Part 2 - Transformation in Mobility: Impacts of Connected and Automated Vehicles in the Built Environment

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.us

Provider: AIA Pittsburgh Provider Number A217

PPart 2Transformation in Mobility: Impacts of Connected and Automated Vehicles in the Built EnvironmentCourse Number BP16

Allen BiehlerApril 21, 2016


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Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usLearningObjectives

Objective 4 Identify potential impacts and

opportunities of automated vehicles Prepare for the future

At the end of the this course, participants will be able to:


Connected and Autonomous Vehicles 2040 Vision

Secretary Barry Schoch

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usConnected & Autonomous Vehicles – 2040 Vision

• Infrastructure investment and design

• Communication devices / real time data use

• Driver licensing

• Workforce training needs

• Freight movement

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usProposed PennDOT Actions

• Evaluate planned capacity enhancements.

• Collaborate with private sector to convert data into information.

• Begin deployment of V2I applications at key locations.

• Reconfigure and repurpose lanes.

• Dedicate highway lanes to autonomous vehicle use.


Personal car

Zipcar – internet, wireless technology + on-line payment

Real-time knowledge of all modes – seamless connectivity

• ubiquitous smart phones• collaboration of people• data assets• technology platforms

Major Transportation Changes


CityLab April 27, 2015

Microtransit Movement Is Changing Urban Mobility

San Francisco commuter bus Leap Transit.

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usMicrotransit

Commuter buses Leap Transit or Chariot in San

Francisco

Bridj in Boston and now Washington

Dynamic vanpools

Via in New York.

Personal cars as taxis

Lyft

Uber

Company shuttles

Google bus

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usMicrotransit

Commuter buses Leap Transit or Chariot in San

Francisco

Bridj in Boston and now Washington

Dynamic vanpools

Via in New York.

Personal cars as taxis

Lyft

Uber

Company shuttles

Google bus

Driverless


Distronic Plus w/ Steering Assist o Stay in laneo Brakeo Accelerate

Active lane assist Active blind spot assist Attention assist Night view assist Active parking assist

Technology available today

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usAutomation development & deployment

WepodGelderland, Netherlands

Fall 2015

Self-driving cross-country trip

April 1, 2015

“Available in 5 Years” Chris Urmson

Google

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usAutomation development & deployment

Summer 2016Sion, Switzerland

PostBus Switzerland Ltd.

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usWhen?

Cadillac, Tesla, Google, Volvo, Audi, Mercedes-Benz and Nissan – driverless cars by 2020.

Fully driverless vehicles by 2025 (Boston Consulting Group)

Driverless trucks and cars by 2026-2030 (European Road Transport Research Council)

Driverless cars won’t be common and affordable until 2040-2060(Todd Litman)


Automated Vehicle Issues

Technical

Regulatory

Operating

Policy

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usPolicy Issues

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Safety Congestion & VMT

Energy & Environment

Mobility & Access Public Transportation

Economy & JobsLand UseRoadwayDesign

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usThe transition is underway

Transportation Network Companies are the precursor of driverless transportation

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usHow Many American Cities Are Preparing For The Arrival of Self-Driving Cars?

Ride-sharing companies operate in 60 of the 68 largest US markets.

But only:

6% of US big cities are planning or thinking about automated vehicles.

3% of big cities’ transit plans are taking into account ride-hailing companies.

National League of Cities

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usReasons to be interested

30% of urban land in US devoted to parking and roadways

93% of vehicular deaths – human error

Death toll about 3,000/mo. in US

$230 billion in accident cost; 2-3% of GDP

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usReasons to be interested

50 billion hrs. of people’s time; worth about $1 trillion or 8% of GDP

50 billion gallons of imported gasoline

Average car sits idle 92% of time

Average car owner pays $12,544/yr

Cars & trucks produce 80% of transportation carbon.

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usConsiderations

Levels of automation

Capabilities of automated vehicles

When will automated vehicles be available?

Penetration rates

Who will own the vehicles?

When to take action?

What action?

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usPotential Outcomes

One shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) could replace 9 conventional vehicles in Austin (Kockelman et al, University of Texas)

SAV’s could result in a city where everyone could travel with one-fifth the number of cars (Carlo Ratti, SENSEable City Lab, MIT)

SAV’s could reduce traffic or make cars cheaper and increase traffic (Marshall Brown, Illinois Institute of Technology)

Lisbon could offer the same level of mobility with 10% of vehicles if Robo-taxis were used (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usPotential Outcomes

Driverless technology will enable electric vehicles.

More affordable housing if reduce parking requirements.

More independent mobility for people with low incomes.

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usWill the world of driverless cars be heaven or hell?

Robin Chase, Zipcar Founder, CityLab 4-3-14

By 2050, there could be 2.5 billion more people living in urban areas. If 10% have a car, that’s another 250 million vehicles. Jordan Crucchiola, Wired, 11-27-15


Planners, Urban Designers & Developers

Collaboration Opportunity


Wid

en20-Year Forecast

Capacity

Years

Ideal Traffic Planning

Past Practice


Congestion

Wid

enCongestion

Congestion

Traf

fic

Wid

enCapacity

Years

Choice

Reduced Options

No Option

Past Practice

More Typical Traffic Planning

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usPast Practice

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usActions to Consider

Stop adding highway lanes and more parking lots. Instead build ideal driverless urban environment (Gabe Klein)

Driverless cars will create opportunity to capture roadway and parking space in urban areas.


Roadway design

o Narrower lanes and cartways

o Curbside design for heavier pick-ups & drop-offs

o Special lanes for driverless vehicles

o Pedestrian and bicycle safety design

o Eliminate curbs

o Design speeds


Parking

o Reduce or eliminate on- and off-street parking

o Lower or eliminate parking requirements for developments

Transit

o Continue investment in fixed-route, fixed guideway

o Stop and station design

o Service integration


Consider driverless car pockets within cities.

Capture up to 90% of urban land devoted to roadways and parking.

o Garages & lots – commercial, mixed-use, residential

o Open space

Incentivize data companies to make upfront investments.

U LI conversation with Christopher Choa (AECOM VP, UK)

Edward G. Rendell, Governor www.dot.state.pa.usPolicy Issues

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Safety Congestion & VMT

Energy & Environment

Mobility & Access Public Transportation

Economy & JobsLand UseRoadwayDesign


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