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High performance buildings are challenging to design, there is no one size fits all solution. The challenge requires an integrated and collaborative approach to the building design. understanding compliance and rating tools helps to give design guidance on the benchmarks that can be achieved. This discussion was focused on how much impact the façade design has on the building performance and how to apply rating tools to the design process.
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High Performance Buildings
Thank You for the invite
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, American Chemistry Council (ACC) and American Coatings Association (ACA) announced that they and more than 24 other industry associations have united to form the American High-Performance Buildings Coalition (AHPBC). http://www.durabilityanddesign.com/news/?fuseaction=view&id=8064&nl_versionid=2195, 2012
High Performance Buildings
These homes can be completely off the grid (ZERO) combined with Apricus evacuated hot water system, solar PV cells and rainwater tanks.
• 3 Bed
• 80m2 internal
• Argon Filled Double glazing, solar tinted
• >R5.0 Walls, floors and roof
• Single 3.5kW AC unit does entire house – heating and cooling
Building Performance
Heat loads in a space – fabric and internal loads are generated – energy is used to keep spaces within the comfort range
You tell meWhat is it? What is it made of?How do we measure the performance?Why do we want one?Is it just about the façade?
High Performance Building
Some of the Current Tools in the Market Place BCA Section J & BCA energy efficiency provisions ASHRAE 90.1 GreenStar/LEED – Green Rating Tools GreenGlobe Living Building Challenge
Building Energy Modelling
High Performance Building Envelope
International Green Rating Tools
Guide Developed by SKM – ESD team (www.skm.com)
BCA section J – or Energy efficiency provisions Section J Certification:
Section J1 - Fabric review and advise Section J2 - Glazing calculation and advise JV3 – Energy Modelling
ASHRAE 90.1 / LEED Modeling Analysis
Thermal Energy Daylight Glare Access to views
Building Envelope Performance
What is BCA Section J? Who can provide a BCA Section J report? What are the parts of Section J? What is required to achieve compliance?
NOTE: Section J – INCREASED AND CHANGED REQUIREMENTS OVER TIME
Compliance
BCA Section J relates to Energy Efficiency. The objective of Section J is 'to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by efficiently using energy'.
Section J Assessment and Compliance reports are required for all buildings for certification.
It is recommended that a review of the building form, fabric and glazing, to comply with Section J1 & J2 be conducted prior to the Development Application process. This is to avoid any major design alteration post DA.
Section J Assessment is a complex task and requires a thorough understanding of the BCA and building thermal dynamics. Hence this is done by either mechanical engineer or ESD
consultant
Section J - Energy Efficiency
Part J1 – Building Fabric Part J2 – Glazing Part J3 – Building Sealing Part J4 – (Removed)
Part J5 – Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems Part J6 – Artificial lighting and Power Part J7 – Hot Water Supply Part J8 – Access for Maintenance and Facilities for
Monitoring
What does Section J consists?
We will just discuss these 3
There are 10 Class of buildings. Climate Zones – are for thermal Design
Climate Zones determine the fabric, glazing, ventilation requirement of the building
The most populated areas of QLD are Climate zones 1 & 2.
Classification & Climate Zone
Applicable to building elements forming the envelope of all Class 2 to 9 buildings, Calculation of R-Values
Complex process – involves knowledge of behaviour of materials and thermodynamics
Insulation is the “largest” contributor
What about thermal mass?
Part J1 - Fabric
Part J1 – Fabric – Wall Example
A wall requires typical R-value of 2.8
Applicable to all buildings, except:
Sole Occupancy Units of Class 2 or Class 4 parts of a building
Glazing calculator – Excel Spreadsheet
• Aspects, Orientation, U-Value, SHGC, Shading device
Part J2 – Glazing
Process of achieving complianceImprove glazing properties or introduce shading device to achieve complianceIterations required e.g. less glass more wallTo achieve better thermal performance, double glazing is not always the correct solution
i.e. thermal break on window framePitfalls:
Glazing properties have to include window frame e.g. If not selected carefully, performance glass maybe
proposed Calculates “floor by floor” and “orientation by
orientation”, not entire building
Part J2 – Glazing
Part J3 – Building Sealing Generally, this section require the building to be
sealed to restrict air infiltration Roof Light, Windows and doors, ventilation openings
Entrance to building require special treatment Chimneys and flue require a damper or flap to
seal the opening
How does this contribute to a high performance façade?
Part J3 – Building Sealing
Part J3 – Building Sealing
A perforated ceiling in this application may not comply with J3, even if there is insulation applied in compliance with J1.
Ceiling space – included or not in air-conditioned space – ‘buildability’
What is practical?
Comparing the Method of Assessment
A – Architecture B – Building Services C – Compliance
JV3 - Energy Modeling
Run 1: Set energy target - benchmarking DTS Fabric/Glass and DTS Services
Run 2: Determine fabric requirements Proposed Fabric/Glass and DTS
Services
Run 3: Determine services requirements Proposed Fabric/Glass and Proposed
Services
Section J – JV3 Alternative Solution
NABERS, GreenStar, LEED, BREAAM all use similar modelling protocols for benchmarking
RUN 2Proposed Fabric &
DTS Services Can wall insulation be
reduced? Can roof insulation be
increased or reduced? Decision on glass type? Decision on shading
options? Effects on daylighting
and occupants?
Section J – JV3 Alternative Solution
Roof insulation
Wall constructions?
Glass Type?
RUN 3Proposed Fabric &
Proposed Services
Can services be changed?
Section J – JV3 Alternative Solution
Economy cycle required?
Is the efficiency adequate?
Energy models form the IES-VE software
Daylight & Glare Modeling
Energy Modeling – of building massing
Energy Modeling – of building massing
LEED & ASHRAE 90.1
ASHRAE 90.1 is the US compliance requirements for energy efficiency.
Uses all the same principles as Section J
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
Energy consumption in commercial buildings in the
US
LEED & ASHRAE 90.1
This standard provides the minimum requirements for energy-efficient design of most buildings, except low-rise residential buildings. It offers, in detail, the minimum energy-efficient requirements for design and construction of new buildings and their systems, new portions of buildings and their systems, and new systems and equipment in existing buildings, as well as criteria for determining compliance with these requirements. It is an indispensable reference for engineers and other professionals involved in design of buildings and building systems.https://www.ashrae.org/about-ashrae
LEED & ASHRAE 90.1
LEED is flexible enough to apply to all project types.
LEED projects currently certified - 71,835 results
LEED & ASHRAE 90.1
http://www.usgbc.org/leed
LEED & ASHRAE 90.1
http://www.usgbc.org/leed
LEED & ASHRAE 90.1
http://www.usgbc.org/leed
Living Building Challenge
Living Building Challenge
The Living Building Challenge™ is the built environment's most rigorous performance standard. It calls for the creation of building projects at all scales that operate as cleanly, beautifully and efficiently as nature's architecture. To be certified under the Challenge, projects must meet a series of ambitious performance requirements over a minimum of 12 months of continuous occupancy.
Living Building Challenge
The 7 Petals are: SITE
Limits to Growth Urban Agriculture Habitat Exchange Car Free Living
WATER Net Zero Water Ecological water
flow Energy
Net zero energy
Living Building Challenge
HEALTH Civilized Environment Healthy Air Biophilia
MATERIALS Red List Embodied Carbon
Footprint Responsible industry Appropriate Sourcing Conservation +
Reuse
Living Building Challenge
EQUITY Human Scale + Humane Places Democracy + Social Justice Rights to nature
BEAUTY Beauty + Spirit Inspiration + Education
Large project cost is US$25,000
Living Building Challenge
The Method Paradigm Home features a rooftop solar array, rainwater harvesting, a greywater system, a composting toilet, a ductless mini split HVAC unit, and a super insulated envelope. The materials and fixtures that were chosen to finish the building are also very sustainable and show a conscious effort to produce a holistically designed product. The interior design includes renewable bamboo flooring and cabinets, sustainable wooden cladding and decking, LED lighting and home automation systems.
The prefab home, designed by New York The prefab home, designed by New York City-based Bogue Trondowski Architects, is City-based Bogue Trondowski Architects, is targeting LEED Platinum, it’s designed to targeting LEED Platinum, it’s designed to have 6 of the 7 petals of the Living Building have 6 of the 7 petals of the Living Building ChallengeChallenge
Green Building Initiative
Sustainable Building Assessment & Certification The Green Building Initiative (GBI) provides sustainability
assessment and certification services to help you reduce operational costs, qualify for tax incentives, meet federal mandates, or increase the marketability of your buildings.
See more at: http://www.thegbi.org/#sthash.T4JlwXsc.dpuf
GBI offers Green Globes® environmental assessment and certification programs for commercial buildings. These online and on-site programs are flexible, affordable alternatives to LEED.
Green Building Initiative
GBI – Green GlobesGreen Globes Rating Scale
85% - 100%
Demonstrates national leadership and excellence in the practice of
energy, water, and environmental efficiency to reduce environmental
impacts.
70 - 84%
Demonstrates leadership in applying best practices regarding energy,
water, and environmental efficiency.
55 - 69%
Demonstrates excellent progress in the reduction of environmental
impacts and use of environmental efficiency practices.
35 - 54%
Demonstrates a commitment to environmental efficiency practices.
See more at: http://www.thegbi.org/green-globes/#sthash.9WT3orIJ.dpuf
Large project cost is US$25,000 for certification
Registration is based on its Typology:$500 : Renovation$900 : Landscape + Infrastructure and Building$1200 : Neighborhood
Green Star
Green Star rating tools:Green Star - Education v1 Green Star - Healthcare v1 Green Star - Industrial v1 Green Star - Multi Unit Residential v1Green Star - Office v3Green Star - Office Interiors v1.1Green Star - Retail Centre v1Green Star - Office Design v2Green Star - Office As Built v2Green Star - Public Building v1
Green Star PILOT rating tools:Green Star - Interiors Green Star - CommunitiesGreen Star - Performance
Green Star tool under development:Green Star - Design & As Built
Green Star
The Green Star rating tools assess building or community projects against a number of categories. The nine categories included within the various Green Star - Design and Green Star - As Built rating tools are:•Management•Indoor Environment Quality•Energy•Transport•Water
• Materials• Land Use &
Ecology• Emissions• Innovation
Green Star
Point Score Green Star Rating Outcome
45 - 59 4 Star Best Practice60 - 74 5 Star Australian Excellence
75+ 6 Star World Leader
Project Size (Total GFA including car
parking*)
Standard fee (excl GST)
Member discounted fee**
(excl GST)0 - 9,999m2 $20,000 $15,000
10,000 - 29,999m2 $25,000 $20,00030,000m2 + $30,000 $25,000Small project exception†
N/A $8,000
Green Star
Repeatable and consist outcomes, GBCA are looking at a streamlined tool and process to allow faster and more consistent certification of buildings with repeatable elements.
Exercise
Applying the tools to a high performance
building
Lets work through it