BUILDING BYE - LAWS& CODES PRACTICES

NITIN THAKRAL 13025006017B. Arch V Semester

INTRODUCTION TO CODES OF PRACTICE

Introduction to various building codes in professional practice emphasizing the importance of codes and regulations to protect public health, safety and welfare and to ensure compliance with

the local authority.

APPLICATION OF CODES OF PRACTICE• Understanding the applications of various codes as per various

building types.• Conducting a comprehensive code search process and• Representing the above analysis by preparing detailed code

data sheets as applicable in the domain which has been chosen for the research.

“BUILDING CODES ARE A SERIES OF ORDINANCES ENACTED BY A STATE OR LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY, ESTABLISHING MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS THAT MUST BE MET IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND

MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS”.

THE GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHES REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS TO PROTECT PEOPLE FROM UNSAFE

LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS.

✓ Ensure public health and safety throughout a building.

✓ Most have come into play “after-the-fact” as a learning experience from a major tragedy.

✓ They are primarily concerned with✓ Construction requirements✓ Hazardous materials or equipment used in the

building✓ 75% of all codes and standards deal with fire✓ Energy conservation✓ Accessibility

✓ A building code is a document containing standardized requirement for the design & construction of most types of building.

✓ Codes regulate building construction & building use in order to protect the health, safety & welfare of the occupant.

✓ Codes express all aspects of construction including structural integrity, fire resistance, safe exists, lighting, electrical, energy conservation, plumbing, sanitary facilities, ventilation, seismic design & correct use of construction materials.

✓ Building codes classify standard by use & apply different standards to each classification. For example, schools & office buildings are in separate occupancy category with different performance requirement.

✓ The codes includes various aspect for regulation on design& construction viz;✓ For Planning Building/Development work

✓ For Structural Design

✓ For Constructional aspects

✓ For Building Services (HVAC, electrical, Acoustics, lifts etc.)

✓ Plumbing Services (Water supply, Sewerage, Drainage, waste management)

✓ Landscaping, signs and outdoor display structures

✓ The purpose of all these building codes is to ensure public safety, health & welfare as affected by building construction.

✓ This purpose includes:✓ Structural strength

✓ Sanitary equipment

✓ Light & ventilation

✓ Fire safety

NATIONAL BUILDING CODES

Introduction

✓ The National Building Code of India (NBC), (a comprehensive building Code), is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country.

✓ It serves as a Model Code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction works be they Public Works Departments, other government construction departments, local bodies or private construction agencies.

✓ The Code mainly contains administrative regulations, development control rules and general building requirements; fire safety requirements; stipulations regarding materials, structural design and construction (including safety); and building and plumbing services.

✓ The National Building Code was first published in 1970 at the instance of Planning Commission and then revised in 1983.Thereafter three major amendments were issued, two in 1987 and the third in 1997.

These studies resulted

in a recommendation that aNATIONAL BUILDING CODE be prepared building regulations throughout the country.

to unify the

In 1968 A Report on Economies in Construction Cost’ was published by planning commission.It revealed that building bylaws and regulations and some of the prevailing methods of construction were outmoded; some designs were over burdened with safety factors; building bylaws of municipal bodies were outdated etc.

• The Bureau of Indian Standards was established with the objective of harmonious development of standardization activity in India.

• This Bureau, Under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986, established Indian Standards, by a process of consultation involving consumers, manufacturers, Government and regulatory bodies, technologists, scientists and testing laboratories through duly constituted committees.

The first version of the NATIONAL BUILDING CODE was published in 1970. Since the publication in 1970 version of the NATIONAL BUILDING CODE a large number of comments and useful suggestions for modifications and additions to different parts and sections of the code were received.

The revised version of NATIONAL BUILDING CODE of India was therefore, brought out in 1983

Based on the changes effected in the:

• Steel Code,

• Masonry Code

• Loading Codes

• to update Fire Protection Requirements,

THREE VOLUMINOUS AMENDMENTS WERE BROUGHT OUT TO THE 1983 VERSION OF THE CODE,

Two in 1987 and the third in 1997.

In the last about two decades since the publication of the 1983 version of the Code, substantial further experience had been gained in the areas of the• Building planning,• Designing and• Construction.

Intensive efforts involving wide consultative process have resulted in finalization and publication of the

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA – 2005

reflecting the state-of-the-art and contemporary applicable international practices.

The revised

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA –

2005

was formally released on 16th September

2005at New Delhi

IT IS THE THIRD REVISION COMPILED UNDER THE AEGIS OF THE BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (BIS).

IT PROVIDES GUIDELINES FOR REGULATINGBUILDING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

IT HAS THE BASIC CODES FORCONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, SERVICES, SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES.

CONTENTS OF NBC 2005

• PART 0

INTEGRATED APPROACH – PREREQUISITE FOR APPLYING PROVISION OF THE CODE

DEFINITIONS ADMINISTRATIONDEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTSFIRE AND LIFE SAFETY BUILDING MATERIALS STRUCTURAL DESIGNCONSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES AND SAFETY BUILDING SERVICESPLUMBING SERVICESLANDSCAPING, SIGNS AND OUTDOOR DISPLAY STRUCTURES

• PART 1

• PART 2

• PART 3

• PART 4• PART 5• PART 6• PART 7• PART 8• PART 9• PART

10

Part 0: Integrated Approach Prerequisite for Applying Provisions of the Code

This part covers guidelines to be followed for judicious

implementation of the provisions of various

parts/sections of the Code.

PART 1 : DEFINITIONS

It lists the terms appearing in all the parts/sections of

the National Building Code of India. However,

some common definitions are reproduced in this part

also.

PART 2: ADMINISTRATION

It covers the administrative aspects of the Code, such as:

• Applicability of the Code,

• Organization of building department for enforcement ofthe Code,

• Procedure for obtaining development and building permits, and

• Responsibility of the owner and all professionals involved in the planning, design and construction of the building.

PART 3: DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

It covers :

• The development control rules and general building requirements for proper planning and design at the layout and building level to ensure health safety, public safety and desired quality of life.

• Provides provisions for covered area, plinth area, FAR, amenities, land use classification, height/ size of rooms, kitchens etc.

PART 4 : FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY

It covers the requirements for fire prevention, life safety in relation to fire, and fire protection of buildings. The code specifies planning and construction features and fire protection features for all occupancies that are necessary to minimize danger to life and property.

The code categorizes the buildings as follows:Group A Group C Group E Group G Group J

- Residential- Institutional- Business- Industrial- Hazardous

Group B - Group D - Group F - Group H -

Educational Assembly Mercantile Storage

PART 5: BUILDING MATERIALS

It covers the requirements of building materials and components, and criteria for accepting new or alternative building materials and components.

29 Materials/ components which are covered in this part:

1. Aluminum & other light materials & their alloys

2. Bitumen & Tar products3. Builders hardware's4. Building chemicals5. Building lime and products6. Burnt clay products7. Cement & concrete (i/c reinforcement)8. Composite matrix products9. Conductors & cables10. Doors/windows & ventilators11. Electrical wiring & accessories12. Fillers, stoppers & putties13. Floor coverings, roofing's & other finishes14. Glass15. Gypsum based materials

29 Materials/ components which are covered in this part :

16. Lignocellulosic building materials (timber bamboos etc.)

17. Paints & allied products18. Polymers, plastics etc.19. Sanitary appliances & water fittings20. Soil based blocks21. Steel & its alloys22. Stones.23. Structural sections24. Thermal insulation materials25. Threaded fasteners & rivets26. Unit weight of building materials27. Water proofing & damp proofing materials28. Welding electrodes & wires29. Wire ropes & wire products

PART 6 : STRUCTURAL DESIGN

This part through its seven sections provides for:

• structural adequacy of buildings to dealwith internal and external environment, and

both

• provide guidance to engineers/ structural engineers for varied usage of material/ technology types for building design.

Part 6 : Section 1 : Loads, Forces and Effects

It covers basic design loads to be assumed in the design of buildings.The live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, snow loads and other loads, which are specified herein, are minimum working loads which should be taken into consideration for purposes of design.

Part 6 : Section 2 : Soils and Foundations

It covers structural design (principles) of allbuilding foundations such as raft, pile and otherfoundation serviceability

systems to ensuresafety and withoutexceedingthe permissiblestresses of the materials of foundations and

the bearing capacity of the supporting soil.

Part 6 : Section 3A : Timber

It covers the use of structural timber in structures or elements of structures connected together by fasteners/ fastening techniques.

Part 6 : Section 3B : Bamboo

It covers :• The use of bamboo for constructional purposes in

structures or elements of the structure,• Ensuring quality and effectiveness of design

and construction using bamboo.• Minimum strength data, dimensional and grading

requirements,• Seasoning, preservative treatment, design and jointing

techniques with bamboo which would facilitate scientific application and long-term performance of structures.

• Guidelines so as to ensure proper procurement, storage, precautions and design limitations on bamboo.

Part 6 : Section 4 : Masonry

It covers

• thestructural designaspects

of unreinforced loadbearing and non-load bearing walls,

• Constructed using various bricks, stones andblocks permitted in accordance with this section.

• provisions for design of reinforced brick and reinforced brick concrete floors and roofs.

Part 6 : Section 5A :Plain and Reinforced Concrete

It covers the general structural use of plain and reinforced concrete.

Part 6 : Section 5B :Prestressed Concrete

It covers the general structural use of pre-stressed concrete. It covers both work carried out on site and the manufacture of precast pre-stressed concrete units.

Part 6 : Section 6 : Steel

It covers the use of structural steel in general building construction including the use of hot rolled steel sections and steel tubes.

Part 6 : Section 7: Prefabrication and Systems Building

Though desirable for large scale building activities, has yet to take a firm hold in the country.

Includes a few recommendations on the need toavoid ‘progressive collapse’ of the structures.

Part 6 : Section 7A : Prefabricated Concrete:

Part 6 : Section 7B : Systems Building and mixed/ Composite Construction

requirements for mixed/composite construction.

Itcovers

recommendations regardingmodular

planning, component sizes, joints, manufacture,storage, transport anderection

of prefabricated

elements foruse

in buildings and suchrelated

PART 7 : CONSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES AND SAFETY

It covers• The constructional practices in buildings;• storage, stacking and handling of materials and• safety of personnel during construction operations for

all elements of a building and demolition of buildings.

The objective can be best achieved through proper coordination and working by the project management and construction management teams.

PART 8 : BUILDING SERVICES

This part through its five elaborate sections on utilities provides detailed guidance to concerned professionals/ utility engineers for meeting necessary functional requirements in buildings.

Part 8 : Section 1 : Ventilation

Lighting and

It covers requirements and methods for lightingand ventilation of buildings.

PART 8 : Section 2 : Allied Installations

Electrical and

It covers• The essential requirements for electrical installations in

buildings to ensure efficient use of electricity including safety from fire and shock.

• General requirements relating to lightning protection of buildings.

PART 8 : Section 3 : Air conditioning, Heating and Mechanical Ventilation

This section covers

• The design, constructionand

installation of airconditioning and heating systems and

• equipment installed in buildings for the purpose of providing and maintaining conditions of air temperature, humidity, purity and

• Distribution, suitable for the use and occupancy of the space.

PART 8 : Section 4 : Acoustics, Sound Insulation and Noise Control

It covers, requirements and guidelines regarding planning against noise, acceptable noise levels and the requirements for sound insulation in buildings with different occupancies.

PART 8 : Section 5 : Lifts and Escalators

Installation of

It covers the essential requirements for the operation, maintenance and also inspectionof

installation,lifts and(passenger lifts, goods lifts, hospital lifts, service lifts

dumb-waiter lifts) and escalators so as to ensure safe and satisfactory performance.

PART 9 : PLUMBING SERVICES

This part through its two sections gives detailed guidance to concerned professionals/ plumbing engineers with regard to plumbing and other related requirements in buildings.

PART 9 : Section 1 : Water Supply, Drainage and Sanitation (including Solid Waste Management)

It covers

• Thebasic

requirements of water supply for residential,business and other terminal stations.

types of buildings, includingtraffic

• General requirements of plumbingconnected water supply and design of water supply systems.

to public

• Provisions on Rain Water Harvesting havealso included

been

PART 9 : Section 1 : Water Supply, Drainage and Sanitation (including Solid Waste Management)

It also covers

• The design, layout, construction and maintenance of drains for foul water, surface water and subsoil water and sewage;

• Together with all ancillary works, such as connections, manholes and inspection chambers used within the building and from building to the connection to a public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage-disposal system, cess-pool, or to other approved point of disposal/ treatment work.

• It further includes the provisions on solid waste management.

PART 9 : Section 2 : Gas Supply

It covers the requirements regarding the safety of persons and property for all piping uses and for all types of gases used for fuel or lighting purposes in buildings.

PART 10 : Section 1 :Landscape Planning and Design

It covers requirements of landscape planning and design with the view to promoting quality of outdoor built environment and protection of land and its resources.

PART 10 : Section 2 :Signs and Outdoor Display Structures

It covers• The requirements with

and fireregard to public safety

, signs

structuralsafety

safety of all(advertisements) and outdoor display structures including the overall aesthetical aspects of imposition of signs and outdoor display structures in the outdoor built environment.

• Terminologies related to signages andexplanatory figures have been added.

• Inclusion of a complete philosophyand

direction forsuccessfully accomplishing the building projects throughintegrated multidisciplinary approach right from conceptual

stage through planning, designing,construction, and maintenance stages.

• A series of reforms in building permit process.

•

operation

Provision for ensuring safety of buildings against natural disaster& certification of structural sufficiency by engineer & structural engineer.

• Permission of two stage permit for high rise residentialand special buildings.

Salient Features of NBC – 2005

• Provision for periodic renewal certificate of occupied buildings from structural, fire, electrical, health safety point of view

• Provision for empowering engineers/architects for sanctioning plans for residential buildings up to 500 sqm.

• Revision of parking requirements for metro & megacities. (mega cities are metros with population more than 50 lacs)

• Up gradation of special requirements for low income housing for urban areas.

• Inclusion of special requirements for low income housingfor rural habitat planning.

Salient Features of NBC – 2005

• Inclusion of guidelines for developmentplanning areas.

for hilly

• Revisions of the provisions for buildingand

facilitiesforphysically challenged

• Fire safety norms completely revamped throughdetailed provisions on fire prevention, life safety and fire protection

• Inclusion of new categories of starred hotels,heritagestructures provisions

• Substitution system

& archeologicalmonuments for firesafety

of halon based fire extinguishers/firefighting• Promotion to new/innovative building materials/technologies

Salient Features of NBC – 2005

• Inclusion of latest provisions for earthquake resistant design & construction

• Inclusion of details on multi-disaster prone districts• Inclusion of new chapter on design & construction

using bamboos

• Chapter on pre-fabricated & composite constructionfor speedier construction

• Up gradation of provision of safety in construction.• Complete revision of provision on building &

plumbing services in line with applicable international practices.

• Provision on Rain Water Harvesting• Inclusion of new chapter to cover landscaping needs.

Salient Features of NBC – 2005

✓ Codes set the minimum criteria. You can follow stricter requirements at any time.

✓ They are not always perfectly clear. When two requirements are similar, go with the strictest requirement

✓ Not all of them will apply to every design situation.

✓ Work with the code official to resolve discrepancies.

CONCLUSION