MADE BYKAVERI NARANGB.SC 2ND YEAR I.D.

SUBMITTED TOMR. SANDEEP KUMAR

STAIRCASE

WHAT IS STAIRCASE?

• A stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs, or simply stairs is a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances, called steps. Stairs may be straight, round, or may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles.

• Special types of stairs include escalators and ladders. Some alternatives to stairs are elevators , stair-lifts and inclined moving walkways as well as stationary inclined sidewalks.

STAIRS AND ITS TYPES

• Single flight straight stairs• Double flight straight stairs• Quarter turn newel• Half turn newel• Open wall stairs• Dog legged stairs• Bifurcated stairs• Circular stairs Spiral stair

STEPThe step is composed of the tread and riser.• Tread The part of the stairway that is stepped on. It is constructed to the same specifications (thickness) as any other flooring. The tread "depth" is measured from the outer edge of the step to the vertical "riser" between steps. The "width" is measured from one side to the other .• Riser The vertical portion between each tread on the stair. This may be missing for an "open" stair effect .• Nosing An edge part of the tread that protrudes over the riser beneath. If it is present, this means that, measured horizontally, the total "run" length of the stairs is not simply the sum of the tread lengths, as the treads actually overlap each other slightly.

SINGLE FLIGHT STRAIGHT STAIRS• With a straight flight staircase, you walk, well,

straight up the stairs . A single-flight staircase is without a landing i.e. you get to the top without interruption. A double-flight or multi-flight staircase means there are a number of landings on your way up (or down!).Dog-leg staircases have right-angled flights where you do a sort of a U-turn and change direction at the individual landing(s).

DOUBLE FLIGHT STRAIGHT STAIRS

• The stairs posses two landings while running straight in the complete flight. Here in the image below the stairs has two landings during its complete landing.

QUARTER TURN NEWEL• In quarter turn newel the stairs run straight

in a flight and after reaching the landing the stairs it turns to either left or right at ninety degree and its runs again till it reaches the consecutive horizontal level.

DOUBLE FLIGHT STRAIGHT STAIRS

QUARTER TURN NEWEL

 HALF TURN NEWEL• In half turn newel stairs the stairs runs straight

and after reaching the landing it turns to left or right and then climbs up to next two to three steps and reaches a landing and these steps again turns in the direction from where the user was approaching reaching finally to the consecutive horizontal level.

OPEN WALL STAIRS • These are like normal doglegged stairs but the

only difference is that after reaching the landing the stairs ends up with a railing instead of the wall.

HALF TURN NEWEL

OPEN WALL STAIRS

 DOG LEGGED STAIRS• Dog legged stairs are the stairs in which the user

climbs up to a flight turns at one eighty degree n then climb stairs in opposite direction

BIFURCATED STAIRS• In bifurcated stairs the stairs runs at a flight an as

it reaches the landing the stairs runs from left and right side reaching the same horizontal level these stairs are provided generally in atrium of a building.

BIFURCATED STAIRS

DOG LEGGED STAIRS

 CIRCULAR STAIRS• The stairs made in in a circular form are known as

the circular staircase.

SPIRAL STAIRSThose stairs which are in spiral form is known as spiral staircase.

 CIRCULAR STAIRS

SPIRAL OR HELICAL STAIRS

TECHNICAL TERMS OF STAIRCASE• TREAD : It is the upper horizontal portion of a step upon which the foot is

placed while ascending or descending.• RISER : It is the vertical portion of a step providing a support to the tread.• FLIGHT : This is defined as an unbroken series of steps between landings.• LANDING : It is the level platform at the top or bottom of a flight between the

floors. A landing facilitates change of direction and provides an opportunity for taking rest during the use of the stair.

• RISE : It is the vertical distance between two successive tread faces.• GOING : It is the horizontal distance between two successive riser faces.• STRINGS AND STRINGERS : These are the slopping members which support

the steps in a stair. They run along the slope of the stair.• NEWEL POST : Newel post is a vertical member which is placed at the ends of

flights to connect the ends of strings and hand rail.• BALUSTER : It is vertical member of wood or metal, supporting the hand rail.• HAND RAIL : It is the surrounded or moulded member of wood or metal

following generally the contour of the nosing line, and fixed on the top of balusters.  

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