Vision for Delhi UTTIPEC

Vision for a

“World Class” Delhi

• Safe

• Clean, Green & Usable

• Getting around easily

• With Civic Pride

• Democratic & Transparent

“Delhi is India's crime capital..” – TOI, June 2008

“The most unsafe time out - 40% felt unsafe between 8 and 10 am and 5 and 7 pm. 31% felt unsafe in mid-afternoon. Most unsafe places - 45% identified buses as the most unsafe; 25% the roadside; 6.7% found bus stops...”

– A Delhi Police survey on women’s safety, 05 March 2006. Source: http://southasia.oneworld.net/article/view/127142/1/

Can a woman walk alone safely on the streets of Delhi after 7 pm?Q.

Why Boundary Walls???Why Boundary Walls???

Delhi

Q.

Vancouver

Which street would you feel safer walking on…?

W hy do we have building setbacks & boundary walls?

Source: Romi RoySource: Romi Roy

For Safety: Create “Eyes on the Street” ….1)


Remove Boundary WallsRemove Boundary Walls

Eyes on the street

For Safety: Create “Eyes on the Street” ….1)


Benefits of Hawkers:

• They keep streets clean, busy, vibrant and safe.

• They provide a variety of cheaper food and retail options for the public.

• They express our culture.

• They generate self-employment.

Hawkers are good for Safety!2)

Source: Flickr.comSource: Flickr.com

• Benefits of Hawkers:

• They keep streets clean, busy, vibrant and safe.

• They provide a variety of cheaper food and retail options for the public.

• They express our culture.

• They generate self-employment.

2) Hawkers are good for Safety!

Source: Flickr.comSource: Flickr.com

Social Goal 3:

Clean, Green and Usable

Open spaces play multiple functions:

1) Safe ‘usable’ public spaces for young, old, rich & poor.

2) Working landscapes that capture, purify and treat storm water runoff.

Make existing Parks usable & safe!

Make Parks intimate and “watched” by surrounding buildings

Lajpat Nagar Lajpat Nagar

1)

Source: Mitali GangulySource: Mitali Ganguly

Bryant Park, New YorkBryant Park, New York

Make Parks – NOT JUST beautiful, but Usable too.1)


Parks should be usable by all age groups…

(...at a park in Beijing)(...at a park in Beijing)

kids….kids….

1)



young…young…

Parks should be usable by all age groups…1)



old….old….

Parks should be usable by all age groups…1)


Utilize parks as “Working Landscapes”:

1: Treat at Source (streets, parks)

2: Natural Conveyance (minimal piping)

3: Natural Storm Water Treatment

• Utilize Parks and Open Spaces for Utilize Parks and Open Spaces for Natural Storm Water Management.Natural Storm Water Management.

• Adopt a 3-Tier Approach:Adopt a 3-Tier Approach:

Delhi in Monsoons

• Advantages:Advantages:

- Reduced Flooding

- Less pressure and reduced sizing for Municipal Storm Water Treatment Plants.

- PREVENT POLLUTING THE YAMUNA!!

2)

Source: Rowan Roderick JonesSource: Rowan Roderick Jones

• Parks can be usable green spaces throughout the year;

• In monsoons, they transform into storm water swales or detention ponds…

Utilize parks as “Working Landscapes”:2)

Source: Tony ChanSource: Tony Chan

Social Goal 2:

Getting Around Easily1) Provide high density mixed use developments (residential. office,

entertainment & civic uses) with 5-min walk of Metro Stations.

2) Make transferring between modes easy

3) Design streets for Pedestrians, not just cars.

Facts first…. Delhi Today:

The roads of Delhi are choked by cars which drive less than 15% of its people. (Source: RITES 2008)

Highest Road Highest Road Space to Space to

Occupancy ratioOccupancy ratio

Highest Road Highest Road Space to Space to

Occupancy ratioOccupancy ratio

Servicing pedestrians and cyclists on roads can help increase ridership for buses & trains.

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

Series1 13.9% 21.5% 3.6% 41.5% 4.1% 0.7% 6.8% 7.9%

Car/Taxi Scooter Autos Bus Metro Train BicycleCycle

Ricksha

MODAL SPLITMODAL SPLITDELHI 2007DELHI 2007MODAL SPLITMODAL SPLITDELHI 2007DELHI 2007

How Flyover make walking difficult & force people into How Flyover make walking difficult & force people into cars…cars…

How Flyover make walking difficult & force people into How Flyover make walking difficult & force people into cars…cars…

Flyover: a barrier & deterrent to safe and easy pedestrian movement. Landing to nowhere…?

How does one get to the bus-stop?

Interesting Pedestrian and bus-users situations at AIIMS and Dhaula Kuan Flyover Intersections.(Photos and Study Source: Akash Hingorani, Oasis Designs)

Delhi’s flyovers can’t cope with rising traffic!Delhi’s flyovers can’t cope with rising traffic!Breaching Capacity Well Before Schedule.Breaching Capacity Well Before Schedule.Long term solution needed. - TOI, Sept 09Long term solution needed. - TOI, Sept 09

Vehicle oriented roads Vehicle oriented roads ((HIGH TRAFFIC SPEEDS, LACK OF FOOTPATHSHIGH TRAFFIC SPEEDS, LACK OF FOOTPATHS))

make them unsafe for Pedestrians.make them unsafe for Pedestrians.

Source:: Hindustan Times, 12 Aug 2009

Source:: www.cseindia.org

MPD 2021 identifies a current Modal Split of 60-40 (Public-Private Transport).

It sets the following Targets for the near future:

“70-30 Modal Split by 2011”

“80-20 Modal Split by 2021”

Where we are…. Where we want to go….

Clearly – a PARADIGM SHIFT is needed.

Where we are…. Where we want to go….

Restructuring Delhi

into a Transit Oriented City.

Implement 14 BRT Corridor Network Implement 14 BRT Corridor Network within 5 years to increase Efficiency &

Reliability of existing bus network.

Source: TOR for BRT/ ITC Corridors, 2011

Transit NodeTransit Node

Express Express

Bus RouteBus Route

That is the reason for success of BRT in Curitiba

1) High Density near Stations - Maximum people should Maximum people should Live, Work & Play within 5-min walk of Live, Work & Play within 5-min walk of RAPID TRANSITRAPID TRANSIT Stations. Stations.

Romi Roy UTTIPEC

Interchange

..to “rebuild” Delhi along its new TRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE

Metro

BRT

Interchange

Park ’n’ Ride

All new projects + Redevelopment should be along this Armature

Current Masterplan

~ 60% of the urban area will be within 15-minute walking distance from the proposed MRTS stations…

Rail/ Metro

BRTInterchange

7 min walk

Auto-Oriented City Transit-Oriented CitySHIFT

Step 1:

ONE COORDINATION & APPROVAL BODY

Romi Roy

Discontinued Disjointed and Uncoordinated Planning

TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION + LANDUSE+ LANDUSE + INFRASTRUCTURE + INFRASTRUCTUREMUST BE MUST BE designed and implemented together – complimenting each other.designed and implemented together – complimenting each other.

Otherwise they will ALL FAIL….Otherwise they will ALL FAIL….

Advisors

Consultants

Stakeholders

UTTIPEC

Planning

Coordination

Integration

Approvals

Mobility for all;Planned development blueprint

GOALS & ROLES:

ONE Coordination Body

Step 3:

THE TOD ROADMAP

Public Transit System: Provision & Funding

Equitably distribute

Public realm

Landuse-Transportation Synergy:

1 2

4

Discourage Private Car3

Transit Oriented Development : The ROADMAP

Pedestrian Guidelines launched by UTTIPEC, DDA, Delhi



Public realm


1 2

4


CSEPradeep Sacheva Design AssociatesICE & IITOasis DesignsSamarthyamDIMTSTRIPPsMCD, PWD, NDMC

Expert Contributors:

Pedestrian Guidelines launched by UTTIPEC, DDA, Delhi

Romi Roy UTTIPEC

Pedestrian Guidelines already launched by UTTIPEC, DDA, Delhi in Nov 2009

News Article Source: Hindustan Times, pg 2; 04 Dec 2009

“”

45 ESSENTIAL GUIDELINES Pedestrian Design Guidelines © UTTIPEC, DDA 2009

Not Preferable

10 Public Amenities, Hawker Zones, SignageDesignated Hawker ZonesDesignated Hawker Zones (10G)

must be allowed to locate in areas where pedestrians tend to

wait or congregate i.e street intersections and near bus stops

or major civic destinations, public offices, etc.

X.X. Public ToiletsPublic Toilets (10A) should be located

near every alternate bus-stop and definitely located at each Rapid

Transit Station (Metro/BRT). Frequency of location of toilets should be every ~500 - 800 M.

“Set of 3” at every intersection must be provided for Pedestrian Way-Pedestrian Way-

findingfinding:1. - Dustbin with map (10E)

2. - Street directional signage (10D) 3. - Universal accessibility features

(03B)

Z.Z. Auditory Pelican signalsAuditory Pelican signals (10C) and raised table-top crossingstable-top crossings at

all mid-block or T-junctions, in absence of a full traffic signal.

Y.Y. Bus Stops with Route Maps Bus Stops with Route Maps (10B) must be universally

accessible, and located every ~800-1000 M.

The Kit of Parts:

~ 2

00

M m

ax

1.1.1.1.

2.2.2.2.

3.3.3.3.

Auto and Cycle-Rickshaw StandsAuto and Cycle-Rickshaw Stands (04) should be provided near bus-stops, within the Multi-Functional

Zone.

X.X.X.X.

Y.Y.Y.Y.

Z.Z.Z.Z.

01A Clear Walking Zone01B Walking Zone Width01C Maximum Curb Height01D Curb Radius and Slip Road Treatment01E Continuous Pavement01F High Albedo Materials01G Permeable Pavement

2 Frontage Zone or Dead Width

03A Kerb Ramps03B Raised Table-Top Crossings03C Tactile Paving03D Auditory Signals03E Accessible Infrastructure & Signage

04A Essential Planting04B Tree Pits and Tree Grates04C Planting with Storm Water Management04D Aesthetic Planting

05A Segregated Cycle + NMT Paths05B Bicycle Parking and Other Infrastructure

06A At-grade Crossing06B Mid-Block Crossing06C Raised Table-top Crossings

07A Pedestrian Refuge Island at Median07B Median Refuge Design Options

08A Pedestrian Scaled Lighting08B Full Cut-off Fixtures

09A Underground Utilities

10A Local Bus Stop10B Public Toilets10C Vector Street Direction Signage10D Auditory Pelican Signals10E Dustbins10E Hawker Zones

45 ESSENTIAL GUIDELINES Pedestrian Design Guidelines © UTTIPEC, DDA 2009



Public realm


1 2

4


Revise Parking Laws to delink it from landuse and link it to spatial proximity to public transport facilities. (MCD, NDMC, DDA)

o low ECS or no/expensive parking within 10 min walking distance of MRTS stations

o enforcement of cycle parking provisions as % of required ECS.

o congestions pricing in areas well served by public transport.

o park and ride/ park and walk policies

o shared parking options

o drop off vs parking provisions

HOV lanes in street design standards to encourage carpooling (DIMTS, RoAs)

Mega carpool scheme (CoT)

PROPOSED STRATEGIES:

Private Car: The undesirable feederPrivate Car: The undesirable feeder

Destination

Origin

Feeder

MRTS

Feeder

Most valuable real estate should not be used for cars parked all day for 8-15% of population.

• Car Parkingbeyond 500 M

• Parking only at terminal park-n-ride Stations.

• “Drop off areas provided.

5 min walk

from Station

Ridership: Ridership: ParkingParking VersusVersus Joint Development Joint Development HousingHousing

Ridership: Ridership: ParkingParking VersusVersus Joint Development Joint Development HousingHousing

• Surface parking – 100 spaces per acre– 200 rides per day– All at peak period

Housing = ~1.6-4 rides per unit– 50-100 units/acre = 200 rides

per day– 100-200 units/acre = 400

rides/day– Spread throughout day

especially if affordable

• 3 Story Garage– 200 spaces per

acre– 400 rides per

day



Public realm


1 2

4


Revised Taxation Laws for buses.

Cross Subsidization from Congestion Pricing, Parking fees, advertising, etc. (CSE)

Land Development Rights to be given to Metro, BRT & DTC - to fund long term public transportation supply & improvements (CoT, DMRC, DIMTS, DDA)

GOALS:

High Quality, Speed & Comfort (ITS/ Grade Separation)

Efficient Feeder Network. (Rerouting of DTCs, more feeders, Dedicated HOV lanes)

Walking-Cycling Connectivity

FUNDING STRATEGIES:



Public realm


1 2

4


a) Reorder growth to redevelop and redensify the city along MRTS corridors.

b) Planning guidelines to attract private investment into densification and redevelopment of existing areas.

c) Urban design guidelines to make cities safe, attractive and walkable.

d) Leveraging of private investment for direct public benefit.

GOALS:

Maximum people can live, work & play within 10-min walking distance of MRTS stations.

Station Areas become well connected and vibrant “places”.

City Level Goals of Sustainability, mobility, safety, affordability, equity & quality of life are achieved.

PROPOSED STRATEGIES:

CURRENT MASTERPLAN

RESTRUCTURED GROWTH STRATEGY

5) Graded Density

3) Frequent Feeder Routes

4) Mixed landuse

2) Placemaking

~500 M W

alk

The Transit Oriented Design Principles:

1) Direct Connectivity & Pedestrian/ cycle friendly design

6) Leveraging of Private Investment

Romi Roy UTTIPEC

Vancouver Block: e.g. 80 x 125 M

15-minute walk 5-minute walk

Typical Delhi Housing Block

Principle 1) Direct Connectivity and Walkability - Finer Street Network for shortest routes to pedestrians &

cyclists.

- Faster to walk or cycle; than to drive.

Romi Roy UTTIPEC

Vancouver Block: e.g. 80 x 125 MTypical Delhi Housing Block

Concentrated traffic: Fewer, wider streets Distributed traffic: More & narrower streets

Principle 1) Direct Connectivity and Walkability - Finer Street Network for shortest routes to pedestrians &

cyclists.

- Faster to walk or cycle; than to drive.

Romi Roy UTTIPEC

• Create Vibrant Places, not gated developments.

• Build communities:Create interaction places, public plazas, markets and parks – near public transport nodes & along daily paths of people.

• Mix of uses to provide people of varied social groups with options to live, work, shop and play within easy access to public transport and daily necessities.

Nanjing Lu, ShanghaiNanjing Lu, Shanghai Mizner Park, FloridaFruitvale Village

Principle 2) PlaceMaking

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form-based_codes

“Urban Design” Code: Control of Public interfaces is Essential

Non-walk friendly street with Setbacks Walkable, vibrant Mixed-use Street


[email protected]

Building Entries/ windows on Sidewalk (eyes on the street - provides safety for pedestrians)

Remove Setbacks,

Require Entries on sidewalks

Regulate

Maximum Block Widths,Minimum Frontages

Design Street Guidelines

for pedestrians, not cars!

Streets for Trains, Buses, cars and Pedestrians.

Built-to-edge Buildings for Safety & Comfort.

Sidewalks, Bio-swales

Smaller blocks, interconnected streets create shorter travel routes for pedestrians.

Multimodal, pedestrian-oriented.

80-100M m

ax.

80-100M m

ax.

Critical Zoning Laws that may need to be introduced:


Romi Roy UTTIPEC

Principle 3) Cheap, frequent, low-occupancy Feeder Systems

Reroute buses to Metro Stations and provide ample feeder systems.

Rapid Transit

FeedersDIMMTS

Free Maps

Romi Roy UTTIPEC

Current Trends: within 5-min walk of Metro Stations

No Walkable Design.

No Street Frontage.

No Diversity.

Not enough Density.

Principle 4) Mixed Use, Residential dominated within 10 min walk

NOT TODNOT TOD

Romi Roy UTTIPEC

High Density Mixed Uses

Recommended:Recommended:

Within 5 min walk of Station (500 M)…

5 min walk

5 min walk


Romi Roy UTTIPEC

Within 10 min walk of Station (1000 M)…

10 min walk

10 min walk

High Density Mixed Uses


Recommended:Recommended:

Romi Roy

Option 1: - Mandatory Reservation for % of low-income housing in private developments near public transit.

Option 2:

- Density bonuses for market-rate developments to pay for, or construct nearby low-income communities.

- Density bonuses for providing and maintaining shared public parks, facilities and social infrastructure.

Option 3: - Government built low income housing within 800 M walking distance from a rapid transit stations, limiting the size of each community to a maximum of 250 families.

Rapid Transit Station(Metro/ BRT)

Low income housing(Size < 250 families)

High/ Middle income housing

Commercial

Offices/ Light Industrial

Schools/ Libraries/ Civic uses

Public Parks

500 M walking radius

Source: Paromita (Romi) Roy

JNNURM, 2009

Provide DENSITY BONUSESDENSITY BONUSES - not FAR bonuses - near Stations

►


Romi Roy UTTIPEC

• Reverse Commutes will ensure transit use 24x7.

Segregated Uses, Random density Mixed Uses, Transit-Density Pyramid

CuritibaCuritibaCuritibaCuritiba

Principle 5) High/ appropriate density near Stations

Maximum people Live, Work & Play within 5-min walk of RAPID TRANSIT Stations

DelhiDelhiDelhiDelhi

Romi Roy UTTIPEC

IncentivesIncentives BonusesBonuses

TaxesTaxes RequisitesRequisites

In-situ Upgradation/ Redevelopment of slums and/ or provision of low-income housing near stations.

In-situ Upgradation/ Redevelopment of slums and/ or provision of low-income housing near stations.

Designated Neighborhood level Open Space Provision and Maintenance.

Designated Neighborhood level Open Space Provision and Maintenance.

Provision of schools and civic facilities.Provision of schools and civic facilities.

Maintenance of public realm.Maintenance of public realm.

: Cross Subsidization of Services

Private Investment

Private Investment

Expand Public TransportationExpand Public Transportation

Principle 6) Leveraging of Private investment for Public Benefit

We hope….

we can work together to make change in Delhi……