Upload
abhinit-kumar-sharma
View
173
Download
15
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
WELCOME TOATL FOUNDATION ARA
TOPICS HARDWARE & NETWORKING
Submitted by Submitted toKHUSHBOO KUMARI ATL FONDATION
ARA
ATL FOUNDATION ARA
HARWARE AND NETWORKING
HARDWAREHARDWARE COMPONENTS PCPARTS OF FRONT PANEL, REAR PANEL AND INSIDEMEMORYCACHEHARD DISKPHYSICAL ASPECT OF HARD DISKPARTITIONPLATTERBOOTINGHOW TO CREATE PAN DRIVE BOOTABLE….??INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICESWHAT IS INPUT AND OUTPUTNETWORKINGWHAT IS NETWORKING…??NETWORK DEVICESABOUT NETWORK DEVICESINTERNET PROTOCOLABOUT TOPOLOGYADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OG TOPOLOGYPINGMAC
INDEX
Computer hardware refers to objects that you can actually touch, like disks, disk drives, display screens, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips.
Hardware is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other devices.
HARDWARE
HARWARE COMPONENTS OF PC
PARTS OF FRONT PANEL, REAR PANEL AND INSIDE
It is a place where our data information or programs get stored before being processed and the result get stored.
Memory is a device can be stored the data as a volatile and non-volatile behavior.
Types of memory------------1. Primary2. Secondary3. Back up
MEMORY
Primary memory---its volatile behaviour(A) RAM(RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)-SRAM-DRAM-EDO RAM-SD RAM-DDR SDRAM-RDRAM-SIMM & DIMM RAM(B) ROM(READ ONLY MEMORY)-PROM-EPROM-EEPROMSecondary memory– Its non Volatile behaviour.
Difference between primary & secondary memory
Difference between primary & secondary memory
The word cache is pronounced as cash. The cache memory is placed in between main memory. The processor is connected to the cache memory through a cache controller. It is a semi conductor memory. The capacity of cache memory is 2-3% of that the main memory. It access time is about 10ns.
CACHE
HARD DISK It is a secondary storage device, which is used to store data or information permanently hard disk consist of one or more
All hard disk consists of thin platters with a magnetic coating .
They rotate quite fast inside a metal container. Their design causes them to ride on a
microscopic cushion of air without touching the platter. Data are written and read by read/write heads.
Spindale Motor:- It is bused to exhilarate the hard disk platter. It is inside the metal container which is rotating the magnetic disk of hard disk.
Physical aspect of hard disk
The magnetic disks are typically made up Aluminum. The disks are covered with an ultra thin magnetic coating with improved coating technologies an increasing number of micro magnets can be placed on the disk.
Formatting of platter– Track sector
PLATTER
How to create the partition-----??????The whole area of hard disks are divided into
some little parts is called partition.1. Basic partition— its divided into 3 parts(A) Primary partition(B) Extended “””””(C) Logical “””””2. Dynamic partition\ Volume
PARTITION
Restarting a computer or its operating system software. It is of two types--
(1) Cold booting: when the computer is started after having been switched off.
(2) Warm booting: when the Operating System alone is restarted .
BOOTING
First of all press start button with pressing R.
It ill open run.Then enter following instructions ---CMD-DISKPART-LIST DISK-SELECT DISK 1-LIST
PART SELECT PART 1-ACTIVE-EXIT-EXIT
How to create pan drive bootable….????
INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
An input device sends information to a computer system for processing , and an output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing. Depending on the interaction, a device can be both, referred to as an input/output devices.
WHAT IS INPUT AND OUTPUT..??
NETWORKING
A group of two or more than two computer network devices or a internet device called computer network.
Or,
A network is a group of two or more computer linked together.
What is networking….?????
Network devices are components used to connect computers together to share files or resources.
Device used in computer networking like hub, switch etc…
Network devices :- 1. Switch2. Hub3. Modem4. Bridge 5. Repeater 6. Router
NETWORK DEVICE
Switch:- It also known as hub, bridging, MacA network switch is a computer networking
device that connects devices together on a computer network.
It also can be used for packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device.
ABOUT NETWORK DEVICE
HUB:-A network hub is a device that allow multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network.
Each computer or device connected to the hub.
ABOUT HUB DEVICE
MODEM:- A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over.
For example:- telephones or cable lines
ABOUT MODEM DEVICE
A device that connects two local area network
Two segments of the same local area network that use the same protocol.
ABOUT BRIDGE DEVICE
A Repeater is a network device that transmits a received signal with more power.
ABOUT REPEATER DEVICE
A router is a device that forwards data packets along network.
A router is connected to at least two network.
ABOUT ROUTER DEVICE
LOCAL AREA NETWORK:- Its known as (LAN)It consists of a computer network at a single site. Its very
useful for sharing resources , such as data storage and printers.
WIDE AREA NETWORK:- Its known as (WAN)Its very large area such as an entire country or the entire
world.A WAN can contain multiple smaller network such as LANs
and MANs.
TYPES OF NETWORK
The hub of informational is called internet.Rules and regulation of network is called
protocol.The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or
protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet . Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.
INTERNET PROTOCOL
FIGURES OF IP
The way of connectivity of network is called topology.
TOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY:- A bus network is a network topology in which nodes are directly connected to a common linear is called bus topology.
Types of Topology
RING TOPOLOGY :-A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node – a ring
Types of Topology
Types of TopologySTAR TOPOLOGY:- This consists of a central node, to which all other nodes are connected; this central node provides a common connection point for all nodes through a hub.
HYBRID TOPOLOGY:- A hybrid topology is always produced when two different basic network topologies are connected. Two common examples for Hybrid network are: star ring network and star bus network.
TYPES OF TOPOLOGY
MESH TOPLOGY:- In a mesh network topology, each of the network node, computer and other devices, are interconnected with one another.
Types of topology
Bus topology:- Advantages- It is easy to setup and extend bus
network.Bus topology cost very less.It is mostly used in small network like LAN.
Disadvantages:- There is limit on central cable length.
Number of nodes that can be connected.It is not suitable for network with heavy traffics.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TOPOLOGY
Ring topology:-Advantages:- its speed very high.Each computer has equal access to
resources.
Disadvantage:- It is lower than star topology.Network is highly depend on the wire which
connects different components.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TOPOLGY
Star topology:- Advantages:- Helps in monitoring network.Centralized management.Easy to connects to new nodes or device.
Disadvantages:-Its it fails when whole network goes down.
The use of hub a router or a switch as central device.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TOPOLGY
Hybrid topology:- Advantages:- Reliable Scalable Flexible EffectiveDisadvantages:- Complexity of design Costly hub Costly infrastructure
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TOPOLGY
Mesh topology:- Advantages:-A broken node won’t distract the
transmission of data in a mesh network. Each node is connected to several other nodes
which make it easier to relay dataDisadvantages:- Maintaining mesh networks
can be very hard to manage. It requires continuous supervision because of
the redundancy present in the network.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TOPOLGY
Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer the user is trying to reach is actually operating. Ping works by sending an Internet Control Message Protocol Echo Request to a specified interface on the network and waiting for a reply. Ping can be used for troubleshooting to test connectivity and determine response time.
ABOUT PING
In a local area network (LAN) or other network, the MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer's unique hardware number. (On an Ethernet LAN, it's the same as your Ethernet address.) When you're connected to the Internet from your computer a correspondence table relates your IP ADDRESS to your computer's physical (MAC) address on the LAN.
ABOUT MAC