Residential project akash jain bsc id

Project Report of

Evaluation of Interior Design & Furniture

Dezyne E’cole College

Towards the completion of 1 year of

program of BSc. I.D.

DEZYNE E’COLE COLLEGE

Project Report of


Submitted to

Dezyne E’cole College

By

Mr. AKASH JAIN


program of BSc. I.D.




Tel: +91 9829024839

The project of Mr. AKASH JAIN has been checked

and every aspect of design developed was seen and the

overall grade is

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Name:______________________________



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Place: _______________________________Sign:_______________________________


Date: _______________________________Name:______________________________



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Place: _______________________________

106/10, civil lines,

Ajmer-305001,

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Evaluation of design and furniture project has been compiled seeing the growing need

of the ancient architectural design field in India.

I thank DEZYNE E’COLE for giving me the opportunity to do this project and help

me to consider on various aspects of commercial design.

I thank Mrs. VINITA MATHUR for guiding me on the various design parameters

With due regards

Introduction of Architecture

The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various

traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates.

Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and constructing

form, space and ambience that reflect functional, technical, social, environmental, and

aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of

material, technology, light and shadow. Architecture also encompasses the pragmatic

aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimating and

construction administration. As documentation produced by architects, typically

drawings, plans and technical specifications, architecture defines the structure and/or

behavior of a building or any other kind of system that is to be or has been

constructed.

Classical Period

Ancient Rome Architecture

The Time Period of Initiation

After the death of Alexander the great in 323 BCE.

Characteristics

• Romans absorbed Greek and Phoenician influence in aspects related to their

architecture. For example Triclinium in roman villas

• Introduced use of vaults, dome and arches.

• Constructed imposing structures for public use.

• Use of arch and their improvements in the use of concrete and brick facilitated in the

further constructions.

• Same idea facilitated the buildings such as Aqueduct of Segovia, Aqua Claudia,

Anio Novus

• Roman based much of their architecture on Dome.

• Romans developments in housing and public hygiene are impressive.

• They developed public and private baths and latrines and under floor heating in the

form of the hypocaust.

• Made Urban planning such as the multi –story apartment blocks called insulae.

• Built lighthouses around Mediterranean.

• Freedom of concrete inspired colonnade screen.

• Ancient roman concrete was a mixture of lime mortar, sand with stone rubble,

Pozzolana, water and stone

• Tiling was done with the mosaics, a decoration of colorful chips of stone inset into

cement.

• Murals in decorating floors, walls, and grottoes in geometric and pictorial design

Spreading of this architecture

This architecture was further spread in Europe and North America, Governmental and

religious buildings, Banks, Houses, Business buildings.

Pictures of this architecture

Anio Novus

Colosseum Bath of Diocletian Bath of Caracalla

Aqueducts Aqua Claudia

Hadrians Panatheon Dome of Panatheon Insulae

Triclinium The Basilicas Tower of Hercules

Classical Period

Greece Architecture


In Asia Minor and Italy, for a period about 700 BCE until the 1st century CE.

Characteristics

• Best known from its temples.

• The building that is in evidence all over the Hellenic world is the open-air theatre.

• Distinguished by its highly formalized characteristics, both of structure and

decoration.

• The division of architectural style into three defined categories: the Doric Order, the

Ionic Order and the Corinthian Order.

• The concept of architectural beauty based on balance and proportion.

• The most freely available building material is stone.

• There is an abundance of white marble, particularly Paros and Naxos.

• Temples were placed on hilltops, their exteriors designed as a visual focus of

gatherings and processions.

• Theatres were often an enhancement of a naturally occurring sloping site where

people could sit.

• The light is often extremely bright, with both the sky and the sea vividly blue.

• The gleaming marble surfaces were smooth, curved, fluted or ornately sculpted to

reflect the sun.

• Other architectural forms used by the Greeks were the tholos or circular temple.

• Did not use arches and domes instead they use pillars.

• Fired tiles began to replace thatched roofs at two temples of Apollo and Poseidon.

• Stone walls replaced the mud brick and wood walls.

Spreading of this architecture Theatre, Orchestra, libraries, turkey around the Eastern Mediterranean, including

Mainland Greece, Western Asia Minor, Southern and Central Italy.


Tholos of Theodorus Mausoleum Stones of Paros

Open air Theatre Olympus Stoa

Doric Corinthian Ionic

Tholos Agora Agora

Ancient Period

Chinese Architecture


About in 10th century

Characteristics

• Based on the principle of balance and symmetry.

• Famous for Buddhist temple which can be found scattered around China.

• Most distinctive kinds of Buddhist buildings in China are the stupa (t'a) or pagoda.

• Temples were in form of a storied tower or more rarely a upturned bowl.

• Wealthy houses tiles were painted with paint or gloss.

• In the second and third century, the structures were basically made out of wood.

• Temples roof were curved because Buddhist believed that it helped ward off evil

spirits.

• Temples shape took the form of a tetragonal under Sung during the 10th Century.

• All of the Chinese cities were surrounded by strong, high walls.

• Houses were made up of mud bricks and roots of reeds.

• The temple's roof is also made of glazed ceramic tiles.

• The arc at which the roof turns comes from the intricate fit of rafters.

• They had added an additional colonnade to support the weight under the outer edges.

• There are avenues of lions, mythical animals, camels, elephants, horses, officials, and

guardians carved from single blocks of marble standing guard.

• There could be a stone figure of dragon, lion, etc. on any roof.

• The Great Wall of China was built mainly to protect the Chinese Empire from

invaders from the Mongolians.


Office buildings, residence, temples, yung –ning-ssu dynasty, sung dynasty, tang dynasty.


Pagoda Style Pagoda Style

Buddhist Temples Roof Styles

Zhenguo Pagoda

Great Wall of China Epcot of China

Ancient Buildings Dragon Figure

Ancient Period

Egyptian Architecture


About 500 B.C.

Characteristics

• The Great Pyramid of Giza and the Great Sphinx of Giza, are among the largest and

most famous architecture

• Materials used in ancient Egypt were sun-baked mud brick and stone, mainly

limestone, but also sandstone and granite.

• Stone was generally reserved for tombs and temples.

• Bricks were used for royal palaces, fortresses, the walls of temple precincts and towns.

• Egyptian houses were made out of mud collected from the Nile river.

• Egyptian towns have disappeared because of flood , or the mud bricks of which they

were built were used by peasants as fertilizer.

• Many temples and tombs have survived because they were built on high ground

unaffected by the Nile flood and were constructed of stone.

• Massive structures characterized by thick, sloping walls with few openings, possibly

echoing a method of construction used to obtain stability in mud walls.

• Walls ,columns and piers were covered with hieroglyphic and pictorial frescoes in

bright colors

• Pylon was made by two rulers –Tutankhamen and ramessesII.

• The main entrance was flanked by six colossal statues of ramesses –four seated ,and

two standing

• Modern visitors can also see 25 meter tall pink granite obelisk

Spreading of this architecture Southern and eastern Asia


Temple of Amenhotep Tutankhamum Obelisk

Luxor

Akhenaten Amun Re

Pyramid of Giza

Papyrus

Sphinx of Giza Karnak

Gothic Period

France


Originate in the north of France during the mid 12th century.

Characteristics

• Ribbed vaults, pointed arches.

• Intricately decorated chapels as well as very large stained glass windows.

• Buildings were much taller than had ever been seen before.

• Intricate wavy patterns engraved on the stone work resembled flames.


Germany, Italy, Spain and in Europe by the mid 1300’s.


Saint Chapelle Chartres

Basilica

Ribbed Vaults St. Chapelle

Pointed arches

Renaissance Period

French Architecture


Introduced to France towards the end of the 15th century when king Charles VII of France

began into northern Italy.

Characteristics

• Renaissance architecture in France can be divided into two historical periods:

Early renaissance and Mannerism.

• Early renaissance characterized by round arches , domes, tunnel vaults blended with

Flamboyant Gothic architecture.

• In Mannerism King Francois I of France employed Italian artists and architects to

design and decorate his chateaux at Fontaine Bleaux.


North of Italy and further in France over the next few decades.


Chateaux

Tunnel Vaults Arches Domes

Round Arches

English Classical Period

Baroque Architecture


From 1620-1700

Characteristics

• Ceiling was densely ornamented.

• The shash window was of great innovation.

• Wide use of acanthus leaves and buldging fruits.

• Coloured marbles and coloured glass windows were often used for lighting

special features

• Walls become curved; pediments were broken columns and plasters

twisted.


Great Britain and Ireland, United States, France, northern Europe, Meditterian Europe.


`

Acanthus Leaf

Ornamental Work

Entrances of houses Ornamental Work

Ceiling

English Classical Period

Queen Anne Architecture


Period was from 1880-1900 and during the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras

(1558- 1603:1603- 1625).

Characteristics

• These houses were typically built of wood, allowing the designer unfettered artistic

expression

• Bold and unconventional color schemes were used.

• Round towers and broad decorative gables, as well as elaborate Queen Anne

chimneys, dormers and windows are showcased on homes.

• Eclecticism, asymmetry, contrast and even excess were the hallmarks of the Queen

Anne style.

• Every building sported a variety of surface textures.

• Elaborate motifs decorated gables, spandrel panels and, indeed, almost any flat

surface.

• Materials that included patterned brick or stone, wood shingles and clapboard, slate,

occasionally stucco and sometimes, terracotta panels.

• Decorative stone panels were frequently set into the wall.

• Roof were steeply pitched and complex.

• Roofs provided visual interest and variety with gables, dormers and turrets or towers

often all in one roof.

• Queen Anne towers — square, round or polygonal — were a favorite feature among

architects designing.

• Curved glass is unique to Queen Anne architecture, occasionally found in round bays

and towers.

• The porch was framed by decorative columns, brackets or applied ornaments.


Great Britain and Ireland and United States.


Curved Glasses Residential Buildings

Porch

Bluecoat Chamber

Entrances of house

Colours used on Walls

Georgian Period

The Time Period of Initiation In the 18

th century from 1730-1800

Characteristics

• Linked with the classical period of Greece and Rome.

• Influenced by the classical architecture.

• The main themes were Influenced by Greece and Rome, Terraces and Town House,

Palladianism, Country Houses

• Country house estates were dotted with copies of classical temples and other

allegorical architectural elements

• The opulent cascades of ornamental elements of Baroque gave way in the Georgian

period

• Famous Palladianism

• Terraces were made of brick, with sloping slate roofs hidden behind stone parapets.

• Walls between houses were built thick to prevent the spread of fire.

• The most important rooms were on the first floor.

• Windows were almost exclusively sash-windows

• Front doors are paneled, with a semi-circular fanlight above.

• Terraces were in form of straight lines, squares around a central garden space, or in

crescents or oval "circuses".

• Many great terraces in Bath are the work of the Woods.


Great Britain and Ireland


Sash Windows

Close Alisbury Dormer Windows

Governer Hall

Modernist Architecture Period


Began at the turn of 20th century

Characteristics

• Simplification of form and subtraction of ornament

• The notion that "Form follows function”

• Simplicity and clarity of forms and elimination of "unnecessary detail"

• Visual expression of structure (as opposed to the hiding of structural elements)

• The related concept of "Truth to materials"

• Use of industrially-produced materials; adoption of the machine aesthetic

• Particularly in International Style modernism, a visual emphasis on horizontal and

vertical lines

• Primarily driven by technological and engineering developments.

• The availability of newly-available building materials such as iron, steel, and sheet

glass

• Anti-historicism and long horizontal lines suggesting speed, motion and urgency.

• Commonly used materials were glass, steel, concrete

• Floor plans were functional and logical.


Italy, Western Europe, Russia and United States


Chicago Modernist Bauhaus Newyork Seagram

Metal use

Metal and Glass use

Crystal Palace

Use of Glass

Interior with Glass

Building in Berlin

Use of Glass

Interior with Glass

Building in Berlin

Neo Classical Period


During 1760 – 1830.

Characteristics

• Metal mounts for an effect of richness

• Curves always had a graceful sweep

• Influenced by bronzing and gilding


Italy, Western Europe, Russia and United States


Madrid Prado Vinius Chatedral

Museum Arches