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Spain 1986-2011: 25 years of urban transformation
Recent architecture in Madrid, Barcelona and Bilbao
Madrid: La Castellana Axis within a Crossroads Center
Fuente: vozpopuli, 09-03-2013 [http://vozpopuli.com/actualidad/22524-particulares-expropiados-se-querellan-contra-botella-por-la-operacion-nuevo-bernabeu]
Crop from the “View of madrid from the west., comissioned by Felipe II in 1562. to Anton Van der Wyngaerde (Source:Wikipedia)”.
Bilbao, a city along a river, into the sea Historic Intro: Visigoth origins, Muslim development as a fortress in 850, “Mayrit” ~ water mother/mouth
1562 Felipe II establishes the capital as an strategic decision in a centric crossroads
La Castellana is the financial and cultural backbone of Madrid Some buildings as milestones or landmarks along La Castellana. Both in Chronological and Geographical order
Madrid as Financial Center: La Castellana extended
Center of Infrastructures: Madrid as Km 0
Center of Cultural Tourism
Madrid as Financial Center: La Castellana extended Formerly clustered around Azca, the financial power of the capital still sites in a sort of axis which resembles a Castellana extended This view depicts Picasso Tower, Kio Tower and the Four Towers
The Picasso tower (1982-1988) by Minoru Yamasaki (Twin Towers), now owned by Inditex Azca, Centric Business District . Former taller building in Spain (156m) and perhaps its tallest chimney, ventilating the underground motorway. Shown in movie “Abre los ojos”. Inditex owns Zara, one of the world’s largest clothing companies , owned by Amancio Ortega (3rd richest man) ”
KIO Towers (1989-96) by Johnson & Burgee (Lipstick, AT+T/Sony Building NYC). Bankia, Realia Sited in Plaza Castilla, marked the entrance to the city with the gesture of tilting both towers as an arch-door (postmodern-talkative building) They were the first inclined skyscrapers (115 m) and have been depicted in “the Day of the Beast”, “Torrente 3”, and the Indian Movie “Sivaji”
CTBA Four Towers (2004-09). Foster, R&AS, Pelli, Cobb. Former Real Madrid Sports City Site Foster=Cepsa/Bankia, R&AS=PWC Offices +Hotel, Pelli=Offices, Cobb= Offices +Embassies…Tallest towers in Spain, can be seen from miles away. Height: 230-250m. 4th to 8th tallest buildings in Europe
BBVA (ongoing) Arch. Herzog & Meuron (Tate Gallery) From Tower to City : matt building+icon Moved form Azca, Centric Business District . 100.000 m2 Plynth with Oval Plate 93m high, like Statue of Liberty Cost: 800 million €. For 6000 workers. Own page in instagram, paid for pedestrian bridge across motorway. Better visibility than Santander
Telefónica C District (2008-11). Rafael d la Hoz. Telecommunications City/Office park/Campus Telefónica is a Spanish telecommunications provider, the sixth-largest mobile network provider in the world Cost: 500m € for 400.000m2 in a 140.000 m2 site (14 soccer fields), hosting 14.000 daily workers and visitors, it has a dedicated subway station
Repsol Campus (2007-12). Rafael de la Hoz. Headquarters as Office Campus
Repsol is a global energy company based in Madrid. Its Headquarters are conceived as a Campus in the City, as an Open Cloister 123.000 m2 Site -similar size to El Escorial. 4.000 daily workers. Leed Platinium (provides 100 new trees, occupies former industrial site
Center of Infrastructures: Madrid as Km 0
Atocha (extensions main 1991, last 2012). R. Moneo. HUB Local+ Regional+ High Speed Train
Barajas T4 airport extension (2006). Arch: Rogers+Lamela. Iberia goes global in British Airways
Subway & Suburban train extensions / reaching outskirts /EU money into infrastructures
1986 2011
1986
Motorways. Around: M40, 45, 50… and away (R1, R2…) Madrid Regional model
2011
1979
Green areas extension, constrained by infrastructures
1999
Motorways. Under: M30 …and over Madrid Rio Landscape 2007-2011 (B&G, R&AS, West 8)
Center of Cultural Tourism: Art Axis
MNCARS. Reina Sofia (1988+2005) various architects + Jean Nouvel (Cartier Foundation, Paris) Contemporary Art Museum, at the southern end of the so-called Golden Triangle of Art (located along the Paseo del Prado and also comprising the Museo del Prado and the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza). Museum visitors: 2.300.000/ year
Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum (1992) Arch.: Rafael Moneo (L. A. Cathedral)
In 1985, the owner married Carmen Cervera ( former Miss Spain 1961) .Cervera's influenced the relocation of the collection to Spain in a building available just next to the Prado. the Spanish Government bought this collection in 2003. Museum visitors: 1.100.000/ year
.
Extension of Prado Museum (2008). Rafael Moneo (L. A. Cathedral) « Back & Below » Featuresone of the world's finest collections of European art, dating from the 12th century to the early 19th century, based on the former Spanish Royal Collection, and unquestionably the best single collection of Spanish art.. Museum visitors: 2.300.000/ year
Caixa Forum Herzog & de Meuron
Other venues: S. Bernabeu 1982-2019? (vs. olympics wannabe: Peineta, CajaMágica…)
1986 2011
Barcelona: Life beyond the Eixample? 22@ the newer extension of Barcelona, seen from the rediscovered seaside towards the constraining mountains
Intro: Barcelona the urban city model and Cerda’s influence The extension of Barcelona by Idefons Cerdá was the model to many other extensions in Spain and abroad. It is considered the beginning of modern urbanism
Barcelona 1992: The City Olympics The Olympic Games were awarded in 1986 as an instrument for urban regeneration. The City image as a referent: Diving into the urban
Roads & Streets plan. New Centralities. Olympic Areas and Rings Moving faster among the facilities. Regenerate different areas
Regeneration and development of the waterfront and Olympic Port A new waterline opens the city to the sea. Includes the Olympic Port and several beaches
Sports facilities Sports facilities in Montjuic: Olympic Stadium, Palau Sant Jordi. Swimming Pool…
Urban Services Telecommunication towers
New Dwellings, Hotels & Offices Increase in number of beds / Increase in dwellings number and value / New Office Premises visibility (Skyscrapers)
New Dwellings, Hotels & Offices Increase in number of beds / Increase in dwellings number and value / New Office Premises visibility (Skyscrapers)
Recent infrastructures infrastructures
Airport extensions Bofill
AVE Station (Sants) AVE’s Late arrival (2007)
TRAM (2006) & New bus system (2012) First tram Along Diagonal, from Glories to Forum Bus System: Horizontal + Vertical Lines
BICING (2007) 6000 bikes. Success model copied in other Spanish cities
Urban Regeneration and Culture: inside out , a mirror to the city
Ciutat Vella Inside out: Mercado Sta. Caterina EMBT (roof=Gaudi’s Güell Park) Mercado Sta. Caterina
Regen. Ravall: MACBA (Museum of Contemporary Art Barcelona) R. Meier (Getty Museum) Richard Meier = New York Five including Peter Einsenman, Complex Geometries + Rich interiors + Homage to Le Corbusier + Use of White
Regenerating Ravall: CCCB Behind & Hidden. A Patio with a Mirror (periscope) to the city Overlooking from below
Regenerating Ravall: Filmoteca de Catalunya Another big box fits in
Eixample upgraded: La Sagrada Familia (Temple of the Holy Family). Keeping up with Gaudi 1926 Gaudi dies hit by a tram. 2014 to be ended in 15 to 20 years…perhaps 2026?. Record of vsitors:
1926 2014
Eixample upgraded: L’Illa Diagonal (2000). R. Moneo & M. Solá Morales
Eixample upgraded: Library inside a block RCR Architects (2009)
Late Developments
22@Barcelona, the Innovation District Celebrates the 75th anniversary of 1929 World Exhibition. 3.300.000 visitors (5.000.000 expected) “The Forum’s planning and architecture were a bad copy of the inspiring and articulate new neighborhood of Euralille” Josep Mª Montaner
AGBAR Tower (AGuas de BARcelona) 1999-2005. Nouvel 50,693 Total sq. metres: 30,000 offices. 3,210 technical facilities. 8,132 services, auditorium.9,132 sq. metres Parking. Cost 130 million€ Building Idea: “it’s like a Geiser” 3rd tallest building at 144m. Similarities with Foster Swiss RE London (2001-2004) The “Gherkin”at 180 m
Forum 2004. Celebrates the 75th anniversary of 1929 World Exhibition. 3.300.000 visitors (5.000.000 expected) “The Forum’s planning and architecture were a bad copy of the inspiring and articulate new neighborhood of Euralille” Josep Mª Montaner
Forum 2004. Herzog & de Meuron , etc Celebrates the 75th anniversary of 1929 World Exhibition. 3.300.000 visitors (5.000.000 expected) “The Forum’s planning and architecture were a bad copy of the inspiring and articulate new neighborhood of Euralille” Josep Mª Montaner
Gas Natural Fenosa Headquarters (1998-2005). EMBT [Scottish Parlament] 40 m cantilever and 86 m height. Site: First Gas Factory in Spain , 160 y ears ago. Image of Gas flame changing as glass reflections Result of a competition in1998, by E. Miralles+ B. Tagliabue ( Miralles died in 200 before starting its construction).
“Las Arenas” Shopping Mall , Former bullring (2011). Rogers (Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners) Bull fighting was recently banned in Catalonia. Shopping Mall is packed with 12 Cinemas, and four levels of underground parking. Very large dome with offices in the back, and roundabout-like viewing deck
Hotel W “Vela”(Sail Hotel) Barceloneta (2009). Ricardo Bofill. (
Similar Structures in Dubai (“7 stars” Hotel Burj Al Arab by Tom Wright, 321m, 1999) & Lisbon (SOM 145 m, 1998, Hotel added 2012) Received critics for building on protected waterfront
Bilbao: Urban transformations, beyond the Guggenheim
«Aster bilbao lrg». Publicado bajo la licencia Public domain vía Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aster_bilbao_lrg.jpg#mediaviewer/Archivo:Aster_bilbao_lrg.jpg.
Bilbao, a city along a river, into the sea
The image of Bilbao is linked to its river set of two paintings by Pablo Gonzalvo y Perez representing Bilbao, as displayed in the headquarters of BBVA
Bilbao is born (1300) and develops as a city in the mouth of the rivers Nervión and Ibaizabal Engraving of “Bilvao”, by Franz Hogenberg, 1554
La Ría and the port contributed to the industrial development boom of Bilbao
But also had dark days: The dawn of iron industrial age, the floods and the peak of terrorism
City present: Guggenheim (by Gehry, 1997) and around
City future: Zorrozaurre, arch: Zaha Hadid (From Deconstructivism to Parametrics)
Enlarging the Port and moving it from the city center to its outskirts
The river regeneration
Sondica Airport. Calatrava, 2000. Homage to Saarinen TWA Terminal JFK 1962
New underground system. Stations designed by Norman Foster
Source: www.bilbaointernational.com/3-metro-bilbao/
New and successful tram
Neighborhood Integration recovering obsolete train stations, and roads
Urban and Cultural Regeneration …and its visibility through the architects’ star system
Source: www.bilbaointernational.com/category/arquitectos-con-estrella/
Source www.starck.com/en/architecture/categories/exterior_architecture.html#alhondiga
La Alhondiga. Philippe Starck (2007)
Barakaldo: BEC!, Stadium, Millenium Park…
Guggenheim
