Managing Hazardous Materials

Flad Architects Page 1 of 2 Flad Code Forum Notes : 25 August 2016

Flad Code Forum Notes 10 October 2016 1. Code Forums

a. Notes of past code forums are posted at : i. Flad Home Page / Resources / Codes / Forums / Year / Date of Forum.

b. This Code Forum will Discuss : Managing Hazardous Materials c. Additional information is contained in attached power point slides: PP-pages. d. All code references are to the following editions :

i. “IBC” = 2012 International Building Code Door Hardware – Refer to PP-01 through PP-95 2. Overview : PP-03 through PP-08

i. Design Teams need to balance the issues of hazard and risk : (1) Hazard refers to an inherent property of a substance that is capable of causing

an adverse effect. (2) Risk refers to the probability that an adverse effect will occur with specific

exposure conditions. ii. The management of Hazardous Materials (HMs) is a balancing act between these

(2) issues. iii. A “High Hazard” (Group H) occupancy involves hazardous materials in excess of the

allowable quantities. (1) The difference between classifying a building as a “Business (Group B)” or a

“High Hazard (Group H)” sometimes can be as small as a gallon of HMs. iv. Our homes and garages could be classified as a “High Hazard (Group H)” depending

on the quantities of HMs stored and/or in use. v. Why not simply classify any B/F/S building with HMs as a “High Hazard (Group H)”

occupancy? (1) Allowable Building Heights (Number of Stories) & Areas = H < B/F/S (2) Required Separations

(a) H-1 cannot be in the same building as H-2/H-3/H-4/H-5 (b) H-3/H-4 Occupancies are required to be 1-Hr separated from one another

(3) Means of Egress : more stringent than most other occupancies (a) Common Path of Travel = 25’ / 75’ (b) Corridor FRR = 1-Hour (c) Spaces w/one Exit or Exit Access Doorway = (3) occupants (H-1/H-2/H-3) (d) Exit Access Travel Distance = 75’, 100’ 150’, 175’, 200’

3. Evaluate : PP-09 through PP-58 a. This first step involves (3) sub-tasks :

i. Categorize the Hazardous Materials (HM) ii. Identify the HM Systems iii. Determine HM Quantities

b. Categorize the Hazardous Materials (HM) : PP-11 through PP-35 i. In order to categorize a HM as in “storage”, it must be in a closed container. ii. An “in use” HM is one that is placed into “action.” iii. “Closed system” means HMs are not exposed to the atmosphere. iv. “Open system” means HMs are exposed to the atmosphere.

c. Identify the HM Systems : PP-37 through PP-47 i. Is the HM in a Closed Container?

(1) Storage vs In Use – Closed vs In Use – Open

Flad Architects Page 2 of 2 Flad Code Forum Notes : 25 August 2016

ii. The aggregate quantity in use and storage shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage. (1) Closed System + Open System < Storage

d. Determine HM Quantities : PP-49 through PP-58 i. Q1 : Can a Business occupancy store HMs?

(1) A1 : Yes ii. Q2 : What can be stored?

(1) A2 : Any HM as long as it is under the Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ). iii. Q3 : How much can be stored?

(1) A3 : MAQs less than 2012 IBC Table 307.1 (1) (a) Footnote d and Footnote e allows for a 100% + 100% accumulated increase

in certain HM MAQs which equates to a 2X or a 4X increase. 4. Classify : PP-59 through PP-79

a. Classify the Occupancy(s) by Control Areas (CA) b. Separated from each other by Fire Barriers or Horizontal Assemblies or both.

i. Supported by a 1-Hr or a 2-Hr Fire Barrier. (1) Flad Example

(a) Bldg is Type IIB (0-Hrs) so CA must be supported by 2-Hr floor assemblies. (b) Option 1 : entire building = (1) CA

ii. Table 414.2.2 assigns the following requirements to CAs based on story (1) Percentage of MAQs per CA (2) Number of CAs per story (3) FRR of CA’s FBs

5. Design : PP-80 through PP-94 a. Q4 : How much MORE can we store by adding Control Areas on all (3) stories?

i. A4 : 3X (Level 0) + 4X (Level 1) + 3X (Level 2) b. Issues with Proposed Design (PP-91)

i. All CAs on Level 01 & Level 02 are required to supported by 2-hr floor construction. ii. All CAs are required to have a 1-Hr “lid” (floor construction or a horizontal assembly).

c. Resulting Design (PP-92) i. (3) CAs (A, B, & C) all on Level 00 (slab on grade) and capped with a 1-Hr HA.

d. CA Strategy i. Individual CA’s do not have to be contiguous spaces or rooms. ii. Multiple spaces or rooms can be assigned to the same CA.

(1) MAQs are added up between all of the individual CA spaces or rooms. iii. This strategy can be problematic because inventory control is difficult to coordinate.

T:\twyatt\Code\Code Forums\2016 1013\2016 1013 Code Forum Notes.docx

F L A D C O D E F O R U M

Managing Hazard Materialsor

How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Hazardous Materials

10/13/2016 Flad Code Forum : Managing Haz Mat 1

O U T L I N E

I. Evaluate

I. Categorize the Hazardous Materials (HM)

II. Identify the HM Systems

III. Determine HM Quantities

II. Classify

I. Classify the Occupancy(s)

III. Design

I. Example : Flad MSN Headquarters


Hazard vs. Risk

Hazard refers to an inherent property of a substance that is capable of causing an adverse effect.

Risk refers to the probability that an adverse effect will occur with specific exposure conditions.


HIGH-HAZARD GROUP H

What makes a building “High-Hazard”?

307.1 High-hazard Group H.

High-hazard Group H occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, that involves the manufacturing, processing, generation or storage of materials that constitute a physical or health hazard in quantities in excess of those allowed ….


High-Hazard Group H (?)


Why NOT Group H ?


Why NOT Group H ?


Why NOT Group H ?


I. Evaluate


I. Evaluate


I. Physical Hazard?

II. Health Hazard?




I. Categorize the Hazardous Materials

• Physical Hazards (OSHA)– Fire Hazards

• Combustible liquid

• Flammable liquid

• Flammable aerosol

• Flammable gas

• Flammable solid

• Oxidizer

• Pyrophoric

– Reactive Hazards• Organic peroxide

• Unstable (reactive)

• Water-reactive

– Explosion Hazards• Compressed gas

• Explosive

• Health Hazards (OSHA)– Systemic Effects

• Carcinogen

• Toxic agent

• Highly toxic agent

• Corrosive

• Irritant

• Sensitizer

– Target Organ Effects• Hepatotoxin

• Nephrotoxin

• Neurotoxin

• Blood/hematopoietic toxin

• Respiratory toxin

• Reproductive toxin

• Cutaneous hazard

• Eye hazard



• Physical Hazards (ICC)– Combustible

• Liquid, Dust, Fiber

– Cryogenics• Flammable, Inert, Oxidizing

– Explosives

– Flammable• Gas, Liquid, Solid

– Organic peroxide

– Oxidizer

– Oxidizing gas

– Pyrophoric material

– Unstable (reactive)

– Water reactive

• Health Hazards (ICC)– Corrosive (Liquid, Gas, Solid)

– Highly Toxic (L, G, S)

– Toxic (L, G, S)





HMs come in (3) basic “states”


Solid Liquid Gas


HMs come in (3) additional “states”


Solid Gas

DustFiber Liquefied Gas

Liquid


2012 International Fire Code (IFC)




HMIS ???

Hazardous Materials

Identification System

NO

HMIS ???

Hazardous Materials

Inventory Statement

YES



No HMIS?

Request the following :

• Inventory of all “Hazardous Materials”

– HM Management Software

– Procurement System

• Barcoding

• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

• Compliance Reports

– HM : What, Where & How Much?




What you’d prefer to receive from the Owner :



What you’ll probably receive from the Owner :



HM Inventory

– Software (>1000 HMs)

– Access File (>500 + <1000 HMs)

– Excel File (<500 HMs)

Steps to create an inventory

1. Review purchase orders & receipts of HM

2. Survey the existing building(s) for HM

3. Interview staff of future HM needs



What Flad can produce as a deliverable :



Where can I find that?

Flad Portal : https://portal.flad.com/index.php


IFC - Appendix E : Hazard Categories

E102.1 Physical hazards

E102.1.1 Explosives and blasting agents.

E102.1.2 Compressed gases.

E102.1.3 Flammable and combustible

liquids.

E102.1.4 Flammable solids.

E102.1.5 Combustible dusts and powders.

E102.1.6 Combustible fibers.

E102.1.7 Oxidizers.

E102.1.8 Organic peroxides.

E102.1.9 Pyrophoric materials.

E102.1.10 Unstable (reactive) materials.

E102.1.1 Water-reactive materials.

E102.1.12 Cryogenic fluids.

E102.2 Health hazards

E102.2.1 Highly toxic materials.

E102.2.2 Toxic materials.

E102.2.3 Corrosives.

E103.1 Degree of hazard

E103.1.1

Chemical properties of the material.

E103.1.2

Physical properties of the material.

E103.1.3

Amount & concentration of the material.

E103.1.4

Actual use, activity or process involving

the material.

E103.1.5 Surrounding conditions.




E103.2 Evaluation questions.

The following are sample evaluation questions:

1. What is the material?1. Correct identification is important; exact spelling is vital. Check labels, MSDS, ask responsible persons, ect.

2. What are the concentration and strength?

3. What is the physical form of the material?1. Liquids, gases and finely divided solids have differing requirements for spill and leak control and

containment.

4. How much material is present?1. Consider in relation to permit amounts, maximum allowable quantity per control area (from Group H occupa

ncy requirements), amounts which require detached storage and overall magnitude of the hazard.

5. What other materials (including furniture, equipment and building components) are close enough tto interact with the material?

6. What are the likely reactions?

7. What is the activity involving the material?

8. How does the activity impact the hazardous characteristics of the material?1. Consider vapors released or hazards otherwise exposed.

9. What must the material be protected from?1. Consider other materials, temperature, shock, pressure, etc.

10. What effects of the material must people and the environment be protected from?



The following are sample evaluation questions:

11. How can protection be accomplished?1. Consider:

1. Proper containers and equipment.

2. Separation by distance or construction.

3. Enclosure in cabinets or rooms.

4. Spill control, drainage and containment.

5. Control systems

1. Ventilation, special electrical, detection and alarm, extinguishment,

2. Explosion venting, limit controls,

3. Exhaust scrubbers and excess flow control.

6. Administrative (operational) controls

1. Signs, ignition source control, security, personnel training.

2. Established procedures, storage plans and emergency plans.




Evaluation of the hazard is a strongly subjectiveprocess; therefore, the person charged with this responsibility must gather as much relevant data as possible so that the decision will be objective and within the limits prescribed in laws, policies and standards.

It may be necessary to cause the responsible persons in charge to have tests made by qualified persons or testing laboratories to support contentions that a particular material or process is or is not hazardous.



CAS Registry Number

• Unique numerical identifier assigned by

Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to every

chemical substance described in the open

scientific literature, currently including those

described from at least 1957 through the

present.



List of CAS numbers by chemical compound• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CAS_numbers_by_chemical_compound



CAS numberhttp://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/cas-ser.html







I. Evaluate



I. Storage

II. Uses

I. Closed System?

II. Open System?



II. Identify the HM System

2012 International Building Code (IBC)

STORAGE, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

The keeping, retention or leaving of hazardous

materials in closed containers, tanks, cylinders,

or similar vessels; or vessels supplying

operations through closed connections to the

vessel.



In “USE”

Placing a material into action, including solids,

liquids and gases.

Commentary



CLOSED SYSTEM.

The use of a solid or liquid hazardous material involving a closed vessel or system that remains closed during normal operations where vapors emitted by the product are not liberated outside of the vessel or system and the product is not exposed to the atmosphere during normal operations; and all uses of compressed gases.

Examples of closed systems for solids and liquids include product conveyed through a piping system into a closed vessel, system or piece of equipment.



CLOSED SYSTEMS



OPEN SYSTEM.

The use of a solid or liquid hazardous material involving a vessel or system that is continuously open to the atmosphere during normal operationsand where vapors are liberated, or the product is exposed to the atmosphere during normal operations.

Examples of open systems for solids and liquids include dispensing from or into open beakers or containers, dip tank and plating tank operations.



OPEN SYSTEMS




The keeping, retention or leaving of hazardous

materials in closed containers, tanks, cylinders,

or similar vessels; or vessels supplying

operations through closed connections to the

vessel.




Is the HM in a Closed Container?

YES NO

Is it “In Use?

YESNO

STORAGE In USE - CLOSED In USE - OPEN

Is it “In Use?

YESNO




CLOSED SYSTEMS + OPEN SYSTEMS < STORAGE MAQS

TABLE 307.1(1)

b. The aggregate quantity in use and storage shall not exceed the quantity

listed for storage.


TABLE 307.1(1)


Closed System + Open System < Storage

• 30 gallons + 10 gallons < 30 gallons

Examples : Class 1A Flammable Liquids

• 25 gallons + 5 gallons < 30 gallons … OK

• 26 gallons + 8 gallons > 30 gallons … NOT OK


2012 International Fire Code (IFC)


I. Evaluate





I. Determine HM Quantities

Proposed Project

A laboratory across the street from Flad’s Madison headquarters would like to “store” hazardous materials in our office.

Questions

Q1 : Is this allowable?

If Q1 = Yes …

Q2 : What can we store?

Q3 : How much can we store?

Q4 : Where can we store it?



Proposed Project

A laboratory across the street from Flad’s Madison headquarters would like to “store” hazardous materials in our office.

Questions

Q1 : Is this allowable? A1 : Yes, anything is possible.

If Q1 = Yes …


Q3 : How much can we store?

Q4 : Where can we store it?





• Health Hazards (ICC)

– Corrosive

– Highly Toxic

– Toxic

• Physical Hazards (ICC)– Combustible

• Liquid, Dust, Fiber

– Cryogenics• Flammable, Inert, Oxidizing

– Explosives

– Flammable• Gas, Liquid, Solid

– Organic peroxide

– Oxidizer

– Oxidizing gas

– Pyrophoric material

– Unstable (reactive)

– Water reactive


Q3 : How much can we store? Per 2012 IBC Table 307.1 (1) :

Combustible Liquids (gallons)

• Class II Storage (120) Use-Closed (120) Use-Open (30)

• Class IIIA Storage (330) Use-Closed (330) Use-Open (80)

• Class IIIB Storage (13200) Use-Closed (13200) Use-Open (3300)

Flammable Gases

• Gaseous Storage (1000) Use-Closed (1000) Use-Open (N/A)

• Liquefied Storage (150) Use-Closed (150) Use-Open (N/A)

Flammable Liquids

• Class 1A Storage (30) Use-Closed (30) Use-Open (10)

• Class 1B+1C Storage (120) Use-Closed (120) Use-Open (30)

• Class 1A+1B+1C Storage (120) Use-Closed (120) Use-Open (30)



Q3 : How much can we store? Per 2012 IBC

Table 307.1 (1) :



Q3 : How much can we store? Per 2012 IBC Table 307.1 (1) : 2X vs 4X




• Class IIIB Not limited per Footnote e

Flammable Liquids




Flammable Gases





Q3 : How much can we store? Per 2012 IBC Table 307.1 (1) : 2X vs 4X





Flammable Liquids




Flammable Gases







II. Classify


II. Classify

I. Classify the Occupancy(s)

I. Control Areas

II. Group H and/or Control Areas?

I. Separated vs Nonseparated Occupancies


I. Control Areas

CONTROL AREA.

Spaces within a building where quantities of

hazardous materials not exceeding the

maximum allowable quantities per control area

are stored, dispensed, used or handled.

See also the definition of “Outdoor control area”

in the International Fire Code


I. Control Areas

414.2 Control Areas

414.2.1 Construction requirements.

414.2.2 Percentage of maximum allowable

quantities.

414.2.3 Number.

414.2.4 Fire-resistance-rating requirements.

414.2.5 Hazardous material in Group M display and

storage areas and in Group S storage areas.


I. Control Areas

414.2.1 Construction requirements.

Control areas shall be separated

from each other by fire barriers

constructed in accordance

with Section 707 or horizontal

assemblies constructed in

accordance with Section 711, or

both.

FBs & HAs = 1-Hour or 2-Hours


I. Control Areas


The required fire-resistance rating for fire

barriers shall be in accordance with Table

414.2.2.

The floor assembly of the control area

and the construction supporting the floor of the

control area shall have a fire-resistance rating of

not less than 2 hours.


I. Control Areas


Exception: The floor assembly of the control area and the

construction supporting the floor of the control area are

allowed to be 1-hour fire-resistance rated in buildings of

Types IIA, IIIA and VA construction, provided that both of the

following conditions exist:

1. The building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1; and

2. The building is three or fewer stories above grade plane.


I. Control Areas


Flad = Type IIB … Exception does NOT apply



Entire Building =

(1) Control Area

I. Control Areas

414.2.2 Percentage of maximum allowable quantities.

The percentage of maximum allowable quantities of

hazardous materials per control area permitted at each

floor level within a building shall be in accordance with

Table 414.2.2.

414.2.3 Number.

The maximum number of control areas within a building

shall be in accordance with Table 414.2.2.


I. Control Areas










I. Control Areas





III. Design


III. Design

Q3 : How much can we store? Per 2012 IBC Table 307.1 (1) x 0.75 (%)





Flammable Liquids




Flammable Gases




III. Design

Q3 : How much can we store? Per 2012 IBC Table 307.1 (1) x 0.75 (%)





Flammable Liquids




Flammable Gases




III. Design

Q4 : How much MORE can we store by adding

Control Areas on all (3) stories?

A4 : 3X (Level 0) + 4X (Level 1) + 3X (Level 2)


III. Design

Q4 : How much MORE can we store by adding CAs on all (3) stories?

A4 : (3X) on Level 0 (after the 75% multiplier)





Flammable Liquids




Flammable Gases




III. Design







Flammable Liquids




Flammable Gases




III. Design







Flammable Liquids




Flammable Gases




III. Design







Flammable Liquids




Flammable Gases




III. Design







Flammable Liquids




Flammable Gases




III. Design







Flammable Liquids




Flammable Gases








Inventory TIME = Design FEE ?

Is researching HMs part of our fee?

Consider a separate Project Number

• 00000-01 Hazardous Material Inventory

– Outline the PROCESS

• WHAT HM inventory information does the OWNER have?

• WHAT is the QUALITY of this HM inventory information?

– What? Where? How much?

• What is the deliverable?

– List? List + Plan?


F L A D C O D E F O R U M

T H A N K Y O U F O R

AT T E N D I N G
