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Mark Dohrmann, Director, Mark Dohrmann and Partners Pty Ltd delivered this presentation at the 2nd Annual Control Room Design & Operations Conference. This conference provided insights into streamlining operations, optimising efficiency & managing costs in your control room facilities, through effective design and operations. For more information, visit http://www.informa.com.au/controlroomdesign14
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Dohrmann Consulting Pty Ltd www.ergonomics.com.au 1 11/4/2014
Dohrmann Consulting Pty. Ltd. Engineers & Ergonomists 11 March 2014
Ergonomics in control rooms
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Successful control rooms work efficiently and reliably -
n In normal situations n In unusual situations n In emergencies n during outages n at startup
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What is the secret?
n Strong technology n A thoughtful, clear-sighted design process n Recognising that humans are at the centre n Following user-centred processes
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What things go wrong?
Examples …
n Operators can’t get a full overview n Not enough space n Difficult to navigate n People walking through n Communications difficult when busy n Tiredness n Many more …….
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Ergonomics
n “Fitting work to people” n The mission: to make a control room safe,
comfortable and productive
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Human factors (ergonomics) considers … n peoples’ size n their shape n postures n tasks n vision needs n hearing and noise n comfort over time n fatigue and its causes n social and communication needs, n the whole physical environment n work routines and systems n … and more.
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Control room process should follow two concurrent streams:
n Technical n Human factors
… and integrate them as they progress
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ISO 11064
n “Ergonomic Design of Control Centres” n 7 parts n Parts published from 1999 - 2013
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Excellent control rooms exploit human abilities and avoid human weaknesses.
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Vision and lighting
n 30% cone for primary attention n Gaze angles selected to suit neck postures n Display distance > twice the display height n Visual accommodation, convergence, depth of
field
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Space, fit and reach
n Percentile limits n Reach n Elbow room n Legs n Shoulders n Can they see?
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www.ergonomics.com.au
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Adjusting chair for correct working posture
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Workstation Layout
Reach Zones
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Seating, consoles, furniture
n Muscles need movement n Support, not softness n AFRDI rating n Sitting and standing
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Air, temperature, noise
n Activity levels n Heat sources n Draughts n Speech masking
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Communications
n Distractions n Visitors n Noise levels n Simplicity n Training exercises
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HMI (Human machine interaction) … massive amounts of literature and advice
n System status should be visible (“situation awareness”)
n System should match the real world n Keep user control (undo, back out)
n Ensure consistent symbols, layout, icons, colors n Rely on recognition, not recall
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HMI (Human machine interaction) … continued
n An efficient design (eg shortcuts for the experienced)
n Embed error prevention (or “Confirm?” if needed)
n Aesthetic – minimalist design is best
n Ensure error recognition, diagnosis, recovery n Provide HELP - and clear documentation
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Maintenance
n Access n Manual Handling n Downtime
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Control rooms: ergonomics summary
Physical n Equipment & Furniture n Layout n Console design Environmental n Temperature n Air flow n Noise n Lighting n Housekeeping
Psychosocial n Work load n Repetitive tasks n Realistic task expectations n Job content n Job control n Organisational support n Team relationships n Training
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“Everything that is designed is used by a human being …” n Dohrmann Consulting Pty Ltd:
¨ www.ergonomics.com.au ¨ [email protected] ¨ 03 9376 1844