ARCH IV 123470

CONSULTANT REPORT TO I DRC ON

CO!\llMUNITY 11/\SEJ > COASTAL MANAGEMENT INL.'\Tl N AMERICA

INTEGRATED COASTAL DEVELOPMENT CO. CHILE S.A. EOIFICIO PLENO CENTRO - AV. VALPARAISO 585 - OF. 605

TELEFONO: (5632) 973944 - FAX: (5632) 979622 - VINA DEL MAR - CHILE

CONSULTANT REPORT TO IDRC ON

CO!v11vlUNITY BASED COAST AL MANAGEMENT IN LA TIN AfvffiRICA

By Ramon Buzeta

D D

D [j

D w

0 D

D u D

COMMUNITY BASED COASTAL MANAGEMENT

IN LATIN AMERICA

by Ram6n Buzeta

CONSULTANT REPORT

[J

D

0 Ll

[j

Ll

Ll D D D

u D

u u D

- -- ---------------------------

REPORT TO THE IDRC ON BACKGROUND AND CONDITIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A REGIONAL PROJECT ON COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINED DEVELOPMENT OF THE COASTAL ZONES IN LATINAMERICA.

INDEX

1. BACKGROUND

by

RAMON BUZETA ICDEVCO S.A.

L.Am.Fisheries; Resources & Environment Status: Legal frame; The artisanal Fisheries sector.

2. PREVIOUS IDRC WORK

The IDRC Fisheries Program for L.America. Problems and Priorities. The ICD frame.

3.PROJECT EVALUATION

Selection criteria List of Projects Projects Results/Shortcomings Comments/Recommendations Overall view

4.PRESENT REQUIREMENTS

5.REGIONAL PROJECT OUTLINE.

6.BIBLIOGRAPHY

r,

Ll

D Ll

u Ll

u u u 0 D

u c u D

u u D

Ll

lJ

1. Discussions held during the late ICOD Ocean Forum, as a preparation for the Agenda 21 and the World Summit in Rio 1992 pointed out to the neccessity of the implementation of community based, sustainable management models for the development of the Coastal zones. It was stressed that the status of over exploitation of the natural resources and deterioration of the marine environment presently afecting most of the coastal zones of the planet was placing a serious threat to the survival of Mankind.

2. The projected needs of food and healthy environment for the expanding world population for the next century requires that urgent measures will be taken now to stop and reverse the negative trend.

3. The combined effect of the global climate changes, particularly the warming up effect, the destruction of the ozone layer and the increase in the sea level, added to the antropogenic factors described above are rapidly exhausting the capacity of the coastal ecosystems to adjust itself to the stress conditions.

4. In Latinamerica, the principal fishing countries in the Pacific, wich is considered one of the riches marine ecosystem of the world, are starting to take serious steps to change the situation, by introducing new legislations regulating the right of access to the Resources and to the use of the Coastal Environment.

5. In 1992 Chile, followed by Peru in 1993, aproved new Fishing Laws, which allowed special rights of access to artisanal fisheries communities, for the exploitation of particular fishing g-rounds and introduction of mariculture activities,and allocated specific fishing quotes to the industrial fisheries and foreign fleets. The s e a 1 1 o cat i on s a r e de t er mi n e d on a ca s e t o ca s e bas i s , and implies responsibilities of resource management and environment impact assessment.

6. Chile and Peru are among the principal fishing countries of the world, with an average production of well over 6 million Tons a year each. The fishing sector ranks high among the production activities of both countries, with over US$1 000 millions export in each case. so the importance of an apropi ate management of the marine environment is crucial for the local economies.

u u u u u

Ll

D u Ll

u D Ll

u

7. The Artisanal fisheries sector in Chile and Peru are well organized,and provide all of the local sea food and a sustantial proportion of the high quality raw material for the export market, contributing with around 40% of the export value o~ the national marine production. The Industrial fisheries sector is concentrated primarily in the production of fishmeal, oil. frozen products and conserves. Lately it has successfully enter in the production of mariculture species for export (Salmon, Scallops).

8. Although traditionally there has been a hard competition between the artisanal and the industrial sector for the same fishing grounds, the new fishing Laws, by regulating· the access to the resource and the coastal environment has for the first time established a frame where both sector can collaborate. Some fishing communities are starting to discuss production agreements with the export industry to provide them with marine products for the processing lines at previouly agreed prices. This new feature open the door for the possibility of joint ventures where both parties can benefit: the industry by ensuring a steady supply for their processing plants without having to deal with labour problems and production hardship, and the artisanal fisherman, securing a better price for their products.

9. The pos i bi 1 i ty of Management of the coastal zones based on fishermen communities is a development option that has a lot of potential : it serves both a social and an environmental objective. The organized community will take direct interest in maintaining and inforce a sustained utilization of the resource and the environment, since its livelyhood and prosperity depend on it. Revertheless in order to achieve such longterm objective, it will require ~propiate Training and Technical skills.

10. A training Program directed to meet these needs will require adressing aspects referred to the Management of the Resource and the Environment; the Transfer and use of Cultivation and Processing Technology, and diversification of Fishing Methods; an the upgrading of the Managerial abilities of the fishing Community.

11. The IDRC has been pionneer in th.e formulation of a development strategy that has set the frame for an. integrated R & D Model for the rational utilization of the coastal resources. This background would serve as a starting point for the implementation of an advanced program of community based, sustainable management of the coastal zones.

u u

u

D

Ll

u u

u Ll

u

PREVIOUS IDRC WORK ON COASTAL DEVELOPMENT.

12. In 1982 the IDRC established a Fisheries Office for Latin America that undertook the task to conduct a review of the regional pr i or i t i es w i th spec i a 1 focus on t he pr es en t s t at us and fut u r e trends of the fisheries production, the infrastructure for research and the potential for development. Particular atention was paid to the perceived needs arised from discussions between the fisheries research community,government agencies and fisheries producers which participated in regional meetings promoted by the IDRC.

13. The results of this exercise was a comprehensive view of the regional needs and priorities wich permited succesives adjustment to the action plan that the IDRC Fisheries Program started to implement in L.America.

For instance, higher emphasis was placed in Artisanal Fisheries and Coastal Management as a result of the increasing importance that the coastal marine production had for the export market in line with the structural adjustments required to insert the Latinamerican economies in the Global economic order. Artisanal fisheries was enlighted by these studies as an important economic activity in job generation, income,and local food production for a large population living along an extensive (over 20 000 Km) coast line.

14. The projections for the next decade shows that the requirements of the continent in terms of food and commodities of aquatic origin were higher than the expected production. The overexploitation of the marine resources, the acute degradation of the marine enviroment and the high pressure posed by the export market makes it very difficult that the pr es ent tr end would be reversed. unless that very urgent measures would be taken right now.

15. The IDRC Fisheries Office for L.America. anticipating these developments? initiated back in 1985 a discussion among scientist to promote an integrated aproach for the development of artisanal fisheries.based in the coastal commun1t1es, named Integ-rated Coastal Development (ICD); it consisted in a multidisciplinary view of the development process~taking· into consideration the bi oeco 1 ogi c pro bl ems re 1 at ed to the management of the marine Resource and the Environment. the Technologies utilized by the artisanal fisherman in their production activities. and the socio economic and cultural problem afecting the coastal Communities on the development process.

16. A number of pilot projects were initiated in selected artisanal fisheries communities in Chile, Peru, Brasil and Colombia to test this new approach on real life situation. using a participatory methodology. much akin to the Rapid Rural Appraisal technics used in rural projects.

u

u D

D

D

D D u

u

5

17. Results were highly encourag;ing, particularly in Chile and Peru, where National Fisherman Association emerged from the project actions, that adopted the ICD model as frame for development, and participated actively in the national discussions on the changes ocurring in the regimen of Access rights and the establishment of new Fisheries Legislation.

18. The result of this process has been reported in the Proceedings of the 3 Regional Artisanal Fisheries Seminars held in Chile and Peru in 1985, 1989 and 1991. and the IDRC internal Reports " Fi sher i es 2000 11 and 11 In House Report: Qn ____ t_h.? ___ J2gY._~_LQRm~nJ __ _Q_f ___ l',. ~once_p_j:_ll_aJ __ frame for_ the apolica_:tL<!!L_.9f an Integ:_rated Coastal Q_e ~tlQRJll en t Pr og_r_~m for ___ ___A__r_t_j. s a_lLa l _____ _F_j__§__Q_~_L:L~_L ____ j_.ll 1_~ t in al!l~.r.J. __ G~. "prepared in 1 9 9 0 and 1 9 91 respect i v e l y •

19. The acuracy of the analisis and projections conducted by the IDRC Fisheries Program in L.America can be seen clearly now that the new Fisheries legislation is starting to become applied in Chile and Peru. the two fore runners of modern fisheries development in the continent: Both countries has precisely expressed that they want their coastal zones been managed with a sustainable and integral approach that wi 11 pl ace in organized art i sanal fisheries communities the responsability of apropiate administration of tne coastal resources and maintainance of the ecological balance of the marine ecosystems under exploitation.

20. The most advanced fisherman communities are allready starting to· apply for coastal leases under the new fishing Law, where they expect to introduce sustained management measures. In this endeavor the most crucial needs has been expressed to be Community organization (Mariculture, Processing technology), Training (appropiate technologies, Resource management, Production systems) and Micro enterprise administration (Marketing).

21. Several of the latest projects implemented with IDRC support in Chile and Perft has been trying to meet some of mese Research and Training demands with different degrees of result. Many of these activities are still going on. The following analysis will review some of the main project achievements and short comings.

u u

u

6

PROJECTS EVALUATION

22. Three projects in Chile and three in Peru wei'e selected to evaluate the application of the ICD Model in coastal communities.

The criteria for selection was that

a.

b.

c.

The project choised implementation~ that operation.

had is~

at least one more than 3

previous years of

phase of continous

The project were pursuing integrated. multidisciplinary objectives, that is, they were located in the "interphase" regions of the Model (intersection between two or more "basic" fields (Resources, Technology, Community).

The projects were "participative" in nature, that is, they have recruited the active participation of the community involved.

23. The list of selected projects was the following:

Fisheries Development (Chile) III Fisheries Production Svstem (Chile) -Fisheries Technoloi:r:v Transfer in L.America (Reg) Integrated Coastal Dev. Network {Reg.) II Artisanal Fisheries (Peru) II Coastal Management (Peru)

91-0250 91-02.13 88-0119 90-0168 91-0260 91-0259

2 4 • In the f o 11 owing we w i 11 b r i e f 1 y ex amine each of these activities in terms of

a. Project Objectives/ Results

b. Shortcomings - Planning - Operations - Technical aspects

c. Comments/ Recommendations

25. I will purposely avoid the easy way out to asign quantitatives valuation to the pros and cons. in favour of a more subjective analysis that may capture the fringe pos1t1ve elements and multiplicative effect that Community work has for medium to long term Development.

u w

u ~

u u ~

~

~

~

~

~·

u ~

~

~

~

~

u

-------- -~~~~~----

FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT (CHILE) III

(91-0250)

- JJ fJ /Fl' ; ,~t:. ...... . '..... ..

' ( - (.. " INTERNATIONAL DEVELOf... .NT RESEARCH CENTRE File/Dossier

~it1 CENTRE OE RECHERCHES POUR LE OEVELOPPEMENl INTERNATIONAL ~:~~;~.~~g~~o-· Prepared By/Prepare par '· ... ;,.. __ ........

PROJECT SUMMARY/RESUME DE PROJET .n. Ct.NAOA Ram5n Buzeta ..

~ro1ect Tille (Chile) / 1tre du pro1et FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT III

r- rvrs~on ,/ 1v1sron Agriculture, Food and Nut:rit:ion Sciences , .. .PRo -cbr

'lctrvity/Sub-Activity Fisheries/Art:isanal Fisheries/Maricult:ure Secteur/sous-secteur

wec1pient Institution (Name and Location) ' eneliciaire (nom de rorganisme et endroil) Depart:ament:o de Ciencias del Mar (ex BIOTECMAR)

Universidad Cat:6lica de Talcahuano, Chile

IQesearch Institution (Name and Location) uepart:amento ae c1enc1as aeJ. Mar lex BIOTECMAR) strtutron de recherche (nom et endrort) Universidad Cat:6lica de Talcahuano, Chile

.. n , Wo1ect Leader _(Name and Location)

Approvals Charge de pro1et (nom et endrort)

D Dr. Alberto Arrizaga Approbations Universidad Cat6lica de Talcahuano

Funding: Amount (CAD) Duration (Monthsi Program Director Subvention: montant (CAD) duree (moisl $200,400 24 months Directeur de programme

Uher Phases (Amount. Duration) tres phases· (montant. duree) 125,320 18 months (89-0141) ,.

Recrp1ent Contribution (I" ~RANT A.P??.OVEO C:>ntributron du benefrciarre .

. January 6, 1992 $469 000 pn :...·_·,····~·"·····················

" her Part1cipat1ng Agencies Autres organismes partrcrpants ------

LC Abstract/ Abrege The Fresident or Vice-President Le President ou Vice-president l

~~ t:he Eighth (VIII) Region of Chile, known as t:he "Bio Bio Region", · e artisanal fishery is among t:he most important: productive activities. There are nearly 12,000 art:isanal fishermen operating in ~is area and cheir accivicy generaces around 70,000 complemencary

bs. In 1990, this region had t:he largest: share in t:he country's tal landings. The IDRC Fisheries Program has supported several

Rrojects which were implemented in this region by t:he Marine Sciences ~part:ment: of the Catholic University of Talcahuano in Chile (formerly The Executive Committee

OTECMAR). All such projects looked int:o one or more aspects of t:he Le Comite de direction Integrated Coastal Development: model, but: this proposal's previous ~ase (Fisheries Development: II 89-0141) was t:he first: attempt: t:o deal

t:h all the components of t:he model in a comprehensive manner and of carrying out: t:he field work in close cooperation with t:he fishermen t.hemselves. This project: operated simultaneously in three fishing ~t:es where successful results have been achieved. However, t:he review

it:s drawbacks showed t:hat: it: would be more efficient to work intensely with a single fishl.ng community t:o foster an Int:egrat:ed Q.iSta-r--·o·evelopment: centered on one relevant: I I

(ie The Board of Governors act:ivit:y -ri"c.l"iitui=~~-Th; present: project will cont:ribut:e t:o t:he int:egrat:ed Le Conseil des gouverneurs

development of a selected artisanal fishing community ("Calet:a" olc~ra or "Calet:a" Lenga) t:hr()ugh the transfer ___ of __ t:h_f.!_. __ ;__~_c_~.!lP~c:>~Y

quired for the management of a hatchery t:o produce seeds for cultivation and -i:-e·stockirig:··whl.fe·---.eacusTni_o_ii._ih"e···-creveiopmen·corone

oshing communi Cy, Che proj ec C is a .1 so inCend~d ... <.~ . c.e~~.-~.~--'<'•:ll stock~ng _<lnd 1Ilar_~':.l1 l_~.':1~:-._~~~- c~_n_tri bute t:o the sustainfibi li ~y ~ o~ the oduct ion system. --- .. ··--··--·-···-·-·-·------·- ·-;--._.-P-ro~ect.~rnmar~

.. i"i revie\•.1er1 r.n - ------ ___,....,._ ____ - ............... ----------. - . -.,. \..-··--· J ' ' ''.:!:Jc... !!!•····- ... •······················ ....

Q

D

D

- ------------------------------..

1

FISHERIES DEVELOPM~NT (CHILE) _J__II (91-02~_()_}

26. The Project aims to promote the development of a coastal community (Lenga~ VIII Region, Chile) through the utilization of cultivation and restocking technology! based on previous work done in the prior two phases. where the ICD concept was consistently applied.

27. The specific objectives were:

a) Biological studies on cultivation species b) Installation of a hatchery facility at the tarjet communit:v

to provide seeds and training to the recipients c) Analysis of Results and coordination with the Regional ICD

Program

RESULTS

28. The project is still in midstream, with six months the results presented here are not final. Project evaluation has been done on the base of discussions with project personnel and field visits to situ" the present status of project implementation.

to go, so

personal asess "in·

29. Scallops. Seaweeds and Flatfish were the main species selected for cultivation. Because the hatchery was under construction for most of the first year. the biological studies were conducted at provisory laboratory facilities at the University in Talcahuano.

30. Of the three species selected, only fish rearing (Paralichthys) technology was new; scallops (Argopecten), and seaweeds (Gracilaria, Gigartina) has been allready cultivated elsewhere and the technology is well known, and tested in other projects.

31. One important feature is the posibility of integrating different technologies in a policulture system, something that was initiated in a previous project (Marine Farms, (Chile, 88.0380) executed also by the Catholic University of Talcahuano. In that particular case, Gracilaria were cultivated together with mussels in an experimental system with mixed results. The seaweed growth was enhansed by the fertilization provided by the fecaes of the mussels! but the presence of mussels seeds on the filaments of the algae was not desirable according to the buyers, who paid a lower price to the fisherman.

32. Biological studies on policulture systems should continue on the field experiments at the project site once the hatchery is fully operational.

,-, i I ...

G c u c

c w

0 c u

8

b) ~onstruction_of the Hatchery

33. There was some delay in the aproval of all relevant documents for the hatchery construction and the related coastal lease. The land tenure was aproved in June 1993 but the marine lease is still pending. so the cultivation experiments at sea had to be postponed.

34. The construction of the hatchery was comoleted by Jan 94. It is a brick and wooden building oi 230 m2• -The sea water suooly is asured by a pump. 2 tanks of 5000 lt each and a filtering system. The building has wet and dry laboratory facilities. cultivation room, a micro algae lab. and research offices. It is now operational in terms of electricity and water supply. but will require some extra laboratory equipment.

c) Fie 1 d _test of cul 1J_ya t i_mL ancl_ _ __r_s=s tocking

35. Field experiments will be conducted at a marine lease located south of the station. close to the BioBio River outlet. The lease was requested by the Lenga Fisherman association, with support from the University~ but the resolution from the National Fisheries Service is still pending since early 1993 on account of government bureaucracy, so experimental work at sea has been delayed.

d) Coordination ~ith ICD Progra~

36. The continuation of the ICD activities in Chile has been implemented by the Regional Technical Commission (RTC), since the closure of the IDRC Fisheries Pro~ram in Montevideo in July 1992. The Fishe~ies Dev.(Chile)III project is one of the member p~ojects of the RTC and has participated in the followin~ regional activities:

- the 5th. Meeting of the CTR (Vifia.29.11-4.12/92);

the FEPEMACH/CTR National Seminar on Coastal Management and New Fishing Law (Los Vilos,2-4th July 1993); and

- the Regional (L.American) Meeting on Pectinids Culture (11-14th January 1994,Lima, Peru).

37. In all these meetings technical papers were presented showing the advances made by the university projects in the different research lines. The Fisheries Dev.(Chile) project has been one of the leaders in the application of the ICD model. Dr. Arrizaga. the project director. is permanently in contact with the RTC Office in Vifia and keeps a good coordination with others projects in Chile_. Peru and Brasil through the activities of the Commission.

FISHERIES TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER (LATINAMERICA)

(88-0119)

0 Hd1 .: :

I

~ 9

/ ·, v· /) [{~t' ,- r '~'.' L\. tA ~ ,, .6"1 • - • 1-r-1~.J:.:,

1i-, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPP. :T RESEARCH CENTRE FileiDossieY" I}? I

! . J CENTRE DE RECHERCHES POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT INTERNATIONAL "~:EfE~~S~fff9:·~ Y ~, ,'

PROJECT SUMMARY /RESUME DE PROJET Prepared By/Prepare par

~,../

CA tit AO A s. Feferbaum/R. Buzeta

Project Title Fisheries Technology Transfer Titre du projet in Latin America

Division Division Communications/Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Sciences

I Activ1tyiSub-Activity

Research Results Dissemination/Utilization/Fisheries: Artisanal Fisheries Secteur/sous-secteur

I Recipient Institution (Name and Location) Beneficiaire fnom de l'organisme et endroit) Departamento de Biologia y Tecnologia Marina

Universidad Catolica de Chile ' Se de Talcahuano

Research Institution (Name and Location) Institution de recherche (nom et endroit)

N/A

Project Leader (Name and Location) Eduardo Tarif eno I Charge de projet (nom et endroit) Approvals I

I Biotecmar Approbations I

i Talcahuano, Chile

I Funding: Amount !CAD) Duration (Months) CAD $23 7 '842 (36 months)

COMM f16.7,842 Program Director Subvention: montant (CAD) duree (mo1sJ AFNS 70,000 Directeur de programme

Other Phases: (Amount. Duration) Autres phases: (montant. dureel NIA Recipient Contribution Contribution du beneficiaire

· ·-· ·ci ,.-,, CAD $182,5~0 Gf\.~~~ ~'i !···1sa9'~

Other Participating Agencies on ·········"'."-····!t•--n·.:D!il

Autres organismes participants N/A

Abstract/ Abrege The President or Vice-President Le President ou Vice-president

One of the regional development thrusts identified for IDRC in Latin America is artisanal fisheries development.

The Centre has a program already in this area and in this region. This project will combine the efforts of the Communications Division and the AFNS Fisheries Program in using audio-visual communications technology for the technological transfer and learning process in the artisanal fisheries development. It will The Executive Committee

do so by developing extension activities based on the systemii·,tic Le Comite de direction

use of audio-visual media for the transfer of fisheries projects results to coastal communities and by establishing a training methodology for the fishing communities. At a wider regional level it will support the other projects participating-in the Artisanal Fisheries Network (Peru, Brazil, and Colombia), accelerating the implementation of the integrated coastal development concept in this area.

The project will be carried out by the Departamento de Bio logia The Board of Governors

y Tecnologia Marina, BIOTECMAR, which has a good deal of experience Le Conseil des gouverneurs

in this area and a proven capacity to undertake this kind of project. The institution has successfully carried out projects '.· , .,

I

with the AFNS-Fisheries Program in Chile and with the Communications I I

Division. I r·:i .: ~ ... ...-:: ~-:~·;.Er.·;' l ..

re .. ·:; •. ::·::! en I ·:--

.... ~BR .3 -~ ... Jg89. .... : .. ID ~

9300Cl-<l02 (REV. ti-84) . -... ~J l

D Ll 0 0 c L L ~

0 c 0 0 u 0 c c 0

u

9

SHORTCOMINGS

38. The original planning 01 Tne project a1a not allowed for ae1ays in the proccess of aproval of the coastal lease. This is usually a rather cumbersome procedure. involving many signatures from diffe­rent ministries. In addition, there has been a change of authori­ties to the National elections in Chile (December 1993) wich has further delayed the access to the eiperimental marine site. For all this the project is at least one year behind schedule.

39. Although the consultant has not had access to the finantial repor~, we are informally aware the hatchery construction cost has been higher than expected, wich has reduced the amount allocated by the University to operational aspects. The University authorities are anxious to see the hatchery in full operation and expressed to me that they will hope IDRC will maintain its support, at least until the project field phase is completed.

RECOMMENDATIONS

40. In order to offset the shortcornminirs it would be neccessar~v to authorize a 12 months extension with a modest supplement to permit the completion of the mariculture experiments and the preparation of an adequate technical Report.

41. There is no doubt that the activities of the project are relevant for the development of sustainable alternatives for coastal communities of the 8th. (BioBio) Region. It should be understood nevertheless that the project objectives are not short, but rather medium term, and are insert in a long term strategy, (i.e. to develop a seed production and advisory capacity within the University. to meet the projected demand of the artisanal fisheries communities of the Arauco Gulf.)

42. The project long term objectives of testing the ICD model at community level can be achieved in a further phase. The University has a good multidisciplinary group that has previously executed several projects touching different aspects of the ICD model (Resource evaluation. Technolog·y transfer. Traininir. Community development, etc). All these activities should be integrated in a participatory project executed by a multidisciplinary team such as the one existing in the CIEMAR (Marine Science Dept.) This could not be achieved in the present project because all the time and efforts were spent in the construction of the hatchery and very little in field work for the reasons ~iven above.

43. IT would pay off to give the project team time, to use Tne accumulated experience in a profitable way working directly with the community in the application of the policulture technology. It is thus recommended to grant the 12 months extension and supplement mentioned in (40), and integ;rate the future project activities of commmunity action in the future regional project of coastal management that will be discussed further on.

0 Ll 0 D

c

u D u

u u u

10

The project aim was to provide material for the Training and Technology transfer activities implemented by Artisanal fisheries Development projects involved in the promotion of ICD in L.America. The project spec II 1c objectives reiarred to i:ne prepai·ai:1on of videos, leaflets, posters and training methodology, and to advise the development projects in transference methods.

RESULTS

44. The Projects concentrated mainly in the preparation of audio visual material for the ongoing Fisheries develpment projects. In this aspect it was rather successful. releasing a considerable amount of training material, concentrated around 4 technology packages: seaweed culture. scallops culture, fresh water aquaculture. and Community organization.

45. It was less successful though in the development of a training methodology, because it did not reach the point where the use of the aua10 visual material prepared by the project cou1a be popularized and generate practical experience in methodological aspects of technology transference.

SHORTCOMINGS

46. The project was designed to operate as a complement to the fisheries developm~nt activities implemented by the field projects within the ICD network. This was not fully achieved due to the different pace of the development projects that had to work with fisherman communities on their-own timing, while the Techn.Transfer (TT} project concentrate in its technical work in its own time frame, without much coordination with what was going on in the field.

41. There was not a fluid process between the training requirements of field projects, the planning of support training material, and the outputs of the TT project. A more colaborative type of work, although more slow, could have done more to improve the efectiveness of this activity.

u D

u ~

D

L u

0 D w

u u

lJ_

COMMENTS/RECOMMENDATIONS

48. In spite of its shortcoming-. the experience achieved b~v the project in the production of training material is a time saving for future work. There is no doubt that a future project focused on coastal development will have to use transference technology in a rather intensive way. One aspect that needs improvement is the integration of the technology transference (TT) group into the field work conducted by the community development people. The TT group should also include more~ and more diversified specialists i:nan the pari:1cipants in i:ne present project (one biologist and one technician: the camera work was subcontracted as required).

4 9 • The or i g in a 1 P 1 an ca l 1 e d f o r t he un i v er s i t y t o c r eat e a permanent unit for audio visual support work and two permanent field teams. This did not ocurred. When the project was completed, the University discontinue the activities of the audiovisual unit and transferred the two field vehicles purchased by the project to Central Administration, where they are being used for administrative purposes.

50. There is still a large amount of video records that would be invaluable~ in fact irreplaceable~ in a further program of training to costal communities. This is a material that should be kept in an institution that could make a full use of it as a base for the preparation of training and extension documents. At present this material, wich ~as paid for by the TT project with IDRC funding is not in the University but remains still in the hands of the subcontractors. a crivate film/video enterprise. The University should request the devolution of this material from the contractors.

51. It is recommended that a future reirional project should allocate funds to create a Technical video library for this purposes. and negociate with the University authorities the best way to ensure that this unit will be located in a suitable ins t i t u t i on a 1 f r am e that w i 1 1 g i v e a 1 1 int er es t e d par t i es t he asurance of free access.

\

FISHERIES PRODUCTION SYSTEM (CHILE)

(91-0213)

0 ~· 0·1 o·--1

:

0 D·,.

o. ·.O

0

D .0 Q

D.

01 I

01 ·:·';""'"! 0 0 o··

0

........ ~"""':- ., •. __ .:.,, ~)~\I-·.... r _ .. .:..••·!·-·: ...... c...,·~-

f~ ·.. CENTRE DE RECHERCHES POUR LE Di:VELOPPEMENT INTERNATIONAL l@tj J

·~ ... -./ PROJECT SUMMARY/RESUME DE PROJET CANADA

Project Title Titre du projet

Division Division

Activity/Sub-Activity Secteur/sous-secteur

Recipient Institution (Name and Location) Beneficiaire (nom de l'organisme et endroit)

Research Institution (Name and Location) Institution de ·recherche (nom et endroit)

Project Leader (Name and Location) Charge de projet (nom et endro1t)

Funding: Amount (CAO) Duration (Months) Subvention: montant (CAO) duree (mois)

Other Phases: (Amount. Duration) Autres phases: (montant. dureel

Recipient Contribution Contribution du beneficia1re

Other Participating Agencies Autres organismes participants

Royal Pacific Sea Farms (RPSF) Santiago, CHILE

Federacion de Pescadores Anesanales y Buzos Mariscadores (FEPEMACH)

Dr. Jorge Chocair SANTIAGO, CHILE

$28,500

AbstracVAbrege

The IV Region of Chile is rich in coastal resources, providing fresh seafood to the central part of the country (Santiago, Valparaiso) and also to export.

A total of 4,000 artisanal fishermen operate in this region, with a fleet of 1,550 boats. This represents about 8% of the total labour force of the artisanal fisheries sector in the country. Commercialization is usually done through middlemen, therefore income return is generally low. The over-exploitation of coastal· resources has led to a decrease in the already low average income of the artisanal fishermen. A diversification of their production system through the application of mariculture technology, the proper management of the coastal area allocated to them through marine leases and good administration of their commercial channels would effectively improve their conditions. For such actions to have an impact it would be necessary to implement them in a coordinated manner with the concerted inputs of the fishing community and a team of technical specialists. These actions are contemplated in the Integrated Coa5tal Development (ICD) model developed by the fisheries program for Latin America. The project aimes to promote the integrated development of 12 coastal fisheries communities of the IV Region of Chile through improving their management of resources, use of mariculcure technology and efficient commercialization of fishing products.

r;·:.:; :-. ~ ~-.:::·~::a.'/

N~v~-~~~~'·1-9~ 111991

93000·002 IREV. 11-8':)

I P.;/

I ,...;,'l ''"'--- .... ~ . . .,,_ . ~I f.L'-

Prepared By/Prepare par

Approvals Approbations

Program Director Oirecteur de programme

APPROVED

GR,\NT AP?RCVEO. November 18, 199.

on ····························~~·.!

The President or Vice-President Le President ou Vice-presideni

The Executive Committee Le Comite de direction

The Board of Governors Le Conseil des gouverneurs

u Ll

u [.j

u u 0 u u

L u u u u

.EJ_SHERIES PRODUCT ION SYSTEM (CH I LE) 91-0 2 ;Ll_!_

52. The aim of this project was to promote an integral approach to the development of a group of fishing communities (FEPEMACH) on the northern (4th Region) of Chile, using the ICD approach.

53. The project specific objectives were to provide Jegal advise. for the fisherman communities to access to coastal 1 eases under the new fisheries legislation~ training_ in Mariculture techniques and Managament of coastal resources. and teQ.hnical asistanc~ in marketing and organization of a fisherman cooperative to sell their products.

54. To assist in the establisment of mariculture production modules~ a small Rotatory Fund was provided under the executing agency (Royal Pacific A.S.), administration that should be used and repaid by the fisherman to be recicled to other beneficiaries. The fund should be transfered to FEPEMACH at the completion of the project.

RESULTS

55. The project coastal location objective of this fisherman, a plan This programe was

established a core field working group at the (Los Vilos) where is the HQ of FEPEMACH. The group was to work out in collaboration with the of operations to meet the project objectives. based on two basic premises:

a) that by integrating the fisherman to the project from the early stage there would be a high level of collaboration in the implementation phase. and

b) that the technical group would be sufficiently qualified to provide the type of guidance required by the project objectives.

56. The project completed with success at least two of the stated objectives provide training in some mariculture technics (seaweeds, scallops) and served as a link with other pro.iects executed by FEPEMACH with 2 other national agencies (IFOP, Fisheries Subsecretary). and whose objetives were to provide legal advice. in the access and consequent management of coastal leases. It felt short nevertheless in other important activities such as the implementatio-n of an integrated resources management, mariculture production system, and the efficient use of the Rotatory Fund provided by the project to promote production and commercializations units.

u 0 u \ )

(.-

0 u u c u lJ

u

13

SHORTCOMMINGS

51. The best capital of this project was the excellent level of response and interest demonstrated by the fisherman association FEPEMACH, a highly organized and efficiently directed grass root level community organization. This asset was poorly utilized by the pro.iect.

58. The main problem was the insufficient and low level technical assistance provided by the executing agency. Project staff was reduced after a few month to only two persons,(one finantial administrator and one mariculture technician. The biologist left in mid stream and was not replaced). Of the two remaining staff only the technician continued working fulltime on the field. The finantial administrator spent 2/3 of his time at the Royal Pacific office in Santiago, (300 km from Los Vilos).

59. There was also an obvious lack of professional leadership, as the Project leader could only visit ocassionally the project site. on account of his multiple personal activities in Santiago. This fact was reported by FEPEMACH in communication to the RTC (March,17th.1993.attached), but the supervision of the project personnel was out of RTC competence, so it was not possible to inforce improvement in the technical group performance. and there were permanent difficulties to meet with the Projec leader.

60. In order to to assist FEPEMACH, a national Seminar was holded in Los Vilos 2-3 July 1993 with CTR technical and finantial support (through the Small Grants program), to analize advances made by the Fisherman in view of the new Fishing Law and changes in the right of access to the Coastal zones, wich permited some review of the project achievements and shortcommings.

61. This analysis is not reflected in the project Final Report, wich was prepared without a proper discussion,(the document was not known to FEPEMACH and CTR before it was sent to Ottawa). The review of this document made during this consultancy, shows that it is full of misconceptions and contain very little. if any technical data. This is a reflection of the lack of professional supervision shown during the project execution and the analysis of its results.

u u Ll c u L u c L u G Ll

L u u 0 c G ~

- - - - -

1±

62. A separate note is required on the use of the Rotatory Fund. This was an important tool devised to provide support to the project production activities. This was not done, apparently for lack of proper planning and/or decition making capability, and it remained underutilized until the end of the project. The Finantial report has not been available to me, so I don't exactly known how it was spent. According to FEPEMACH certain proportion of it is still under Royal Pacific control. The project leader has not been available for comments on this issues.

63. Another conflicting element in the Final Report is the creation of a private enterprise called PRODISA S.A •• that is presented as a project achievement in terms of projects Objective (e) to assist in the marketing of products through a .L:i,_~_h_EHJ!l_C!-Il cooperative. PRODISA was created as a private enterprise by two of the Royal Pacific field project staff. Their aim is to provide mariculture training to the fisherman as a profit activity and it has meet with resistance f ram the fisherman because of the low level of the training offered. It differs from the project objective in that is not a fisherman organization, and if any, it would compit with the fisherman as an intermediary in the marketing of fish products.

COMMENTS/RECOMMENDATIONS

64. In spite of its shortcomings, this is one of the most promisory of the projects we have supported in the past, particularly because of the high level of participation of the fisherman and the.rapid impact that the activities initiated has in the community. FEPEMACH has been essential in the achievements that can be shown at this stage.

65. We have discussed during this evaluation, the results of the project with FEPEMACH; they are concerned that the Final Report sent to IDRC does not reflect correctly the project achievements, particularly the socio economic and organizational aspects that were mainly due to the direct work of FEPEMACH • In this respect, the fisherman feel that Royal Pacific has taken undue credit for things they did not do. such as the coordination of field research activities conducted under other finantial arrangements, and in particular, the group commercialization of the chilean abalone, undoubtely a result of FEPEMACH organization and drive.

66. FEPEMACH has officially expresed to RTC their interest to go ahead with a new phase. integrating into one project the various activities now being executed by several national institutions. They feel strongly though. that if IDRC agrees to continue its support in a new phase, it should be under a different executing agency than the present project.

u

c

u .L u u

u

c

u u

15

RECOMMENDATIONS

67. The excelent grass root level organization shown by the fisherman association FEPEMACH in spite of the short commings from the technical group. merit that it would be consider for further assistance.

68. FEPEMACH should be the basis of a new project that would continue the development activities under a reviewed operational arrangements that would ensure adquate professional support. This project can be a case study for the practical application of the ICD model in coastal communities and a training ground for other fisherman groups inter~sted in following the same path.

69. Several fisherman associations in Chile has requested FEPEMACH assistance in training their members in organizational, and production matters, where they feel they can learn from their peers experience. The FEPEMACH experience in the promotion of selfsustainibility using the ICD model can also be applicable to coastal communities in Peru~ where similar projects are in progress.

70. The situation in FEPEMACH at present is as follows :

a)

b)

c)

d)

some coastal leases has been asigned to individual communities

in those. some mariculture activities (seaweed. mollucs) are been initiated. but need expansion

management plans for coastal resource (chilean abalone. sea urchins) has been prepared with goverment assistance, but need continuous technical supervision to be put in practice

the establishment of management zones and cultivation systems in the coastal areas required that fishing operations will be moved offshore. Offshore resources are available to fisherman within their alloted 5 miles exclusive operational zone. This resources are deeper than their usual fishing grounds, and require different type of gear to be harvested. In order to tap those resources, fisherman will require to change their small, out board motor boats to small scale, mechanized, multipurpose vessels.

u L c 0 w 0 ~

c. w Q

w w w

w

c c G c 0

71. A new integrated multipurpose project should be devised for FEPEMACH to expand and diversify their production activities. It should be a pilot activity to be executed with national and foreign inputs under an adequate and efficient technical administration. The main project objectives should be addressed to

a) Conduct an experimental survey in the 5 miles exclusive fishing zone to assess potential capture with new fishing gears and small scale multipurpose vessels. The resulting catch will be commercialized to cover operational costs.

b) Test policulture systems and resource management methods in ' '

the coastal leases asigned to fisherman associations. Maintain estrict scientific control of production experiments.

c) Establishment of a fisherman runned (with apropiate professional support). production/marketing micro enterprise to facilitate the flow of products from producers to consumers.

e) Establish a qualified multidisciplinary technical support/training group to advise FEPEMACH in the achievement of the project objectives.

ARTISANAL FISHERIES (PERU) II

(91-0260)

.L., I \ File/Dossier

/i'" INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPi,i"cNT RESEARCH CENTRE 91-0260

i J CENTRE DE RECHERCHES POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT INTERNATIONAL

J. •· . l Prepared By/Prepare par . j' ~- • .7' PROJECT SUMMARY/RESUME DE PROJET ~ \ CANADA

Ramon Buzeta

lrProject Titte Titre du projet ARTISANAL FISHERIES (PERU) II

-\Division Division Agriculture, Food and Nu!.rition Sciences I

;-Activity/Sub-Activity Fisheries/Artisanal Fisheries Secteur I sous-secteu r -0

Recipient Institution (Name and Location) lnstituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE) .Seneficiaire (nom de l'organisme et endroi1) Lima, PERU

"'"". ) (

-i~esearch Institution (Name and Location) Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE) nstitution de recherche (nom et endroit)

' Lima, PERU

:-1 Wroject Leader (Name and Location) Ing. Bernardo lshiyama Cervantes (IMARPE) Charge de projet (nom et endroit) Approvals

0 Lima, PERU

Approbations

Funding: Amount (CAD) Duration (Months) Program Director .Subvention: montant (CAD) duree (mois) $148.600 - 18 rronths Directeur de programme

~u lther Phases: (Amount. Duration) utres phases: (montant, dun~e) $224 500 (88-0191) - 24·rronths

Recipient Contribution [[ontribution du beneficiaire

$115,500 GRANT APPnOVEQ ..

February 19, 1992 -Other Participating ~gencies

on ............... , ........... ~.·.!.!!I Autres organismes participants

~ -----

Abstract/ Abrege The President or Vice-President Le President ou Vice-president

u ) Artisanal fishermen are an important economic sector in Peru in. the ·.· -·

Qroduction of food for local consumption (13 Kg/h year, the highest on the continent) and quality products for export. Following the disastrous cholera

opidemic, artisanal fishermen were strongly affected both socially and conomically. The Executive Committee

Le Comite de direction Q IMARPE, through activities conducted during Phase I (88-0191) initiated coordinated and technically guided development plan to promote organization,

training and diversification of fishing and mariculture activities at two fishing ~mmunities of Central Peru (Carquin and San Andres) following the ICD

tegrated Coastal Development Model, developed by the IDRC Fisheries Program in Latin America. ..

u The present phase II will go a step further to expand the phase I activities The Board of Governors Le Conseil des gouverneurs

on bioecological research, technological application and social science studies into Cbterdisciplinary tasks on sustainable production, mariculture and , mmercialization. A formal training program at the community level will be established at the two recipient communities. .. . . •

0 . Pro!=:! ~~~mmary

r~·;ii:;,·,;ed c:i February 25, 1992

......... ··-················ ........•

~-~~---- -- -~~~--- ---r-•-------~-- --------- --- ---------~----- - ---~--- -- ---- ----------

u u u: G L u

Ll

17

72. This project is a follow up of the former (88-0191) aiming to consolidate tne application of the ICD model at two coastal communities of the central peruvian coast.

The specific objectives were:

Promote community based resource management options

Technology transference using participatory methodology

Organizations of microenterprises to enhance economic return

Improve community leaders/technical staff interaction

73. This proiect is closely linked to other R&D activities implemented by IMARPE at Carquin and San Andres, where organized

. fishing communities exist.

74. No formal project reports were available to the consultant, so the information on project performance was gathered by direct interviews with project personnel, IMARPE authorities and community leaders.

75. The restructuring of IMARPE and changes ocurring in- the peruvian fisheries sector ( there were 3 consecutives changes of IMARPE Authorities in the last 2 years >~ had a negative impact in the project execution since its aproval by early 92. Field visits were discontinued during the restructuring period (92 -93) so it was only recently that activities are starting to build up again.

76. Some technology transference operations has taken place, particularly.in terms of scallop rearing, utilizing seeds produced at IMARPE, but results are inconclusive so far. Some family enterprises are starting to operate in San Andres (commercialization of fisheries products, women processing of minced fish (cebiche) and Carquin (capture~ commercialization of crabs, scallop cultivation). but the project is still far from achieving other more complex ob:iectives, such as establishing participative field working groups and community based resource management.

u u w w u

u

I I

~

w w

18

77. The principal set back has been the institutional project support ·at IMARPE because of the continuous changes of administration and consequent lack of project leadership. This fact also affected the field activities and demovilized de fisherman community.

CQMMENTS/RECOMMENDATION

78. The job instability created in the technical staff during the restructuring period, as well as the finantial uncertainty, had practically paralized all research activities at IMARP~. It is expected that these deficiencies will be overcome now that a new institutional frame is in place. The present IMARPE administration has expressed their genuine interest -to make up for the lost time.

79. The project should be allowed to complete their activities according to a new time agenda.

80. If funds are available. it would require some external consultant input to assist them in the review of the project objectives and field methodology. and in the evaluation of project results. A two months consultancy spread in 2 or 3 visits is considered a minimum input to consolidate the technical working group and restart the project activities in the proper way.

81. If a Regional Project on Co~stal Management is established in the Region, it could provide an important boost to this activities in Peru.

COASTAL MANAGEMENT (PERU)

(91-0259)

( ( INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE CENTRE DE RECHERCHES POUR LE DEVELOP~EMENT INTERNATIONAL

PROJECT SUMMARY/RESUME DE PROJET ~roject Title "Titre du projet

Gestion du littoral (Perou)

bivision Sciences de l'agnculture, de l'allmentat10n __ et-de la nutnuon ~ivision ·•

Activity/Sub-Activity Peches/Peches artisanales -pecteur/sous-secteur

.;,~ecipient Institution (Name and Location) 13eneficiaire (nom de l"organisme et endroit)

Universidad Nacional de San Agustin Arequipa (Perou)

File/Dossier .,,. '·3~p~91-025g

:;;.c:::;..:'J:.,~t ··-~·'.

P...(epared B.v/Preoare par Kaman tsuzeta

~\ ·,.-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-:-:-...,.-~.,-,-...,...,,..,,.-...,.-~,.....,.--,,,---,-~....,....___,,'="~,...,.-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-t

~esearch Institution (Name and Location) Universidad Nacional de San Agustin (UNSA) Institution de recherche {nom et endroit) Arequipa (Perou)

LJ Project Leader (Name and Location)

_Charge de projet (nom et endroit) u . Funding: Amount (CAD) Duration (Months)

(~ubvention: montant (CAD) duree (mois)

i.)ther Phases: (Amount. Duration) Autres phases: (montant. duree)

U·"lecipient Contribution

ontribution du be~eficiaire

Other Participating Agencies f ·ttres organismes participants

Julio Valdivia Universidad Nacional de San Agustin (UNSA)

50 000 (18 mois)

79 900 $ CAD (24 mois)

150 200 $CAD

Abstract/ Abrege

Approvals Approbations

Program Director Directeur de programme

The President or Vice-President Le President ou Vice-president _,-..,

u~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~

L'Institut de Recherche & Developpement hydrobiologique (INDEHI) de la Universidad O"rSan Agustin de Arequipa travaille depuis deux ans, grace a des fonds du CRDI, a un f •)jet multidisciplinaire de promotion de la p&he artisanale sur le littoral sud du Perou ~ojet 88-0191-03).

( ~> travaux sont relies aux elements du mod~le du developpement c:Otier integre (DCI), W les ressources marines renouvelables et leur milieu, les techniques de capture, d'elevage et de postproduction et les aspects socioeconomiques des activites de production r 1 pecheurs et de leur famille.

~te seconde phase portera, au cours des 18 prochains mois, sur les options de gestion de la_peche artisanale sur le littoral sud peruvien la oil Ies ..:aracteristiques socioeconomiques 4 \la collectivite de p(!cheurs seront particuli~rement a-propos. Elle s'interessera aussi a la ~nmercialisation des produits de la p(!che et a certains aspects de !'organisation des collectivites de pecheurs.

0 0 Ll

G-, -MU·~-~ .n~·· ..•.

The Executive Committee Le Comite de direction

The Board of Governors Le Conseil des gouverneurs

u u

19

82. The aim of this project was the experimental application of a s er i e of t e c hn o 1 o g i es that co u 1 d be u t i l i zed in the int e gr at e d development of small scale fisheries in the southern coast of Peru. These would be done by a g-roup of university reserchers at a Coastal station. prior to its transference to fisherman communities in that region.

83. The main technologies to be tested were:

RESULTS

- Management of a small coastal area without fishing

- Mariculture of Scallops and Chilean abalone (Loco) in a coastal lease asigned to the University

- Test of a small fish atracting devise,FAD (payao) for large pelagics

- preparation of fishing charts for small scale fisheries planning

84. The project is still going, so only the first (Advance) Report was available. Nevertheless, the results are remarcably good for the short time spent in this activitie and the small amount of money involved.

A first evaluation of the distribution. relative abundance, growth rates and food avai 1ibi1 i ty in tne area under study has been conducted. This is an area with restricted access under university control. The area shows good potential for recovery under proper management, and is being used for the establishment of cultivation systems and fishing with FAD' s which shows very good performance in the prevailing local conditions. Parallel with these research, oceanographic data has been collected and analysed (temperature, salinity. 02.levels. tides. currents. weather. etc) that will be used for the cultivation and fishing operations).

u

u

u

COMMENTS/RECOMMENDATIONS

S5. This is an excellent little project. very tight and neat, that shows that a small group of qualified researchers can acomplish a lot with rather little money provided they are direct on the ground (the three main ·researchers liy~ at the station). I t i s di ff i cu 1 t to compare th i s • w i ch i s "Pr inc i pa 11 ;v a res ear ch project. with other activities that involve working directly with a fishing- communit:v.

86. The lesson that one can draw from this is that a good R&D project should be two folds : have a good research group that can do properly its home work b~_f_Q_r_~ they g-o to work w1 tn the community, but then it is neccesar;v to have a good practical team that can operate at community level using tested technology that can be adapted to the particular conditions on the community. with technical support and guidance from the research unit.

This group should be earmarked for a future regional Peru as it could provide an excellent backing to activities conducted by IMARPE.

project in the field

u u u r.J

Q u I \

~. INTEGRATED COASTAL DEVELOPMENT NETWORK

(LATINAMERICA) II

(90-0168)

·, -, \ Al1:_ ,/

File/Dossier .. _ ./ f, -(ji) INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE

CENTRE DE RECHERCHES POUR LE DEvELOPPEMENT INTERNATIONAL .9(L:0:0l68'." . / !,~-.. ...,_,,,,., ... ::·i J

. ~~ .......... PROJECT SUMMARY/RESUME DE PROJET Prepared By/Prepare par

CANADA Ramon Bu zeta ..

0 Project Title INTEGRATED COASTAL DEVELOPMENT NETWORK (REGIONAL) II Titre du projet

Division Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Sciences Division

Activity/Sub-Activity Fisheries/Artisanal Fisharics Secteur/sous-secteur

Recipient Institution (Name and Location) Centro Peruano de Estudios para el Beneficiaire (nom de l'organisme et endroit) Ecodesarrollo Marino (ECODEMAR) Lima, Peru

Research lnstituti61}- (Name and Location) Centro Peruano de Estudios pa:i;a el Institution de recherche (nom et endroit)

Ecodesarrollo Marino (ECODEMAR) Lima, Peru ' Project Leader (Name and Location) Dr. Rogelio Villanueva Charge de projet (nom et endroit) Approvals

Lima, Peru Approbations

Funding: Amount (CAD) Duration (Months) $240,000 - 24 months Program Director Subvention: montant (CAD) duree (mois) . Directeur de programme

Other Phases: (Amount. Durationi89 Ol S? Autres phases: (montant. duree) - I $134,650 - 15 months APPROVED Recipient Contribution Grant approved Contribution du beneficiaire on

February 6' 1991 Other Participating Agencies J.nSLl.L.ULU ut:.L l"lClL Ut:.L •.;Lu ~ .Ll"l&~r .-)

Autres organismes participants Lima, Peru DATE: February 06, 1991

Abstract/ Abrege The President or Vice-President Le President ou Vice-president

,,

Two regional projects which operated throu_gh a Network mechanism have been already implemented by the LARO Fisheries Program to coordinate and support Artisanal Fisheries R & D activities in Latin America: Artisanal Fisheries Network (Chile) -FUNCAP- (88-0018) and Integrated . Coastal Development Thrust (Latin America) -ECODEMAR- (89-0157). The previous phase (89:...0157) was a short preparatory project (15 months) directed to transfer the activities previo.usly conducted by FUN CAP-Chile to ECODEMAR-Peru, which provided efficient coordinating

The Executive Committee a more Le Comite de direction

mechanism for regional actions. Its main goal has been to promote applied/integrated research through the organization Of interdisciplinary working groups addressing the biological, technical and socio-economic aspects of Artisanal Fisheries development. Its major achievements were: the establishment of national ICD committees in Chile, Peru and Brazil, and the firm insertion of the ICD model as the guiding tool for the ongoing Artisanal Fisheries activities in the continent.

The Board of Governors The present project is a 24 month project, to be executed by the Le Conseil des gouverneurs

Centro Peruano de Estudios para el Ecodesarrollo Marino (ECODEMAR) with the assistance of the Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE). Its overall objective is to consolidate the regional coordinating mechanism and execute a working plan in support of the priorities, training and exchange needs of artisanal fisheries projects and institutions, within the frame of the integrated coastal develapment .

~ur;.m&ry approach defined by the Fisheries Program for L . . roiect. atin America. .

ravic'.·-. ad C:l I"" - L -· ' " - ,~'11

_.., w "J - ' - -93000-002 (REV 11-84)

-- - ---·------- -- - ----------- - ------------~~ ~-- ---- ~- ----- ----- -~-~-- -------------------- ------- -- -- ---- - --

0

0 c

0

0

21

87. This is one of the most important activities initiated by the former IDRC Fisheries Program for L.America, and formed the core of the ICD thrust in the continent. This project represent the 2nd phase Network, and its main objective was model in fours selected countries Brasil), and the execution of the 4th. in Peru.

of the Artisanal Fisheries the application of the ICD (Chile,Peru, Colombia and

L.American Artisanal Seminar

88. It is rather difficult to make an accurate assessment of this activity on two accounts:

First, the proiect is si:111 in operation, and in a regional activity such as this. results are not so clear cut as technical projects, and

Secondly, this Project was designed to operate in close coordination and under the supervision of the regional off ice of the Fisheries Program for L. America, a:hd this one was discontinue in mid stream, with the result that the ICD Network had to asume the rol of the former, until a new Regional Coordination mechanism (the Regional Technical Commission, RTC) could be put in place to provide guidance and assistance to the Network and national projects System.

89. In spite of these set backs, the ICD Network Project managed to keep the momentum of the Fisheries Program for L.America, conduct the 3th L.Am Seminar on Artisanal Fisheries. (3rd.SLAPA) one of the most important activities of Review of the Regional Priorities on coastal fisheries management held in the continent ever, and contributed decisivei:v to the establishment of the RTC as a coordinating mechanism to serve as a focal point for the development of an evaluating and planning capacity within the ICD conceptual frame.

u w' 0 u c u u c 0 a 0 0\

u r,- r

w 0-w~

0 tJ

u - - - - -

90. One serious setback has been the delay (over two years!} in the publication of the Proceedings of the 3rd.SLAPA.

The reason for this has been the same as the dela:v in the execution of the oroject Artisanal Fisheries (Peru) II : changes in the Administration of IMARPE. Nevertheless tnere is no justification for the technical documents left unpublished until now. and that has become obsolete after such a long time.

~OMMENT_s.iRECOMMENDAT I ON S

91. The ICD Network project has achieved at least 4 of the 6 spec111c objectives in its Terins of H.e1erence, namely prov1ae a link with the ongoing ICD projects~ support regional mechanisms and technical planning caµacity within the region. and organize the 3rd.SLAPA.

This was done· in i:ne be£ruinirnr. in absence of the technical sup o o r t of the Re~ i on a l 0 f f i c e o f the F i she r i es Pr o gr am f or L.America, and later. in close coordination with the Regional Technicai Commission.

92. The role played by the two re~ional Networks created by the Fisheries Program (Aquaculture. Art.Fisheries) has been completed, and as anticipated. they should marg-e in a unified regional coordination mech~nism. the RTC.

93. It is expected that the establishment of a Regional Project addressing the problem of promoting the sustainable management of the coastal zones and river basins. would build up from the experience achieved in the administration and use of regional mechanisms as the one in consideration. It would be the role of this new project to advance one step further in the objective of creating a collegiate advisory capacity within the research establishment of the continent to fase the multisciolinary problems placed by the Development process.

0 u

0 c c

u

c .G

23

QYERALL VIEW

94. When reviewing the work done by the IDRC Fisheries Program in Latinamerica in the last 12 years some elements come into view in a clearer perspective :

The procedure utilized to review tne regional prior1~1es was from the beguining highly participative. fostering the interaction between the researchers and the tarject recipients (artisanal fisherman). This in turn. created throughout the continent a sense of unity in the evaluation of the common problems and potential solutions. This is evident from the scope and depth of the scientific papers submitted to the three Latinamerican Seminars on Artisanal Fisheries held in the region in 1985. 1989 and 1991.

95. This regional review provided a first approximation to a common frame of reference. But the accuracy in the forecast of events (i.e. the focus on the management of the coastal zones• the importance of artisanal fisherman in the administration of the coastal resources, and the changes in the regimen of access ) were achievements due to the continuous process of interaction triggered by the Fisheries programm through the Network system and the integrated projects linked by the Network •

96. Whithin this context one should review the individual projects results and shortcomings. There is no doubt that there is still a long wav to go in order to have an organized fisheries production system throughout the continent. that can meet the demands of the 1 ocal consumption market and the export requirements imposed by the economic development process. This should be done respecting the ecological balance and the sustainability of the Resource.

9"{. Most of the projects reviewed shows deficiencies in the operational aspects. Technical shortcommin!Z's are of second importance to administrative failures. Although in some cases the technical personnel were not of the highest standard. capable persons could have been made available should a better management would have been in place at the decition making level.

.u:

C,

fl' ~

24

98. Surprisingly~ the performance of the community was in some cases more efficient and committed than the technical groups. This fact shows that there is a growing awareness among the fisherman and small producers that they can take a protagonic role in the making of their future. It is fertile ground to work toward the sustainible development of the coastal zones if an appropiate technical support infrastructure can be established. This should be the principal objective of a future Regional Proi:rram.

99. Secondly. the projects performance shows that when apropiate field activities has been conducted, the community response has been good and a dynamic process take place within the recipients that foster selfreliance. Fisherman learn principally by imitation, so a future project should take this into account when planning the project activities. A future re~ional proiect in coastal management should be participative. practical and use extensively "in farm research and training:" methodolog·ies.

QJJTLINE OF A FUTURE REGl9_BAL _ _f'_RQ~EC1'_9N ___ COMMUNITY BASED COASTAL_ MANAGEMENT_

100. From the review of field projects conducted during this consultancy and the evaluation of present needs and conditions in the region an outline of the kind of project required at this stage emerge.

101. Three of the local communities visited along the Chile Peru coast where ongoing development activities are in progress shows good potential to become pilot projects where·the ICD model can be tested. This are, Caleta Leng·a in the Chile): FEPEMACH (Choapa/Limari) Carquin (Lima, Peru).

8th Region (Concepci6n/Arauco, in the 4th Region of Chile: and

102. The fisherman colfillmnities involved has allready adapted the ICD model as a olannin~ tool for their production oriented activities, and has . been exposed to participatory planning methodology. It would be neccessary to establish well organized multidisciplinary field working groups, and a centralized monitoring capacity to properly manage the field activities.

103. Because of the previous operational problems I would recommend that the supervisor capacity would be entristed to the Regional Technical Commission, where I can provide coordination and professional guidance to the Technical and administratives groups involved in the project field execution

The project outline would be as follows:

LI

c n '-.' ('., ~·

u

. o -~

2_§_

104. To implement a community based. coastal management/development project that will foster commun1t;i.' self reliance through the establishment of Pilot small scale enterprise in the Pacific coast of Chile, Perft using the ICD model as a frame of reference. -

Specific objective

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Develop a medium term strategy for the development of rural coastal communities including organization, training and access to the market as main thrusts within the ICD conceptual frame.

Establish participatory multidisciplinary working groups at three coastal communities in· Chile, Choapa/Limari. and Carauin) for the activities described in Obj. 1).

Perft (i.e. Lenga, execution of field

Establish under the RTC (Reg·ional Technical Commission) a - technical advisory group with specialists in coastal management, bioecology, marine technology and socioeconomics, from the institutions involved in the execution, to evaluate project oro~ress and when approoiate. adjustment to the work plan.

Establish .microenterprises in communities, oriented to cultivation). µrocessing. and products.

each one of the selected the production (fishing, commercialization of fishing

Asign a Regional Advisor/Project Director, on charge of the (3) Team Leaders. responsible for field execution, to provide coordination. supervision and guidance to the overall program. and for direction of the Technical Advisory Group described in Ob.i. c •

LI u

-r_ } \ ~'

u -u

-D

u

PROJECT DU]~j\_T I ON ArLQ __ Q!LT_PJ]_'I'_

105. The project should be desi~ned in 2 phases of 30 months each with the following expected output:

Phase I:

a. b. c. d.

e.

i' •

Asign Regional Project Director Establish Technical Advisory group Establish three field Working ~roups (one in each commutity) Determine Work plan, specific objectives and time table for each commutity Initiate Organization, Training and Commercial activities in each community Establish production/commercialization microenterprises in each community

Phase II:

g. Create field Regional Training Unit w1i:n commun1i:y leaders to disseminate pilot experience in new fishing communities of Chile. Peru

h. Train comrnuni ty leaders. fisherman. int er est ed in reproducing this pilot experience. within the ongoing project activities at the three orio;rinal communities

i. Report the project results and experience in a serie of technical publications under the Re~ional Technical Commission sponsorship.

This part to be discussed with the Division once the basic idea has been aproved. A gross estimation for the I phase would be US$100 000/ per each community, US$ 60 000 Regional Advisor fee (30 m/m). and US$25 000 regional operational costs (travel, meetings).

1994 R. Buzeta

1991 R. Buzeta

1991 R. Buzeta

1989 R. Buzeta

1989 R. Buzeta

1988 R. Buzeta

1987 R. Buzeta

28

The development of Artisanal Fisheries and the Sustainable Management of the coastal areas in L. America Contrib to the CRRN Wshop. Barbados

On the APPiication of the ICD Model to the Case of the Artisanal Fisheries in chile. Contribution to the III Lai:1n American Svmposium on Artisanal Fisheries (Lima, Peru 21-24 October. 1991)

On the Development of a Conceptual Frame for i:ne Avplication of an Integrated Coastal Development (ICD) Program for Artisanal Fisheries in Latin America. In House Research Program Results (IDRC Fisheries Program) Feb/Apr 1991

Development, An Integrated Coastal alternative for the Sector (Article). (Conapach, Chile) 14-15 (Esp)

Artisanal Fisheries I~ Magazin La Caleta

NQ 4 June 1989 pp:

Ar t i s an a 1 Fi sher i es • The Need for an Development Integrated Coastal

Proceedings of the Ar t i s an a l F i sher i es . (1989) 358pp.

II Seminar on A. Arrizaga Ed.

An Integrated Development Model for Artisanal Fisheries Communities in Latin America. Contribution to the Latin American Symposium on Living Resources and Fisheries of the South Pacific, 8pp, Tabl/Figs. South Pacific Permanent Commission (CPPS), Vina del Mar.

Inte~rated Coastal Development (ICD) An Alternative for the Organizai:1on and Development of the Artisanal Fisheries Subsector. In Biologia Pesquera nQ 16 115-120pp.

~\

u

n •

w LI

1990

1992

1992 (Dec)

1993 (Jan)

i 994 (Jan)

1993 (Sep)

1993 (Jul)

- ---------------------------

Fisheries 2000. A strategy for IDRC Fisheries AGRODEV Canada Inc. (Int. Report.)

Round Table on Present status and Iuture requirements of Training for The Artisanal Fisheries Sector in Chile (Report. Spanish) CTR

Pr o j e c t 8 8 • 0 11 9 F i sher i es Te c hn • Tr ans f e r i n L • America. Final Report. Catholic Univ. Concepcion, Chile

Project 91.0213 Fisheries Production. Royal Pa~ific S.F. Chile. Mid Term Rep.

Project 91.0213 Fisheries Production. Royal Pacific S.F. Chile. Final Report.

Project 91-0259 Coast~l Management, Peru. Advance Report.

Project 91-0250 Fisheries Development. Advance Report Catholic Univ. Concepcion. Chile.