affection; affectionate - Duke University Press

Aaffection; affectionate

little old adj phr • Used to express disparagement, familiarity, or affection

lollipop n 2 • also used as an affectionate nickname

nigger n 1 B lc • Used in a relatively neutral or affectionate sense by White speakers

AfricanJohn Canoe n • [Folk-etym from W Afr

source..]joog v • [Prob of Afr origin (cf DJE juk,

DBE jook)..] juba n • [Perh Afr; cf DJE Juba..] ki intj • [W Afr..]magofer n • [..perh of Afr or Amlnd origin..] mojo n • [Of Afr origin..] nyam v • [Of W Afr origin..] ofay n • [..African sources have been

proposed.., but the lack of early attestations weakens the hypothesis..]

Alabamakey n 3 • chiefly S Atl, AL (MAP and Map

Section)Lane cake n • Sth, esp AL, GA marionette n • esp LA, AL mellow bug n • esp GA, AL mourning dove n 2 • chiefly AL, FL nigger killer n 1 • chiefly S Atl, AL

Alaskaice bridge n • AKice worm n • AKicta n • Pacific NW, AKIndian celery n • AKIndian rhubarb n 2 • AKIndian rice n 3 • Pacific NW, AKinside adv 2 • AKinside n • AKIrish lord n • esp AKiron chink n • AK, WAiron dog n 2 • AKKamchatka lily n • AKkamleika n • AKkelpfish n a • AKking crab n 2 • chiefly AKking salmon n • Pacific, AKklootchman n • chiefly Pacific NW, AKkneel jump n • AKkokanee (salmon) n • West, esp AK, NW,

Rocky Mts lace flower n 2 • Pacific NW, AK lagoonberry n • AK land otter n • esp AK, Pacific NW

lay n 1 2b • AKlayman n • AKline cabin n • AKlingonberry n • chiefly AKlittle redfish n • NW, AKlowbush cranberry n • chiefly AKlower adj 2 • chiefly AKlush n • chiefly AKmackerel n 2 • AKmakoola n • AKmarsh felwort n • chiefly AKmashu n • AKmoroshka n • AKmossberry n 2 • AKmoss heather n • chiefly AKmountain hare n • West, AKmountain heath n 1 • chiefly West, AKmountain heather n 2 • chiefly West, AKmountain heather n 3 • AKmountain juniper n • chiefly West, AKmountain marigold n 1 • AKmouse nut n • AKmuck-a-muck n 1 • chiefly NW, AK mud shark n • nwAK mug-up n • scattered, but esp N Atl, Upper

Missip Valley, AK mukluk n 1 • chiefly AK mukluk telegraph n • chiefly AK muktuk n • AK mush n3 • AK mush v2 • chiefly AK musher n • chiefly AK muskeg n • chiefly AK, MN nagoonberry n • AK neck v 2 • AK needlefish n 3 • AK needlefish n 4 • AK niggerhead n 2 • scattered, but esp AK nushnik n • AK oogruk n • AK out adv B 1 • West, esp AK outside adv • esp AK outside n 1 • AK

Algonquiankillhag n • [Of Algonquian orig..] kinnikinnick n • [Algonquian..] kiskitomas n • [Of Algonquian origin..] kyack n 1 • [Prob Algonquian..] maninose n • [Of Algonquian origin..] mechameck n • [Prob of Algonquian origin..] methy n • [Of Algonquian origin..] moosemise n • [Of Algonquian origin] moxie n • [Perh < Algonquian base maski-

(or var) “medicine”..]

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ctober 2022

Allegheny Mountains 2

mummichog n • [Of Algonquian orig..] muskeg n • [CanEngl < Algonquian

(Ojibway mashkig, Cree mashkek)] muskellunge n • [Algonquian..] musquash n • [Algonquian] namaycush n • [Algonquian..] nitchie n • [Algonquian..]

Allegheny Mountainslick n 8 • chiefly Allegheny Mts

American Indian See Indian, American

American Portuguese See Portuguese, American

American Spanish See Spanish, American

Amishmite v • among Amish

apheticidentical adj • Also aphet ’denticul, dentikul in under prep phr • Also aphet nunder jellico weed n • [Aphet forms of angelica] jester n • [Prob aphet for digester..] laxed ppl adj • [..perh erron for prolapsed or

aphet form of relaxed]’ligion n • [Aphet forms of religion..] macadamize v • aphet forms acadami(z)ed,

cadamized macadamy n • Also aphet cadamy miration n • [Aphet form of admiration] molasses n (prone) • freq aphet I'laesiz, -isl mosquito n 1 (prone) • aphet I'skitaM muda grass n • [Aphet forms of Bermuda

grass]musquash n • Also aphet squash no-count adj • [Aphet..] (MAP) noculate v • [Aphet form of inoculate..] oblige v • aphet bleedged, blee(d)st,

bleedzed, bleege(d), bleeze, blidge(d), blige

oblige v (prone) • aphet IblijI occasion n, v • Also aphet form ’casion otie n • [Aphet form of coyote n prone

l,kai '(j)otil ]

Appalachiansin reason adv phr • sAppalachians ivy n 4 • chiefly Appalachians, sNEng jag n2 lc • chiefly Midi, esp sAppalachians jape v • esp sAppalachians jay v2 • Appalachians jay grab n • Appalachians jay hole n • Appalachians judgmatically adv • sAppalachians kick v B 1 • chiefly sAppalachians, S Atl

(MAP)kick v B2 • scattered, but chiefly west of

Appalachians (MAP) kindly adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp

sAppalachians

knob n 1 • widespread, but more freq N Cent, Appalachians (MAP)

knowing n 1 • chiefly sAppalachians,Ozarks

ladle n • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

lamp oil n 1 • scattered, but esp Appalachians (MAP)

lap v2 • esp sAppalachians, TX lashhorn n • Appalachians lasty adj • chiefly Appalachians, S Midi laurel n 2 • chiefly Atlantic, Appalachians laurel n 3 • chiefly sAppalachians, esp NC lead n 3 • sAppalachians least adj • chiefly S Midi, esp sAppalachians leather breeches n pi 1 • chiefly S Midi, esp

sAppalachians lettuce saxifrage n • chiefly Appalachians lie out v phr 2 • Sth, S Midi, esp sAppala

chians, GA, SC (MAP) light v2 2 • scattered, but esp S Atl,

sAppalachians (MAP) linguister n • chiefly sAppalachians list n 2 • chiefly sAppalachians liver-grown adj • chiefly sAppalachians, PA loafer v • chiefly sAppalachians (MAP) main adv • chiefly sAppalachians man-power v • esp sAppalachians mason wasp n • chiefly Mid Atl,

sAppalachians (MAP) master adv • chiefly ME, sAppalachians mattock n • widespread, but more freq

Appalachians (MAP) meadow n (prone) • chiefly sAppalachians,

Ozarks, occas NEng Melungeon n • sAppalachians, esp eTN milk gap n • chiefly sAppalachians molasses making n • sAppalachians moldwarp n • esp sAppalachians mort n • chiefly sAppalachians mortal adv • esp sAppalachians, NEng mother, may In * chiefly west of

Appalachians (MAP) mountain balsam n 2 • sAppalachians mountain boomer n 5 • chiefly sAppala

chiansmountaineer n • scattered, but chiefly

Appalachians (MAP) mountain ivy n • chiefly sAppalachians, esp

VAmountain lettuce n • chiefly Appalachians mow hole n • esp Appalachians, PA, NJ

(MAP)mowing blade n • chiefly S Midi, esp

sAppalachians (MAP) much adj 2 • chiefly sAppalachians name v • chiefly S Midi, esp sAppalachians nigger baby n 3 • chiefly west of

Appalachians (MAP) nigger pine n 1 • chiefly C and Mid Atl,

sAppalachians October bean n • chiefly sAppalachians, IN

(MAP)

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3 Australian

of prep Bb • esp Appalachians, Lower Missip Valley, SW (MAP)

offside horse n • scattered, but esp nAppalachians (MAP)

old woman is picking her geese, the phr • esp Appalachians

one more adj phr • sAppalachians open peach n • chiefly sAppalachians, Mid

Atl (MAP) oxeye daisy n 2 • chiefly NEast, N Cent,

sAppalachians

archaic (See also historic; obsolete; old- fashioned)

Indian wheat n 1 • arch into prep B2 • arch junk bottle n • arch kahili n • Arch spp kahile, kahiri kringle n • [Prob primarily < Dan kringle

(also..arch kringel)] ladies’ twist n • arch ladrone n • arch lawks intj • arch lax n • archleast conj • [Arch and Scots dial var of lest] longsome adj • [..perh infl by arch or Brit

dial longsome long, tedious] look v B2 • arch mislist v • archmorning, in the adv phr • archnation adj • archnation adv • archnature n B3 • archnature n B4 • archnetop n • archnigger n1 • arch spp nager, ne(a)ger, neeger,

negar, negur, niegor, niger nocake n • arch oldermost adj • arch or obs

Arizonaniggerhead n 3a • esp AZ

Arkansasjimplecute n 2 • esp AR, MS, MO, TX

Methodist pallet n • esp AR, TX outer road n • MO, AR

assimilated; assimilationjerk v2 • ppl adj jerked, by assim jerk,

preserved in this way joe bacon n • [Prob assim form of jowl] lampblack n • Pronc-sp, by assim, lam

blackoblige v (prone) • assim l(9)'blijl (for

obliged)

Atlantic (See also Central Atlantic; Middle Atlantic; North Atlantic; South Atlantic)

kindling wood n • scattered, but more freq Atl (MAP)

laurel n 2 • chiefly Atlantic, Appalachians library n (prone) • esp Atlantic main n 1 • chiefly Atlantic make up v phr 2 • chiefly Atlantic (MAP) mantelpiece n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

Atlantic (MAP) marry v (prone) • chiefly Atlantic, Sth marsh hay n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Atlantic

(MAP)*milk house n • widespread, but less freq

Sth, Atlantic (MAP) mountain laurel n 1 • chiefly Atlantic mud hen n 1 a • esp Atlantic *muley adj, n2 A1 (prone) • widespread exc

Atlantic coast (MAP)*muley adj, n2 A2 (prone) • scattered, but

less freq Atlantic coast, Gulf States (MAP) *muley adj B1 • widespread, but less freq

Atlantic coast (MAP) northeaster n • chiefly Atlantic; also Gt

Lakes (MAP) northwester n • chiefly Atlantic, Gulf

States, Gt Lakes (MAP) oxeye n 1 a • chiefly Atl coast

Australian; Australian National Dictionarykillick n • Cf..ANDmark v1 2 • [Cf AND 1883 (MAP) mud-fat adj • [..cf also AND (at mud 2)]

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ctober 2022

Bback-formation

-ie suff2 • [Prob back-formation from -ies 1] instant n • [..perh back-formation from

instance understood as instants] interpretate v • [Back-formation from

interpretation] jerk v2 • [Back-formation from jerky n2, or

directly from AmSpan charquear < charqui]

jink n3 • [Perh back-formation from jinx] jink v 2 • [..perh back-formation from jinx

to bring bad luck upon] jinked ppl adj • [..perh back-formation from

jinx to bring bad luck upon] lamentate v • [Back-formation from

lamentation..] lant n • [Prob back-formation from lance,

interpreted as lant s..] license n 1 (prone) • by back-formation, sg

I'laisnl, pronc-spp licen, lysun link n • [Back-formation from lynx

understood as pi] maltee n, adj • [Back-formation from

Maltese]mayonnaise n (prone) • proncs I'meane,

‘maineil are prob back-formations from I'meanezl understood as pi

middlebuster n 1 • by back-formation, v middlebust (MAP)

mirate v • [Back-formation from miration] mize v • [Back-formation from miser] norate v • [Prob back-formation from

noration..]

Bahamian; Dictionary of Bahamian Englishicening n • [..ci..DBE, DJE] jawbone n 1 • Cf DJE 1837 DBE jawbone breaker n 1 • [..cf DBE] joog v • [Prob of Afr origin (cf DJE juk,

DBE jook)..] longest, for the (last) adv phr • [..see also

DBE]long eye n • [Cf DBE long-eye “covetous”..] me adj a • [Cf DBE, DJE] mojo n • Cf ..DBEnosy around v phr • [Cf DBE nosey around

(at nosey v. “to pry”)] nyam v • [..cf DBE, DJE] one indef art D • Cf DBE, DJE one-one adv, adj, n • Cf DBE, DJE onetime adv • Cf DJE, DBE

Baltimore See Maryland, Baltimore

Belgian French See French, Belgian

Bible; BiblicalI-am n • [Cf Exodus 3:14 “I AM hath sent

me unto you.”] idle bread n • [Cf Proverbs 31:27

“She..eateth not the bread of idleness”] Jacob and Rachel n • [In allusion to the

deception of Jacob in Genesis 29:16-25] Jacob’s cattle bean n • [From its spotted

appearance, in allusion to Genesis 30:39] Jacob’s coat n • [Prob in allusion to

Genesis 37:3]Jacob’s ladder n 1 • [In allusion to Genesis

28:12..]Jehoshaphat n • [The Biblical name used

as a euphem for Jesus]Jehu n • [Cf 2 Kings 9:2, 20]Jemima n • [The Biblical name used as a

euphem for Jesus]Jerusalem n • [The Biblical name used as a

euphem for Jesus]Jerush(e)y intj • [Pronc-spp for the Biblical

name Jerusha used as euphems for Jesus..] jesse n • [Cf Isaiah 11:1]Jesus bug n • [In allusion to Matthew

14:25]Jesus Christ bird n • [In allusion to

Matthew 14:25] jewels-of-Opar n • [..cf 1 Kings 9:27-28] Job’s turkey n 1 • [Job, the Old Testament

patriarch..] (MAP)Jonah n B1 • [..cf Jonah 1:17; 2:10] (MAP) Jonah’s gourd n • [Cf Jonah 4:6—10] Joseph’s coat n • [..cf Genesis 37:3] Methodist measure n 1 • [Prob in ref to

Luke 6:38] ox n B2 • [Cf Luke 14:5..]

Blackice potato n • esp freq among Black

speakersigg v • chiefly among Black speakers instead adv • esp freq among Black speakers jack n 1 15 • among Black speakers jack up v phr 3 • esp freq among Black

speakersJames Brown n • among Black speakers jaw n • among Black speakers jeff n 1 • chiefly among Black speakers jeff v • among Black speakers jelly n 1 • esp freq among Black speakers jelly n 2 • esp freq among Black speakers jelly roll n 2 • among Black speakers jickhead n • esp freq among Black speakers jimswinger n 1 • esp freq among Black

speakers

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ctober 2022

5 Black

jitterbug n l * chiefly among Black speakers

jive adj • chiefly among Black speakers jive n • chiefly among Black speakers jive v 1 • chiefly among Black speakers joan v • among Black speakers Joe Louis n • esp freq among Black speakers jomo n • esp freq among Black speakers jook n 2 • orig among Black speakers

(MAP)jook v3 • esp freq among Black speakers jump salty v phr • esp freq among Black

speakersjump-up song n • chiefly among Black

speakersjust adv 3 (prone) • esp freq among Black

speakerskeen adj 1 • esp freq among Black speakers

(MAP)keep v A2 • esp freq among Black speakers keep v A3 • esp freq among Black speakers kernel n 2a • esp freq among Black speakers kitchen n2 2 • esp freq among Black

speakerskittledee n • esp freq among Black speakers knee baby n • now esp freq among Black

speakerslater exclam • esp freq among Black

speakerslavatory n • esp freq among Black speakers leave v A l • esp freq among Black speakers leave v A2 • esp freq among Black speakers leave v A3 • esp freq among Black speakers let v A2a • esp freq among Black speakers let v B 1 • esp freq among Black speakers like v1 B • esp freq among Black speakers little more and(, a) adv phr • among Black

speakerslittle Sally Walker n • esp freq among

Black speakers (MAP) live v B2 • esp freq among Black speakers lonesome adj C • esp freq among Black

speakerslong adj B3b • esp freq among Black

speakerslong v A • esp freq among Black speakers longest, for the (last) adv phr • esp freq

among Black speakers Lord n 1 B1 • esp freq among Black speakers

(MAP)love n C • esp freq among Black speakers love v B2 • esp freq among Black speakers love bone n • among Black speakers main man n • chiefly among Black speakers main squeeze n 2 • esp freq among Black

speakersmake v1 D21 • esp freq among Black

speakers (MAP) mamma n1 5 • esp freq among Black

speakersmammy n1 lb • among Black speakers mammy n1 5 • among Black speakers man n A • chiefly Sth, chiefly among Black

speakers pronc-spp mon, mun

man n B2 • esp freq among Black speakers man n C2 • esp freq among Black speakers man n C3 • esp freq among male Black

speakersman n C5b • among Black speakers mange n • among Black speakers mannish adj • esp freq among Black

speakersMary Jane n 1 • esp freq among Black

speakersmaster n • chiefly Sth, among Black

speakers, obs, mars(e), mass(a) master n • chiefly S Atl coast, among Black

speakers, obs, maus(sa), mossa master n B1 • Formerly used by Blacks in

the South as a respectful title measure n, v (prone) • among Black

speakersmeddle v 1 • chiefly among Black speakers member n • among Black speakers mercy seat n • esp freq among Black

speakersmess over v phr • chiefly among Black

speakersmiddleday n • esp freq among Black

speakersmines pron • esp freq among Black speakers miration n • esp freq among Black speakers misery n • esp freq among Black speakers Miss Ann(e) n • chiefly among Black

speakersMister Charlie n • among Black speakers mistress n • esp freq among Black speakers mistress n B1 • Formerly used by Black

speakers in the South moan n 2 • among Black speakers moan v • among Black speakers mojo n • orig chiefly among Black speakers monkey-chaser n • esp freq among Black

speakersmother dear n • chiefly among Black

speakers (MAP) mother wit n • esp freq among Black

speakersmouth n, v (prone) • chiefly among Black

speakersMr. It n • chiefly among Black speakers must vbl aux 2 • esp freq among Black

speakersmust be adv phr • among Black speakers nap n1 1 • among Black speakers nappy adj • esp freq among Black speakers nation sack n • among Black speakers natural n D • chiefly among Black speakers nature n B 1 • chiefly among Black speakers neither adj, adv, pron, conj (prone) • esp

freq among Black speakers never adv • chiefly among Black speakers nigger n 1 B ib • Used in a depreciatory sense

by Black speakers nigger n 1 B id • Used in a neutral or

favorable sense by Black speakers nigger n 1 B2b • esp freq among Black

speakers

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ctober 2022

blend 6

night doctor n • chiefly among Black speakers

none pron Bb • now esp freq among Black speakers

nose open, get one’s v phr • among Black speakers

nothing n (prone) • chiefly among Black speakers

nuse n, v • among Black speakers nusen v past • among Black speakers nyoung adj • among Black speakers ofay n • among Black speakers off v E • orig among Black speakers one adv C l • among Black (esp Gullah)

speakersoreo n • esp freq among Black speakers outside child n • esp freq among Black

speakers (MAP) outside man n 2 • esp freq among Black

speakers

blendimpity adj • [Perh blend of impudent +

uppity]intestinals n pi • [Prob blend of intestines +

internals]jackalope n • [Blend of jackrabbit 1 +

antelope]jahoo n2 • [Perh blend of Jehu 1 + yahoo] jamfest n • [Perh blend of gabfest and jam

session..]jeez-wax intj • [Prob blend of jeez and

beeswax]jitneur n • [Prob blend of jitney + chauffeur] judicule n • [Perh blend of judy (cf judy

bag) + reticule]

juvember n • [Blend of June + November] keepsies n pi • [Blend of keeps + -ies 2] kitty-wampus adv, adj • [Prob blend of

kitty-corner adv, adj + wampus] lara-hoopin adj • [Perh blend of larruping

adj 1 + whooping] log god n • [Perh blend of logcock + lord

god]lot n 3 • [Blend of a lot (of) 4- lots (of)] Mainiac n • [Blend of Maine + maniac] mater bump n • [Perh blend of matter n 1

B1 + nature bump] medinary adj • [Prob blend of medium +

ordinary]mescrew n • [Perh blend of mesquite +

screw bean] mogey v • [Perh blend of mog + mosey] mosquito doctor n • [Prob blend of

mosquito hawk 2a + snake doctor] narely adv • [Perh blend of not or nary adv

+ barely]nimwit n • [Blend of nitwit + dimwit] nip and go adv phr • [Prob blend of nip and

tuck + touch and go] nobbin n • [Prob blend of nob + noggin] norate v • [..perh blend of narrate + orate] oatlage n • [Blend of oats + silage] odds and endments n pi • [Prob blend of

odds and ends + oddments] or less conj • [Prob blend of or else + unless] oxheart n • [Blend of oxeye la +

blackheart 1]

British See England

Buffalo See New York, Buffalo

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ctober 2022

cCalifornia

ice plant n 1 • orig CA, now more widespread

Indian thistle n 2 • CA, Pacific NW Italian squash n • scattered, but esp CA,

SWjackass brandy n • scattered, but esp CA jacksnipe n 5 • CA jacksnipe n 6 • CAjelly doughnut n • widespread, but esp freq

NEast, S Atl, CA (MAP) jewfish n Id • CA johnny-nip n • esp CA johnny-tuck n • chiefly CA Johnny verde n • CA jota n • esp CA, sID, eOR kelpfish n b • CA kingfish n 3 • CA kisses n 2 • CA Klamath weed n • chiefly CA laguna n • chiefly TX, CA laurel n 5 • esp OR, CA lily bell n 1 • CA linnet n 4 • West, esp CA littleneck n 3 • CA little sugar pine n • CA live-forever n 4 • chiefly CA lizard tail n 2 • CA madrone n • chiefly CA mahala n • chiefly CA mahogany n 2c • CA mariposa lily n • esp CA marsh sparrow n 2 • CA maul oak n • esp CA meadow foam n • chiefly CA meadowsweet n 3 • CA medialuna n • CA mesa oak n • CA Mexican goose n i b * esp CA milquetoast n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, CA

(MAP)miner’s consumption n • chiefly West, esp

CA, NV, CO (MAP) mission bells n • West, esp CA mock orange n 2b • chiefly CA monkey bite n 1 • chiefly CA, also C and S

Atl (MAP)Monterey halibut n • c,sCA coast moronel n • CA mosquito bill n • esp CA mountain balm n 2 • chiefly CA mountain cat n 3 • CA mountain jay n 1 • West, esp CA mountain laurel n 3 • chiefly CA mountain live oak n • CA

mountain oak n b • West, esp CA mountain pride n • chiefly CA mule fat n • CA mush oak n • CA musk clover n • esp CA nigger heaven n 1 • chiefly Nth, Plains

States, Rocky Mts, CA (MAP) niggertoe n 3 • esp CA Okie n • chiefly Pacific, esp CA (MAP) one-foot-off-the-gutter n • CA oven n 2 • chiefly NEast, OH, MI, CA

(MAP)

caiquejalousie n • [..the form jealousy..is either a

caique or folk-etym] keep v B4 • [Caique of PaGer uf(f)halde] land rain n • [Caique of Ger Landregen

(PaGer landrejje, landregge) a steady rain] little n C2 • [Caique of Ger von klein au f (or

an), PaGer vun glee ujf] live-forever n 3 • [Caique of the generic

Sempervivum..] liver sausage n • [Caique of Ger Leber-

wurst] (MAP) liverwurst n • [Partial caique of Ger

Leberwurst] (MAP) lock open v phr • [Caique of PaGer

uffschliesse, Ger aufschliessen] longsome adj • [Prob caique of Ger langsam

slow..]look v B6 • [Caique of PaGer..] lost bread n • [Caique of Fr pain perdu] make v 1 C18 • [Caique of Fr faire] make v 1 D24 • [Caique of PaGer wacker

mache]make v1 D27 • [Caique of PaGer..] make v 1 D32 • [Caiques of Ger zumachen,

as in “Mach die Tiir zu!”] make down v phr 3 • [Caique of PaGer..] make out v phr 3 • [Caique of Ger

ausmachen..] make out v phr 6 • [Caique of Ger

ausmachen] me pron 5 • [Caique of Fr constr] on prep B12a • [Prob caique of Ger auf, an] on prep B12b • [Usu caique of Ger

£m;..perh caique of Haw ma on, at] once adv B • [Prob caique of Ger einmal,

but cf EDD] owl’s claws n • [Caique of the Navaho

name..]

Canadian; Dictionary of Canadianismsice-out n • Cf DCan

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ctober 2022

Canadian French 8

ice worm n • Cf DCan inconnu n • [..DCan 1806 -►]Indian breadroot n • [..DCan 1852 -►] Indian devil n 2 • [DCan 1853 -*] jackpot n 1 • [DCan 1887 kokanee (salmon) n • Cf DCan land otter n • [DCan 1828 -*] lowbush cranberry n • [DCan 1833 -►] lucivee n • [..cf DCan loup-cervier 1744

lucivee M l A -►] lush n • Cf DCanmal de raquette n • [..DCan 18211 Manitoba maple n • Cf DCan maple bush n • Cf DCan maple camp n • Cf DCan maple molasses n • Cf DCan maria n • [DCan 1909 -►] marsh hare n • [DCan 1930] marsh hawk n 1 • [DCan 1772 —►] marsh rat n 2 • [DCan c l902] meadow hen n 2 • [DCan 1896] memaloose adj, n • Cf DCan (at mamaloos) methy n • [..DCan 1743 -*] metis n • Cf DCan moccasin telegraph n • Cf..DCan mooseberry n • [DCan 1789 ->] moosemise n 1 • [DCan 1861 -►] moose shank n • Cf DCan moss heather n • Cf DCan mountain cat n 1 • [DCan c l 665 -► for the

lynx]mouse bush n • [Cf..DCan mouse ear..] muck n 1 2 • [DCan 1897 (in placer mining)] mush v2 • Cf DCan muskeg n • [CanEngl < Algonquian

(Ojibway mashkig, Cree mashkek)] muskellunge n • [..DCan (at maskinonge)

1761 -►] neck v 2 • Cf DCan nitchie n • Cf DCan

Canadian French See French, Canadian

Cariblatanier n • [Fr latanier, ult of Carib origin]

Celticmuley adj, n2 • [..ult of Celtic origin...] mull adj, n1 • [..ult of Celtic origin]

Centralkinfolk n pi • widespread, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi, Cent, TX (MAP) knot n1 3 • chiefly Sth, Midi, Cent (MAP) literary n • chiefly Cent lumber wagon n • chiefly Nth, Cent (MAP) monkey stove n • chiefly Cent *nanny n1 • scattered exc nNEng, Upper

MW, Cent (MAP)

Central Atlantickernel n 1 • chiefly C and S Atl; also Gulf

States (MAP and Map Section)

kick v B3 • esp C Atl, Gt Lakes (MAP) kiln n • esp C Atl, Lower Missip Valley

(MAP)kindling n • esp N and C Atl king n 2 • esp N and C Atl (MAP)*kitchen broom n • scattered, but less freq

C and Mid Atl, SE (MAP) land frog n • chiefly Midi, C Atl (MAP) land turtle n • scattered, but chiefly N Midi,

C Atl (MAP) lark n 1 1 • scattered, but chiefly C and S Atl levy n 1 • chiefly C Atllocal preacher n • scattered, but chiefly Sth,

S Midi, C Atl (MAP) log cart n • esp C and S Atl (MAP) loggerhead n 3 • chiefly Inland Nth, N Midi,

C Atl (MAP) log wagon • scattered, but esp Lower Missip

Valley, Ohio Valley, C Atl (MAP) long drawers n pi • scattered, but chiefly

SE, C Atl, seNY (MAP) long jeans n pi • scattered, but esp C Atl,

NEast (MAP) longshat pine n • C Atl low beam n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, C Atl,

West (MAP) ma n A3 (prone) • esp SC, C Atl (MAP) marsh rabbit n 2 • chiefly C Atl, Gt Lakes

(MAP)meat platter n • chiefly N Cent, N Midi, C

Atl (MAP)monkey bite n 1 • chiefly CA, also C and S

Atl (MAP) mouth organ n 1 • widespread, but chiefly

Inland Nth, C Atl; also S Atl, SW (MAP and Map Section)

*mumblety-peg n 2 • widespread, but less freq NEast, C Atl (MAP)

musquash n • chiefly C and N Atl, esp NEng

necessary n • scattered, but chiefly NEng, Mid and C Atl

newground n la • chiefly C and S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)

newsy adj • chiefly C Atl, esp PA nigger pine n 1 • chiefly C and Mid Atl,

sAppalachians *out n F2a • scattered exc NEast, C Atl

(MAP) oyster-cracker n 2 • C Atl

Chesapeake Bayimperial crab n • Chesapeake Bay area jimmy n 3 • Chesapeake Bay, VA and NC

coastslemon-belly n • Chesapeake Bay log canoe n • Chesapeake Bay maiden n • Chesapeake Bay maulhead n 1 • Chesapeake Bay mudlark v • Chesapeake Bay oyster toad n • Chesapeake Bay

Chicago See Illinois, Chicago

Dow


ctober 2022

9 Czech

childrenit ain’t done it phr • esp freq among children

Chinookicta n • [Chinook Jargon..] killapie adj, n • [Chinook Jargon] klootchman n • [Chinook Jargon “woman,

female”]memaloose adj, n • [Chinook Jargon

memaloost < Chinook memalust to die, dead] mo witch n • [Chinook Jargon] muck-a-muck n • [Chinook Jargon]

Chukchikamleika n • [Perh Chukchi kemlilyun]

clipped formjib-jab v • [Perh clipped form of jibber-

jabber..]jim town n • [Perh clipped form of jimcrack

shoddy, flimsy + town..] jit n2 • [Clipped form of jitney n 1]

Coloradomesa n 1 • chiefly West, esp SW, CO (MAP)

Mexican town n • chiefly TX, COminer’s consumption n • chiefly West, esp

CA, NV, CO (MAP)

Connecticutlobber v • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp

Upstate NY, CT, MI (MAP and Map Section)

merrywing n • esp CT

Cornishlogy adj 1 • [Cf EDD louggy, loogy “Tired,

‘fagged’; slow” (Com dial)..] (MAP)

Creemuskeg n • [CanEngl < Algonquian

(Ojibway mashkig, Cree mashkek)]

creoleman n C2 • [..also characteristic of West

Indian Creoles..]

Czechkolacky n • [Czech kolac < kolo wheel,

circle] (MAP)

Dow


ctober 2022

DDanish

ish intj • [Norw isj, Dan, Sw isch] kringle n • [Prob primarily < Dan kringle..] krumkake n • [..Dan krumkage] lutefisk n • [Norw lutefisk; Sw lutfisk; Dan

ludfisk] (MAP) mauger adj • [..Dan, Du, Ger, Norw, Sw

mager..]

DC, Washington See Washington, DC

Delawaremom-mom n • PA, NJ, DE, MD (MAP) Moor n • chiefly cDE, sNJ miing you (all) pron • DE, MD

Delmarvalodging n • chiefly eNC, Delmarva maninose n • chiefly Delmarva, NC neither adj B • Delmarva nick n 1 • Delmarva (MAP)

depreciatory (See also disparagement)nigger n 1 B la • Used in a depreciatory sense

by White speakers nigger n 1 B ib • Used in a depreciatory sense

by Black speakers

derisive (See also disparagement)-ma- infix • in “nonsense” words, often with

jocular, ironic, or derisive force

derogation; derogatory (See also disparagement)

Ikey n 1 • usu derogIndian time n • usu derogink n B • sometimes derogIrish n 1 B2c • often considered derogIsaac n • derogissue n B 1 • usu considered derog it n 1 • derogit pron D • usu derog or in ref to a child Itie n • derog jack Mormon n 1 • derog jack Mormon n 2 • often derog jackpine savage n • joc or derog jake n 1 1 • derogjarhead n 2 • Used as a derog epithetjasper n2 1 • often derogjazzbo n • derogjeff n 1 • derogjelly bean n 1 • derogjelly bean n 2 • sometimes derogjerkwater adj 1 • joc or derog (MAP)

jobbernowl n • Used as a vague term of derogation

jook n 2 • often derog (MAP) jungle bunny n • derog kanaka n • often derog Kentuck n 2a • often derog kike n • derog (MAP) kinky-head n • derog klootchman n • often derog kraut n 2 • derog (MAP) kyoodle n • derog or joc lamb licker n • derog linthead n • derog loco n 1 3 • deroglonghead n 3 • used as a derog epithet lousy adj 2b • Used broadly as a derog

intensive macaroni-smacker n • derog mackerel-snapper n • usu derog (MAP) mammy-dodging adj • used as a derog

intensifier meat hound n • Used as a derog or joc

epithet for a dog Mexican adj B 1 • derog Mexican adj B4 • joc or derog Miss Ann(e) n • often derog Mister Charlie n • often derog mocky n 1 • usu derog moke n • usu derog monkey n1 B8 • derog Mormon buckskin n • joc or derog mountain grill n • derog mountain nigger n • derog mud cat n 3 • joc or derog muskrat n 3 • Used as a derogatory term for

a person nappy adj • sometimes derog narrowback n • derog nation n2 2 • Used as a vaguely derog

epithet nester n • usu derog nigger n 1 B2b • derog nigra n • sometimes derog nitchie n • occas derog ofay n • derog Okie n • often derog (MAP) one-gallus(ed) adj • usu derog

Desert SouthwestIndian rice n 2 • chiefly Desert SW indigo bush n 2 • Desert SW inmortal n • Desert SW Mormon tea n 1 • chiefly Desert SW mutual n • chiefly Rocky Mts, Desert SW

Dow


ctober 2022

11 Dutch

Dictionary of Bahamian English See Bahamian

Dictionary of Canadianisms See Canadian

Dictionary of Jamaican English See Jamaican

Dictionary of Newfoundland English See Newfoundland

Dictionary of the Scottish Language See Scotland

diminutive-ie su ff3 • [By ext from std use as dimin

suff..]Ike n • [Dimin of Isaac]Itie n • [Dimin of Italian]jacal n • dimin jacalito kinlin n • [Prob.im, pronc-sp for -ling, used

as dimin or familiarizing suff] kish exclam • [Prob Du koetje, dimin of koe

cow]kneffli n • [Ger Knopfle.., dimin of Knopf

knob, dumpling..] krapfen n • [sGer dial Krapfen, dimin

Kràpfel]krebbel n • [Ger dial Kràppel, dimin of

Krapfen] (MAP) lark n2 • Also dimins larkie, larky loma n • Also dimin lomita manzanilla n • [Span dimin of manzana

apple]manzanita n • [Span dimin of manzana

apple]minnow n A3 • These forms may be

intended as dimins nappy n 1 • [Scots dial dimin of nap bowl,

basin] (MAP) natchie n • [Pronc-sp for dimin of natural

D ]nibby n 1 • [Prob dimin of nib n1]

ocotillo n • [MexSpan ocotillo.., dimins of ocote]

disparagement (See also depreciatory; derisive; derogation)jag-off n • Used as a general term of

disparagement little old adj phr • Used to express

disparagement, familiarity, or affection lolly gag n C3 • Used as a term of

disparagement

District of Columbia, Washington See Washington, DC

Dutchkermis(s) n • [Du kermis, BelgianFr

kermesse, Ger Kirmes a fair] kill n 1 • esp NY, in Du settlement areas kinick n • [Prob < Du knikker..] kip n • chiefly NJ, NY, esp in Dutch

settlement areas kish exclam • [Prob Du koetje, dimin of koe

cow]kliekies n pi • [Du kliekjes leftovers] klop door n • [..Du klapdeur..] larrup v 1 • [..perh ult < Du larpen to whip] letter n 3 • Dutch settlement areas, esp NJ,

IAlief adj • [Du]long finger n 2 • [Cf Ger lange Finger

machen (or haben), Du lange vingers hebben..]

louk n • [Du luik trapdoor..] lugger n 1 • [..prob infl by Du logger..] mauger adj • [..Dan, Du, Ger, Norw, Sw

mager..]mettwurst n • [Ger mettwurst, Du metworst..]mossbunker n • [Du marsbanker..]oliebollen n pi • Du settlement areasolykoek n • [Du oliekoek oil cake]opa n • [Ger, Du]outset n • [Du uitzet trousseau]

Dow


ctober 2022

Eeast of Mississippi River See Mississippi River, east of

echoic (See also imitative) jarfly n 1 • [Echoic..] (MAP)Jerome n • [Echoic] joe-lee n • [Echoic..] joree n • [Echoic] jo-wheet n • [Echoic] jugarum n • [Echoic] (MAP) june v • [Prob echoic] katydid n B 1 • [Echoic] kicker n3 • [Echoic] killdeer n 1 • [Echoic] (MAP) killing-peter n • [Prob echoic] killy hawk n • [Echoic] kiskadee n • [Echoic..] kotonk n • [Perh echoic..]

educationkiln n • esp freq among speakers with little

formal educ (MAP) know v B3 • esp freq among speakers with

little formal educ learn v B 1 • esp freq among speakers with

gs educ or less (MAP) loam n (prone) • esp freq among speakers

with little formal educ mongrel n (prone) • esp freq among old Infs

and those with little formal educ (MAP) offen prep • chiefly among speakers with

little formal educ okra n (prone) • esp freq among older

speakers and among speakers with little formal educ

ellipsis; ellipticaljust as adv phr • [Prob ellip for just a s ____

as can be or similar constr] leave v B1 • sometimes with ellipsis of infin lief adv • used in phrr..with ellipsis of the

verb..as lie f (or liefer) like adj D2 • in ellip adj phr something like

(it)like v 1 C2 • foil by adv of place, with ellip

of infinlike vbl aux E2a • [..with ellip of was/were

or had..]likeso adv • Also in phr by likeso (ellip for

by doing likeso) lose v B • [Prob ellip for lose blood] need v 3 • Foil by adv of place, with ellipsis

of infinone pron B • Ellip for one or the other

England; English; English Dialect Dictionary; also Britishice candle n • [EDD (at ice sb. 1 (2)) 1736 -*] idiot stick n i b * [Cf EDD idjit sb., nidget

sb.2]iky adj • [..cf EDD ikey adj. “Proud”] illegal adj • [EDD illegal sb. and adj. “A

bastard...Illegitimate”] impudent adj • [Cf EDD imperent “A

corruption of the word ‘impudent’ ” and EDD impident]

in prep B3b • [..EDD in prep. 8, quots 1835, 1877]

in about adv phr • [Cf..EDD in-almost (at in adv. II.2.(2)) “almost”]

in and out adj phr, adv phr • [Cf EDD in and out (at in adv. II.3.(7)(6)) “now and again, intermittently”..]

inching vbl n a • [Cf EDD inchin ’ (at inch v.4)..]

increase of the moon n • [..EDD has 1887 ex at keep v. 3(5)]

infare n • [Scots, Ir, nEngl dial; cf EDD, SND]

inkle n 1 • [EDD inkle sb.2 3 “A notion, hint, suspicion, ‘inkling.’ ”]

inkling n • [Engl, Scots dial; cf EDD inklin(g sb. 1]

inside adv 4 • [EDD inside adv. “in an inner room, in the next room”]

intend v • [..cf also EDD intend v. 1] into prep B 1 • [Scots and Engl dial; cf SND

intae prep. 1; cf EDD into prep. 3] into prep B2 • [Cf EDD into prep. 4] in-ty adv • [..cf EDD in-ty(e) “not I,” used

after a negative assertion] in under prep phr • [Engl dial; prob var of

earlier anunder] invite n • [..EDD]inwards n pi • [..The loss of w..appears to

be widespread in Engl dial (EDD inwards sb. 4).]

Irish n 1 B1 • [..Cf EDD Irish sb.2]Irish daisy n • [EDD 1876] iron bar n • [EDD (at iron sb. 1.(3)) 1886] it pron A1 (prone) • [Scots, nEngl dial] it pron D • [EDD]jabble v • [Prob Scots, Ir, nEngl dial jabble

to agitate..a liquid; cf EDD jabble sb.1 6..] jack n2 2a • [..or from Scots and Engl dial

chack, var of check pattern of differently colored squares]

jack bite n • [Prob folk-etym for Scots, Ir, nEngl dial chack a snack + bite]

Dow


ctober 2022

13 England

jack mosquito n • [Cf Nfld, Engl dial jacky longlegs crane fly]

jackrock n 3 • [Cf EDD jack sb. 30 “a portion of stone in the roof of a mine”..]

jackstone n • [Folk-etym for Engl chackestone (OED at checkstone sb.1)]

jack up v phr 3 • [Cf EDD jack v .1 4 to beat] jag v1 • [Scots, Ir, nEngl dial] jaggle v • [Engl dial; cf EDD] jallus n2 • [Cf EDD gallus (at gallows sb. 4)

“The devil, deuce, used as an exclamation or mild oath”..]

jamb n • [Cf..EDD jamb sb. 4 “A comer made by a projection”]

jamble n • [..but cf EDD jabble sb.1 6 “fig.turmoil, confusion”]

jamb-rock n • [Cf EDD jamb-stone (at jamb sb. 2.(3))..]

Jan van Gent n • [Cf EDD gant sb.3 “The gannet or solon-goose, Sula bassana.”]

jaybird n • [Prob from Engl dial ja y bird.. (cf OED, EDD jay sb.)]

jaybird n 5 • [Cf EDD jay-legged “Small or feeble in the legs”]

jerk n1 B3 • [Cf EDD in two claps o f a lamb’s tail (at lamb sb. 3. (1))]

jerp n • [Cf EDD jirt “A dram or small quantity of drink”]

jewlark v • [Cf gill, jill a girl, sweetheart, and EDD lark v. “To flirt”]

jib n 1 la • [EDD jib sb.2 1] jibble v • [Cf EDD gibbles sb. pi...and jibbly..] jib-job lot n • [..cf EDD jibs “Small, waste

pieces of cloth”] jib-rag n • [Cf EDD jibs “Small, waste

pieces of cloth”] jiffin(g) n • [..EDD “Obs.”] jiggamy n • [EDD jiggamy..] jigger n1 2 • [Cf EDD jigger sb.4..] jigger n 1 4 • [EDD jigger sb.1 1..] jigger v2 • [Cf EDD jiggered exhausted,

tired]jimmy adj • [Engl dial] jimpsecute n • [..cf EDD jimpsey (at jimp

adj.) “neat, smart” + cute..] jing n • [Scots, Engl dial] jism n • [..cf EDD chissom sb. and v...] job n 1, v 1 • [EDD job sb.1 4, v.1 9] jobber n • [..cf Engl dial jobber small spade

{EDD job v.2 2)] jobbernowl n • [EDD jobbernowl sb. 2..] jock n 1 • [EDD jock sb.1 4] join v B2 • [EDD join v. II.2] jollop n • [Cf EDD jollop sb. “A semi-fluid

mess of anything..”] joogle v • [Scots, Engl dial; EDD (at juggle

v.2)..]josh v • [Cf EDD joss v. l..and 4..] joskin n • [Engl dial] jouk v 1 • [Scots, nEngl dial] jounce v • [Cf EDD jounce v. 2..] journey-proud adj 1 • [EDD (at journey sb.

6)]

jow v • [Cf EDD jow v.3 “To talk loud”] jukey adj • [Cf..EDD jouk v.3 “To bow,

bend, make obeisance.”] jump jacket n • [..but cf Engl dial jump a

man’s loose jacket] jump up v phr 1 • [Cf EDD jumped-up do

(at jumped-up ppl. adj. 3)..] jundy v • [Cf EDD jundy v. “Sc. Irel.”

1—2...]junky adj • [Cf EDD junky (at junk sb.1 1)

“thick”..] just adv • cf EDD just adv. kaput adj • [..cf EDD Suppl. go capooch (at

capooch)..] keech cake n • [Cf EDD keech sb.1..] keep v B2 • [..cf SND, EDD] keeping room n • [Cf EDD keeping-room

(at keeping ppl. adj. 2.(4))..] kettle tea n • [Cf EDD kettle-broth (at kettle

sb.1 1.(4))]kewster n • [Cf obs Engl coistrel, custrel a

knight’s page..] kibby n2 • [Cf EDD kib sb.1..] kicky adj • [Cf EDD kickish (at kick v.1 6)

“irritable”] kilgubbin n • [Cf EDD gobbin sb.1.. and

gubbin(g)s..] killick n • [..killick is also reported from

Dorset, England...] kindly adv • [Cf EDD kindly adv. 9..] king’s ex exclam, n • [Cf EDD king’s,..(at

king sb. 10, 1 ...kings and crosses are common truce terms in ceEngl..] (MAP and Map Section)

kipe v • [..cf EDD kip v. 4..] (MAP) kipper adj • [EDD kipper adj. 1..] (MAP) kiss-me-quick n 1 • [Cf EDD..] kitchen n2 • [Perh < Scots, Engl, Ir dial

kinch..]kitchen n2 1 • [Cf EDD kinch sb.1 1..] knabbler n • [EDD nabbler (at nabble v.2)..] knead v • [..Engl dial; cf EDD kned, ned (at

knead v. 1.2(3), 3(4), (8))] knee baby n • [Cf..EDD knee-bairn] knit v 1 • [EDD (at knit v. 1.2)] knit v 2 • [EDD (at knit v. 1.3)] know v B4b • [Cf EDD kneawn, knew (at

know v. 3.(6), (7))] knuck n1 2a • [Cf EDD knuck sb.1 2..and

nags (at nag sb.5 3(2))..] (MAP) knuck n 1 2b • [Cf..EDD nag sb.5 10..] knuckle n 3 • [Cf EDD knuckle sb. 4..] knuckle v b • [EDD (at knuckle v. 8)] knuckler n • [EDD knuckler (at knuckle sb.

V)]knurl n • [Cf EDD knurly (at knurl sb.

2(2))..]lab one’s mouth v phr • [Cf EDD lab v.3..] lace v 2 • [Cf EDD lace v.2 “To go along at

great speed”] lad n • [Cf EDD lad-bairn, lad-lass (at lad

sb.1 1)]ladder n • [..EDD lather (at ladder sb. 1.(6))]

Dow


ctober 2022

England 14

laden n 1 • [..cf EDD lade v.1 2.(7),(9)] ladies’ grass n • [EDD 1837 ~+] lady’s-nightcap n • [EDD 1825 -►] lag v1 • [Appar Brit dial; cf ..EDD lag sb.3,

laggy adj. 2, sb. 4] lag n 1 lb • [Cf EDD lag sb.3 “A game of

marbles”]lag v1 lb • [Cf EDD lig up (at lag sb.3)] laggy adj • [Engl dial; cf EDD laggy 1..] lam v 2 • [Cf EDD lam v. 4 “To run

quickly”]lamb’s leg n • [Engl dial; cf EDD [lam bj’s-

leg, lambs’-legs (at lamb 1.(13)) nasal excrement]

lamb’s tongue n 2 • [EDD 1886] lamb’s tongue n 4 • [EDD 1879 -►] lame n • [Cf EDD lame sb.1 5 “A hurt,

injury”..]lamming adj • [Cf EDD lamming (2) (at lam

1) “huge, great, violent”..] lamper eel n 1 • [Engl dial] lamplighter n2 • [Cf EDD (at lamp sb.1

1.(2))..]lander n1 • [EDD lander sb. “A heavy blow”] land-horse n • [Engl, Scots dial; cf EDD (at

land sb.1 1.(24))..] lap n • [..cf EDD lap sb.3 2 “The lopped-off

branches of trees”] lap v2 • [..cf EDD lap v.4 “To lop off

branches of trees”] lap v3 • [EDD lap v.3 1 “To flog, beat.”..] lap-love n • [EDD 1796] lapsided adj • [..cf also EDD lapsided, SND

lab-sided (at lab- adj.)] lark n2 • [EDD lark sb.2 3 “A wild fellow, a

‘rattlepate.’ ”] larricky adj • [Cf EDD larruping ppl. adj.

(2) (at larrup v. 2) “ungainly, thin, tall”] larrup v 2 • [Cf EDD larrup v. 2 “To walk

in a heavy, shambling manner”] larrup v 3 • [Cf EDD lerrup(s “A lazy,

slovenly fellow; a slut...Hence lirripy, adj. slouching”]

larruping adj 1 • [..cf EDD larruping (2) (at larrup v. 1)] (MAP)

lashings n pi • [Engl dial; cf EDD lashin(g)s and lavins (at lashing 1)]

lasty adj • [nEngl, Scots dial; cf EDD lasty..]

lattermath n • [..EDD (at latter adj. (8))] laugh n, v A (prone) • Proncs of both the

types [laef] and [laf] have been current in std Brit Engl since at least the 18th cent,

laugh v C l • [Cf..EDD laugh v. II. 1.(5)] laugh v C2 • [Cf EDD laugh all over the

face (at laugh v. II. 1.(3))] launch v1 • [Cf EDD lanch, lonch, etc. (at

launch v. and sb.)..] lavins n pi • [..cf EDD leavin(g sb., lashin(g

sb. 1]Lawrence n • [Cf EDD lawrence sb. 2

“idleness personified; laziness, indolence”] lay in v phr 1 • [Scots, Engl dial]

lay one’s tongue to v phr • [Scots, Engl dial]

layover(s) to catch meddlers n • [..EDD lay-overs (varr include lare-overs, layers, layo(r)s, leeoze)..] (MAP)

lay up v phr 7 • [Cf EDD lay up..and lig up (at lag sb.3)]

lazybed n • [..EDD lazy-bed (at lazy adj. 1.(4))]

lazy jack n • [Cf EDD lazy-back (at lazy1.(I)(c)) a hangnail]

leader n 2 • [Cf EDD leader sb. 4 “An artery”]

leak n • [Cf EDD leak sb. 3] leak v • [Scots, nEngl dial] leary adj • [Cf EDD leary “half-witted” (at

lear adj.1 1.(3))] leather-winged bat n • [Cf EDD leather(-

winged) bat (at leather sb. 1.(2), 1.(22))..] (MAP)

lend the loan of v phr • [EDD lend the loan o f (at loan sb.1 1.(2))]

lennegy adj • [Prob var of EDD lennucky (at lennock adj.) “ 1. Limp...2. Pliant...3...long, slender.”]

lerrupy n • [Prob EDD lerrup sb. 3 “pi. Scraps of meat, liver, &c., sold by butchers. Cor[nwall]”]

lessen conj1 • [Cf EDD (at less conj.1 2)..] lessen prep • [EDD less conj.1 and prep. 3] let v B2 • [Cf EDD l e t \ . x II.2] letter n 1 • [Scots, Engl dial] library n B 1 • [Engl dial] lick-pot n • [..EDD (at lick v. 1.(8))] lift n 1 • [Scots, nEngl dial] lift v 3 • [Scots, nEngl dial] like v 1 C l • [EDD like v.2 4 “To take a liking

to a place or situation”] like vbl aux E2b • [Cf EDD (at like adj.

4.(7)(a), v .1 18)..] liken vbl aux • [EDD liken v. 2] limb of Satan n • [..cf EDD limb sb. 2, 8] lion’s-mouth n 2 • [EDD 1878-86] lippin v • [Scots, nEngl dial lippen] listener n • [Cf EDD listener an ear] little Jack n • [Cf EDD little Dick] little Sally Walker n • [..EDD (at Sally sb.1

2.(6)) shows Sally Walker to be the dominant form in Scotl as well as nEngl.] (MAP)

little Sally Water(s) n • [EDD “Sally Water(s, Warty, or Walker, children’s singing games” (at sally sb.1 2.(6))] (MAP)

liver-pin n • [Cf EDD liver-pin “a pin jocularly supposed to secure the liver”]

loaden v • [..see also EDD, SND] loady adj • [Cf EDD loady “top-heavy,

loaded,”..] loaf bread n • [Scots, Engl dial] (MAP) loam n • [..see also EDD loomy (at loamy

adj.1)]lob n • [EDD lob sb.1 1 “A lump; a large

amount; a wide extent or surface.”]

Dow


ctober 2022

15 England

lobber v • [nEngl, Scots dial lopper, tapper..] (MAP and Map Section)

loblolly n 3 • [Cf EDD loblolly sb. 2 “A stout, well-developed child.”]

lobscouse n 1 • [..EDD] lobster n A • [..cf SND, EDD lapster..] lock-eye n • [Cf EDD lock v.1 5 “To

shut...Lock up your eyes”] lodge v • [..EDD] loft adj • [Var of loath; cf EDD] loggerhead n 1 • [..EDD] logy adj 1 • [Cf EDD louggy, loogy.. and

loggy adj. 2..(Hampshire and Isle of Wight)] (MAP)

lolly n • [Cf EDD lolly sb.3 “Obs...Broth, soup, or other food boiled in a pot.”]

lompus adj • [Cf EDD lompus (at lumpus) heavily, headlong, in a lump; a heavy fall]

lone n • [Scots, Engl dial;..EDD lone sb.2 5;SND lane adj. 2]

lone woman n • [EDD lone woman (at lone adj. 3.(2))..]

loney v • [Cf EDD loney “A cry made to a child to encourage it in its first attempts to walk alone”..]

long adj B3a • [..see also EDD (at long adj.5)..]

long v B1 • [..EDD long v.2]long east and a short west n • [Cf EDD

longer east, shorter west (at long adj. 3.(8))..]

long finger n 1 • [..EDD (at long adj.1.(50))]

long-fingered adj • [EDD (at long adj.1.(51)) 1842..] (MAP)

longful adj • [..see also EDD] longheaded adj 1 • [..cf also EDD (at long

adj. 1.(64))..] long home n • [..EDD (at long adj. 1.(66))] longman n • [..EDD (at long adj. 1.(105))] longnose n 1 • [Cf EDD long neb., (at long

adj. 1.(110),(111))] long oat n • [See EDD to give a horse long

corn (or oats)..(at long adj. 1.(113))] long pasture n • [EDD (at long adj.

1.(117))..]longsome adj • [..perh infl by arch or Brit

dial longsome long, tedious] long taw n • [EDD long tawl (at long adj.

1.(157))]long tongue n 1 • [..cf also EDD (at long

adj. l.(164)(a),(165))] long tongue n 2 • [EDD (at long adj.

l.(164)(b))] lookers n pi 1 • [Cf EDD looker sb. 1 “An

eye.”]lop v2 • [Cf EDD lap v.3 1 “To flog, beat”] lope v 1 • [Scots, Engl dial var of Scots loup,

lowp to leap] loplolly adj • [Cf EDD lop-lolly (at loblolly

sb. 1)..]loppus n • [Cf EDD loppus a lazy fellow (at

lop v2 1.(3))]

lose v A1 • [Scots, Ir, nEngl dial loss, swEngl dial lost]

losset n • [Obs Ir, nEngl dial < Ir losad kneading-trough]

louk n • [..cf also EDD lout v.2 1 “To stoop”]

lounce out v phr • [..cf EDD lowance v...] louse around v phr • [Cf Scots, nEngl dial

lowse to stop working] love-lies-bleeding n 2 • [EDD 1882] love-me n 1 • [EDD 1876] love-pain n • [Engl dial; cf EDD] lozenger n • [Scots, Engl dial varr of

lozenge]luggish adj • [Cf EDD luggish “Dull, heavy,

stupid”] lummox n • [Engl dial] (MAP) lumping adj • [EDD lumping ppl. adj. 1

“Large and clumsy; heavy”] lumpus adv • [Engl dial; cf EDD] lumpus n • [Cf EDD lumpus “A heavily-

built, rough, clumsy person”] lurgy n • [EDD lurgy, also lurgy- fever..“Idleness, laziness”]

lurky n • [EDD lerky “A noisy game, played with any old tin”]

lusty adj 1 • [Scots, Engl dial] mackly adj • [..cf EDD mackled “spotted”] make v 1 A • [The prone s [mak, mek] are

common in nEngl, Scots dial.] make v1 D12 • [..cf SND spune, EDD spoon] make of v phr • [Scots, nEngl dial] make out v phr 3 • [..but cf also EDD make

v.1 II.(15)(a)] malahack v • [EDD malahack] mammock n • [..EDD] mammock v • [..EDD] man n C2 • [..common in Scots and Engl

dial..]mang n • [..cf EDD mang..mung sb. 3..] manner n 3a • [EDD to leave some manners

in the dish, manners-bit (at manner sb.1 1.(6), 2)] (MAP)

marching around the levee n • [..The commonest Brit version begins “Round and round the village,”..]

mardling n • [EDD (at mardle sb.2)] marlberry n • [Perh marl Brit var of

marble..] marsh bird n • [EDD 1830 -+] marvel nl • [Engl, Scots dial] mast n 1 • [..both mask and mass are attested

in Engl dial] master adj • [EDD master adj. 16] master adv • [EDD master adv. 17] may v B • [..EDD can v. II. 1] mayflower n 1 6 • [EDD 1877 -+]May water n • [EDD May-dew, May-water

(at May sb.1 1.(12), (36))..] meal of victuals n • [EDD m eal’s victuals

(at meal sb.' 1.(4))] measuring worm n • [..EDD measuring bug

“A caterpillar”] (MAP)

Dow


ctober 2022

England 16

meat n 3 • [Cf EDD meat sb. 4..] meddle v 1 • [Scots, nEngl dial; cf EDD

meddle v. 3, SND middle v. 1] meg n 1 • [Cf EDD meg, meggy (at mag

sb.2)..]mellow v • [Prob EDD mell v.1 “To

hammer..to beat severely”..] mend v 2 • [Cf EDD mend v. 8 “To grow

stout.”]mess n 5 • [Cf EDD mess sb.2 4 “Ordure..”] Methodist ax n • [Cf EDD methody-

hammer..] might n • [EDD might sb. 1] milkmaids n • [In England applied to

Cardamine pratensis as well as other plants; see OED, EDD]

milkmaid’s path n • [EDD (at milk sb.1.(25)) “the milky way”]

mill n1 3 • [Cf EDD mill sb.1 5..] ming-mang n • [Cf EDD ming-mang

“disorder,” ming “mixture”] minnow n A3 • [..EDD minnie sb.2] minnow n A5 • [..EDD mennem, mention..] minnow-fole n • [Cf EDD foie (at foal

sb.2)..] misery n • [Engl dial]mixy-maxy adj • [Scots, Engl dial; cf EDD,

OED (at mixty-maxty)] moky adj • [EDD moke sb.3 1..] molly-hugging vbl n • [Prob by analogy

with mollycoddle and similar constr in EDD..]

money n 1 • [EDD money sb. 5..] money grass n • [EDD 1881] money plant n 1 • [EDD 1848 -►] morphodite n • [..EDD morfreydite] mostly adv • [Scots, Engl dial] mother bunch n • [..cf EDD bunch sb.1 7..] mother’s heart n • [EDD 1853 -►..] motte n • [..cf EDD moat sb.] (MAP) mould n • [..EDD mole sb.2] mourn v 1 • [Cf EDD mourn v. 1..] much adj 2 • [EDD much adj. 2] much v • [Engl dial]much-what adv • [EDD much adv. 4.(7)] muck n 1 3 • [Cf EDD muck sb. 6] muck n 1 4 • [EDD muck sb. 7] muckle v 2 • [EDD muckle v.1 3] muckle v 3 • [Cf EDD muck v. 17 (with

about)..]muckle-dun adj • [Cf EDD muckle sb. 1..] mud-fat adj • [Engl dial; cf EDD mud-fat

(at mud sb.1 3)..] mudge n • [Perh Scots, Engl dial mudge a

movement, stir] muffle-jawed adj 2 • [EDD muffle sb. 2..] muggled up adj phr • [Cf EDD muggle v .1

I-]muley adj, n2 • [EDD moiley..] muley n2 C3a • [Cf EDD moiley sb. 2..]. mull adj, n 1 • [..EDD moil sb.1 “A cow

without horns”..] mummer n 1 • [Engl dial]

mung you (all) pron • [..cf Suffolk dial you mong she (EDD at mongs)]

murgens n • [Cf..EDD mirge sb...] mush n2 • [..cf nEngl dial muss [mus] the

mouth]mussel duck n • [EDD 1862 -►] must vbl aux 1 • [Cf EDD must v.3 “3.

May...4. Shall.”] muster v • [Cf EDD muster sb.1 4 “A

litter.”]mutton-tops n • [EDD 1848] mux n 1 • [Perh transf from swEngl dial mux,

mucks mud, mire..] mux v • [Engl dial..]muxy adj • [Transf from swEngl dial muxy,

mucksy muddy, miry..] myself pron • [Cf EDD m yself “Also in form

meselflY.”..] nag v • [..Cf also EDD gnag v. 1] nairn pron • [Engl dial narn, n e ’ern, nern,

contrs of n e ’er (a) one (see EDD never a one)]

nary adj • [Engl, Ir dial forms of never a (EDD at never a, never a one)..]

near cut n • [nEngl, Scots dial; cf EDD] neb n 3 • [Engl dial; cf EDD] neb v • [..cf EDD neb sb., and v. 16..] needcessity n • [Brit, esp Scots, folk-etym

for necessity] neighbor v • [Brit dial] nervish adj • [Engl, Scots, Ir dial; cf EDD] nesh adj • [Engl, Scots dial; cf EDD nesli

adj]nessy n • [..but cf EDD nessy a privy] new-milch adj • [Cf EDD new-melched cow

(at new 4.(7))..] (MAP) newsy adj • [EDD newsy (at news sb. 2)..] nicker n1, v • [Scots, Ir, nEngl dial] (MAP

and Map Section) nicket n • [Cf EDD nippet “A small

quantity”] niff n • [EDD niff sb.1 1..] niff-naff n • [Cf Scots, nEngl dial niff-naff a

trifling or unimportant thing] nigger n2 • [..cf EDD nigger sb.1] nimshi n • [EDD nimshie “A flighty girl”] ninny n 1 • [EDD ninny v.2 to whinny, sb.2 a

whinny]noculate v • [..cf EDD, with one ex from

sEngl]noggin n 3 • [Cf EDD nog sb.1 1 “A small

log, or rough block of wood”] noggle n 1 • [Cf EDD noggle-head (at

noggle v.) a blockhead] noodle v1 • [..cf Scots, nEngl dial guddle..] noration n • [..cf EDD oration..n-oration..] notion n 1 • [nEngl, Scots dial..] notionable adj • [Cf EDD notionable

“Having a fancy or inclination to a thing”] nubbie n • [EDD nobby sb.2 “Dev. Cor...A

small cake or bun”] null v2 • [Cf EDD nool v. 2 “To benumb, to

allay or assuage pain.”]

Dow


ctober 2022

17 euphemism

numb adj • [EDD num(b adj. 1 “Clumsy; stupid; dull, heavy, insensible”; numb-head (at numb adj. 2.(5)); numby sb. “A dolt.”]

numpy n • [Cf EDD numps “A dolt, a fool”] oats, peas(e), beans, and barley grow(s)

n • [EDD oats and beans and barley (at oat sb. 1.(20))]

obfusticated adj • [..EDD 1888] oceans n pi • [Engl dial] (MAP) odd-come-short n • [Cf EDD odd-come-

short-lies.. odd-come-shorts.. ] of prep C4 • [..may be from Scots, nlr dial;

cf ..EDD o f prep. 14] (MAP) offen prep • [Chiefly Scots, nEngl dial; see

SND affin, EDD <#prep. 2.(14)] off-fall n 1 • [Cf EDD off-fall (at o ff adv.

1.(6)).., off-falling (at off adv. l.(8)(b))..] old-man’s-beard n 4 • [EDD 1886 ->] old woman is picking her geese, the

phr • [..EDD (at old adj. 1.154.d)] on prep B2a • [Cf EDD on prep. II.2] on prep B2b • [Cf EDD on prep. II.2] on prep B2c • [Cf EDD on prep. II.3] on prep B3a • [Cf EDD on prep. 11.10, SND

w aits. I.B.l.(3)(i)] (MAP and Map Section)

on prep B5 • [..EDD on prep. II.6 1806 -►] on prep B6 • [Cf EDD on prep. II.7] once adv B • [..but cf EDD] ooch v1 • [EDD hootch v. “[utj.] To crouch,

sit huddled up.”] oods n pi • [Cf EDD odds sb.5] oonch v • [Cf EDD hunch v.1 “[unJ.]..To

push..”]open adj B2 • [Cf EDD open adj. 4..] orphan n • [..EDD orflin..] ought v C la • [Cf EDD ought v. II. 1] ought v C lb • [Cf EDD ought v. II. 1] ought v C2c • [Cf EDD ought v. II. 1] out adv B8 • [Scots, Engl dial; cf SND out

adv. II.4, EDD out adv. 13] out n FI • [Engl dial] out n F2a • [Engl dial] (MAP) outen prep 1 • [Scots, nEngl dial..] overplush n • [..EDD 1838 ->]

erroneousIndiana dye n • [Perh erron for Indian dye] Indian posy n 2 • also, perh erron, Indian

nosylaxed ppl adj • [..perh erron for prolapsed or

aphet form of relaxed]

euphemism; euphemistic; euphemistically; also minced form; minced oath; minced, phrase

i prep • [By reduction of by in exclam phrr by God, by Jesus and varr (often with minced forms)..]

i prep • Used in var exclam phrr, usu with a euphem for God or Jesus

ill adj 2 • euphem jabees intj • [Euphem for Jesus..]

Jacks, by intj • [Euphems for by Jesus] jaw ’s harp n • [Prob euphem or folk-etym

for Jew ’s harp] jaybird intj • [Euphem for Jesus] ieekers inti • [Prob euphem for Jesus

( Christ)]Jeems intj • [Euphems for Jesus..] jeepers intj • [Euphems for Jesus (Christ)] jeez intj • [Euphems for Jesus] (MAP) jeezum crow intj • [Euphems for Jesus

Christ]jeezy-peezy intj • [Redup euphem for Jesus

(Christ)]Jehoshaphat n • [The Biblical name used

as a euphem for Jesus]Jemima n • [The Biblical name used as a

euphem for Jesus] jerps, by intj • [Prob euphem for by Jesus] Jerusalem n • [The Biblical name used as a

euphem for Jesus]Jerush(e)y intj • [Pronc-spp for the Biblical

name Jerusha used as euphems for Jesus..] jiggers n2 • [Euphem for Jesus] jiminy n • [..perh also infl by Jesus, as in

many other minced oaths] jiminy n b • [Euphems for Jesus Christ] jingo n • [Perh euphem for Jesus..]John Brown v phr • used as a euphem for

damnjokey adj • freq used euphem of a

feebleminded person Jordan n B • [Euphem for Jesus]Joses n • [Minced form of Jesus..] juckers n • [Prob euphem for Jesus]Judas n • [Minced form of Jesus] (MAP) kick n 2 • euphem kitty n 3 • euphem (MAP) lady’s monthly journal n • joc, euphem land n • [Orig euphem for Lord..] landy n • [Euphem for Lordy; cf land] lawsy n, intj • rarely in other formulaic phrr

as a euphem for Lord lay away v phr • euphem lie down v phr 1 • [..appar euphem for go to

bed..] (MAP) litter n 1 • euphem (MAP) little house n 1 • euphem little sister n • euphem little Willie n • euphem Lord n1 B 1 • also minced phrr Lawk ’a ’

mercy, Lawsy mercy, Lordy mercy and varr Lucy Bowles n • joc, euphem (MAP) male adj • euphem (MAP) mammy-dodging adj • euphem man n C6 • euphem marble orchard n • joc or euphem mark v1 2 • used..euphemistically, to

castrate (MAP)Mary Jane n 2 • euphem minnie n5 • euphemmischief n B • freq used euphemistically in

exclamsnation n2 • [Euphem abbr, prob for damnation]

Dow


ctober 2022

excrescent 18

Nell’s bells exclam • euphem nighthawk n 6 • [Prob euphem for night

glass or varr] office n 2 • euphem old man n 4 • euphem ox n B 1 • euphem

excrescentorphan n • [..The appar excrescent / of

orfling, etc, may represent a survival of orphelin (OED ->T652, EDD orf’lin).]

eye-dialectIndian bouquet n • Eye-dial sp Indian

bokayJune rise n • Eye-dial sp Joone rise listen v • Eye-dial lisen, liss(e)n money light n • Eye-dial sp munny lite of prep • eye-dial sp uv onto prep • eye-dial ontu

Dow


ctober 2022

Ffacetious; facetiously

I-all pron • [Facetious extension of I by analogy with we-all, you-all]

lawyer n (prone) • also (often facetiously) I'laij3(r)l

familiarity; familiarizingkinlin n • [Prob.im, pronc-sp for -ling, used

as dimin or familiarizing suff ] little old adj phr • Used to express

disparagement, familiarity, or affection

female See women

FloridaIndian pullet n • chiefly FL, GA, SC inkwood n 1 • FLironhead n 2 • FL, GA, esp Okefenokee GA jook n 2 • orig FL, later chiefly Gulf States,

S Atl (MAP) jook n 3 • esp FL, GA jook v3 • chiefly S Atl, esp FL killing-peter n • esp FL K oil n • FL, sGA ladyfish n • esp FL long white n • esp FL Madeira n • FL mangrove snapper n • FL manzana apple n • FL million-dollar weed n • FL Moses-in-the-bulrushes n 1 • chiefly FL mourning dove n 2 • chiefly AL, FL muck n 1 lb • esp FL, GA nakedwood n • FL oil weed n 2 • FL old maid n 2 • esp FL orange borer n • chiefly FL orange dog n 1 • esp FL

folk-etymological; folk-etymologyice potato n • [Pronc-sp for Irish potato..,

perh infl by folk-etym] impetigo n (prone) • also, by folk-etym,

l.infan'taigo, 'inf3n,taigo, en-l iron glass n • [Folk-etym for isinglass] ivory n2 • [Folk-etym for ivy] (MAP) jack n2 1 • [Folk-etym for Scots chack (SND

at chuck n2)] jack bite n • [Prob folk-etym for Scots, Ir,

nEngl dial chack a snack + bite] jackstone n • [Folk-etym for Engl

chackestone (OED at checkstone sb.1)] jalousie n • [..the form jealousy..is either a

caique or folk-etym]

jaw ’s harp n • [Prob euphem or folk-etym for Jew ’s harp]

Jerusalem artichoke n • [..ult folk-etym for Ital girasole]

jim work n • [Prob folk-etym for gin work..]

John Canoe n • [Folk-etym from W Afr source..]

jomo n • by folk-etym Joe Moore journeycake n • [Prob folk-etym for

johnnycake]June bird n1 • [..uppercase J in June is prob

by folk-etym] kettlepot n • [Folk-etym; cf skillpot] killpot n • [Folk-etym..] king’s cure-all n 1 • also, by folk-etym, king

coal-oilkit n 2c • [..var kittle and biling is prob by

folk-etym] kittly-bender n • by folk-etym, kidney-

benderkitty-corner adv, adj • [Prob folk-etym..] lackadaisical adj • also, perh by folk-etym,

lackadaisy ladies’-streamer n • [Folk-etym for

Lagerstroemia] laggerstreamer n • [Folk-etym for

Lagerstroemia] lagoonberry n • [Folk-etym for nagoon-

berry]land-baist v • [Folk-etym for lambaste] larder beetle n • [Folk-etym for the species

name lardarius, literally “of bacon”] lasso trade n • [Folk-etym for last-go-

trade]lattwaerrick n • by folk-etym, latticework

jamlava bowl n • [Folk-etym for lavabo] lavatory n • Pronc-spp labatory and (perh

infl by folk-etym) laboratory leapfrog milk n • [Folk-etym for

Liebfraumilch] leather bush n 2 • [Prob folk-etym for

latherbush] leavesdrop v • [Folk-etym for eavesdrop] leave trough n • [Prob folk-etym for eave

trough (at eaves trough)] libel n, v • folk-etym sp lie-bill life elastic n • [Folk-etym] live devil aspirin n • [Folk-etym] liverwish n • [Folk-etym or pronc-sp for

liverwurst] liverworth n • [Folk-etyms] loafer n • [Folk-etyms for Span lobo wolf]

Dow


ctober 2022

folk-name 20

lord god n 1 • [Prob folk-etym varr of logcock] (MAP)

lowbelia n • [Folk-etym..] low-bred adj, n • [Folk-etym, by analogy

with high-bred] low-gear n • [Folk-etym, by analogy with

high-gear]-ma- infix • and, appar by folk-etym, -ray- mad ax n • [Folk-etym for mattocks] maggot-fish n • [Appar folk-etym for

margate fish] mange grass n • [Perh folk-etym for Means

grass]mangrow n • [Prob folk-etym for mangle

n 1..]marbleberry n • [Prob by folk-etym] margaret grunt n • [Appar folk-etym for

margate fish..] marketfish n • [Folk-etym for margate fish] markweed n • [Prob folk-etym for

mercury] mecate n • by folk-etym, McCart(h)y median (strip) n lc • [Perh by folk-etym]

(MAP)meet-up n • [Prob folk-etym for netop] midnight wife n • [Perh by folk-etym from

midwife]miss stays v phr • Also, perh by folk-etym,

misstaymoaners’ bench n • [Pronc-sp or folk-etym

for mourners’ bench..] molly n1 2 • [Var of or folk-etym for muley

adj, n2]more hair n • [Folk-etym for mohair..] mow n ’ • Also, by folk-etym, mound, mown mow v • Also, by folk-etym, mound, mown

(MAP)mud lark n 2 • [Prob folk-etym for

medlark]mutton corn n • [Perh folk-etym form of

Scots mauten..] nametake n • [Perh folk-etym] needcessity n • [Brit, esp Scots, folk-etym

for necessity] net-fly n • [Folk-etym for gnat-fly] neutral n • [Folk-etym] never-sweat n2 • [Folk-etym for avocet] nigger n2 • [Folk-etyms for niggard(ly)..] nux vomica n • by folk-etym, nox vomit, ox

vomitold-timer’s disease n • [Folk-etym for

Alzheimer’s disease]Ole Ole Olson all in free exclam • [Prob

folk-etym for all-ee all-ee out(s) in free](MAP)

original n • [Prob folk-etyms for ridgel..] overhauls n pi • [Folk-etym for overalls] overplush n • [Folk-etym for overplus n..] oxeye n la • folk-etym sp oxide oyster sale n • [Folk-etym for hoist the sail

(at hoist the (green) sail)]

folk-namejaybird n • [..this folk-name is prob

considerably older..]

French (See also French, Belgian; French, Canadian; French, Louisiana)

inconnu n • [Fr, literally “unknown”..] islet n 2 • [Fr îlet little island, block of

buildings]jalousie n • [Fr jalousie jealousy, fig: a blind

or shutter that ensures privacy..] kazeetch kazotch adj phr • [Cf Fr comme ci

comme ça] keskydee n • [Var of Fr Qu ’est-ce qu ’il

dit?..]la grippe n • [Fr “the grippe”] larb n • [Perh < Fr l ’herbe] latanier n • [Fr latanier, ult of Carib origin] laury mundy n • [Varr of LaFr laurier

(a)mande..< Fr laurier-amandier..] levee n 1 • [Fr levée]long chair n • [..cf also OEDS long chair (at

long a .1 18) a chaise longue < Fr, literally “long chair”]

lost bread n • [Calque of Fr pain perdu] loup-garou n • [Fr]lucivee n • [Pronc-spp for Fr loup-cervier..]lush n • [CanFr loche < Fr loche loach]mais conj • [Fr “but”]make v1 Cl 8 • [Calque of Fr faire]manglier n • [Fr “mangrove”]marais n • [Fr]Mardi Gras n • [Fr, literally “fat Tuesday”] maringouin n • [Fr < Tupi-Guarani

marigoui mosquito] me pron 5 • [Calque of Fr constr]Melungeon n • [Perh based on Fr mélange

mixture, crossing of races] mémère n • Fr settlement areas, esp sLA metis n • [Fr métis mongrel, half-breed..] minnie n3 • [Fr minet kitten] mirliton n • [LaFr mirliton, merliton < Fr

mirliton kazoo, shako] morel n 1 • [..but in Louisiana perh an

independent borrowing from Fr morille] motte n • [Prob ult Fr motte..] (MAP) mucket n2 • [Cf Fr moquette a decoy bird] mush v2 • [Var of Fr imperative Marche..] nigger n1 • [nigger < earlier neger < Fr

nègre < Span, Port negro..] outarde n • [LaFr < Fr outarde bustard]

French, Belgiankermis(s) n • [Du kermis, BelgianFr

kermesse, Ger Kirmes a fair]

French, Canadianlush n • [CanFr loche < Fr loche loach] mal de raquette n • [CanFr, literally

“snowshoe sickness”..]

French, Louisianajambalaya n • [LaFr] joritte n • [Prob LaFr varr of joree n 1] king eveque n • [..LaFr évêque] laury mundy n • [Varr of LaFr laurier

(a)mande..< Fr laurier-amandier..] mangeur maringouin n • [LaFr “mosquito-

eater”]

Dow


ctober 2022

21 Fula

mangeur poulette n • [LaFr “chicken-eater”] maque chou(x) n • [LaFr; perh of Amlnd

origin]mirliton n • [LaFr mirliton, merliton < Fr

mirliton kazoo, shako] nenaine n • [LaFr]nuncle n • [..the resps of the Louisiana

DARE Infs may instead be from LaFr noncle.]

outarde n • [LaFr < Fr outarde bustard]

frequentativemellow v • [Prob EDD mell v.'..+ -er

frequentative..] mushle v • [mush + frequentative -le..] noodle v1 • [..cf Scots, nEngl dial guddle,

and similar frequentative forms canoodle, doodle, grabble]

Fulamojo n • [..cf..Fula moco’o medicine man]

Dow


ctober 2022

GGaelic

killick n • [Appar of Gaelic origin..]

GeorgiaIndian pullet n • chiefly FL, GA, SC ironhead n 2 • FL, GA, esp Okefenokee GA joggling board n • chiefly SC, GA jook n 3 • esp FL, GA ki intj • esp sSC, GA coast K oil n • FL, sGA Lane cake n • Sth, esp AL, GA lie out v phr 2 • Sth, S Midi, esp sAppala-

chians, GA, SC (MAP) little adj, n, v • sSC, GA coasts liver mush n • NC, SC, GA, TN locus preacher n • SC, GA loggerhead n 10 • esp GA Louisiana pink worm n • chiefly GA magofer n • esp GA make v 1 D ll • esp GA, NC mamma n 1 2 • GA, SC me adj a • sSC, GA coasts mellow bug n • esp GA, AL muck n1 lb • esp FL, GA mull n2 • esp GAnest onion n • chiefly Sth, esp GA no-manners adj • sSC, GA coasts null n, v1 • esp GA out v C3 • chiefly eSC, eGA (MAP) owl, poor as an adj phr • GA

Georgia, Okefenokeeironhead n 2 • FL, GA, esp Okefenokee GA neverwet n • esp Okefenokee GA

German (See also German, Pennsylvania; German, Swiss)jellybread n • [By analogy with Ger

Butterbrot bread and butter] joe buckety geiss n • [Cf..Ger Geiss goat] June bug n • [..cf Ger Maikäfer “May

chafer” for cockchafer..] kaput adj • [Ger kaputt..] katzenjammer n • [Ger] keekling n • [Cf Ger Küchlein..] kermis(s) n • [Du kermis, BelgianFr

kermesse, Ger Kirmes a fair]Kilby n • [SwissGer..dial varr of Ger

Kirchweih] kimmelweck n • [Ger Kümmel caraway +

Week roll] kinick n • [Prob <..Ger Knicker..] kitsie n • [Cf Ger Kitz..] klatch n • [Ger Klatsch gossip] (MAP) klop door n • [Ger Klapptür..]

klutz n • [Yiddish, cognate with Ger Klotz..] knackwurst n • esp in Ger and Jewish

settlement areas knawel n • [..< Ger Knäuel, literally “knot,

tangle”]kneffli n • Ger settlement areas knip n • [..< Ger knipsen, dial knippen to

snip]kotz v • Ger and PaGer settlement areas kram n • [Ger kram rubbish, junk..] kram v • [Ger kramen..] krapfen n • Ger settlement areas kraut n • [Ger Kraut] krebbel n • [Ger dial Krüppel, dimin of

Krapfen] (MAP) krex v • esp in Ger, PaGer, and Jewish

settlement areas kringle n • [..cognate terms are found in all

Scan languages and Ger..]Kris(s) Kringle n • [Ger Christkindlein] kuchen n • Ger settlement areas, esp N

Cent, PA (MAP) land rain n • [Caique of Ger Landregen

(PaGer landrejje, landregge) a steady rain] lattwaerrick n • [PaGer < Ger Latwerge

electuary] laugh n B2 • [Cf PaGer lache to laugh,

whinny < Ger lachen to laugh] leave v B1 • [..some quots are doubtless infl

by Ger use] leaven v • [leave, prob infl by Ger lassen to

let, leave]leave out v phr 2 • chiefly Ger settlement

areas, esp PA lebkuchen n • esp in Ger settlement areas let v C • chiefly Ger settlement areas, esp

sePAlittle n C2 • Ger settlement areas, esp PA, WI liver sausage n • [Caique of Ger Leber-

wurst] (MAP) liverwurst n • [Partial caique of Ger

Leberwurst] (MAP) loan v B • chiefly Ger settlement areas lock open v phr • [Caique of PaGer

uffschliesse, Ger aufschliessen] long already adv phr • Ger settlement areas long finger n 2 • [Cf Ger lange Finger

machen (or haben), Du lange vingers hebben..]

long-fingered adj • [..Ger langfingerig thievish] (MAP)

longsome adj • [Prob caique of Ger langsam slow..]

look a little out v phr • [Infl by Ger pass ein bisschen auf.]

Dow


ctober 2022

23 Great Lakes

lorchel n • [Ger Lorchel]Lute n2 • [Abbr for Lutheran, infll by Ger

and Scan pronc] macht nichts phr • [Ger] make v 1 D32 • Ger settlement areas make on v phr 3 • esp in Ger settlement

areasmake out v phr 3 • chiefly Ger settlement

areasmake out v phr 6 • [Caique of Ger

ausmachen] mauger adj • [..Dan, Du, Ger, Norw, Sw

mager..]merkel n2 • [Prob < Ger morchel (PaGer

marrichel)..] mettwurst n • [Ger mettwurst, Du

metworst..] metzel soup n • [sGer Metzelsuppe sausage

soup]milk flatscher n • [Cf Ger Flats che..; cf also

swGer dial Flats ehe..] mill n 1 3 • [..cf also Ger Mühle mill] misht n • [PaGer mischt < Ger Mist dung,

excrement] mite v • [Ger meiden to shun, avoid] moneys n pi • [..Cf also Ger Gelder n pi

“funds, money”] muddy n • [Cf Ger Mutti colloq var of

Mutter mother] mushle v • [..cf also Ger muscheln to shuffle

(cards)]mux n2 • [Ger Mucks a slight sound] needle cushion n 1 • [Cf Ger Nadelkissen

pincushion, literally “needle cushion”] nit adv • [Ger dial nit, var of nichts nothing] nix adv • [Ger nichts nothing] nix adv 2 • [Ger nichts kommt heraus

nothing will come of this] noodle v2 • [Ger nudeln to force-feed geese] nosh v • [Ger naschen to nibble on, Nascher

a nibbler..] not interrog exclam • [Ger nicht (wahr),

PaGer net (wor)] off-fall n2 • [Perh < Ger Abfall defection,

apostasy] oma n • esp in Ger settlement areas on prep B 12a • Ger settlement areas on prep B12b • [Usu caique of Ger an..] once adv B • chiefly German settlement

areasootz v • [Cf Ger uzen to tease, chaff] opa n • esp in Ger settlement areas overden n • [PaGer owwerdenn < denn (Ger

Tenne) threshing floor]

Germanicman n C l • [..in US prob reinforced by the

parallel use of the cognates in other Germanic languages..]

German, Pennsylvaniajellybread n • esp PaGer area keekling n • [Cf..PaGer kichli little cake] keep v B4 • [Caique of PaGer uf(f)halde]

kitch n • [PaGer kitsch] knepp n pi • [PaGer gnepp dumplings..]

(MAP)kotz v • Ger and PaGer settlement areas krex v • esp in Ger, PaGer, and Jewish

settlement areas Kris(s) Kringle n • chiefly PaGer area, but

more widely recognized kuchen n • [..PaGer kuche cake, cookie]

(MAP)land rain n • [Caique of Ger Landregen

(PaGer landrejje, landregge) a steady rain] lattwaerrick n • [PaGer < Ger Latwerge

electuary] laugh n B2 • [Cf PaGer lache to laugh,

whinny < Ger lachen to laugh] little n C2 • [Caique of Ger von klein au f (or

an), PaGer vun glee uff] loan v B • [Cf PaGer lehne, Ger leihen to

lend, loan, borrow] lock open v phr • esp PaGer area long already adv phr • [PaGer schun lang,

Ger schon lange] look v B6 • [Caique of PaGer..] make v1 C17 • chiefly PaGer area make v1 D24 • [Caique of PaGer wacker

mache]make v1 D27 • [Caique of PaGer..] make down v phr 3 • [Caique of PaGer..] merkel n2 • [Prob < Ger morchel (PaGer

marrichel)..] milk pie n • PaGer area misht n • [PaGer mischt < Ger Mist dung,

excrement] moshey n • [PaGer mooschi taffy] mulligrub n 1 • PaGer area mullikep n • [PaGer mollekopp, mullikopp] noach n, v • [Prob < PaGer gnoche bone] not interrog exclam • [Ger nicht (wahr),

PaGer net (wor)] off n FI • chiefly PaGer area ouch v • esp PaGer area overden n • [PaGer owwerdenn < denn (Ger

Tenne) threshing floor]

German, Swiss Kilby n • [SwissGer..dial varr of Ger

Kirchweih]

Great LakesIndian cigar n • chiefly Midi, Gt Lakes

(MAP) jack n 1 3 • esp Gt Lakes June grass n i e » esp NEast, Gt Lakes kick v B3 • esp C Atl, Gt Lakes (MAP) kielbasa n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp in

Polish settlement areas kiyi n • Gt Lakesklatch n • scattered, but chiefly Upper

Missip Valley, Gt Lakes (MAP) lake fly n • chiefly Gt Lakes lake trout n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upstate

NY (MAP) lamper eel n 1 • chiefly NEng, Gt Lakes

Dow


ctober 2022

Gulf States 24

lift n2 • Gt Lakes lift v 4 • Gt Lakesliver sausage n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upper

Missip Valley (MAP) lobber v • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp


long-fingered adj • chiefly Gt Lakes, PA (MAP)

longjaw n • Gt Lakes lumberjack n • Gt Lakes Mackinaw trout n • chiefly Gt Lakes,

Rocky Mts maple camp n • esp NEast, Gt Lakes maple cream n • esp NEast, Gt Lakes maple wax n • esp NEast, Gt Lakes marsh hay n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Atlantic

(MAP)m arsh rabb it n 2 • chiefly C Atl, Gt Lakes

(MAP)massasauga n • chiefly Gt Lakes milch cow n • scattered, but chiefly NEast,

Gt Lakes (MAP)*milk cow n • widespread, but less freq

NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP) mill n 1 3 • esp Gt Lakes moccasin flower n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes

(MAP)mow away v phr • chiefly NEng, NY, Gt

Lakes (MAP) muddler n • chiefly Gt Lakes muley adj, n2 A3 (prone) • chiefly Upstate

NY, nPA, wGt Lakes (MAP) muskellunge n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes, OH,

PA, Upstate NY (MAP)*nicker n 1, v • widespread exc NEast, Gt

Lakes; less freq S Atl (MAP and Map Section)

nigger hair n 3 • esp Gt Lakes nigh horse n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes

(MAP)night pasture n • scattered, but esp eGt

Lakes, Upstate NY (MAP) nip n2 • esp Gt Lakes northeaster n • chiefly Atlantic; also Gt

Lakes (MAP) northern pike n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes (MAP) northwester n • chiefly Atlantic, Gulf

States, Gt Lakes (MAP)Norway pine n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes,

esp MI, WI, MN (MAP) oak opening n • chiefly wGt Lakes, esp WI,

MIowly adj • chiefly Upper MW, Gt Lakes

(MAP)

Gulf StatesIndian n B6 • esp Gulf States, TX (MAP) Indian fire n 3 • Gulf States, esp LA island n B2 • scattered, but esp Gulf States jackdaw n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States

(MAP)jaded adj • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States

jake leg n1 1 • chiefly S Midi, wGulf States (MAP)

jakeleg adj, n2 • Gulf States, TN jambalaya n 1 • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA

(MAP)jewfish n la • S Atl, Gulf States jewfish n lb • S Atl, Gulf States joe darter n 1 • esp Gulf States, Lower

Missip Valley (MAP) joe darter n 2 • esp Gulf States, S Midi jook n 2 • orig FL, later chiefly Gulf States,

S Atl (MAP) jump board n • esp Gulf States June corn n • esp Gulf States keg n, v A3 (prone) • esp S Atl, Gulf States kernel n 1 • chiefly C and S Atl; also Gulf

States (MAP and Map Section) king mackerel n • S Atl, Gulf States king’s ex exclam, n • chiefly west of Missip

R, Gulf States, Ohio Valley (MAP and Map Section)

kiss-me-and-I’ll-tell-you n 1 • chiefly TX, Gulf States

know v C • esp Gulf States lagging line n • chiefly West, Gulf States, W

Midi, esp sIL (MAP) lagniappe n • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA

(MAP and Map Section) lamper eel n 3 • esp Gulf States lie out v phr lb • esp Gulf States ling n 3 • Gulf Statesloggerhead n 5b • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States,

Lower Missip Valley (MAP) lord god n 1 • chiefly SE, esp Gulf States

(MAP) love bug n • Gulf States low sick adj phr • Sth, S Midi, esp Gulf

States (MAP) maguey n 1 • Gulf States, SW maiden cane n • S Atl, Gulf States make v 1 C l8b • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA manner n 3a • chiefly S Midi, Gulf States,

TX (MAP)Mardi Gras n 2 • scattered, but esp Gulf

States, NYC maw n 1 1 • chiefly Gulf States, Mid and S

AtlMexican adj B3 • esp TX, Gulf States milk pen n • esp Gulf States, TX mosquito fly n • esp Gulf States, S Atl mother dear n • chiefly Gulf States, S Atl

(MAP)mouse cat n • esp Ohio Valley, Gulf States

(MAP)mud cat n la • chiefly Missip-Ohio Valleys,

Gulf States *muley adj, n2 A2 (prone) • scattered, but

less freq Atlantic coast, Gulf States (MAP) mussel n 2 • chiefly Midi, Gulf States nail bar n • scattered, but esp West, Gulf

States (MAP) newground n la • chiefly C and S Atl, Gulf

States (MAP)

Dow


ctober 2022

25 Gullah

nibbling n • esp Gulf States nig n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States nigger n 1 B11 • scattered, but chiefly Midi,

Gulf States, TX (MAP)*niggerhead n 1 • widespread exc Gulf

States (MAP) nigger-shooter n • chiefly Gulf States, TX northwester n • chiefly Atlantic, Gulf

States, Gt Lakes (MAP) nut grass n 1 • scattered, but chiefly S Atl,

Gulf States (MAP)*Osage orange n • widespread exc S Atl,

Inland Sth, Gulf States (MAP)

GullahJedus n • Gullahkeg n, v A4 (prone) • esp Gullahki intj • Gullahlick v • Gullah

lick v B 1 • Gullahlittle adj, n, v • among Gullah speakers locus preacher n • esp Gullah lukkuh prep, conj • Gullah malawu n • Gullah me adj a • Gullah me pron 2b • chiefly Gullah meet v 1 • Gullahmojo n • [..cf Gullah moco witchcraft, magic..] more adv B2 • Gullah nana n2 • Gullah neighbor n • Gullah no-manners adj • Gullah nyam v • chiefly Gullah one adv C l • among Black (esp Gullah)

speakersone-one adv, adj, n • among Gullah speakers oule n • Gullah own adj 2 • Gullah

Dow


ctober 2022

HHarlem See New York, Harlem

Hawaii; Hawaiianiiwi n • HIili n • HIilima n • HIilio n • HIimii n • HIinamona n • HIinia n • HIio n • HIka adv • HIkaa v • HIkahala n • HIkahili n • HIkahili ginger n • HIkahuna n • chiefly HIkahuna v • HIkai n, adv • HIkakio n • HIkala n1 • HIkala n2 • HIkalakoa adj, n • HIkalikali n • HIkalua v • HIkamaaina n • HIkamaboko n • HIkamani n • HIkanaka n • chiefly HIkane n • HIkapakahi adj • HIkapu adj • [Haw “sacred, inviolable;

prohibited”..] kapulu adj, adv • HI kauka n • HI kaukau n, v • HI kawakawa n • HI keiki n • HI kiawe n • HI kini n • HIkinipopo, on the adj phr • HIko n • HIkoa n • [Haw]kokua v, n • HIkona n • HIkotonk n • HIkou n • [Haw]kukae n, v • HIkukui n • HIkuleana n • HIkulikuli v • HIkulolo n • HIkumu n • HIkupipi n • HI

lace-necked dove n • HI lanai n • chiefly HI lauhala n • HI laulau n • HI leatherback n 6 • HI lei n • chiefly HI, but more widely

recognized Lei Day n • HI lilikoi n • HI limu n • HI lolo adj, n • HI lomi v • HI lomi salmon n • HI lua n • HI luau n • HIluau n 2 • chiefly HI, but widely recognizedluau foot n • HIluna n • HImahalo exclam • HImahimahi n • esp HImahope adv • HImahu adj, n • HImahukona violet n • HImaikai adj, adv «HImaile n • HImaile haole n • HImaile pilau n • HImakahiki n • HImakai adv, adj • HImake adj, v2, n • HImakiawa n • HImakule adj, n • HImalassada n • HI, seNEngmale v • [Haw pronc-sp for marry]malihini n • HImalo n • HImalolo n • HImamani n • [Haw]mama-san n • HImanapua n • HImanienie n • HImanini adj • HImanini n • HImanuahi n, adj • HImaomao n • HImauka adv, adj • HImedian (strip) n lb • chiefly PA, sNJ; also

HI (MAP) mele n, v • HIMele Kalikimaka exclam • HImenehune n • HImilkfish n • HImilo n2 • HIminor exclam • HI

Dow


ctober 2022

27 hypocoristic

moana n1 • HI moaning bird n • HI moano n • HI mock orange n lg • HI moemoe v, n • HI moi n • HI mokihana n • HI molowa adj • HI momona adj, n • HI muumuu n • orig HI, now widely

recognized naio n • [Haw] nani adj • HI nene n • [Haw] nohu n • HI noio n • HI nui adj • HI octopus tree n • esp HI ohelo n • HI ohelo-kai n • HI ohia n 1 • HI oio n • HI okole n, adv • HIokolehao n • [Haw ‘okolehao try-pot still..] okole maluna exclam • HI on prep B12b • [..perh caique of Haw ma

on, at] one adv C2 • HI one-finger poi n • HI ono adj, v • HI ono n • HI oo n • [Haw ‘o ‘o] oopu n • HI opakapaka n • HI opala n • HI opelu n • HI opihi n • HI opiopio adj • [Haw] opu n • HI

Hindikedgeree n • [Var of Hindi kitcheri..]

historic (See also archaic) johnnycake board n • hist juba n 1 • hist kinnikinnick n 1 • hist labor n, v • hist long bit n • hist loud school n • hist maverick v 1 • hist mud wagon n 1 • hist noon mark n • hist old-field school n • hist

Hopikiva n • [Hopi]

Hudson Valley See New York, Hudson Valley

hypercorrect; hypercorrection-ing suff B1 (prone) • Used as a hyper

correct form of l-sn, -ini Jamestown weed n • a hypercorrect sp for

the prone ['jimsan] look v A1 • perh by hypercorrection, look at lowly adj • [Prob hypercorrection..] mellow v • [..hypercorrect form mellow] merkel n2 • [..in which case myrtle is a

hypercorrection..]

hypocoristicicky adj • [Hypocoristic; perh varr of sticky]

(MAP)mam-maw n • [Prob hypocoristic varr of

grandma] (MAP) nana n 1 • [Hypocoristic] (MAP) ninny n2 • [..perh hypocoristic..] (MAP) nuncle n • Also hypocoristic nunk(s), nunky

Dow


ctober 2022

IIdaho

jota n • esp CA, sID, eOR lucerne n • formerly more widespread, now

esp UT, ID Mormon derrick n • esp UT, ID, eOR Mormon rain(storm) n • chiefly ID

Illinoislagging line n • chiefly West, Gulf States, W

Midi, esp sIL (MAP) limpa n • chiefly IL, MN, ND, WI lutefisk n • chiefly Upper MW, WI, nwIL

(MAP)mud boat n 1 • chiefly OH, IN, sIL (MAP)

Illinois, ChicagoLugen n • chiefly Chicago IL

imitative (See also echoic)ker- pref • often with an imitative second

element

Indianamud boat n 1 • chiefly OH, IN, sIL (MAP) October bean n • chiefly sAppalachians, IN

(MAP)

Indian, Americanmagofer n • [..perh of Afr or Amlnd

origin..]maque chou(x) n • [LaFr; perh of Amlnd

origin]moccasin n 1 • [Appar from moccasin shoe,

of Amlnd origin..]

Inland Northice-cream social n • scattered, but chiefly

Inland Nth, N Midi (MAP) last dog is hung, until the adv phr • esp

Inland Nth, N Midi loafing barn n • scattered, but chiefly Inland

Nth, Midi (MAP) loggerhead n 3 • chiefly Inland Nth, N Midi,

C Atl (MAP) mackerel-snapper n • esp Inland Nth, N

Midi, West (MAP) minnow n A3 • chiefly N Midi, Inland Nth

(MAP)*molasses n C l • widespread, but less freq

Inland Nth, Pacific (MAP) mouth organ n 1 • widespread, but chiefly


mud hen n i b » widespread, but more freq Inland Nth, N Midi, West (MAP)

mud wasp n • chiefly NEast; also Inland Nth, N Midi, Pacific (MAP and Map Section)

mumblety-peg n 3 • scattered, but esp Inland Nth, N Midi (MAP)

nigger fish v phr • scattered, but more freq Inland Nth, West (MAP)

on prep, adv (prone) • chiefly Inland Nth, West

Inland South*jerkwater adj 1 • scattered exc NEng;

infreq Sth, Inland Sth (MAP) lazy boy n 1 • esp S Atl, Inland Sth mayapple n 2 • esp S Atl, Inland Sth *Osage orange n • widespread exc S Atl,


intrusivenerk up v phr • [Perh knock with intrusive r]

Inupiaqoogruk n • [Inupiaq ugruk]

Iowakittenball n • IA, MN, WIletter n 3 • Dutch settlement areas, esp NJ,

IAloose-meat sandwich n • esp IA maintainer n • chiefly Upper Missip Valley,

esp IA, MO (MAP)

Irishinfare n • [Scots, Ir, nEngl dial; cf EDD,

SND]jabble v • [Prob Scots, Ir, nEngl dial jabble

to agitate..a liquid; cf EDD jabble sb.1 6..] jack bite n • [Prob folk-etym for Scots, Ir,

nEngl dial chack a snack + bite] jag v 1 • [Scots, Ir, nEngl dial] killick n • [..Cf also Ir cailleach..] kitchen n2 • [Perh < Scots, Engl, Ir dial

kinch..]lavins n pi • [Ir dial var of leavings..] lose v A1 • [Scots, Ir, nEngl dial loss,

swEngl dial lost] losset n • [Obs Ir, nEngl dial < Ir losad

kneading-trough] marching around the levee n • [..but an Ir

version begins “Marching round the ladies”..]

Mick n • [..perh also in ref to the Me of many Irish surnames]

motte n • [..introduced by Irish immigrants..] (MAP)

Dow


ctober 2022

29 Italian

nary adj • [Engl, Ir dial forms of never a (EDD at never a, never a one)..]

need v 2 • [Prob of Scots, nlr origin; cf SND need v. 4, 1923 -►]

nervish adj • [Engl, Scots, Ir dial; cf EDD] nicker n 1, v • [Scots, Ir, nEngl dial] (MAP

and Map Section) of prep C4 • [..may be from Scots, nlr dial;

cf..EDD o/prep. 14] (MAP) omadhaun n • [OED 1818 -»•; < Ir amadan

fool]out adv B3 • [Ir dial]

ironic; ironicallyIrish mail n • [Prob ironic ref to mail a (usu

fast) conveyance for transporting mail]

little n C l «Used ironically with a superlative adj or adv

-ma- infix • in “nonsense” words, often with jocular, ironic, or derisive force

major n 1 • sometimes applied joc or ironically

ItalianJerusalem artichoke n • [..ult folk-etym for

Ital girasole] mauger adj • [..Ital, Port, Span magro]

Dow


ctober 2022

JJamaican; Dictionary of Jamaican English

icening n • [..cf..DBE, D JE ] inkberry n 3 • [DJE 1864 -►] jawbone n 1 • Cf DJE 1837 ->, DBE Jerusalem thorn n • [DJE 1756 -►] jester n • [..cf..DJE digester, jesta]John Canoe n • [..cf DJE, 1774 john crow n • [DJE 1826 -►]John Mariggle n 1 • [DJE 1892 -►] joog v • [Prob of Afr origin (cf DJE juk,

DBE jo ok)..] juba n • [Perh Afr; cf DJE Juba..]Junefish n • [DJE 1873 -►] junky adj • Cf DNE, DJE, SND ki intj • Cf DJElab one’s mouth v phr • [..cf also DJE laba,

labrish to chatter] lick v B 1 • Cf DJElittle more and(, a) adv phr • [Cf DJE quot

1839 at little most..] locustberry n • [DJE 1727 ->• for Byrsonima

coriacea]long mouth n • Cf DJE long out one’s

mouth (at long out) lukkuh prep, conj • [..cf DJE A8..and laka] make v1 D21 • Cf DJE mikies malawu n • Cf DJE man n C2 • [..cf DJE..] mangrow n • [..DJE mangrow] mannersable adj • Cf DJE mannersly adj • Cf ..DJE mannish adj • Cf DJE margaret grunt n • [..DJE 1892 -►] maringouin n • Cf DJE merrywing me adj a • [Cf DBE, DJE] nana n2 • Cf DJE nyam v • [..cf DBE, DJE] old joe n • [Cf DJE old Joe the pelican] old-man’s-beard n 1 • [DJE 1696 -►] one adv C l • Cf DJE one indef art D • Cf DBE, DJE one-one adv, adj, n • Cf DBE, DJE onetime adv • Cf DJE, DBE out v C3 • Cf ..DJE (MAP) overlook v • Cf DJE overlook vb2 oyster crab n • [DJE 1756 for Pinnotheres

geddesi] oyster plant n 3 • [DJE 1811 -►]

Japaneseichiban adj • [Japanese] kamaboko n • [Japanese kamaboko] kudzu n • [Japanese kuzu] mama-san n • [mamma n 1 1 + Japanese san

worthy]

Jewishkishke n • esp among speakers of Jewish

background knackwurst n • esp in Ger and Jewish

settlement areas krex v • esp in Ger, PaGer, and Jewish

settlement areas kvetch v • esp in Jewish settlement areas latke n • chiefly in Jewish settlement areas

jocular; jocularly; joking I-all pron • joc Idaho rain n «jocin flew endways n • [Joc varr of influenza] infoxicated adj • [Joc var of intoxicated, infl

by fox v 1]IQ n *jocIrish apple n • jocIrish banjo n • jocIrish nightingale n • jocIrish plum n 2 • jocIrish turkey n • jocIrish wash n • joc-itis suff • usu jocjackpine savage n • joc or derogjassack n • hence joc jass-ass, jass-onkeyjawbreaker n 1 • jocjerk v1 C4 • jocjerkwater adj 1 • joc or derog (MAP)Jesus H. Christ n • [Prob joc interpretation

of IHC, var of IHS, monogram for Jesus] jimmy cane n • [Prob joc var of hurricane..] john n 4 • in var combs as a joking word for

one’s signature jump off the deep end v phr • joc jump the bucket v phr • joc junker n • usu joc (MAP) key n 1 • jockinnery n • sometimes joc knowledge bump n • joc kyoodle n • derog or joc lady’s monthly journal n • joc, euphem lap organ n 2 • joc lassengers n • joc last chance n 2 • joc last chance n 3 • joc library n B2 »joc liver pad n • joc livestock n pi • joc long-ass butterfly n • joc Longfellow n • [In joc ref to Amer poet

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-82)] Lord’s fertilizer n • joc Lucy Bowles n • joc, euphem (MAP) lumber n 1 2 • joc

Dow


ctober 2022

31 jocular

lunch hook n • joc-ma- infix • in “nonsense” words, often with

jocular, ironic, or derisive force Maggie and Jiggs n • joc Mainiac n • jocmajor n 1 • sometimes applied joc or

ironically marble orchard n • joc or euphem mash frogs v phr • joc ma’s room n • jocmeat hound n • Used as a derog or joc

epithet for a dog Methodist feet n • joc Mexican adj B4 • joc or derog Milwaukee cider n • joc mitten n • [Prob joc var of mittimus a

dismissal..] (MAP) molar masher n • jocmonkey n1 B6 • [Perh joc var of monthlies..] Monkey Ward n • joc

Mormon buckskin n • joc or derogmountain trout n 4 • jocmow hay v phr • jocMr. Astorbilt n • jocMrs. Jones n »jocmuch o’britches exclam »jocmud cat n 3 • joc or derogmud-hen cleaner n • jocmud hook n • jocmusty adj2 • jocmutton puncher n • jocmuzzle loader n • jocNava-Joe n • [Joc prone of Navajo]nervous adj B 1 • jocoakhead n • jocoatburner n • jocOld Point Comfort n • jocone-eyed mabel n • jocoptriculum n • jocoverland trout n • joc

Dow


ctober 2022

KKansas

last couple out n • esp Upper MW, KS (MAP)

Mexican sandburr n • chiefly KS, OK

Kentuckyjam cake n • chiefly S Midi, esp KY (MAP) joeboat n • chiefly Ohio Valley, esp KY

(MAP)jolt wagon n • S Midi, esp KY (MAP) jump jacket n • S Midi, esp KY June apple n 1 • chiefly S Midi, esp KY Kentucky breakfast n • esp KY Kentucky oysters n pi • esp KY kitty n 3 • esp KY, MD, VA (MAP) landside plow n • esp NEng, TN, KY

laying-off plow n • esp KY, TN leaf n 1 B2 • KY leak n • esp KY lonesome water(s) n • esp KY lug n2 1 • chiefly KY, VA misput v 2 • esp KY mockingbird n 5 • esp KY mud martin n • esp KY nettleweed n • esp KY newlight n • esp KY nit fly n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp KY

(MAP) nubbin n 1 • esp eKY Old Billy n 2 • KYoodlins n pi • S Midi, esp KY, TN (MAP) ooze n • chiefly S Midi, esp KY

Dow


ctober 2022

Llambdacism

nicker n 1, v • by lambdacism nickle (MAP and Map Section)

Latinlive water n • [Cf Lat aqua vitae water of

life]maniportia n • [Var of Lat mania a potu]

(MAP)

Lithuaniankugeli n • [Lithuanian kugeli potato dish..]

Long Island See New York, Long Island

LouisianaIndian fire n 3 • Gulf States, esp LA insurance oil n • esp LA Isleño n • LAislet n 2 • LA, esp New Orleans jack n 1 2 • esp LAjambalaya n 1 • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA;

becoming more widely recognized (MAP) johnny crook n 2 • LA Johnson grass n 2 • chiefly LA jumper n 8 • esp LA kingbird n 2 • esp LA kitty exclam • esp LA kyoodle n • scattered, but esp LA Lafitte skiff n • cs,seLA lagniappe n • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA

(MAP and Map Section) lamp eel n 1 • esp LA latanier n • LAlearn v (prone) • chiefly NYC, sLAlemonfish n • esp LALent wind n • LAleopard dog n • esp LA, TXlevee n 1 la • chiefly Missip Valley, esp LAlocker n 2 • chiefly LA (MAP)long gravy n • esp LAlost bread n • LA

loup-garou n • chiefly ME, LA lugger n 1 • now chiefly sLA mais conj • LA make v1 C l8a • chiefly LA make v1 C l8b • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA mamou n • LA maque chou(x) n • LA marais n • chiefly LA, eTX Mardi Gras n 1 • chiefly LA (esp New

Orleans), but widely recognized elsewhere maringouin n • chiefly LA marionette n • esp LA, AL ♦median (strip) n la • widespread exc

Pacific, Rocky Mts, LA, MS (MAP) mémère n • Fr settlement areas, esp sLA Mexican French duck n • LA Mexican mallard n • esp LA minnie n3 • chiefly LA minou n • esp LA mirliton n • LAmorel n 1 • [..but in Louisiana perh an

independent borrowing from Fr morille] mudbug n • chiefly LA muffuletta n • esp c,sLA nenaine n • LAneutral ground n • chiefly LA, sMS (MAP)nigger pole n • LAoutarde n • LAoyster loaf n • chiefly LA

Louisiana French See French, Louisiana

Louisiana, New Orleansislet n 2 • LA, esp New Orleans king cake n • esp New Orleans LA krewe n • New Orleans LA Mardi Gras n 1 • chiefly LA (esp New

Orleans), but widely recognized elsewhere oven n 3 • New Orleans LA

Lower Mississippi Valley See Mississippi Valley, Lower

Dow


ctober 2022

MMaine

Indian bannock n • chiefly eNEng, esp ME, NH

Italian sandwich n • NEast, esp ME (MAP) Jacob’s cattle bean n • esp ME jaundice n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi, ME,

l'jond9(r)z, 1 ja-l jeezly adj, adv • ME joe flogger n • coastal MA, ME jumper n i l * ME juniper n 2a • chiefly ME junk n 1 • chiefly NEng, esp ME junk v 1 • MEkennebunker n • NEng, esp MEkillhag n • ME, NHkitchen n1 2 • MEkyack n 1 • esp MElarrigan n • esp MElarrup v 2 • esp MElobster roll n • esp ME, MAlogan n • chiefly MEloup-garou n • chiefly ME, LAlucivee n • esp MEmaster adj • chiefly S Midi, also MEmaster adv • chiefly ME, sAppalachiansmedrick n • ME, MAmercury n 1 • NEast, esp MEminge n • esp ME, NHmoney cat n • chiefly NEng, esp ME (MAP)moosebird n • Nth, esp MEmoose fly n 1 • esp MEmoxie n 1 • MEnubble n • esp coastal ME

maleman n C3 • esp freq among male Black

speakers

Manxkillick n • [..cf Manx (and ManxEngl)

killagh..]

mapice-cream social n • scattered, but chiefly

Inland Nth, N Midi (MAP) ice-creim supper n • scattered, but esp Sth,

S Midi, TX (MAP) ice tag n2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp PA (MAP) icing n 1 • widespread, but less freq Nth,

Pacific (MAP and Map Section) icky adj • chiefly Nth, N Midi, Pacific

(MAP)in prep B7 • scattered, but chiefly S Atl,

Lower Missip Valley (MAP) inchworm n • widespread, but esp NEast, N

Cent (MAP)

Indian n B6 • esp Gulf States, TX (MAP) Indian cigar n • chiefly Midi, Gt Lakes

(MAP)Indian pipe n 1 • chiefly Nth, esp NEast

(MAP)Indian pudding n • chiefly NEng (MAP) inwards n pi (prone) • esp Nth (MAP)Irish buggy n • chiefly West (MAP)Irish potato n • scattered, but more freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP and Map Section)Italian pepper n • chiefly NEast (MAP) Italian sandwich n • NEast, esp ME (MAP) itch n B 1 • widespread, but esp Sth, S Midi

(MAP)ivory n 1 la • scattered, but less freq Sth,

nNEng (MAP) ivory n2 • scattered, but more freq Sth, S

Midi, NEast (MAP) jack n 1 24a(l) • chiefly S Atl (MAP) jack n2 2b • esp N Midi (MAP) jack v 1 • chiefly NEast (MAP and Map

Section)jackdaw n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States

(MAP)jackfish n la • chiefly Sth (MAP) jack frost n 1 • widespread, but chiefly Nth,

N Midi (MAP) jack frost n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) jackleg adj 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) jacklight v • scattered, but chiefly NEast

(MAP)jack-o’-lantern n 1 • chiefly Sth, Midi (MAP) jag n2 la • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) jag n2 2 • chiefly Nth (MAP) jailhouse n • scattered, but somewhat more

freq Sth, S Midi (MAP) jake leg n 1 1 • chiefly S Midi, wGulf States

(MAP)jalapeno n • orig chiefly TX, but now

widely recognized (MAP) jam v 1 • scattered, but chiefly NEast, N

Cent (MAP and Map Section) jambalaiya n 1 • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA;

becoming more widely recognized (MAP) jam cake n • chiefly S Midi, esp KY (MAP) jarfly n 1 • chiefly S Midi (MAP) jarhead n 1 • chiefly SE (MAP) jassack n • scattered, but esp WV (MAP) jaybird n la • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi (MAP) jaybird n i b * scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi (MAP) jeez intj • scattered, but chiefly Nth, N Midi

(MAP)jelly doughnut n • widespread, but esp freq

NEast, S Atl, CA (MAP)

Dow


ctober 2022

35 map

jerkwater adj 1 • scattered exc NEng; infreq Sth, Inland Sth (MAP)

jerky n2 • scattered, but chiefly West (MAP)

Jersey mosquito n 1 • chiefly NEast (MAP) Jerusalem, going to n 1 • scattered, but esp

NEast; infreq West (MAP)Jewish bread n • chiefly Nth, esp NEast

(MAP)Jewish pickle n • esp PA, NJ, NY (MAP) jibe v • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) jigger n2 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) jiggered, I ’ll be phr • chiefly Nth, N Midi,

West (MAP) jimson weed n • chiefly Sth, Midi (MAP) Job’s turkey n 1 • widespread, but more

freq Sth, Midi (MAP) joeboat n • chiefly Ohio Valley, esp KY

(MAP)joe darter n 1 • esp Gulf States, Lower

Missip Valley (MAP)Joe-Pye weed n 1 • chiefly NEast, Mid Atl

(MAP)john n 2a • widespread, but somewhat less

freq Sth (MAP) johnboat n 1 • chiefly Missip-Ohio Valleys

(MAP)John Bull n • chiefly Nth, esp NEast (MAP) John Hancock n • widespread, but more

freq NEast, N Cent (MAP and Map Section)

John Henry n 1 • widespread, but less freq NEast, OH (MAP and Map Section)

johnnycake n 1 • scattered, but chiefly Nth (MAP)

johnny house n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp Mid and S Atl (MAP)

joint snake n • chiefly Sth (MAP) jolt wagon n • S Midi, esp KY (MAP)Jonah n B 1 • scattered, but esp Nth, N Midi

(MAP)jook n 2 • orig FL, later chiefly Gulf States,

S Atl (MAP) jowl n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP)Judas n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp NEast

(MAP)jugarum n • chiefly NEast (MAP) jug fishing vbl n • chiefly Missip Valley

(MAP)juice v • chiefly Sth, S Midi, West (MAP) July fly n 1 • chiefly SE (MAP) jumper n 7a • Nth, esp NEast (MAP) jump the broom v phr • scattered, but

chiefly Sth, S Midi, TX (MAP) jump-the-rope n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) Juneberry n 1 • chiefly MI, MN, WI; also

PA (MAP) junker n • scattered, but chiefly N Cent,

NEast (MAP) kaiser blade n • chiefly Lower Missip

Valley, esp MS (MAP) kaput adj B • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)keen adj 1 • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi

(MAP)

keen adj 2 • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP)

keep v B3 • scattered, but esp Sth, Midi (MAP) keeps n pi 1 • scattered, but chiefly West, W

Midi (MAP) kernel n 1 • chiefly C and S Atl; also Gulf

States (MAP and Map Section) kernel n 3 • widespread, but more freq Midi

(MAP)kerosene oil n • scattered, but esp SE, NEast

(MAP and Map Section) kettle n (prone) • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)kettle n (prone) • chiefly S Midi, also NEast

(MAP)kettle n B 1 • widespread, but less freq Sth

(MAP and Map Section) key n 3 • chiefly S Atl, AL (MAP and Map

Section)kick v B1 • chiefly sAppalachians, S Atl

(MAP)kick v B2 • scattered, but chiefly west of

Appalachians (MAP) kick v B3 • esp C Atl, Gt Lakes (MAP) kick v B5 • Pacific NW (MAP) kike n • widespread, but more freq NEast, N

Cent, West (MAP) killdeer n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, SW,

Pacific (MAP) killifish n 1 • chiefly seNY (MAP) kiln n • esp C Atl, Lower Missip Valley

(MAP)kindling wood n • scattered, but more freq

Atl (MAP)kinfolk n pi • widespread, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi, Cent, TX (MAP) king n 2 • esp N and C Atl (MAP) king bee n • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) king’s ex exclam, n • chiefly west of Missip


kipe v • scattered, but esp West (MAP) kit n 2b • widespread, but somewhat more

freq Nth, N Midi (MAP) kitchen broom n • scattered, but less freq C

and Mid Atl, SE (MAP) kitchen garden n • scattered, but esp Nth, N

Midi (MAP) kitten n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp NEast

(MAP)kittens, have v phr • esp Nth (MAP) kitty n 3 • esp KY, MD, VA (MAP) kitty-corner adv, adj 1 • chiefly Nth, N

Midi, West (MAP and Map Section) kitty wants a corner n • scattered, but esp

Sth, S Midi (MAP) klatch n • scattered, but chiefly Upper

Missip Valley, Gt Lakes (MAP) knee-deep n • esp NEast, N Cent (MAP) knepp n pi • chiefly PA (MAP) knickknack n1 • esp Sth, Missip Valley

(MAP)knife n • esp Nth (MAP and Map Section) knob n 1 • widespread, but more freq N

Cent, Appalachians (MAP)

Dow


ctober 2022

map 36

knob n 2 • scattered, but chiefly Nth (MAP) knob n 3 • scattered, but esp Nth (MAP) knock v 1 • scattered exc N Cent, Upper

MW (MAP) knock v 2 • esp Sth (MAP) knock down v phr 1 • now chiefly Sth, S

Midi (MAP) knot n1 2a • widespread, but less freq Nth

(MAP)knot n1 3 • chiefly Sth, Midi, Cent (MAP) know v B3a • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi (MAP) know v B4a • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi (MAP) knuck n 1 2a • esp W Midi (MAP) kolacky n • chiefly WI, Upper MW (MAP) kraut n 1 • chiefly Midi (MAP) kraut n 2 • widespread, but less freq Mid

and S Atl, Lower Missip Valley (MAP) kuchen n • Ger settlement areas, esp N

Cent, PA (MAP) lace v 1 • chiefly NEast (MAP) ladle n • chiefly west of Appalachians

(MAP)lady pea n • chiefly Sth, sS Midi (MAP) lagging line n • chiefly West, Gulf States, W

Midi, esp sIL (MAP) lag line n • chiefly West, Missip Valley, sNJ

(MAP)lagniappe n • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA

(MAP and Map Section) lake trout n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upstate

NY (MAP) lamp oil n 1 • scattered, but esp Appala

chians (MAP) land frog n • chiefly Midi, C Atl (MAP) land turtle n • scattered, but chiefly N Midi,

C Atl (MAP) larch n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) larkspur n • chiefly West, S Midi (MAP) larruping adj 1 • esp W Midi, TX, OK

(MAP)last button on Gabe’s coat n 1 • chiefly

Sth, S Midi (MAP) last couple out n • esp Upper MW, KS

(MAP)last-go-trade n • chiefly Mid and S Atl, WV

(MAP)last pea in the dish n • chiefly SE (MAP) lather down, keep one’s v phr • esp WV

(MAP)law n 1 B1 • widespread, but more freq Sth, S

Midi (MAP) lawyer n B4 • esp MI, MN, WI (MAP) lay v 1 • chiefly S Midi, Sth (MAP and Map

Section)lay low sheepie n • esp PA, NJ (MAP) layover(s) to catch meddlers n • chiefly

Sth, S Midi (MAP) leader n 3 • chiefly NY, NJ (MAP) learn v B 1 • scattered, but less freq West

(MAP)leather-winged bat n • chiefly Sth (MAP) leave off v phr 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)

let on v phr • widespread exc NEng (MAP) letter n 2 • chiefly east of Missip R (MAP) lettuce bird n • chiefly Midi (MAP) level n • chiefly Mid and S Atl (MAP) level full adj phr • scattered, but esp Sth,

Midi (MAP) lick n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, TX, OK (MAP) licking good adj phr • chiefly Nth, esp

NEast (MAP) lickskillet n 2 • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) licorice n (prone) • chiefly S Midi, nNEng

(MAP) lie v 1 1 • esp Sth (MAP) lie v 1 3 • esp NEast, Midi (MAP) lie down v phr 1 • scattered, but chiefly Sth,

S Midi (MAP) lie out v phr 2 • Sth, S Midi, esp sAppala-

chians, GA, SC (MAP) light v2 2 • scattered, but esp S Atl,

sAppalachians (MAP) light bread n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, OK, TX

(MAP)light-fingered adj • scattered, but chiefly

NEast, N Cent (MAP) lightning bug n • widespread, but slightly

less freq Nth, Pacific (MAP and Map Section)

lightwood n1 • chiefly Sth, esp S Atl (MAP) like vbl aux E2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) lima bean n • widespread, but less freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP) limberneck n • chiefly Sth, Midi (MAP) limey n 1 • widespread, but less freq Sth, S

Midi (MAP) line n 1 1 • widespread, but less freq NEng

(MAP)linn n 1 • chiefly Midi (MAP) lister n 2 • chiefly Plains States (MAP) litter n 1 • chiefly S Midi (MAP) little Sally Walker n • scattered, but esp

Sth, S Midi (MAP) little Sally Water(s) n • chiefly east of

Missip R, esp PA (MAP) live in adultery v phr • scattered, but chiefly

W Midi, S Atl (MAP) liver pudding n • chiefly S and Mid Atl

(MAP)liver sausage n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upper

Missip Valley (MAP) liverwurst n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)loaf bread n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) loafer v • chiefly sAppalachians (MAP) loafing barn n • scattered, but chiefly Inland

Nth, Midi (MAP) lobber v • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp


local preacher n • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S Midi, C Atl (MAP)

locked bowels n pi 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP)

locker n 2 • chiefly LA (MAP) lockup n • scattered, but less freq West

(MAP)

Dow


ctober 2022

37 map

locoweed n • West (MAP) loft n 1 • widespread, but less freq Nth, N

Midi, Pacific (MAP) loft n 2 • scattered, but chiefly S Midi, Sth

(MAP)log cart n • esp C and S Atl (MAP) loggerhead n 3 • chiefly Inland Nth, N Midi,

C Atl (MAP) loggerhead n 5b • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States,

Lower Missip Valley (MAP) logrolling vbl n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)log wagon n 1 • scattered, but esp Lower

Missip Valley, Ohio Valley, C Atl (MAP) logy adj 1 • scattered, but more freq Nth, N

Midi, West (MAP) lollipop n 1 a • widespread, but esp freq

NEast (MAP and Map Section) long drawers n pi • scattered, but chiefly

SE, C Atl, seNY (MAP) longear n 1 • chiefly N Cent, West (MAP) long-fingered adj • chiefly Gt Lakes, PA

(MAP)long handles n pi • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

West (MAP and Map Section) longies n pi • widespread, but chiefly Nth, N

Midi (MAP and Map Section) long jeans n pi • scattered, but esp C Atl,

NEast (MAP) long john n 1 • widespread, but somewhat

less freq Sth, S Midi (MAP) long john n 2 • scattered, but chiefly Upper

Missip Valley, Upper MW, Plains States, MI (MAP)

long tom n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) Lord n 1 B1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) lord god n 1 • chiefly SE, esp Gulf States

(MAP)Lordy intj • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) lot n la • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S Midi,

TX (MAP)lot n lb(2) • widespread, but less freq N Atl,

West (MAP) lousy adj 2a • widespread, but less freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP) lousy adj 2c • widespread, but less freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP) lousy adj 2d • widespread, but somewhat

less freq Sth (MAP) love child n • scattered, but more freq

NEast, N Cent, Mid Atl (MAP) low v, n • chiefly Sth (MAP) low beam n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, C Atl,

West (MAP) low-down adj 2 • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) lower v 1 • chiefly NEng, Upstate NY (MAP) low ground(s) n • chiefly Mid Atl (MAP) low-quarter(ed) shoe n • chiefly Sth (MAP) low-rate v • chiefly Sth (MAP) low sick adj phr • Sth, S Midi, esp Gulf

States (MAP) low-test adj • chiefly NEast, Mid Atl, N

Cent (MAP)Lucy Bowles n • scattered, but esp PA, NJ,

seNY (MAP)

lug n 1 1 • chiefly Upper Missip Valley, West (MAP)

lumber wagon n • chiefly Nth, Cent (MAP) lummox n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)lung fever n • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) lutefisk n • chiefly Upper MW, WI, nwIL

(MAP)ma n A1 (prone) • widespread, but more

freq Nth, N Midi (MAP) ma n A2 (prone) • widespread, but less freq

NEast (MAP) ma n A3 (prone) • esp SC, C Atl (MAP) macadam n 1 • widespread, but chiefly

NEast, Mid Atl, N Cent (MAP) machine shed n • widespread, but esp freq

Plains States, Upper Missip Valley (MAP) mackerel sky n • scattered, but chiefly

NEast (MAP) mackerel-snapper n • esp Inland Nth, N

Midi, West (MAP) mad adj la • widespread, but more freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP) mad adj lb • chiefly Sth (MAP) mad adj lc • chiefly Nth (MAP) madam n • chiefly Sth (MAP) maintainer n • chiefly Upper Missip Valley,

esp IA, MO (MAP) make v1 C7 • widespread, but more freq

Nth, N Midi (MAP) make v1 D19 • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi

(MAP)make v1 D21 • formerly widespread, now

esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) make like v phr • widespread, but esp freq

Sth (MAP)make out v phr 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) make over v phr • chiefly S Midi; also West

(MAP)make up v phr 2 • chiefly Atlantic (MAP) male adj • widespread, but chiefly Sth, Midi

(MAP)mall n 1 • chiefly Upstate NY (MAP) mamma n 1 1 • widespread, but less freq

Nth, N Midi (MAP) mam-maw n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mammoth adj, n • chiefly Nth (MAP) mammy n 1 la • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) man n C2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mandrake n • chiefly NEast, N Cent (MAP) mango n 2 • chiefly W Midi (MAP) maniportia n • chiefly MD (MAP) manner n 3a • chiefly S Midi, Gulf States,

TX (MAP) mantel n • esp NEast, N Cent (MAP) mantelboard n • esp TX, Lower Missip

Valley (MAP) mantelpiece n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

Atlantic (MAP) maple bar n • West (MAP) marble eye n 1 • scattered, but esp Sth, S

Midi, Missip Valley (MAP) mark v1 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) marketing n 1 • scattered, but esp east of

Missip R (MAP)

Dow


ctober 2022

map 38

marrowfat (bean) n • chiefly nNJ, NY, PA (MAP)

marsh hay n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Atlantic (MAP)

marsh hen n 1 • chiefly Sth (MAP) marsh marigold n • chiefly Nth, N Midi

(MAP)marsh rabbit n 2 • chiefly C Atl, Gt Lakes

(MAP)mash v 1 1 • widespread, but chiefly Sth,

Midi; also West (MAP) mason wasp n • chiefly Mid Atl,

sAppalachians (MAP) matterate v • chiefly NEng, Upstate NY

(MAP)mattock n • widespread, but more freq

Appalachians (MAP) mayapple n 1 • widespread exc West; less

freq NEast, Sth (MAP)May basket n • scattered, but esp Nth, N

Midi, Plains States (MAP)May bug n 1 • esp N Cent (MAP) meadowlark n 1 • widespread, but less freq

Sth, S Midi (MAP) meander v • scattered, but less freq Sth, S

Midi (MAP) measuring worm n • widespread exc NEng,

West (MAP) meat n 1 • widespread, but less freq S Midi

(MAP and Map Section) meat house n 1 • chiefly S Midi (MAP) meat platter n • chiefly N Cent, N Midi, C

Atl (MAP) median (strip) n 1 a • widespread exc

Pacific, Rocky Mts, LA, MS (MAP) median (strip) n lb • chiefly PA, sNJ; also

HI (MAP)median (strip) n lc • chiefly Midi (MAP) median (strip) n le • scattered, but rare Sth,

West (MAP) mend v 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mesa n 1 • chiefly West, esp SW, CO (MAP) mess up v phr 1 • chiefly Sth, Midi (MAP) Mexican bean n 1 • chiefly West (MAP) mib n • scattered, but chiefly N Cent, NEast

(MAP)Mick n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp NEast

(MAP)Mick n 2 • scattered, but esp PA (MAP) middlebuster n 1 • chiefly Sth, TX (MAP) middleman n 1 • Sth, S Midi (MAP) middling n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mig n • chiefly Nth, West (MAP) mighty adv • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP and

Map Section) milch cow n • scattered, but chiefly NEast,

Gt Lakes (MAP) milk cow n • widespread, but less freq

NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP) milk house n • widespread, but less freq Sth,

Atlantic (MAP) milking cow n • scattered, but esp NEast

(MAP)milk room n • scattered, but chiefly NEng,

Sth, S Midi (MAP)

milk snake n 1 • chiefly NEast, N Cent (MAP)

milk train n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP)

milo maize n • chiefly Plains States, SW (MAP)

milquetoast n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, CA (MAP)

mince v • widespread, but more freq Sth, Midi (MAP)

mincemeat n • chiefly Midi (MAP) mince pie n • esp NEast (MAP) miner’s consumption n • chiefly West, esp

CA, NV, CO (MAP) minnow n A1 • widespread, but less freq

Sth, S Midi (MAP) minnow n A2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) minnow n A3 • chiefly N Midi, Inland Nth

(MAP)mist n 4 • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) mister n 1 • scattered, but chiefly N Cent,

PA (MAP)mist rain v phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mitt n 2 • chiefly Nth, Midi, West (MAP) mitten n • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) mixed-breed n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, N Atl

(MAP)moccasin flower n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes

(MAP)moist yeast n • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) molasses n C 1 • widespread, but less freq

Inland Nth, Pacific (MAP) mom n 1 1 • widespread, but less freq Sth

(MAP)mom-mom n • PA, NJ, DE, MD (MAP) money cat n • chiefly NEng, esp ME (MAP) mongrel n (prone) • widespread, but esp

NEast (MAP) monkey n 1 B3 • sePA, sNJ (MAP) monkey n 1 B5 • chiefly S Atl (MAP) monkey v • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) monkey bite n 1 • chiefly CA, also C and S

Atl (MAP) mopboard n • chiefly Nth, West (MAP) morel n2 • chiefly N Cent, Upper Missip

Valley (MAP) mosquito hawk n 2a • chiefly Sth, but

scattered Missip Valley (MAP and Map Section)

most time(s) adv phr • esp Sth, Midi (MAP) mother dear n • chiefly Gulf States, S Atl

(MAP)mother, may I n * chiefly west of

Appalachians (MAP) motte n • chiefly TX (MAP) mountain ash n 1 • chiefly Nth (MAP) mountain canary n • chiefly West (MAP) mountain dew n • scattered, but more freq

Sth, S Midi (MAP) mountaineer n • scattered, but chiefly

Appalachians (MAP) mountain lion n • chiefly West (MAP) mourners’ bench n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)mouse n B3 • scattered, but rare Sth (MAP)

Dow


ctober 2022

39 map

mouse cat n • esp Ohio Valley, Gulf States (MAP)

mouth harp n 1 • scattered, but less freq NEast, W Midi (MAP and Map Section)

mouth organ n 1 • widespread, but chiefly Inland Nth, C Atl; also S Atl, SW (MAP and Map Section)

move-up n • esp Ohio Valley, NEast (MAP) mow n1 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)mow v • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) mow away v phr • chiefly NEng, NY, Gt

Lakes (MAP) mow hole n • esp Appalachians, PA, NJ

(MAP)mowing n attrib • chiefly NEng (MAP) mowing blade n • chiefly S Midi, esp

sAppalachians (MAP) moxie n 2 • chiefly Nth, esp NEast (MAP) muck n1 la • chiefly east of Missip R (MAP) mud v 1 • chiefly Sth (MAP) mud boat n 1 • chiefly OH, IN, sIL (MAP) mud dauber n 1 • chiefly Midi, West (MAP

and Map Section) mud duck n 1 • chiefly Midi, N Cent (MAP) mud hen n i b » widespread, but more freq

Inland Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) mud swallow n • chiefly West; also PA, NY,

NJ (MAP) mud wasp n • chiefly NEast; also Inland

Nth, N Midi, Pacific (MAP and Map Section)

mule n1 5 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mule n1 6 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) muley adj, n2 A1 (prone) • widespread exc

Atlantic coast (MAP) muley adj, n2 A2 (prone) • scattered, but less

freq Atlantic coast, Gulf States (MAP) muley adj, n2 A3 (prone) • chiefly Upstate

NY, nPA, wGt Lakes (MAP) muley adj B 1 • widespread, but less freq

Atlantic coast (MAP) muley-head n • chiefly Sth (MAP) mulligrubs n pi 1 • scattered, but esp Sth

(MAP)multiplying onion n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)mum n1 • chiefly NEng, wPA (MAP) mumblety-peg n 1 • widespread, but less

freq Sth, S Midi (MAP) mumblety-peg n 2 • widespread, but less

freq NEast, C Atl (MAP) mumblety-peg n 3 • scattered, but esp

Inland Nth, N Midi (MAP) murphy n • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) murrain n • chiefly S Midi (MAP) muscadine (grape) n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)mush n 1 1 • widespread, but esp Pacific

(MAP)mushrat n 1 • widespread exc West (MAP) mushroom n (prone) • scattered, but esp

Sth, S Midi (MAP) mushroom n (prone) • chiefly NEast, Midi,

N Cent (MAP)

musical chairs n pi • widespread, but somewhat less freq Sth, S Midi (MAP)

muskellunge n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes, OH, PA, Upstate NY (MAP)

muskmelon n (prone) • widespread, but less freq Sth, West-.l'mAsk.melanl (MAP)

muskmelon n (prone) • widespread, but more freq Sth, S Midi, N AtlJ'm AS.m elanl (MAP)

muskrat n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) musky adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi; scattered

NEast (MAP) mustard pickle n • chiefly Nth, N Midi,

West (MAP) nail bar n • scattered, but esp West, Gulf

States (MAP) naked adj (prone) • scattered, but chiefly

Sth, S Midi, TX (MAP) nana n1 • scattered, but chiefly Nth, esp

NEast (MAP) nanny n 1 • scattered exc nNEng, Upper

MW, Cent (MAP) nappy n 1 • chiefly NEng (MAP) nary adj 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) nasty adj • scattered, but esp Sth (MAP) nasty-neat adj • scattered, but esp NEast

(MAP)nasty-nice adj • scattered, but less freq

NEast (MAP) nauseous adj • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp

NYC, NJ, PA (MAP) navel n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) navy bean n • widespread, but less freq

NEast (MAP) neap n1 • chiefly NEng, Upstate NY (MAP) nearside horse n • chiefly Midi (MAP) neb-nose n • chiefly PA (MAP) nerved up adj phr • chiefly NEast (MAP) netting (wire) n • chiefly Upper Missip

Valley, West (MAP) nettle rash n • chiefly SE, Lower Missip

Valley, TX (MAP) net wire n • scattered, but chiefly Lower

Missip Valley, TX (MAP) neutral ground n • chiefly LA, sMS

(MAP)New England (boiled) dinner n • chiefly

NEast, N Cent (MAP) newground n 1 a • chiefly C and S Atl, Gulf

States (MAP) new-milch adj • chiefly NEng (MAP) nib n 1 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) nib n2 1 • chiefly N Cent, NEast (MAP) nick n1 • Delmarva (MAP) nicker n 1, v • widespread exc NEast, Gt


nigger n 1 B11 • scattered, but chiefly Midi, Gulf States, TX (MAP)

nigger baby n 1 • scattered, but chiefly N Midi, seNY (MAP)

nigger baby n 3 • chiefly west of Appalachians (MAP)

nigger fish v phr • scattered, but more freq Inland Nth, West (MAP)

Dow


ctober 2022

Maryland 40

niggerhead n 1 • widespread exc Gulf States (MAP)

niggerhead n 3b • chiefly TX, Lower Missip Valley (MAP)

nigger heaven n 1 • chiefly Nth, Plains States, Rocky Mts, CA (MAP)

nigger navel n • chiefly Lower Missip Valley (MAP)

nigger town n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) nigh horse n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes

(MAP)night crawler n • widespread exc Sth (MAP) night glass n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) night-hunting vbl n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)night pasture n • scattered, but esp eGt

Lakes, Upstate NY (MAP) night walker n 1 • chiefly NEast (MAP) ninny n2 • chiefly Sth (MAP) nippity-tuck adv, adj • chiefly S Midi

(MAP)nit fly n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp KY

(MAP)nix adv 1 • chiefly Nth (MAP) no-account adj • scattered, but chiefly

NEast, N Midi (MAP) no-count adj • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi (MAP)Norski n • chiefly MI, WI, Upper MW,

Pacific NW (MAP) northeaster n • chiefly Atlantic; also Gt

Lakes (MAP) north end of a chicken flying south

n • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) norther n • chiefly TX (MAP) northern n 1 • chiefly MN, WI (MAP) northern bean n • scattered, but esp Sth,

Missip-Ohio Valleys (MAP) northern pike n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes (MAP) northwester n • chiefly Atlantic, Gulf

States, Gt Lakes (MAP)Norway pine n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes,

esp MI, WI, MN (MAP) no-see-um n 1 • chiefly Nth, Pacific (MAP) notch n 1 • chiefly NEast (MAP) notch n 2 • scattered, but less freq NEast,

West (MAP) nut v • scattered, but chiefly Nth, N Midi

(MAP)nut grass n 1 • scattered, but chiefly S Atl,

Gulf States (MAP) oats n pi 1 • chiefly W Midi (MAP) oats bug n 1 • chiefly N Midi (MAP) oceans n pi • scattered, but less freq S Midi,

SW (MAP)October bean n • chiefly sAppalachians, IN

(MAP)of prep Bb • esp Appalachians, Lower

Missip Valley, SW (MAP) of prep C4 • widespread, but esp NEast, eN

Midi (MAP) off adj D2 • scattered, but somewhat more

freq NEast, N Cent (MAP)

off prep C l • widespread, but more freq Sth, Midi (MAP)

offside horse n • scattered, but esp nAppalachians (MAP)

oiled road n • scattered, but chiefly West, NEast (MAP)

Okie n • chiefly Pacific, esp CA (MAP) okra soup n • chiefly SC (MAP)Old Boy n • esp east of Missip R (MAP) old cat n 1 • N Cent, Plains States (MAP) old maid n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) old maid n 4 • widespread, but more freq

Nth, N Midi (MAP)Old Scratch n • chiefly Sth, S Midi; also

NEng (MAP)Ole Ole Olson all in free exclam • chiefly N

Cent, Pacific; also NEast (MAP) on prep B3a • widespread, but more freq

Sth, Midi (MAP and Map Section) on prep B9 • chiefly S and Mid Atl, PA

(MAP)one-eyed cat n 1 • chiefly S Midi, TX

(MAP)one old cat n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)one-sided adj, adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)oniony adj • chiefly NC, VA (MAP and Map

Section)oodlins n pi • S Midi, esp KY, TN (MAP) oo-wee exclam • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) oozy adj • Nth, N Midi (MAP) open-and-shut adj • chiefly N Atl (MAP) open peach n • chiefly sAppalachians, Mid

Atl (MAP) orchard grass n • chiefly Nth, Midi, esp S

Midi (MAP) ornery adj B4 • esp MO (MAP)Osage orange n • widespread exc S Atl,

Inland Sth, Gulf States (MAP) out adj D2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) out n F2a • scattered exc NEast, C Atl

(MAP)out n F2b • scattered, but less freq NEng,

Sth (MAP) oven n 2 • chiefly NEast, OH, MI, CA

(MAP)over exclam F • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) overseer n 2 • formerly chiefly NEast; now

scattered, but less freq N Cent, NEast (MAP)

owly adj • chiefly Upper MW, Gt Lakes (MAP)

Marylandjag n2 Id • esp MD, VA kitty n 3 • esp KY, MD, VA (MAP) maniportia n • chiefly MD (MAP) Maryland beaten biscuit n • chiefly MD mom-mom n • PA, NJ, DE, MD (MAP) moonack n 1 • esp MD, VA mung you (all) pron • DE, MD nigger lice n • MD

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ctober 2022

41 Middle Atlantic

Maryland, Baltimoremoving night n • esp Baltimore MD

Massachusettsjagasee n • MA jeekers intj • esp MA joe flogger n • coastal MA, ME joe rocker n • seMA kittly-bender n • esp MA, PA lightship basket n • seMA linnet n 2 • NEng, esp MA lobster roll n • esp ME, MA longlick n • esp MA mayflower n 5 • esp MA medrick n • ME, MA milk shake n 1 • esp MA, RI minnow n A5 • esp eMA, VA mountain day n • MA mourning bird n • MA old-maid’s-pink n 1 • scattered, but esp

MA

Massachusetts, Nantucketoff-island adv, adj • chiefly Nantucket MA off-islander n • NEng, esp Nantucket MA

men See male

Menomineemechameck n • [..cf Shawnee mak-,

Menominee mc-c big (in reference to the large root)]

metanalysislightwood n 1 • lightern is prob a result of

metanalysis of the comb lighter knot (MAP)

Madam’s off-ox n • [By metanalysis of from Adam \s..]

nagent n • [By metanalysis..] naggie n • [By metanalysis..] noration n • [Prob by metanalysis of an

oration..]nother pron, adj3 • [By metanalysis of an

other..]nugget n • [Perh by metanalysis of an agate] oblige n • Also, prob by metanalysis, blige

metathesis; metathetic (See also reversed compound)

iron n, v, adj (prone) • occas by metath I'airanl

jassack n • [jas(s)ack by metath] (MAP) jomo n • [By metath from mojo n] kitchen n2 • [Perh <..kinch,by metath from

pi ['kincoz] to ['kicanz]..] lantern n • Also, by metath, lantrun, lattren larnyx n • [By metath from larynx] lectren n • [Metath for lectern..] modern adj (prone) • also, by metath,

I'madranl

Mexican Spanish See Spanish, Mexican

Michiganjumper n 7c • wNEng, nNY, MI Juneberry n 1 • chiefly MI, MN, WI; also

PA (MAP) lawyer n B4 • esp MI, MN, WI (MAP) leeky adj • MI, WIlobber v • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp


long john n 2 • scattered, but chiefly Upper Missip Valley, Upper MW, Plains States, MI (MAP)

lunch roll n • chiefly MI Mackinaw boat n • now esp MI menominee n • chiefly MI, MN, WI moor hen n 1 • esp MI, Upper Missip

ValleyNorski n • chiefly MI, WI, Upper MW,

Pacific NW (MAP)Norway pine n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes,


MIoven n 2 • chiefly NEast, OH, MI, CA

(MAP)

middle-agedicky adj • esp freq among young and mid

aged speakers and among women (MAP)

Middle Atlanticissue n B1 • Mid Atl, esp VA Jack-in-the-bush n 2 • esp Mid and S Atl Joe-Pye weed n 1 • chiefly NEast, Mid Atl

(MAP)johnny house n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp

Mid and S Atl (MAP) joint grass n 1 • scattered, but esp Mid and

S Atljumping mullet n 1 • chiefly Mid Atl, esp

NCjuniper n 2b • Sth, esp Mid Atl keeler n • chiefly NEast, Mid Atl *kitchen broom n • scattered, but less freq

C and Mid Atl, SE (MAP)*kraut n 2 • widespread, but less freq Mid

and S Atl, Lower Missip Valley (MAP) last-go-trade n • chiefly Mid and S Atl, WV

(MAP)level n • chiefly Mid and S Atl (MAP) liver pudding n • chiefly S and Mid Atl

(MAP) loblolly n la • esp Mid Atl love child n • scattered, but more freq

NEast, N Cent, Mid Atl (MAP) low ground(s) n • chiefly Mid Atl (MAP) low-test adj • chiefly NEast, Mid Atl, N

Cent (MAP) lull v • chiefly Mid and S Atl, nNEng macadam n 1 • widespread, but chiefly

NEast, Mid Atl, N Cent (MAP) mason wasp n • chiefly Mid Atl,

sAppalachians (MAP)

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ctober 2022

Midland 42

maw n 1 1 • chiefly Gulf States, Mid and S Atl mesh n1, v (prone) • chiefly Mid Atl Molly Bright n • Mid and S Atl necessary n • scattered, but chiefly NEng,

Mid and C Atl nigger pine n 1 • chiefly C and Mid Atl,

sAppalachians Old Christmas n • chiefly Mid Atl, S Midi oldwife n la • chiefly Mid Atl on prep B9 • chiefly S and Mid Atl, PA

(MAP)open peach n • chiefly sAppalachians, Mid

Atl (MAP) out adv, v, adj, prep, n, exclam (prone) •

chiefly nNEng, nNY, Mid Atl, esp eVA

Midland (See also North Midland; South Midland; West Midland)Indian cigar n • chiefly Midi, Gt Lakes

(MAP)jack n1 14 • chiefly Sth, Midi jacket n 1 • chiefly Midi jack-o’-lantern n 1 • chiefly Sth, Midi

(MAP)Jacks, by intj • esp Midi jag n2 lc • chiefly Midi, esp sAppalachians jimson weed n • chiefly Sth, Midi (MAP) Job’s turkey n 1 • widespread, but more

freq Sth, Midi (MAP) keep v B3 • scattered, but esp Sth, Midi

(MAP)kernel n 3 • widespread, but more freq Midi

(MAP)knot n1 3 • chiefly Sth, Midi, Cent (MAP) kraut n 1 • chiefly Midi (MAP) land frog n • chiefly Midi, C Atl (MAP) lay out v phr 1 • chiefly Midi, Sth lettuce bird n • chiefly Midi (MAP) level full adj phr • scattered, but esp Sth,

Midi (MAP) lie v1 3 • esp NEast, Midi (MAP) lief adv • chiefly NEast, Midi lift v lb(2) • esp Midi -like suff • chiefly Midi, Sth limberneck n • chiefly Sth, Midi (MAP) linn n 1 • chiefly Midi (MAP) loafing barn n • scattered, but chiefly Inland

Nth, Midi (MAP) male adj • widespread, but chiefly Sth, Midi

(MAP)mash v 1 1 • widespread, but chiefly Sth,

Midi; also West (MAP) mayflower n 7 • chiefly Nth, Midi median (strip) n lc • chiefly Midi (MAP) mess up v phr 1 • chiefly Sth, Midi (MAP) metheglin n • chiefly Nth, Midi mile n B • chiefly Sth, Midi mince v • widespread, but more freq Sth,

Midi (MAP) mincemeat n • chiefly Midi (MAP) mind v C2 • esp Sth, Midi mitt n 2 • chiefly Nth, Midi, West (MAP) most time(s) adv phr • esp Sth, Midi (MAP) mud dauber n 1 • chiefly Midi, West (MAP

and Map Section)

mud duck n 1 • chiefly Midi, N Cent (MAP) mushroom n (prone) • chiefly NEast, Midi,

N Cent (MAP) mussel n 2 • chiefly Midi, Gulf States nearside horse n • chiefly Midi (MAP) need v 2 • chiefly Midi, esp PA news bee n • chiefly Midi nigger n 1 B11 • scattered, but chiefly Midi,

Gulf States, TX (MAP) off prep C 1 • widespread, but more freq Sth,

Midi (MAP) oil n 1, v (prone) • chiefly Midi on prep, adv (prone) • chiefly Sth, Midi,

eNEngon prep B3a • widespread, but more freq

Sth, Midi (MAP and Map Section) orchard grass n • chiefly Nth, Midi, esp S

Midi (MAP) out prep E • chiefly Sth, Midi; also NEast

(MAP)outen prep1 • chiefly Sth, Midi over n El • chiefly Sth, Midi

Midwest, Upper See Upper Midwest

minced form; minced oath; minced phrase See euphemism

Minnesotaish intj • esp MN, WI ishy adj • esp MN, WI jackpine savage n • esp MN, WI julebukk n • WI, MN, ND in Norw

settlement areas Juneberry n 1 • chiefly MI, MN, WI; also

PA (MAP) kittenball n • IA, MN, WI krumkake n • chiefly MN, WI lawyer n B4 • esp MI, MN, WI (MAP) lefse n • Norw settlement areas, esp MN,

WIlimpa n • chiefly IL, MN, ND, WI menominee n • chiefly MI, MN, WI minnow n B2e • esp MN, WI mousie n 1 • esp WI, MN muskeg n • chiefly AK, MN northern n 1 • chiefly MN, WI (MAP) Norway pine n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes,

esp MI, WI, MN (MAP) ostkaka n • esp MN

Mississippijimplecute n 2 • esp AR, MS, MO, TX jimpsecute n • MS, SW, esp TX kaiser blade n • chiefly Lower Missip

Valley, esp MS (MAP) limit n • MS♦median (strip) n la • widespread exc

Pacific, Rocky Mts, LA, MS (MAP) neutral ground n • chiefly LA, sMS (MAP)

Mississippi-Ohio Valleysjohnboat n 1 • chiefly Missip-Ohio Valleys

(MAP)Mississippi cat n • Missip-Ohio Valleys

Dow


ctober 2022

43 Mormons

muckle-dun adj 1 • scattered, but esp Missip-Ohio Valleys

mud cat n la • chiefly Missip-Ohio Valleys, Gulf States

northern bean n • scattered, but esp Sth, Missip-Ohio Valleys (MAP)

Mississippi River, east ofletter n 2 • chiefly east of Missip R (MAP) little Sally Water(s) n • chiefly east of

Missip R, esp PA (MAP) marketing n 1 • scattered, but esp east of

Missip R (MAP) mountain oak n a • east of Missip R muck n1 la • chiefly east of Missip R (MAP) Old Boy n • esp east of Missip R (MAP) outlander n • chiefly east of Missip R

(MAP)

Mississippi River, west of Indian breadroot n • chiefly west of Missip R king’s ex exclam, n • chiefly west of Missip


Mississippi ValleyJew’s harp n B3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

Missip Valley, West jug v 1 • chiefly Missip Valley jug fishing vbl n • chiefly Missip Valley

(MAP)knickknack n 1 • esp Sth, Missip Valley

(MAP)lag line n • chiefly West, Missip Valley, sNJ

(MAP)levee n 1 la • chiefly Missip Valley, esp LA levee n 1 lb • chiefly Missip Valley marble eye n 1 • scattered, but esp Sth, S

Midi, Missip Valley (MAP) mosquito hawk n 2a • chiefly Sth, but


mud puppy n b • chiefly Missip Valley niggerhead n 4 • chiefly Missip Valley

Mississippi Valley, Lowerin prep B7 • scattered, but chiefly S Atl,

Lower Missip Valley (MAP) joe darter n 1 • esp Gulf States, Lower

Missip Valley (MAP) kaiser blade n • chiefly Lower Missip

Valley, esp MS (MAP) kiln n • esp C Atl, Lower Missip Valley

(MAP)*kraut n 2 • widespread, but less freq Mid

and S Atl, Lower Missip Valley (MAP) loan v A1 • esp Lower Missip Valley loggerhead n 5b • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States,

Lower Missip Valley (MAP) log wagon n 1 • scattered, but esp Lower

Missip Valley, Ohio Valley, C Atl (MAP)

mantelboard n • esp TX, Lower Missip Valley (MAP)

maypop n 1 • chiefly SE, Lower Missip Valley

nettle rash n • chiefly SE, Lower Missip Valley, TX (MAP)

net wire n • scattered, but chiefly Lower Missip Valley, TX (MAP)

niggerhead n 3b • chiefly TX, Lower Missip Valley (MAP)

nigger navel n • chiefly Lower Missip Valley (MAP)

of prep Bb • esp Appalachians, Lower Missip Valley, SW (MAP)

Mississippi Valley, Upperjohnny darter n • chiefly Upper Missip

Valleyklatch n • scattered, but chiefly Upper

Missip Valley, Gt Lakes (MAP) liver sausage n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upper

Missip Valley (MAP) long john n 2 • scattered, but chiefly Upper


lug n 1 1 • chiefly Upper Missip Valley, West (MAP)

machine shed n • widespread, but esp freq Plains States, Upper Missip Valley (MAP)

maintainer n • chiefly Upper Missip Valley, esp IA, MO (MAP)

mapleleaf n • Upper Missip Valley mooneye n 1 • esp Upper Missip Valley moor hen n 1 • esp MI, Upper Missip

Valleymorel n2 • chiefly N Cent, Upper Missip

Valley (MAP)Mormon fly n • Upper Missip Valley mud darter n • chiefly Upper Missip

Valleymug-up n • scattered, but esp N Atl, Upper

Missip Valley, AK mule n 1 4 • Upper Missip Valley netting (wire) n • chiefly Upper Missip

Valley, West (MAP) oyster n B2 • chiefly Upper Missip Valley

Missourijimplecute n 2 • esp AR, MS, MO, TX leaky roof n • esp MO maintainer n • chiefly Upper Missip Valley,

esp IA, MO (MAP) ornery adj B4 • esp MO (MAP) outer road n • MO, AR

Montanajerky n1 • chiefly MT lamb licker n • chiefly MT

Mormonsmutual n • among Mormons

Dow


ctober 2022

NNahuatl

jacal n • [MexSpan < Nahuatl xacalli hut] mescal n • [MexSpan mezcal..< Nahuatl

mexcalli..]mesquite n • [MexSpan mezquite < Nahuatl

mizquitl]metate n • [MexSpan < Nahuatl metatl\ nopal n • [MexSpan nopalli, ult < Nahuatl..] ocote n • [MexSpan < Nahuatl ocotl torch]

Nantucket See Massachusetts, Nantucket

Narragansetnocake n • [Narraganset nokehick parched

corn meal]

Navahoowl’s claws n • [Caique of the Navaho

name..]

Nebraskaoil mat (road) n • esp NE

Nevadamescrew n 1 • esp NV miner’s consumption n • chiefly West, esp

CA, NV, CO (MAP)

New Englandice-out n • chiefly NEng idea n 1 (prone) • scattered, but esp NEng,

NYidea n 2 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi; also

NEngimpetigo n (prone) • chiefly NEng Indian n B la • chiefly NEng Indiana n 1 (prone) • NEng, S Midi Indian bannock n • chiefly eNEng, esp ME,

NHIndian bread n 1 • esp NEng, NY Indian meal n • esp NEng Indian pudding n • chiefly NEng (MAP) Indian shutter n • NEng innocence n 1 • chiefly NEng intervale n • chiefly NEng iron bar n • chiefly NEng ♦ivory n 1 la • scattered, but less freq Sth,

nNEng (MAP) ivory plum n • chiefly NEng ivy n 4 • chiefly Appalachians, sNEng ♦jerkwater adj 1 • scattered exc NEng;

infreq Sth, Inland Sth (MAP) jick n • sNEng jigger n1 1 • coastal NEng jigger n1 2 • esp NEng

John’s-wort n • NEng jolly boy n • NEng jumper n 7c • wNEng, nNY, MI June pink n • esp NEng junk n 1 • chiefly NEng, esp ME junket n • NEng kedge v, n • NEng kedgeree n • chiefly NEng keel up v phr • esp coastal NEng keeping room n • chiefly NEng kennebunker n • NEng, esp ME kid n 1 • chiefly NEng killick n • chiefly NEng kinky adj • esp nNEng kit n 2c • chiefly Sth, S Midi; also NEng kitchen chamber n • NEast, esp NEng kittering adv, adj • scattered, but esp NY,

NEngkitty-corner adv, adj 2 • esp NEng kivver n • chiefly NEng know v D 1 • NEng knurl n • scattered, but esp NEng ladies’ delight n • NEng lady’s eardrop n 2 • NEng lambkill n • scattered, but esp NEng lamper eel n 1 • chiefly NEng, Gt Lakes landlocked salmon n 1 • NEast, esp NEng landside plow n • esp NEng, TN, KY last of pea-time(s) n • esp Sth, S Midi,

NEnglast run of shad n • chiefly NEast, esp

NEnglaugh n, v (prone) • esp NEng leaf peeper n • NEng, esp VT lean v B3 • NEng lean-to n (prone) • chiefly NEng leather apron n • NEng, Upstate NY lee set n • NEng♦let on v phr • widespread exc NEng (MAP) levee n2 • chiefly NEng licorice n (prone) • chiefly S Midi, nNEng

(MAP)lief adv (prone) • esp NEng like v 1 C l • NEng, Sth, S Midi likely adj 2 • NEng limb v 1 • chiefly NEng, West ♦line n 1 1 • widespread, but less freq NEng

(MAP)line storm n • chiefly NEng linnet n 2 • NEng, esp MA loafer rake n • NEng loam n (prone) • esp nNEng lobscouse n 1 • chiefly NEng lobster n (prone) • esp NEng London pride n 1 • NEng

Dow


ctober 2022

45 Newfoundland

lord and lady n 1 • chiefly NEng lot v 1 • chiefly NEnglower v 1 • chiefly NEng, Upstate NY (MAP) lubber n • chiefly Nth, esp NEng lull v • chiefly Mid and S Atl, nNEng lumper n • esp NEng mackerel gull n 2 • chiefly NEng Mackinaw n 3 • esp NEng Mainiac n • esp NEng malahack v • scattered, but esp NEng malassada n • HI, seNEng manavelins n pi 1 • esp eNEng manteltree n • esp NEng marbleheader n • NEng March meeting n • NEng March peeper n • NEng Marlborough pie n • esp NEng marlinspike n 1 • chiefly NEng marsh quail n • NEng Mary n (prone) • esp Sth, NEng master n (prone) • chiefly NEng, Sth master hand n • chiefly NEng, S Midi mast pine n • nNEng matter n 1, v (prone) • chiefly NEng, Sth matterate v • chiefly NEng, Upstate NY

(MAP)May breakfast n • NEng May whitewing n • esp NEng meadow n (prone) • chiefly sAppalachians,

Ozarks, occas NEng meadow n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

NEng meal v • esp NEng mealer n • esp NEng ♦measuring worm n • widespread exc

NEng, West (MAP) meatbird n 1 • chiefly NEng meat pie n • NEng meech v 1 • chiefly NEng meeching ppl adj • chiefly NEng meeting seed n • chiefly NEng mending hand, on the adj phr • esp NEng mesh n1, v (prone) • chiefly NEng, Sth, S

Midimess n i b * esp NEngmidget n 1 • NEast, esp NEngmile n • Pronc-spp chiefly Sth, S Midi,

NEng mild milk room n • scattered, but chiefly NEng,

Sth, S Midi (MAP) minister’s face n 1 • esp NEng, S Atl molasses n (prone) • esp NEng, Sth money cat n • chiefly NEng, esp ME (MAP) money musk n • chiefly NEng money shower n • esp NEng mooncurser n • NEng moonglade n • esp NEng mooseberry n • Nth, esp NEng moose maple n • chiefly NEng moosewood n 3 • scattered, but esp NEng moral law n • nNEng mortal adv • esp sAppalachians, NEng mow away v phr • chiefly NEng, NY, Gt

Lakes (MAP)

mowing n attrib • chiefly NEng (MAP)mud time n • NEngmulberry n • NEngmum n 1 • chiefly NEng, wPA (MAP)mummichog n • sNEng, Long Islandmump v • NEngmusicianer n • chiefly S Midi, formerly also

NEngmusquash n • chiefly C and N Atl, esp

NEng mux n1 • esp NEng nailsick adj • NEngnaked bed, (sick) in one’s adj phr • NEng *nanny n1 • scattered exc nNEng, Upper

MW, Cent (MAP)Nantucket sleighride n • chiefly NEng nappy n 1 • chiefly NEng (MAP) narrow adj, v, n B1 • chiefly NEng national adj (prone) • NEng, NY neap n1 • chiefly NEng, Upstate NY (MAP) necessary n • scattered, but chiefly NEng,

Mid and C Atl netop n • NEng, nNY new-milch adj • chiefly NEng (MAP) nicely adj • chiefly NEng nigh adj C3 • esp NEng nimshi n • chiefly NEng nipper n 2 • NEng nocake n • NEng noon mark n • esp NEng northwest adv, adj, n (prone) • NEng notional adj 2 • chiefly Nth, esp NEng numb adj • chiefly NEng number plate n • NEng nutcake n • chiefly NEng offish adj 1 • chiefly S Midi, NEng off-islander n • NEng, esp Nantucket MA off soundings adv phr • chiefly NEng oil n 1, v (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi, NEng oil nut n 1 • chiefly NEng old-field birch n • chiefly NEng Old Home Day n • esp NEng, NY Old Scratch n • chiefly Sth, S Midi; also

NEng (MAP) on prep, adv (prone) • chiefly Sth, Midi,

eNEngon prep B 1 • chiefly NEng, Sth, S Midi ort n • chiefly NEng ourn pron • chiefly Sth, S Midi, NEng out adv, v, adj, prep, n, exclam (prone) •

chiefly nNEng, nNY, Mid Atl, esp eVA out adv, v, adj, prep, n, exclam (prone) •

chiefly Upstate NY, wNEng ♦out n F2b • scattered, but less freq NEng,

Sth (MAP) outlandish adj • esp NEng overseer n 1 • chiefly NEng own adj 1 • chiefly NEng, S Midi ownty do(w)nty n, adj phr • esp NEng

Newfoundland; Dictionary of Newfoundland Englishice bird n • Cf DNE ice candle n • Cf..DNE

Dow


ctober 2022

New Hampshire 46

jack mosquito n • [Cf Nfld, Engl dial jacky longlegs crane fly]

junky adj • Cf DNE, DJE, SND killick n • Cf DNE (and suppl) lant n • [..DNE 1620 -►] lead n 1 • [..DNE lead n2 2 “an animal trail”] lose v A1 • Cf DNE (at lose v)

New HampshireIndian bannock n • chiefly eNEng, esp ME,

NHkillhag n • ME, NH larbo n • NH minge n • esp ME, NH

New JerseyJabib n • NJ, sePA jack n1 13a • NJjagger wagon n • esp NJ and adjoining areas Jersey devil n • NJJewish pickle n • esp PA, NJ, NY (MAP) jug handle n 1 • esp NJ king turtle n • esp NJkip n • chiefly NJ, NY kiskitomas n • chiefly NY, NJ laggy adj • esp nNJlag line n • chiefly West, Missip Valley, sNJ

(MAP)lay low sheepie n • esp PA, NJ (MAP) leader n 3 • chiefly NY, NJ (MAP)Leeds devil n • NJletter n 3 • Dutch settlement areas, esp NJ,

IAlimber lead n • NJLucy Bowles n • scattered, but esp PA, NJ,

seNY (MAP) marrowfat (bean) n • chiefly nNJ, NY, PA

(MAP)marsh sparrow n 1 • chiefly NJ mayflower n 2 • esp NY, NJ May pink n 1 • esp NJ me adj b • esp NJ, ePA median (strip) n lb • chiefly PA, sNJ; also

HI (MAP) mischief night n • esp NJ, sePA mom-mom n • PA, NJ, DE, MD (MAP) monkey n1 B3 • sePA, sNJ (MAP)Moor n • chiefly cDE, sNJ mossbunker n • esp NJ, NY mow hole n • esp Appalachians, PA, NJ

(MAP)mud gutter n • NYC, NJ, PA mud shad n 2 • NJmud swallow n • chiefly West; also PA, NY,

NJ (MAP) nauseous adj • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp

NYC, NJ, PA (MAP) on prep B 11 • chiefly NYC, nNJ

New Mexicoluminaria n 1 • chiefly NM luminaria n 2 • orig NM, now more

widespread majordomo n 2 • esp NM

morral n • SW, esp NM, wTX mountain laurel n 5 • chiefly TX, NM

New Orleans See Louisiana, New Orleans

New Yorkidea n 1 (prone) • scattered, but esp NEng,

NYIndian bread n 1 • esp NEng, NY Jackson ball n • esp NY jack wax n 1 • esp NY jeezum crow intj • VT, nNY Jewish pickle n • esp PA, NJ, NY (MAP) jumper n 7c • wNEng, nNY, MI kill n 1 • esp NY, in Du settlement areas killifish n 1 • chiefly seNY (MAP) kimmelweck n • wNY, esp Buffalo kip n • chiefly NJ, NY esp in Dutch

settlement areas kiskitomas n • chiefly NY, NJ kittering adv, adj • scattered, but esp NY,

NEngLafayette n 1 • esp NYleader n 3 • chiefly NY, NJ (MAP) long drawers n pi • scattered, but chiefly

SE, C Atl, seNY (MAP) louk n • eNYLucy Bowles n • scattered, but esp PA, NJ,

seNY (MAP) marrowfat (bean) n • chiefly nNJ, NY, PA

(MAP)mayflower n 2 • esp NY, NJ Mick n 3 • NY, esp NYC mossbunker n • esp NJ, NY moving day n • esp NY, PA mow away v phr • chiefly NEng, NY, Gt

Lakes (MAP) mud swallow n • chiefly West; also PA, NY,

NJ (MAP) national adj (prone) • NEng, NY netop n • NEng, nNY nigger baby n 1 • scattered, but chiefly N

Midi, seNY (MAP)Old Home Day n • esp NEng, NY one old cat n 2 • seNY Oswego bass n • chiefly NY Otsego (Lake) bass n • chiefly NY out adv, v, adj, prep, n, exclam (prone) •

chiefly nNEng, nNY, Mid Atl, esp eVA overshot n 2 • esp NY

New York, Buffalokimmelweck n • wNY, esp Buffalo

New York Cityice pop n • esp NYC area I should worry phr • orig NYC Italian ice n • esp NYC area Johnny-on-the-pony n • chiefly NYC king-queen n • NYC learn v (prone) • chiefly NYC, sLA Mardi Gras n 2 • scattered, but esp Gulf

States, NYC Mick n 3 • NY, esp NYC

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ctober 2022

47 North

mocky n 1 • chiefly NYC mud gutter n • NYC, NJ, PA nauseous adj • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp

NYC, NJ, PA (MAP) nebbish n • esp NYC off-the-point n • NYC oil n 1, v (prone) • chiefly NYC on prep B 11 • chiefly NYC, nNJ

New York, Harlemofay n • [..If the word originated in Harlem

c l920 it may be, as has often been asserted, pig Latin for foe.]

New York, Hudson Valleyolykoek n • chiefly Hudson Valley NY

New York, Long Islandmummichog n • sNEng, Long Island

New York, Upstatelake trout n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upstate

NY (MAP) leather apron n • NEng, Upstate NY lobber v • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp


lower v 1 • chiefly NEng, Upstate NY (MAP) mall n 1 • chiefly Upstate NY (MAP) matterate v • chiefly NEng, Upstate NY

(MAP)muley adj, n2 A3 (prone) • chiefly Upstate

NY, nPA, wGt Lakes (MAP) muskellunge n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes, OH,

PA, Upstate NY (MAP) neap n 1 • chiefly NEng, Upstate NY (MAP) night pasture n • scattered, but esp eGt

Lakes, Upstate NY (MAP) out adv, v, adj, prep, n, exclam (prone) •

chiefly Upstate NY, wNEng

North (See also Inland North)ice tag n2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp PA

(MAP)*icing n 1 • widespread, but less freq Nth,

Pacific (MAP and Map Section) icky adj • chiefly Nth, N Midi, Pacific

(MAP)Indian pipe n 1 • chiefly Nth, esp NEast

(MAP)Indian tobacco n 4 • chiefly Nth, esp NEast inkslinger n • Nthinwards n pi (prone) • esp Nth (MAP) jack frost n 1 • widespread, but chiefly Nth,

N Midi (MAP) jag n2 la • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) jag n2 2 • chiefly Nth (MAP) jeez intj • scattered, but chiefly Nth, N Midi

(MAP) jell n • chiefly NthJewish bread n • chiefly Nth, esp NEast

(MAP)jibe v • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) jigger n2 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP)

jiggered, I ’ll be phr • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP)

jill poke n • NthJohn Bull n • chiefly Nth, esp NEast (MAP) johnnycake n 1 • scattered, but chiefly Nth

(MAP)Jonah n B1 • scattered, but esp Nth, N Midi

(MAP)Judas n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp NEast

(MAP)jumper n 7a • Nth, esp NEast (MAP) kaput adj B • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)kettle n (prone) • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP) kettle n B2 • Nthkit n 2b • widespread, but somewhat more

freq Nth, N Midi (MAP) kitchen dance n • chiefly Nth, N Midi kitchen garden n • scattered, but esp Nth, N


(MAP)kittens, have v phr • esp Nth (MAP) kitty-corner adv, adj 1 • chiefly Nth, N

Midi, West (MAP and Map Section) knife n • esp Nth (MAP and Map Section) knob n 2 • scattered, but chiefly Nth (MAP) knob n 3 • scattered, but esp Nth (MAP) *knot n 1 2a • widespread, but less freq Nth

(MAP) knothole n 1 • esp Nth lalapalooza n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi landing n 1 • chiefly Nth larch n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) licking good adj phr • chiefly Nth, esp

NEast (MAP)♦lightning bug n • widespread, but slightly


ling n la • chiefly Nth linnet n 3 • Nth lippy adj • esp Nthlittle mite, a adv phr • chiefly Nth, esp

NEastliverwurst n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)locie n • Nth, esp Pacific NW lodge v • chiefly Nth*loft n 1 • widespread, but less freq Nth, N

Midi, Pacific (MAP) logy adj 1 • scattered, but more freq Nth, N

Midi, West (MAP) long drink of water n • chiefly Nth longies n pi • widespread, but chiefly Nth, N

Midi (MAP and Map Section)Louisiana n (prone) • esp Nth, N Midi low beam n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, C Atl,

West (MAP) lubber n • chiefly Nth, esp NEng lumber wagon n • chiefly Nth, Cent (MAP) lummox n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)lung fever n • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP)

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ctober 2022

North Atlantic 48

ma n A1 (prone) • widespread, but more freq Nth, N Midi (MAP)

macht nichts phr • chiefly Nth mad adj lc • chiefly Nth (MAP) make v 1 C7 • widespread, but more freq

Nth, N Midi (MAP)*mamma n 1 1 • widespread, but less freq

Nth, N Midi (MAP) mammoth adj, n • chiefly Nth (MAP) marry v (prone) • chiefly Nth marsh marigold n • chiefly Nth, N Midi

(MAP)May basket n • scattered, but esp Nth, N

Midi, Plains States (MAP)May beetle n • chiefly Nth mayflower n 7 • chiefly Nth, Midi meadow n (prone) • chiefly Nth, N Midi,

Westmeadow rue n • chiefly Nth meg n 1 • chiefly Nth metheglin n • chiefly Nth, Midi Michaelmas daisy n • chiefly Nth Mick n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp NEast

(MAP)mig n • chiefly Nth, West (MAP) milk train n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)milquetoast n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, CA

(MAP) minnow n A4 • esp Nth mitt n 2 • chiefly Nth, Midi, West (MAP) mitten n • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) mitten v 1 • Nthmoist yeast n • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) monkey v • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) mooseberry n • Nth, esp NEng moosebird n • Nth, esp ME mopboard n • chiefly Nth, West (MAP) mountain ash n 1 • chiefly Nth (MAP) mow n1 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)mow v • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) moxie n 2 • chiefly Nth, esp NEast (MAP) Mrs. n (prone) • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West murphy n • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) mush n2 • esp Nth, West mustard pickle n • chiefly Nth, N Midi,

West (MAP) nana n1 • scattered, but chiefly Nth, esp

NEast (MAP) nauseous adj • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp

NYC, NJ, PA (MAP) near adj C • chiefly Nth, esp NEast needle n 3 • chiefly Nth new adj (prone) • widespread, but esp Nth,

N Midinib n 1 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) nigger heaven n 1 • chiefly Nth, Plains

States, Rocky Mts, CA (MAP) nigger in the fence n • esp Nth nix adv 1 • chiefly Nth (MAP) noogie n • chiefly Nth no-see-um n 1 • chiefly Nth, Pacific (MAP)

notional adj 2 • chiefly Nth, esp NEng nut v • scattered, but chiefly Nth, N Midi

(MAP) off-color adj • esp Nth off ox n • chiefly Nth, esp NEast old maid n 4 • widespread, but more freq

Nth, N Midi (MAP) old maid n 5 • chiefly Nth, N Midi one old cat n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)oozy adj • Nth, N Midi (MAP) open adj B 1 • chiefly Nth orchard grass n • chiefly Nth, Midi, esp S

Midi (MAP) ought v C la • widespread, but chiefly Nth ought v C2b • widespread, but more freq Nth outlaw n 3 • Nth

North Atlantickindling n • esp N and C Atl king n 2 • esp N and C Atl (MAP) ling n 2 • esp N Atl coast littleneck n 1 • chiefly N Atl *lot n lb(2) • widespread, but less freq N

Atl, West (MAP) mixed-breed n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, N Atl

(MAP)mug-up n • scattered, but esp N Atl, Upper

Missip Valley, AK muskmelon n (prone) • widespread, but

more freq Sth, S Midi, N Atl (MAP) musquash n • chiefly C and N Atl, esp

NEngopen-and-shut adj • chiefly N Atl (MAP)

North Carolinajimmy n 3 • Chesapeake Bay, VA and NC

coasts John Canoe n • NC johnny gaugghy n • NC jumping mullet n 1 • chiefly Mid Atl, esp

NCjuniper n 2c • esp NCknee baby n • Sth, S Midi, esp NClaurel n 3 • chiefly sAppalachians, esp NCliver mush n • NC, SC, GA, TNlodging n • chiefly eNC, Delmarvama n A4 (prone) • esp NCmaggot-eater n • NC, VAmake v1 D 11 • esp GA, NCmammock v 3 • esp NCmaninose n • chiefly Delmarva, NCMay pea n • now esp NCmonkey n 1 B4a • SC, NCmuddle n • esp eNCmutton-ham sail n • eNCnullify v • esp eNCon prep BIO • NConiony adj • chiefly NC, VA (MAP and Map

Section)

North Carolina, Outer BanksOld Buck n • Outer Banks NC

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ctober 2022

49 Northeast

North Centralinchworm n • widespread, but esp NEast, N

Cent (MAP) jam v 1 • scattered, but chiefly NEast, N

Cent (MAP and Map Section)John Hancock n • widespread, but more


Johnny Marzetti n • scattered, but esp OH, N Cent

June bug n 3 • esp N Cent junker n • scattered, but chiefly N Cent,

NEast (MAP) kike n • widespread, but more freq NEast, N

Cent, West (MAP) knee-deep n • esp NEast, N Cent (MAP) knick-knock n • esp N Cent knob n 1 • widespread, but more freq N

Cent, Appalachians (MAP)♦knock v 1 • scattered exc N Cent, Upper

MW (MAP) kuchen n • Ger settlement areas, esp N

Cent, PA (MAP) leatherback n 2 • esp N Cent light-fingered adj • scattered, but chiefly

NEast, N Cent (MAP) longear n 1 • chiefly N Cent, West (MAP) love child n • scattered, but more freq

NEast, N Cent, Mid Atl (MAP) low-test adj • chiefly NEast, Mid Atl, N

Cent (MAP) macadam n 1 • widespread, but chiefly

NEast, Mid Atl, N Cent (MAP) mandrake n • chiefly NEast, N Cent (MAP) mantel n • esp NEast, N Cent (MAP)May bug n 1 • esp N Cent (MAP) meat platter n • chiefly N Cent, N Midi, C

Atl (MAP)mib n • scattered, but chiefly N Cent, NEast

(MAP)milk snake n 1 • chiefly NEast, N Cent

(MAP)mister n 1 • scattered, but chiefly N Cent,

PA (MAP) morel n2 • chiefly N Cent, Upper Missip

Valley (MAP) mud duck n 1 • chiefly Midi, N Cent (MAP) mushroom n (prone) • chiefly NEast, Midi,

N Cent (MAP)New England (boiled) dinner n • chiefly

NEast, N Cent (MAP) nib n2 1 • chiefly N Cent, NEast (MAP) nigger v 1 • esp NEast, N Cent off adj D2 • scattered, but somewhat more

freq NEast, N Cent (MAP) old cat n 1 • N Cent, Plains States (MAP) Ole Ole Olson all in free exclam • chiefly N

Cent, Pacific; also NEast (MAP)♦overseer n 2 • formerly chiefly NEast; now

scattered, but less freq N Cent, NEast (MAP) overtown adv, n • chiefly NEast, N Cent oxeye daisy n 2 • chiefly NEast, N Cent,

sAppalachians

North Dakotajulebukk n • WI, MN, ND in Norw

settlement areas limpa n • chiefly IL, MN, ND, WI

Northeastinchworm n • widespread, but esp NEast, N

Cent (MAP)Indian pipe n 1 • chiefly Nth, esp NEast

(MAP)Indian tobacco n 4 • chiefly Nth, esp NEast instead adv (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

NEastinto prep B 1 • chiefly NEast, S Atl Italian pepper n • chiefly NEast (MAP) Italian sandwich n • NEast, esp ME (MAP) ivory n2 • scattered, but more freq Sth, S

Midi, NEast (MAP) ivy n 5 • esp NEastjack v 1 • chiefly NEast (MAP and Map

Section)jacklight v • scattered, but chiefly NEast

(MAP)jam v 1 • scattered, but chiefly NEast, N

Cent (MAP and Map Section) jelly doughnut n • widespread, but esp freq

NEast, S Atl, CA (MAP)Jersey mosquito n 1 • chiefly NEast (MAP) Jerusalem, going to n 1 • scattered, but esp

NEast; infreq West (MAP)Jewish bread n • chiefly Nth, esp NEast (MAP) jimmies n pi2 • esp NEast Joe-Pye weed n 1 • chiefly NEast, Mid Atl

(MAP)John Bull n • chiefly Nth, esp NEast (MAP) John Hancock n • widespread, but more


♦John Henry n 1 • widespread, but less freq NEast, OH (MAP and Map Section)

Judas n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp NEast (MAP)

jugarum n • chiefly NEast (MAP) jumper n 7a • Nth, esp NEast (MAP)June grass n i e « esp NEast, Gt Lakes junker n • scattered, but chiefly N Cent,

NEast (MAP) keeler n • chiefly NEast, Mid Atl keel over v phr • esp NEast keg n, v A1 (prone) • chiefly NEast, S Midi,

Sthkerosene oil n • scattered, but esp SE, NEast

(MAP and Map Section) kettle n (prone) • chiefly S Midi, also NEast

(MAP)kick the stick n • esp NEast kielbasa n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp in

Polish settlement areas kike n • widespread, but more freq NEast, N

Cent, West (MAP) kitchen chamber n • NEast, esp NEng kitten n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp NEast

(MAP)

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ctober 2022

Northeast 50

knee-deep n • esp NEast, N Cent (MAP) lace v 1 • chiefly NEast (MAP) ladies’-tobacco n b • NEast ladies’ tresses n pi • scattered, but chiefly

NEastlamplighter n 1 • chiefly NEast lamplighter n 2 • NEast landlocked salmon n 1 • NEast, esp NEng last run of shad n • chiefly NEast, esp

NEnglaw n1 (prone) • esp NEast law n2, intj • now chiefly Sth, S Midi,

formerly also NEast lay n 1 2a • esp NEast lay out v phr 2b • esp NEast leverwood n 1 • esp NEast licking good adj phr • chiefly Nth, esp

NEast (MAP) lie v1 3 • esp NEast, Midi (MAP) lief adv • chiefly NEast, Midi light-fingered adj • scattered, but chiefly

NEast, n Cent (MAP) lily pad n 1 • formerly chiefly NEast, now

widespread ling n i b « chiefly NEast little mite, a adv phr • chiefly Nth, esp

NEastloam n (prone) • scattered, but more freq

NEastlobber v • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp


log v 1 • esp NEastlollipop n la • widespread, but esp freq

NEast (MAP and Map Section) long clam n 1 • chiefly NEast long jeans n pi • scattered, but esp C Atl,

NEast (MAP) long sled n • esp NEast loo v, n 1 • chiefly NEast, N Midi lop v1 2 • esp NEastlot n 2 • formerly chiefly NEast; now more

widespread love child n • scattered, but more freq

NEast, N Cent, Mid Atl (MAP) low-test adj • chiefly NEast, Mid Atl, N

Cent (MAP) lozenger n • scattered, but chiefly NEast *ma n A2 (prone) • widespread, but less

freq NEast (MAP) macadam n 1 • widespread, but chiefly

NEast, Mid Atl, N Cent (MAP) mackerel sky n • scattered, but chiefly

NEast (MAP) make of v phr • chiefly NEast mandrake n • chiefly NEast, N Cent (MAP) mantel n • esp NEast, N Cent (MAP) maple bush n • esp NEast maple camp n • esp NEast, Gt Lakes maple cream n • esp NEast, Gt Lakes maple honey n • esp NEast maple molasses n • esp NEast maple wax n • esp NEast, Gt Lakes

market-wagon n • esp NEast mauger adj • NEast*mayapple n 1 • widespread exc West; less

freq NEast, Sth (MAP) mayflower n 1 • chiefly NEast mayflower n 3d • chiefly NEast maywings n • esp NEast meadow n B 1 • chiefly NEast meadow hen n 1 • chiefly NEast meadow mole n 1 • esp NEast mean adj 3 • esp NEast meeting n la • chiefly NEast, S Midi mercury n 1 • NEast, esp ME mess n la • chiefly NEast, Sth, S Midi mib n • scattered, but chiefly N Cent, NEast

(MAP)Mick n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp NEast

(MAP) midge n 2 • chiefly NEast midget n 1 • NEast, esp NEng mighty adj • widespread, but more freq Sth,

S Midi, NEast milch cow n • scattered, but chiefly NEast,

Gt Lakes (MAP)*milk cow n • widespread, but less freq

NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP) milking cow n • scattered, but esp NEast

(MAP)milk snake n 1 • chiefly NEast, N Cent (MAP) mince pie n • esp NEast (MAP) mistrust v • esp NEast moccasin flower n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes

(MAP) mog v 1 • chiefly NEast mongrel n (prone) • widespread, but esp

NEast (MAP) moose flower n • NEast Mother Carey’s chicken n 1 • esp NEast moth fly n 1 • esp NEast *mouth harp n 1 • scattered, but less freq

NEast, W Midi (MAP and Map Section) move-up n • esp Ohio Valley, NEast (MAP) moxie n 2 • chiefly Nth, esp NEast (MAP) mud wasp n • chiefly NEast; also Inland


*mumblety-peg n 2 • widespread, but less freq NEast, C Atl (MAP)

mushroom n (prone) • chiefly NEast, Midi, N Cent (MAP)

musky adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi; scattered NEast (MAP)

mux v • esp NEast nail n 1 • esp NEast nana n 1 • scattered, but chiefly Nth, esp

NEast (MAP) nape n (prone) • esp NEast, Sth, S Midi narrow adj, v, n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S

Midi, less freq NEast nasty-neat adj • scattered, but esp NEast

(MAP)*nasty-nice adj • scattered, but less freq

NEast (MAP)

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ctober 2022

51 North Midland

nature n (prone) • chiefly NEast, S Midi nauseated ppl adj (prone) • esp NEast *navy bean n • widespread, but less freq

NEast (MAP) near adj C • chiefly Nth, esp NEast nerved up adj phr • chiefly NEast (MAP) New England (boiled) dinner n • chiefly

NEast, N Cent (MAP) nib n2 1 • chiefly N Cent, NEast (MAP) *nicker n 1, v • widespread exc NEast, Gt


nigger v 1 • esp NEast, N Cent nigh horse n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes

(MAP)night walker n 1 • chiefly NEast (MAP) nipsy n • chiefly NEast no-account adj • scattered, but chiefly

NEast, N Midi (MAP) nodding lily n • esp NEast noddy n 3 • NEast none pron (prone) • esp NEast Norway pine n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes,

esp MI, WI, MN (MAP) notch n 1 • chiefly NEast (MAP)*notch n 2 • scattered, but less freq NEast,

West (MAP) o-be-joyful n • scattered, but esp NEast of prep Bh • chiefly Sth, S Midi, NEast of prep C2 • chiefly NEast of prep C4 • widespread, but esp NEast, eN

Midi (MAP) off adj D2 • scattered, but somewhat more

freq NEast, N Cent (MAP) off ox n • chiefly Nth, esp NEast oiled road n • scattered, but chiefly West,

NEast (MAP) oil of hazel n • esp NEast Ole Ole Olson all in free exclam • chiefly N

Cent, Pacific; also NEast (MAP)*out n F2a • scattered exc NEast, C Atl

(MAP) out n F3 • chiefly NEast out prep E • chiefly Sth, Midi; also NEast

(MAP)oven n 2 • chiefly NEast, OH, MI, CA

(MAP)*overseer n 2 • formerly chiefly NEast; now

scattered, but less freq N Cent, NEast (MAP)

overstreet adv • chiefly NEast overtown adv, n • chiefly NEast, N Cent oxeye daisy n 2 • chiefly NEast, N Cent,

sAppalachians

North Midlandice-cream social n • scattered, but chiefly

Inland Nth, N Midi (MAP) ice tag n2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp PA

(MAP)icky adj • chiefly Nth, N Midi, Pacific

(MAP) jack n2 2a • esp N Midi

jack n2 2b • esp N Midi (MAP) jack frost n 1 • widespread, but chiefly Nth,

N Midi (MAP) jag n2 la • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) jeez intj • scattered, but chiefly Nth, N Midi

(MAP)jibe v • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) jigger n2 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) jiggered, I ’ll be phr • chiefly Nth, N Midi,

West (MAP)Jonah n B 1 • scattered, but esp Nth, N Midi

(MAP)Judas n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp NEast

(MAP)kaput adj B • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)kettle n (prone) • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)kit n 2b • widespread, but somewhat more

freq Nth, N Midi (MAP) kitchen dance n • chiefly Nth, N Midi kitchen garden n • scattered, but esp Nth, N


(MAP)kitty-corner adv, adj 1 • chiefly Nth, N

Midi, West (MAP and Map Section) lalapalooza n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi land turtle n • scattered, but chiefly N Midi,

C Atl (MAP) larch n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) last dog is hung, until the adv phr • esp

Inland Nth, N Midi liverwurst n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)*loft n 1 • widespread, but less freq Nth, N

Midi, Pacific (MAP) loggerhead n 3 • chiefly Inland Nth, N Midi,

C Atl (MAP) logy adj 1 • scattered, but more freq Nth, N

Midi, West (MAP) longies n pi • widespread, but chiefly Nth, N

Midi (MAP and Map Section) loo v, n 1 • chiefly NEast, N Midi Louisiana n (prone) • esp Nth, N Midi low beam n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, C Atl,

West (MAP) lummox n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)lung fever n • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) ma n A1 (prone) • widespread, but more

freq Nth, N Midi (MAP) mackerel-snapper n • esp Inland Nth, N

Midi, West (MAP) make v1 C7 • widespread, but more freq

Nth, N Midi (MAP)*mamma n’ 1 • widespread, but less freq

Nth, N Midi (MAP) marsh marigold n • chiefly Nth, N Midi

(MAP)May basket n • scattered, but esp Nth, N

Midi, Plains States (MAP) meadow n (prone) • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

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ctober 2022

Northwest 52

meat platter n • chiefly N Cent, N Midi, C Atl (MAP)

Mick n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp NEast (MAP)

milk train n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP)

milquetoast n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, CA (MAP)

minnow n A3 • chiefly N Midi, Inland Nth (MAP)

mitten n • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) moist yeast n • chiefly Nth, N Midi

(MAP)monkey v • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) mow n1 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)mow v • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP)Mrs, n (pronc) • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West mud hen n lb • widespread, but more freq

Inland Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) mud wasp n • chiefly NEast; also Inland


mumblety-peg n 3 • scattered, but esp Inland Nth, N Midi (MAP)

murphy n • chiefly Nth, N Midi (MAP) mustard pickle n • chiefly Nth, N Midi,

West (MAP) nauseous adj • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp

NYC, NJ, PA (MAP) new adj (pronc) • widespread, but esp Nth,

N Midinib n 1 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) nibby adj • esp N Midi nigger baby n 1 • scattered, but chiefly N

Midi, seNY (MAP) no-account adj • scattered, but chiefly

NEast, N Midi (MAP) nut v • scattered, but chiefly Nth, N Midi

(MAP)oats bug n 1 • chiefly N Midi (MAP)

of prep C4 • widespread, but esp NEast, eN Midi (MAP)

old maid n 4 • widespread, but more freq Nth, N Midi (MAP)

old maid n 5 • chiefly Nth, N Midi one old cat n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)oozy adj • Nth, N Midi (MAP)

Northwest (See also Pacific Northwest) Indian basket grass n • NW jack fence n • esp NW Jim Hill mustard n • NW jockey box n • chiefly NW kokanee (salmon) n • West, esp AK, NW,

Rocky Mts little redfish n • NW, AK moccasin telegraph n • chiefly NW Molly Hogan n • NW muck-a-muck n 1 • chiefly NW, AK overshot adj • esp NW, Rocky Mts

Norwegianish intj • [Norw isj, Dan, Sw isch] julebukk n • WI, MN, ND in Norw

settlement areas julekake n • [..cf Norw julekake bread

containing raisins, citron, cardamom, etc] kram n • [..Norw kram junk, trifles] krumkake n • [Norw krumkake..] lefse n • Norw settlement areas, esp MN, WI lodde n • [Norw]lutefisk n • [Norw lutefisk; Sw lutfisk; Dan


mager..]mom-mom n • [Cf Sw, Norw mormor

maternal grandmother] (MAP)Norski n • chiefly in Norwegian settlement

areasostkaka n • [Sw ostkaka, Norw ostekake]

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ctober 2022

oobsolete (See also archaic)

Indian n B la • Note: Except in the attrib use.., this sense appears to be virtually obs.

Indian bitter n 1 • obs Indian hemp n 4 • obs indigo weed n 1 • obs in-ty adv • obs jack n 1 11 • obs jack n 1 12 • obs jacksnipe n 2 • obs jigger n 1 1 • obs jiggumbob n • obs jimpsecute n • obs john constant n • obs jumper n 9 • obs kid n 1 a • obs killhag n • obs kiskitomas n • prob obs knotweed n 2 • obs laughing jackass n • obs lavish n 2 • obslead horse n • obsolete terminology lick n 3 • ?obs line tree n2 • obs long sauce n • obs magofer n • obs maize bird n • obs maize thief n • obs mamma n 1 2 • obs master n • chiefly Sth, among Black

speakers, obs, mars(e), mass(a) master n • chiefly S Atl coast, among Black

speakers, obs, maus(sa), mossa maybird n 1 • obs meat pie n • obs mock orange n le • obs mole n 1 2 • obs mossyback n 2 • obs mountain cat n 1 • prob obs mud devil n • obs mustang persimmon n • obs oldermost adj • arch or obs

offensivejig n 1 3 • usu considered offensive jigaboo n • usu considered offensive

Ohio*John Henry n 1 • widespread, but less freq

NEast, OH (MAP and Map Section) Johnny Marzetti n • scattered, but esp OH,

N Centmud boat n 1 • chiefly OH, IN, sIL (MAP) muskellunge n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes, OH,

PA, Upstate NY (MAP)

oven n 2 • chiefly NEast, OH, MI, CA (MAP)

Ohio Valleyjoeboat n • chiefly Ohio Valley, esp KY

(MAP)king’s ex exclam, n • chiefly west of Missip


log wagon n 1 • scattered, but esp Lower Missip Valley, Ohio Valley, C Atl (MAP)

mouse cat n • esp Ohio Valley, Gulf States (MAP)

move-up n • esp Ohio Valley, NEast (MAP)

Ojibwaymuskeg n • [CanEngl < Algonquian

(Ojibway mashkig, Cree mashkek)]

Okefenokee See Georgia, Okefenokee

OklahomaJuneteenth n • chiefly OK, TX larruping adj 1 • esp W Midi, TX, OK

(MAP)lick n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, TX, OK

(MAP)light bread n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, OK, TX

(MAP)Mexican sandburr n • chiefly KS, OK Mexico n • OKMissouri primrose n • esp TX, OK mustang grape n • chiefly TX, OK

old; oldermongrel n (prone) • esp freq among old Infs

and those with little formal educ (MAP) okra n (prone) • esp freq among older

speakers and among speakers with little formal educ

old-fashioned (See also archaic) ice-cream candy n • somewhat old-fash ice-cream festival n • somewhat old-fash icy mitt n • somewhat old-fash if so be conj • old-fash in prep B2 • somewhat old-fash Indian bannock n • old-fash Indian hug n • old-fash Indian pudding n • old-fash (MAP) infare n 1 • old-fash in flew endways n • old-fash Irish fight n • somewhat old-fash iron dishcloth n • old-fash iron man n 1 • somewhat old-fash

Dow


ctober 2022

old-fashioned 54

ironside n • old-fash irrigate v B • somewhat old-fash I should worry phr • old-fash item n • old-fash jack n1 16 • old-fash jack Mormon n 1 • old-fash jagger n 1 a • old-fash jagger wagon n • old-fash jean n • old-fash jell n • old-fash jerk line n 1 • old-fash jerkwater adj 1 • somewhat old-fash

(MAP)Jersey wagon n • old-fash jimswinger n 1 • old-fash jower v • somewhat old-fash juckers n • old-fash jugful(l), not by a adv phr • old-fash julebukk n • somewhat old-fash jumping adj 3 • old-fash junket n • old-fash justle n, v • old-fash keep v B ib • somewhat old-fash keep v B5a • old-fash keeping room n • old-fash keg n, v A1 (prone) • somewhat old-fash keno exclam • old-fash kerosene oil n • old-fash (MAP and Map

Section) kickup n 1 • old-fash kickup n 2 • old-fash kid n1 b • old-fash kiss-me-quick n 2 • old-fash kiss the cook v phr • old-fash kitchen chamber n • old-fash kitchen dance n • somewhat old-fash kitchen physic n • old-fash kittly-bender n • old-fash knockdown n • somewhat old-fash knock down v phr 1 • somewhat old-fash

(MAP) ladle n • old-fash (MAP) lady n • old-fash lady gum n • old-fash laggy adj • somewhat old-fash la grippe n • old-fash lam v 1 • old-fash lamplighter n 1 • old-fash lamplighter n 2 • old-fash land rain n • old-fash lapjack n • old-fash lap organ n 1 • old-fash larbo n • old-fash large adj • old-fash lashings n pi • old-fash last button on Gabe’s coat n 1 • old-fash

(MAP) latch pin n • old-fash lattermath n • old-fash laugh n B 1 • old-fash laugh n B2 • somewhat old-fash lay n 1 1 • old-fash lay n2 • somewhat old-fash

lay v 2a • old-fashlayoff n • old-fashlay over v phr 1 • old-fashlay up v phr 2 • old-fashlazy board n 1 • old-fashleader n 3 • somewhat old-fash (MAP)lean v B 1 • old-fashlean v B4 • somewhat old-fashlearn v B 1 • somewhat old-fash (MAP)levee n2 • old-fashlevy n1 • old-fashlike v 1 C l • somewhat old-fashlikely adj 1 • somewhat old-fashlilac n, adj (prone) • old-fashlinguister n • old-fashlittle more and(, a) adv phr • old-fashloaden v • old-fashlock open v phr • old-fashlog-raising n • old-fashlogrolling vbl n 1 • old-fash (MAP)long home n • old-fashlong sweetening n • somewhat old-fashlong-tailed sugar n • old-fashlong tom n 2 • old-fashlucifer match n 1 • old-fashmacheer n • old-fashMackinaw boat n • old-fashmake v 1 D12 • old-fashmammy n 1 2 • old-fashmanifac n, adj • old-fashmanteltree n • old-fashMarch meeting n • old-fashmarket-wagon n • old-fashmarsh n 1 • old-fashMary Jane n 1 • old-fashmassacre n, v • old-fashmatter n1, v (prone) • old-fashmatter n1 B 1 • somewhat old-fashmauger adj • old-fashmaul rails v phr 1 • old-fashmay v Aa • old-fashmayhap adv • old-fashmealer n • old-fashmeech v 1 • somewhat old-fashmeeching ppl adj • somewhat old-fashmeeting n la • somewhat old-fashmeetinghouse n 1 • somewhat old-fashmetheglin n • old-fashmilch cow n • old-fash (MAP)minute pudding n • old-fashmistress n • old-fashmitten n • somewhat old-fash (MAP)mitten v 1 • old-fashmizzle v2 • old-fashmochila n • old-fashmooncurser n • old-fashMother Hubbard saddle n • old-fashmumble v • old-fashmummy n1 • old-fashmush v2 2 • old-fashmust vbl aux 1 • old-fashNantucket sleighride n • old-fashnappy n1 • somewhat old-fash (MAP)

Dow


ctober 2022

55 Ozarks

neap n1 • old-fash (MAP)nerve n, v (prone) • old-fashnew-milch adj • old-fash (MAP)nickelette n • old-fashnimshi n • prob old-fashnipper n 1 • old-fashnoggin n 1 • old-fashnor conj • old-fashnotch n 2 • old-fash (MAP)notional adj • old-fashnurse n 1 • old-fasho-be-joyful n • somewhat old-fashobstropolous adj • old-fashodd-come-short n • old-fashoffen prep • somewhat old-fashoff ox n 2 • old-fashoffstart n • old-fashold soldier n • old-fasholykoek n • old-fashon prep B 1 • old-fashonion n (prone) • old-fashopodeldoc n • old-fashordinary n • old-fash

ourn pron • somewhat old-fash outen v 1 • somewhat old-fash (MAP) overjet n 1 • old-fash

Oregonjota n • esp CA, sID, eOR laurel n 5 • esp OR, CA Mormon derrick n • esp UT, ID, eOR myrtle n1 B4 • chiefly OR

Outer Banks See North Carolina, Outer Banks

Ozarksknowing n 1 • chiefly sAppalachians,

Ozarks linesides n • esp Ozarks meadow n (prone) • chiefly sAppalachians,

Ozarks, occas NEng mother-naked adj phr • esp Ozarks mountain boomer n 3 • chiefly Ozarks, SW noodle v 1 • esp Ozarks noodling hook n • Ozarks

Dow


ctober 2022

pPacific

*icing n 1 • widespread, but less freq Nth, Pacific (MAP and Map Section)

icky adj • chiefly Nth, N Midi, Pacific (MAP)

Indian lettuce n 3 • chiefly Pacific Indian pond lily n • Pacific Indian potato n e • Pacific killdeer n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, SW,

Pacific (MAP) king salmon n • Pacific, AK laundry tray n • esp Pacific *lightning bug n • widespread, but slightly


littleneck n 2 • Pacific *loft n 1 • widespread, but freq Nth, N

Midi, Pacific (MAP)*median (strip) n la • widespread exc

Pacific, Rocky Mts, LA, MS (MAP) midshipman n • chiefly Pacific coast minnow n B2c • Pacific coast *molasses n C l • widespread, but less freq

Inland Nth, Pacific (MAP) monkey face n 1 • esp Pacific mountain dandelion n • Rocky Mts, Pacific mud wasp n • chiefly NEast; also Inland


mush n 1 1 • widespread, but esp Pacific (MAP)

nievitas n • Pacificno-see-um n 1 • chiefly Nth, Pacific (MAP) Okie n • chiefly Pacific, esp CA (MAP) old-man-in-the-spring n • Pacific Ole Ole Olson all in free exclam • chiefly N

Cent, Pacific; also NEast (MAP)

Pacific Northwesticta n • Pacific NW, AK Indian peach n 2 • Pacific NW Indian plum n 2 • Pacific NW Indian rice n 3 • Pacific NW, AK Indian thistle n 2 • CA, Pacific NW jill poke v • Pacific NW kick v B5 • Pacific NW (MAP) killapie adj, n • Pacific NW klootchman n • chiefly Pacific NW, AK lace flower n 2 • Pacific NW, AK lamb’s tongue n 1 • chiefly Pacific NW land otter n • esp AK, Pacific NW larch n 2 • Pacific NW locie n • Nth, esp Pacific NW long butt n • esp Pacific NW main line n 1 • Pacific NW

memaloose adj, n • Pacific NW mountain balm n 3 • esp Pacific NW mountain bunchgrass n 1 • Pacific NW Norski n • chiefly MI, WI, Upper MW,

Pacific NW (MAP)

Pennsylvaniaice tag n2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp PA

(MAP) ivy poison n • esp PA Jabib n • NJ, sePA jag v1 • esp PA jagger n1 b • chiefly PA jag-off n • esp PA Jenny Lind n • esp PA Jewish pickle n • esp PA, NJ, NY (MAP) jouk v1 • esp PA jumbo n 3 • swPAJuneberry n 1 • chiefly MI, MN, WI; also

PA (MAP) kittly-bender n • esp MA, PA knepp n pi • chiefly PA (MAP) kuchen n • Ger settlement areas, esp N

Cent, PA (MAP) laugh n B2 • chiefly sePA lay low sheepie n • esp PA, NJ (MAP) lazy wife (bean) n • scattered, but esp PA leave out v phr 2 • chiefly Ger settlement

areas, esp PA let v C • chiefly Ger settlement areas, esp

sePAlittle n C2 • Ger settlement areas, esp PA, WI little Sally Water(s) n • chiefly east of

Missip R, esp PA (MAP) liver-grown adj • chiefly sAppalachians, PA long-fingered adj • chiefly Gt Lakes, PA

(MAP)Lucy Bowles n • scattered, but esp PA, NJ,

seNY (MAP) make down v phr 3 • chiefly PA marrowfat (bean) n • chiefly nNJ, NY, PA

(MAP) me adj b • esp NJ, ePA median (strip) n lb • chiefly PA, sNJ; also

HI (MAP) metzel soup n • chiefly sePA Mick n 2 • scattered, but esp PA (MAP) mischief night n • esp NJ, sePA misht n • sePAmister n 1 • scattered, but chiefly N Cent,

PA (MAP) mom-mom n • PA, NJ, DE, MD (MAP) monkey n 1 B3 • sePA, sNJ (MAP) Montgomery pie n • sPA moshey n • sePA

Dow


ctober 2022

57 Portuguese, American

moving day n • esp NY, PA mow hole n • esp Appalachians, PA, NJ

(MAP)mud gutter n • NYC, NJ, PA mud swallow n • chiefly West; also PA, NY,

NJ (MAP)muley adj, n2 A3 (prone) • chiefly Upstate

NY, nPA, wGt Lakes (MAP) mum n 1 • chiefly NEng, wPA (MAP) muskellunge n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes, OH,

PA, Upstate NY (MAP) nauseous adj • chiefly Nth, N Midi, esp

NYC, NJ, PA (MAP) neb v • PAnebby adj • chiefly PA neb-nose n • chiefly PA (MAP) need v 2 • chiefly Midi, esp PA newsy adj • chiefly C Atl, esp PA on prep B9 • chiefly S and Mid Atl, PA

(MAP) onion snow n • chiefly PA outen v 1 • chiefly PA; also SC (MAP) overden n • chiefly sePA overhead n 1 • orig esp PA, now more

widespread overshot n 1 • chiefly PA

Pennsylvania German See German, Pennsylvania

Plains Stateslemon mint n 1 • esp Plains States, SW lemon-scent n • esp Plains States

list v 2 • chiefly Plains States lister n 2 • chiefly Plains States (MAP) long john n 2 • scattered, but chiefly Upper


machine shed n • widespread, but esp freq Plains States, Upper Missip Valley (MAP)

May basket n • scattered, but esp Nth, N Midi, Plains States (MAP)

milo maize n • chiefly Plains States, SW (MAP)

nigger heaven n 1 • chiefly Nth, Plains States, Rocky Mts, CA (MAP)

Oklahoma rain n • chiefly SW, Plains States

old cat n 1 • N Cent, Plains States (MAP)

pleonastic; pleonastically See redundant

Polishkielbasa n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp in

Polish settlement areas kishka n 1 • esp in Polish communities

Portuguesemalassada n • [Port “an omelet or pancake

made with eggs”] mauger adj • [..Ital, Port, Span magro] nigger n 1 • [nigger < earlier neger < Fr

nègre < Span, Port negro..]

Portuguese, Americanjagasee n • [AmPort jagacida..]

Dow


ctober 2022

Q RQuechua

jerky n2 • [AmSpan charqui < Quechua ch ’arki] (MAP)

reduced; reductioni prep • [By reduction of by in exclam phrr

by God, by Jesus and varr..] ice potato n • [Pronc-sp for Irish potato

reflecting reduction of ['airis > ais > ais]..] look v A 1 • [Reduced forms of look you,

look ye..]man n C2 • [..often with phonetically

reduced forms..] me adj • Phonetic reduction of [mai] to [mi,

mi, ma]mint adj • [Reduced from a mind..]

redundant; redundantly; also pleonastic; pleonastically

-ify suff • often added pleonastically to verbs

-ing suff B2 • Added redundantly to vbl nouns or progressive forms of verbs

it pron C2 • Used redundantly immediately following a noun subject

jag v 1 A1 • occas pleonastic jugged jailhouse n • [Redund..] (MAP) jig load n • [Var of jag n2 la + redund load] kill v C l • used with redundant or emphatic

adverbs, esp out, up kill v C2 • [Redund..] leastest adj • [Redund..] let v B 1 • in redund phrr le t’s us (or we) lightwood n 1 • also in redund combs

lighter(d)-wood (MAP) like v* B • pleonastic lakted, likeded, likted man-person n • [Redund..] manzana apple n • [Redund; Span manzana

apple] me pron 3a • redundant me pron 3b • Redundantly (with transitive

verbs)-ment suff B • freq redund mirror glass n • [Redund..] money miser n • [Redund..] nary adj 1 • comb nary a one (with

pleonastic article) (MAP) noggin-head n • [Redund] nohow adv 1 • usu used redundantly to

emphasize a negation none pron Bb • often used redundantly after

a negation nowheres adv • often used with redund

negative of prep B • Used redund often usually adv phr • [Redund..]

Dow


ctober 2022

59 Russian

on prep B2 • Used redundought v C2a • rarely foil by pleonastic negouten prep1 • Occas with redund o f

reduplicated; reduplicationjeezy-peezy intj • [Redup euphem for Jesus

(Christ)]jib-job lot n • fPerh redup of job lot..] kini n • Also redup kinikini kulikuli v • [Haw; redup of kuli noise] lomi v • Also redup lomilomi lomi salmon n • Also redup lomilomi

(salmon)moly, holy exclam • [Redup var of Holy

Moses..] nicey-nice adj • [Redup] one-one adv, adj, n • [Redup] ownty do(w)nty n, adj phr • [Redup]

reliclackaday intj • reliclaxed ppl adj • [..here perh a relic..]long v B 1 • relicmethinks v • relicmonth n D • relic

reversed compound (See also metathesis)jawlock n • [Reversed compound..] lay way v • [Reversed compound..] lookout n • [..but perh reversed compound..] look over v phr • [..but perh reversed

compound..]

maid’s bride n • [Reversed compound; cf bridesmaid..]

offcast n • [OED 1587 but perh reversed compound..]

outlay n • [Prob reversed compound..] overlay n • [Reversed compound..]

Rhode Islandmilk shake n 1 • esp MA, RI New York system n • RI

Rocky MountainsIndian potato n i • esp Rocky Mts kokanee (salmon) n • West, esp AK, NW,

Rocky Mts Mackinaw trout n • chiefly Gt Lakes,

Rocky Mts *median (strip) n la • widespread exc

Pacific, Rocky Mts, LA, MS (MAP) Mormon cricket n • chiefly Rocky Mts mountain dandelion n • Rocky Mts, Pacific mountain hedge n • Rocky Mts mountain spray n • chiefly Rocky Mts mutual n • chiefly Rocky Mts, Desert SW nigger heaven n 1 • chiefly Nth, Plains

States, Rocky Mts, CA (MAP) overshot adj • esp NW, Rocky Mts

Russiankielbasa n • [..Russ kolbasa] moroshka n • [Russ moroshka] nushnik n • [Russ nuzhnik]

Dow


ctober 2022

sScandinavian (See also Danish; Norwegian; Swedish)julekake n • esp in Scan settlement areas kispel n • [Prob Scan..] kringle n • Scan settlement areas, esp WI Lute n2 • [Abbr for Lutheran, infl by Ger

and Scan prone]

Scotland; Scots; Scottish; Dictionary of the Scottish Language; Scottish National Dictionary

i prep • [..cf..SND ay int. 6(3)..] ill adj 1 • [..appar Scots dial in ref to

humans; cf SND ill adj. 1.4] in about adv phr* [Cf SND in adv. 9.(1)..] infare n • [Scots, Ir, nEngl dial; cf EDD,

SND]inkling n • [Engl, Scots dial; cf EDD

inklin(g sb. 1] into prep B 1 • [Scots and Engl dial; cf SND

intae prep. 1; cf EDD into prep. 3] it pron A1 (prone) • [Scots, nEngl dial] jabble v • [Prob Scots, Ir, nEngl dial jabble

to agitate, .a liquid; cf EDD jabble sb.1 6..] jack n2 1 • [Folk-etym for Scots chack (SND

at chuck n2)] jack n2 2a • [..or from Scots and Engl dial

chack, var of check pattern of differently colored squares]

jack bite n • [Prob folk-etym for Scots, Ir, nEngl dial chack a snack + bite]

jack-house n • [SND jack n.2 “Sc. variant of Eng. jakes, a privy”]

jackrock n 3 • [..SND jack n .1 3 “a large piece of rock in a coal seam” and jock 3 “lumps of stone in coal”]

jag v1 • [Scots, Ir, nEngl dial] jagger n 1 b • [..cf DSL jagger “A prickle”] jamb-rock n • [Cf..SND jam-stane (at jamb

n. 1.(2))]jenk, spread one’s v phr • [Cf SND jink n .1

III.3 “A (playful) trick or frolic”] jenny n 4 • [Cf SND jennie n. 2 “A man who

meddles with or assists in a housewife’s work..; a man with effeminate habits”]

jiffin(g) n • [Scots varr of jiffy; DSL jiffte, jiffin 1788, 1802..]

jimpsecute n • [..cf.. SND jimp adj. 1 “Of persons: slender, small, graceful, neat, dainty”]

jing n • [Scots, Engl dial] jink v 1 • [Cf SND jink v .1 5 “ir. To. .escape

the notice o f ’] jink v 2 • [Cf SND jink v .1 5 “to cheat,

trick”..]

jinked ppl adj • [Perh Scots jink to trick, cheat..]

jink money n • [Cf SND jink v.1 5 “ir..to cheat, trick,”..]

joe n1 • [Scots jo(e), varr of joy..] joog v • [..but cf also SND joog, joug, jugg,

jowg (at jog v., n.)..] joogle v • [Scots, Engl dial; EDD (at juggle

v.2)..]jook n • [Cf SND jouk n. II.4..] jouk v 1 • [Scots, nEngl dial] junky adj • Cf DNE, DJE, SND keep v B2 • [..cf SND, EDD] keeps n pi 1 • [Perh Scots; cf SND keep n. 2]

(MAP)kernel n 5 • [SND kirnel n. 3..] kewster n • [..cf SND custril n. “A fool, a

foolish person”] kick v A • [SND kick v. “Also kik, keek"]

(MAP)kick the can n 1 • [Cf SND kick the..

can(nie) (at kick v. 3(6))] kitchen n2 • [Perh < Scots, Engl, Ir dial

kinch..]kitchen n2 1 • [Cf..SND kinch n .1 2..] kitchen n2 2 • [Cf SND kinch n .1 1..] kittly-bender n • [Cf SND kittlie adj. 3

“difficult, dangerous..”] kitty exclam • [Cf SND kit int...] knee baby n • [Cf SND knee-bairn..] knoll n • [SND know “Sc. form of Eng.

knoll"]lab one’s mouth v phr • [Cf..SND lab(b) (at

laib v. 1.3) to chatter, talk incessantly..] laggy adj • [..SND laggie (at lag adj. 1.1)] lamb lily n • [SND 1886] land-horse n • [Engl, Scots dial; cf ..SND (at

land I.2.(l)(v))] lapsided adj • [..cf also EDD lapsided, SND

lab-sided (at lab- adj.)] lasty adj • [nEngl, Scots dial; cf..SND (at

lest v., n. I)] lay n2 • [Scots dial] lay in v phr 1 • [Scots, Engl dial] lay one’s tongue to v phr • [Scots, Engl dial] lazybed n • [SND lazy-bed (at lazy adj. 1.1)

1743league n • [Cf OED league sb.2, Scots forms

lig(g), lyge, lyig from 15th, 16th cents] leak v • [Scots, nEngl dial] least conj • [Arch and Scots dial var of lest] let on v phr • [Scots dial] (MAP) letter n 1 • [Scots, Engl dial] lickety-split adv • [Cf SND lickitie (in phr fast as lickitie)..]

Dow


ctober 2022

61 Scotland

lick thumbs v phr • [From an old Scottish custom..; cf SND lick v. 1.(16)]

lift n1 • [Scots, nEngl dial] lift n2 • [Cf SND lift n.2 II.3..] lift v i a * [Scots dial] lift v lb ( l) • [Scots dial] lift v lb(2) • [Scots dial] lift v 2 • [Cf SND lift v. 4.(2) “To take up,

accept and pay (a bill of exchange)”] lift v 3 • [Scots, nEngl dial] lift, on the adj phr • [Cf SND lift v. 1.1.(8)..] lightwood n1 • [..(cf Scots licht-coal coal

burned to give light)..] (MAP) like adv G • [Cf..SND like adv. 1.(1)

“Gen.Sc.”]-like suff 1 • [Cf..SND -like suff. 1]-like suff 2 • [Cf..SND -like suff. 2] lippin v • [Scots, nEngl dial lippen] lipping full adj phr • [SND lip v. 3.(2) “To

be full to the brim, or overflowing”] little house n 1 • [..SND 1764 ->] little Sally Walker n • [..EDD (at Sally sb.'

2.(6)) shows Sally Walker to be the dominant form in Scotl as well as nEngl.] (MAP)

loaden v • [..see also EDD, SND] loaf bread n • [Scots, Engl dial] (MAP) lobber v • [nEngl, Scots dial lopper, lapper;

cf..SND lapper v .1 1.1] (MAP and Map Section)

lobster n A • [..cf SND, EDD lapster..] lock v 1 • [Cf SND lock v. 1.6 “to bind or

engage oneself to (a person).”] lone n • [Scots, Engl dial\..EDD lone sb.2 5;

SND lane adj. 2] lonesome n B 1 • [See SND one's lanesome

(at lane adj. 1.(6))] loney v • [..see also SND lane adj. 2.(2)] long adj B1 • [..SND lang adj. 2 “Gen.

Sc[ots]”]long adj B3a • [..see also..SND (at lang adj.

1.3)]long adv D1 • [..see also SND lang adj. 7.(7)

“Gen. Sc[ots]”] long chair n • [Cf SND lang chair (at lang

adj. 1.6.(10))..] long drink of water n • [SND lang drink (o

water) (at lang adj. I.6.(14))..] long eye n • [..cf also SND (at ee n. 1.2.(1))

1944]longheaded adj 1 • [..cf also ..SND (at lang

adj. 1.6.(22))] lope v 1 • [Scots, Engl dial var of Scots loup,

lowp to leap] lose v A1 • [Scots, Ir, nEngl dial loss,

swEngl dial lost] louse around v phr • [Cf Scots, nEngl dial

lowse to stop working] low wine n • [..Scots lowins] lozenger n • [Scots, Engl dial varr of lozenge] lusty adj 1 • [Scots, Engl dial]-ma- infix • [Cf SND ma- “An intermediate

syllable appearing freq. in Sc. compound words..”]

make v1 A • [The proncs [mak, mek] are common in nEngl, Scots dial.]

make v1 D12 • [..cf SND spune, EDD spoon] make of v phr • [Scots, nEngl dial] man n C2 • [..common in Scots and Engl

dial..]man n C5a • [SND man n. 6 c l 895 -►] marriage bone n • [nScots dial..] marvel n 1 • [Engl, Scots dial] mauger adj • [..cf SND maugre..] may v B • [Cf SND can v .1 III.2..] meddle v 1 • [Scots, nEngl dial; cf EDD

meddle v. 3, SND middle v. 1] minnow n A5 • [..SND minnon] mixy-maxy adj • [Scots, Engl dial; cf EDD,

OED (at mixty-maxty)] month n B • [The use of sg form for pi..is

still common in Scots dial..] month n C • [Scots dial] moozie n • [Cf SND mozie, moz(z)(e)y,

mosey, moosie adjs (at moze n. 1.1)..] morning, in the adv phr • [Cf Scots adv phr

the morn tomorrow..] morning’s morning n • [Scots morning a

drink of liquor taken before breakfast] mostly adv • [Scots, Engl dial] mourn v 2 • [SND mum v. 2...] mozey n2 • [Cf SND moshie (at mosh

n.2)..and mooshie (at mosh n.2)..] muckle adj • [Scots muckle large, big;

mature]mudge n • [Perh Scots, Engl dial mudge a

movement, stir] mudge v • [Scots dial] mull adj, n ! • [SND mull adj “Hornless”..] mull v2 • [Cf SND mull n.2 1..] murgens n • [Cf SND mirge (at mird n.2)..] mushle v • [..cf SND mush v .1..] mutton corn n • [Perh folk-etym form of

Scots mauten; cf 1840 DSL mauten, mawten..]

nappy n1 • [Scots dial dimin of nap bowl, basin] (MAP)

near cut n • [nEngl, Scots dial; cf EDD] near hand adj phr • [Scots dial] need v 2 • [Prob of Scots, nlr origin; cf SND

need v. 4, 1923 -►] needcessity n • [Brit, esp Scots, folk-etym

for necessity] needle-wire n • [Cf Scots wire a knitting

needle]nervish adj • [Engl, Scots, Ir dial; cf EDD] nesh adj • [Engl, Scots dial; cf EDD nesh

adj]newsy adj • [..SND (at news n. I)..] nicker n 1, v • [Scots, Ir, nEngl dial] (MAP

and Map Section) niff-naff n • [Cf Scots, nEngl dial niff-naff a

trifling or unimportant thing] noodle v 1 • [..cf Scots, nEngl dial guddle..] notice v 1 • [Cf SND notice v. 1 “To watch,

tend, take care of, see to, look after”] notion n 1 • [nEngl, Scots dial; cf SND

notion n. 1]

Dow


ctober 2022

Shawnee 62

notionate adj • [Cf SND notionate (at notion n. 2) “obstinate, headstrong”]

of prep C4 • [..may be from Scots, nlr dial; cf SND o prep. l.(6)(v), o/4.(4)(ii)..] (MAP)

offen prep • [Chiefly Scots, nEngl dial; see SND affin, EDD o ff prep. 2.(14)]

old daddy n • [SND auld daddy, auld father (at auld adj. 2)]

Old Horny n • [Scots Auld Hornie] old mamma n • [Cf SND auld-mither (at

auld adj. 2.(5))]Old Year’s Eve(ning) n • [Cf SND auld adj.

6]on prep B3a • [Cf EDD on prep. 11.10, SND

wait v. I.B.l.(3)(i)] (MAP and Map Section)

open adj B2 • [Cf..SND open adj. 2..] orey-eyed adj • [Perh var of awry, but cf

SND oorie adj. 1..] out adj D1 • [Cf SND out adv. II.3 “Of a

cup,..: emptied..”] out adv B8 • [Scots, Engl dial; cf SND out

adv. II.4, EDD out adv. 13] outen prep1 • [Scots, nEngl dial..]

Shawneemechameck n • [..cf Shawnee mak-,

Menominee mc c big (in reference to the large root)]

Sicilianmuffuletta n • [Sicilian dial muffuletta a

soft, spongy roll]

Slavickishke n • [Yiddish, ult of Slavic origin..]

Sothomilo maize n • [Sotho maili] (MAP)

South (See also Inland South)i prep • chiefly Sth, S Midi I pron (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi I be phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi ice-cream supper n • scattered, but esp Sth,

S Midi, TX (MAP) icing n 2 • Sth, S Midi idea n 2 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi; also

NEngidea n 3 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi if conj (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi iffen conj • chiefly Sth, S Midi -ified suff • chiefly Sth, S Midi -ify suff • chiefly Sth, S Midi ignorant adj (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi ill adj 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi illegal adj • esp Sth, S Midi in prep, adv A1 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S

Midiin prep B2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi in about adv phr • Sth, S Midi inch n, v (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi Indian hen n 2 • chiefly Sth

Indian hen n 3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi Indian peach n 1 • Sth, S Midi Indian potato n 1 • Sth infant baby n • Sth infare n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi -ing suff B1 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi in generally adv phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi initiation n • esp Sth ink n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi instead adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp freq

among Black speakers, stedder, stidder instead adv (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

NEastinsurance n (prone) • Sth, S Midi Irish n 1, adj (prone) • esp Sth Irish potato n • scattered, but more freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP and Map Section) iron dog n 1 • Sth, S Midi island n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi it pron A1 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi it pron Cl • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midiit ain’t done it phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi itch n B1 • widespread, but esp Sth, S Midi

(MAP)itch n, v (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi *ivory n1 la • scattered, but less freq Sth,

nNEng (MAP) ivory n2 • scattered, but more freq Sth, S

Midi, NEast (MAP) jack n 1 14 • chiefly Sth, Midi jack n 1 15 • chiefly Sth jack n 1 16 • esp Sth, S Midi jackfish n la • chiefly Sth (MAP) jack frost n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) jackleg adj 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) jack-o’-lantern n 1 • chiefly Sth, Midi

(MAP) jack snapper n 1 • esp Sth jaggedy adj 1 • Sth, S Midi jailhouse n • scattered, but somewhat more

freq Sth, S Midi (MAP) jam up adj phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi jam up adv phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi jaundice n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi,

I'jasnd9(r)zl jaundice n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi, ME,

I'pnd3(r)z, 'ja-l jaunt n, v (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi jaw back v phr • esp Sth, S Midi jaybird n la • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S


Midi (MAP)Jay Gould n • esp Sth, S Midijelly n 1 • esp Sth, S Midijenny n 6 • Sth, S Midijerk n1 B1 • chiefly S Midi, Sth*jerkwater adj 1 • scattered exc NEng;

infreq Sth, Inland Sth (MAP)Jerusalem oak n 1 • widespread, but esp

freq Sth jewlark v • esp Sth, S Midi jewlarker n • Sth, S Midi

Dow


ctober 2022

63 South

Jew’s harp n • esp Sth, S Midi Jew’s harp n B3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

Missip Valley, West jimberjawed adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi jimmies n p i1 1 • esp Sth, S Midi, West jimmy-john n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi jimson weed n • chiefly Sth, Midi (MAP) jimswinger n 1 • Sth job n2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi job v2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi Job’s turkey n 1 • widespread, but more

freq Sth, Midi (MAP)*john n 2a • widespread, but somewhat less

freq Sth (MAP)John Brown v phr • chiefly Sth johnny house n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp

Mid and S Atl (MAP)Johnson grass n 1 • chiefly Sth, West, W

Midijoin v B 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi joint n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi joint snake n • chiefly Sth (MAP) joist n 1 (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi joke v • esp Sth, S Midi jokey adj • esp Sth, S Midi jomo n • Sth, S Midi Jordan n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi joree n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi Joseph’s coat n • chiefly Sth josie n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi journey-proud adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi jower n • Sth, S Midi jower v • chiefly Sth, S Midi jowl n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) juba n • chiefly Sth judge n, v (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi juice v • chiefly Sth, S Midi, West (MAP) jump v 1 • esp Sth, S Midi jumper n 2 • esp Sth, S Midi jump the broom v phr • scattered, but

chiefly Sth, S Midi, TX (MAP) jump the rope v phr • esp Sth, S Midi jump-the-rope n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)jump-up song n • chiefly Sth june v • chiefly Sth, S Midi June bug n 4 • chiefly Sth juniper n 2b • Sth, esp Mid Atl just adv lb (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi just adv 2 (prone) • scattered, but esp freq

Sth, S Midi just adv 3 (prone) • chiefly Sth just adv 4 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi just as well adv phr • esp Sth, S Midi keen adj 1 • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi

(MAP)keen adj 2 • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi (MAP) keep v B3 • scattered, but esp Sth, Midi

(MAP)keg n, v A1 (prone) • chiefly NEast, S Midi,

SthKentucky n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi kernel n 4 • esp Sth, S Midi

*kettle n B1 • widespread, but less freq Sth (MAP and Map Section)

kill v A (prone) • Sth, S Midi kill v B • Sth, S Midi kill v C l • chiefly Sth, S Midi kill v C2 • esp Sth, S Midi killdeer n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, SW,

Pacific (MAP) killifish n 2 • Sth killy hawk n • chiefly Sth kin n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi kindly adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp

sAppalachians kinfolk n pi • widespread, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi, Cent, TX (MAP) king bee n • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) kingnut n • chiefly Sth, S Midi king snake n 1 • chiefly Sth, SW kinnery n • Sth, S Midi kinpeople n • Sth, S Midi kit n 2c • chiefly Sth, S Midi; also NEng kitchen furniture n • esp Sth kittledee n • Sthkitty wants a corner n • scattered, but esp

Sth, S Midi (MAP) knee baby n • Sth, S Midi, esp NC knee-high to a grasshopper adj phr •

chiefly Sth, S Midi knickknack n1 • esp Sth, Missip Valley

(MAP) knock v 2 • esp Sth (MAP) knock down v phr 1 • now chiefly Sth, S

Midi (MAP) knocker n 7a • Sth, S Midi *knoll n B • widespread, but somewhat less

freq Sthknot n 1 3 • chiefly Sth, Midi, Cent (MAP) know v B3a • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S


Midi (MAP) kudzu n • chiefly Sth lack v1 (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi lady n • Sth, S Midilady pea n • chiefly Sth, sS Midi (MAP) Lane cake n • Sth, esp MS, GA lap child n • Sth, S Midi lashings n pi • esp Sth, S Midi last button on Gabe’s coat n 1 • chiefly

Sth, S Midi (MAP) last drop n • esp Sth last of pea-time(s) n • esp Sth, S Midi,

NEnglaugh v C l • chiefly Sth, S Midi law n 1 B1 • widespread, but more freq Sth, S

Midi (MAP) law n2, intj • now chiefly Sth, S Midi,

formerly also NEast law v • scattered, but more freq Sth, S Midi lawsy n, intj • scattered, but more freq Sth, S

Midilay v 1 • chiefly S Midi, Sth (MAP and Map

Section) lay v 2a • chiefly Sth, S Midi

Dow


ctober 2022

South 64

lay by v phr 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi lay for v phr • esp Sth, S Midi lay off v phr 2 • Sth, S Midi lay off v phr 3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi layout n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, West lay out v phr 1 • chiefly Midi, Sth layover(s) to catch meddlers n • chiefly

Sth, S Midi (MAP) leader n 1 • Sth, S Midi lean v A (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi learn v (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi leastways adv • esp Sth, S Midi leather-winged bat n • chiefly Sth (MAP) leave n1 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi leave v A1 • chiefly Sth leave v A3 • esp Sth leave off v phr 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)leave out v phr 1 • Sth, S Midileg n (prone) • scattered, but more freq Sth,

S Midiless conj • chiefly Sth, S Midi lessen conj1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi let v B 1 • chiefly Sth let in v phr 1 • esp Sth, S Midi level full adj phr • scattered, but esp Sth,

Midi (MAP) lick n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, TX, OK (MAP) lick n 5 • chiefly Sth, S Midi lick v B4 • Sth, S Midi lickskillet n 2 • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) lid n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi lie n 1 • esp Sth, S Midi lie v1 1 • esp Sth (MAP) lie down v phr 1 • scattered, but chiefly Sth,

S Midi (MAP) lie out v phr la • chiefly Sth, S Midi lie out v phr 2 • Sth, S Midi, esp sAppala-

chians, GA, SC (MAP) lie out v phr 3 • esp S Midi, Sth life everlasting n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi lift, on the adj phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi light v2 1 • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S Midi light a shuck v phr • Sth, S Midi light bread n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, OK, TX

(MAP) light moon n • Sth, S Midi light roll n • chiefly Sth, S Midi lights n pi 2a • esp Sth, S Midi lights n pi 1 • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midilightwood n 1 • chiefly Sth, esp S Atl (MAP) -like suff • chiefly Midi, Sth like v 1, adj, vbl aux, n, adv, prep,

conj • Pronc-spp chiefly Sth, S Midi la(c)k, lock, loike, luk

like v 1 C l • NEng, Sth, S Midi like vbl aux E2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) like that adj phr • esp Sth like unto prep phr • esp Sth *lima bean n • widespread, but less freq

Sth, S Midi (MAP) limber adj • scattered, but more freq Sth, S

Midi

limber jack n 3 • esp Sth, S Midi limberneck n • chiefly Sth, Midi (MAP) *limey n 1 • widespread, but less freq Sth, S

Midi (MAP) line horse n • esp Sth, S Midi line out v phr 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi linthead n • Sth, S Midi lip v 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi liquor head n • chiefly Sth list n 1 • chiefly Sth list v 1 • chiefly Sth listen v 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi lister n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi little old adj phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi little Sally Walker n • scattered, but esp

Sth, S Midi (MAP) liver hash n • chiefly Sth, S Midi loaf bread n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) loblolly n 2 • scattered, but esp freq Sth, S

Midilocal preacher n • scattered, but chiefly Sth,

S Midi, C Atl (MAP) locked bowels n pi 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP) locker n 1 • esp Sthloft n 2 • scattered, but chiefly S Midi, Sth

(MAP)logroller n 2 • esp Sth, S Midi logrolling vbl n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)*lollygag v B 1 • widespread, but less freq

Sthlong handles n pi • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

West (MAP and Map Section) longheaded adj 2 • Sth, S Midi *long john n 1 • widespread, but somewhat

less freq Sth, S Midi (MAP) long sweetening n • chiefly Sth, S Midi long tom n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) look v B4 • chiefly Sth, S Midi look over v phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi Lord n 1 B1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) Lordy intj • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) lose time v phr • esp Sth, S Midi lot n la • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S Midi,

TX (MAP) lot n 3 • chiefly Sth loud adj B • chiefly Sth, S Midi Louisiana n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi *lousy adj 2a • widespread, but less freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP)*lousy adj 2c • widespread, but less freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP)*lousy adj 2d • widespread, but somewhat

less freq Sth (MAP) love v D l • chiefly Sth, S Midi love bump n 1 • esp Sth, S Midi love vine n 1 • esp Sth, S Midi low adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi low v, n • chiefly Sth (MAP) low blood n • chiefly Sth, S Midi low cotton n • chiefly Sth, S Midi low-down adj 1 • formerly chiefly Sth, S

Midi; now more widespread

Dow


ctober 2022

65 South

low-down adj 2 • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) low-quarter(ed) shoe n • chiefly Sth (MAP) low-rate v • chiefly Sth (MAP) low sick adj phr • Sth, S Midi, esp Gulf

States (MAP) low wine n • chiefly Sth, S Midi lumber room n • scattered, but chiefly Sth,

S Midi lusty adj 1 • chiefly Sth lye hominy n • chiefly Sth, S Midi ma n B 1 • esp Sth, S Midi ma’am n 1 B1 • Sth and S Midi mad adj la • widespread, but more freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP) mad adj lb • chiefly Sth (MAP) madam n • chiefly Sth (MAP) made over ppl adj phr • esp Sth, S Midi madstone n • chiefly Sth, S Midi main strength and awkwardness n • esp

Sth, S Midi major n 1 • esp Sth, S Midi make v 1 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi make v 1 C l • chiefly Sth, S Midi make v 1 C l2b • esp Sth, S Midi make v 1 D3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi make v 1 D15 • esp Sth make v 1 D19 • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi

(MAP) make v 1 D20 • esp Sth make v 1 D21 • formerly widespread, now

esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) make down v phr 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi make like v phr • widespread, but esp freq

Sth (MAP) make out v phr 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)make up v phr 1 • scattered, but esp Sth, S

Midimale adi • widespread, but chiefly Sth, Midi

(MAP)mamma n 1 3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi mam-maw n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mammock v • chiefly Sth, S Midi mammy n 1 la • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mammy n 1 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi man n A • chiefly Sth, chiefly among Black

speakers pronc-spp mon, mun man n B2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi man n C2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) manner n 1 • formerly widespread, now

chiefly Sth mannerable adj • Sth, S Midi mannish adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi mantelpiece n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

Atlantic (MAP) marble eye n 1 • scattered, but esp Sth, S

Midi, Missip Valley (MAP)*marble orchard n • scattered, but rare Sth,

S Midimarching around the levee n • chiefly Sth,

S Midimare n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mark v 1 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mark v 1 3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

marrow n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi marry v (prone) • chiefly Atlantic, Sth marry up v phr • esp S Midi, Sth marsh hen n 1 • chiefly Sth (MAP)Mary n (prone) • esp Sth, NEng mash v 1 1 • widespread, but chiefly Sth,

Midi; also West (MAP) mash v1 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi Massachusetts n (prone) • chiefly Sth massacre n, v • chiefly Sth, S Midi mast n1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi master n (prone) • chiefly NEng, Sth master n • chiefly Sth, among Black

speakers, obs, mars(e), mass(a) master n B 1 • Formerly used by Blacks in

the Southmatter n1, v (prone) • chiefly NEng, Sth matter n1 B2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi Maud n • esp Sth, S Midi maul rails v phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi may v Aa • chiefly Sth, S Midi may v B • chiefly Sth, S Midi *mayapple n 1 • widespread exc West; less

freq NEast, Sth (MAP) me pron 3a • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi me pron 3b • chiefly Sth, S Midi meadow n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

NEng*meadowlark n 1 • widespread, but less

freq Sth, S Midi (MAP) mean adj 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi mean adj 4 • Sth*meander v • scattered, but less freq Sth, S

Midi (MAP) meat n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi meat hog n • chiefly Sth meddle v 1 • chiefly Sth *median (strip) n i e « scattered, but rare

Sth, West (MAP) mee-maw n • chiefly Sth, S Midi melon n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi melt n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi mend v 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mend v 4 • chiefly Sth, S Midi menfolk(s) n pi • chiefly Sth, S Midi -ment suff A • chiefly Sth, S Midi -ment suff B • chiefly Sth, S Midi mesh n 1, v (prone) • chiefly NEng, Sth, S

Midimess n i a » chiefly NEast, Sth, S Midi mess v 1 • esp Sth, S Midi mess up v phr 1 • chiefly Sth, Midi (MAP) Methodist n • Sth, S Midi Mef(o)dis,

Metdis, Meth(o)dis middle n • chiefly Sth, S Midi middlebuster n 1 • chiefly Sth, TX (MAP) middleman n 1 • Sth, S Midi (MAP) middler n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi middling n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi middling n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) midlady n • chiefly Sth midmother n • esp Sth, S Midi mighty adj • widespread, but more freq Sth,

S Midi, NEast

Dow


ctober 2022

South 66

mighty adv • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP and Map Section)

mile n • Pronc-spp chiefly Sth, S Midi, NEng mild

mile n B • chiefly Sth, Midi milk box n • esp Sth, S Midi *milk house n • widespread, but less freq

Sth, Atlantic (MAP) milk lot n • chiefly Sth, S Midi milk room n • scattered, but chiefly NEng,

Sth, S Midi (MAP)*milkweed n 1 • widespread, but less freq

Sthmillrock n • Sth, S Midi mince v • widespread, but more freq Sth,

Midi (MAP) mind n B2 • chiefly Sth, S Midimind v CI • chiefly Sth, S Midimind v C2 • esp Sth, Midimind v C6 • chiefly Sth, S Midimind out v phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi mingledy adj • esp Sth, S Midi *minnow n A l • widespread, but less freq

Sth, S Midi (MAP) minnow n A2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mirate v • chiefly Sth, S Midi miration n • chiefly Sth, S Midi misdoubt v • esp Sth, S Midi misery n • widespread, but more freq Sth, S

Midimislick n • chiefly Sth, S Midi misput adj 1 • esp Sth, S Midi miss-meal colic n • chiefly Sth missy n 2 • chiefly Sth mist n 4 • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) mist rain v phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mistress n B l • Formerly used by Black

speakers in the South mixed-breed n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, N Atl

(MAP)mixtry n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mizzle n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mizzle v1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi mizzle v3 • esp Sth moan v • chiefly Sth moaners’ bench n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mock v B • chiefly Sth, S Midi mock orange n i a » Sth mock orange n Id • chiefly Sth mojo n • chiefly Sth molasses n (prone) • esp NEng, Sth molly cottontail n • chiefly Sth, S Midi *mom n 1 1 • widespread, but less freq Sth

(MAP)monkey food n • chiefly Sth monstrous adv B • chiefly Sth, S Midi month n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi moon-fixer n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mosquito hawk n 2a • chiefly Sth, but


moss n 2a • Sth moss verbena n • Sth mostly adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi

most time(s) adv phr • esp Sth, Midi (MAP) mother wit n • chiefly Sth, S Midi moughty adj, adv • Sth, S Midi mould n • Sthmountain n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi mountain dew n • scattered, but more freq

Sth, S Midi (MAP) mountain pheasant n • esp Sth, S Midi mountain trout n 2 • Sth mourner n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mourners’ bench n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)*mouse n B3 • scattered, but rare Sth (MAP) mouth n, v (prone) • chiefly Sth Mr. It n • esp SthMrs. n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi I'mizriz,

'mistrislMrs. n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi I'miztz,

m*z, misl much adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi much v • chiefly Sth, S Midi mud v 1 • chiefly Sth (MAP) muda grass n • esp Sth mud eel n 1 • chiefly Sth mud puppy n c • chiefly Sth muffin n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mulatto adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi mule n 1 5 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mule n 1 6 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) muley-head n • chiefly Sth (MAP) mull adj, n 1 • Sthmulligrubs n pi 1 • scattered, but esp Sth

(MAP)multiplying onion n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)*mumblety-peg n 1 • widespread, but less

freq Sth, S Midi (MAP) muscadine (grape) n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)mush n 1 3 • esp Sth, S Midi mushroom n (prone) • scattered, but esp

Sth, S Midi (MAP)*musical chairs n pi • widespread, but

somewhat less freq Sth, S Midi (MAP) *muskmelon n (prone) • widespread, but

less freq Sth, WestJ'mAsk.melanl (MAP) muskmelon n (prone) • widespread, but

more freq Sth, S Midi, N AtlJ'mAS.metonl (MAP)

muskrat n • Pronc-sp chiefly Sth, S Midi..musrat

musky adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi; scattered NEast (MAP)

must vbl aux 2 • chiefly Sth muzzle n • esp Sthmyrtle n 1 • Pronc-spp chiefly Sth, S Midi nairn pron • Sth, S Midi naked adj (prone) • scattered, but chiefly

Sth, S Midi, TX (MAP) nape n (prone) • esp NEast, Sth, S Midi napper’s house, go to v phr • esp Sth, S Midi nappy adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi narrow adj, v, n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S

Midi, less freq NEast

Dow


ctober 2022

67 South Atlantic

nary adj 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) nasty adj • scattered, but esp Sth (MAP) nation n1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi natural adj, adv, n (pronc) • esp Sth naturally adv (pronc) • esp Sth naturally adv B • Sth, S Midi natured adj • Sth, S Midi nauseated ppl adj (pronc) • esp Sth navel n (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) near adj, adv B • chiefly Sth, S Midi nearabout(s) adv 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi neck n (pronc) • esp Sth ne’er adj1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi neighborhood road n • chiefly Sth, S Midi nest n (pronc) • esp Sth, S Midi nest onion n • chiefly Sth, esp GA new adj (pronc) • widespread, but more freq

Sth, S Midi newnited adj • esp Sth newspaper n • esp Sth, S Midi New Year’s gift exclam • Sth, S Midi nick-tailed adj • esp Sth, S Midi niece n • Sth, S Midinigger town n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) nighabout adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi *night crawler n • widespread exc Sth

(MAP)night glass n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) night-hunting vbl n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP) night work n • chiefly Sth nigra n • chiefly Sth, S Midi nigro n • chiefly Sth, S Midi ninny n2 • chiefly Sth (MAP) nit fly n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp KY

(MAP)no-count adj • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi (MAP) norate v • chiefly S Midi, Sth noration n • chiefly S Midi, Sth north end of a chicken flying south

n • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) northern bean n • scattered, but esp Sth,

Missip-Ohio Valleys (MAP) notice v 1 • Sth, S Midi notionate adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi noway adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi nurse v • chiefly Sth, S Midi obedient plant n • Sth oblige v (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midi odd-come-short n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi of prep Ba • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi of prep Be • chiefly Sth, S Midi of prep Bh • chiefly Sth, S Midi, NEast of prep C3 • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midiof prep C5 • chiefly Sth, S Midi off prep C 1 • widespread, but more freq Sth,

Midi (MAP) oil n 1, v (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midi, NEng okra n (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midi old field n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi old-field pine n • chiefly Sth, S Midi old-field school n • Sth, S Midi

old head n • chiefly Sth, S Midi old maid n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) Old Master n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi Old Ned n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi Old Scratch n • chiefly Sth, S Midi; also

NEng (MAP) old-timey adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi on prep, adv (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midi on prep, adv (pronc) • chiefly Sth, Midi,

eNEngon prep B 1 • chiefly NEng, Sth, S Midi on prep B3a • widespread, but more freq

Sth, Midi (MAP and Map Section) on prep B6 • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midionce adv (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midi once and occasionally adv phr • Sth, S Midi one pron B • chiefly Sth, S Midi one-gallus(ed) adj • Sth, S Midi one-sided adj, adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)onion n (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midi onliest adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi only prep B • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi oo-wee exclam • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) open adj, v (pronc) • esp Sth, S Midi open barn n • esp Sth, S Midi osnaburg n • chiefly Sth ought v • Pronc-sp chiefly Sth, S Midi ort ought v C2a • widespread, but more freq S

Midi, Sth ought v C3a • chiefly Sth, TX ourn pron • chiefly Sth, S Midi, NEng out adj D2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) out n FI • chiefly Sth, S Midi *out n F2b • scattered, but less freq NEng,

Sth (MAP) out prep E • chiefly Sth, Midi; also NEast

(MAP)outdone adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi outen prep1 • chiefly Sth, Midi outside child n • chiefly Sth (MAP) oven n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi over adj C • Sth, S Midi, West over exclam F • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) over n El • chiefly Sth, Midi over v D1 • chiefly Sth owing to prep phr • scattered, but esp Sth, S

Midiowlhead n 2 • esp Sth, S Midi own self pron • chiefly Sth, S Midi ox n A1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi ox n A2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi ox n B 1 • scattered, but more freq Sth, S

Midi

South Atlanticin prep B7 • scattered, but chiefly S Atl,

Lower Missip Valley (MAP) into prep B 1 • chiefly NEast, S Atl jack n 1 24a(l) • chiefly S Atl (MAP) jackdaw n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States

(MAP)Jack-in-the-bush n 2 • esp Mid and S Atl

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jaded adj • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States jamb n • S Atljelly doughnut n • widespread, but esp freq

NEast, S Atl, CA (MAP) jewfish n la • S Atl, Gulf States jewfish n lb • S Atl, Gulf States jiggering vbl n • esp S Atl jim-crow card n • S Atl johnny house n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp

Mid and S Atl (MAP) joint grass n 1 • scattered, but esp Mid and

S Atljook n 2 • orig FL, later chiefly Gulf States,

S Atl (MAP) jook v3 • chiefly S Atl, esp FL jump n 2 • S Atl Kate n • S Atlkeg n, v A3 (prone) • esp S Atl, Gulf States kernel n 1 • chiefly C and S Atl; also Gulf

States (MAP and Map Section) key n 3 • chiefly S Atl, AL (MAP and Map

Section)kick v B1 • chiefly sAppalachians, S Atl

(MAP)king mackerel n • S Atl, Gulf States *kraut n 2 • widespread, but less freq Mid

and S Atl, Lower Missip Valley (MAP) lark n 1 1 • scattered, but chiefly C and S Atl last-go-trade n • chiefly Mid and S Atl, WV

(MAP)laying-by time n • chiefly S Atl lazy boy n 1 • esp S Atl, Inland Sth -left suff • S Atl let v A2a • chiefly S Atl level n • chiefly Mid and S Atl (MAP) light v2 2 • scattered, but esp S Atl,

sAppalachians (MAP) lightwood n' • chiefly Sth, esp S Atl (MAP) lightwood-knot floater n • esp S Atl liken vbl aux • esp S Atl live in adultery v phr • scattered, but chiefly

W Midi, S Atl (MAP) liver pudding n • chiefly S and Mid Atl

(MAP)log cart n • esp C and S Atl (MAP) loggerhead n 5b • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States,

Lower Missip Valley (MAP) lull v • chiefly Mid and S Atl, nNEng maiden cane n • S Atl, Gulf States marsh tacky n • chiefly S Atl, esp SC master n • chiefly S Atl coast, among Black

speakers, obs, maus(sa), mossa maw n 1 1 • chiefly Gulf States, Mid and S Atl mayapple n 2 • esp S Atl, Inland Sth maybird n 2 • chiefly S Atl, esp SC minister’s face n 1 • esp NEng, S Atl mole bean n 2 • esp S Midi, S Atl Molly Bright n • Mid and S Atl monkey n1 B5 • chiefly S Atl (MAP) monkey bite n 1 • chiefly CA, also C and S

Atl (MAP) mosquito fly n • esp Gulf States, S Atl mother dear n • chiefly Gulf States, S Atl

(MAP)

mouth organ n 1 • widespread, but chiefly Inland Nth, C Atl; also S Atl, SW (MAP and Map Section)

muffle-jawed adj 1 • esp S Atl mutton corn n • chiefly S Atl, esp SC newground n la • chiefly C and S Atl, Gulf

States (MAP)*nicker n 1, v • widespread exc NEast, Gt


nig n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States nigger killer n 1 • chiefly S Atl, AL nut grass n 1 • scattered, but chiefly S Atl,

Gulf States (MAP) on prep B9 • chiefly S and Mid Atl, PA

(MAP)*Osage orange n • widespread exc S Atl,


South CarolinaIndian pullet n • chiefly FL, GA, SC joggle v 1 • chiefly SC joggling board n • chiefly SC, GA johnny cockhorse n • SC joog v • chiefly SE, esp SC Juneberry n 3 • esp SC ki intj • esp sSC, GA coast lie out v phr 2 • Sth, S Midi, esp sAppala

chians, GA, SC (MAP) limping Kate n • SC limping Susan n • SC little adj, n, v • sSC, GA coasts liver mush n • NC, SC, GA, TN liver nip n • esp SC locus preacher n • SC, GA ma n A3 (prone) • esp SC, C Atl (MAP) mamma n 1 (prone) • esp SC mamma n 1 2 • GA, SC mannersable adj • esp SC marsh tacky n • chiefly S Atl, esp SC mawmouth n • chiefly SC maybird n 2 • chiefly S Atl, esp SC me adj a • sSC, GA coasts meet v 1 • sSC coast mixed bread n • esp SC monkey n1 B4a • SC, NC moonshine n 3 • SC mosshead n • esp SC mutton corn n • chiefly S Atl, esp SC no-manners adj • sSC, GA coasts okra soup n • chiefly SC (MAP) one adv Cl • chiefly coastal SC out adv, v, adj, prep, n, exclam (prone) •

eVA, SCout v C3 • chiefly eSC, eGA (MAP) outen v 1 • chiefly PA; also SC (MAP)

Southeastjarhead n 1 • chiefly SE (MAP) jasmine n 2a • esp SE joog v • chiefly SE, esp SC July fly n 1 • chiefly SE (MAP) kerosene oil n • scattered, but esp SE, NEast

(MAP and Map Section)

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*kitchen broom n • scattered, but less freq C and Mid Atl, SE (MAP)

last pea in the dish n • chiefly SE (MAP) locust beer n • chiefly SE loggerhead shrike n • chiefly SE long drawers n pi • scattered, but chiefly

SE, C Atl, seNY (MAP) lord god n 1 • chiefly SE, esp Gulf States

(MAP)maypop n 1 • chiefly SE, Lower Missip

Valley mudfish n a • chiefly SE mulefoot n2 • esp SE nettle rash n • chiefly SE, Lower Missip

Valley, TX (MAP)

South Midlandi prep • chiefly Sth, S Midi I pron (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi I be phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi ice-cream supper n • scattered, but esp Sth,

S Midi, TX (MAP) icing n 2 • Sth, S Midi idea n 2 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi; also

NEngidea n 3 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi idlesome adj • esp S Midi if conj (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi iffen conj • chiefly Sth, S Midi -ified suff • chiefly Sth, S Midi -ify suff • chiefly Sth, S Midi ignorant adj (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi ill adj 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi illegal adj • esp Sth, S Midi in prep, adv A1 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S

Midiin prep B2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi in about adv phr • Sth, S Midi inch n, v (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi Indiana n 1 (prone) • NEng, S Midi Indian hen n 3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi Indian peach n 1 • Sth, S Midi infare n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi infare days n pi • S Midi -ing suff B1 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi in generally adv phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi ink n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi instead adv (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

NEastinstead adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp freq

among Black speakers, stedder, stidder insurance n (prone) • Sth, S Midi Irish n1, adj (prone) • esp S Midi Irish potato n • scattered, but more freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP and Map Section) iron n, v, adj (prone) • chiefly S Midi iron dog n 1 • Sth, S Midi island n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi it pron A1 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi it pron C l* scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midiit ain’t done it phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi itch n B 1 • widespread, but esp Sth, S Midi

(MAP)

itch n, v (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi ivory n2 • scattered, but more freq Sth, S

Midi, NEast (MAP) jack n 1 16 • esp Sth, S Midi jack frost n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) jackleg adj 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) jaggedy adj 1 • Sth, S Midi jailhouse n • scattered, but somewhat more

freq Sth, S Midi (MAP) jake n 1 1 • esp S Midi jake leg n1 1 • chiefly S Midi, wGulf States

(MAP) jamb-rock n • S Midijam cake n • chiefly S Midi, esp KY (MAP) jam up adj phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi jam up adv phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi jar v1 B1 • esp S Midi jarfly n 1 • chiefly S Midi (MAP) jaundice n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi,

Pjænd9(r)zl jaundice n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi, ME,

rjond9(r)z, 'ja -l jaunt n, v (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi jaw back v phr • esp Sth, S Midi jaybird n la • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S


Midi (MAP)Jay Gould n • esp Sth, S Midi jelly n 1 • esp Sth, S Midi jenny n 6 • Sth, S Midi jerk n 1 B1 • chiefly S Midi, Sth jewlark v • esp Sth, S Midi jewlarker n • Sth, S Midi Jew’s harp n • esp Sth, S Midi Jew’s harp n B3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

Missip Valley, West jimberjawed adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi jimmies n pi1 1 • esp Sth, S Midi, West jimmy-john n i » chiefly Sth, S Midi job n2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi job v2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi jobber n • chiefly S Midi joe darter n 2 • esp Gulf States, S Midi johnny house n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp

Mid and S Atl (MAP) johnny walkers n pi • S Midi, esp TN join v B1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi joint n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi joist n 1 (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi joke v • esp Sth, S Midi jokey adj • esp Sth, S Midi jolt wagon n • S Midi, esp KY (MAP) jomo n • Sth, S Midi Jordan n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi joree n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi josie n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi journey-proud adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi jower n • Sth, S Midi jower v • chiefly Sth, S Midi jowl n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) judge n, v (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi juggle n 2 • S Midi jughead n • chiefly S Midi, West

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juice V • chiefly Sth, S Midi, West (MAP) jump V 1 • esp Sth, S Midi jumper n 2 • esp Sth, S Midi jump jacket n • S Midi, esp KY jump the broom v phr • scattered, but

chiefly Sth, S Midi, TX (MAP) jump-the-rope n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)jump the rope v phr • esp Sth, S Midi june v • chiefly Sth, S Midi June apple n 1 • chiefly S Midi, esp KY just adv lb (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi just adv 2 (prone) • scattered, but esp freq

Sth, S Midi just adv 4 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi just as well adv phr • esp Sth, S Midi justice n • chiefly S Midi keen adj 1 • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi

(MAP)keen adj 2 • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi (MAP) keg n, v Al (prone) • chiefly NEast, S Midi,

SthKentucky n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi kernel n 4 • esp Sth, S Midi kettle n (prone) • chiefly S Midi, also NEast

(MAP) kettle tea n • esp S Midi kill v A (prone) • Sth, S Midi kill v B • Sth, S Midi kill v C l • chiefly Sth, S Midi kill v C2 • esp Sth, S Midi killdeer n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, SW,

Pacific (MAP) kin n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi kindly adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp

sAppalachians kinfolk n pi • widespread, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi, Cent, TX (MAP) king bee n • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) kingnut n • chiefly Sth, S Midi kinnery n • Sth, S Midi kinpeople n • Sth, S Midi kit n 2c • chiefly Sth, S Midi; also NEng kitty wants a corner n • scattered, but esp

Sth, S Midi (MAP) knee baby n • Sth, S Midi, esp NC knee-high to a grasshopper adj phr •

chiefly Sth, S Midi knock down v phr 1 • now chiefly Sth, S

Midi (MAP) knocker n 7a • Sth, S Midi know v B3a • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S


Midi (MAP) lack v 1 (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi lady n • Sth, S Midilady pea n • chiefly Sth, sS Midi (MAP)lap n • esp S Midilap child n • Sth, S Midila rk spu r n • chiefly West, S Midi (MAP)lashings n pi • esp Sth, S Midi

last button on Gabe’s coat n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP)

last of pea-time(s) n • esp Sth, S Midi,NEng

lasty adj • chiefly Appalachians, S Midi latch pin n • chiefly S Midi laugh v C l • chiefly Sth, S Midi lavish n 1 • chiefly S Midi law n 1 B1 • widespread, but more freq Sth, S

Midi (MAP) law n2, intj • now chiefly Sth, S Midi,

formerly also NEast law v • scattered, but more freq Sth, S Midi lawsy n, intj • scattered, but more freq Sth, S

Midi lay n2 • S Midilay v 1 • chiefly S Midi, Sth (MAP and Map

Section) lay v 2a • chiefly Sth, S Midi lay a corpse v phr • S Midi lay by v phr 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi lay for v phr • esp Sth, S Midi lay off v phr 2 • Sth, S Midi lay off v phr 3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi layout n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, West lay out v phr 3 • scattered, but esp S Midi layover(s) to catch meddlers n • chiefly

Sth, S Midi (MAP) layway v • chiefly S Midi leader n 1 • Sth, S Midi lead trough n • chiefly S Midi lean v A (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi learn v (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi least adj • chiefly S Midi, esp sAppalachians leastways adv • esp Sth, S Midi leather breeches n pi 1 • chiefly S Midi, esp

sAppalachians leave n 1 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi leave off v phr 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)leave out v phr 1 • Sth, S Midileg n (prone) • scattered, but more freq Sth,

S Midi less adj • chiefly S Midi less conj • chiefly Sth, S Midi lessen conj1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi let in v phr 1 • esp Sth, S Midi libel n B • esp S Midi license n 1 (prone) • chiefly S Midi lick n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, TX, OK

(MAP)lick n 5 • chiefly Sth, S Midi lick n 6 • esp S Midi lick v B4 • Sth, S Midi lick-log n • chiefly S Midi lickskillet n 2 • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) licorice n (prone) • chiefly S Midi, nNEng

(MAP)lid n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi lid n B1 • chiefly S Midi lie n 1 • esp Sth, S Midi lie down v phr 1 • scattered, but chiefly Sth,

S Midi (MAP)

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lie out v phr 2 • Sth, S Midi, esp sAppala- chians, GA, SC (MAP)

lie out v phr la • chiefly Sth, S Midi lie out v phr 3 • esp S Midi, Sth life everlasting n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi lift v 2 • esp S Midilift, on the adj phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi light v2 1 • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S Midi light v2 3 • esp S Midi light a shuck v phr • Sth, S Midi light bread n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, OK, TX

(MAP) light moon n • Sth, S Midi lightning n 1 • scattered, but esp S Midi,

Westlight roll n • chiefly Sth, S Midi lights n pi 2a • esp Sth, S Midi lights n pi 1 • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midilike v1, adj, vbl aux, n, adv, prep,

conj • chiefly Sth, S Midi like v 1 C l • NEng, Sth, S Midi like vbl aux E2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) *lima bean n • widespread, but less freq

Sth, S Midi (MAP) limber adj • scattered, but more freq Sth, S

Midilimber jack n 3 • esp Sth, S Midi limb line n • esp S Midi* limey n 1 • widespread, but less freq Sth, S

Midi (MAP) line horse n • esp Sth, S Midi line out v phr 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi linthead n • Sth, S Midi lip v 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi listen v 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi lister n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi litter n 1 • chiefly S Midi (MAP) little old adj phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi little Sally Walker n • scattered, but esp

Sth, S Midi (MAP) liver hash n • chiefly Sth, S Midi liverworth n • esp S Midi loaf bread n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) loblolly n 2 • scattered, but esp freq Sth, S

Midilocal preacher n • scattered, but chiefly Sth,

S Midi, C Atl (MAP) locked bowels n pi 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)lock horns v phr • esp S Midi, West loft n 2 • scattered, but chiefly S Midi, Sth

(MAP)logroller n 2 • esp Sth, S Midi logrolling vbl n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)lonesome adj C • chiefly S Midi long green (tobacco) n • chiefly S Midi long handles n pi • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

West (MAP and Map Section) longheaded adj 2 • Sth, S Midi *long john n 1 • widespread, but somewhat

less freq Sth, S Midi (MAP)

long red n • esp S Midi long sweetening n • chiefly Sth, S Midi long tom n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) look v B4 • chiefly Sth, S Midi look over v phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi Lord n 1 B1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) Lordy intj • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) lose time v phr • esp Sth, S Midi lot n la • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S Midi,

TX (MAP) loud adj B • chiefly Sth, S Midi Louisiana n (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi louse around v phr • esp S Midi *lousy adj 2a • widespread, but less freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP)*lousy adj 2c • widespread, but less freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP) love v D l • chiefly Sth, S Midi love bump n 1 • esp Sth, S Midi love vine n 1 • esp Sth, S Midi low adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi low blood n • chiefly Sth, S Midi low cotton n • chiefly Sth, S Midi low-down adj 1 • formerly chiefly Sth, S

Midi; now more widespread low-down adj 2 • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) low sick adj phr • Sth, S Midi, esp Gulf

States (MAP) low wine n • chiefly Sth, S Midi lumber v1 • chiefly S Midi lumber room n • scattered, but chiefly Sth,

S Midilye hominy n • chiefly Sth, S Midi ma n B 1 • esp Sth, S Midi ma’am n1 B 1 • Sth and S Midi mad adj la • widespread, but more freq Sth,

S Midi (MAP) made over ppl adj phr • esp Sth, S Midi madstone n • chiefly Sth, S Midi main adj • chiefly S Midi main strength and awkwardness n • esp

Sth, S Midi major n 1 • esp Sth, S Midi make v1 (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi make v1 C l • chiefly Sth, S Midi make v1 C9 • chiefly S Midi make v1 C l2b • esp Sth, S Midi make v1 D3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi make v1 D19 • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi

(MAP)make v1 D21 • formerly widespread, now

esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) make down v phr 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi make out v phr 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)make over v phr • chiefly S Midi; also West

(MAP)make up v phr 1 • scattered, but esp Sth, S

Midimalt corn n • chiefly S Midi mamma n 1 3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi mam-maw n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mammock n 2 • chiefly S Midi

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mammock v • chiefly Sth, S Midi mammy n 1 la • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mammy n 1 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi man n B2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi man n C2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) man n C4 • esp S Midi manner n 2 • chiefly S Midi manner n 3a • chiefly S Midi, Gulf States,

TX (MAP) mannerable adj • Sth, S Midi mannish adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi man-person n • chiefly S Midi mantelpiece n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

Atlantic (MAP) marble eye n 1 • scattered, but esp Sth, S

Midi, Missip Valley (MAP)*marble orchard n • scattered, but rare Sth,

S Midimarching around the levee n • chiefly Sth,

S Midimare n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mark v1 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mark v 1 3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi marrow n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi marry up v phr • esp S Midi, Sth marvel n 1 • chiefly S Midi mash v 1 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi massacre n, v • chiefly Sth, S Midi mast n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi master adj • chiefly S Midi, also ME master hand n • chiefly NEng, S Midi matter n1 B2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi Maud n • esp Sth, S Midi maul rails v phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi may v Aa • chiefly Sth, S Midi may v B • chiefly Sth, S Midi me pron 3a • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi me pron 3b • chiefly Sth, S Midi meadow n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

NEng*meadowlark n 1 • widespread, but less

freq Sth, S Midi (MAP) mean adj 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi *meander v • scattered, but less freq Sth, S

Midi (MAP)*meat n 1 • widespread, but less freq S Midi

(MAP and Map Section) meat n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi meat v 1 • esp S Midi meat house n 1 • chiefly S Midi (MAP) mee-maw n • chiefly Sth, S Midi meeting n i a » chiefly NEast, S Midi mellow v • esp S Midi melon n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi melt n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi memorize v B • esp S Midi mend v 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mend v 2 • chiefly S Midi mend v 4 • chiefly Sth, S Midi mend v 5 • esp S Midi menfolk(s) n pi • chiefly Sth, S Midi -ment suff A • chiefly Sth, S Midi -ment suff B • chiefly Sth, S Midi mesh n 1, v (prone) • chiefly NEng, Sth, S Midi

mess n la • chiefly NEast, Sth, S Midi mess n 3 • chiefly S Midi mess v 1 • esp Sth, S Midi Methodist n • Sth, S Midi Mef(o)dis, Metdis,

Meth(o)dis middle n • chiefly Sth, S Midi middleman n 1 • Sth, S Midi (MAP) middler n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi middling n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi middling n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) midmother n • esp Sth, S Midi mighty adj • widespread, but more freq Sth,

S Midi, NEast mighty adv • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP and

Map Section) mile n • Pronc-spp chiefly Sth, S Midi,

NEng mild milk box n • esp Sth, S Midi milk lot n • chiefly Sth, S Midi milk room n • scattered, but chiefly NEng,

Sth, S Midi (MAP) milksick n • chiefly S Midi millrock n • Sth, S Midi mincy adj • esp S Midi mind n B2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi mind v Cl • chiefly Sth, S Midi mind v C6 • chiefly Sth, S Midi mind out v phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi mingledy adj • esp Sth, S Midi *minnow n A l • widespread, but less freq

Sth, S Midi (MAP) minnow n A2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mirate v • chiefly Sth, S Midi miration n • chiefly Sth, S Midi misdoubt v • esp Sth, S Midi misery n • widespread, but more freq Sth, S

Midimislick n • chiefly Sth, S Midi misput adj 1 • esp Sth, S Midi misremember v • esp S Midi mist n 4 • esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) mist rain v phr • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mixed-breed n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, N Atl

(MAP)mixtry n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mizzle n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mizzle v 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi moaners’ bench n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mock v B • chiefly Sth, S Midi molasses n B • chiefly S Midi mole bean n 2 • esp S Midi, S Atl molly cottontail n • chiefly Sth, S Midi monkey rum n • esp S Midi monstrous adv B • chiefly Sth, S Midi month n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi moon-eyed adj 1 • chiefly S Midi moon-fixer n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mostly adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi mother’s colt, ride one’s v phr • esp S

Midimother wit n • chiefly Sth, S Midi moughty adj, adv • Sth, S Midi mountain n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi mountain boomer n 1 • chiefly S Midi

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73 South Midland

mountain dew n • scattered, but more freq Sth, S Midi (MAP)

mountain oyster n • chiefly S Midi, West mountain pheasant n • esp Sth, S Midi mourner n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mourners’ bench n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)mouth n B 1 • chiefly S Midi mowing blade n • chiefly S Midi, esp

sAppalachians (MAP)Mrs. n (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midi l'mizîz,

mtz, mislMrs. n (pronc) • esp Sth, S Midi l'mizriz,

'mistrisl much adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi much n 1 • chiefly S Midi much v • chiefly Sth, S Midi mud-fat adj • esp S Midi muffin n • chiefly Sth, S Midi mulatto adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi mule n1 5 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) mule n1 6 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) multiplying onion n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)*mumblety-peg n 1 • widespread, but less

freq Sth, S Midi (MAP) murrain n • chiefly S Midi (MAP) muscadine (grape) n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)muscle v 2 • chiefly S Midi mush n 1 3 • esp Sth, S Midi mush ice n • scattered, but esp S Midi mushroom n (pronc) • scattered, but esp

Sth, S Midi (MAP)*musical chairs n pl • widespread, but

somewhat less freq Sth, S Midi (MAP) musicianer n • chiefly S Midi, formerly also

NEngmuskmelon n (pronc) • widespread, but

more freq Sth, S Midi, N Atl (MAP) muskrat n • Pronc-spp chiefly Sth, S

Midi, .musrat musky adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi; scattered

NEast (MAP) myrtle n 1 • Pronc-spp chiefly Sth, S Midi nairn pron • Sth, S Midi naked adj (pronc) • scattered, but chiefly

Sth, S Midi, TX (MAP) name v • chiefly S Midi, esp sAppalachians nape n (pronc) • esp NEast, Sth, S Midi napper’s house, go to v phr • esp Sth, S

Midinappy adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi narrow adj, v, n (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S

Midi, less freq NEast nary adj 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) nasty v • esp S Midi nation n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi naturally adv B • Sth, S Midi nature n (pronc) • chiefly NEast, S Midi natured adj • Sth, S Midi navel n (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) near adj, adv B • chiefly Sth, S Midi nearabout(s) adv 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

near cut n • chiefly S Midi necktie party n • chiefly West; also S Midi need v 1 • chiefly S Midi needcessity n • chiefly S Midi needmore n 1 • esp S Midi ne’er adj' • chiefly Sth, S Midi neighborhood road n • chiefly Sth, S Midi nephew n B • esp S Midi nervish adj • chiefly S Midi nest n (pronc) • esp Sth, S Midi never adv B 1 • chiefly S Midi new adj (pronc) • widespread, but more freq

Sth, S Midi newground n l b » esp S Midi newspaper n • esp Sth, S Midi New Year’s gift exclam • Sth, S Midi nick-tailed adj • esp Sth, S Midi niece n • Sth, S Midi niggertoe n 5 • chiefly S Midi, TX niggertoe n 7 • esp S Midi nigger town n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) nigh adv A1 • chiefly S Midi nighabout adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi nigh cut n • chiefly S Midi nigh onto adv phr • scattered, but more freq

S Midinight glass n • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) night-hunting vbl n • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)nigra n • chiefly Sth, S Midi nigro n • chiefly Sth, S Midi nippity-tuck adv, adj • chiefly S Midi

(MAP)nit fly n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, esp KY

(MAP)no-count adj • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi (MAP) nohow adv 2 • esp S Midi norate v • chiefly S Midi, Sth noration n • chiefly S Midi, Sth north end of a chicken flying south

n • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi (MAP) note v 2 • S Midi notice v 1 • Sth, S Midi notionate adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi noway adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi nurse v • chiefly Sth, S Midi oblige v (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midi *oceans n pl • scattered, but less freq S

Midi, SW (MAP) odd-come-short n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi of prep Ba • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi of prep Be • chiefly Sth, S Midi of prep Bh • chiefly Sth, S Midi, NEast of prep C3 • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midiof prep C5 • chiefly Sth, S Midiof prep C6a • chiefly S Midioffish adj 1 • chiefly S Midi, NEngoil n 1, v (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S Midi, NEngOklahoma n (pronc) • chiefly S Midiokra n (pronc) • chiefly Sth, S MidiOld Christmas n • chiefly Mid Atl, S Midiold field n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi

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ctober 2022

Southwest 74

old-field pine n • chiefly Sth, S Midi old-field school n • Sth, S Midi old head n • chiefly Sth, S Midi old maid n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) Old Master n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi Old Ned n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi old of the moon n • esp S Midi Old Scratch n • chiefly Sth, S Midi; also

NEng (MAP) old-timey adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi on prep, adv (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi on prep B l • chiefly NEng, Sth, S Midi on prep B6 • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S

Midionce adv (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi once and occasionally adv phr • Sth, S Midi one pron B • chiefly Sth, S Midi one-eyed cat n 1 • chiefly S Midi, TX

(MAP)one-gallus(ed) adj • Sth, S Midi one-horse adj 1 • esp S Midi one-sided adj, adv • chiefly Sth, S Midi

(MAP)onion n (prone) • chiefly Sth, S Midi onliest adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi only prep B • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midi oodlins n pi • S Midi, esp KY, TN (MAP) oo-wee exclam • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) ooze n • chiefly S Midi, esp KY open adj, v (prone) • esp Sth, S Midi open barn n • esp Sth, S Midi orchard grass n • chiefly Nth, Midi, esp S

Midi (MAP) ought v • Pronc-sp chiefly Sth, S Midi ort ought v C2a • widespread, but more freq S

Midi, Sthourn pron • chiefly Sth, S Midi, NEng out adj D2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) out n FI • chiefly Sth, S Midi outdoingest adj • esp S Midi outdone adj • chiefly Sth, S Midi outfavor v • esp S Midi out of bank(s) adj phr • esp S Midi out of heart adj phr • esp S Midi oven n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi over adj C • Sth, S Midi, West over exclam F • chiefly Sth, S Midi (MAP) owing to prep phr • scattered, but esp Sth, S

Midiowlhead n 2 • esp Sth, S Midi own adj 1 • chiefly NEng, S Midi own self pron • chiefly Sth, S Midi ox n A1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi ox n A2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi ox n B 1 • scattered, but more freq Sth, S

Midi

Southwest (See also Desert Southwest)iodine bush n • SWItalian squash n • scattered, but esp CA,

SW jacal n • SWjimpsecute n • MS, SW, esp TX

junco n2 1 • chiefly SW killdeer n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, SW,

Pacific (MAP) king snake n 1 • chiefly Sth, SW kiva n • chiefly SW ladrone n • SW lechuguilla n • SW, esp TX lemon mint n 1 • esp Plains States, SW let the hammer down v phr • SW loafer n • chiefly SW loma n • esp SW maguey n 1 • Gulf States, SW majordomo n • SW malpais n • SW manada n • chiefly SW mangana n • SW mariola n • chiefly SW matchweed n • chiefly SW menudo n • chiefly SW mesa n 1 • chiefly West, esp SW, CO (MAP) mescal n • SW mescat acacia n • SW mescrew n • SW mesquital n • chiefly SW mesquite n • chiefly SW, esp TX mesquite bean n • chiefly SW mestizo n • chiefly SW metate n • chiefly SW Mexican adj, n • chiefly SW, esp TX

Mesean, Meskin, Messakin Mexican adj B1 • chiefly West, esp SW Mexican dove n • SW, esp TX Mexican mulberry n 1 • SW Mexican poppy n • chiefly SW, esp TX Mexican quail n • SW milo maize n • chiefly Plains States, SW

(MAP) milpa n • SW monte n • chiefly SW morral n (prone) • SW, esp NM, wTX mount n 1 • chiefly SW mountain boomer n 3 • chiefly Ozarks, SW mouth organ n 1 • widespread, but chiefly


Navajo tea n • SW nogal n • SW nopal n • SW*oceans n pi • scattered, but less freq S

Midi, SW (MAP) of prep Bb • esp Appalachians, Lower

Missip Valley, SW (MAP)Oklahoma rain n • chiefly SW, Plains States Old Mexico n • chiefly SW olla n • SW osha n • SW

Spanish (See also Spanish, American; Spanish, Mexican)

incienso n • [Span “incense”..! inmortal n • [Span]jabalina n • [Span jabalí wild boar, jabalina

wild sow]

Dow


ctober 2022

75 syncope

jinete n • [Span] jota n • [Span] junco n2 • [Span junco rush] ladino adj • [AmSpan < Span ladino

cunning, crafty] ladrone n • [Span ladrón] laguna n • [Span] lasso n, v • [Span lazo] látigo n • [Span]lent n 1 • [Perh < Span lento slow, sluggish] liza n2 • [Span lisa, liza mullet] loafer n • [Folk-etyms for Span lobo wolf] lobo n • [Span]loco adj • [Span “crazy, insane”] loma n • [Span] luminaria n • [Span]Madeira n • [..var of Span madera wood..] madreselva n • [Span “honeysuckle”] madrone n • [Span madroño] malpais n • [Span mal bad + país country] manada n • [Span “herd”] mangana n • [Span “lasso”] mangle n1 • [Span < Taino] manta n • [Span “blanket, cloak”] manzana apple n • [..Span manzana apple] manzanilla n • [Span dimin of manzana

apple]manzanita n • [Span dimin of manzana

apple]mariposa n • [Span “butterfly”] mauger adj • [..Ital, Port, Span magro] medialuna n • [Span “half moon”] menudo n • [Span menudo entrails] mesa n • [Span “table”] mesquital n • [Span mezquital] mestizo n • [Span “mixed, hybrid”] mimbre n • [Span mimbre osier, willow] mochila n • [Span] mogote n • [MexSpan < Span mogote

hillock]mojarra n • [Span mojarra, var of moharra

spearhead] (MAP) monte n • [Span “thicket”] morral n • [Span morral] nigger n 1 • [nigger < earlier neger < Fr

nègre < Span, Port negro..] nogal n • [Span]nubia n • [..< Span nube shawl, literally

“cloud”] olla n • [Span]orejana n • [Span orejano, -na, adj..< oreja

ear]

Spanish, Americanislay n • [AmSpan]

jerk v2 • [..from AmSpan charquear < charqui]

jerky n2 • [AmSpan charqui < Quechua ch ’arki] (MAP)

ladino adj • [AmSpan < Span ladino cunning, crafty]

lariat n • [AmSpan la reata the rope, lasso] maguey n • [AmSpan] majordomo n • [AmSpan mayordomo]

Spanish, Mexicanjacal n • [MexSpan < Nahuatl xacalli hut] jalapeño n • [MexSpan < jalapeño

pertaining to Jalapa Enriquez, Veracruz, Mexico] (MAP)

jilote n • [MexSpan] lechillo n • [MexSpan] lechuguilla n • [MexSpan lechuguilla] leppy n • [MexSpan lepe an orphan calf] mal de ojos n • [MexSpan..] mariola n • [MexSpan] mecate n • [MexSpan] mescal n • [MexSpan mezcal..< Nahuatl

mexcalli..]mesquite n • [MexSpan mezquite < Nahuatl

mizquitl]metate n • [MexSpan < Nahuatl metatl] metiche n • [MexSpan] milpa n • [MexSpan milpa] mogote n • [MexSpan < Span mogote hillock] monilla n • [MexSpan] nopal n • [MexSpan nopalli, ult < Nahuatl..] ocote n • [MexSpan < Nahuatl ocotl torch] ocotillo n • [MexSpan ocotillo.., dimins of

ocote]

Swedishish intj • [Norw isj, Dan, Sw isch] kispel n • [..cf Sw kisse cat, spel game] krumkake n • [..Sw krumkaka..] limpa n • [Sw] lingonberry n • [Sw lingon] lutefisk n • [Norw lutefisk; Sw lutfisk; Dan


mager..]mom-mom n • [Cf Sw, Norw mormor

maternal grandmother] (MAP) ostkaka n • [Sw ostkaka, Norw ostekake]

Swiss German See German, Swiss

syncopenessy n • [Perh by syncope from neces

sary..]

Dow


ctober 2022

TTaino

mangle n 1 • [Span < Taino]

Tennesseejakeleg adj, n2 • Gulf States, TN johnny walkers n pi • S Midi, esp TN landside plow n • esp NEng, TN, KY laying-off plow n • esp KY, TN liver mush n • NC, SC, GA, TN Melungeon n • sAppalachians, esp eTN mountain trots n pi • esp TN neutral strip n • TNoodlins n pi • S Midi, esp KY, TN (MAP)

Texasice-cream supper n • scattered, but esp Sth,

S Midi, TX (MAP) icehouse n 2 • chiefly TX Indian n B6 • esp Gulf States, TX (MAP) Indian blanket n • chiefly TX Indian pink n 3 • esp TX istle n • chiefly TX jabalina n • esp TX jalapeno n • orig chiefly TX, but now

widely recognized (MAP) jimplecute n 2 • esp AR, MS, MO, TX jimpsecute n • MS, SW, esp TX joint vetch n • esp TX jump the broom v phr • scattered, but

chiefly Sth, S Midi, TX (MAP)Juneteenth n • chiefly OK, TX kinfolk n pi • widespread, but chiefly Sth, S

Midi, Cent, TX (MAP) kisses n 3 • TXkiss-me-and-I’Il-tell-you n 1 • chiefly TX,

Gulf States ladino adj • esp TX laguna n • chiefly TX, CA lap v2 • esp sAppalachians, TX larruping adj 1 • esp W Midi, TX, OK

(MAP) lazy daisy n 1 • esp TX lechuguilla n • SW, esp TX leopard dog n • esp LA, TX lick n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, TX, OK

(MAP)light bread n • chiefly Sth, S Midi, OK, TX

(MAP) lobo n 1 • chiefly TXlot n la • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S Midi,

TX (MAP) manner n 3a • chiefly S Midi, Gulf States,

TX (MAP) mantelboard n • esp TX, Lower Missip

Valley (MAP)

marais n • chiefly LA, eTX margil n • esp TX mayapple n 5 • TX mayberry n 1 • esp TX meadow pink n 4 • TX mealy-cup sage n • TX melon loco n • chiefly TX mesquite n • chiefly SW, esp TX mesquite grass n 2c • esp TX Methodist pallet n • esp AR, TX Mexican adj, n • chiefly SW, esp TX

Mescan, Meskin, Messakin Mexican adj B3 • esp TX, Gulf States Mexican apple n • esp TX Mexican ash n • esp TX Mexican dove n • SW, esp TX Mexican hat n • esp TX Mexican heliotrope n • TX Mexican lion n • TX Mexican poppy n • chiefly SW, esp TX Mexican town n • chiefly TX, CO middlebuster n 1 • chiefly Sth, TX (MAP) milk pen n • esp Gulf States, TX mimbre n • TXMissouri primrose n • esp TX, OK mogote n • chiefly TX monkey blood n • esp TX morral n • SW, esp NM, wTX mosshorn n • West, esp TX motte n • chiefly TX (MAP) mountain cedar n • esp TX mountain grape n 1 • esp TX mountain laurel n 5 • chiefly TX, NM mountain pink n 3 • West, esp TX mouse snake n 1 • chiefly TX mule-eared rabbit n • TX mustang grape n • chiefly TX, OK naked adj (prone) • scattered, but chiefly

Sth, S Midi, TX (MAP) naked Indian n • TX nettle rash n • chiefly SE, Lower Missip

Valley, TX (MAP) net wire n • scattered, but chiefly Lower

Missip Valley, TX (MAP) nigger n 1 B 11 • scattered, but chiefly Midi,

Gulf States, TX (MAP) niggerhead n 3b • chiefly TX, Lower Missip

Valley (MAP) nigger-shooter n • chiefly Gulf States, TX niggertoe n 5 • chiefly S Midi, TX norther n • chiefly TX (MAP)Old Hannah n • esp TX one-eyed cat n 1 • chiefly S Midi, TX

(MAP)ought v C3a • chiefly Sth, TX

Dow


ctober 2022

77 Twi

Tlingitnagoonberry n • [Tlingit neigoon]

trademark; trade nameIndia n B2 • [From trademark A Royal

Game o f India] jimmies n pi2 • [Trademark] jimmy n 4 • [Perh trademark] lively lad n • [Trademark] lombard n • [Trademark Lombard, orig for

a steam tractor used in logging] moxie n 2 • [Moxie trademark (1924) for a

soft drink..] (MAP)

oreo n • [Oreo, trade name for a cookie with chocolate wafers on the outside and vanilla cream filling]

Tupi-Guaranimaringouin n • [Fr < Tupi-Guarani

marigoui mosquito]

Twijuba n • [..cf DJE Juba, day-name in Twi

for women bom on Monday]

Dow


ctober 2022

U VUpper Midwest

♦knock v 1 • scattered exc N Cent, Upper MW (MAP)

kolacky n • chiefly WI, Upper MW (MAP) last couple out n • esp Upper MW, KS

(MAP)long john n 2 • scattered, but chiefly Upper


lutefisk n • chiefly Upper MW, WI, nwIL (MAP)

mayflower n 3b • chiefly Upper MW Mother Hubbard squash n • esp Upper

MW*nanny n 1 • scattered exc nNEng, Upper

MW, Cent (MAP) niggerwool n 1 • esp Upper MW Norski n • chiefly MI, WI, Upper MW,

Pacific NW (MAP) owly adj • chiefly Upper MW, Gt Lakes

(MAP)

Upper Mississippi Valley See Mississippi Valley, Upper

Upstate New York See New York, Upstate

urbanklutz n • esp in urban areas ofay n • chiefly urban

Utahleatherside minnow n • esp UT lucerne n • formerly more widespread, now

esp UT, ID Mormon derrick n • esp UT, ID, eOR Mormon tree n • UT mountain herring n • esp UT oose n • UT

Vermontjeezum crow intj • VT, nNY leaf peeper n • NEng, esp VT lunge'n1 • esp VT Northeast Kingdom n • VT

Virginiaissue n B1 • Mid Atl, esp VA jack-house n • esp VA jag n2 Id • esp MD, VA Japanese hornet n • esp VA jimmy n 3 • Chesapeake Bay, VA and NC

coastskitty n 3 • esp KY, MD, VA (MAP) long v B l • esp VA lug n2 1 • chiefly KY, VA lumber n 1 1 • esp VA maggot-eater n • NC, VA minnow n A5 • esp eMA, VA moonack n 1 • esp MD, VA mountain ivy n • chiefly sAppalachians, esp

VAold hen n • esp VAon prep B2c • esp VA oniony adj • chiefly NC, VA (MAP and Map

Section) ordinary n • esp VA out adv, v, adj, prep, n, exclam (prone) •

eVA, SCout adv, v, adj, prep, n, exclam (prone) •

chiefly nNEng, nNY, Mid Atl, esp eVA

Dow


ctober 2022

wWashington

iron chink n • AK, WA marblehead n 2 • WA

Washington, DCknocker n 7c • DC

Welshmetheglin n • [Welsh meddyg medicinal +

llyn liquor..]

Westidiot stick n la • chiefly West Indian potato n d • West Indian side n • West Irish buggy n • chiefly West (MAP) irrigate v B • esp West jacket v • West jack Mormon n • esp West jackpot n i » esp West Jackson fork n • West jag n2 la • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) jerk line n 1 • chiefly West jerky n2 • scattered, but chiefly West (MAP) ♦Jerusalem, going to n 1 • scattered, but

esp NEast; infreq West (MAP)Jewish flag n • esp West Jew’s harp n B3 • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

Missip Valley, West jibe v • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) jiggered, I’ll be phr • chiefly Nth, N Midi,

West (MAP) jimmies n pi1 1 • esp Sth, S Midi, West jimmyweed n • West jinglebob n 1 • West John B n * WestJohn Chinaman n • chiefly West Johnson grass n 1 • chiefly Sth, West, W

Midijug handle n 2 • West jughead n • chiefly S Midi, West juice v • chiefly Sth, S Midi, West (MAP) June grass n lb • chiefly West June grass n Id • West June rise n • West kangaroo mouse n 2 • West kangaroo rat n • West kaput adj B • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)keeps n pi 1 • scattered, but chiefly West, W

Midi (MAP) kettle n (prone) • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP)kike n • widespread, but more freq NEast, N

Cent, West (MAP)

king’s crown n • West kipe v • scattered, but esp West (MAP) kitty-corner adv, adj 1 • chiefly Nth, N

Midi, West (MAP and Map Section) knotgrass n 3 • West kokanee (salmon) n • West, esp AK, NW,

Rocky Mts kyack n2 • Westlagging line n • chiefly West, Gulf States, W

Midi, esp sIL (MAP) lag line n • chiefly West, Missip Valley, sNJ

(MAP) lariat n • chiefly West lariat v • chiefly West larkspur n • chiefly West, S Midi (MAP) larrup n 2 • chiefly West lash rope n • West lasso n, v • chiefly West lass-rope n • West latigo n • Westlayout n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midi, West lazy adj • esp West*learn v B 1 • scattered, but less freq West

(MAP) leather n la • West lemita n • West leppy n • West lick n 7 • chiefly West lightning n 1 • scattered, but esp S Midi, West limb v 1 • chiefly NEng, West line camp n • West line rider n • West linnet n 4 • West, esp CA lion n • formerly widespread, now chiefly

Westlion’s beard n • chiefly West liverwurst n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP) lobelia n B2 • West lock horns v phr • esp S Midi, West ♦lockup n • scattered, but less freq West

(MAP)loco adj • orig chiefly West, now more

widespread loco n 1 • chiefly West loco v • chiefly West locoweed n • West (MAP) logy adj 1 • scattered, but more freq Nth, N

Midi, West (MAP) long adj B4 • chiefly West long bit n • Westlongear n 1 • chiefly N Cent, West (MAP) longear n 2 • Westlong handles n pi • chiefly Sth, S Midi,

West (MAP and Map Section)

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ctober 2022

West 80

longhorn n 1 • chiefly West longhorn n 2 • chiefly West long rider n • West long rope n • West long tom n 2 • chiefly West loose-herd v • West*lot n lb(2) • widespread, but less freq N

Atl, West (MAP) low beam n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, C Atl,

West (MAP) lug n1 1 • chiefly Upper Missip Valley, West

(MAP)lummox n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP) lunger n • chiefly West macheer n • Westmackerel-snapper n • esp Inland Nth, N

Midi, West (MAP) maguey n 2 • West mahogany n 2b • West make over v phr • chiefly S Midi; also West

(MAP) makings n • chiefly West man-at-the-pot n, exclam • West man-of-the-earth n 2 • West manroot n 1 • West manzanita n • West maple bar n • West (MAP) maple-leaved mallow n • West marker n 1 • West marmot n a • now chiefly West marrow gut n • chiefly West marsh muhly n • West mash v 1 1 • widespread, but chiefly Sth,

Midi; also West (MAP) mat muhly n • West maverick n • chiefly West maverick v 1 • West*mayapple n 1 • widespread exc West; less

freq NEast, Sth (MAP) meadow n (prone) • chiefly Nth, N Midi,

West*measuring worm n • widespread exc

NEng, West (MAP) meat-in-the-pot n • esp West mecate n • chiefly West *median (strip) n le • scattered, but rare

Sth, West (MAP) mesa n 1 • chiefly West, esp SW, CO (MAP) mesquite grass n • chiefly West mess box n • chiefly West mess house n • chiefly West Mexican adj B 1 • chiefly West, esp SW Mexican bean n 1 • chiefly West (MAP) mig n • chiefly Nth, West (MAP) milk train n • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP) mill n 1 1 • West mill v • Westminer’s consumption n • chiefly West, esp

CA, NV, CO (MAP) mission bells n • West, esp CA Missouri gourd n • West

mitt n 2 • chiefly Nth, Midi, West (MAP)mochila n • Westmock cucumber n • chiefly Westmopboard n • chiefly Nth, West (MAP)mosshorn n • West, esp TXmother up v phr • esp Westmountain ash n 2 • Westmountain bluebell n 1 • Westmountain canary n • chiefly West (MAP)mountain hare n • West, AKmountain heath n 1 • chiefly West, AKmountain heather n 2 • chiefly West, AKmountain jay n 1 • West, esp CAmountain juniper n • chiefly West, AKmountain laurel n 4 • Westmountain lilac n • Westmountain lily n 2 • Westmountain lion n • chiefly West (MAP)mountain mahogany n 2 • Westmountain oak n b • West, esp CAmountain oyster n • chiefly S Midi, Westmountain pink n 3 • West, esp TXmountain rat n • Westmountain sucker n • Westmow n 1 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP)Mrs. n (prone) • chiefly Nth, N Midi, Westmuck n1 2 • chiefly Westmuck v • chiefly Westmucker n 1 1 • chiefly Westmuck stick n • Westmud dauber n 1 • chiefly Midi, West (MAP

and Map Section) mud dauber n 2 • chiefly West mud hen n i b * widespread, but more freq

Inland Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) mud swallow n • chiefly West; also PA, NY,

NJ (MAP) mud wagon n 1 • chiefly West mush n2 • esp Nth, West *mushrat n 1 • widespread exc West (MAP) *muskmelon n (prone) • widespread, but

less freq Sth, West (MAP) musk plant n • scattered, but esp West mustard pickle n • chiefly Nth, N Midi,

West (MAP) mutton puncher n • West nail bar n • scattered, but esp West, Gulf

States (MAP) neck v 1 • chiefly West necktie party n • chiefly West; also S Midi needlegrass n 1 • chiefly West nester n • chiefly West netting (wire) n • chiefly Upper Missip

Valley, West (MAP) nib n 1 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West (MAP) nigger fish v phr • scattered, but more freq

Inland Nth, West (MAP) nighthawk n 5 • West night herd v phr • West night herder n • West night horse n • West nightmare n • West no-host adj phr • chiefly West

Dow


ctober 2022

81 women

*notch n 2 • scattered, but less freq NEast, West (MAP)

oiled road n • scattered, but chiefly West, NEast (MAP)

old-man’s-beard n 7 • esp West old-man’s-whiskers n 1 • esp West old-man’s-whiskers n 3 • West on prep, adv (prone) • chiefly Inland Nth,

Westone old cat n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midi, West

(MAP) orejana n • West out adv B 1 • West, esp AK outfit n • chiefly West outlaw n 1 • formerly chiefly West, now

widespread outrider n • chiefly West outside man n 1 • West over adj C • Sth, S Midi, West oxbow stirrup n • chiefly West

West African See African

West Indianman n C2 • [..also characteristic of West

Indian Creoles..]

West MidlandJohnson grass n 1 • chiefly Sth, West, W Midi keeps n pi 1 • scattered, but chiefly West, W

Midi (MAP) knuck n 1 2a • esp W Midi (MAP) lagging line n • chiefly West, Gulf States, W

Midi, esp sIL (MAP) larruping adj 1 • esp W Midi, TX, OK

(MAP)live in adultery v phr • scattered, but chiefly

W Midi, S Atl (MAP) mango n 2 • chiefly W Midi (MAP)* mouth harp n 1 • scattered, but less freq

NEast, W Midi (MAP and Map Section) oats n pi 1 • chiefly W Midi (MAP)

west of Mississippi River See Mississippi River, west of

West Virginiajassack n • scattered, but esp WV (MAP) jim v 1 • esp WVlast-go-trade n • chiefly Mid and S Atl, WV

(MAP)lather down, keep one’s v phr • esp WV

(MAP)

Whitenigger n 1 B la • Used in a depreciatory sense

by White speakers nigger n1 B lc • Used in a relatively neutral

or affectionate sense by White speakers

Wisconsininso interrog exclam • WI ish intj • esp MN, WI ishy adj • esp MN, WI jackpine savage n • esp MN, WI julebukk n • WI, MN, ND in Norw

settlement areas jumper n 12 • esp WI Juneberry n 1 • chiefly MI, MN, WI; also

PA (MAP) kermis(s) n • chiefly ceWI Kilby n • csWI, in Swiss settlement area kittenball n • IA, MN, WI kolacky n • chiefly WI, Upper MW (MAP) kram n • esp WI kram v • esp WIkringle n • Scan settlement areas, esp WI krumkake n • chiefly MN, WI lannon stone n • WI lawyer n B4 • esp MI, MN, WI (MAP) leeky adj • MI, WIlefse n • Norw settlement areas, esp MN, WI limpa n • chiefly IL, MN, ND, WI little n C2 • Ger settlement areas, esp PA,

WIlutefisk n • chiefly Upper MW, WI, nwIL

(MAP) maybell n 1 • esp WI menominee n • chiefly MI, MN, WI minnow n B2e • esp MN, WI mousie n 1 • esp WI, MN noodle v2 • WINorski n • chiefly MI, WI, Upper MW,

Pacific NW (MAP) northern n 1 • chiefly MN, WI (MAP) Norway pine n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes,


MI

womenicky adj • esp freq among young and mid

aged speakers and among women (MAP) kitty n 3 • esp freq among women (MAP) law n2, intj • esp freq among women mother dear n • chiefly among women

(MAP)

Dow


ctober 2022

YYiddish

I should worry phr • [Prob ult from a Yiddish phr]

kishke n • [Yiddish, ult of Slavic origin..] klutz n • [Yiddish, cognate with Ger Klotz..] krex v • [..Yiddish krekhts(e)n..] kuchen n • [Ger, Yiddish Kuchen cake..]

(MAP) kugel n • [Yiddish] kvetch v • [Yiddish kvetchen] latke n • [Yiddish]mocky n1 • [Prob Yiddish makeh a boil,

sore, plague]Molly Putz n • [..cf also Yiddish putz a fool,

objectionable person] nebbish n • [Yiddish] nosh n • [Yiddish nash a snack]

nosh v • [..also Yiddish nashn, nasher..] noshery n • [..perh infl by Yiddish nasherei

snacks]

Yokutsmahala n • [Yokuts mokel women]

youngicky adj • esp freq among young and mid

aged speakers and among women (MAP) klutz n • esp freq among young speakers moly, holy exclam • esp freq among young

speakers

Yupikmukluk n • [Yupik maklak bearded seal]

Dow


ctober 2022

Documents

affection; affectionate - Duke University Press