). This species lives on sediment substrates by surrounding a bolus of mud with its pedal disk; it also clings to hard substrates and is particularly common on scattered low-relief rubble and small outcrop exposures. Several unidentified species of burrowing anemones (Ceriantharia) were also observed but were never as common as recorded in the previous benthic video survey along the pipeline route to the west of the geohazards survey area (Messing et al. 2003). Chiefly isolated individuals of an unidentified pennatulid up to ~0.5 m tall were observed along the eastern portions of several transects at depths >900 ft (Fig. 3E). A cidaroid urchin (probably Cidaris rugosa) (Fig. 3C) was common and widespread below 750 ft, and ophiuroids were locally abundant chiefly below 850 ft. Other echinoderms included several sea stars (probably including Sclerasterias sp. and Astropecten sp.) and the urchin Echinus affinis. The small (<5 cm) symmetrical hermit crab Pylocheles sp. was sometimes common in deeper water, and isolated typical paguroid hermit crabs were also occasionally observed. Widespread larger decapod crustaceans included the crabs Bathynectes longispina (Portunidae) (Fig. 3D), Cancer borealis (Cancridae) and Rochinia crassa (Majidae). Flat sediment substrates were often characterized by often dense populations of what appear to be numerous small slightly projecting tubes (perhaps sabellid polychaetes, which have been trawled in this general area)—described as “textured” in Messing et al. (2003). In deeper water but still west of the Terrace margin, flat bottoms supported populations of unidentified “tufts”—either 1-2-cm bushy growths or 1-3-cm tall stalks with a cluster of fine radiating filaments that arise from the upper half of the stalk (Fig. 7D, E). These organisms might represent worm tubes with epifauna or, perhaps, agglutinating foraminiferans, bryozoans or hydroids.

18

Figure 3. Shallow soft-bottom fauna. A. Coronaster briareus (Asteroidea: Asteriidae); B. Anemone on sediment; C. Cidaris rugosa (Echinoidea: Cidaridae); D. Bathynectes longispina (Brachyura: Portunidae); E. Unidentified sea pen (Octocorallia: Pennatulacea); F. Blind torpedo Benthobatis marcida (Torpedinidae). Images A-D and F are from the DWP Report (Messing et al. 2006). Fishes included the blind torpedo Benthobatis marcida (Narcinidae)(Fig. 3F), Gulf Stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons (Paralichthyidae), unidentified scorpionfishes (Scorpaenidae), at least one skate (Rajidae), an armored searobin Peristedion sp. (Peristediidae), blueline tilefish Caulolatilus microps (chiefly burrows) (Malacanthidae), and a variety of small eels and small unidentified fishes (<8 cm long)(the latter possibly including shortnose greeneye, Chlorophthalmus agassizi [Chlorophthalmidae]). One great northern tilefish Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps (Malacanthidae) was also observed.

2. Deep soft-bottom fauna (~1400-2570 ft) Crustaceans dominated open sediment habitats in deep water below the Terrace escarpment and included a variety of often common caridean shrimps (including Glyphocrangon and

19

?Nematocarcinus sp.) (Fig. 4A), occasional golden crabs (Chaceon fenneri) (Fig. 4B) and galatheids, the latter excavating large bowl-shaped depressions (Fig. 4C). C. fenneri was observed between 1451 (possibly somewhat shallower) and 2319 ft. The large blind nephropid lobster, Acanthacaris caeca (Fig. 4E) was often common below ~1900 ft where it excavated characteristic large crater tunnels, with a broad crater-like entrance ramp leading to a short narrow tunnel with a smaller exit opening. A few giant isopods, Bathynomus giganteus, were also observed. The commonest echinoderms were large pancake urchins (Echinothuridae, probably Araeosoma fenestratum and fewer possible A. belli) (Fig. 4F) with ophiuroids common in some areas and rare comatulid crinoids (possibly Atelecrinus balanoides). Solitary orange scleractinian cup corals were also common in some areas as was a small pennatulid (possibly Virgularia sp) (Fig. 4G). Delicate small branched fan-like colonies observed on sediments among coral thickets may have been bryozoans (Fig. 4D).

Figure 4. Deep soft-bottom fauna. A. Glyphocrangon sp. (Caridea: Glyphocrangonidae); B. golden crab Chaceon fenneri (Brachyura: Geryonidae); C. squat lobster (Anomura: Chirostylidae); D. unidentified bryozoans; E. Acanthacaris caeca (Astacidea: Nephropidae); F. pancake urchin Araeosoma ?belli (Echinoidea: Echinothuridae); G. sea pen ?Virgularia sp. (Octocorallia: Pennatulacea) and solitary corals (Scleractinia).

20

Bottom-associated fishes included unidentified eels (possibly Synaphobranchidae and other families) (Fig. 5A), spiny eel (Notacanthidae), tripod fish Bathypterois sp. (Ipnopidae), armored sea robins Peristedion sp., frogmouth or gaper Chaunax pictus (Chaunacidae) (Fig. 5B), rattails probably including Nezumia sp. (Fig. 5C) and Coelorhynchus sp. (Macrouridae), shortnose greeneye Chlorophthalmus agassizi (Fig. 5D), blind torpedo Benthobatis marcida (Fig. 3F), skates (Rajidae) (Fig. 5E) and small sharks (Scyliorhinidae) (Fig. 5F).

Figure 5. Deep soft-bottom fishes. A. Unidentified eel; B. sea toad or gaper Chaunax pictus (Chaunacidae); C. rattail Nezumia sp. (Macrouridae); D. shortnose greeneye Chlorophthalmus agassizi (Chlorophthalmidae); E. unidentified skate (Rajidae); F. catshark (Scyliorhinidae).

3. Shallow hard-bottom fauna (~690-1100 ft)

21

A variety of sponges, including both hexactinellid glass sponges and demosponges, and cnidarians dominated the sessile fauna on hard substrates on the relatively flat upper surface of the Miami Terrace, with many of the characteristic species extending out to and part way down the Terrace escarpment. A few taxa, notably Phakellia sp. fan sponges (Axinellidae) (Fig. 6A), extended into much deeper water. However, several species exist that may each have more restricted depth ranges; they could not be distinguished from video or still images. Hexactinellids included Aphrocallistes sp. (Fig. 6B), Farrea sp. and unidentified species. Demosponges included lithistid cup sponges (e.g., Corallistes sp.) and unidentified representatives of the families Pachastrellidae (Fig. 6C), Geodiidae and Petrosiidae. Some spherical astrophorid demosponges (Fig. 6E) could not be identified to family. A large pale pyriform geodiid (Fig. 6D) was consistently the most massive sessile organism encountered. Hydrozoan cnidarians were represented by a variety of small bushy or pinnate, chiefly thecate hydroids and a few small lace corals. Anthozoans included Actiniaria (sea anemones) (Figs. 6A, F), Zoanthidea (zoanthids, colonial anemones) (Fig. 6I), Antipatharia (black corals) and Octocorallia (soft corals, gorgonians, sea pens). The only stony corals observed were small solitary azooxanthellate cup corals (≤2 cm). As noted above, the anemone ?Actinauge longicornis was particularly common on scattered low-relief rubble and small outcrop exposures (Figure 8H). In addition to ?A. longicornis, we observed the Venus flytrap anemone (Hormathiidae) and several unidentified taxa (e.g., white with a pink mouth, large pale with white clavate tentacle tips, large orange) (Fig. 6A, F), which were common to abundant on high-cover hard substrates. Zoanthids included at least one species that formed thin encrusting sheets (to ~30 cm long) with projecting polyps, chiefly along edges of rocks and slabs (Figure 6I). Antipatharians were generally not common and most have not been identified. Field notes initially misidentified hydroids as antipatharians in some cases due to similar pinnate branching patterns of some taxa in both groups. Among octocorals, a small soft coral, probably Capnella nigra (Fig. 6G), was widespread on a variety of hard substrates, including sediment-veneered pavement, scattered low-relief rubble, and larger irregular outcrops, blocks, slabs and pavements. The gorgonian fauna was dominated by a bamboo coral (Isididae, probably Isidella sp.) (Fig. 6B) and a tall white sea plume (Primnoidae, probably Callogorgia americana) (Fig. 6H). Colonies of these two organisms sometimes exceeded 50 cm in height and were typically the two tallest organisms encountered on hard substrates. Smaller fans belonging to the Paramuriceidae were uncommon. A species of spoon worm (Echiura, probably Bonelliidae) often occurred in abundance, with its sausage-shaped body hidden below the seafloor, perhaps in a rock crevice, and its slender elongated Y-tipped greenish proboscis (up to ~1 m in length) along the sediment (Fig. 6I0. Among the more mobile organisms, echinoderms included sea urchins and asteroids (other than Coronaster briareus) also found on sediment, abundant small reddish ophiuroids and a small psolid sea cucumber (Holothuroidea). Mollusks included occasional trochid gastropods (Calliostoma sp.). Though not directly associated with hard substrates, antedonid crinoids (feather stars) and euryalous ophiuroids (snake stars, probably Asteroschema sp.) were observed clinging among branches of isidid and primnoid octocorals (Fig. 6H). The commonest fish typically associated with hard substrates was the blacktail codling Laemonema melanurum (Moridae) (Fig. 7B). Others included blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Sebastidae) (Fig. 7A), and unidentified scorpionfishes (Scorpaenidae). A single possible grouper was seen diving into a rock hole.

22

Figure 6. Shallow hard-bottom fauna. A. Fan sponge Phakellia sp. (Axinellidae), flytrap anemone (Hormathiidae) and pink-lipped anemone; B. glass sponge Aphrocallistes sp. and bamboo coral Isidella sp. (Isididae); demosponges (left, Pachastrellidae; white cup, Lithistidae); D. demosponge (Geodiidae); E. demosponge (Astrophorida); F. unidentified

23

anemones; G. soft coral Capnella nigra (Nephtheidae); H. sea plume Callogorgia americana (Primnoidae); I. colonial anemone (Zoanthidea, arrow), Cidaris rugosa and spoon worm (Echiura, bottom). Images B-D, F, H from DWP report (Messing et al. 2006).

24

Figure 7. Hardbottom fishes. A. Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Sebastidae); B. Blacktail codling Laemonema melanurum (Moridae). Images from DWP Report (Messing et al. 2006).

4. Deep hard-bottom fauna (~1100-1725 ft) Deep-water colonial azooxanthellate corals were observed in two survey areas. Thickets of Enallopsammia profunda consisting chiefly of dead standing coral (and surrounding coral rubble) with at most a few small living branches per thicket (Fig. 8A) occurred on sediment mounds between MP 0 and MP 1 in 2535-2570 ft. A few isolated colonies of Lophelia pertusa (Fig. 8B) and one of Madrepora oculata (Fig. 8C) were seen near the base of the terrace in 1550 to possibly 1668 ft, although scattered coral rubble was observed among sediment and rocky substrates as deep as ~1725 ft between MP 13 and MP 16.

Figure 8. A. Deep-water colonial azooxanthellate scleractinian corals. A. Enallopsammia profunda—dead standing coral with a few living (white) branches; B. Lophelia pertusa—dead thicket (no images of living colonies); C. Madrepora oculata—small living colony.

25

Organisms associated with hard substrates east of the Miami Terrace generally occurred on both coral (rubble and dead standing) and non-coral (rubble, cobble, boulder, outcrop, pavement) hard substrates and included a variety of hexactinellid sponges (e.g., Heterotella sp., Farrea sp.) (Fig. 9A), demosponges (e.g., Phakellia sp., Desmacellidae, Pachastrellidae) (Fig. 9B); the soft coral Anthomastus sp. (Alcyoniidae) (Fig. 9B); primnoid (Plumarella sp.) (Fig. 9C), isidid (Keratoisis flexibilis) (Fig. 9E) and plexaurid (Eunicella sp.) (Fig. 9F) octocorals, and several anemones (including Hormathiidae) and small antipatharians (Fig. 9G). The stalked hexactinellid Hyalonema sp. (Fig. 9D) normally anchors in unconsolidated sediment. However, most specimens were observed in association with coral rubble or gravel bottoms. All had their stalks covered with an orange colonial anemone Epizoanthus sp.; in many cases the sponge body was missing and only the zoanthid-covered stalk was present.

Figure 9. Deep hard-bottom fauna. A. glass sponge Farrea sp. (Hexactinellida); B. blue sponge (Desmacellidae); C. Plumarella sp. (Octocorallia: Primnoidae); D. stalked glass sponge Hyalonema sp. (Hexactinellida) with orange zoanthids on its stalk, and red soft coral Anthomastus sp. (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae) (upper right); E. bamboo coral Keratoisis flexibilis (Octocorallia: Isididae); E. Eunicella sp. (Octocorallia: Plexauridae).

26

Mobile invertebrates and fishes were primarily the same as on deep sediment substrates with the addition of comatulid crinoids (Antedonidae) (Fig. 9H), blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Sebastidae) and blackfin codling Laemonema melanurum (Moridae).

Figure 9. Deep hard-bottom fauna—continued. G. Black coral (Antipatharia) with numerous burrowing brittlestars (Ophiuroidea); H. featherstar (Crinoidea: Antedonidae); I. lace corals (Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae); J. Novodinia sp. (Asteroidea: Brisingidae); K. lace corals (Stylasteridae) along edge of ledge; L. basketstar Gorgonocephalus arcticus (Ophiuroidea: Gorgonocephalidae) and sea star (Asteroidea: Goniasteridae) with sponge and lace coral on edge of ledge. Other than scleractinian corals, many of the preceding organisms also occurred on at least the lower reaches of the complex, moderate- to high-relief substrates of the Miami Terrace escarpment. Additional sponges included unidentified demosponges belonging to the families Geodiidae, Raspailliidae, Lithistidae and Spongosoritidae as well as Phakellia sp., desmacellids, pachastrellids and hexactinellids. Among cnidarians, the soft coral Anthomastus sp., the isidid bamboo coral Keratoisis flexibilis, and the primnoid Plumarella sp. disappeared as depth decreased, while other confamilials appeared: Capnella nigra above ~1050 ft (sometimes

27

abundantly), Isidella sp. above ~1115 ft (usually in clusters) and Callogorgia americana above ~1000 ft.. Several species of stylasterid lace corals were also locally abundant (Fig. 9I). Mobile organisms included a variety of asteroids (e.g., Brisingidae, Tosia parva, Plinthaster sp. and other unidentified Goniasteridae) (Fig. 9J, L), ophiuroids, crinoids, the squat lobster Eumunida picta (Chirostylidae), and golden crab (Chaceon fenneri—perhaps as shallow as 1340 ft). Small scyliorhinid sharks were common at the base of the Terrace in one area. Vertical faces of ledges and escarpments and sides of large blocks sometimes supported crowded assemblages of shelf-like sponges (e.g., Lithistidae, Pachastrellidae), stylasterid lace corals (Fig. 9K), primnoid octocorals and hydroids with clinging comatulid crinoids (Antedonidae) and euryalous ophiuroids (Asteroporpa annulata, Gorgonocephalus arcticus) (Fig. 9L).

B. Habitat categories 1. Sediment substrates – Unconsolidated mud or sand substrates. Most of the seafloor observed along the ROV transects consisted of obsolete rippled muddy sand (Figure 10B) alternating with areas of flat bioturbated sediment characterized by scattered small low mounds, depressions and small tubes or tufts (Figure 10A, C), described above. In many areas, the rippled sediment formed low “platforms” elevated ~10-30 cm above flat bioturbated areas. In deeper water below the Terrace escarpment, smooth sediments exhibit several bioturbation features different than those in shallower water, particularly bowl-shaped depressions dug by galatheid crustaceans and surrounded by fine excavated gravel (Fig. 4C), and short tunnels with a ramp-like entrance crater at one end and a narrower escape opening at the other excavated by the blind lobster Acanthacaris caeca (Fig. 4E). Some sediment substrates among coral thickets near the EEZ were characterized by small irregular lumps, sometimes darker than the surrounding sediment and of uncertain origin. Orange dots in the habitat map each represent an individual bit of rubble, small rock (chiefly <30 cm across) or small (<1 m2) low-relief patch of exposed hard bottom isolated on otherwise unconsolidated sediment substrates.

Figure 10. Sediment substrates. A. Smooth weakly bioturbated, textured (with small tubes); B. Border between lineated (above) and obsolete rippled sediment (below); C. Smooth weakly bioturbated, with unidentified tufts.

28

Such islets of hard substrate were either barren of macrofauna or supported small hydroid colonies or sea anemones. None of these isolated hard substrates were large or extensive enough to qualify as hard-bottom habitat under agency guidelines. 2. Low-cover hard bottom – Scattered clusters of gravel, rubble (to ~10 cm) (Fig. 11A) small rocks (chiefly to 30 cm) or limited partly buried outcrops (Fig. 11B), often in patches a few meters across, sometimes in more extensive fields, and separated by expanses of sediment, occasionally accompanied by a few low-relief rocks up to 0.8 m across and rare veneered slabs or pavements to ~1 m across. Isolated small rubble or rocks are mapped as dots on otherwise unconsolidated sediments. In most cases, this substrate supports a low-richness fauna of anemones, zoanthids, nephtheid soft corals (probably Capnella nigra) and hydroids. A few areas supporting greater and more complex macrofaunal richness, e.g., isidid or primnoid octocorals and sponges, have been treated as high-cover hard bottom (see below) despite the relatively sparse available hard bottom.

Figure 11. A-B. Low-cover hardbottom. A. Scattered black and white rubble; B. partly buried low-relief outcrop. C-D. High-cover hardbottom. C. Crowded rubble. D. Low-relief eroded outcrop.

29

3. High-cover hard bottom – Low- to moderate-relief hardbottom characterized by phosphoritic limestone outcrops, slabs and pavements, the latter up to several meters across, with varying amounts of rubble and small to large rocks, often in patches separated by expanses of sediment and intermixed with low- or high-cover hard-bottom areas of scattered rubble, small rocks and outcrops (Fig. 11C, D, 12A). 4. Moderate-relief hard bottom – A subset of high-cover hardbottom, this habitat appeared chiefly on the Miami Terrace escarpment and was characterized by irregular eroded outcrops, boulders, slabs and pavements with the dominant vertical relief from ~0.5 to 2 m (Fig. 12C). 5. High-relief hard bottom – A subset of high-cover hard bottom and restricted to the Terrace escarpment. Consisted of ledges, steep slopes and escarpments—abrupt vertical and near-vertical hard substrates with generally greater than 1-m relief and reaching 20 m, including sharp and often projecting vertical edges of pavements and slabs, boulder-strewn or irregular cemented karstic slopes, often with sediment areas with rocks and boulders at their bases (Fig. 12B, D).

Figure 12. A. Low-relief jointed pavement on escarpment between high-relief ledges. B. Side of high-relief ledge with projecting lace corals (Stylasteridae). C. Moderate-relief outcrops and boulders. D. Steep sediment and boulder-strewn slope just below figure 12B (projecting lace corals visible at top).

30

6. Tilefish burrows – We observed a single great northern tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) (26°09.4874’N, 79°56.82803’W; 894 ft). Six additional observations were recorded as possible tilefish burrows but were eliminated upon review of videotapes. They consisted of rubble piles or small burrows under the sides of slabs or pavements on densely rubbly or slab, boulder and pavement hardbottoms, two in 1335-1390 ft and four in 1550-1597 ft. No fishes were observed in association with any of them, and similar rubble piles were observed that were clearly not biogenically produced. 7. Pennatulids – Most observations of one or a few individuals of the large species (Figure 3E) have been mapped as purple dots on the habitat map. A few areas have been mapped as continuous pennatulid habitat (purple line) to reflect the repeated appearance of these organisms. However, individuals were typically widely scattered with a maximum of four visible in the same video frame only once. Almost all specimens were observed in 930 ft or greater, 8. Coral rubble –Small skeletal debris (Fig. 13A)—twigs and small branches of colonial azooxanthellate stony corals (Scleractinia) ranging from sparse (Fig. 13B), with scattered bit exposed on the sediment surface or partly buried, to dense (Fig. 13C), with broken branches forming a continuous carpet that in some areas appeared to be at least partly cemented as an irregular pavement. 9. Dead standing coral – At least partly intact skeletal remains of colonial azooxanthellate stony corals (Scleractinia) more or less in life position and projecting as individual colonies or thickets above the surrounding substrate (Fig. 13D). 10. Coral – Individual colonies or thickets of colonial azooxanthellate stony corals with at least a few recognizably living branches (Fig. 8). In the great majority of cases of this and entirely dead standing coral, the colonies or thickets were surrounded by areas of coral rubble. Both living and dead thickets typically occurred on mounds of accumulated coral skeletal debris and sediment.

C. Transect Habitat Summary This section summarizes habitats observed on the transect along the pipeline route by milepost, beginning with MP 0 and moving westward. With the exceptions of some of the most common benthic invertebrates, tilefish, blind lobster and golden crab, mobile macrofaunal invertebrates and fishes have generally not been included in the habitat summary, because the majority occurred as widely scattered individuals throughout the survey area. MP 0-1 Thickets & mounds of the colonial azooxanthellate stony coral Enallopsammia profunda, up to 100% bottom cover, 0-10% living, vertical relief 0.3-4.5 m, in ridges up to 50 m across, separated by areas of dense to sparse coral rubble and flat or rippled sediment; with sponges, octocorals. Some areas of lumpy sediment—possibly with buried coral rubble—but no attached fauna. A few small isolated areas of barren rock rubble. MP 1-11

31

Alternating flat bioturbated sediment and obsolete rippled sediment; flat sediment becoming textured with tiny tubes above ~2530 ft; chiefly barren; bioturbation decreasing above 2500 ft; Acanthacaris caeca, numerous shrimps and galatheids, Chaceon fenneri.

Figure 13. Coral sediment substrates. A. Close-up of coral rubble. B. Sparse coral rubble, probably Lophelia pertusa. C. Dense coral rubble, probably Lophelia pertusa. D. Standing dead thicket of Enallopsammia profunda. MP 12 Fine sediment with small mounds, burrows, Acanthacaris crater tunnels; scattered patches of coral rubble (first appearing as fine irregularities in sediment) with occasional small sponge & octocoral,

32

separated by expanses of smooth bioturbated sediment with Acanthacaris. Fine gravel or rubble around galatheid craters. Solitary corals common above 1880 ft. MP 13-15 Fine gravel and/or coral rubble becoming abundant, but still partly buried veneer; still largely barren of attached fauna; few to no open sediment areas; galatheid craters. Above 1670 ft, dense phosphoritic limestone gravel with rocks & cobbles to 30 cm, and a few patches with slabs to 0. 5 m or more extensive pavement; alternating with areas of chiefly coral rubble and small patches of dead standing coral; chiefly barren with rare to scattered Nephtheidae, Primnoidae, Isididae (Keratoisis), anemones and sponges (chiefly Phakellia); macrofauna sometimes clustered. A few small living colonies of Lophelia pertusa in ~1550-1600 ft. MP 16-17 Fine gravel disappears, replaced by rock rubble, becoming mixture of chiefly low- to moderate-relief slabs and jointed pavements up to ~2 m across with scattered rubble, cobbles and boulders to ~1 m across; pavements densely knobby in places; partly buried or veneered knobby pavements appear as rubble fields; separated by expanses of smooth, textured or obsolete rippled sediment; chiefly barren, with occasional anemone, golden crab, one tilefish burrow, and Phakellia (above 1300 ft). Pavement becoming eroded above 1210 ft. In 1150 ft, low- to moderate-relief irregular eroded and jointed pavements with occasional ledges and areas of moderate- to high-relief boulders and eroded outcrops appear; scattered pachastrellid and lithistid sponges with crinoids, Phakellia, and sparse to numerous small stylasterids; Isididae (Isidella) and Geodiidae above 1120 ft; Capnella nigra (Nephtheidae) above 1040 ft. A steep irregular escarpment ~6 m vertical relief appears in 1040-1050 ft with a jumbled boulder/slab field and obsolete rippled sediment below and separated by low- to moderate-relief jointed pavements and eroded outcrops. MP 18 Widely variable hard substrates from scattered low-relief outcrops and rubble on sediment through moderate-relief pavement, slabs, veneered knobby pavement, outcrops and boulders, to high-relief eroded outcrops, jumbled boulders, massive jointed blocks, slabs and pavements, stepped ledges and a steep irregular escarpment of ~10 m vertical relief (up to ~20 m along the north flanking transect); sometimes numerous Capnella nigra on the upper surfaces of slabs and pavements and sponges and stylasterids especially along edges. MP 19-21 Chiefly low- to moderate-relief exposed and partly buried pavement, slabs and eroded outcrops alternating with scattered rubble, cobbles, areas of empty sediment and small areas of low-relief exposed and partly buried pavement, slabs and outcrops; with scattered Phakellia, pachastrellid and other sponges, Isididae (Isidella sp.), Capnella nigra and anemones. Groups of pennatulids were seen on sediment among hard substrates. MP 22-26 Chiefly narrow ribbons or patches of low-relief eroded outcrops and partly buried pavements with rubble and cobbles separated by wide expanses of smooth, weakly bioturbated and tufted sediment or obsolete rippled sediment, and scattered local areas of more extensive low- to moderate-relief partly buried outcrops, pavements, larger slabs or boulders (to ~1.0 m); sponges, nephtheids, anemones and Isididae (Isidella sp.) on hard substrates. Pennatulids were observed

33

on sediment substrates between MP22 and MP 23 in >920 ft. One great northern tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) was seen between MP 24 and MP 25 on the southern transect. The description of this segment refers to the northern and southern flanking transects. The segment along the pipeline route was carried out during the DWP Project benthic video survey and reported similar habitats and fauna (Messing et al. 2006). Macrofauna includes sponges, Capnella nigra, anemones, and isidid (Isidella sp.) and primnoid (Callogorgia americana) octocorals; anemones and hydroids often dominate on smaller or isolated low-relief substrates. MP 27-31 Chiefly flat bioturbated sediment alternating with obsolete rippled sediment, with isolated small patches of chiefly barren rock rubble; one isolated cluster of low rocks to 0.5 m across includes several dead shallow-water hermatypic coral heads (possibly Montastraea cavernosa and Diploria sp.) in 717 ft (between MP 30 and MP 29), with anemones and hydroids.

D. Transect habitat summary for pipeline route BVS transect EW2 (extracted from DWP Project Final Report)

EW2 – West to East (Western portion) 26º 08.606’N, 80º 00.309’W to 26º 09.243’N, 79º 58.035’W; depth range 752-840 ft. Flat bioturbated sediment (mounds, burrows) with small tubes and fine tufts alternating with raised areas of obsolete rippled sediment. Common macrofauna include C. briareus, ophiuroids and galatheids; cidaroid urchins appeared at 768 ft. 26º 09.243’N, 79º 58.035’W to 26º 09.462’N, 79º 57.414’W; depth range 840-847 ft. Abundant to scattered 10-20-cm rubble, small and large rocks (rarely to 1 m), low-relief slabs and irregular outcrops separated by expanses of sediment. Hard-bottom organisms include sponges (e.g., Aphrocallistes sp., Phakellia sp.), hydroids, octocorals (Nephtheidae, Primnoidae, Isididae), anemones and echiurans. Organisms on sediment substrates include Coronaster briareus and at least one other asteroid species (perhaps Sclerasterias sp.). The transect was halted and the ROV lifted off bottom at 26º 09.462’N, 79º 57.414’W to proceed to the eastern end of EW2 and work back to the west because of deteriorating sea conditions. EW2 – East to West (Eastern portion) 26º 09.978’N, 79º 54.193’W to 26º 09.899’N, 79º 54.811’W; depth range 925-970 ft Rubble, rocks (8-30 cm), boulders, some slabs, pavement and veneered hard bottom; relief chiefly 1-2 ft (up to 3 ft); some expanses of sediment. Hard-bottom organisms include various sponges (e.g., hexactinellids, Phakellia sp., pachastrellids), flytrap anemone, Isididae, Primnoidae, numerous anemones and ?C. nigra on small rubble, and a spiral whip antipatharian (Stichopathes luetkeni). A few pennatulids were observed on sediment substrates between hard-bottom areas. We observed hard-bottom habitats along a small portion of this transect where the geohazards sidescan data showed smooth bottom. 26º 09.899’N, 79º 54.811’W to 26º 09.766’N, 79º 55.985’W; depth range 964-970 ft. Obsolete rippled sediment with a few scattered pennatulids, anemones and one or two isolated bits of rubble (5-10 cm). 26º 09.766’N, 79º 55.985’W to 26º 09.677’N, 79º 56.289’W; depth range 939-912 ft.

34

Chiefly scattered low-relief hard bottom – rubble, 10-30-cm rocks and slabs separated by sediment expanses. Organisms include a few hexactinellid and other sponges, anemones, flytrap anemone, ?C. nigra, hydroids, one isidid octocoral and cidaroids. 26º 09.677’N, 79º 56.289’W to 26º 09.650’N, 79º 56.407’W; depth 914 ft. Small area of more extensive hard bottom – low-relief pavement, with flytrap anemone, sponge, Isididae and cidaroid urchin. 26º 09.650’N, 79º 56.407’W to 26º 09.648’N, 79º 56.419’W; depth 916 ft. Sediment bottom with a few small rocks. 26º 09.648’N, 79º 56.419’W to 26º 09.572’N, 79º 56.717’W; depth range 916-908 ft. Flat sparsely bioturbated sediment with no ripples. Organisms include a few cidaroids and an asteroid. 26º 09.572’N, 79º 56.717’W to 26º 09.547’N, 79º 56.846’W; depth range 907-904 ft. Flat sediment with tiny tufts, with two small isolated areas of hard bottom – a small area with low-relief rocks and slabs to 1 m across, and another with a few widely isolated small rocks & rubble. Organisms are restricted to anemones, hydroids and ?C. nigra. A large manmade object, possibly the hull of a small boat was noted off camera. Depths were not written down at the very end of this tape and the very beginning of the following tape, and the microphone had stopped working, which accounts for the gap in depth between this segment and the next. 26º 09.547’N, 79º 56.846’W to 26º 09.273’N, 79º 57.872’W; depth range 896-838 ft. Low-relief, sediment-veneered irregular outcrops, slabs and pavements up to a few meters across and up to ~0.3 m high with 10-20-cm rubble, larger cobbles and small boulders, separated by expanses of sparsely bioturbated sediment with fine tufts. Organisms include pachastrellids sponges, anemones, hydroids, Isididae and Primnoidae. 26º 09.273’N, 79º 57.872’W to 26º 09.260’N, 79º 57.918’W; depth 845 ft. Flat, sparsely bioturbated sediment.

E. Quantitative Data Table 3 summarizes the locality and image data for the seven quantitative still photographic transects plus the three sites taken along the pipeline route during the Deep Water Port Project benthic video survey (transect EW2, sites 5-7). The first five sites in the current survey were located along the pipeline route; the sixth and seventh were along the southern and northern flanking transects in areas of biological interest. Table 4 lists percent cover by major substrate type and taxonomic group for all ten sites. Figure 14 illustrates the same information, with coral habitats separated as living coral, standing dead coral and coral rubble; all other organisms have been combined. Sites 1 and 2 were located at the extreme eastern end of the survey line between Mileposts 0 and 1 in the habitat characterized by thickets of dead standing and living Enallopsammia profunda. As a reflection of the scattered nature of the coral habitat, approximately 78-80% of points fell on soft substrate (sediment), while 10-11% and less than 1% fell on standing dead coral and living coral, respectively. Both sites exhibited more anthropogenic debris than any

35

other sites—chiefly aluminum drink cans, which could roll along the seafloor, fetch up and accumulate against coral thickets. The 0.1% of cover attributed to coral rubble at site 3 was due to skeletal debris derived from isidid bamboo corals, while the 0.01% of coral rubble at site 5 was stylasterid lace coral skeletal debris. Hard substrates dominate at sites 3-5, with coverage ranging from 71 to 84%. Coral rubble (probably derived from Lophelia pertusa) accounted for 32% of cover at site 4. Despite recognition as areas of biological interest, sites 6 and 7 were dominated by sediment substrates (60-70 % of cover). The other important groups of organisms—non-coral Anthozoans (e.g., octocorals, anemones, zoanthids), sponges and echinoderms accounted for at most <2% of cover. Their actual densities are calculated separately. The three DWP sites differed somewhat in that hard substrates accounted for a greater percent of bottom cover (94-95%) at DWP6 and DWP7 than at any of the current survey sites (max. 84%) (Figure 15). Also, non-corals contributed more to percent cover in the CPCe count at DWP site 7 (3.87%) than at any of the current survey sites (max. 2.81%). In terms of proportions of hard versus soft substrates, DWP site 5 most closely resembled current survey site 3, and DWP sites 6 and 7 most closely approached current survey site 5. Table 3. Locality and image data for quantitative still photographic sites. The Milepost and direction of travel are given in column three, so that, for example, site 1 was occupied between MP 0 and MP1 as the survey proceeded westward. Data are also given for the three quantitative photo series taken along the pipeline route (transect EW2) during the Deep Water Port Project benthic video survey Site Date Milepost LatDD LonDD Position Image No. Number Time

26.2382833300 -79.5609666700 Start 2878 1801 1 11 May 0-W 26.2356700000 -79.5661773330 End 3001 1845 26.2356419370 -79.5663108740 Start 3002 1848 2 11 May 0-W 26.2344918330 -79.5716976670 End 3121 1924 26.1834435000 -79.8299293330 Start 2969 2216 3 12 May 17-W 26.1800981670 -79.8434645000 End 3072 2330 26.1914515000 -79.7774896670 Start 2809 1731 4 12 May 13-15W 26.1898518330 -79.8017433330 End 2933 1942 26.1803008330 -79.8444063330 Start 3118 0021 5 13 May 18-W 26.1794208330 -79.8495015000 End 3263 0100 26.1648405870 -79.9084450060 Start 3986 2013 6 13 May S-23/22E 26.1658990000 -79.8969715000 End 4074 2046 26.1687208330 -79.8828465000 Start 5590 1929 7 14 May N-20/21W 26.1666863330 -79.8972623330 End 5709 2048

26.15405000 -79.96725000 Start 2330 0200 DWP5 17 Apr 26 End 2411 0222

26.16630000 -79.90321667 Start 2412 0354 DWP6 17 Apr 22-23 26.16556667 -79.90768333 End 2533 0420 26.16276667 -79.93308333 Start 2538 0516 DWP7 17 Apr 24-26 26.15455000 -79.96453333 End 2654 0641

36

Table 4. CPCe analysis of percentage substrate cover. Numbers of frames and total numbers of points analyzed, and percentages of substrate types and major faunal groups per photo series are given. Debris refers to non-indigenous materials, either natural or artificial (e.g., mats of Sargassum weed, plastic, aluminum cans, fishing line). The table omits the few non-data points that fell in shadows.

Site Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DWP5 DWP6 DWP7

Milepost 0-W 0-W 17-W 13-

15W 18-W S22-23E

N20-21W 26 22-23 24-26

Number of images 124 120 104 125 146 89 120 82 122 117

Total points 6200 6000 5200 6250 7300 4450 6000 4098 5998 5798

MAJOR CATEGORY (%)

Soft substrate 80.59 78.20 27.71 23.93 13.50 70.58 60.06 37.93 3.29 0.02 Hard substrate 1.45 0.33 70.91 43.24 83.68 26.93 38.43 58.28 94.36 95.32 Coral Rubble 5.20 10.02 0.10 31.88 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Dead Standing Coral 11.42 10.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Living Coral 0.32 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other Anthozoa 0.18 0.02 0.08 0.68 0.70 1.69 0.81 1.29 1.47 1.59 Hydrozoa 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.30 0.04 0.10 0.29 0.20 0.85 Porifera 0.42 0.30 0.52 0.08 0.32 0.63 0.40 0.15 0.20 0.26 Echiura 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.68 0.20 0.86 Crustacea 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.07 Echinodermata 0.00 0.02 0.52 0.06 1.47 0.07 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.09 Chordata 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.05

Debris 0.39 0.60 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.07 1.17 0.15 0.81

Unidentified (DWP only) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.09

TOTALS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Figure 14. CPCe analysis of percentage substrate cover, excluding shadows. The hard substrate category includes all forms of exposed limestone—rubble, larger rocks, solid outcrops and pavements.

37

Figure 15. CPCe analysis of percentage substrate cover, excluding shadows, for the three quantitative sites (5-7) taken along the pipeline route (EW2) during the Deep Water Port Project benthic video survey. The hard substrate category includes all forms of exposed limestone—rubble, larger rocks, solid outcrops and pavements. Hard corals and coral rubble (Scleractinia) were not encountered. Table 5 lists counts and densities of individual organisms in CPC analysis images, including mobile, sessile and semi-sessile organisms. Mobile organisms (e.g., echinoderms, mollusks, crustaceans, fishes) chiefly occurred at extremely low densities (e.g., <0.05 individual m-2). Only a few groups ever approach 1.0 individual m-2: cidaroid (pencil) urchins—0.90 m-2 at site 5; holothuroids (psolid sea cucumbers)—0.35 at site 5, and echiuran spoon worms—0.56 at site 7. Attached and sessile or semi-sessile organisms dominated the benthic hardbottom assemblages at the still quantitative photographic sites. Figure 16 shows the percent contributions of the major taxonomic groups of these organisms—sponges and cnidarians—to total organism densities. At sites 1 and 2, scleractinian corals—branches and twigs of Enallopsammia profunda growing on thickets of dead standing coral—accounted for 21-22% of the attached fauna, but only occur at densities of ~0.6-0.8 individual colonies m-2. This coral together with hexactinellid sponges and stylasterid lace corals accounted for 59-61% of total organism density. The remaining sites were dominated by different combinations of sponges and cnidarian. Demosponges and stylasterids dominated site 3; soft corals (the alcyoniid Anthomastus sp. and nephtheid Capnella nigra) and gorgonians (Primnoidae and Isididae) dominated site 4; stylasterids and soft corals dominated site 5; anemones, soft corals and zoanthids controlled site 6, and site 7 exhibited no dominance by any group. Maximum densities recorded by major groups were: anemones ( and corallimorphs)—2.27 m-2; soft corals (alcyoniids and nephtheids)—1.93 m-2; zoanthids—1.50 m-2; stylasterids—1.43 m-2; demosponges—1.15 m-2; hexactinellids—0.77 m-2, and scleractinian corals—0.75 m-2. Anemones and corallimorphs dominated the three DWP sites along the pipeline route (Figure 17) (39-45%), followed by nephtheid soft corals at DWP5 and 7 (24-26%) or zoanthids (18%) at DWP6. Sponges (demosponges and hexactinellids combined) and gorgonians (Isididae and Primnoidae) accounted for at most 12% (DWP6) and 7% (DWP5), respectively. In terms of general proportions of major sessile and semi-sessile groups, the three DWP sites most closely approached site 6 in the current survey. Tables 6 and 7 lists counts and densities of individual organisms in CPC analysis images for the three DWP sites along the pipeline route; Table 6 includes all organisms; Table 7 lists only sessile and semi-sessile taxa (Porifera, Cnidaria and some Echinodermata),

38

Figure 16. Percent contributions of major taxonomic groups of sessile and semi-sessile, habitat-forming, hard-bottom organisms to total organism densities at quantitative still photographic sites. Other cnidarians include antipatharians, unidentified octocorals, pennatulids, cerianthids and hydroids.

Figure 17. Percent contributions of major taxonomic groups of sessile and semi-sessile, habitat-forming, hard-bottom organisms to total organism densities at the three quantitative photo sites (5-7) taken along the pipeline route (EW2) during the Deep Water Port Project benthic video survey. Other cnidarians include antipatharians and pennatulids. Hydroids were not enumerated. Anemones and corallimorphs were labeled together as Actiniaria; the only soft corals were Nephtheidae, and Porifera (sponges) were not separated into demosponges and hexactinellids in the DWP report.

39

X. POTENTIAL IMPACTS The FFWCC “Guidelines for Conducting Offshore Benthic Surveys” indicates that reports should “quantify the potential acreage of each substrate and habitat type that would be directly and indirectly impacted by the proposed projects.” We have not incorporated such estimates for the following reasons. Calculations of the extent of turbidity clouds and potential burial of hard substrates by construction activities are dependent upon flow velocity and direction at the time of construction and are beyond the scope of work of this project. The areas of hard substrate identified and mapped during this survey consist of complex, irregularly-distributed combinations of high and low hard-cover habitats interspersed with expanses of sediment. Simple use of the geohazards sidescan data mapped as hard substrate will overestimate actual hard-bottom habitat acreage.

40

Table 5. Counts and densities of individual organisms in CPC analysis images. Most recognizable taxa have been listed separately . No. Sp. = number of specimens. Densities (D) were calculated as numbers of a taxonomic group in the total area of the photo series. % = percent contribution of each group to the total density of the site. Scleractinia(*) refers to azooxanthellate branching stony corals of the genera Enallopsammia, Lophelia and Madrepora. Solitary corals, which are chiefly <2cm across, have not been included.

Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Site 7 No. D No. D No. D No. D No. D No. D No. D

TAXON Sp. (m-2) % Sp. (m-2) % Sp. (m-2) % Sp. (m-2) % Sp. (m-2) % Sp. (m-2) % Sp. (m-2) %

PORIFERA Unidentified Demospongiae 7 0.06 2.17 8 0.06 1.81 92 0.64 26.59 3 0.01 2.44 34 0.29 5.28 17 0.17 2.18 110 0.82 9.95 Desmacellidae 16 0.14 4.95 18 0.14 4.08 0 0.00 0.00 3 0.01 2.44 3 0.03 0.47 1 0.01 0.13 3 0.02 0.27 Lithistida 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.01 0.58 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Pachastrellidae 2 0.02 0.62 1 0.01 0.23 7 0.05 2.02 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 3 0.03 0.39 11 0.08 1.00 Geodiidae 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 3 0.02 0.87 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.02 0.31 1 0.01 0.13 5 0.04 0.45 Phakellia sp. 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 9 0.06 2.60 3 0.01 2.44 0 0.00 0.00 35 0.36 4.49 23 0.17 2.08 Astrophorida 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.09

Unidentified Hexactinellida 43 0.38 13.31 73 0.56 16.55 7 0.05 2.02 1 0.00 0.81 12 0.10 1.86 21 0.22 2.70 33 0.25 2.99 Aphrocallistes sp. 3 0.03 0.93 28 0.21 6.35 1 0.01 0.29 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.16 8 0.08 1.03 0 0.00 0.00 Heterotella sp. 4 0.04 1.24 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Hyalonema sp. 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.00 0.81 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 CNIDARIA 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Anemone 1 Pink lips 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.29 1 0.00 0.81 17 0.14 2.64 39 0.40 5.01 40 0.30 3.62 Anemone 2 Actinauge? 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.09 Anemone 3 maroon rim 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 111 1.14 14.25 46 0.34 4.16 Anemone 5 Koosh ball 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 4 0.03 1.16 0 0.00 0.00 8 0.07 1.24 30 0.31 3.85 11 0.08 1.00 Hormathiidae 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 7 0.07 0.90 12 0.09 1.09 Corallimorpharia 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.02 0.45 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.01 1.63 8 0.07 1.24 18 0.18 2.31 41 0.31 3.71 Unidentified Anemone 8 0.07 2.48 7 0.05 1.59 9 0.06 2.60 4 0.02 3.25 12 0.10 1.86 16 0.16 2.05 69 0.52 6.24 Primnoidae 2 0.02 0.62 3 0.02 0.68 2 0.01 0.58 2 0.01 1.63 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.01 0.18 Isididae 3 0.03 0.93 1 0.01 0.23 5 0.03 1.45 22 0.08 17.89 0 0.00 0.00 8 0.08 1.03 33 0.25 2.99 Capnella nigra 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.23 3 0.02 0.87 25 0.10 20.33 152 1.28 23.60 188 1.93 24.13 63 0.47 5.70

41

Anthomastus sp. 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 9 0.03 7.32 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Pennatulacea 3 0.03 0.93 3 0.02 0.68 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.02 0.26 1 0.01 0.09 Unidentified Octocoral 3 0.03 0.93 1 0.01 0.23 0 0.00 0.00 8 0.03 6.50 2 0.02 0.31 7 0.07 0.90 32 0.24 2.90 Zoanthidea 3 0.03 0.93 7 0.05 1.59 0 0.00 0.00 10 0.04 8.13 0 0.00 0.00 146 1.50 18.74 175 1.31 15.84 Scleractinia* 67 0.59 20.74 98 0.75 22.22 1 0.01 0.29 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.16 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.01 0.18 Antipatharia 2 0.02 0.62 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.29 3 0.01 2.44 1 0.01 0.16 0 0.00 0.00 14 0.10 1.27 Ceriantharia 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 4 0.03 1.16 0 0.00 0.00 9 0.08 1.40 0 0.00 0.00 3 0.02 0.27 Stylasteridae 74 0.66 22.91 70 0.54 15.87 142 0.99 41.04 0 0.00 0.00 171 1.43 26.55 42 0.43 5.39 83 0.62 7.51 Hydroids 9 0.08 2.79 4 0.03 0.91 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.16 15 0.15 1.93 112 0.84 10.14

ECHINODERMATA 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Asteroidea 1 0.01 0.31 1 0.01 0.23 1 0.01 0.29 0 0.00 0.00 13 0.11 2.02 2 0.02 0.26 6 0.04 0.54 Goniasteridae 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.01 0.58 1 0.00 0.81 1 0.01 0.16 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Euryalid snake star 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.13 2 0.01 0.18 Cidaridae 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.02 0.45 4 0.03 1.16 0 0.00 0.00 107 0.90 16.61 9 0.09 1.16 21 0.16 1.90 Echinothuridae 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.02 0.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Echinus affinis 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.04 0.51 0 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Echinoidea 1 0.01 0.31 1 0.01 0.23 2 0.01 0.58 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.16 0 0.00 0.00 5 0.04 0.45 Holothuroidea 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 42 0.35 6.52 7 0.07 0.90 27 0.20 2.44 Crinoidea 3 0.03 0.93 1 0.01 0.23 22 0.15 6.36 1 0.00 0.81 7 0.06 1.09 2 0.02 0.26 1 0.01 0.09 ECHIURA 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Echiura 3 0.03 0.93 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.29 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.02 0.31 17 0.17 2.18 75 0.56 6.79

CRUSTACEA 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Galatheoidea 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.00 0.81 1 0.01 0.16 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Rochinia crassa 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 3 0.02 0.87 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Bathynectes longispina 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.01 0.18 Paguroidea 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.23 1 0.01 0.29 0 0.00 0.00 3 0.03 0.47 3 0.03 0.39 21 0.16 1.90 Shrimp 0 0.00 0.00 3 0.02 0.68 1 0.01 0.29 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.16 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Crustacea 1 0.01 0.31 4 0.03 0.91 1 0.01 0.29 1 0.00 0.81 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.09

ANNELIDA 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Annelida 0 0.00 0.00 7 0.05 1.59 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.13 7 0.05 0.63 MOLLUSCA 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

42

Gastropoda 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.23 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 7 0.06 1.09 1 0.01 0.13 1 0.01 0.09 Bivalvia 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.09 Polyplacophora 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.29 0 0.00 0.00 7 0.06 1.09 3 0.03 0.39 2 0.01 0.18

CHELICERATA 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Pycnogonid 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.16 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

BRYOZOA 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Bryozoa 62 0.55 19.20 0 0.69 20.41 4 0.03 1.16 11 0.04 8.94 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 VERTEBRATA 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Lamonema melanurum 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 3 0.02 0.87 1 0.00 0.81 1 0.01 0.16 7 0.07 0.90 5 0.04 0.45 Scorpaenidae 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.29 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.13 0 0.00 0.00 Eels 1 0.01 0.31 2 0.02 0.45 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Sharks 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 4 0.03 1.16 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Rajiformes 1 0.01 0.31 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.13 0 0.00 0.00 Other fishes 1 0.01 0.31 1 0.01 0.23 2 0.01 0.58 8 0.03 6.50 16 0.13 2.48 1 0.01 0.13 1 0.01 0.09

UNKNOWN 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.01 1.63 0 0.00 0.00 4 0.04 0.51 1 0.01 0.09

TOTAL 323 2.86 100 351 3.37 100 346 2.41 100 123 0.47 100 644 5.40 100 776 8.00 100 1105 8.27 100

TOTAL AREA (m2) 112.9 130.7 143.4 261.1 119.2 97.4 133.6

43

Table 6. Counts and densities of individual organisms in CPC analysis images for the three quantitative photo sites taken along the pipeline route during the Deep Water Port Survey (sites 5-7 along transect EW2). Abbreviations as in Table 5. Actiniaria includes both sea anemones (Actiniaria) and corallimorphs (Corallimorpharia), which were not differentiated during the earlier survey. Several groups have not been distinguished to family or genus in this table due chiefly to infrequent occurrence (e.g., most gorgonians listed here are Isididae).

SITE 5 (EW 2) SITE 6 (EW 2) SITE 7 (EW 2) Images 2330-2411 Images 2412-2533 Images 2538-2654

TAXON No. Sp.

D (m-

2) % No. Sp.

D (m-

2) % No. Sp.

D (m-

2) %

PORIFERA Hexactinellida 15 0.12 2.41 25 0.14 3.57 27 0.16 2.64 Unid. Demospongiae 35 0.27 5.62 25 0.14 3.57 31 0.19 3.03 Phakellia sp. 2 0.02 0.32 17 0.09 2.43 3 0.02 0.29 Lithistids 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.29 0 0.00 0.00 Pachastrellidae 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.01 0.00 6 0.04 0.59 Geodiidae 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 CNIDARIA Gorgonians 33 0.26 5.30 36 0.20 5.14 45 0.27 4.40 Nephtheidae 107 0.83 17.17 64 0.35 9.14 180 1.10 17.61 Pennatulacea 0 0.00 0.00 6 0.03 0.86 0 0.00 0.00 Actiniaria 199 1.55 31.94 261 1.43 37.29 271 1.66 26.52 Antipatharia 1 0.01 0.16 2 0.01 0.29 0 0.00 0.00 Zoanthidea 21 0.16 3.37 101 0.55 14.43 41 0.25 4.01 Ceriantharia 25 0.19 4.01 4 0.02 0.57 62 0.38 6.07 Stylasteridae 8 0.06 1.28 25 0.14 3.57 22 0.13 2.15 ECHINODERMATA Asteroidea 5 0.04 0.80 2 0.01 0.29 6 0.04 0.59 Echinoidea 11 0.09 1.77 19 0.10 2.71 10 0.06 0.98 Holothuroidea 1 0.01 0.16 3 0.02 0.43 11 0.07 1.08 Crinoidea 2 0.02 0.32 1 0.01 0.14 8 0.05 0.78 ECHIURA Echiura 141 1.10 22.63 80 0.44 11.43 259 1.58 25.34 CRUSTACEA Galatheoidea 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 3 0.02 0.29 Paguroidea 2 0.02 0.32 2 0.01 0.29 2 0.01 0.20 Brachyura 0 0.00 0.00 1 0.01 0.14 3 0.02 0.29 Caridea 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 ANNELIDA Polychaeta 5 0.04 0.80 2 0.01 0.29 2 0.01 0.20 MOLLUSCA Gastropoda 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.01 0.29 3 0.02 0.29 Polyplacophora 0 0.00 0.00 3 0.02 0.43 2 0.01 0.20 CHORDATA Laemonema 7 0.05 1.12 15 0.08 2.14 21 0.13 2.05 Scorpaenidae 3 0.02 0.48 2 0.01 0.29 4 0.02 0.39 Paralichthyidae 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Rajiformes 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Other fish 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

TOTAL 623 4.84 100.00 700 3.85 100.00 1022 6.24 100.00 TOTAL AREA (m2) 128.71 182.04 163.66

44

Table 7. Counts and densities of individual sessile and semi-sessile organisms in CPC analysis images for the three quantitative photo sites taken along the pipeline route during the Deep Water Port Survey (sites 5-7 along transect EW2). Abbreviations as in Tables 5 and 6.

SITE 5 (EW 2) SITE 6 (EW 2) SITE 7 (EW 2) Images 2330-2411 Images 2412-2533 Images 2538-2654 TAXON

No. Sp.

D (m-2) %

No. Sp.

D (m-2) %

No. Sp.

D (m-2) %

PORIFERA Hexactinellida 15 0.12 3.30 25 0.14 4.36 27 0.16 3.81 Unid. Demospongiae 35 0.27 7.71 25 0.14 4.36 31 0.19 4.37 Phakellia sp. 2 0.02 0.44 17 0.09 2.96 3 0.02 0.42 Lithistida 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 Pachastrellidae 0 0.00 0.00 2 0.01 0.35 6 0.04 0.85 Geodiidae 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 CNIDARIA Gorgonians 33 0.26 7.27 36 0.20 6.27 45 0.27 6.35 Nephtheidae 107 0.83 23.57 64 0.35 11.15 180 1.10 25.39 Pennatulacea 0 0.00 0.00 6 0.03 1.05 0 0.00 0.00 Actiniaria 199 1.55 43.83 261 1.43 45.47 271 1.66 38.22 Antipatharia 1 0.01 0.22 2 0.01 0.35 0 0.00 0.00 Zoanthidea 21 0.16 4.63 101 0.55 17.60 41 0.25 5.78 Ceriantharia 25 0.19 5.51 4 0.02 0.70 62 0.38 8.74 Stylasteridae 8 0.06 1.76 25 0.14 4.36 22 0.13 3.10 ECHINODERMATA Holothuroidea 1 0.01 0.22 3 0.02 0.52 11 0.07 1.55 Crinoidea 2 0.02 0.44 1 0.01 0.17 8 0.05 1.13 ANNELIDA Polychaeta 5 0.04 1.10 2 0.01 0.35 2 0.01 0.28

TOTAL 454 3.53 100 574 3.15 100 709 4.33 100 TOTAL AREA (m2) 128.71 182.04 163.66

45

XI. REFERENCES Arendt, M., C. Barans, G. Sedberry, R. Van Dolah, J. Reed, and S. Ross. 2003. Summary of

seafloor mapping and benthic sampling in 200-2000m from North Carolina through Florida, final report, deep-water habitat mapping project, phase II. South Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources, Charleston, S.C., 156 p.

Ballard, R. and E. Uchupi. 1971. Geological observations of the Miami Terrace from the submersible Ben Franklin. Marine Tech. Soc. J. 5: 43-48.

Messing, C.G., Moyer, R., Gilliam, D.S., Walker, B.K., Dodge, R.E. & Shaul, R. 2003. Deep-water biological habitat survey report for the Tractebel Calypso natural gas pipeline: extension of existing survey to 200 m depth. Submitted to: Roger W. Gunther, M.S., Ecological Services Program Manager, URS Corporation, 700 S. Royal Poinciana Blvd, Suite 1000, Miami Springs, Florida 33166

Messing, C.G., Walker, B. Dodge, R.E. and Reed, J.K. 2006. Calypso LNG Deepwater Port Project, Florida: Marine Benthic Video Survey, Final Report. Submitted to Ecology and Environment, Inc. & SUEZ Energy North America, Inc. 45 pp. + appendices.

Neumann, A.C. and Ball, M.M. 1970. Submersible observations in the Straits of Florida: geology and bottom currents. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 81:2861-2874.

Reed, J.K., Pomponi, S.A., Weaver, D., Paull, C.K. and Wright, A.E. 2005. Deep-water sinkholes and bioherms of South Florida and the Pourtalès Terrace—Habitat and Fauna. Bull. Mar. Sci. 77(2):267-296.

46

XII. APPENDIX LIST Appendix 1. List of taxa identified during the benthic video survey. Rare species may not appear in

habitat summaries or quantitative analyses.[APPENDED] Appendix 2. DWP benthic habitat map based on a combination of the benthic video survey along

transect lines and refined sidescan data from the geohazards survey. Hatched GIS habitat polygons represent interpolations between transect lines north of the geohazards survey area. Arrowhead indicate the direction in which major transects were run. Transect EW6 was split due to sea conditions with the western half run west to east and the eastern half run east to west.

Appendix 3A. GIS database summary for habitat map – transitions between habitats. Latitudes and

longitudes indicate beginning position for each habitat description. Colors correspond to habitat lines, areas and polygons in the habitat map above. [APPENDED]

Appendix 3B. GIS database summary for habitat map – points representing isolated observations

(e.g., individual pieces of rubble or rock on otherwise sediment bottoms; pennatulids). [APPENDED]

Appendix 4. GIS datafiles. Appendix 5. Benthic video survey ROV transect logs. Abbreviations of names, substrates and

habitats have been expanded (e.g., cor to Coronaster, ob RS to obsolete rippled sediment). Highlighted cells indicate initial post-cruise habitat designations. Colors parallel those used in the habitat map (tan = low cover hard bottom, gold = high cover hard bottom, light blue = large-scale sediment features, lavender = pennatulids, green = tilefish burrow). Some were modified following review of videotapes.

47

Appendix 1. Species list. PORIFERA Hexactinellida Aphrocallistidae Aphrocallistes sp. Farreidae Farrea sp. Euplectellidae Heterotella sp. Hyalonematidae Hyalonema sp. Unidentified species Demospongiae Astrophorida Geodiidae Unidentified geodiid Pachastrellidae Pachastrella sp. Unidentified astrophorids Chondrosida Vetulinidae Vetulina sp. Unidentified lithistids Poecilosclerida Desmacellidae Unidentified desmacellid Raspailiidae Unidentified raspailliid Halichondrida Axinellidae Phakellia sp. Haploscleridae Petrosiidae Unidentified petrosiids Halichondriidae Spongosorites sp. Unidentified demosponges CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Leptothecata Plumulariidae Unidentified plumulariids Stylasteridae Unidentified stylasterids Unidentified thecate hydroids

Anthozoa Octocorallia Alcyonacea Alcyoniidae Anthomastus sp. Isididae Isidella sp. Keratoisis flexibilis Nephtheidae Capnella nigra Paramuriceidae Unidentified paramuriceid Plexauridae Eunicella sp. Primnoidae Callogorgia americana Plumarella sp. Pennatulacea Unidentified pennatulid ?Virgularia sp. Hexacorallia Actiniaria Hormathiidae Unidentified hormathiid Sagartiidae Unident. Sagartiid (pink lips) Anemone sp. (Actinauge longicornis?) Anemone sp. (purple rim) Anemone sp. (Koosh ball) Zoanthidea Epizoanthus sp. Unidentified zoanthids Corallimorpharia ?Corallimorphus sp. Scleractinia Dendrophylliidae Enallopsammia profunda Caryophylliidae Lophelia pertusa Oculinidae Madrepora oculata Unidentified solitary corals Ceriantharia Unidentified cerianthids Antipatharia

48

Antipathidae Stichopathes luetkeni Antipatharian sp. 1 Antipatharian sp. 2 Antipatharian sp. 3 MOLLUSCA Gastropoda Prosobranchia Trochidae Calliostoma sp. Volutidae Scaphella sp. (hermit crabs) Cephalopoda Sepiolida Sepiolidae ?Semirossia tenera Octopoda Unidentified cirrate octopod Polyplacophora Unidentified chiton Bivalvia Pectinidae Unidentified scallop ECHIURA Unidentified echiuran (Bonellidae?) ANNELIDA Polychaeta Canalipalpata Sabellidae Unidentified sabellid Serpulidae Unidentified serpulid CRUSTACEA Decapoda Penaeidea Unidentified penaeid Caridea Glyphocrangonidae Glyphocrangon sp. ?Nematocarcinidae ?Nematocarcinus sp. Unidentified shrimps Astacidea Nephropidae Acanthacaris caeca Anomura Chirostylidae

Eumunida picta Eumunida sp. Galatheidae Unidentified galatheids Paguridae Unidentified pagurids Pylochelidae ?Pylopagurus sp. Brachyura Cancridae Cancer borealis Geryonidae Chaceon fenneri Pisidae Rochinia crassa Portunidae Bathynectes longispina Unidentified crabs CHELICERATA Pycnogonida Unidentified pycnogonid ECHINODERMATA Crinoidea Comatulida Antedonidae Unidentified feather stars Ophiuroidea Gorgonocephalidae Asteroporpa annulata Gorgonocephalus arcticus Asteroschematidae Asteroschema sp. Unidentified ophiuroids Asteroidea Asteriidae Coronaster briareus Astropectinidae Astropecten sp. Benthopectinidae Benthopecten sp. Brisingidae Novodinia antillensis Goniasteridae Plinthaster sp. Tosia parva Unidentified goniasterid Pterasteridae

49

?Pteraster sp. Echinoidea Cidaridae Cidaris rugosa Echinothuridae Araeosoma ?belli Araeosoma fenestratum Echinidae Echinus affinis Unidentified echinoids Holothuroidea Psolidae ?Psolus tuberculatus CHORDATA Chondrichthyes Narcinidae Benthobatis marcida Rajidae Fenneraja sp. Unidentified rajid Scyliorhinidae ?Galeus arae Osteichthyes Chaunacidae Chaunax pictus Chaunax suttkusi Chlorophthalmidae Chlorophthalmus agassizi Ipnopidae Bathypterois sp. Macrouridae ?Coelorhynchus sp. Nezumia sp. Moridae Laemonema melanurum Notacanthidae Unidentified notacanthid Ogcocephalidae Dibranchus atlanticus Paralichthyidae Citharichthys arctifrons Peristediidae Peristedion sp. Scorpaenidae Unidentified scorpaenid Sebastidae

Helicolenus dactylopterus Serranidae Anthias nicholsi Xiphiidae Xiphias gladius Unidentified eels

50

Appendix 3A. GIS database summary for habitat map – transitions between habitats.

NO. LatDM LonDM LatDD LonDD Transect Tape No. Time

Depth (ft)

Habitat Descriptor Habitat Descriptions

1 26 07.304 80 02.357 26.12173333 -80.03928333 31E 1 414 620 Sediment Bioturbated sediment with Coronaster, anemones

2 26 7.950 80 1.252 26.13250000 -80.02086667 30E 3 646 717 Low Cover Hardbottom

Isolated clusters of low rocks to 0.5 m across; some appear to be dead hermatypic coral heads; with anemones and hydroids

3 26 7.953 80 1.205 26.13255000 -80.02008333 30E 3 652 721 Sediment

Sparsely bioturbated sediment with Coronaster, anemones, some areas of small tubes; alternating areas of obsolete rippled sediment and flat bioturbated sediment below 760 ft

4 26 9.236 79 58.102 26.15393333 -79.96836667 27E 8 1140 835 Sediment

END OF THIS SEGMENT; alternating areas of obsolete rippled sediment and flat bioturbated sediment

5 26 14.297 79 33.658 26.23828333 -79.56096667 0-W 8 1801 2553 Coral

Thickets & mounds of Enallopsammia profunda coral, up to 100% bottom cover, 0-10% living, vertical relief 0.3-4.5 m, in ridges up to 50 m across, separated by areas of dense to sparse coral rubble

6 26 14.2583 79 33.9331 26.23763833 -79.56555167 0-W 9 1900 2560 Sparse

coral rubble Sediment with some areas of very sparse coral rubble; no attached fauna

7 26 14.0909 79 34.1555 26.23484833 -79.56925833 0-W 9 1906 2560 Standing

dead coral

Thickets & mounds of E. profunda coral to 1.5 m high with standing dead coral to 0.6 m tall, to ~18 m across; mixed with areas of coral rubble; sponges

8 26 14.0925 79 34.1772 26.23487500 -79.56962000 0-W 9 1911 2560 Sparse

coral rubble Sediment with some areas of very sparse coral rubble; no attached fauna

9 26 14.3373 79 34.1199 26.23895500 -79.56866500 0-W 9 1915 2560 Low Cover Hardbottom Rock cobbles 10-20cm, sparse sponges, no coral

10 26 14.0816 79 34.2333 26.23469333 -79.57055500 0-W 9 1917 2566 Coral rubble

Numerous reef targets on sonar with large reef to south; flat sediment & coral rubble on camera;

11 26 14.0708 79 34.2463 26.23451333 -79.57077167 0-W 9 1919 2560 Standing

dead coral

Thickets & mounds of E. profunda coral to 3 m high with standing dead coral to 0.6 m tall; mixed with areas of coral rubble and flat and rippled sediment; sponges

12 26 14.0702 79 34.2990 26.23450333 -79.57165000 0-W 9 1924 2560 Sparse

coral rubble

Lumpy sediment probably with sparse chiefly buried coral rubble alternating with rippled sediment; virtually no attached fauna.

13 26 14.02475 79 34.50528 26.23374583 -79.57508800 0-W 10 2000 2560 Sparse

coral rubble

END 0-W; Lumpy sediment probably with sparse chiefly buried coral rubble alternating with rippled sediment; virtually no attached fauna; no hard targets on sonar.

14 26 14.033 79 34.655 26.23388333 -79.57758333 1-W 10 2003 2560 Sediment

Alternating flat bioturbated sediment and obsolete rippled sediment; flat sediment becoming textured with tiny tubes above ~2530 ft; chiefly barren; bioturbation decreasing above 2500 ft; shrimps, echinothurids

51

15 26 13.685 79 35.728 26.22808333 -79.59546667 1-W 11 2130 2502 Sediment

Flat textured sediment with little bioturbation; ripples disappearing; chiefly barren with shrimp, echinothurids, anemones

17 26 11.43815 79 45.1486 26.19063583 -79.75247667 12-W 22 1028 1844 Sparse

coral rubble

Fine sediment with small mounds, burrows, Acanthacaris crater tunnels; scattered patches of coral rubble with occasional small sponge & octocoral, separated by expanses of bioturbated sediment with Acanthacaris.

18 26 11.41049 79 46.50809 26.19017483 -79.77513483 13-W 23 1216 1716 Coral rubble

Fine gravel and/or coral rubble becoming abundant, but still partly buried veneer; still largely barren of attached fauna; few to no open sediment areas; galatheid craters

19 26 11.49021 79 46.90909 26.19150350 -79.78181817 24 1754 1671 Low Cover Hardbottom Chiefly fine barren, partly buried rock gravel

20 26 11.48136 79 46.96509 26.19135600 -79.78275150 14-W 25 1800 1657 Standing

dead coral

Few scattered small areas of standing dead coral (<15 cm) on increasingly dense coral rubble, with scattered small primnoid and nephtheid octocorals, zoanthids, sponges

21 26 11.45477 79 47.50209 26.19091283 -79.79170150 14-W 26 1846 1615 High cover hardbottom

Dense phosphoritic limestone gravel bottom with rocks & cobbles to 30 cm, with a few larger slabs; almost barren with occasional Nephtheidae, Isididae, anemones and sponges.

22 26 11.45853 79 47.58016 26.19097550 -79.79300267 14-W 26 1853 1610 Standing

dead coral

Dense coral rubble with small areas of low dead standing coral (<20 cm), with occasional sponges and octocorals (sometimes in small clusters)

23 26 11.46408 79 47.60658 26.19106800 -79.79344300 14-W 26 1855 1608 High cover hardbottom

Dense phosphoritic limestone gravel bottom with rocks & cobbles to 30 cm, with a few larger slabs; almost barren with occasional Nephtheidae, Isididae, anemones and sponges.

24 26 11.46829 79 47.64886 26.19113817 -79.79414767 14-W 26 1858 1608 Standing

dead coral

Dense phosphoritic limestone gravel bottom with rocks & cobbles to 30 cm, and a few patches with slabs to 0. 5 m or more extensive pavement; alternating with areas of chiefly coral rubble

25 26 11.45867 79 47.92672 26.19097783 -79.79877867 15-W 27 1922 1585 Coral rubble

Fields of phosphoritic gravel, rubble or cobbles with some expanses of low- to moderate-relief slabs, outcrops and pavement, occasionally to ~1 m vertical relief; some areas of sediment;

26 26 11.19881 79 48.72997 26.18664683 -79.81216617 15-W 28 2035 1556 Coral rubble

Phosphoritic gravel and small rocks becoming sparser with increasing expanses of empty sediment; occasional patches of less dense coral rubble

27 26 11.15635 79 49.08534 26.18593917 -79.81808900 16- W 28 2110 1558 Sediment Fine gravel finally disappears; weak obsolete rippled sediment; barren; some shrimps, small skates.

28 26 11.0685 79 49.44592 26.18447500 -79.82409867 16-W 29 2145 1473 Low Cover Hardbottom

Small areas of scattered fine gravel and crowded rocks chiefly <30 cm; few large orange anemones.

29 26 11.06309 79 49.46774 26.18438483 -79.82446233 16-W 29 2147 1455 Sediment Weak obsolete rippled or flat sediment; largely barren.

52

30 26 11.02375 79 49.75656 26.18372917 -79.82927600 17-W 29 2212 1397 Sediment Textured sediment--probably fine polychaete tubes; occasional anemone.

31 26 11.00661 79 49.79576 26.18344350 -79.82992933 17-W 29 2216 1380 High cover hardbottom

Rock rubble, becoming mixture of chiefly low- to moderate-relief slabs and jointed pavements up to ~2 m across with scattered rubble, cobbles and boulders to ~1 m across; pavements densely knobby in places;

32 26 10.91484 79 50.14728 26.18191400 -79.83578800 17-W 30 2245 1206 Sediment Smooth sediment

33 26 10.91845 79 50.16234 26.18197417 -79.83603900 17-W 30 2248 1193 High cover hardbottom

Irregular moderate-relief eroded (karstic) phosphoritic outcrops and pavements; more numerous but still scattered lithistid and pachastrellid sponges; golden crabs

34 26 10.91824 79 50.17587 26.18197067 -79.83626450 17-W 30 2249 1199 Sediment Smooth sediment

35 26 10.91889 79 50.21547 26.18198150 -79.83692450 17-W 30 2253 1195 Low Cover Hardbottom

Sediment with scattered gravel, small rubble and few larger rocks.

36 26 10.91646 79 50.22557 26.18194100 -79.83709283 17-W 30 2254 1188 High cover hardbottom

Irregular low- to moderate-relief eroded phosphoritic outcrops, slabs and jointed exposed and veneered pavements, alternating with gravel and rubble fields, some areas of sediment; scattered lithistid and pachastrellid

37 26 10.88 79 50.33868 26.18133333 -79.83897800 17-W 30 2305 1154

Moderate relief

hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief irregular eroded and jointed pavements with occasional ledges and areas of moderate- to high-relief boulders and eroded outcrops; scattered pachastrellid and lithistid sponges with crinoids,

38 26 10.76525 79 50.97009 26.17942083 -79.84950150 18-W 31 0100 1000 Low Cover Hardbottom Sediment with isolated rocks, boulders and slabs.

39 26 10.77076 79 50.99194 26.17951267 -79.84986567 18-W 32 0103 1024

Moderate relief

hardbottom

Moderate- to high-relief (1 m) slabs and boulders surrounded by varying areas of sediment; some with numerous sponges along edges

40 26 10.76343 79 51.01485 26.17939050 -79.85024750 18-W 32 0106 1044 Low Cover Hardbottom

Mostly scattered low-relief outcrops and rubble on sediment with few patches of moderate-relief slabs and boulders; scattered sponges.

41 26 10.77428 79 51.07979 26.17957133 -79.85132983 18-W 32 0114 1052 High cover hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief pavement, slabs, veneered knobby pavement, outcrops; sponges scattered, nephtheids common.

42 26 10.72469 79 51.38446 26.17874483 -79.85640767 18-W 32 0143 997 Low Cover Hardbottom

Low-relief gravel, rubble and cobbles in sediment, talus field, possibly cemented; some areas of sediment; chiefly barren with occasional sponges.

43 26 10.70705 79 51.45684 26.17845083 -79.85761400 18-W 32 0151 991 High cover hardbottom Moderate- to high-relief boulders on sediment; sponges

44 26 10.70224 79 51.46747 26.17837067 -79.85779117 18-W 32 0152 959 Low Cover Hardbottom

Scattered gravel, rubble and cobbles in sediment with small areas of low-relief outcrops, slabs and pavement; chiefly barren with occasional sponges.

45 26 10.68631 79 51.52922 26.17810517 -79.85882033 18-W 32 0158 964 High cover hardbottom

Low-relief partly buried irregular eroded outcrops and pavement; with occasional sponges, anemones; small stylasterids rare to common.

53

46 26 10.69248 79 51.6472 26.17820800 -79.86078667 19-W 33 451 972 Low Cover Hardbottom

Gravel, rubble and cobbles on sediment with some areas of empty sediment or more extensive low-relief outcrops and pavements; scattered sponges, nephtheids, anemones.

47 26 10.643 79 51.825 26.17738333 -79.86375000 19-W 33 501 993 Pennatulid

Few pennatulids on sediment with rubble, cobbles, some areas of low- to moderate-relief pavement and outcrops; passing to empty obsolete rippled sediment after 0557 h.

48 26 10.38675 79 52.3966 26.17311250 -79.87327667 19-W 34 605 968 High cover hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief exposed and partly buried pavement, slabs and eroded outcrops with scattered Phakellia and other sponges, Isididae (Isidella), nephtheids, anemones.

49 26 10.166 79 52.881 26.16943333 -79.88135000 20-W 35 640 916 Low Cover Hardbottom

Scattered small rubble and areas of open sediment passing to partly buried or exposed low-relief pavement; scattered Phakellia and other sponges, small octocorals and anemones.

50 26 10.0805 79 53.1639 26.16800833 -79.88606500 20-W 35 700 917 High cover hardbottom

More exposed low-relief eroded pavement and outcrops with some areas partly buried; scattered Phakellia and pachastrellid sponges, small octocorals and anemones.

51 26 10.0702 79 53.29495 26.16783667 -79.88824917 20-W 35 712 923 Low Cover Hardbottom

Scattered rubble, cobbles, areas of empty sediment and small areas of low-relief exposed and partly buried pavement, slabs and outcrops; scattered sponges, anemones; occasional pennatulid.

52 26 10.0024 79 53.65759 26.16670667 -79.89429317 21-W 36 747 921 High cover hardbottom

Low-relief crowded rocks and cobble (to ~30 cm), passing to exposed and partly buried irregular low pavement and outcrops; scattered Phakellia and pachastrellid sponges, anemones

53 26 09.99859 79 53.87887 26.16664317 -79.89798117 21-W 36 814 907 High cover hardbottom

Atlernating areas of scattered rubble, cobble, empty sediment, buried and exposed pavement, slabs and outcrops with Phakellia, pachastrellids and other sponges, Isididae (Isidella), anemones

54 26 9.92644 79 54.26171 26.16544067 -79.90436183 21-W 37 900 943 Low Cover Hardbottom

Obsolete rippled sediment with areas of gravel, rubble, cobbles, a few partly buried low outcrops; anemones, nephtheids

55 26 09.97078 79 54.45108 26.16617967 -79.90751800 N22-W 38 944 952 High cover hardbottom

Narrow ribbons of low-relief eroded outcrops and pavements with rubble and cobbles separated by wide expanses of empty smooth or obsolete rippled sediment; sponges, nephtheids, anemones and Isididae

56 26 09.95331 79 54.65219 26.16588850 -79.91086983 N22-W 38 1005 963 Low Cover Hardbottom

Sediment with scattered gravel, rubble, cobbles and few larger slabs (to 0.3 m); numerous anemones

57 26 09.89468 79 54.74692 26.16491133 -79.91244867 N22-W 38 1014 970 Sediment

Obsolete rippled sediment alternating with flat sediment with fine tufts and weak bioturbation; ?Actinauge, ophiuroids

54

58 26 09.786 79 55.93461 26.16310000 -79.93224350 N-23W 40 1227 937 Low Cover Hardbottom

Sediment with patches of rubble, rocks, small low outcrops; few local areas of more extensive low-relief partly buried outcrops, and rare larger slab (to ~1.0 m); anemones, nephtheids, few sponges

59 26 09.64833 79 56.36697 26.16080550 -79.93944950 N-24W 41 1256 917 Sediment

Obsolete rippled sediment alternating with flat sediment with fine tufts and weak bioturbation; chiefly barren

60 26 09.59374 79 56.67698 26.15989567 -79.94461633 N-24W 41 1313 908 Low Cover Hardbottom

Chiefly flat tufted sediment with small isolated rocks with anemones and small fishes (<10 cm); passing into patches of partly buried low-relief outcrops, occasional larger low slab; chiefly anemones.

61 26 09.56882 79 56.78382 26.15948033 -79.94639700 N-24W 41 1319 899 High cover hardbottom

Wide expanses of flat tufted sediment separating narrow areas of low-relief partly buried outcrops and pavements with some slabs and occasional larger moderate-relief boulder; anemones,

62 26 9.49373 79 57.20219 26.15822883 -79.95336983 N-25W 42 1343 874 Low Cover Hardbottom

Wide expanses of flat tufted weakly bioturbated sediment separating areas of rubble/cobble and local partly buried flat outcrops and small areas of pavement; anemones, nephtheids, occasional sponges,

63 26 09.45015 79 57.35738 26.15750250 -79.95595633 N-25W 42 1350 867 High cover hardbottom

Alternating areas of rubble/cobble fields and low- to moderate-relief eroded outcrops, slabs and pavements, separated by areas of flat, tufted weakly bioturbated sediment; anemones, sponges and octocorals

64 26 09.29376 79 58.05141 26.15489600 -79.96752350 N-25W 42 1425 835 Low Cover Hardbottom

Flat tufted weakly bioturbated sediment with small isolated rocks and outcrops; anemones, hydroids

65 26 09.24311 79 58.13987 26.15405183 -79.96899783 N-25W 42 1427 835 Sediment Flat tufted weakly bioturbated sediment. 66 26 09.16549 79 58.09919 26.15275817 -79.96831983 N-26W 42 1433 824 Sediment END WESTWARD TRANSECT

67 26 9.21596 79 58.07765 26.15359933 -79.96796083 S-26E 43 1540 836 Sediment BEGIN EASTWARD TRANSECT; Flat sediment with fine tufts and weak bioturbation.

68 26 09.26247 79 57.76925 26.15437450 -79.96282083 S-26E 43 1628 845 Low Cover Hardbottom

Partly buried flat pavements with occasional outcrop or rare boulder separated by expanses of flat tufted weakly bioturbated sediment; anemones, hydroids; Primnoidae & Isididae

69 26 09.28339 79 57.66339 26.15472317 -79.96105650 S-26E 44 1645 852 High cover hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief slabs, boulders and pavement, areas of rubble, separated by areas of flat tufted weakly bioturbated sediment; anemones, Phakellia, Isididae.

70 26 09.27686 79 57.6488 26.15461433 -79.96081333 S-26E 44 1647 854 Sediment Flat sediment with fine tufts and weak bioturbation.

71 26 09.27901 79 57.5866 26.15465017 -79.95977667 S-26E 44 1655 865 Low Cover Hardbottom

Flat tufted weakly bioturbated sediment separating areas of scattered or crowded rubble, cobbles and occasional slab or low boulder (to 0.5 m) with Isididae (Isidella), anemones and occasional sponges

72 26 09.3595 79 57.33612 26.15599167 -79.95560200 S-26E 44 1728 870 Sediment Flat sediment bottom with fine tufts, scattered weak bioturbated - sm mounds & depressions

55

73 26 09.36769 79 57.31605 26.15612817 -79.95526750 S-26E 44 1730 872 Low Cover Hardbottom

Expanses of flat sediment as previous with patches of rubble, small areas of low partly buried outcrops or pavements, few larger slabs or boulders (to 0.5 m) and rare crowded rubble

74 26 09.46453 79 56.97789 26.15774217 -79.94963150 S-25E 45 1757 ~883 Sediment Smooth weakly bioturbated sediment with tufts

75 26 09.4874 79 56.82803 26.15812333 -79.94713383 S-25E 45 1806 894 Low Cover Hardbottom

Sediment with widely scattered small patches of low-relief outcrop, pavement or rocks.

76 26 09.50717 79 56.78231 26.15845283 -79.94637183 S-25E 45 1810 899 Sediment Smooth weakly bioturbated sediment with tufts

77 26 09.61313 79 56.31719 26.16021883 -79.93861983 S-25E 45 1835 917 Low Cover Hardbottom

Low-relief outcrops, rocks, cobble, small boulder separated by areas of sediment; anemones, nephtheids, antipatharian.

78 26 09.62772 79 56.25524 26.16046200 -79.93758733 S-25E 45 1839 921 High cover hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief outcrops and pavement separated by expanses of sediment; anemones, nephtheids, some sponges, hydroids, Isididae (Isidella).

79 26 09.72057 79 55.91583 26.16200950 -79.93193050 S-24E 46 1855 937 Sediment Smooth weakly bioturbated sediment with tufts alternating with weakly obsolete rippled sediment.

80 26 09.79896 79 54.91231 26.16331600 -79.91520517 S-23E 47 1947 970 Pennatulid Scattered pennatulids on sediment

81 26 09.86898 79 54.69045 26.16448300 -79.91150750 S-23E 47 2002 968 Low Cover Hardbottom

Scattered rubble with scattered areas of low-relief outcrops, small slabs and pavements, with occasional isolated boulders; anemones, occasional sponges, Isididae, numerous nephtheids.

82 26 09.88842 79 54.59677 26.16480700 -79.90994617 S-23E 47 2007 966 High cover hardbottom

Low-relief phosphoritic pavements, slabs and outcrops, rubble, cobbles and occasional boulder separated by expanses of sediment; anemones, nephtheids, sponges (Pachastrellidae, Phakellia, hexactinellids), Isididae

83 26 09.95394 79 53.81829 26.16589900 -79.89697150 S-22E 48 2047 912 High cover hardbottom

Extensive low-relief eroded pavement; nephtheids, anemones, Pachastrellidae, Isididae (isidella), numerous Phakellia.

84 26 09.97759 79 53.68504 26.16629317 -79.89475067 S-22E 48 2053 923 Sediment Smooth sediment

85 26 09.98542 79 53.65477 26.16642367 -79.89424617 S-22E 48 2055 923 Low Cover Hardbottom

Scattered bits of rubble and cobbles to ~30 cm with few small areas of more extensive low-relief outcrop and slabs; anemones, occasional sponge.

86 26 10.0046 79 53.53686 26.16674333 -79.89228100 S-22E 48 2103 925 High cover hardbottom

Crowded rock cobbles, boulders, pavement, occasional large boulder, some expanses of sediment and areas of small rubble and gravel; anemones, nephtheids, sponges (Phakellia, hexactinellids), Isididae.

87 26 10.00819 79 53.45343 26.16680317 -79.89089050 S-22E 48 2108 921 Low Cover Hardbottom

Scattered bits of rubble and cobbles to ~30 cm with few small areas of more extensive low-relief outcrop and slabs on weak obsolete rippled sediment; anemones, occasional sponge.

88 26 10.03752 79 53.23251 26.16729200 -79.88720850 S-21E 48 2124 928 High cover hardbottom

Low-relief exposed to mostly buried pavement, occasional boulders, outcrops, areas of rubble and expanses of sediment, becoming mostly exposed eroded pavement; anemones,

56

89 26 10.40564 79 52.19459 26.17342733 -79.86990983 S-20E 50 0107 990 Low Cover Hardbottom

Scattered rubble, partly buried outcrops & pavement on obsolete rippled sediment, with few small areas of more extensive slabs and pavement; anemones, some sponges.

90 26 10.53563 79 51.90026 26.17559383 -79.86500433 S-20E 50 0126 997 High cover hardbottom

Exposed low-relief pavement and eroded outcrops with cobbles; anemones, Phakellia, Isididae, nephtheids.

91 26 10.5599 79 51.85929 26.17599833 -79.86432150 S-20E 50 0128 1000 Low Cover Hardbottom

Fields of mixed black phosphoritic and white limestone gravel and rubble with few larger rocks and slabs (to ~30 cm); anemones, nephtheids, sponges, stylasterids.

92 26 10.56692 79 51.83923 26.17611533 -79.86398717 S-20E 50 0130 1000 Pennatulid Pennatulid among rubble

93 26 10.57907 79 51.81074 26.17631783 -79.86351233 S-20E 50 0132 997 High cover hardbottom

Large slabs, outcrops, rubble fields, exposed and partly buried pavements and cobbles; largely barren except for stylasterids; widely scattered Phakellia, anemones, nephtheids, antipatharians.

94 26 10.62457 79 51.69538 26.17707617 -79.86158967 S-20E 50 0139 977

Moderate relief

hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief eroded outcrops and pavements with some ledges, rubble and cobble fields;scattered anemones, stylasterids, nephtheids, sponges (Geodiidae, Phakellia,

95 26 10.69788 79 51.46742 26.17829800 -79.85779033 S-19E 50 0152 954 High-relief hardbottom

Steep ~3-m ledge above sediment with moderate- to high-relief tilted slabs, outcrops and boulders; small sponges on ledge wall.

96 26 10.70194 79 51.45521 26.17836567 -79.85758683 S-19E 50 0153 994 Low Cover Hardbottom

Low-relief scattered rubble, small flat white slabs; mixed white and black gravel and rubble; Phakellia, small pennatulids, nephtheids.

97 26 10.71928 79 51.39698 26.17865467 -79.85661633 S-19E 50 0156 999 High-relief hardbottom

Dense gravel/rubble field passing to high- to moderate-relief (1-5 m) ledges and massive outcrops separated by low- to moderate-relief jointed pavements and slabs; chiefly nephtheids

98 26 10.72055 79 51.23536 26.17867583 -79.85392267 S-19E 51 0209 979 High cover hardbottom

Low- to moderate relief jointed pavement and slabs with pools of sediment; numerous nephtheids, scattered anemones and sponges (Geodiidae, Pachastrellidae, Desmacellidae), antipatharian.

99 26 10.72064 79 51.1535 26.17867733 -79.85255833 S-19E 51 0216 984 High-relief hardbottom

Jointed pavements and slabs on steep slope with ledges to >1 m vertical relief with areas of sediment and jumbled boulders, blocks and slabs below; nephtheids, stylasterids, anemones,

100 26 10.73294 79 51.08738 26.17888233 -79.85145633 S-19E 51 0223 1039 High cover hardbottom

Gravel/rubble fields with slabs and partly buried pavement; crowded boulders, irregular low- to moderate-relief outcrops, some areas of empty sediment; nephtheids, sponges (Pachastrellidae, Phakellia).

101 26 10.7654 79 50.98255 26.17942333 -79.84970917 S-19E 51 0235 988

Moderate relief

hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief irregular eroded outcrops with pools of sediment, massive jointed pavements with occasional low ledges (to ~1 m); nephtheids (disappearing), scattered stylasterids,

57

102 26 10.79982 79 50.53355 26.17999700 -79.84222583 S-18E 52 0319 1040 High-relief hardbottom

Series of ledges and massive slabs (2-5 m vertical relief) with jumbled boulder/slab field and obsolete rippled sediment below and separated by low- to moderate-relief jointed pavements

103 26 10.82317 79 50.45302 26.18038617 -79.84088367 S-18E 52 0327 1083

Moderate relief

hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief irregular eroded outcrops and cratered pavements, boulders, slabs, few low ledges; Isididae (Isidella), sponges (Pachastrellidae, Astrophorida, Phakellia, Geodiidae), stylasterids, crinoids

104 26 10.88758 79 50.2719 26.18145967 -79.83786500 S-18E 52 0344 1181 Low Cover Hardbottom

Areas of sediment and gravel/rubble fields with scattered areas of low eroded outcrops and exposed or partly buried pavement; Phakellia

105 26 10.87602 79 50.21106 26.18126700 -79.83685100 S-18E 52 554 1184 High cover hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief irregular eroded outcrops and cratered pavements separated by expanses of smooth sediment; few sponges.

106 26 10.89471 79 50.14174 26.18157850 -79.83569567 S-18E 52 600 1199

Moderate relief

hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief irregular eroded outcrops and cratered pavements, boulders, slabs; pavements becoming knobby below ~1260 ft; sparse sponges, occasional anemone.

107 26 10.97773 79 49.80335 26.18296217 -79.83005583 S-18E 53 629 1381 Sediment Smooth or obsolete rippled barren sediment.

108 26 11.0037 79 49.46127 26.18339500 -79.82435450 S-17E 53 653 1451 Low Cover Hardbottom

Expanses of smooth or rippled sediment separating areas of crowded rubble and cobbles (to ~30 cm); chiefly barren with occasional anemone.

109 26 11.02183 79 49.39676 26.18369717 -79.82327933 S-17E 53 657 1487 Sediment Smooth or obsolete rippled barren sediment. 110 26 11.10477 79 49.15875 26.18507950 -79.81931250 S-17E 54 710 1545 Pennatulid Small (~8 cm) slender pennatulids (Virgularia?)

111 26 11.14262 79 48.96906 26.18571033 -79.81615100 S-17E 54 721 1567 Pennatulid

Sparse fine gravel (2-4 cm) scattered on obsolete rippled sediment; no attached fauna initially; small pennatulids continue; small white plexaurid octocorals after 0725 (1567 ft).

112 26 11.17176 79 48.82051 26.18619600 -79.81367517 S-16E 54 732 1568 Coral rubble

Scattered to crowded rubble, cobbles, small outcrops, rare larger boulder, and low exposed to completely buried pavement, alternating with patches of sparse to dense coral rubble;

113 26 11.26508 79 48.28756 26.18775133 -79.80479267 S-16E 54 809 1565 Coral rubble

Crowded rock rubble and cobbles with extensive low-relief knobby pavements and occasional larger slabs and boulders (0.5 m) and few patches of coral rubble; chiefly barren with

114 26 11.42004 79 47.886 26.19033400 -79.79810000 S-16E 55 842 1588 Coral rubble

Sparse to dense coral rubble with small Primnoidae, Keratoisis, Anthomastus, anemones

115 26 11.40609 79 47.86057 26.19010150 -79.79767617 S-16E 55 845 1592 Coral rubble

Crowded rock rubble, cobbles and low knobby pavement alternating with areas of coral rubble; chiefly barren with few anemones, Primnoidae (Plumarella), Isididae (Keratoisis).

116 26 11.45036 79 47.54457 26.19083933 -79.79240950 S-15E 56 910 1613 High cover hardbottom

Crowded rock rubble, cobbles and low knobby pavement; chiefly barren with few anemones, Isididae (Keratoisis).

58

117 26 11.43782 79 47.50168 26.19063033 -79.79169467 S-15E 56 913 1617 Coral rubble

Coral rubble sometimes apparently cemented as pavement; Keratoisis, sponges (Phakellia, hexactinellid, Hyalonema).

118 26 11.42397 79 46.96955 26.19039950 -79.78282583 S-15E 56 951 1668 High cover hardbottom

Low-relief pavement with gravel, rubble and cobbles; small Primnoidae (Plumarella).

119 26 11.43552 79 46.84776 26.19059200 -79.78079600 S-15E 56 959 1673 Coral rubble

Coral rubble sometimes apparently cemented as pavement, elsewhere in sediment with small burrows; small Primnoidae sometimes numerous.

120 26 11.44254 79 46.56569 26.19070900 -79.77609483 S-14E 57 1017 ~1705 Low Cover Hardbottom

Fine gravel in sediment with sparse bioturbation; galatheid craters with excavated fine gravel.

121 26 11.43996 79 46.49599 26.19066600 -79.77493317 S-14E 57 1023 1714 Sediment

Smooth sediment with sparse to moderate bioturbation; some areas textured with fine tufts; galatheid craters with excavated fine gravel (gravel occasionally scattered on surface); crater-tunnels (Acanthacaris?).

122 26 11.58208 79 46.42403 26.19303467 -79.77373383 N-13W 58 1234 1723 Coral rubble

Sparse to moderate fine gravel & fine coral twigs; galatheid craters with excavated gravel or coral twigs.

123 26 11.53798 79 46.45075 26.19229967 -79.77417917 N-13W 58 1237 1723 Low Cover Hardbottom

Smooth sparsely bioturbated and tufted sediment with scattered fine gravel; galatheid craters, small crater-tunnels.

124 26 11.47632 79 46.59378 26.19127200 -79.77656300 N-13W 58 1248 1702 Coral rubble

Sparse to dense coral rubble; galatheid craters with gravel; small Phakellia, small Primnoidae.

125 26 11.59387 79 46.94873 26.19323117 -79.78247883 N-14W 59 1314 1669 Low Cover Hardbottom

Abundant fine gravel; galatheids in bowls; occasional small sponge, octocoral.

126 26 11.60715 79 47.00249 26.19345250 -79.78337483 N-14W 59 1317 1668 High cover hardbottom

Fine gravel/pavement with scattered rocks and slabs (to 1 m); scattered anemones, sponges, octocorals.

127 26 11.6349 79 47.15909 26.19391500 -79.78598483 N-14W 59 1328 1651 Coral rubble

Dense coral rubble; few small sponges and octocorals; single white detached coral twig.

128 26 11.59226 79 47.62007 26.19320433 -79.79366783 N-14W 60 1420 1613 Coral rubble

Dense gravel/rock rubble bottom with scattered larger rocks, becoming large slabs and low outcrops, alternating with areas of coral rubble--some apparently cemented as pavement; mostly barren,

129 26 11.35133 79 48.34071 26.18918883 -79.80567850 N-15W 60 1513 1554 Coral

Few scattered colonies of living Lophelia on rubble, cobble, slab and pavement with patches of coral rubble; Isididae (Keratoisis).

456 26 11.29711 79 48.48683 26.18828517 -79.80811383 N-15W 1520 1552 Coral rubble

coral rubble, rocks, large or anemone on cobbles, Isididae

130 26 11.267 79 48.87445 26.18778333 -79.81457417 N-15W 61 1541 1565 Coral rubble Sparse coral rubble on smooth sediment

131 26 11.26682 79 48.90858 26.18778033 -79.81514300 N-16W 61 1543 1563 Sediment Weak obsolete rippled sediment with scattered fine gravel that gradually disappears.

132 26 11.1016 79 49.43045 26.18502667 -79.82384083 N-16W 61 1614 1466 Sparse

coral rubble Sparse coral rubble passing to rubble/cobble field; chiefly barren

133 26 11.09087 79 49.45512 26.18484783 -79.82425200 N-16W 61 1615 1464 Sediment Smooth sediment

134 26 10.98977 79 49.79945 26.18316283 -79.82999083 N-17W 62 1632 1390 Moderate

relief Low- to high-relief phosphoritic cobbles, slabs and boulders, irregular eroded outcrops, knobby pavements

59

hardbottom and massive jointed pavements and slabs with occasional low ledge, to ~2 m relief;

135 26 10.79415 79 50.98258 26.17990250 -79.84970967 N-18W 63 1734 990 High-relief hardbottom

Series of step-like cliffs and ledges separated by areas of sediment, boulders, pavement, irregular eroded outcrops and gravel/rubble fields, ~20 m maximum vertical relief, first down, then up;

136 26 10.73275 79 51.483 26.17887917 -79.85805000 N-18W 63 1803 954 High cover hardbottom

Low-relief cratered pavement, eroded outcrops gravel/rubble fields; scattered anemones, nephtheids, sponges, stylasterids, rare antipatharian.

137 26 10.62682 79 51.85994 26.17711367 -79.86433233 N-19W 64 1825 999 Low Cover Hardbottom

Chiefly sediment with gravel, rubble and occasional small area of low-relief outcrop or boulder; anemones, Phakellia.

138 26 10.49536 79 51.87323 26.17492267 -79.86455383 N-19W 64 1835 1000 Pennatulid Pennatulids on sediment with sparse gravel, cobble and occasional low outcrop.

139 26 10.52833 79 52.14288 26.17547217 -79.86904800 N-19W 64 1841 995 High cover hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief outcrops, pavements, rubble and cobble separated by areas of obsolete rippled sediment; Phakellia, Geodiidae, nephtheids, anemones.

140 26 10.43927 79 52.33908 26.17398783 -79.87231800 N-19W 64 1852 973 High-relief hardbottom

Ledge, ~3-m vertical relief with sediment and large slabs below.

141 26 10.331 79 52.34441 26.17218333 -79.87240683 N-19W 64 1853 977 Sediment Obsolete rippled sediment.

142 26 10.3766 79 52.44767 26.17294333 -79.87412783 N-19W 64 1858 945 High cover hardbottom

Moderate-relief raised phosphoritic slabs, low-relief eroded outcrops, pavements; scattered anemones, nephtheids, Phakellia.

143 26 10.15822 79 52.85042 26.16930367 -79.88084033 N-20W 64 1921 916 Low Cover Hardbottom

Chiefly sediment with occasional areas of rubble, cobbles and a few patches of slabs and pavements.

144 26 10.13582 79 52.93014 26.16893033 -79.88216900 N-20W 65 1926 912 High cover hardbottom

Low-relief eroded outcrops, exposed and partly buried pavements, cobbles with some areas of moderate-relief slabs, separated by expanses of sediment and areas of scattered rubble

145 26 10.06716 79 53.57277 26.16778600 -79.89287950 N-21W 65 2028 923 High cover hardbottom

Moderate-relief eroded outcrops, tilted slabs, boulders, cobbles; sponges (hexactinellids, Pachastrellidae, Phakellia, Desmacellidae), anemones, nephtheids.

146 26 10.04199 79 53.62994 26.16736650 -79.89383233 N-21W 66 2031 917 Low Cover Hardbottom

Chiefly obsolete rippled sediment with widely scattered cobbles, boulders or small outcrops.

147 26 10.04457 79 53.72687 26.16740950 -79.89544783 N-21W 66 2041 910 High cover hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief raised phosphoritic slabs, low-relief eroded outcrops, exposed and partly buried pavements alternating with wide expanses of sediment and low-cover areas of scattered rubble

148 26 09.95479 79 54.3143 26.16591317 -79.90523833 N-21W 66 2131 948 Sediment Obsolete rippled sediment; END OF TRANSECT

149 26 11.11917 79 50.51996 26.18531950 -79.84199933 Terrace

Edge N-S 67 0239 1026

Moderate relief

hardbottom

Rugged irregular labyrinthine and karstic phosphoritic limestone, jumbled rocks and ledges alternating with low- to moderate-relief cobbly, smooth, cratered and jointed pavements; locally barren with sponges

60

150 26 10.70847 79 50.54816 26.17847450 -79.84246933 Terrace

Edge N-S 68 0326 1042 High-relief hardbottom

Steep overhanging ledge above sediment with tilted outcrops, calved slabs, partly buried pavement and boulders, followed by massive slabs, blocks, tilted slabs and high-relief eroded karstic outcrops

151 26 10.61451 79 50.54123 26.17690850 -79.84235383 Terrace

Edge N-S 68 336 1145 High-relief hardbottom END OF TRANSECT

152 26 14.32178 79 34.20484 26.23869633 -79.57008067 0-1 N-S 69 1158 2555 Coral

Thickets of dead standing coral (Enallopsammia) with rare live twigs separated by areas of coral rubble; Phakellia, Hyalonema.

153 26 14.47196 79 34.03365 26.24119933 -79.56722750 0-1 N-S 69 1207 2562 Sediment Smooth textured sediment with tiny probable worm tubes.

154 26 14.26676 79 34.20776 26.23777933 -79.57012933 0-1 N-S 69 1221 2555 Coral

Thickets of dead standing coral (Enallopsammia) with rare live twigs, on sediment mounds, separated by areas of coral rubble and smooth sediment; Phakellia, Hyatella, Isididae (Keratoisis)

155 26 14.082 79 34.22032 26.23470000 -79.57033867 0-1 N-S 70 1237 2566 Sparse

coral rubble Irregular low lumpy bottom with occasional very sparse small coral rubble; chiefly barren; Hyalonema.

156 26 13.99667 79 34.22085 26.23327783 -79.57034750 0-1 N-S 70 1246 2558 Coral

Thickets of dead standing coral (Enallopsammia) with rare live twigs, separated by areas of coral rubble and smooth sediment; Phakellia, Hyatella, Hyalonema, Isididae (Keratoisis)

157 26 13.69035 79 33.8031 26.22817250 -79.56338500 0-1 N-S 70 1253 2560 Sediment Smooth or obsolete rippled barren sediment. 158 26 13.8909 79 34.21238 26.23151500 -79.57020633 0-1 N-S 70 1258 2566 Sediment END OF TRANSECT

159 26 14.20801 79 33.6528 26.23680017 -79.56088000 N-0W 70 1428 2562 Sparse

coral rubble

Weakly lineated sediment with fine tubes & tufts, low scattered irregular lumps & widely scattered areas of sparse small coral rubble.

160 26 14.17719 79 33.83608 26.23628650 -79.56393467 N-0W 70 1455 2560 Coral

Small thickets of dead standing coral (Enallopsammia) with rare live twigs, separated by areas of coral rubble and lineated sediment.

161 26 14.21054 79 33.86504 26.23684233 -79.56441733 N-0W 70 1459 2560 Sparse

coral rubble

Weakly lineated sediment with fine tubes & tufts, low scattered irregular lumps & widely scattered areas of sparse small coral rubble.

162 26 14.17318 79 33.92615 26.23621967 -79.56543583 N-0W 71 1506 2562 Sediment Weakly lineated sediment alternating with obsolete rippled sediment.

163 26 14.17096 79 33.99438 26.23618267 -79.56657300 N-0W 71 1515 2557 Coral

Thickets of dead standing coral (Enallopsammia) with rare live twigs, separated by areas of coral rubble and lineated or rippled sediment; few sponges and octocorals; Hyalonema, Isididae (Keratoisis)

164 26 14.13811 79 34.11241 26.23563517 -79.56854017 N-0W 71 1531 ~2558 Sediment Alternating obsolete rippled and smooth sediment.

165 26 14.07669 79 34.24439 26.23461150 -79.57073983 N-0W 71 1544 2566 Coral

Thickets of dead standing coral (Enallopsammia) with rare live twigs, separated by areas of coral rubble and lineated or rippled sediment; few sponges.

166 26 14.07044 79 34.30859 26.23450733 -79.57180983 N-0W 71 1548 2564 Sediment Alternating obsolete rippled and smooth sediment.

167 26 14.06036 79 34.34425 26.23433933 -79.57240417 N-0W 71 1551 2564 Low Cover Hardbottom

Small pale rubble to ~15 cm and isolated pair of 0.5-m barren rocks on sediment.

61

168 26 14.0543 79 34.41121 26.23423833 -79.57352017 N-0W 71 1554 2564 Sediment Obsolete rippled sediment with occasional sand dune to 1m.

169 26 14.06543 79 34.63279 26.23442383 -79.57721317 N-0W 71 1605 2566 Sediment END OF TRANSECT

170 26 13.74659 79 34.71144 26.22910983 -79.57852400 S-1E 72 1748 2547 Coral

Thickets of dead standing coral (Enallopsammia) with rare live twigs, on sediment mound, separated by areas of coral rubble and lineated or rippled sediment; hexactinellids, Heterotella Primnoidae.

171 26 14.11199 79 34.20719 26.23519983 -79.57011983 S-1E 73 1827 2557 Sediment Alternating obsolete rippled and smooth sediment.

172 26 14.24836 79 34.09883 26.23747267 -79.56831383 S-1E 73 1831 2555 Sparse

coral rubble Scattered bits of coral rubble. 173 26 14.08905 79 34.20279 26.23481750 -79.57004650 S-1E 73 1832 2557 Sediment Alternating obsolete rippled and smooth sediment.

174 26 14.19351 79 34.07424 26.23655850 -79.56790400 S-1E 73 1836 2555 Coral

Thickets of dead standing coral (Enallopsammia) with rare live twigs, on sediment mound, separated by areas of coral rubble and lineated or rippled sediment; hexactinellids, Heterotella, octocorals.

175 26 14.33121 79 33.7964 26.23885350 -79.56327333 S-1E 73 1849 2555 Sediment Alternating obsolete rippled and smooth sediment.

176 26 14.21906 79 33.88732 26.23698433 -79.56478867 S-1E 73 1853 2558 Coral

Thickets of dead standing coral (Enallopsammia) with rare live twigs, on sediment mound, separated by areas of coral rubble and lineated or rippled sediment; hexactinellids.

177 26 14.31336 79 33.74145 26.23855600 -79.56235750 S-1E 73 1859 2557 Sediment Alternating obsolete rippled and smooth or lumpy sediment with tufts.

178 26 14.21942 79 33.76424 26.23699033 -79.56273733 S-1E 73 1905 2558 Sediment END OF TRANSECT

62

Appendix 3B. GIS database summary for habitat map – points representing isolated observations

NO. LatDM LonDM LatDD LonDD Transect Tape No. Time

Depth (ft) Habitat Descriptor Description of Point sites

1 26 7.616 80 1.680 26.12693333 -80.02800000 31E 1 545 687 Low Cover Hardbottom

Isolated small patch of rock rubble with anemones, hydroids

2 26 7.820 80 1.38099 26.13033333 -80.02301650 30E 3 633 708 Low Cover Hardbottom Isolated small patch of barren rock rubble

3 26 8.500 80 00.422 26.14166667 -80.00703333 29E 4 806 752 Low Cover Hardbottom Isolated small barren rock, 10 cm across

4 26 14.0599 79 34.3501 26.23433167 -79.57250167 0-W 9 1930 2560 Low Cover Hardbottom

Rock rubble 10-15 cm, with sediment; cobble to 20-30 cm; no sponges

5 26 14.0515 79 34.4091 26.23419167 -79.57348500 0-W 9 1936 2558 Low Cover Hardbottom Isolated patch of low barren rubble

6 26 13.1626 79

37.66603 26.21937667 -79.62776717 4-W 13 2337 2349 Low Cover Hardbottom Possible rock off to right.

8 26

12.99306 79

39.04105 26.21655100 -79.65068417 4-W 14 0042 2291 Pennatulid Pennatulid?

9 26

11.42995 79 45.7143 26.19049917 -79.76190500 12-W 22 1107 1790 Low Cover Hardbottom ~15-cm rock with galatheid among sparse coral rubble

10 26

11.42912 79

45.72421 26.19048533 -79.76207017 12-W 22 1108 1790 Pennatulid Probable small pennatulid

11 26

11.47717 79

47.72164 26.19128617 -79.79536067 14-W 26 1904 1597 Standing dead coral Large thicket (0.6-1.0 m tall) of dead standing coral in side camera. Lophelia or Enallopsammia.

12 26

11.35239 79

48.28675 26.18920650 -79.80477917 15-W 27 1958 1558 Coral

Small living coral colony (possibly Lophelia) at base of large Keratoisis on localized area of moderate- to high-releif boulders and outcrops.

13 26 11.3496 79

48.38527 26.18916000 -79.80642117 15-W 27 2006 1549 Coral

Large coral thicket (~2.5 m across, possibly Lophelia), mostly dead but with living branches along southern (left) edge.

14 26

11.16888 79

48.81746 26.18614800 -79.81362433 16-W 28 2041 1567 High cover hardbottom

Small expanse of low- to moderate-relief boulders, slabs and outcrops with a few anemones, octocorals

15 26

10.81796 79

50.53605 26.18029933 -79.84226750 17-W 30 2323 1046 High-relief hardbottom Steep irregular escarpment ~6 m vertical relief

16 26

10.76279 79

50.95675 26.17937983 -79.84927917 18-W 31 0059 1000 High-relief hardbottom

Numerous sponges with ophiuroids along edge of steep ledge, on slabs and boulders.

17 26

10.76818 79

51.13666 26.17946967 -79.85227767 18-W 32 0119 975 High-relief hardbottom

Steep irregular escarpment ~10 m vertical relief; sponges and stylasterids along edges

18 26 10.7285 79

51.36817 26.17880833 -79.85613617 18-W 32 0141 966 High-relief hardbottom

Steep ledge (1-2 m) and irregular boulders with numerous sponges, stylasterids.

19 26 10.7183 79 51.4192 26.17863833 -79.85698667 18-W 32 0147 1002 Pennatulid Pennatulids on talus

20 26

10.70224 79

51.46747 26.17837067 -79.85779117 18-W 32 0152 959 High-relief hardbottom

Steep stepped ledges and irregular outcrops and pavement, with sponges

63

21 26

10.45268 79

52.31962 26.17421133 -79.87199367 19-W 34 557 964 High cover hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief phosphoritic eroded outcrops and pavement; chiefly barren.

22 26

10.09909 79

53.08323 26.16831817 -79.88472050 20-W 35 654 916 Pennatulid Pennatulid on sediment among partly buried low pavement

23 26 9.92552 79

54.32583 26.16542533 -79.90543050 21-W 37 910 948 Pennatulid Pennatulids on sediment

24 26

09.88132 79

55.03764 26.16468867 -79.91729400 N-22W 39 1053 973 Pennatulid Pennatulid on sediment

25 26

09.65862 79

56.47312 26.16097700 -79.94121867 N-24W 41 1302 916 Low Cover Hardbottom Isolated rock (0.5 m) with anemones

26 26

09.21101 79

57.94143 26.15351683 -79.96569050 S-26E 43 1605 845 Low Cover Hardbottom

Small area of rubble (to ~25 cm) with few anemones, hydroids

27 26

09.23628 79

57.90635 26.15393800 -79.96510583 S-26E 43 1611 847 Low Cover Hardbottom

Small area of low partly buried outcrop or rubble; hydroids.

28 26

09.25793 79 57.7785 26.15429883 -79.96297500 S-26E 43 1627 847 High cover hardbottom

Low- to moderate-relief outcrop ridge, slabs, boulders with Isididae (Isidella)

29 26

09.26791 79

57.61758 26.15446517 -79.96029300 S-26E 44 1650 863 Low Cover Hardbottom Patch of scattered rubble; chiefly barren

30 26

09.28786 79

57.54458 26.15479767 -79.95907633 S-26E 44 1700 865 High cover hardbottom

Low-relief pavement with boulders; anemones, sponges, Isididae

31 26

09.44402 79

57.04307 26.15740033 -79.95071783 S-25E 45 1752 881 High cover hardbottom

Area of low-relief boulders, slabs and pavement surrounded by sediment.

32 26

09.46689 79

56.95604 26.15778150 -79.94926733 S-25E 45 1758 ~885 Low Cover Hardbottom

Expanses of flat tufted sediment with small patches to larger areas of low-relief outcrops, slabs and pavement; chiefly barren with scattered anemones, nephtheids and rare Primnoidae.

33 26 09.4874 79

56.82803 26.15812333 -79.94713383 S-25E 45 1806 894 Tilefish Great northern tilefish (~0.9 m long) on lo- relief pavement

34 26

09.89718 79

54.40309 26.16495300 -79.90671817 S-23E 47 2018 955 Pennatulid Pennatulids on sediment among hard bottoms.

35 26

09.98332 79

53.66638 26.16638867 -79.89443967 S-22E 48 2054 925 Pennatulid Pennatulid on sediment

36 26

09.99716 79

53.58901 26.16661933 -79.89315017 S-22E 48 2059 928 Pennatulid Pennatulids on sediment among hard bottoms.

37 26

10.00819 79

53.45343 26.16680317 -79.89089050 S-22E 48 2108 921 Pennatulid Group of pennatulids on sediment among hard bottoms.

38 26

10.02995 79

53.26207 26.16716583 -79.88770117 S-21E 48 2121 930 Pennatulid Group of pennatulids on sediment among hard bottoms.

39 26

10.19229 79

52.60717 26.16987150 -79.87678617 S-21E 49 2212 923 Pennatulid Pennatulid in sediment-filled crevice on pavement

40 26 10.7638 79

51.00008 26.17939667 -79.85000133 S-19E 51 0234 1011 High-relief hardbottom

Steep slope with massive slabs, pavements and outcrops.

41 26

10.94526 79

49.97758 26.18242100 -79.83295967 S-18E 53 613 1302 High-relief hardbottom

Knobby slabs and pavements forming series of step-like ledges with low-relief knobby jointed pavements separating areas of moderate- to high-relief slabs and blocks; some

64

43 26

11.02183 79

49.39676 26.18369717 -79.82327933 S-17E 53 657 1487 Sparse coral rubble Sparse coral rubble on obsolete rippled sediment

44 26

11.42362 79

47.80915 26.19039367 -79.79681917 S-15E 55 849 1594 Coral Small possible coral colony on rubble and rock rubble

45 26

11.44303 79

47.75936 26.19071717 -79.79598933 S-15E 55 853 1597 Standing dead coral Small patch of dead standing coral.

46 26

11.60715 79

47.00249 26.19345250 -79.78337483 N-14W 59 1317 1668 Coral

Small Lophelia? colony on small rock; fine gravel & rocks to 0.5 m; gravel apparently cemented asveneered pavement.

47 26

11.52287 79

48.06372 26.19204783 -79.80106200 N-15W 60 1450 1570 Coral Small possible coral colony on pavement.

48 26

10.88139 79

50.49313 26.18135650 -79.84155217 N-17W 62 1708 1067 High-relief hardbottom

Steep sediment slope with high-relief irregular eroded outcrops, slabs, boulders and ledges, ~10 m vertical relief; crinoids and small sponges, with Geodiidae and Phakellia on top.

49 26

10.06436 79

53.44279 26.16773933 -79.89071317 N-21W 65 2015 919 Pennatulid Pennatulid among rubble

50 26

10.09036 79

53.57815 26.16817267 -79.89296917 N-21W 65 2027 927 Pennatulid Pennatulid on sediment

51 26

10.04199 79

53.62994 26.16736650 -79.89383233 N-21W 66 2031 917 Pennatulid Pennatulids on sediment.

52 26

11.08142 79

50.52805 26.18469033 -79.84213417

Terrace Edge N-

S 67 0248 1033 High-relief hardbottom Steep rugged ledges above smooth sand slope.

53 26

10.78905 79

50.52375 26.17981750 -79.84206250

Terrace Edge N-

S 68 0317 1060 High-relief hardbottom

Steep irregular slope with boulders and ledges, ~ 7m vertical relief; sponges (Spongosorites, Geodiidae), crinoids, anemones, Primnoidae (Plumarella).

54 26 14.2398 79

34.21616 26.23733000 -79.57026933 0-1 N-S 69 1219 2557 Sparse coral rubble Small ~15-cm patch of coral rubble.

55 26

14.09807 79

34.20693 26.23496783 -79.57011550 N-0W 71 1541 2566 Sparse coral rubble Few small lumps of coral rubble; hexactinellid.