37 浙江姬小蜂科分类学研究膜翅目小蜂总科英文

第 26 卷第 4 期

2 0 0 1 年 1 0 月

动物分类学报ACTAZOOTAXONOMICA SINICA

Vol. 26, No. 4

Oct . , 2 0 0 1

1) The project is supported by National Natural Sc ience Foundat ion of China ( No. 39625004, 30000016) , partly funded by

Young Scient ist Grants of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ( C-2999081 ) . Seni or author is also supported by Foster Fund for

Young Scholars from NSFC ( Allocated to the Zoological Museum, Inst itute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) . S ome dis-

tributional records are deduced from invest igat ions of fauna in Guangxi and Gansu, which are respect ively supported by two Major

Projects from Chinese Academy of Sciences ( KZ915-B1-103 and A2198036) .

2) To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Email: huangdw@ panda. ioz. ac. cn

Recei ved 26 Dec. 2000, accepted 20 June 2001.

533

A TAXONOMIC STUDY ON EULOPHIDAE

FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA1)

( HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA)

ZHU Chao-Dong HUANG Da-Wei2)

( Insti tu te of Zoology , Chinese A cademy of S ciences, Beij ing 100080)

Abstract Basing on recently co llected mater ials in Zhejiang and those deposited in Institute o f Zoology , we

studied 35 species in 20 gener a, w hich respectively belong to four subfamilies of Eulophidae. Four genera

and 26 species are reported from China for the first time. An integrated key to subfamilies, genera and

species is provided. SEM pictures have been used to clarify some characters in Eulophidae. Host ranges and

distr ibutional records have been recorded fo r each species. A preliminary faunistic analysis has been prov id-

ed.

Key words H ymenoptera, Eulophidae, taxonomy, new record, Zhejiang Province.

Eulophidae is one of the largest families in Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera. It contains more de-

scribed species than any other fam ily of Chalcido idea ( Noyes, 1998) . Def inition of Eulophidae has

been relat ively simple and stable: tarsi in both sexes 4-segmented, funicle generally up to 4-seg-

mented, protibial spur short and st raight. Eulophidae is current ly div ided into four subfamilies:

Eulophinae, Euderinae, Tet rast ichinae and Entedoninae. It displays a remarkable degree of diver-

sity in their biolog ies. They are predominantly parasitoids of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera

and Hymenoptera. However, some species attack more than 100 families of hosts in 10 insect or-

ders as w ell as eggs of Arachnida and nematodes ( LaSalle, 1990, 1994) . A number of eulophids

are parasitoids of insects concealed in plant t issue, such as leaf miners, w oodborers, leaf rollers,

and gal-l makers.

Our experience of field collect ion has show n that eulophids form a large part of Chinese para-

sit ic Hymenoptera fauna. As such, the Eulophidae can be expected to play a very important eco-

logical role in China. Parasit ic Hymenoptera species are integ ral and valuable components in main-

taining ecological balance and promot ing diversity in other organisms ( LaSalle & Gauld, 1993) .

Despite their signif icancant, there has been lit tle systemat ic work on Chinese Eulophidae until our

recent papers ( Zhu et al . , 1999, 2000a, 2000b, 2000c) .

Zhejiang has been a focus of insect faunist ics in China for it s special location betw een Palearc-

t ic and Oriental Regions. But Eulophidae is rarely recorded in this region t ill recent ly ( He et al . ,

1979) . We consider the reasons are not only generally small body size and crimpled exoskeleton of

most eulophids, but also lack of systematic collect ion and ident if icat ion of eulophids collected in

this province. In last 3-4 years, we conducted detailed invest igat ions all over China ( Zhu et al . ,

1999, 2000a, 2000b) .

Above all, the purposes of this paper are: 1) to provide an integrated key to subfamilies,

g enera and species occurring in Zhejiang ; 2) to report g enera or species of Eulophidae new ly

recorded for China; 3) to provide a prelim inary faunist ic analysis of Zhejiang fauna of Eulophidae.

Key to subfamilies, genera and species

1. Notauli clearly visible, complete to anterior margin of axillae or scutellum 2, , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,M esoscutum with notauli incom plete, in posterior half or third not present or hardly dist inct , or transform ed to broad depressions

6, , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

2. Both sexes: forew ing usually with bare area extending f rom parast igma to st igmal vein behind marginal vein , except for dist inct

row of admarginal setae on vent ral side of w ing, and usually w ith 2-3 row s of setae radiating f rom st igma; or if f orew ing w ithout

radiating row s of setae, then antenna of male diff erent f rom female, nodose w ith whorls of long setae; female gaster w ith Gt7

separated f rom Gt8 anterior to cerci, thus having 8 distinct segment ( Euderinae) Euderus masoni Yoshimoto, , , , , , ,Both sexes: forew ing dif ferent, if w ith bare area behin d marginal vein then w ithout row s of setae radiat ing from st igma and an-

tenna of male similar to female, w ithout w horls of long setae; female gaster w ith 7 visible segments ( Fig11) 3, , , , , ,3. Axillae not angulately advanced, or if approaching such a case, then scutum and scutellum mostly w ith dist inct ly dense deep retic-

ulation and anterior pair of setae situated in anterior third; submarginal vein often continuous w ith parast igma and postmarginal

vein very dist inct 4, ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,Axillae strongly angulately advanced along hind portion of the straight , groove-like notauli, or, if axillae only moderately ad-

van ced, then anterior pair of 4 setae on scutellum near to middle or behind middle of sclerit e, scutellum and scutellum with del-i

cate s culpture; scutellum mostly w ith almost parallel submedian grooves ( Fig12) ; submarginal vein usually not smoothly cont inu-

ous w ith parastigma; postmarginal vein mostly rudim entary ( Tetrast ichinae) 26, ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,4. S ubmarginal vein at distal end smoothly curving into parast igma; notauli either almost st raight posteriorly and then axillae not or

only moderately advanced, or notauli curving out to meet the advanced axillae; postmarginal vein most ly longer than, rarely only

as long as , the stigmal; scutellum often with sublateral grooves with anteriorly join axillar grooves ( Fig13) ( Eulophinae) 7,Submarginal vein tapering to apex, not continuous w ith parast igma; other characters also dif ferent ( Tetrast ichinae) 26, , ,

6. S cutellum w ith at least tw o pairs of setae ( Fig13) , in some species w ith additional pilosity; submarginal vein not st rongly tapering

distally, mostly continuous w ith the parast igma, w ith at least 4 dorsal setae; stigmal vein usually long and in most forms post-

marginal vein dist inct , often longer than the st igmal ( Eulophinae) 7, , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,S cutellum only with one pair of setae an d no oth er pilosity ( Fig14) ; submarginal vein st rongly tapering at apex, not cont inuous or

smoothly joining the parastigma, only w ith 2 dorsal setae, rarely only w ith one; st igmal vein alw ays very short , the postmarginal

vein usually st ill shorter ( rarely longer) than the st igmal ( Entedoninae) 18, , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,7. Hind tibia w ith on e spur dist inct ly longer than basitarsus ( Fig15) 8, , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Hind tibia w ith spur( s) not longer than basitarsus ( Fig16) 9, , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

8. Head completely black Euplectrus nigrescens Ferri�re, 1941, , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,Head w ith supraclypeal area, clypeus, or part to complete gena yellow or reddish brown

Eup lectrus noctuidiphagus Yasumatsu

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , ,

9. Propodeum w ith t ransverse costulae, median carina and angulate plicae; sloping sides of scutellum often abrupt ly smooth or much

shin ier than ret iculate dorsum; mesoscutum w ith numerous hairs ( Fig17) Pnigal io phragmi tis ( ErdÊ s, 1954), , , , , ,Propodeum w ithout costulae; also scutellum and mesoscutum of ten dif ferent ( Fig18) 10

10. Funicle 2-segm ented ( Fig19) 11, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Funicle 3-or 4-segmented ( Figs110, 11) 15, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,11. Torulus close to mouth margin, separated f rom anterior ocellus by at least three times distance from torulus to mouth margin

( Fig112) ; f orew ing w ith areas of darkened and thickened setae or dark spots behind venat ion; scutellum w ithout submarginal

grooves ( Fig113) Tr ichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu, , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,Torulus in middle of face or only slightly closer to mouth margin ( Fig114) ; forew ing usually hyaline, or occasionally w ith dark-

ened areas but then w ithout dark setae; scutellum w ith or w ithout submedian grooves ( Fig13) 12, , , , , , , , , , ,

12. Notauli incomplete Diglyphus begini Ashmead,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , ,Notauli complete ( Fig13) ( Cirrospi lu s) 13, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

13. Propodeum smooth or light ly an d regularly sculptured, at most evenly ret iculate or w ith one or tw o short carina extending from

posterior margin; plicae and rugae absent , although median carina usually present ( Fig115) 14, , , , , , , , , , , ,

534 动物分类学报 26 卷

Propodeum w ith dist inct and st rong sculpture, and/ or dist inct plicae sculpture usually much st ronger than that on scutellum; pl-i

cae present or absent; distinct rugae often present , m edian carina present or absent Cirrosp ilus ingenuus Gahan, , , , ,14. Speculum large, extending anteriorly to about half length of marginal vein, although setae may be present in this area on vent ral

side of w ing; forew ing probably having infumated spot on disc; male usually w ith black spot on otherw ise yellow m iddle t ibia;

this spot somet imes also present in female; color variable Cirrosp ilus p ictus ( Nees), , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , ,Speculum never so large, not extending past 1/ 3 length of marginal vein; forew ing hyaline; male w ithout a black spot on other-

w ise yellow middle t ibia Cirrospilus brevis Zhu, LaSalle et Huang, ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,15. Notauli complete; propodeum w ith submedian carinae; male funicle w ithout branches Stenomesius japonicus ( Ashmead),

Notauli incomplete; propodeum w ith at m ost one median carina; male funicle usually w ith long branches 16, , , , , , ,16. Funicle 3-segm ented Eulophus abdominal is Nees, 1834, , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Funicle 4-segm ented 17,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

17. Gaster elongate, at least 1. 5 times as long as head plus thorax; last tergite at least 3 t imes as long as broad

Sympiesi s dol ichogaster Ashmead

, , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,Gaster at most 1. 2 t imes as long as h ead plus thorax; last tergite at most 1. 5 t imes as long as broad

Symp iesis gordius (Walker)

, , , , , , , , ,, , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , ,

18. Propodeum with com plete, dist inct median or submedian carinae, an d often with pl icae 19, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,Propodeum without complete, dist in ct median or submedian carinae and rarely w ith plicae 22, , , , , , , , , , , , ,

19. Propodeum medially w ith single carina in groove or depression and laterally w ithout plicae; frontofacial sutures usually absent ;

petiole without ventrally pointed extension Entedon methion Walker, 1839, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , ,Propodeum medially w ith 2 subparallel carinae diverging posteriorly and w ith distinct plicae; frontal sutures dist inct ; pet iole in

most species, w ith vent rally pointed extension ( Ped iobius ) 20, , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

20. Plicae very h ighly step-like and posterior outer angle of submedian area unusually prot ruding above hind coxa; antenna in female

very stout, short and st rongly clavate Pediobius claviger ( Thomson, 1878), , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,Plicae never steeply step-like; female antenna never strongly clavate 21, , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

21. Female abdominal pet iole quadrate to sl ight ly elongate; gaster shorter, at most 1. 9 t imes as long as broad, w ith basal tergite oc-

cupying one-third or more of the gaster; scutellum hardly longer than broad; first funicle sometimes shorter than pedicel

Pediobius metal licus ( Nees, 1834)

,, , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Female petiole sl ight ly to obviously t ransverse; gaster longer, at least 1. 8 t im es as long as broad, w ith basal tergite covering

one-third or less of dorsal surface; scutellum alw ays longer than broad; f irst funicle nearly alw ays longer than pedicel

Pediobius eubius (Walker, 1839)

, , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

22. Postmarginal vein usually 1. 5-2. 0 times longer than stigmal vein; petiole dist in ct and usually w ith irregular dorsal sculpture

( Chrysochari s) 23, , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,Postmarginal vein not or only barely longer than st igmal vein; pet iole usually not obvious and not sculptured 24, , , , ,

23. Raised surface of abdominal petiole longer than length of propodeum Chrysocharis vi ridis ( Nees, 1834), , ,, , , , ,Raised surface of abdominal petiole at most as long as length of propodeum Chrysochar is clarkae Yoshimot, 1973, , , , ,

24. Clypeus dist inct , separated f rom lower face by dist inct sutures or dif ferent color ( Omp hale) 25, , , , , , , , , , ,Clypeus not dist inct , not separated f rom low er face by sutures or by dif ferent color

Closterocerus trif asciatus Westwood, 1833

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

25. Body complete dark Omphale elongata Hansson, 1996, , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Head and dorsal surface of pronotum and m esoscutum dark w hile scutellum , propodeum and vent ral part of propleuron yellow

Omphale sp., , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , ,26. Propodeum with inverted Y-shaped paraspiracular carina just medial to spiracle ( Tet rasti ch us) 27, , , , , , , , , , ,

Propodeum without inverted Y-shaped carina medial to spiracle 28, , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,27. S ubmarginal vein with 2 dorsal setae; propodeum part ly rugous with st raight plicae; male flagellum yellow w ith black clava

Tetrastichus howardi ( Olliff, 1893), , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , ,Submarginal vein with only 1 dorsal seta; propodeum not rugous or w ith st raight plicae; male f lagellum w ithout black clava

Tetrastichus coelarchus Graham, 1991, , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , ,28. Funicle w ith all segments longer than broad and w ith at least third segment having long curved sensilla extending beyond apex of

segment ; mesoscutum often only with 1 adnotaular seta Quadrastichus anysis (Walker, 1839), , , , , , , , , , , ,

Funicle w ith at least th ird segment, and of ten the others, quadrate or w ider than longer and segments w ithout long, curved lon-

gitudinal sensilla; mesoscutum w ith 2 or more adnotaular setae 29, , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,29. Forewing with st igmal vein shorter than or as long as parast igma, and marginal vein 7. 0- 9. 5 t imes as long as st igmal vein;

propodeum with sculpture stronger than that on mesoscutum or scutellum ( Neot ri chop oroides) 30, , , , , , , , , , ,Forewing w ith st igmal vein usually longer than parast igma and marginal vein at most 6. 0 t imes as long as st igmal vein;

propodeum with sculpture not dist inct ly st ronger than that on mesoscutum or scutellum 32, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

5354 期朱朝东等: 浙江姬小蜂科分类学研究(膜翅目:小蜂总科)

30. Body completely dark Neotrichoporoides sp., , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,Body at least part ly yellow 31, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

31. Yellow species w ith characterist ic pat terns of black, metallic-t inged mark ings w hich tend to form broken longitudinal st ripes

Neotrichoporoides virid imaculatus ( Fullaway, 1955), , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,Body most ly dark, w ith only orbit s and low er half of head yellow N Neotr ichoporoides nyemitawus ( Rohwer, 1921), ,,

32. S cutellum w ithout longitudinal grooves Chouioia cunea Yang, 1989,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,S cutellum w ith distinct longitudinal grooves ( Ap rostocetus) 33, , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

33. Propodeal spiracles moderate-sized, w ith the outer part of rim more or less covered by a raised flap of callus and close to the

metanotum Aprostocetus csokakoensis ( ErdÊ s, 1969), , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,Propodeal spiracles more or less separated f rom metanotum, very small, w ith outer part of rim exposed 34, , , , , , ,

34. S pecies w ith follow ing combinat ion of characters: antenna w ith first funicle at least 8 t imes as long as broad and as long as clava,

third segm ent at least 4 t im es as long as broad; propodeum medially about tw ice as long as dorsellum , callus w ith 4 setae

Aprostocetus leptocerus Graham, 1987

,, , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , ,

Funicle nearly alw ays short , or propodeum hardly longer than dorsellum; callus w ith 2 setae 35, , , , , , , , , , ,35. Antenna w ith f irst segm ent 6-7 t imes, third at least 3 t imes, as long as broad; exserted port ion of ovipositor sh eath 0. 33-0. 50

length of h ind t ibia; f orew ing about 2. 6-2. 8 times as long as broad Aprostocetus eupator ii Kurdjumov, 1913, , , , , ,Antenna with first segment at most 5 t im es as long as broad ( except in mycerinus) ; ovipositor sheath hardly exserted; forew ing

at most 2. 2 t imes as long as broad 36, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,36. Forew ing only 2. 05- 2. 20 times as long as broad; f irst funicle 3-5 t imes as long as broad; hind femora more or less brown or fus-

cous; anterior setae of scutellum slightly to rather dist inctly behind the middle Aprostocetus mycerinus (Walker, 1839), ,Forew ing usually narrow er; first funicle is at most 3 times as long as broad; hind femora yellow; anterior setae on scutellum in

middle Ap rostocetus cr ino (Walker, 1838), ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

Subfamily Euderinae

1 Euderus masoni Yoshimoto, 1971Eud erus masoni Yoshimoto, 1971: 562.

Hosts. New ly recorded from Parametr iotes theae Kusnetzov ( Agonoxenidae) . This lep-i

dopteran w as reported to be at tacked by Elasmus sp. ( Elasmidae) , Eupelmus urozonus ( Eu-

pelmidae) and Pter omalus sp. ( Pteromalidae) .

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( Changshan) ; Nearct ic.

Subfamily Eulophinae

2 Diglyphus begini Ashmead, 1904Diaulus begini Ashmead, 1904: 356. Transferred into Diau linus by C rawford, 1912: 183; into Diglyphus by Peck, 1963:

102.

Hosts. Ag romyzidae and Nept iculidae.

Dist ribut ion. Shaanxi, Yunnan, T ibet , Gansu, Qinghai, Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) ;

Aust ralian/ Pacif ic, Holarct ic, Neotropical.

3 Cirrospi lus nr. lyncusCirrospilus lyncus Sheng & Wang, 1992: 38; Schauff et al . , 1998.

Hosts. Known from cit rus leafm iner, Phyllocnistis cit rella Stainton ( Gracillariidae) .

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( L inhai) . T hroughout the w armer regions of the Palearct ic, from

Spain to Japan.

Note. This species has been repeatedly reared in Europe and Asia as a parasitoid of cit rus

leafminer. It has generally been treated in the literature as Cirrosp ilus lyncus , or C . nr. lyncus

( see Schauff et al . , 1998, as C. nr. ly ncus and Cirr osp ilus sp. D) . It is indeed very close to

C . lyncus , but the main difference is that the gaster of this species is shorter ( about equal to the

thorax in length) , w hile the gaster in C . lyncus is at least 1. 2 t imes as long as the thorax .


Figs. 1-15 Ex ternal morpholog y of selected gener a of Eulophidae

1. dorsal view of gaster: Pnigalio phr agmit is ( ErdÊ s ) . Dorsal view of thorax 2. Tet rast ichus sp. 3. Cir rospilus sp. 4.

Chrysocharis sp. , apex of hind t ibia 5. Euplect rus sp. 6. Diglyphus sp. 7. dorsal view of thorax, Pnigal io phr agmit is

( ErdÊ s) 8. dorsal view of scutellum and propodeum, Eulophus sp. Antenna 9. T richospi lus diatraeae Cherian & Marga-

bandhu 10. Sympiesis dol ichogast er Ashmead 11. Eulophus sp. , T richospilus diat raeae Cherian & Margabandhu 12.

frontal view of head 13. dorsal view of thorax, Cirrospi lu s sp. 14. frontal view of head 15. dorsal view of thorax & gaster


4 Cirrospi lus ingenuus Gahan, 1932Cirrospilus ingenuu s Gahan, 1932: 753; Heppner, 1993: 56; Ujiye & Adachi, 1995: 96; Schauff et al . , 1998: 1010.

Synonym. Scotolinx quadri st riata Subba Rao & Ramamani.

Hosts. Ectoparasitoids of Gracillariidae( Phyllocnistis cit rella Stainton) .

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( L inhai) , Jiangx i, Fujian, Guangdong , Guangx i; Aust ralian/ Pacif-

ic, Nearct ic, Neot ropical, Oriental, Palearct ic reg ions.

5 Cirrospi lus pictus (Nees, 1834)Eulophu s p ictus Nees, 1834: 165. Lectotype female, designated by Graham, 1988: 27.

Synonyms. Cirrosp ilus thasus Walker, Eulophus arcuatus FÊ rster, Cirrosp ilus bif asciatus

Walker, Cir rosp ilus p ictus ( Nees) : Thomson, Atoposomoidea ogimae Howard, Cirr osp ilus

p ictus var. alnicola ErdÊ s.Hosts. Parasitoids of Gracillariidae, Lyonet iidae, T ischeriidae, Tort ricidae ( Lepidoptera) ,

Curculionidae ( Coleoptera) . Hyperparasites of Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, and Tenthredinidae

(Hymenoptera) . Hosts new ly recorded from elsew here in China: I vela aur ip es ( Lymantriidae) ,

Malacosoma ( Lasiocampidae) , Cer ura menciana ( Notodont idae) ( Lepidoptera) .

Dist ribut ion. Beijing, Hebei, Shanx i, Nei Mongol, L iaoning, Jilin, Hunan, Jiangx i, Jiang-

su, Zhejiang ( Huangyan, Linhai ) , Shandong, Sichuan, Ningxia, Xinjiang; Nearct ic and

Palearct ic reg ions.

6 Dimmockia secunda Crawford, 1910Dimmockia secunda Crawford, 1910: 24.

Synonyms. Symp iesis par narae Chu et Liao, Encopa ret iculata Kam ijo.

Hosts. Gregarious parasito ids or hyperparasitoids mainly of Lepidoptera.

Dist ribut ion. Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yun-

nan, Zhejiang ( Dongyang, Hang zhou) ; Afrotropical, Nearctic, Oriental and Palearct ic reg ions.

7 Eulophus abdominal is Nees, 1834Eulophu s abdominal is Nees, 1834: 159. Lectotype designated by Graham, 1988: 26.

Synonyms. Eulophus anatole Walker; Cr atotechus longicor nis Thomson.

Hosts. A cleris lip siana ( Tort ricidae ) ; Closter a anachoreta ( Notodont idae ) ; Colocasia

coryli , Eup lex ia lucipara, Euroi s occulta, Hyp ena crassal is ( Noctuidae) ; Ectrop is cr epuscu-

lar ia, Op erophtera br umata ( Geometridae) ; Orgyia ant iqua ( Lymantriidae) ; Phyl lodesma

ili cif olia ( Lasiocampidae) ; Tort rix vir idana ( T ort ricidae) .

Dist ribut ion. Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiw an, Yunnan, Zhe-

jiang ( T ianmu Mountains) ; Palearct ic.

8 Euplectrus noctuidiphagus Yasumatsu, 1953Eup lect rus noctuidip hagus Yasumatsu, 1953: 164.

Host . Eudocima tyr anna ( Noctuidae) .

Dist ribut ion. China: Zhejiang ( Huangyan, T iantai) , Hunan, Hubei, Guangx i, Taiw an,

Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan; Japan.

In Liao et al . ( 1987) , specimens from various regions in China have been determined as E .

sp. ( ? chapadae Ashmead) . We re-examined all specimens he examined in the collection of Inst-i

tute of Zoology and found out they are of several species of Eup lect rus more than E . noctuidiph-

agus Yasumatsu.


9 Euplectrus nigrescens Ferri�re, 1941Eup lect rus nigrescens Ferri�re, 1941: 35.

Host . U nknown.

Dist ribut ion. Guangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) ; Afrot ropical.

10 Pnigalio phragmit is (ErdÊs, 1954)Eulophu s p hragmi ti s ErdÊ s, 1954: 328.

Hosts. Dipteran lea-f miners.

Dist ribut ion. Beijing, Hebei, Nei Mongolia, Jilin, Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains, M ogan

M ountains) , Fujian, Jiangx i, Shandong, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan,

Shaanx i, Ningx ia; Palearct ic. This genus is new ly recorded from China.

11 Stenomesius j aponicus (Ashmead, 1904)Sy mp iesomorp ha j ap onica Ashmead, 1904: 163. Trans ferred into S tenomesius by Boucek, 1977: 402.

Synonyms. Symiesomorphelleus w hi tmani Girault , S tenelachistus imp ressus Masi, Eu-

ryscotolinx coimbatorensis Rohw er, Sympiesomorpha chilonis Ishii, Elacher tus tabashi i Nakaya-

ma, Symp iesomorpha m ikan Ishii, Stenomesioideus ashmeadi Subba Rao & Sharma.

Hosts. Parasitoid of Stomop tery x ner teria Meyrick ( Subba, Rao and Sharma, 1966 )

( Gelechiidae) , Acr ocercop s sp. ( on Quercus glauca, Castanop sis cusp idata, M ichelia comp res-

sa, Wisteria f lor ibunda, and Lyonia oval if olia ) , A ristaea sp. ( on A ster sp. ) , Calop t ilia

az aleella Brants, C . theivor a Walsingham, C . sp. ( on Rhododendr on sp. ) , Graci llaria sp.

( on Frax inus sp. ) , Leucosp i lap teryx omissella Stainton, Phyl locnistis ci trella Stainton ( Ishii,

1953) , Phy llonorycter lyoniae Kumata, P . r ingoniella Matsumura ( Gracillariidae) , Chilo sup-

p ressali s Walker ( Ishii, 1937) ( Pyralidae) , Nar anga aenescens Moore( Noctuidae) .

Dist ribut ion. China: Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong ,

Guangx i, T aiwan, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Sichuan, T ibet ; Afrot ropical, Aust ralian/ Pacif-

ic, Oriental, Palearctic regions.

12 Sympiesis dol ichogaster Ashmead, 1888Sy mp iesi s dolichogaster Ashmead, 1888.

Synonyms. Symp iesis mikado Ashmead, Symp iesi s nelsonensis Girault, Symp iesi s gracilis

Girault , Asymp iesis india Girault , Symp iesis now icki i Szel�nyi.Hosts. Parasitoids of Argidae; Curculionidae; Gelechiidae; Gracillariidae; Pyralidae; T is-

cheriidae; T ort ricidae.

Dist ribut ion. New ly recorded from China: Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, Zhejiang ( Hangzhou) , An-

hui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Taiw an, Xinjiang; all reg ions.

13 Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839)Eulophu s g ordius Walker, 1839: 129. T ransferred into Sympiesi s by Graham, 1959: 182.

Other synonyms includes: Eulophus alaparus Walker, Eulophus p isenor Walker, Eulo-

phus cervicor nis FÊ rster, Eulophus padellae Ratzeburg, Eulophus bulmer incqii Ratzeburg, Eu-

lophus laevissimus Ratzeburg , Eulophus st ramineipes T homson, Eulophus lev issimus Dalla

T orre, Eulophus albiscapus ErdÊs.Hosts. Parasitoid of Anobiidae; Braconidae; Buprest idae; Cynipidae; Eulophidae; Graci-l

lariidae; Lyonet iidae; Nept iculidae; Tort ricidae.

Dist ribut ion. China: Beijing, Hebei, T ianjin, Zhejiang ( Hang zhou) , Sichuan, Yunnan,


Xinjiang; Nearct ic and Palearct ic reg ions.

14 Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu, 1942T richospilus d iatr aeae Cherian & Margabandhu, 1942: 101.

Synonym. Cirr osp ilus lutelineatus Liao et al .

Hosts. Procerata ( Brachodidae) ; Brachmia ( Gelechiidae) ; Ep imecis , Pter osp oda ( Ge-

ometridae) ; Thosea ( Limacodidae) ; Sesam ia ( Noctuidae) ; Op isina ( Oecophoridae) ; Dismor-

phia ( Pieridae) ; Chilo , Diatraea , Gal leria, H apalia, Hyp sipyla, L amp rosema , N acoleia ,

Sylep ta, T ryporyz a, Zeadiatraea ( Pyralidae) ; Sexava ( Tett igoniidae) ; Cydia ( Tort ricidae) .

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( Fuyang) , Guizhou, T aiw an; India.

Subfamily Entedoninae

15 Chrysocharis viridis (Nees, 1834)Elacher tus v i rid is Nees, 1834: 138. Transferred into En tedon by Walker, 1848: 136; into Chrysochar is by Hansson, 1985:

32.

Synonyms. Entedon af r anius Walker, Chrysochari s albula Delucchi, Derostenus app endi-

gaster Masi, Entedon aso Walker, Entedon bibulus Walker, Entedon cal itor Walker, Entedon

melaensi s Walker, Euophthalmomyia pallidip es Ashmead, Derostenus puncti scapus Thomson,

Elachertus subauratus Nees, Entedon tanis Walker, Entedon thersamon Walker, Chry socharis

vir idicox is FÊrster.Hosts. Ag romyzidae ( Diptera) and Lyonet iidae ( Lepidoptera) .

Dist ribut ion. New ly recorded from China: Zhejiang ( T ianmu M ountains) ; Aust ralian/ Pacif-

ic, Europe, Nearctic, Palearct ic.

16 Chrysocharis clarkae Yoshimoto, 1973Chrysochar is clar kae Yosh imoto, 1973: 1392.

Synonyms. Chrysochari s vir idula Szelenyi.

Hosts. Ag romyzidae.

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) ; Europe, Nearct ic, Neotropical, Palearctic.

17 Closterocerus trif asciatus Westwood, 1833Clost eroceru s tr ifasciatus Westwood, 1833: 420.

Synonyms. Eulophus sesquif asciatus Ratzeburg , Pleurotr op is t ri cincta Ashmead, Clostero-

cer us w innemanae Craw ford.

Hosts. various dipteran, lepidopteran leafminers.

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) ; Europe, Nearct ic, Oriental, Palearct ic.

18 Entedon methion Walker, 1839.En tedon me thion Walker, 1839: 105. Lectotype designated by Graham, 1971: 355.

Entedon was first reported by Li ( 1990) .

Hosts. Primary parasitoid of some Ip s acuminatus ( Curculionidae) and Ernobius nigr inus

(Anobiidae) .

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains ) ; Aust ralian/ Pacif ic, Europe, Nearct ic,

Palearct ic.

19 Omphale elongata Hansson, 1996Omphale elongata Hansson, 1996: 35.


Host . U nknown.

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) ; Nearctic.

20 Omphale sp.

Host . U nknown.

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) .

21 Pediobius claviger (Thomson, 1878)Pleur ot ropi s clav iger Thomson, 1878: 256. Lectotype designated by H ansson, 1991: 35. T ransferred into Ped iobius by Graham,

1963: 194.

Host . U nknown.

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) ; Palearct ic.

22 Pediobius metal licus (Nees, 1834)Eulophu s metal li cus Nees, 1834: 176.

Synonyms. Entedon acantha Walker, Entedon amyntas Walker, Entedon caenus Walker,

Hep tomerus caer uleonitens Rondani, Pediobius dory cniel lae ErdÊs, Pediobius helianthemellae

ErdÊs, Pleurot rop is br evicornis Thomson, Pleurotr op is kansensis Girault , Pleur otr op is ru-

gosi thorax Craw ford.

Hosts. Mayet iola spp. ( Cecidomyiidae) ; Oscinella f r it ( Chloropidae) .

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) ; Australian/ Pacific, Europe, Nearct ic, &

Palearct ic.

23 Pediobius eubius (Walker, 1839)En tedon eubius Walker, 1839: 109. Lectotype designated by Daw ah, 1988: 1165. T ransferred into Pediobius by Graham,

1959: 190.

Synonyms. Elacher tus angular is FÊ rster, Pleurotr op is longus Girault , Pleurotrop is by

Peck, Pleur ot rop is nit if rons Thomson, Amestochari s per dubius Girault , Pediobius by Peck,

Pleurotrop is utahensis Craw ford.

Hosts. Some eurytomids ( Eurytomidae) , Mayet iola sp. ( Cecidomy iidae) .

Dist ribut ion. Jiangx i, New ly recorded from Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) ; Palearct ic.

Subfamily Tetrastichinae

24 Aprostocetus crino (Walker, 1838)Cirrospilus cr ino Walk er, 1838: 382. Lectotype designated by Graham, 1961: 44.

Synonyms. Tetr ast ichus ( Geniocerus) di spar Silvestri, Tetrastichus oecanthivorus Gahan,

Pachyscapus cr ino ( Walker) ErdÊ s, Tetr ast ichus dubius Bakkendorf, A pr ostocetus cr ino ( Walk-

er) Graham, Tetr astichus crino ( Walker) Domenichini.

Host . Egg parasitoid of Oecanthus spp. ( Gryllidae) .

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) ; Nearctic and Palearctic.

25 Aprostocetus csokakoensis (ErdÊ s, 1969)Tet rasti ch us csokakoensi s ErdÊ s, 1969: 48. T ransferred into Apr ostocetus by Graham, 1987: 311.

Host . U nknown.


26 Aprostocetus eupatorii Kurdjumov, 1913Ap rostocetus eup atori i Kurdjumov, 1913: 252. Lectotype designated by LaSalle, 1986: 600.


Host . U nknown.


27 Aprostocetus leptocerus Graham, 1987Ap rostocetus l ep tocer us Graham, 1987: 105.

Host . U nknown.


28 Aprostocetus mycerinus (Walker, 1839)Cirrospilus mycerinus Walker, 1839: 350. Lectotype designated by Graham , 1961: 44.

Synonyms. Ap rostocetus quadriannulatus Kurdjumov, Tetrastichus acuminatellus ErdÊ s.Host . U nknown.


29 Chouioia cunea Yang, 1989Chouioia cunea Yang, 1989: 120.

Hosts. Homona magnanima ( Tortricidae) ; Hyphantria cunea ( Archtididae) ; Leucoma

candida ( Lymantridae) ; Pap ilio xuthus ( Papilionidae) ; Par nar a gut tata ( Hesperiidae) ; Poly-

gonia c-aureum ( Nymphalidae) ; Pryer ia sinica ( Zygaenidae) ; Zeni ll ia libat rix ( Tachinidae) ;

Macrocent rus linear is ( Braconidae) .

Dist ribut ion. Beijing , Shaanxi, Zhejiang ( T ianmu M ountains) ; Palearctic Reg ions.

30 Neotrichoporoides nyemitawus (Rohwer, 1921)Tet rasti ch us nyemi taw us Rohw er, 1921. Transferred into Neot richop oroides by Graham, 1987: 68.

Host . A ther igona spp. ( Muscidae) .

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) ; Afrot ropical and Oriental.

31 Neotrichoporoides viridimaculatus ( Ful laway, 1955)G eniocer us longiscap us Thomson; ErdÊ s, 1954: 355. M isidentif icat ion.

Burksia v iridimaculata Fullaw ay, 1955: 410. T ransferred into Tet rastich us by Domenichini, 1965: 140; into Neotri chopor oides

by Graham, 1987: 67.

Synonyms. Cer atoneura leopardina de Sant is.

Host . U nknown, but probably some species of Diptera on coarse g rasses ( Graham , 1987) .

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( T ianmu M ountains) ; Aust ralian/ Pacif ic, Nearct ic, Neot ropical,

Oriental, Palearct ic.

32 Neotrichoporoides sp.

Host . U nknown.

Dist ribut ion. Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) .

33 Quadrast ichus anysis ( Walker, 1839)Cirrospilus anysi s Walker, 1838: 203, 202. Lectotype designated by Graham, 1961: 42. Transferred into Tet rastich us by Walk-

er, 1846: 74; into Ap rostocetus by Graham, 1961: 42; into Quadr ast ichus by Graham & LaS alle, 1991: 94.

Hosts. Larval/ nymphal parasitoid of Monar thropalpus bux i ( Cecidomyiidae) .

Dist ribut ion. Beijing, Guangxi, Guansu, Shaanxi, Zhejiang ( T ianmu M ountains) ; Palearc-

t ic Regions.

34 Tetrast ichus howardi (Olliff, 1893)

Eup lect rus howard i Olliff , 1893: 381. L ectotype designated and transferred into Te trasti chus by Bouc%

ek, 1988: 694.


Synonyms. Tetr ast ichus ayyari Rohw er, Ap rostocetus i sr ael i Mani & Kurian.

Hosts. Ap is mel lif era ( Apidae) ; Cotesia kaz ak ( Braconidae) ; Mallochia pyr alidis, X an-

thop imp la stemmator ( Ichneumonidae) ; Tenebr io mol itor ( T enebrionidae) [ Hymenoptera] ;

Musca domesti ca ( Muscidae) ; Exorista bombycis , E . sor billans , Palex orista laxa, Par athere-

sia claripalp is ( Tachinidae) [ Diptera] ; Op isina arenosel la ( Oecophoridae ) ; Ogyr is genoveva

(Lycaenidae) ; Ar gyria sp. , Cactoblastis cactor um , Chi lo partellus, Diat raea sp. , Eldana

saccharina, T ryporyz a incer tulas ( Pyralidae) ; Bathyt richa tr uncata, Busseola f usca , H elicov-

erpa armigera, Sesamia calamistis , Sp odop ter a l it toral is ( Noctuidae ) ; Holocer ina smi lax

( Saturniidae) [ Lepidoptera] .

Dist ribut ion. Taiw an, Zhejiang ( T ianmu M ountains) ; Afrotropical, Aust ralian/ Pacif ic,

Nearct ic, Neotropical, Oriental, Palearctic.

35 Tetrast ichus coelarchus Graham, 1991Tet rasti ch us coelarchus Graham , 1991: 240.

Host . U nknown.

Dist ribut ion. Guangx i, Jiangsu, Zhejiang ( T ianmu Mountains) , Yunnan; Palearctic Re-

g ions.

Results

In this paper, w e recorded 35 species in 20 genera of Eulophidae dist ributed in Zhejiang .

Among taxa studied, there are 4 genera and 26 species newly recorded from China ( Table 1) . As

all genera found in Zhejiang have members recorded from more than two reg ions ( Noyes, 1998) ,

w e just attempted to give a preliminary faunist ic analysis at species level. We analyze in tw o

w ays: 1) to count every species also dist ributed in each region, w hich species might concurrent in

more than two regions; 2) to clarify different dist ribut ional patterns, in w hich pat tern, the

species would only concurrent in regions included in the pat tern.

Table 1 Species found in Zhejiang and their preliminary components analysis

taxongenus newto China

species newto China

Afrotro-pical

Australi an/ Pacifi c

Nearct icNeotro-pical

Oriental Palearcti c

1. Eu deru s masoni Yoshimoto K K2. Dig lyphu s begi ni Ashmead K K K K3. Ci rrospil us br evis Zhu et al . K4. Ci rrospil us in gen uu s Gahan K K K K K5. Ci rrospil us pic tu s ( Nees) K K6. Dimm ockia secu nda Crawford K K K7. Eu lophus abdom in alis Nees K K8. Euplec tru s n oc tui diphagu s

YasumatsuK K

9. Eu pl ec t rus n igresc en s Ferri�re K K10. Pnigali o phr agm it is ( ErdÊ s) K K K11. St en omesi us j apon icus ( Ash-

mead)K K K K K

12. Sympi es is gordi us (Walker) K K13. Sym piesi s dol ichogast er Ash-mead

K K K

14. Trichospi lus di atraeae Cher-ian & Margabandhu

K

15. Chrysochari s viri dis ( Nees) K K K K


Continue Table 1

taxongenus new

to China

species new

to China

Afrotro-

pical

Australi an

/ Pacifi cNearct ic

Neotro-

picalOriental Palearcti c

16. Chryso charis cl ar kae Yosh-imoto

K K K K

17. Clos terocer us tri f asc iatu sWestwood

K K K K K

18. Ent edon m ethion Walker K K K K19. Omphal e el ongata Hansson K K20. Omphal e sp. K21. Pedi obiu s c laviger ( Thom-son)

K K

22. Pedi obiu s m et al li cu s ( Nees) K K K K23. Pedi obiu s eubi us (Walker) K24. Apro stoc etu s cr ino (Walker) K K K25. Apro sto cetu s c sokakoensi s( ErdÊ s)

K K

26. Apr ost ocetu s eu pat ori i Kurd-jumov

K K

27. Apr ost ocet us leptoc er us Gra-ham

K K

28. Apros toc et us m ycer inu s(Walker)

K K

29. Chou ioi a cunea Yang K30. Neotr icho po roides

nyemi tawu s ( Rohwer)K K K K

31. Neot richoporoi des vi ri di m ac-

ul atu s ( Ful laway)K K K K K K

32. Neotr icho po roides sp. K33. Quadras ti chus anys is (Walk-er)

K K K

34. Tetr asti chu s howardi ( Ollif f ) K K K K K K35. Tet rasti chu s coel archu s Gra-ham

K K

total= 35 4 26 6 8 14 4 8 28

F ig. 16 Reg ional component analysisAfro. = Afrot ropical Aust . = Aust ralian/ Pacif ic Near. = Nearctic

Neot. = Neot ropical Orie. = Oriental Pale. = Palearct ic

When one specie occurs in a region, w e consider it as the regional

component , but is w ould probably concur in more than one regions.

Indicated from Fig116, fauna ofZhejiang is composed of more than tw o

components, Oriental and Palearct ic,

w hich po int has been prevailing in Ch-i

nese entomologists. Six species ( 17% )also dist ributed in Afrot ropical regions,

w hile 8 species ( 23%) in Aust ralian/ Pa-

cif ic, 14 ( 40%) in Nearct ic, 4 ( 11%) inNeotropical, 8 ( 23% ) in Oriental, and

27 ( 77% ) in Palearct ic regions. As Zhe-

jiang is considered to be a t ransit ional re-

gion betw een Oriental and Palearct ic re-gions, w e do not propose to t reat those

species occurring in this province as or-i

ental component . Otherw ise, orientalcomponents w ould be increased to 100% .


Fig. 17 Component analysis of distributional patternsAf . = Afro. = Afrot ropical Nea. = Near. = Nearctic O. =

Orie. = Oriental P. = Plae. = Palearcetic Au. = Aust . =

Aust ralian/ Pacif ic Neo. = Neot . = Neot ropical

T here are 15 dist ribut ion patterns of

eulophids fauna in Zhejiang ( Fig117) : 1)

in eleven distribut ional pat terns, eachcontains only one species; 2) two species

occur only in Nearct ic region, 3 in Aus-

tralian/ Pacific + Nearctic + Palearct ic,

and 4 in Nearct ic + Palearct ic; 3) four-teen species occur only in Palearct ic re-

g ion. We could further confirmed that ,

Zhejiang fauna is mainly of Palearct iccomponents. Eight dist ribut ional pat terns

contain species reported f rom Oriental re-

g ions, w hile 12 ones contain those from

Palearct ic reg ions.Although more detailed and serial

collections should be made to obtain more

informat ion from Zhejiang , w e couldconclude that eulophids fauna in Zhejiang

is mainly of Palearct ic component and it

is composed of more than Oriental and

Palearct ic components.

Acknowledgements As this paper based mainly on materials collected by Prof . WU Hong inZhejiang Colleg e of Forest ry, w e do appreciate his f ield collections in Tianmu Mountains. Dr. XI-

AO Hui in this laboratory also helped to collect some more f resh eulophids which is much useful

for accurate ident if icat ions. We would like to thank the follow ing individuals in the Institute ofZoolog y, Chinese Academy of Sciences: Madam GAN Ya-Ling , LI Sh-i Wen, Mr. LI Wen-Hao

for the helps in using scanning elect ron microscope; YU Yan-Feng for devoloping SEM photos

and preparing plates. Dr. John LaSalle helped us much in ident ificat ions of most eulophids into

g enera.

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浙江姬小蜂科分类学研究(膜翅目:小蜂总科)

朱朝东黄大卫(中国科学院动物研究所北京 100080)

摘要

在最近提交的天目山姬小蜂科的报告基础上, 本文再次对浙江该科昆虫进行了分类学研究。根据从天目

山采集的标本和中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆馆藏标本, 研究了分属于姬小蜂科 4 个亚科的 20 属 35

种。文中提供了亚科、属及物种的检索表, 同时还提供了关键性状的扫描电镜照片。每个物种均附有最新的

寄主记录和分布记录。根据现有材料,对浙江姬小蜂科昆虫进行了初步的分析。

关键词膜翅目,姬小蜂科, 分类学,新纪录.

中图分类号 Q 969. 5451 3


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37 浙江姬小蜂科分类学研究 膜翅目 小蜂总科 英文

37 浙江姬小蜂科分类学研究膜翅目小蜂总科英文