To increase ground water protection, a federal Underground Injection Control (UIC) program was established under the provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1982.

The UIC Program is responsible for regulating the construction, operation, permitting, and closure of injection wells that place fluids underground for storage or disposal.

waste disposal, enhancing oil production, mining, and preventing salt water intrusion.# Injection well categorized into Five Classes.

USDW : An underground source of drinking water (USDW) is an aquifer or a part of an aquifer and contains water that is less than 10000 PPM total dissolved solid

It is used as a drinking water source or may be needed as a drinking water source in the future.  USDW is having specific functions.

Injection wells are regulated by either a state agency or one of EPA's regional offices.

The use of injection wells was documented as early as A.D. 300.  However, large-scale commercial use of injection wells in the U.S. really began in the 1930s.

In 1980, Congress passes the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), requiring additional UIC regulations for deep wells injecting hazardous waste.

Primary States – States that have received primary enforcement authority for the UIC Program.

Territories – U.S. Territories that have primary enforcement authority for the UIC Program.

EPA Regions that directly implement the UIC Program in a state.

CLASS-1 Industrial and

Municipal waste disposal wells

Class 2

OIL AND GAS RELATED WELLS

Class III

Inject fluids to dissolve and extract minerals such as uranium, salt, copper, and sulfur.

Class IV Shallow wells

used to inject hazardous or radioactive wastes into or above a geologic formation that contains a USDW.

In 1984, EPA banned the use of Class IV injection wells for disposal of hazardous or radioactive waste.

Class V wells are used to inject non-hazardous fluids underground.

To dispose of wastes into or above underground sources of drinking water

Most Class V wells are shallow disposal systems that depend on gravity to drain fluids directly in the ground. There are over 20 well subtypes that fall into the Class V category and these wells are used by individuals and businesses to inject a variety of non-hazardous fluids underground.

Class VClass V

*Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Geologic sequestration (GS) is the process of

injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) from a source, such as a coal-fired electric generating power plant

Risk-drinking water, organic leaching, dissolution of metal * Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic fracturing is the injection of fluid

under pressure to facilitate the production of oil and natural gas.