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PRESIDENCY COLLEGE (Autonomous)
CHENNAI – 600 005.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
SYLLABUS FOR B.Sc Degree Course in GEOLOGY
Semester System (Three Year Degree Course)
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
Effective from the Academic Year 2020 - 2021
PRESIDENCY COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI-600 005 DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY B.Sc. (Geology) Revised Syllabus (2020-2021)
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM / OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION The Syllabi of Department of Geology are revised from the academic year 2020-2021 in order to incorporate the CBCS/OBE. The Part IV and Part V components, as specified by the Government of Tamil Nadu, are modified to build the capacity of the students, make them understand their innate potentials and become responsible citizens of India. Each academic year comprises two semesters and each semester will have 90 minimum working days with five working hours in a day. Following the pattern of Credit System, Credits are calculated based on the number of teaching hours a student spends actively with the teacher for a particular subject. REGULATIONS
1. Eligibility for Admission Candidates for admission to the first year of the Bachelor of Science in Geology course shall be required to have passed the HigherSecondary Examinations (Academic) with Physics and Chemistry subjects conducted by the Government of Tamil Nadu or an examination accepted as equivalent thereof by the Syndicate of the University of Madras.
2. Eligibility for the Award of Degree A candidate shall be eligible for the award of the Degree only if he or she has undergone the prescribed course of study in the College for a period of not less than three academic years, passed the examinations of all the six semesters.
3. Course of Study The main subject of study for Bachelor Degree shall consist of the following: Part I Foundation Course (exclusive for languages). Part II English Part III Core Subjects, Allied subjects and Project/Elective with three courses Part IV
1. Non-Major Elective (NME) comprising two courses offered by other Departments can be chosen by the students.
2. Soft Skills 3. Environmental Studies 4. Value Education
Part V Extension Activities /Sports / NCC / NSS 4. Passing Minimum
A candidate shall be declared to have passed in each paper / practical of the main subject of study wherever prescribed, if he or she secures NOT LESS THAN 40% of the marks in each of the examination.
5. Classification of Successful Candidates Successful candidates passing the examination & securing i) 60% and above, ii) 50% and above but below 60%, and iii) 40% and above but below 50% in the aggregate for the Part I, II, III & IV shall be declared to have passed the examination in the FIRST, SECOND and THIRD class respectively. Candidates who pass all the examinations (Part I, II, III and IV) prescribed for the course in the FIRST APPEARANCE ITSELF ALONE are eligible for the Autonomous College Ranking.
PRESIDENCY COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI-600 005 DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
B.Sc. (Geology) CBCS / OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION
(FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021) PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs) A graduate consequent to the award of degree will be able to: PEO1: Self-motivate oneself in self-directed continuous learning for the professional and personal growth to challenge the global competition. PEO2: Develop managerial skills and entrepreneurial skills by harnessing core competencies built with values and ethics. PEO3: Contribute one’s mite to promoting environmental sustainability and social inclusivity. PEO4: Apply the skills acquired and use the knowledge to become a creative professional in one’s chosen area of work. PEO5: Excel in achieving economic and social equity for women through application of relevant knowledge. PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs) PO1- Understanding and applying the scientific knowledge to find sustainable solution to theproblems which exist or crop up in the society/Industry PO2- Correlating the principles and findings of science to the scientific world and apply them in everyday life. PO3- Imbibing the fundamental concepts of basic life sciences relevant to life at the National and Global levels leading to one’s own individual progress and career advancement. PO4- Developing the communication skills to vent their views powerfully and express ideas (oral / written) effectively in English and in other related languages. PO5- Evolving sustainable solutions for complex problems of the society in general and for public health and safety, cultural, societal and environmental anomalies. PO6- Innovating and initiating novel ideas to yield substantial results in the fieldsofresearch by utilizing the principles and findings of Plant Sciences.
PRESIDENCY COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI - 600005 COURSE: B. Sc.,GEOLOGY
PA
RT
COURSE SUBJECT CODE TITLE
CR
ED
IT Ins
. Hrs/
Week
Marks
CIA Ext. Exam Total
SEMESTER I
I LANGUAGE I 20LJA1 LANGUAGE PAPER I 3 6 25 75 100
II ENGLISH I 20EHA1 ENGLISH PAPER I 3 4 25 75 100
III CORE COURSE I 20MVA1 PHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 4
12
25 75 100
III CORE
COURSE II
20MVB1 GEOSTATISTICS - I 4 25 75 100
III MAJOR
PRACTICAL I
20MVP1 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY 40 60 100
III ALLIED COURSE I
20ASV1 / 20APV1
ALLIED CHEMISTRY – I / ALLIED MATHEMATICS – I
4 or 5
4 or 6
25 75 100
III ALLIED
PRACTICAL I
20ASVP1 ALLIED CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL 2 or 0
25 75 100
IV SOFT SKILL I 20CSE1 SOFT SKILLS I 3 2 25 75 100
TOTAL 21 or 22
30 215 585 800
SEMESTER II
I LANGUAGE II
20LJB2 LANGUAGE PAPER II 3 6 25 75 100
II ENGLISH II
20EHB2 ENGLISH PAPER II 3 4 25 75 100
III CORE
COURSE III
20MVC2 GEOSTATISTICS - II 4
6
25 75 100
III MAJOR
PRACTICAL I
20MVP1 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY 4 40 60 100
III ALLIED COURSE
II
20ASV2 / 20APV2
ALLIED CHEMISTRY – I /ALLIED MATHEMATICS - I
4 or 5
4 or 6
25 75 100
III ALLIED
PRACTICAL I
20ASVP1 ALLIED CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL 2 or 0
2 or 0
40 60 100
IV NME COURSE I 20NVED2 BASICS OF EARTH SCIENCES 2 3 25 75 100
IV EVS 20EVS2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
2 3 25 75 100
IV SOFT SKILL II
20CSE2 SOFT SKILLS II 3 2 25 75 100
TOTAL 27 or 26
30 255 645 900
SEMESTER - III
I LANGUAGE III 20LJC3 LANGUAGE PAPER III 3 6 25 75 100
II ENGLISH III 20EHC3 ENGLISH PAPER III 3 4 25 75 100
III CORE
COURSE IV
20MVD3 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND GEOTECTONICS 4
12
25 75 100
III CORE
COURSE V
20MVF3 PALAEONTOLOGY 4 25 75 100
PAR
T COURSE SUBJECT
CODE TITLE
CR
ED
IT Ins
. Hrs/
Week
Marks
CIA Ext. Exam Total
III MAJOR
PRACTICAL II
20MVP2 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, REMOTE, SENSING, INTERNSHIP –I AND FIELD WORK-I 40 60 100
III ALLIED COURSE
III 20ARV3 ALLIED PHYSICS-I 4 4 25 75 100
III ALLIED
PRACTICAL II
20ARVP2 ALLIEDPHYSICS PRACTICAL 40 60 100
IV SOFT SKILL III 20CSE3 SOFT SKILLS III 3 3 25 75 100
21 30
SEMESTER - IV
I LANGUAGE IV 20LJD4 LANGUAGE PAPER IV 3 6 25 75 100
II ENGLISH IV 20EHD4 ENGLISH PAPER IV 3 4 25 75 100
III CORE
COURSE VI
20MVG4 MINERALOGY 4
12
25 75 100
III CORE
COURSE VII
20MVH4 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND REMOTE SENSING 4 40 60 100
III MAJOR
PRACTICAL II
20MVP2 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, REMOTE, SENSING, INTERNSHIP –I AND FIELD WORK-I 4 40 60 100
III ALLIED COURSE
IV 20ARV4 ALLIED PHYSICS-II 4 4 25 75 100
III ALLIED
PRACTICAL II
20ARVP2 ALLIEDPHYSICS PRACTICAL 2 2 40 60 100
IV SOFT SKILL IV 20CSE4 SOFT SKILLS IV 3 3 25 75 100
27 30
SEMESTER - V
III CORE
COURSE VIII
20MVI5 IGNEOUS PETROLOGY 4
25
25 75 100
III CORE
COURSE IX
20MVJ5 METAMORPHIC AND SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY 4 25 75 100
III MAJOR
PRACTICAL III
20MVP3 MINERALOGY, PETROLOGY AND INTERNSHIP- II 40 60 100
III MAJOR
PRACTICAL IV
20MVP4 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, ORE ANALYSIS AND FIELD WORK –II 40 60 100
III ELECTIV
E COURSE I
20MVEA5 STRATIGRAPHY 5 25 75 100
IV NME
COURSE II
20NVED5 RAIN WATER HARVESTING 2 3 25 75 100
IV VALUE
EDUCATION
20VEA5 VALUE EDUCATION 2 2 25 75 100
17 30
SEMESTER - VI
III CORE
COURSE X
20MVK6 REGIONAL GEOLOGY 4
30
25 75 100
III CORE
COURSE XI
20MVL6 APPLIED GEOLOGY AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY 4 25 75 100
PAR
T COURSE SUBJECT
CODE TITLE
CR
ED
IT Ins
. Hrs/
Week
Marks
CIA Ext. Exam Total
III MAJOR
PRACTICAL III
20MVP3 MINERALOGY, PETROLOGY AND INTERNSHIP- II 4 40 60 100
III MAJOR
PRACTICAL IV
20MVP4 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, ORE ANALYSIS AND FIELD WORK -II 4 40 60 100
III
ELECTIVE
COURSE II
20MVEA6 HYDROGEOLOGY 5 25 75 100
III
ELECTIVE
COURSE III
20MVEC6 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY & MINERAL ECONOMICS 5 25 75 100
V
EXTENSION
ACTIVITIES
20EXV6 EXTENSION ACTIVITY 1
TOTAL 27 30
Total Credits 140
Teaching Hours for Part IV COURSES like NME should not be altered
Credits for any course should not be altered
Note: If the department desires, one core course can be replaced by a project
NME NON MAJOR ELECTIVE EVS ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Allied Geology for II B.Sc., Geography Students
III Semester III ALLIED I ALLIED GEOLOGY I 4 4 25 75 100 III Semester IV ALLIED II ALLIED GEOLOGY II 4 4 25 75 100 III Semester IV ALLIED PRACTICAL ALLIED GEOLOGYPRACTICAL 2 2 40 60 100
SEMESTER - I
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVA1 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75
INTERNAL MARKS: 25 SEMESTER- I CORE- I PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 4
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY Unit I
Universe – Evolution of the Universe – Stellar system – Milky Way Galaxy –Evolution of Galaxy. Solar System – Inner and outer planets – characteristics of solar system. Satellites – Asteroids – Meteors – comets. Earth – movements – revolution – rotation – solstice – equinox – time – GMT – IST. Atmosphere –Monsoon- El Nino – hydrosphere – lithosphere- Origin of the Earth – Nebular and Planetesimal hypothesis – Tidal &Vonweizacker’s hypothesis – merits and demerits of the above hypotheses Unit II
Age of the Earth – old methods – new methods – Radioactivity – Half-life period – Radiometric methods – Uranium / Lead method – Rubidium / Strontium method – Lead / Lead method – Potassium/Argon -Carbon 14 method. Numerical methods in dating. Interior of the Earth – Density – Shape – Seismic waves – Composition and thickness of the crust, mantle and core. Discontinuities: Conrad Discontinuity – MohorovicicDiscontinuity – Weichert-Guttenberg Discontinuity. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Unit III Definition of crystal – Unit cell, Bravais Lattices, Plane groups, Point groups & Space
groups - Crystallographic axes – Symmetry Elements – Division of crystals into systems and Point groups – Axial Ratio – Parameters – Indices – Miller Indices – Symbol – Hermann Mauguin notations –Law of Rational Indices – Forms – simple – combination – open – closed – unit – holohedral – hemihedral – tetrahedral – hemimorphic – enantiomorphous forms – Interfacial angle and its measurement with Contact Goniometer. Types of Goniometers.
Unit IV Study of common forms and combinations of the following systems and classes: Isometric System: Hexoctahedral, Diploidal, Hextetrahedral – Tetragonal System: Ditetragonalbipyramidal, Tetragonal bipyramidal, Tetragonal Pyramidal, Tetragonal Sphenoidal – Hexagonal System: DihexagonalBipyramidal, Hexagonal BipyramidalTrigonal System – DitrigonalScalenohedral - Ditrigonal pyramidal, Trirhombohedral, Trigonaltrapezohedral.
Unit V Study of common forms and combinations of the following systems and classes: Orthorhombic System: Rhombic Bipyramidal, Rhombic pyramidal, RhombicDisphenoidal – Monoclinic System: Prismatic – Triclinic System: Pinacoidal – Twinning in crystals – laws of twinning – types: contact, interpenetration, polysynthetic, repeated – important examples from six systems – Irregularities of crystals-An introduction to stereographic projection. COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No. Course Outcomes: On completion of the course, students will be able to Level CO-1 Understand the origin of Galaxy, Our Solar System and Crystal Science K1 CO-2 Knowledge on Dating of Earth Age K2 CO-3 Correlate various Hypothesis on Origin of Earth K3 CO-4 Analyze the importance of Crystallography Studies K4
CO-5 Various Type minerals and their respective crystal system K5
CO-6 To improve their ability to self-study and acquire knowledge Earth’s Physiography and Crystal systems. K6
Books for References
• Mineralogy – Dexter Perkins (2014), 3rd edition, Pearson New International Edition. • Introduction to Mineralogy – William D. Nesse (2000), Oxford University press, New
York. USA. • Textbook of Mineralogy – E.S. Dana, (2000), 3rd edition, CBS Publishers &
Distributers, New Delhi. • Crystals and Crystal Structures – Richard J. D. Tilley(2006), John Wiley & Sons,
England. • Introduction to Mineralogy, Crystallography & Petrology – Carl W. Correns (1967),
2nd edition, Springer
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVB1 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25
SEMESTER- I PART-IV CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 2
GEO STATISITCS-I
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This paper provides the applications of statistics in geology. It explains the important concepts of statistics and statistical data in geology. It provides to formulate the visualization of frequency distribution of geological data. Also they measure the averages, dispersions, relationship among geological variables, estimate and predict the unknown and future values for geological variables through regression and curve fitting.
Unit I - 9 Hours
Introduction to Statistics:
Definition and scope of statistics.
Presentation of Data:
Classification and Tabulation of data, Formation of Frequency Distribution-Diagrammatic representation of data-Bar diagrams, Pie diagrams-Graphic Representation of data-Histogram, Frequency polygon-Ogives.
Unit II - 9 Hours
Measures of Central tendency
Measures of Central Tendency-Arithmetic Mean, Median, Mode, Combined arithmetic mean – Its merits and demerits.
Unit III - 9 Hours
Measures of Dispersion:
Measures of Dispersion- Absolute and Relative measures of Range, Quartile deviation, Mean deviation and Standard deviation.
Unit IV - 9 Hours
Correlation analysis:
Definition of Correlation-Karl person’s coefficient of correlation, Rank correlation- Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient.
Regression analysis:
Definition of Regression-regression equations and their properties.
Unit V - 9 Hours
Curve fitting:
Cure filling by the Method of Least square-Fitting straight line of the form Y=a+bx and second degree parabola Y= a+bx+cx2 (Simple problems).
Examination Question paper Should be: 60% Problems & 40% Theory.
BOOKS FOR STUDY
Gupta, S.P. (2007): Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand & SonsPvt Ltd, New Delhi,
35th Revised Edition.
UNIT – I Chapter 1 Volume-I:
Pages: 1 to 23
Chapter 5 Volume-I: Pages: 91 to 126
Chapter 6 Volume-I: Pages: 127 to 176
UNIT – II
Chapter 7 Volume-I: Pages: 177 – 270
UNIT – III Chapter 8 Volume-I:
Pages: 271-335 UNIT – IV
Chapter 10 Volume-I: Pages: 389-450
Chapter 11 Volume-I:
Pages: 451-493
UNIT – V
Chapter 14 Volume-I:
Pages: 635-644
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE 1. Statistics for Geoscientists. : Marsal. D (1987), Pergamon press, New
York. 2. Statistics : R.S.N. Pillai and V. Bhagavathi,
Publications S. Chand.
WEBSITE:
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_statistics
• https://socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdesc.php
• http://onlinestatbook.com/2/introduction/descriptive.html
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
• To describe the definition, scope, classification, tabulation, drawing diagrams and
plotting graphs of Statistics through Geological information.
• To measure and interpret the various measures of averages using Geological data.
• To measure and interpret the various measures of dispersions using Geological data.
• To measure and interpret the relationship among the geological variables and to
estimate and predict the unknown and future value through the regression lines using
geological data.
• To fit the curve using geological data.
SEMESTER - II
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVC2 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25 SEMESTER- II PART-IV CREDIT- 2 HOURS- 2
GEO STATISITCS-II COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This paper provides the applications of statistics in geology. It explains the important concepts of time series data in geology. It provides to study sampling methods testing of hypothesis for large sample tests of geological data.
Unit I - 9 Hours Components of time series-Trend, Seasonal Variation, Cyclical variation and Irregular
variation-Measurements of seasonal variation. (Simple, average method) Unit II - 9 Hours Simple random sampling methods with and without replacement-Lottery method.
Estimation of Mean and total only. Unit III - 9 Hours Stratified random sampling- Equal allocation and proportional allocation. Estimation of
mean and total only. Concept of sampling and non-sampling errors. Unit IV - 9 Hours Large sample tests (Simple Concepts)- Test for Single proportion, Test for difference of
proportions, Test for single mean, Test for difference of means. -Test for independence of attributes (2X2) Contingency table.
Unit V - 9 Hours
Uses of statistical software’s –Microsoft Excel, R and SPSS. Examination Question paper Should be : 60% Problems & 40% Theory.
BOOKS FOR STUDY
Gupta, S.P. (2007): Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand & SonsPvt Ltd, New Delhi,
35th Revised Edition.
UNIT – I Chapter 14 Volume-I:
Pages: 611 to 696
UNIT – II
Chapter 4 Volume-I: Pages: 71 – 74
UNIT – III Chapter 4 Volume-I:
Pages: 75-78 UNIT – IV
Chapter 3 Volume-II: Pages: 925-933
Chapter 4 Volume-II: Pages: 984-990
UNIT – V
Refer Websites
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Statistics for Geoscientists. : Marsal. D (1987), Pergamon press, New York.
2. Statistics :
R.S.N. Pillai and V. Bhagavathi, Publications S. Chand.
WEBSITE:
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_series
• https://pradeepchandrasekar.weebly.com/uploads/4/7/8/2/4782780/unit_v.pdf
• http://www.gdcboysang.ac.in/About/droid/uploads/EconomicsPart3.pdf
• https://www.questionpro.com/blog/types-of-sampling-for-social-research/
• https://www.911metallurgist.com/blog/mining-geology-sampling-methods-
channel-chip-core
• https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-statistics/s12-05-large-sample-
tests-for-a-popul.html
• https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Statistics/Book%3A_Intro
ductory_Statistics_(Shafer_and_Zhang)/08%3A_Testing_Hypotheses/8.02%3A_
Large_Sample_Tests_for_a_Population_Mean
• https://www.ibm.com/in-en/analytics/spss-statistics-software
• https://www.r-project.org/
https://www.excel-easy.com/data-analysis.html
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
• To study and interpret the time series data through Geological information.
• To describe the simple random sample using Geological data.
• To understand the stratified random sample using Geological data.
• To test and interpret the large sample using Geological data.
• To learn the analysis of Geological data through Statistical software’s.
SUBJECT CODE: 20NVED2 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25 SEMESTER- II
NME - I CREDIT- 3 HOURS- 3
BASICS OF EARTH SCIENCES
Unit I Universe – Evolution of the Universe. Solar System – Inner and outer planets –
characteristics of solar system. Satellites – Asteroids – Meteors – comets. Earth – movements – revolution – rotation – solstice – equinox. Atmosphere - El Nino – hydrosphere – lithosphere- Origin of the Earth.
Unit II Age of the Earth - old methods – new methods – Radioactivity – Half-life period –
Radiometric methods. Interior of the Earth – Density – Shape – Seismic waves – Composition and thickness of the crust, mantle and core. Discontinuities: Conrad Discontinuity – MohorovicicDiscontinuity.
Unit III:
Introduction to Geomorphology: Geological action of wind, water, glaciers and ground water. Volcanoes and earthquakes. Rock deformation: Folds, Faults, Joints, Cleavage, Unconformities, Concepts of plate tectonics, sea floor spreading and geosynclines.
Unit IV:
Study of Fossils- Introduction, Geological Record and its nature.Geological Time Scale.Introduction, Definition of Paleontology, Classification of Plants, Invertebrate and Vertebrate fossils. Fossils -Tophonomy (Burial Law), Types of Fossilization, Mode of preservation- Applications of Fossils– National fossil parks across India. Unit V: Applications of Geology:Environmental impacts due to mining and mineral process, Engineering Geology: Dams, Reservoirs and Tunnels, strategic, critical and essential mineral –Mineral resources of India. Fossil Fuels and Groundwater. COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Gather basic information on Earth Sciences K1 CO-2 Understand the importance of various components of Earth K2, CO-3 Process of Geomorphological features K3,
K4, K5 CO-4 Understand, predict and analyze the fossil and dating K1,
K2, K3,
CO-5 Apply the geological knowledge in various civil structures K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Engineering and general geology : Parbin Singh (2003) S.K.Kataria and sons, Delhi, India.
2. General Geology : V.Radhakrishnan (1996) V.V.P.Publishers, Tuticorin,India.
3. Invertebrate Palaeontology : H.Woods, (1985), CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
4. Fossils at a glance : Clare Milsom and Sue Rigby. – 2nd ed, Wiley - Blackwell Publ. 2010
5. Structural geology : Billing. M.P. (1974), Prentice Hall, New Delhi. 6. Geology of India and Burma : M.S. Krishnan, (2010), 6th Edi., C.B.S
publishers and Distributors, Delhi 7. Geology of India : D.N. Wadia, (1966), McMillan company,
London
SUBJECT CODE: 20EVS2 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25
SEMESTER- II EVS PART-IV CREDIT- 2 HOURS- 2
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
UNIT I The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies – Definition, scope and importance, need for public awareness.
UNIT II Natural resources – Renewable and nonrenewable resources: Natural resources and associated problems. a) Forest resources – use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on the forests and tribal people. b) Water resources – use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems. c) Mineral resources - use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. d) Food resources – world food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. e) Energy resources – growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources, case studies. f) Land resources – land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources.Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
UNIT III Ecosystems – Concept of an ecosystem. Structure and function of an ecosystem.Producers, consumers and decomposers.Energy flow in the ecosystem.Ecologicalsuccession.Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem: a) forest ecosystem, b) grassland ecosystem, c) desert ecosystem and aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans and estuaries)
UNIT IV Biodiversity and its conservation - Introduction – definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Bio-geographical classification of India. Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values. Biodiversity at global, National and local levels.India as a mega-diversity nation.Hot-spots of biodiversity. Threats of biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, manwildlife conflicts. Endangered and endemic species of India. Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
UNIT V
Environmental pollution – Definition. Causes, effects and control measures of: - a) air pollution, b) water pollution, c) soil pollution, d) marine pollution, e) noise pollution, f) thermal pollution and nuclear hazards. Soil waste management: causes, effects and
control measures of urban and industrial wastes. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.Pollution case studies. Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
UNIT VI
Social issues and the environment – from unsustainable to sustainable development. Urban problems related to energy. Water conservation, rain water harvesting, water shed management. Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns.Case studies. Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. Climatic change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case studies.Wastelandreclamation.Consumerism and waste products.Environment protection Act.Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.Wildlife Protection Act.Forest Conservation Act. Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. Public awareness.
UNIT VII
Human Population and the Environment – Population growth, variation among nations.Population explosion – Family Welfare Programme.Environment and human health.HumanRights.ValueEducation.HIV/AIDS.Women and Child Welfare.Role of Information Technology in environment and human health.Case studies.
UNIT VIII
Field work – Visit to a local area to document environmental assets – river/forest/grassland/hill/mountain. Visit to a local polluted site – urban/rural/industrial/agricultural. Study of common plants, insects, birds. Study of simple ecosystems – pond, river, hill slopes, etc.
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Geology, environment, Society
: K.S.Valdiya (2004) Universities Press (India) Private limited, Hyderabad,India
2. Coping with natural hazards: Indian context
: K.S.Valdiya (2004) Orient Longman Private limited, Hyderabad,India
3. Environmental Studies : K. Kumaraswamy, (2004), Periyar E.V.R. College, Tiruchirapalli – 620 023.
4. A text book of Environmental science and Engineering
: P.Arul (2005) Dhanam Publications Chennai India.
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVP1 EXTERNAL MARKS: 60 INTERNAL MARKS: 40 SEMESTER- II CORE PRACTICAL-I PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 4
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
UNIT I Identification and description of the following fossils: Bivalvia: Arca, Meretrix, Pecten, Cardita, Lima, Allectryonia, Inoceramus, Gryphaea, Exogyra, Radiolites, Ostrea, Unio, Trigonia. Gastropods: Turritella, Turbo, Cerithium, Trochus, Physa, Murex, Voluta, Helix, Euomphalus, Cyprea.
UNIT II Cephalopods: Nautilus, Orthoceras, Ceratite, Goniatite, Belemnites, Baculites, Acanthocerasand Perisphinctes. Echinodermata: Cidaris, Holaster, Hemiaster, Gongrochanus, Apiocrinus. Trilobites: Paradoxides, Olenus, Olenellus, Phacops, Calymene, Agnostus.
UNIT IIICorals: Calceola, Zaphrentis, Lithostrotion, Omphyma, Thecosmelia. Brachiopoda: Terebratula, Rhynchonella, Spirifer, Productus; Graptolites: Monograptus, Tetragraptus, Diplograptus.
UNIT IV Isometric System: Normal Class – Galena, Fluorite, Magnetite, Garnet, and Leucite, Copper- Pyritohedral class – Pyrite, Tetrahedral Class – Tetrahedrite.Tetragonal System: Normal Class – Zircon, Vesuvianite, Cassiterite, and Rutile. Tripyramidal – Scheelite, MeioniteSphenidal Class – Chalcopyrite.Hexagonal System: Normal Class – Beryl, Tripyramidal – Apatite, Hemimorphic – Zincite, Rhombohedral Normal – Calcite, Trapezohedral Class – Quartz.
UNIT VOrthorhombic System: Normal – Barite, Sulphur, Stibnite, Topaz, Staurolite, and Aragonite. Hemimorphic – Calymene, Sphenoidal Class – Epsomite.Monoclinic System: Normal – Gypsum, Pyroxenes and Amphiboles.Triclinic System: Normal – Axinite, Albite, and Rhodonite.Twin Crystals: Contact and Penetration twins of Fluorite, Iron Cross Twin of Pyrite, Knee type twin of Cassiterite, Polysynthetic twin of Aragonite, Cyclic twin of Cerussite, Swallow Tail of Gypsum, Twins of Carlsbad, Baveno, Manebach, Albite law of Albite.
Trip toNational Geological monument in St Thomas mount, Pallavaram(Geological Important Areas around Chennai City for a day or two.)
SEMESTER – III
SUBJECT CODE:20MVD3 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25
SEMESTER- III CORE- IV PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 4
GEOMORPHOLOGY AND GEOTECTONICS
.UNIT I
Interpretation of fluvial cycle - Landforms developed by running water – valley development, river capture, waterfalls, meandering, river terraces, Lakes, their types and deposits. Geological work of wind and Underground water.
UNIT II
Glaciers – formation, movement, types and landforms due to their erosional and transportational activity. Topography of ocean floor –erosional and depositional features of oceans – Coral reefs, types, theories for the origin of coral reefs – Submarine Canyons.
UNIT III Mountains – their kinds, development and important mountain building movements. Processes of weathering – types and products- Mass Movements.
UNIT IV Earthquakes – types – seismographs – intensity and Magnitude scales (Richter &Mercalli) –Tsunami-Global Distribution; Volcanoes – structure, types – products – Global Distribution .
UNIT V Continental drift – Wegner Concept – various evidences. Plate tectonics – concept – plate characteristics – larger and smaller plates – types of plate boundaries – causes and mechanism of plate motions.
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Know the basics of Geotectonics and landforms K1 CO-2 Understand the importance of various geomorphological agencies K2, CO-3 Process of Geomorphological features and creation of landforms K3,
K4, K5 CO-4 Understand and predict Earth’s Internal and external processes K1,
K2, K3,
CO-5 Predict the future from the past formed features K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Principles of Geomorphology : William D. Thornbury, (2004) CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
2. Geomorphology : Arthur. L. Bloom, (2002), Prentice Hall, New York
3. A Text book of Geomorphology : C. G. Worcester, (1969), Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, New York.
4. Principles of Physical Geology : Arthur Holmes, (1972), The English Language Book Society and Nelson, London.
5. General Geology : V.Radhakrishnan (1996) V.V.P.Publishers, Tuticorin,India.
6. Physical Geography : Arthur N. Strahler, (1975), Johm Wiley & Sons, New York.
7. Dynamic Earth : Wiley.P.J (1971), John Wiley & Sons, New York.
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVF3 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25
SEMESTER- II CORE- V PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 4
PALAEONTOLOGY
UNIT I
Fossils –Definition-conditions required for fossilization-Modes of preservation-Uses of fossils. Geological time scale.
UNIT II
The morphology and geological distribution of Mollusca- classes, Pelecypoda, gastropoda, Cephalopoda – orders - Nautiloidea, Ammonoidea, Dibranchia – Belemnites.
UNIT III
Phylum – Brachiopoda, Phylum – Coelenterata.ClassAnthozoa – Subclass Zoantharia Orders Rugosa, Tabulata and Scaleractina. Phylum – Hemichordata – Class Graptozoa, order Dendroidea, Order Graptolitoidea.
UNIT IV
Phylum – Arthropoda Class – Trilobita Phylum – Echinodermata Class - Echinoidea Class – Crinoidea. Class: Blastoidea. Introduction to Paleobotany, Gondwana Flora.
UNIT V
Short account of the following Dinosaurs, Saurischian Dinosaur and Ornithistian Dinosaurs, Archaeopteryx, Elementary idea of Verterbrate fossils of India, Morphological character of Phylum – Protozoa, Order – Foraminifera.
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Understand the basics of Fossils K1 CO-2 Understand the importance of fossils in Geological studies K2, CO-3 Know different phulum and their species with morphological changes K3,
K4, K5 CO-4 Understand and correlate fossil with various rock formations K1,
K2, K3,
CO-5 Understand the importance of Palaeontology in dating and evolution studies
K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE 1. Palaeontology Evolution and animal
distribution. : P.C. Jain and M.S. Anantharaman,
(1996), Vishal Publications, Jalandhar. 2. Invertebrate Palaeontology : H.Woods, (1985), CBS Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi. 3. The Evolution of vertebrates : Colbert E.H, (1989), 2ndEdi., Wiley
Eastern Limited, New Delhi.
4. Principles of Invertebrate Palaeontology
: Shrock R.R and Twenohofel W.H, (2005), CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
5. Invertebrate Fossils. : Moore R.C, Lalicker C.G and Fisher A.G (1952) McGraw Hill.
6. The Vertebrate Story
: Romer A.S, (1959) University of Chicago Press, 4thEdt. Chicago.
7. Palaeontology An Introduction : E.W.Nield and V.C.T.Tucker (1985) Pergamon Press, Oxford.
SUBJECT CODE:20MVP2 EXTERNAL MARKS: 60 INTERNAL MARKS: 40
SEMESTER- II CORE PRACTICAL-II PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 4
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, REMOTE SENSING, INTERNSHIP-I AND FIELD
WORK - I STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND PHOTOGEOLOGY
UNIT I
Contour Maps and their interpretation – Exercises to find out trend of the outcrop of horizontal, vertical, inclined beds with respect to topography – Reading of solid, conformable maps – Deciphering dip and strike of outcrops - Completion of map when three points over a bedding plane are given – Determination of vertical thickness of formations.
UNIT II
Reading of solid fold and fault maps – Determination of throw of faults – Construction of vertical sections – Reading of unconformable solid maps – Construction of sections – Reading of solid maps of areas with more than one structure and intrusion – Writing of geological history. Solving of dip and strike problems by trignometrical method – Determination of true thickness of beds by calculations
UNIT III
Interpretation of geomorphology, lithology and geological structures on aerial photographs. Visit to nearby geological organizations
SURVEY
UNIT IV
Definition – Primary divisions – classification – Chain survey – description of instruments employed – chain traverse – Compass survey – description of prismatic compass – whole circle bearings – reduced bearings – quadrantal bearings – open traverse – closed traverse – finding distance between inaccessible stations – locating the instrument station - GPS - Clinometer compass – finding dip and strike of beds – Modern Surveying.
UNIT V
INTERNSHIP – I AND FIELD WORK - I
During summer vacation the student has to visit the geological organisations in their
home town and has to get training for a minimum of a week and submit the
participation certificate at the time of main practical examination.
In the partial fulfilment of the B.Sc Geology degree course, the students should be
taken to areas of geological importance for a period of 5 to 7 days, to collect fossils.
They should present the collected specimens and their thin sections and submit a
report on the field training at the time of the Main Practical Examination.
Internal Assessment Marks for the practical are given below:
Attendance in Practical Classes: 5 marks;
Practical Tests: 10 marks.
Full Attendance during field training, submission of internship participation certificate
and field report along with the specimens: 25 marks.
Total: 40 marks.
Visit to a nearby Geological organization for a day or two.
SEMESTER – IV
SUBJECT CODE:20MVG4 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75
INTERNAL MARKS: 25 SEMESTER- IV CORE- VI PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 4
MINERALOGY UNIT I
Definition of mineral – General principles of chemistry as applied to minerals. Atoms, Molecules, Atomic Number, Valence, Ionic Radii, Coordinating Number, Bonding – Isomorphism, Polymorphism, Pseudomorphism.Physical properties of minerals depending upon Cohesion and Elasticity, Specific Gravity, Light, Heat, Electricity, Magnetism and of the Senses.
UNIT II
Nature of light – ordinary and polarized light – monochromatic light – Refraction and Reflection – Refractive Index – Critical Angle and Total reflection – Single refraction - Double refraction – Nicol Prism. Petrological Microscope and its parts – Behavior of light in its passage through a petrological microscope – Uses of quartz wedge, gypsum plate and mica plate - Classification of minerals into Isotropic and Anisotropic.
UNIT III
Uniaxial and Biaxial minerals – Uniaxial and Biaxial indicatrices – Dichroism and Pleochroism – Types of Extinction – straight or parallel, symmetrical and inclined – Extinction angle – Determination of extinction angle - A brief account of Silicate structures
UNIT IV Descriptive mineralogy of the following essential rock forming minerals:- Quartz and its varieties – Families of Feldspar and Feldspathoids - Olivine and Garnet groups-Epidote, Beryl & Tourmaline UNIT V Descriptive mineralogy of the following rock forming mineral groups: - Amphibole and Pyroxene. Mica and Chlorite groups – Serpentine – Kaolin- Talc and Steatite - . Zircon – Sphene – Topaz – Andalusite – Sillimanite – Kyanite – Staurolite - Rutile – Calcite – Dolomite – Apatite – Fluorite.
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Understand the basics of Minerals K1 CO-2 Understand the importance of Minerals in Geological studies K2, CO-3 Know different group of minerals systems K3,
K4, K5 CO-4 Understand the descriptive mineralogy of different groups K1,
K2, K3,
CO-5 Understand the importance of Minerals and mineralogical studies K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. A Text book of Mineralogy : E.S. Dana, (2000) CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
2. Rutley’s Elements of Mineralogy : C.D. Gribble, (1991), CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
3. Dana’s Manual of Mineralogy : C. Hurlbut, John Wiley & Sons, New York
4. Optical Mineralogy : P.F. Kerr, (1959), McGraw Hill Book company, New York.
5. An Introduction to Rock forming Minerals
: Deer, Howie and Hussmann, (1982), 2nd Edit., Orient Longman, London.
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVH4 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25 SEMESTER- IV CORE- VII PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 4
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND REMOTE SENSING
UNIT I
Definition and scope of structural geology – topographic forms – topographic map – geological map – contour lines – stratum contours – outcrops and exposures.Attitude of beds – dip and strike – slope – Clinometer, Brunton compass and GPS (Global Positioning System) and its uses.
UNIT II
Fold: Definition and parts of fold; classification of folds. Joints: Description and classification.Description and origin of foliations and lineations.
UNIT III
Fault: Definition and parts of fault; classification of faults – Horst – Graben – Nappe – Fenster – Klippe – overthrust. Unconformity: Definition – types of unconformity – inlier and outlier.
UNIT IV
Aerial Remote Sensing: Definition and scope of photogeology - Aerial photographs – types – geometry of aerial photographs – tip and tilt – nadir point – principal point – fiducial marks – scale of photographs – vertical exaggeration – Stereoscopy – pocket lens and mirror stereoscope - mosaics – controlled and uncontrolled.
UNIT V
Satellite Remote Sensing –Principles of Remote Sensing –Components of remote sensing system Electro Magnetic Radiations (EMR) – Satellites – Sensors and platforms – Indian and foreign Satellites.Introduction to Geographic Information System (GIS); components of GIS; productgeneration in GIS; tools for map analysis; integration of GIS and remote sensing
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Understand the basics components of Structural Geology K1 CO-2 Know the formations of geological formations K2, CO-3 Basics of Aerial Photographs K3,
K4, K5 CO-4 Understand the Application of Satellite science K1,
K2, K3,
CO-5 Analyse various physiographical features through GIS K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Structural geology : Billing. M.P. (1974), Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
2. An outline of Structural Geology : Hobbs, B.E., Means, W.D. and Williams, P.F. (1976):, John Wiley, New York.
3. Structural and Tectonic Principles : Badgley.P.C. (1965):, Harper International, New York.
4. Basic Problems of Geotectonics : Belousov.V.V. (1962):, McGraw Hill, New York
5. Structural Geology : De Sitter. L.U. (1956):, McGraw Hill, New York
6. Elements of Structural Geology : Hill. E.S. (1972):, John Wiley, New York 7. Aerial Photographic Interpretation : Lueder.D.R. (1959):, McGraw Hill, New
York. 8. Photo geology : Miller. C. (1961):, McGraw Hill, New York. 9. Remote Sensing : Sabins.F.F. (1978), W.H. Free Man, San
Francisco. 10. Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation : Lillesand, ThomsKiefes:, (1979) John Wiley
and Sons. 11. Principles & applications of
photogeology : Shiv, N. Pandey (1987), Willey Eastern
Ltd. New Delhi.
SEMESTER –V
SUBJECT CODE:20MVI5 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25 SEMESTER- V CORE- VIII PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 4
IGNEOUS PETROLOGY
UNIT I Rocks – Classification into Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic groups. Distribution of elements in the crust – Divisions of igneous rocks as plutonic, hypabyssal and volcanic – Intrusive and extrusive forms – Structures. UNIT II
Textures and Microstructures – Classification of Igneous rocks (Tyrell and Streikeisen).
UNIT III
Composition and constitution of magma – Study of unicomponent magma – Binary system: Diopside and Anorthite, Albite and Anorthite, and Forsterite and Silica systems – Ternary System represented by Albite – Anorthite – Diopside – Bowen‘s reaction principle.
UNIT IV
Petrographic characters of Granites, Diorites, Syenites, Gabbros, Dolerite, Basalt, Pegmatites, Aplites and Lamprophyres.
UNIT V
Origin of igneous rocks - Differentiation – Assimilation, - Petrography of special rock types, Anorthosite and Carbonatites.
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Understand the basic Petrology K1 CO-2 Know the textures and micro-structures K2, CO-3 Know composition of magma and various system of rock formation K3,
K4, K5 CO-4 Understand the Petrographical characters of rocks K1,
K2, K3,
CO-5 Analyse Origin of various rock types K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Principles of Petrology : G. W. Tyrrel, (1985), CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
2. Petrology for students : Nockolds,S.R., Knox O.B., Chinner,G.A (1979),Cambridge University Press.
3. Petrology : Haung. T., (1962), McGraw Hill Pvt. Ltd., New York.
4. Petrology of Igneous rocks : Hatch & Wells, (2003), Thomas Murby, London.
5. Petrography : William, H., Turner, F.J., Gilbert, S.C. M, (1965), Vakols, Feffer& Simons Pvt Ltd., Bombay.
6. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
: Turner.F.J and Verhoogen.J, (1966), CBS Publisher & Distributors, New Delhi.
7. Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary & Metamorphic
: Ernest G Ehlers, Harbey Blatt, (1999), CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
8. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
: Myron G. Best, (1986), CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVJ5 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25
SEMESTER- V CORE- IX PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 4
METAMORPHIC AND SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY
SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY
UNIT I
Classification (Tyrrel and Pettijohn) – Structures – Descriptive Petrography of Residual sediments.
UNIT II
Descriptive Petrography of clastic - Arenaceous, Argillaceous and Rudaceous - Chemical and Organic deposits.
METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY
UNIT III
Definition – Agents and kinds of metamorphism – structure and textures – Depth zones – A brief study of Facies and grades.
UNIT IV
Cataclastic metamorphism and its products, thermal and dynamothermal metamorphism on QuartzoFelspathic, argillaceous, calcareous and basic igneous rocks.
UNIT V Plutonic metamorphism on Quartzo-felspathic, argillaceous, calcareous and basic igneous rocks – Charnockites – Metasomatism – A brief account of migmatites – Anatexis and palingenesis and retrogressive metamorphism.
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Understand the basic Petrology K1 CO-2 Know the macro and micro-structures K2, CO-3 Know various agents of sedimentary and metamorphic petrology K3,
K4, K5 CO-4 Understand the Petrographical characters of rocks K1,
K2, K3,
CO-5 Analyse Origin of various rock types K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Principles of Petrology : G.W. Tyrrel, (1985), C.B.S Publishers and Distributors, Delhi.
1. Petrology for students : S.R. Nockolds, R.W.O.Knott& G.A Chinner, (1979), Cambridge University Press, London.
2. Petrology : W.J. Huang, McGraw Hill, New York. 3. Metamorphism : A. Harker, (1974), Chapman and Hall,
London. 4. Metamorphism : B. BaskarRao, (1986), Oxford I.B.D., New
Delhi. 5. Petrography : H.William, F.J. Turner & C.M. Gilbert,
(1954) San Francisco. 6. Introduction to Sedimentology : Sengupta.S.M, (2007), CBS Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi. 7. Sedimentary Rocks : Pettijohn.F.J, 2nd Edi, (2004), CBS
Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
SUBJECT CODE:20MVEA5 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75
INTERNAL MARKS: 25 SEMESTER- IV MAJOR ELECTIVE – I PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 4
STRATIGRAPHY
UNIT I
General Stratigraphy: Principles of Stratigraphy, – Time units – Time rock units – Standard Geological Time scale. INDIAN STRATIGRAPHY: ARCHAEAN: DharwarSupergroup – Champian Gneiss – Peninsular Gneiss – Closepet Granite- Sakoli Series – Saucer Series – Bundelkhand Gneiss – Banded gneissic complex – AravalliSupergroup – Raiolo Series - Singhbhum Iron ore Series – Singhbhum copper belt shear zone – Newer Dolerite – Mineral riches of Archaean. Mineral Occurrences in Geological Map.
UNIT II PROTEROZOIC: CuddapahSupergroup – Kaladgi series – Delhi Supergroup – Erinpura Granite – Malani Igneous suite – Hazara slates – Attock slates – Dogra Slates – Mineral riches of Cuddapah – VindyanSupergroup – Kurnool Supergroup – Bhima Series – Mineral riches of Vindhyan. UNIT III
PALAEOZOIC: Introduction to Cambrian of Salt range – Cambrian of Kashmir – Haimanta System – MuthQuartzites – Kanawar System – FenestellaShales – Kuling System – Everest Limestone – Panjal Volcanic Series. GondwanaSupergroup – Climate and Sedimentation – Classification – Lithology – Fossil contents – Distribution of Coal Deposits.
UNIT IV MESOZOIC: Triassic of Spiti – Succession and fossil contents Jurassic of Kutch and Rajasthan – Lameta beds of Jabalpur - Succession and fossil content – Cretaceous of Tiruchirapalli, Puducherry, Bagh beds and Assam. CENOZOIC: Deccan traps – Age – Distribution – Petrology – Infratrappean and Intertrappean beds: Cenozoic of Himalayas. UNIT V Tertiary of Northeast States and Tamil Nadu: Siwalik Supergroup – Varkala and Quilon beds of Kerala – Tertiary of Cambay a Karewa formation – Evolution of Himalayas - Pleistocene Glaciation – Indo - Gangetic alluvium – Laterite. COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Understand the basic of Historical Geology K1 CO-2 Know the Important group of Stratigraphic systems K2, CO-3 Know various economic importance of various periods K3,
K4, K5 CO-4 Understand the various rocks of different periods from the formation of
Earth K1, K2, K3,
CO-5 Present is the Key to the Past – Critical Analyse K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE 1. Geology of India and Burma : M.S. Krishnan, (2010), 6th Edi., C.B.S
publishers and Distributors, Delhi 2. Geology of India : D.N. Wadia, (1966), McMillan company,
London 3. Fundamentals of Historical
Geology and Stratigraphy of India : Ravindrakumar (1985), Wiley Eastern ltd,
New Delhi. 4. Principle of Stratigraphy : Dunbar and Roggers, (1964), John Wiley and
co, New York 5. An Introduction in Stratigraphy : Stamp L.D, (1964), Thomas Murby, Museum
St, WCI, London. 6. Stratigraphic Principles and
Practices : Weller, J.M, (1962), Harper & Bros, New
York.
SUBJECT CODE: 20NVED5 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25
SEMESTER - V MAJOR ELECTIVE - II PART- III CREDIT- 5 HOURS - 5
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
Unit I: Fundamental of climatology; latitudinal and seasonal variation of insolation, temperature, pressure, wind belts, humidity, cloud formation and precipitation. Monsoon, cyclonesandRainfall Distribution in India.
Unit II: Rain Water harvesting: principles. Different Water harvesting techniques – classification based on source, storage and use. Runoff harvesting – Long-term harvesting techniques - Short-term harvesting techniques – terracing and bunding, rock and groundcatchments. Unit III: Temporary Structures: Percolation pond – site selection, design and construction details. Design considerations of nala bunds. Soil erosion control structures – introduction, classification and functional requirements. Unit IV: Permanent Structures: Permanent strcuturesfor soil conservation and gully control – check dams, drop, chute and drop inlet spillways – design requirements, planning for design, design procedures – hydrologic, hydraulic and structural design and stability analysis. Unit V: Drop spillway – applicability, types – straight drop, boxtypeinlet spillways – description, functional use, advantages and disadvantages, straight apron and stilling basin outlet, structural components and functions. Chute spillway, Drop inlet spillway. COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Understand various hydrometeorological components K1 CO-2 Know the Important of Rain Water Harvesting K2, CO-3 Know various temporary and Permanent RWH structures K3,
K4, K5 CO-4 Know the planning and designing of RWH K1,
K2, K3,
CO-5 Have an idea of creation of RWH structures in a needy places K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE 1. Groundwater Hydrology : Todd.D.K. (1980) John Wiley Sons, Inc 2. Groundwater : Tolman.C. &Kazmann, (1972) McGraw
Hill Book Company. 3. Groundwater Drilling : Handa.O.P (1984) Oxford & I.B.H.
Publishing Co. 4. Groundwater : Raghunath.H.M. (1987) 2nd Edition,
Wiley Eastern Ltd. 5. Groundwater Assessment
Development and Management : Karanth.K.R. (1987) Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company, Ltd. 6. Climatology and Oceanography : D.S.Lal, (1998), ShardaPustakBhawan
COURSE B.Sc., GEOLOGY YEAR I SEMESTER I PAPER No VE PAPER TITLE VALUE EDUCATION CODE 20VEA5 HOURS OF INSTRUCTION 2 CREDITS 2
UNIT – I 1. Values and Value Education – Definition 2. Objectives of Value education 3 Kinds of values (a) Personal Values (b) Social Values(c) Moral and spiritual Values (d)
Behavioural Values UNIT – II Positive Attitudes and benefits, Negative attitudes and impact - Tirukkural and
Values Chapter No. ChapterChapter
8 Possessing Love 31 Avoidance of Anger 9 Hospitality 40 Learning 11 Gratitude 43 Wisdom
13 Possession of Self- Control 62 Perseverance 30 Truthfulness 79 Friendship
UNIT– III 1. Education and Social Transformation – Education as a tool for social change 2. Gender Equality – Feminism – Sex Education – AIDS 3. Globalization and its political, social, cultural, economic and educational
implications. UNIT– IV 1. Ethics in Advertising and Journalism 2. Human Rights: Issues and problems – Rights for children, Women and the
Disabled – Human Rights violations, Abuses against child and women. 3. Issues of Terrorism: Threat of Global Terrorism – Terrorism in India –
Secularism vs. Communalism in the Indian context. UNIT– V Food habits and diseases, Lifestyle and diseases, Personal hygiene, Importance
of keeping home and surroundings clean. Books Recommended:-
1. Ignacimuthu, S. Value for life Mumbai: Better Yourself Books, 199. 2. Daniel, J.T.K., and NirmalSelvomonyed: Value Eduation Today: Explorations in Social
Ethics: Chennai: Madras Christian College, 1990. 3. Vishwanathan, V.N.ed. Human Rights: Twenty – First Century Challenges Delhi: Kalpaz
Publications, 2008. 4. Rajagopalachari, C. TirukkuralBharatyaVidyaBhavan. 5. Stiglitz, Joseph E.Globalization and its Discontents. New York WW Norton & Co., 2003. 6. Bhagwati, Jagdish, In Defence of Globalization. New York: Oxford University Press,
2004. Methods: Lecture, Student centred interactive activities, Special lectures etc.
Evaluation Internal Assessment 25 marks
Semester End Examination 75 marks
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVP3 EXTERNAL MARKS: 60 INTERNAL MARKS: 40
SEMESTER- VI CORE PRACTICAL-III PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 6
MINERALOGY, PETROLOGYAND INTERNSHIP – II
UNIT I Megascopic identification and description of the following: quartz, chalcedony, opal, agate, flint, jasper, amethyst, rose quartz, orthoclase, microcline, albite, oligoclase, labradorite, adularia, sanidine, nepheline, sodalite, lapislazuli, hornblende, Actinolite, tremolite, enstatite, bronzite, hypersthene, augite, olivine, serpentine, muscovite, biotite, phlogopite, lepidolite, vermiculite, chlorite, epidote, garnet, apophyllite, stilbite, heulandite, talc, steatite, beryl, kaolin, cordierite, apatite, andalusite, staurolite, sillimanite, kyanite, tourmaline, topaz, calcite, dolomite and fluorspar.
UNIT II Microscopic identification and description of the following: quartz, orthoclase, albite, oligoclase, andesine, labradorite, anorthite, nepheline, leucite, sodalite, hypersthene, augite, diopside, aegerine, hornblende, tremolite, actinolite, glaucophane, riebeckite, muscovite, biotite, phlogopite, olivine, serpentine, chlorite, epidote, garnet, apatite, zircon, sphene, magnetite, tourmaline, calcite, dolomite, andalusite, staurolite, sillimanite and cordierite.
UNIT III Megascopic identification and description of the following rocks: granite, graphic granite, pegmatite, aplite, orbicular granite, schorl rock, tourmaline rock, granite porphyry, Syenite, dolerite, gabbro, anorthosite, olivine, gabbro, dunite, pyroxenite, norite, dolerite porphyry, basalt, trachyte, rhyolite, vitrophyre, obsidian, pumice, scoria, pitchstone, volcanic tuff and volcanic breccia.
UNIT IV Megascopic identification and description of the following: conglomerate, breccia,
laterite, sandstone, arkose, greywacke, grit, shales, limestones, chert, flint, peat, bituminous coal, anthracite, lignite, chalk, gneisses, schist, phyllite, slates, quartzite, marble, ophicalcite, itabirite, jaspillite, quartz-magnetite rock, amphibolite, eclogite, leptynite, khondalite, kodurite, gondite, charnockite, calc granulite and basic granulite.
UNIT V Microscopic identification and description of the following: mica granite, hornblende granite, tourmaline granite, schorl rock, aplite, graphic granite, quartz syenite, mica syenite, hornblende syenite, nephelinesyenite, quartz diorite, hornblende diorite, olivine gabbro, hypersthene gabbro, troctolite, dunite, peridotite granite porphyry; syenite porphyry, diorite porphyry, quartz porphyry, dolerite, minette, anorthosite, rhyolite, trachyte, andesite, basalt, leucite, phonolite, nosean, and volcanic breccia.
Microscopic identification and description of the following: sandstone, arkose, shale, limestone, slate, chiastolite, slate, mica schist, chlorite schist, hornblende schist, staurolite schist, kyanite schist, actinolite schist, glaucophane schist, amphibolite, mica gneiss, hornblende gneiss, sillimanite gneiss, cordierite gneiss, pyroxene granulite, calc granulite, charnockite, eclogite, quartzite marble, ophicalcite, khondalite and leptynite.
INTERNSHIP - II:
During summer vacation the student has to visit the geological organisation in their home
town and has to get training for a minimum of a week and submit the participation certificate
at the time of main practical examination.
Internal Assessment Marks for the practical are given below:
Attendance in Practical Classes: 5 marks;
Practical Tests: 10 marks.
Full Attendance during internship and submission of participation certificate: 25 marks.
Total: 40 marks.
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVP4 EXTERNAL MARKS: 60 INTERNAL MARKS: 40
SEMESTER- VI CORE PRACTICAL-IV PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 6
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY,
ORE ANALYSIS AND FIELD WORK II UNIT I
Megascopic identification, description of visible characteristics, mode of occurrence and uses of the following ores: galena, anglesite, cerrusite, sphalerite, zincite, willemite, bornite, azurite, chalcopyrite, cuprite, malachite.
UNIT II Megascopic identification, description of visible characteristics, mode of occurrence and uses of the following ores: haematite, magnetite, siderite, goethite, pyrolusite, psilomelane, rhodochrosite, rhodonite, chromite, cinnabar, bauxite, realgar, orpiment, stibnite, molybdenite, pyrite, coal and its varieties.
UNIT III Megascopic identification and description of: monazite, samarskite, columbite, tantalite, beryl, zircon, Megascopic identification and description of the following minerals used for industrial purposes – magnesite, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, strontianite, celestite, fluorite,apatite.
UNIT IV Megascopic identification and description of the following minerals used for industrial purposes: barite, witherite, limonite, asbestos, quartz, feldspar, kaolin, garnet, rutile and ilmenite.
UNIT V Identification of the following mineral powders by blowpipe methods: galena, chalcopyrite, haematite, magnetite, celestite, strontianite, witherite, gypsum, bauxite, apatite, pyrite, siderite, orpiment, realgar, calcite, psilomelane, rhodochrosite, smithsonite and ilmenite. Field Work II In the partial fulfilment of the B.Sc Geology degree course, the students should be taken to areas of geological importance for a period of 5 to 7 days, to collect minerals and rocks. They should present the collected specimens and their thin sections and submit a report on the field training at the time of the Main Practical Examination.
Internal Assessment Marks for the practical are given below: Attendance in Practical Classes: 5 marks; Practical Tests: 10 marks. Full Attendance during field work and submission of field report along with the specimens and their thin sections: 25 marks. Total: 40 marks. Visit to a nearby Geological organization for a day or two.
SEMESTER - VI
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVK6 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25
SEMESTER- VI CORE- X PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 6
REGIONAL GEOLOGY
UNIT I Geomorphology: Tectonic and Shear Zones of Tamil Nadu -Physiography – The Western and
Eastern Ghats of Tamilnadu and their structural aspects. The Cauvery and Tambraparani Rivers – Soil types of Tamil Nadu..
UNIT II Archaean Group – Anorthosites of Sittampundi, Kadavur and Oddanchatram – Alkali Rocks
of Sivanmalai, Cordierite Sillimanite rocks of Trichy and Madurai, Charnockites of Pallavaram-Thiruttani Dyke swarms.
UNIT III GondwanaSupergroup – Sriperumbudur beds and Therany clay beds - Cretaceous of Trichy
District – Cenomanian Marine transgression –Tertiary group of Cauvery basins. Distribution of petroleum and natural gas in Tamil Nadu.
UNIT IV Cuddalore Sandstone, Neyveli Lignite Deposits - Mode of occurrence & distribution of
precious and Semi - precious stones in Tamil Nadu. Distribution of commercial granites, Heavy mineral sands (Zircon, Rutile, Ilmenite and Garnet ) and Thorium deposits of Manavalakurichi in Tamil Nadu.
UNIT V Mode of occurrence, uses, origin, and distribution in Tamil Nadu of the followings mineral
deposit: Iron ores of Kanjamalai, Gauthimalai; Magnesite deposits of Chalk hills; Bauxite deposits of Shaveroy hill; Graphite beds of Sivaganga- Silica Sands of coastal areas in Kanchipuram, Thiruvallur, Cuddalore and Nagapattinam districts-River sand deposits of TamilNadu.
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Understand various Geological formations at Regional Scale K1 CO-2 Know the Important Stratigraphic landforms K2, CO-3 Know various economic importance of regional geology K3,
K4, K5 CO-4 Know the mode of occurrence and uses of minerals K1,
K2, K3,
CO-5 To predict mineral formations in an unknown region. K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE 1. Geology of India and Burma : M. S. Krishnan, 6th Edi., (2004), CBS
Publishers and distributors, New Delhi
2. Introduction to Indian Economic Mineral
: N.L. Sharma & KSV. Ram, (1964), Dhanbad.
3. Minerals of India : Meher. D. N. Wadia, (1994), National Book Trust, New Delhi.
4. Minerals of Madras State : N.K.N. Aiyengar, (1964), Dept. of Industries & Commerce, Madras.
5. Geology of Tamil Nadu & Pondicherry
: Selvam.T.A& Subramanian, (2002), GSI Publication, Bangalore.
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVL6 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25
SEMESTER- VI CORE- XI PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 6
APPLIED GEOLOGY AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
UNIT I
Mining Geology: Definition of following Mining terms: Shaft, Adit, Slope, Tenor, Assay, and Run off Mine. Sampling – Drilling for mineral exploration.Brief description of the following mining method. Alluvial Mining – Pan and batea, Rocker, longtom and sluicing. Open cast mining – Loading by hand (manual) truck, direct haulage, aerial ropeway, dragline, power shovel.
UNIT II
Definition: Tenor, grade – Beneficiation of minerals - mineral conservation and substitution – Mining Laws. Mineral Economics: Mineral economics and its concept – minerals and their role in National economy – National mineral policy. Definition: strategic, critical and essential mineral – Classification of mineral resources.
UNIT III
Environmental Geology: Environmental science – Introduction; Environmental impacts due to mining and mineral process. A short account of renewable and non-renewable resources.Effects of urbanization on surface and subsurface water- causes for ground water pollution.
UNIT IV
Geophysics and Geochemistry: Concepts of geochemistry- Basic knowledge about crystal chemistry- states of matter and atomic environment of elements -Types of chemical bonds, coordination number; Introduction to properties of elements: The periodic table –Geochemical classification of elements -Different types of geophysical methods - gravity, magnetic, electrical and seismic; their principles and applications -Concepts and Usage of corrections in geophysical data.
UNIT V
Engineering Geology: Dams, Reservoirs and Tunnels – Brief description of the types of dam, Reservoir, spillways, Tunnels, bridges and highways. Engineering properties of Rocks: Porosity – permeability – elasticity characteristics of rocks.
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Understand basics Engineering Structures K1 CO-2 Know the Importance of geological survey before constructing any
civil structure. K2,
CO-3 Know the basics of Geochemistry K3, K4, K5
CO-4 Know the application of Geophysics in understanding Earth’s formation
K1, K2, K3,
CO-5 To predict mineral formations in an unknown region through geophysical and Geochemical investigations.
K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Courses in mining Geology : Arockiasamy, R.N.P, (1995), Oxford &
IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi.
2. Mining Geology : Mckinstry, H.E, (1952), Prentice Hall Pvt
Ltd., New York.
3. Mineral Economics : Sinha, R.K and Sharma,(1988),
B.N.L,Oxford& IBH Publishing Co., New
Delhi.
4. India’s Mineral Wealth : Coggin Brown, J and Day, A.K, (1995),
Oxford Press, London.
5. Ore deposits of India : Gokhale, K.V.G.K and Rao, T.G, (1972),
Affiliated East – West Press (pvt) Ltd.,
Madas.
6. Text Book of Mining Geology : Umapthy.R.M, (2002), Dattsons, Nagpur.
1. Mason, B. (1986) Principles of Geochemistry. 3rd Edition, Wiley New York.
2. Rollinson, H. (2007) Using geochemical data – evaluation, presentation and
interpretation. 2ndEdition.Publisher Longman Scientific & Technical.
3. Outlines of Geophysical Prospecting - A manual for geologists by
RamachandraRao, M.B.,Prasaranga, University of Mysore, Mysore, 1975.
10. Exploration Geophysics - An Outline by Bhimasarikaram V.L.S., Association
ofExplorationGeophysicists, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 1990.
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVEA6 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25 SEMESTER- VI MAJOR ELECTIVE- III PART-III CREDIT- 4 HOURS- 6
HYDROGEOLOGY
UNIT I
Hydrologic cycle – origin of water – meteoric, juvenile, magmatic and seawaters;Hydrological parameters - Precipitation, evaporation, transpiration and infiltration.vertical distribution of ground water,Springs and its types; Porosity and permeability.specific yield, specific retention. UNIT II
Aquifer, aquitard, aquifuge and aquiclude– Classifications of aquifers.Ground water movements – Darcy’s law.Specific yield and specific retention.Water Level fluctuation and its causes.Ground water quality – Physical and chemical properties of water, quality criteria for different uses.
UNIT III
Concepts of drainage basin and ground water provinces of India.A short account of ground water basins in Tamil Nadu.-Ground water exploration- Dowsing- – Brief out line of various methods of groundwater exploration.
UNIT IV
Geological Method – Identification of formations and structure favorable for movement and storage of groundwater water. Geophysical Methods- Surface and Subsurface methods.
UNIT V
Electrical resistivity method – Wenner Method – Schlumberger Method.Field Data interpretation – Curve matching and inverse slope method.
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Understand basics of Hydrological Cycle K1 CO-2 Know the various hydrological parameters K2, CO-3 Know the various water bearing formations K3, K4,
K5 CO-4 Know the application of Geological methods in groundwater
investigations K1, K2, K3,
CO-5 To explore groundwater regime through various geophysical methods K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE 1. Groundwater Hydrology : Todd.D.K. (1980) John Wiley Sons,
Inc 2. Groundwater : Tolman.C. &Kazmann, (1972)
McGraw Hill Book Company. 3. Groundwater Drilling : Handa.O.P (1984) Oxford & I.B.H.
Publishing Co. 4. Groundwater : Raghunath.H.M. (1987) 2nd Edition,
Wiley Eastern Ltd. 5. Groundwater Assessment
Development and Management : Karanth.K.R. (1987) Tata McGraw
Hill Publishing Company, Ltd.
SUBJECT CODE: 20MVEC6 EXTERNAL MARKS: 75 INTERNAL MARKS: 25 SEMESTER- VI MAJOR ELECTIVE – I PART-III CREDIT- 5 HOURS- 5
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND MINERAL ECONOMICS
UNIT I
Definition of ore, tenor, grade and metallic and non-metallic minerals.Geologic thermometry –– Classification of ore deposits, (Lindgren and Bateman).Process of mineral formations – magmatic concentration – sublimation, contact metasomatism- Hydrothermal process – sedimentation – evaporation.
UNIT II
Processes of mineral formation: Residual and mechanical concentration – Oxidation and supergene sulphide enrichment – metamorphism. Coal deposits: Use, origin, Mode of Occurrence, distribution in India.Petroleum deposits: Origin and distribution in India.- Mineralogy, origin, mode of occurrence, uses and distribution in India of the following: - Gold Deposits, Iron deposits, and copper deposits.
UNIT III
Mineralogy, origin, mode of occurrence, uses and distribution in India of the following: - manganese deposits, lead and zinc deposits, bauxitedeposits and chromite deposits. Granite Industry I: Building stones – properties – cost, color, durability, crushing strength, transverse strength, absorption, density, frost and fire resistance, structural features, texture.Important building stones, physical and chemical properties and uses of granite, marble, limestone, sandstone, slate.Classification of commercial granites in pre-cambrian terrain of south India.
UNIT IV
Physical properties, chemical composition, mode of occurrence and distribution in India of minerals required for the following industries: – Abrasives, fertilizers and refractory.Descriptive mineralogy, Mode of occurrence, uses, distribution in India of the following ores and industrial minerals: realgar, orpiment, cinnabar, fluorite, ilmenite, rutile, graphite, magnesite, asbestos and chrysotile.
UNIT V
Granite Industry II: Granite blocks - quarrying techniques – pre quarrying phase – operational phase – quarrying in earlier and recent times – blasting methodology – primary and secondary cutting – supporting machineries – problems encountered in granite mining. Granite trade, marketability, Resource estimation
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO No.
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to
Level
CO-1 Understand basics of Economic minerals K1 CO-2 Know the various process of mineral formation K2, CO-3 Know the various mode of mineral deposits K3, K4,
K5 CO-4 Know the physical and chemical characters of minerals K1, K2,
K3, CO-5 To understand various uses of minerals K4, K5
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Economic Mineral deposits : Bateman, A.N. (1981), Asian publishers House, New Delhi.
2. Economic Geology – Economic Mineral Deposits
: Umeshwar Prasad, (2010), CBS Pub. &Dist, New Delhi
3. India’s Mineral Resoruces : Krishnaswamy.S revised by Shina, R.K, (1986), III Edi., Oxford & IBH Pub., Co., Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Introduction to Indian Economic minerals
: Sharma, N.L and Ram, K.S.V.,(1970), Dhanbad publications, Dhanbad.
5. Industrial Minerals : Sinha,R.K,(1986), Oxford 7 IBH Pub. Co., New Delhi.
