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Oversight and guidance:Oversight and guidance:
Association of MetropolitanAssociation of MetropolitanSoil and Water Conservation DistrictsSoil and Water Conservation DistrictsAnoka Anoka –– Carver Carver –– Dakota Dakota –– HennepinHennepinRamsey Ramsey –– Scott Scott –– WashingtonWashington
Additional program funding (through Contribution Agreement):Additional program funding (through Contribution Agreement):
Gregg ThompsonUrban Conservation Specialist [email protected]@metroswcd.org
U.S. Department of AgricultureU.S. Department of AgricultureNatural Resources Conservation ServiceNatural Resources Conservation Service
Association of MetropolitanAssociation of MetropolitanSoil and Water Conservation DistrictsSoil and Water Conservation DistrictsAnoka Anoka –– Carver Carver –– Dakota Dakota –– Hennepin Hennepin -- Ramsey Ramsey –– Scott Scott –– WashingtonWashington
Provide Provide education and technical assistanceeducation and technical assistance to 7to 7--county county metro area government units and residents in:metro area government units and residents in:
-- erosionerosion--control & watercontrol & water--quality buffersquality buffers
-- urban runoff reductionurban runoff reduction
-- backyard conservationbackyard conservation
-- invasive species controlinvasive species control
-- wildlife habitat developmentwildlife habitat development
Gregg ThompsonUrban Conservation Specialist
F. J. MarschnerThe Original Vegetation of Minnesota info
from Public Land Survey: 1847-1907
Oak Barrens & Openings
Roots of Native Prairie Plantscompared to Kentucky Bluegrass (withwith 22--33”” root depthroot depth)
Conservation Research Institute
66--foot Depthfoot Depth
-- Topsoil StrippedTopsoil Stripped
-- Compacted SubCompacted Sub--SoilSoil
In Graded Landscapes…
02468
101214
Sand Clay
CompactedNon-compacted
CompactedNon-compacted
Pitt, et al
SOIL GETS COMPACTED and will not absorb water.SOIL GETS COMPACTED and will not absorb water.
13 13 in/hrin/hr 9.8 9.8
in/hrin/hr
0.2 0.2 in/hrin/hr
1.4 1.4 in/hrin/hr
Barten, Jahnke, 2002
44””
1717””
44””
1717””
-- Topsoil StrippedTopsoil Stripped
-- Compacted SubCompacted Sub--SoilSoil
SOIL COMPACTION METERSOIL COMPACTION METER
Manufacturer: DickeyManufacturer: Dickey--JohnJohn
Cost: $200 (approximate)Cost: $200 (approximate) AMSWCDAMSWCD
Testing for Soil Compaction:Testing for Soil Compaction:
Testing for Soil Compaction:- Use a Soil Probe
- Low-Tech: Use a wire-flag
- How deep can you push it into the ground?
- How much resistance?
- Is the soil hard, rocky, soft, grainy?
Source:
www.dickey-john.com
How to Make Compacted Soils in 30 minutes or less:
1. Drive on it with a heavy, wheeled loader.
2. Increase effectiveness by doing this when its wet
Rock-Hard “Topsoil” Layer on Sandy Subsoils
By Laying Sod onto Rock-Hard Soils….
…. We Put Turf Grass on “Life Support”to Keep It Alive
Where Does Our Water Come From?Where Does Our Water Come From?
376376’’
963963’’
Source: City of Bloomington
(in Bloomington)(in Bloomington)
2006
Average UsageAverage Usage(non(non--growing season)growing season)
Summer UsageSummer Usage(lawn(lawn--irrigation season)irrigation season)
MIL
LIO
NS
OF
GAL
LON
SM
ILLI
ON
S O
F G
ALLO
NS
Record UsageRecord Usage
Source: City of Bloomington
Altered Watershed Effects
SouthtownSouthtown Runoff Potential in a 1Runoff Potential in a 1”” RainRainRooftops: 2,591,690 gallonsRooftops: 2,591,690 gallons
Parking Lots: 5,455,595 gallonsParking Lots: 5,455,595 gallons
Total: 8,047,285 gallons Total: 8,047,285 gallons
the cruel irony.the cruel irony.
Oh, Parking Lot Engineer, Oh, Parking Lot Engineer, Why have you forsaken me?Why have you forsaken me?””
––FraxinusFraxinus pennsylvanicapennsylvanica
ReRe--thinking How We Deal with Rainwater & Use Plantsthinking How We Deal with Rainwater & Use Plants
Stormdrains
Runoff Flows Past Dysfunctional Landscape
Issues:Issues:
--VolumeVolume of of StormwaterStormwater RunoffRunoff
--QualityQuality of of StormwaterStormwater Runoff Runoff (nutrients, pollutants, hot water (nutrients, pollutants, hot water –– thermal loading)thermal loading)
--Groundwater UsageGroundwater Usage for Irrigation on compacted soilsfor Irrigation on compacted soils
Gunk*
* Gunk= sediment, nutrients, bacteria, organic matter, oil, heavy metals, etc.
What Goes What Goes In HereIn Here……..
…… Gets Dumped in Here Gets Dumped in Here
Franklin Pond
* Gunk= sediment, nutrients, bacteria, organic matter, oil, heavy metals, etc.
More Volume Gets Dumped QuicklyMore Volume Gets Dumped Quickly
Creates Stream Creates Stream ““FlashFlash”” & Lake & Lake ““BounceBounce””
-- Accelerating Soil Erosion Accelerating Soil Erosion --(Sedimentation) (Sedimentation)
Franklin Pond
Piped directly to Wetland, Lake or Stream
StreamStream--Channel Deepening Channel Deepening to Accommodate Volumeto Accommodate Volume
““HeadHead--CutCut””
Stream was 6Stream was 6’’wide x 2wide x 2’’ deep deep –– Now is 30Now is 30’’ wide x 15wide x 15’’ deepdeep
StreamStream--Channel Widening Channel Widening (following deepening)(following deepening)
to Accommodate Volumeto Accommodate Volume
Channel Widening Channel Widening to Accommodate Volumeto Accommodate Volume
prepre--19841984map data Source:
U of M
Street
Stormdrain
Every home has a big impact on Every home has a big impact on stormwaterstormwater runoffrunoff
¼ Acre
Residential
Property
ExampleHouse
Driveway
Lawn
Lawn
+ “Green Concrete” Compacted Lawn
8,390 s.f. “impervious” x 1” rain (if infiltrates first ¼” of rain)
= 3,880 gallons of runoff
Street
Stormdrain
1,000 s.f. driveway x 1” rain= 617 gallons of runoff
In a 1” rainfall
Potential Runoff:
5,422 gallonswith 30” yearly precipitation
Potential Runoff:
162,660 gallons/yr
1,500 s.f. house (& patio) x 1” rain= 925 gallons of runoff
¼ Acre
Residential
Property
Example
Cumulative Effect:
(27) (27) ¼¼--acre Lotsacre Lots
= = 146,394 gallons146,394 gallons(1(1”” rain)rain)
Where can the rain soak in?
StormwaterStormwater Runoff In Our Neighborhoods:Runoff In Our Neighborhoods:
Map of neighborhood Map of neighborhood stormstorm--sewer system sewer system that dumps into creek.that dumps into creek.
Pollutants / Sediments Accumulate Pollutants / Sediments Accumulate between Rains / Meltsbetween Rains / Melts
Pollutants / Sediments Accumulate Pollutants / Sediments Accumulate between Rains / Meltsbetween Rains / Melts
Gunk*
* Gunk= sediment, nutrients, bacteria, organic matter, oil, heavy metals, etc.
What Goes What Goes In HereIn Here……..
…… Gets Dumped in Here Gets Dumped in Here
Franklin Pond
* Gunk= sediment, nutrients, bacteria, organic matter, oil, heavy metals, etc.
Causing ThisCausing This……....
Como Lake
* Gunk= sediment, nutrients, bacteria, organic matter, oil, heavy metals, etc.
One pound of phosphorus = 500 pounds of algae
One pound of phosphorus = 500 pounds of algae
MnDNR
Grass Clippings & Fertilizers can contain high levels of Phosphorus
Grass Clippings & Fertilizers can contain high levels of Phosphorus
Why does a few clippings in the curb matter?
One pound of phosphorus = 500 pounds of algae
One pound of phosphorus = 500 pounds of algae
MnDNR
Decreasing Runoff VolumeDecreasing Runoff Volume –– SmallSmall--Scale ControlsScale Controls
LowLow--Impact Development Impact Development -- Decreasing Amount of Runoff (Volume) - Treating Runoff at the Source (Quality)
• Bioretention / Rain Gardens• Strategic Grading • Site Finger Printing• Conservation • Flatter Wider Swales • Amended Soils• Long Flow Paths• Tree / Shrub Depression• Turf Depression• Landscape Island Storage• Rooftop Detention /Retention • Disconnection*• Parking Lot / Street Storage • Smaller Culverts, Pipes & Inlets
• Alternative Surfaces• Reduce Impervious Surface• Surface Roughness Technology • Rain Barrels / Cisterns / Water Use• Catch Basins / Seepage Pits• Sidewalk Storage• Vegetative Swales, Buffers & Strips• Infiltration Swales & Trenches• Eliminate Curb and Gutter• Shoulder Vegetation • Maximize Sheet flow • Maintain Drainage Patterns• Reforestation• Pollution Prevention
Stormdrains
Runoff Flows Past Dysfunctional Landscape
Issues:Issues:
--VolumeVolume of of StormwaterStormwater RunoffRunoff
--QualityQuality of of StormwaterStormwater Runoff Runoff (nutrients, pollutants, hot water (nutrients, pollutants, hot water –– thermal loading)thermal loading)
--Groundwater UsageGroundwater Usage for Irrigation on compacted soilsfor Irrigation on compacted soils
What is my function?What is my function?
StormwaterStormwater Runoff GardenRunoff Garden
““BioretentionBioretention””
Maryland
Parking Lot Parking Lot Rain GardenRain Garden
RaingardensRaingardens(Reduce Runoff through Stormwater Infiltration)(Reduce Runoff through Stormwater Infiltration)
- Shallow (4” to 12”max. deep) Depressions- Surface should be dry in 48 hours (or less)
- Soil amendments sometimes needed (compost and/or sand)
- Planted with deep-rooting Plants (natives work well)
- Design as a Landscape Feature (“natural”, formal, or in-between)
- Design to Integrate into Landscaping - Select plants to attract Wildlife (for multiple benefits)
Concept - Gregg Thompson, Illustration - Taina Litwak, Animation - Ron Struss
RaingardensRaingardens(Capturing Rainwater / (Capturing Rainwater / StormwaterStormwater ))
Just like a regular landscape planting, but able to absorb rainwater
What is my function?What is my function?
Microsoft Office Microsoft Office (Formerly Great Plains Software)(Formerly Great Plains Software)
Fargo, NDFargo, ND
Parking Lot Runoff Islands Parking Lot Runoff Islands (After Spring Mowing)(After Spring Mowing)
on on ‘‘Red River ClayRed River Clay’’ soilssoils
Microsoft Office Microsoft Office (Formerly Great Plains Software)(Formerly Great Plains Software)
Fargo, NDFargo, ND
Parking Lot Runoff Rain Garden Parking Lot Runoff Rain Garden AbsorbtionAbsorbtion / Infiltration / / Infiltration / EvapoEvapo--transpirationtranspiration
Microsoft Office Microsoft Office (Formerly Great Plains Software)(Formerly Great Plains Software)
Fargo, NDFargo, ND
Infiltration Basins across SiteCommercial Development Requirement
Rice Creek Watershed DistrictSuper Target Super Target LinoLino Lakes, MNLakes, MN
Runoff Reduction PracticesRunoff Reduction PracticesCommercial Development Commercial Development RequirementRequirements s Rice Creek Watershed DistrictRice Creek Watershed District
KohlsKohls Super TargetSuper Target
II--35W35WSuper Target Super Target LinoLino Lakes, MNLakes, MN
Vegetated Filter SwalesVegetated Filter SwalesBioretention CellsBioretention Cells
Super Target Super Target LinoLino Lakes, MNLakes, MN
Minnetonka City Hall Minnetonka City Hall RaingardensRaingardensAbsorbs Parking Lot RunoffAbsorbs Parking Lot Runoff
Designed by: Barr Engineering Designed by: Barr Engineering ((LuetholdLuethold, PE / , PE / RozumalskiRozumalski, RLA), RLA)
Minnetonka City Hall Minnetonka City Hall RaingardensRaingardensAbsorbs Parking Lot RunoffAbsorbs Parking Lot Runoff
Designed by: Barr Engineering Designed by: Barr Engineering ((LuetholdLuethold, PE / , PE / RozumalskiRozumalski, RLA), RLA)
Minnetonka City Hall Minnetonka City Hall RaingardensRaingardensAbsorbs Parking Lot RunoffAbsorbs Parking Lot Runoff
Designed by: Barr Engineering Designed by: Barr Engineering ((LuetholdLuethold, PE / , PE / RozumalskiRozumalski, RLA), RLA)
Burnsville Burnsville RaingardensRaingardensDesigned by: Barr EngineeringDesigned by: Barr EngineeringPhoto by Mike Photo by Mike IsenseeIsensee , Dakota SWCD, Dakota SWCD
StrategicallyStrategically--placedplaced
RaingardensRaingardensType: StreetType: Street--SideSide
Rushmore Drive Runoff Reduction Retrofit ProjectRushmore Drive Runoff Reduction Retrofit ProjectCity of Burnsville City of Burnsville
Planning / Design by: Barr EngineeringPlanning / Design by: Barr Engineering
Raingardens for Neighborhood Runoff:
-- 5.3 acres5.3 acres
-- 25 homes25 homes
-- 17 raingardens17 raingardensBurnsville RaingardensDesigned by: Barr Engineering
Burnsville Raingardens Burnsville Raingardens Designed by: Barr EngineeringDesigned by: Barr Engineering
BEFOREBEFORE
Burnsville Raingardens Burnsville Raingardens Designed by: Barr EngineeringDesigned by: Barr Engineering
Burnsville Raingardens Burnsville Raingardens Designed by: Barr EngineeringDesigned by: Barr Engineering
Burnsville Raingardens Burnsville Raingardens Designed by: Barr EngineeringDesigned by: Barr Engineering
EXCAVATING, EXCAVATING, SOIL PREP & SOIL PREP &
GRADINGGRADING
Burnsville Raingardens Burnsville Raingardens Designed by: Barr EngineeringDesigned by: Barr Engineering
PLANTING PLANTING (By Homeowners)(By Homeowners)
Curb Cuts (for Inlet/Outlet)
Burnsville Raingardens Burnsville Raingardens Designed by: Barr EngineeringDesigned by: Barr Engineering
BEFOREBEFORE
Burnsville Raingardens Burnsville Raingardens Designed by: Barr EngineeringDesigned by: Barr EngineeringPhoto by Mike Photo by Mike IsenseeIsensee , Dakota SWCD, Dakota SWCD
2 Years Later2 Years Later
City of Burnsville City of Burnsville RaingardensRaingardens (1 of 17)(1 of 17)Rushmore DriveRushmore Drive
Designed by: Barr EngineeringDesigned by: Barr Engineering
Rushmore Drive Runoff Reduction Retrofit ProjectRushmore Drive Runoff Reduction Retrofit ProjectCity of Burnsville City of Burnsville
Planning / Design by: Barr EngineeringPlanning / Design by: Barr Engineering
5.3 acres 5.3 acres –– 25 homes 25 homes –– 17 17 raingardensraingardens
Source: City of Burnsville/Barr Engineering
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
0.0000.0250.0500.075
6PM8 Tue Jun 2004
9PM 9 Wed 3AM 6AM 9AM 12PM
Post-Construction Runoff - June 8, 2004
cfs
in
6/8/2004 4:00:00 PM - 6/9/2004 12:00:00 PM
Control - Volume (14371.5 cf) Study - Volume (1164.3 cf) Rainfall (1.44 in)
Post-Construction Runoff1.44 inches in 9 hours
Source:City of BurnsvilleBarr Engineering
Before and After
Burnsville Raingardens Burnsville Raingardens Designed by: Barr EngineeringDesigned by: Barr Engineering
Before and After
Burnsville Raingardens Burnsville Raingardens Designed by: Barr EngineeringDesigned by: Barr Engineering
Burnsville Burnsville RaingardensRaingardensby Barr Engineeringby Barr Engineering
(Fred (Fred RozumalkskiRozumalkski, RLA), RLA)
Winter Infiltration of Winter Infiltration of Burnsville Burnsville RaingardensRaingardens
City of MaplewoodPublic Works – Street Reconstruction Project
Engineering: Engineering: BonestrooBonestroo
Raingardenw/ Native Sunny Perennials
Raingardenw/ Shade Garden Perennials
City of MaplewoodPublic Works – Street Reconstruction Project
Engineering: Engineering: BonestrooBonestroo
City of MaplewoodPublic Works – Street Reconstruction Project
Prior Lake Raingardens Prior Lake Raingardens Brooks Circle Street ReconstructionBrooks Circle Street Reconstruction
5239 Brooks Circle SE5239 Brooks Circle SE
5293 Brooks Circle SE5293 Brooks Circle SE
5379 Brooks Circle SE5379 Brooks Circle SE
5405 Brooks Circle SE5405 Brooks Circle SE
5495 Brooks Circle SE5495 Brooks Circle SE
16425 Itasca Ave SE16425 Itasca Ave SE
16447 Itasca Ave SE16447 Itasca Ave SE
16448 Itasca Ave SE16448 Itasca Ave SE
Prior Lake Raingardens Prior Lake Raingardens Brooks Circle Street ReconstructionBrooks Circle Street Reconstruction
City of Prior LakePrior Lake Raingardens Prior Lake Raingardens
Brooks Circle Street ReconstructionBrooks Circle Street Reconstruction
AMSWCDPrior Lake Raingardens Prior Lake Raingardens
Brooks Circle Street ReconstructionBrooks Circle Street Reconstruction
AMSWCDPrior Lake Raingardens Prior Lake Raingardens
Brooks Circle Street ReconstructionBrooks Circle Street Reconstruction
Prior Lake Raingardens Prior Lake Raingardens Brooks Circle Street ReconstructionBrooks Circle Street Reconstruction
Green Street Project Green Street Project RaingardensRaingardensPortland, OregonPortland, Oregon
Design by: Kevin Robert Perry, ASLADesign by: Kevin Robert Perry, ASLA
Green Street Project Green Street Project RaingardensRaingardensPortland, OregonPortland, Oregon
Design by: Kevin Robert Perry, ASLADesign by: Kevin Robert Perry, ASLA
Green Street Project Green Street Project RaingardensRaingardensPortland, OregonPortland, Oregon
Design by: Kevin Robert Perry, ASLADesign by: Kevin Robert Perry, ASLA
Green Street Project Green Street Project RaingardensRaingardensPortland, OregonPortland, Oregon
Design by: Kevin Robert Perry, ASLADesign by: Kevin Robert Perry, ASLA
City of SeattlePublic Works – Street Reconstruction Project
Seattle
University of MinnesotaSt. Paul Campus – Watershed District Project
Designed by: Barr Engineering / Fred Rozumalski
University of MinnesotaSt. Paul Campus – Watershed District Project
Designed by: Barr Engineering / Fred Rozumalski
GroGro--Low Low SumacSumac
Black Black ChokeberryChokeberryOrnamental Ornamental
GrassGrass
9371 9371 Ditch Retrofit Project Ditch Retrofit Project
Chanhassen, MNChanhassen, MN
Soil Replacement Soil Replacement AreaArea
OverOver--Excavation Excavation AreaArea
9371 9371 Ditch Retrofit Project Ditch Retrofit Project
Chanhassen, MNChanhassen, MN
Soil Replacement Soil Replacement (Sand & Compost Mix)(Sand & Compost Mix)
Check DamCheck Dam
9371 9371 Ditch Retrofit Project Ditch Retrofit Project
Chanhassen, MNChanhassen, MN
Shredded Wood Shredded Wood MulchMulch
To be planted in Spring 2008, To be planted in Spring 2008, by residentsby residents
9371 9371 Ditch Retrofit Project Ditch Retrofit Project
Chanhassen, MNChanhassen, MN
9371 9371 Ditch Retrofit Project Ditch Retrofit Project
Chanhassen, MNChanhassen, MN
Planting Day (with neighborhood residents): Planting Day (with neighborhood residents): April 28, 2008April 28, 2008
9371 9371 Ditch Retrofit Project Ditch Retrofit Project
Chanhassen, MNChanhassen, MN
Three Months After Planting: Three Months After Planting: July 2008July 2008
Utility Locates
U More Park 2008
Dakota SWCD
Ag HallAg Hall
Large Parking LotLarge Parking LotInlet Inlet (Concrete Swale)(Concrete Swale)
StormdrainStormdrain
Depression / Mowed Lawn Depression / Mowed Lawn (Purpose?)(Purpose?)
Ag HallAg Hall
Large Parking LotLarge Parking Lot
Inlet Inlet (Concrete Swale)(Concrete Swale)
Riser on Riser on StormdrainStormdrain
Bioretention BasinBioretention Basin
300 gallons in 1” rainfall
Flows across lawn to street’s storm-drain
Plymouth
bermraingarden
Overflow (across lawn)
Inlet (swale)
Digging the Digging the RaingardenRaingardenOver-Dig & Amend Soil (if needed) Plymouth
Leaf Compost (well-aged)
LEAF COMPOST LEAF COMPOST (Well(Well--Aged)Aged)
Reintroduces / Adds Organic Matter to SoilReintroduces / Adds Organic Matter to Soil –– Improves SoilImproves Soil StructureStructure(Decreases Bulk Density, Increases Water Holding Capacity, Incre(Decreases Bulk Density, Increases Water Holding Capacity, Increases Infiltration)ases Infiltration)
SourcesSources::
--Recycling CentersRecycling Centers
--Garden Centers / Landscape ContractorsGarden Centers / Landscape Contractors
AMSWCDAMSWCD
Add Add Organic Matter Organic Matter
to Soilsto Soils
Berm (w/ erosion-control blanket)Depression
(w/ compost)
PlymouthHold the Hold the BermBerm in Placein PlaceUse Erosion-Control Blanket (if needed)
PlymouthPlanting the RaingardenChoose the Right Plant for the Right PlaceChoose the Right Plant for the Right Place
Plant Plant ConsiderationsConsiderations::
--SoilsSoils
--MoistureMoisture
--SunlightSunlight
Year 2Plymouth
Blue Flag IrisBlue Flag Iris
PussytoesPussytoes
MaterialsMaterials::
--0.5 cy Compost 0.5 cy Compost
--0.5 cy Mulch0.5 cy Mulch
--18 Blue Flag Iris 18 Blue Flag Iris (3(3”” pots)pots)
--48 48 PussytoesPussytoes (Plugs)(Plugs)
www.www.BlueThumbBlueThumb.org.org
The Blue Thumb The Blue Thumb Guide to Guide to RaingardensRaingardensis available at...is available at...
Amazon.comAmazon.com (online) (online) BachmanBachman’’ss (in store) (in store) Landscape AlternativesLandscape Alternatives (in store) (in store) Minnesota State Horticultural SocietyMinnesota State Horticultural Society(in store) (in store) Minnesota Landscape ArboretumMinnesota Landscape Arboretum(in store) (in store) Mother Earth GardenMother Earth Garden’’ss (in store) (in store) Prairie RestorationsPrairie Restorations (in store) (in store) Terrace Horticultural BooksTerrace Horticultural Books(online and in store) (online and in store)
Organizations interested in Organizations interested in wholesale or large volume orders:wholesale or large volume orders:WaterdropWaterdrop Innovations LLCInnovations LLC at at [email protected]@yahoo.com..
Wisconsin DNR & UWEX - Raingarden ‘How-To’ Manual
Wisconsin DNR & UWEX - Raingarden ‘How-To’ Manual
Plant Supplier / Consultant: Plant Supplier / Consultant: Natural Shore TechnologiesNatural Shore Technologies
Street
Stormdrain
325 s.f.= 200 gal
325 s.f. = 200 gal
455 s.f. = 282 gal 140 s.f.
= 86 gal220 s.f. = 136 gal
1,000 s.f. = 618 gal
Raingarden Size Raingarden Size Needed =Needed =
88--15% Size of 15% Size of Drainage AreaDrainage Area
Size ultimately Size ultimately dependent on dependent on soil types & soil types & compaction compaction
presentpresent
POTENTIALRAINGARDEN LOCATIONS
Measure Drainage Areas
WaterWater--Smart LandscapingSmart Landscaping•• Reduce Soil CompactionReduce Soil Compaction (aerate / add organic matter / mulching)(aerate / add organic matter / mulching)•• 33”” Mow HeightMow Height (promotes deeper root growth, reduces moisture loss)(promotes deeper root growth, reduces moisture loss)
•• Turf grass SelectionTurf grass Selection (Drought(Drought--tolerant / deeptolerant / deep--rooted selections)rooted selections)
•• SmarterSmarter--WateringWatering–– Utilize lowUtilize low--volume dripvolume drip--irrigation / targeted / rainirrigation / targeted / rain--sensors, etc.sensors, etc.
•• RainwaterRainwater HarvestingHarvesting–– Rainbarrels / Cisterns & Pumps Rainbarrels / Cisterns & Pumps (to re(to re--use rainwater)use rainwater)
•• Low WaterLow Water--UseUse LandscapesLandscapes–– Utilize DeepUtilize Deep--Rooted PlantsRooted Plants–– Selecting Selecting ‘‘Right Plant for the Right PlaceRight Plant for the Right Place’’
•• RainwaterRainwater--AbsorbingAbsorbing LandscapesLandscapes–– Permeable Hardscapes (patios, driveways, etc.)Permeable Hardscapes (patios, driveways, etc.)–– StrategicallyStrategically--placed tree, shrub and perennial planting areasplaced tree, shrub and perennial planting areas–– VegetatedVegetated--Filter Swales Filter Swales (when moving water)(when moving water)–– RaingardensRaingardens (to really soak it in)(to really soak it in)
Decreasing Runoff VolumeDecreasing Runoff Volume –– SmallSmall--Scale ControlsScale Controls
LowLow--Impact Development Impact Development -- Decreasing Amount of Runoff (Volume) - Treating Runoff at the Source (Quality)
• Bioretention / Rain Gardens• Strategic Grading • Site Finger Printing• Conservation • Flatter Wider Swales • Amended Soils• Long Flow Paths• Tree / Shrub Depression• Turf Depression• Landscape Island Storage• Rooftop Detention /Retention • Disconnection*• Parking Lot / Street Storage • Smaller Culverts, Pipes & Inlets
• Alternative Surfaces• Reduce Impervious Surface• Surface Roughness Technology • Rain Barrels / Cisterns / Water Use• Catch Basins / Seepage Pits• Sidewalk Storage• Vegetative Swales, Buffers & Strips• Infiltration Swales & Trenches• Eliminate Curb and Gutter• Shoulder Vegetation • Maximize Sheet flow • Maintain Drainage Patterns• Reforestation• Pollution Prevention
SOIL COMPACTION METERSOIL COMPACTION METER
Manufacturer: DickeyManufacturer: Dickey--JohnJohn
Cost: $200 (approximate)Cost: $200 (approximate)
Testing for Soil Compaction:- Low-Tech: Use a wire-flag
- How deep can you push it into the ground?
- Is it hard, rocky, soft, grainy?
AMSWCDAMSWCD
Leaf Compost (well-aged)
LEAF COMPOST LEAF COMPOST (Well(Well--Aged)Aged)
Reintroduces / Adds Organic Matter to SoilReintroduces / Adds Organic Matter to Soil –– Improves SoilImproves Soil StructureStructure(Decreases Bulk Density, Increases Water Holding Capacity, Incre(Decreases Bulk Density, Increases Water Holding Capacity, Increases Infiltration)ases Infiltration)
SourcesSources::
--Recycling CentersRecycling Centers
--Garden Centers / Landscape ContractorsGarden Centers / Landscape Contractors
AMSWCDAMSWCD
Add Add Organic Matter Organic Matter
to Soilsto Soils
Johnsonville, IowaJohnsonville, Iowa
Iowa NRCS (photo source)Iowa NRCS (photo source)
Add Organic Matter to Soils Add Organic Matter to Soils (Blower Service)(Blower Service)
Twin Cities Specialty Companies:Twin Cities Specialty Companies:
--Valley Creek Express Blower ServiceValley Creek Express Blower Service
--WindscapesWindscapes
Core-Plug Lawn AeratorAvailable through:
- Lawn Service
- Equipment Rental (DIY)
Optional: “Topdress” with compost
Best Time to Aerate:
1) Sept 1 – 30
2) May 1 – June 15
Reduce Soil Compaction for Healthier Lawns
Important: Locate / Important: Locate / Flag any shallow Flag any shallow buried wires or buried wires or irrigation headsirrigation heads
Core-Plug Lawn Aerator
First Products Aero-vator
Reduce Soil Compaction for Healthier Lawns
Sub-Soil Ripper on “open sites”
Boxer Aero-vator
www.Bobcat.com
Bucket RipperBucket Ripper
www.attachmentsintl.comwww.attachmentsintl.com
www.vailproducts.comwww.vailproducts.com
Frost Frost RipperRipper
““FROST RIPPERSFROST RIPPERS””Leading Edge AttachmentsLeading Edge Attachments
www.leadingedgeattachments.comwww.leadingedgeattachments.com
www.larsonripper.comwww.larsonripper.comBucket RipperBucket Ripper
““FROST RIPPERSFROST RIPPERS””Leading Edge AttachmentsLeading Edge Attachments
www.leadingedgeattachments.comwww.leadingedgeattachments.com
Drawing: Doug Adamson RDG Planning & Design
Source: NRCS-Iowa
When Conveying Runoff:
USACE Chicago District
--ShortShort--mown Lawn Grass mown Lawn Grass will notwill not substantially slow sedimentsubstantially slow sediment--laden laden stormwaterstormwater runoff. runoff.
--Friction is needed to slow water and dropFriction is needed to slow water and drop--out sediments (and attached nutrients). out sediments (and attached nutrients).
--Friction can be achieved with stiffFriction can be achieved with stiff--stemmed vegetation.stemmed vegetation.
ShortShort--mown mown LawnLawn--Grass Grass
in Swalein Swale
USACE Chicago District
--ShortShort--mown Lawn Grass will not substantially slow sedimentmown Lawn Grass will not substantially slow sediment--laden laden stormwaterstormwater runoff. runoff.
--Friction is needed to slow water and dropFriction is needed to slow water and drop--out sediments (and attached nutrients). out sediments (and attached nutrients).
--Friction can be achieved with stiffFriction can be achieved with stiff--stemmed vegetation.stemmed vegetation.
--These plantings can also provide wildlife habitat.These plantings can also provide wildlife habitat.
Vegetated Vegetated SwaleSwale
USACE Chicago District
BioBio--Swale Swale for for stormwaterstormwater conveyance conveyance
with infiltrationwith infiltration
BioBio--Swale Swale for for stormwaterstormwater conveyance conveyance
with infiltrationwith infiltration
USACE Chicago District
Summer 2006
Swale of Swale of Sweet GrassSweet Grass(for (for stormwaterstormwater conveyance)conveyance)
NoNo--Mow Mow Lawn MixLawn MixNative Native
Trees & ShrubsTrees & Shrubs
Prairie Prairie PluggingPlugging Prairie Prairie
SeedingSeeding
Centex Homes Development
Vegetated Bio-Swale Facility
Burnsville, MN
Dakota SWCD
Jay Riggs
Dakota SWCD
Jay Riggs
Centex Homes Development
Vegetated Bio-Swale Facility
Burnsville, MN
Pearlmont Heights Development
Vegetated Bio-Swale Facility
Eagan, MN
Have a wet area often too soggy to mow?Have a wet area often too soggy to mow?
PLANT ITPLANT ITPick the Pick the ‘‘Right Plants for the Right PlaceRight Plants for the Right Place’’
Good Location for MultiGood Location for Multi--Function LandscapingFunction Landscaping
Where Can You Intercept Where Can You Intercept & Utilize Rain?& Utilize Rain?
““If you never walk on itIf you never walk on it……. . then why are you mowing it?then why are you mowing it?””
Grandpa ThompsonGrandpa Thompson
No Mow Lawn Mix (blend of fine fescues)
Prairie Nurserywww.prairienursery.com
Great for Sand or ClayGreat for Sand or Clay
No Mow Lawn Mix (blend of fine fescues)
Native Turfgrass DemonstrationMcCrory Gardens – SDSU / Brookings
AMSWCDAMSWCD
Consider Native Grasses for the Lawn
Prairie Restorations, Inc.Prairie Restorations, Inc.
DroughtDrought--Tolerant LawnTolerant LawnBlue Blue GramaGrama
Consider Native Grasses for the Lawn
Planted 20 years ago on heavy clay soils (now has infiltration rPlanted 20 years ago on heavy clay soils (now has infiltration rates like sand)ates like sand)
Chanhassen ResidenceChanhassen ResidenceBy: Prairie RestorationsBy: Prairie Restorations
ShortShort--grass grass PrairiePrairie
TallTall--grass Prairiegrass Prairie
MultiMulti--Function Landscapes Function Landscapes Screening, Habitat Value, Runoff Reduction, Water ConservationScreening, Habitat Value, Runoff Reduction, Water Conservation
Chanhassen ResidenceChanhassen ResidenceBy: Prairie RestorationsBy: Prairie Restorations
AMSWCDAMSWCDMultiMulti--Function Landscapes Function Landscapes
Screening, Habitat Value, Runoff Reduction, Water ConservationScreening, Habitat Value, Runoff Reduction, Water Conservation
Chanhassen ResidenceChanhassen ResidenceBy: Prairie RestorationsBy: Prairie Restorations
AMSWCDAMSWCDMultiMulti--Function Landscapes Function Landscapes
Screening, Habitat Value, Runoff Reduction, Water ConservationScreening, Habitat Value, Runoff Reduction, Water Conservation
Designed and Installed by: Energyscapes
Low WaterLow Water--Use Landscapes Use Landscapes Water Conservation, Runoff Reduction, Habitat Value Water Conservation, Runoff Reduction, Habitat Value
Harvest Rainwater with Harvest Rainwater with Harvest Rainwater with RainbarrelsRainbarrelsRainbarrels
Mosquito Mosquito –– Proof InletsProof Inlets
55 gallons each55 gallons each
Anoka Conservation DistrictAnoka Conservation District
OverflowOverflow
OutletOutlet
AMSWCDAMSWCD
Inlet Inlet (Atrium Grate)(Atrium Grate)
Inlet FilterInlet Filter
Build Your Own Build Your Own RainbarrelRainbarrel
Harvest Rainwater with Harvest Rainwater with Harvest Rainwater with RainbarrelsRainbarrelsRainbarrels
Street
Stormdrain
325 s.f.
= 200 gallons325 s.f.
= 200 gal
455 s.f.
= 282 gal140 s.f.
= 86 gal220 s.f.
= 136 gal
Where to Put a Where to Put a RainbarrelRainbarrel??Your Smallest Area of Roof
1” Rain Runoff Volumes
(by roof area)
Rainbarrels typically only hold 50 gallons. They will quickly fill in
a rainstorm.
- Is overflow sized large enough to pass through this additional
water?
–When they fill up, where will they
overflow to?Note: 1 cubic foot = 7.4 gallons
Capture Rainwater with
Cisterns
3P Technik Australia www. 3ptechnik.com.au
Capture Rainwater with
Cisterns
AboveAbove--groundground
BuriedBuried
500 500 –– 1,500 gallon Tanks w/ Filters & Pump1,500 gallon Tanks w/ Filters & Pump
Can ReCan Re--use as Lawn Irrigationuse as Lawn Irrigation
Chipotle
Wal-Mart
Water Harvesting with
Cisterns
Source: Target Corporation
CisternCistern30,000 gallon 30,000 gallon
storagestorage
Drawing: Doug Adamson RDG Planning & Design
Source: NRCS-Iowa
Permeable Pavers Permeable Pavers ‘‘Turf BlockTurf Block’’
Detroit Lakes, MN
AMSWCDAMSWCDPermeable SurfacesPermeable Surfaces
Permeable Pavers Permeable Pavers ‘‘Turf BlockTurf Block’’
Detroit Lakes, MN
AMSWCDAMSWCDPermeable SurfacesPermeable Surfaces
PermeablePermeable--joint Pavers joint Pavers ‘‘EcoEco--StoneStone’’ ((BorgertBorgert))
AMSWCDAMSWCD
Dakota County
PermeablePermeable--joint Pavers joint Pavers ‘‘EcoEco--StoneStone’’ ((BorgertBorgert))
PermeablePermeable--joint Pavers joint Pavers ‘‘EcoEco--StoneStone’’
Schmeltz Volkswagen Hwy 36 & White Bear Ave
Maplewood
Ramsey-Washington Metro Watershed District Project
Permeable AsphaltPermeable Asphalt
Ramsey-Wash. Metro W.D.
Little Canada, Mn
Permeable AsphaltPermeable Asphalt
Green RoofGreen Roof
Ramsey-Wash. Metro W.D.
Little Canada, Mn
Permeable ConcretePermeable ConcretePowers Lake Park (2005)
Woodbury, Mn
Permeable ConcretePermeable ConcretePowers Lake Park (2005)
Woodbury, Mn
RESOURCES
http://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/stormwater/stormwater-manual.html
http://efotg.nrcs.usda.gov/treemenuFS.aspx
www.ndwrcdp.orgwww.ndwrcdp.org/publications//publications/
Lessons Learned:Lessons Learned:--Cell Sizing (depth, watershed ratio)Cell Sizing (depth, watershed ratio)
--OffOff--Line Design (preferable to onLine Design (preferable to on--line)line)
--Inlet Design (5Inlet Design (5’’ wide, 12% wide, 12% backslopebackslope, turf filter), turf filter)
--UnderUnder--drain (with valve or removable cap)drain (with valve or removable cap)
--Soil Mixture (Sand & Compost Soil Mixture (Sand & Compost –– no topsoil)no topsoil)
--Installation (avoiding compaction & sediment)Installation (avoiding compaction & sediment)
--Vegetation Selection (deepVegetation Selection (deep--rooted plants)rooted plants)
--Maintenance Issues (removing sediment & weeding)Maintenance Issues (removing sediment & weeding)
www.ndwrcdp.orgwww.ndwrcdp.org/publications//publications/
Download at: http://dnr.wi.gov/runoff/stormwater/technote.htm
http://www.pca.state.mn.us/publications/manuals/stormwaterplants.html http://www.greatrivergreening.org/
Subscribe at:Subscribe at: http://www.stormh2o.com/http://www.stormh2o.com/ Subscribe at:Subscribe at: http://http://www.erosioncontrol.comwww.erosioncontrol.com
http://www.cwp.org/
What if ?What if ?
Oversight and guidance:Oversight and guidance:
Association of MetropolitanAssociation of MetropolitanSoil and Water Conservation DistrictsSoil and Water Conservation DistrictsAnoka Anoka –– Carver Carver –– Dakota Dakota –– HennepinHennepinRamsey Ramsey –– Scott Scott –– WashingtonWashington
Additional program funding (through Contribution Agreement):Additional program funding (through Contribution Agreement):
Gregg ThompsonUrban Conservation Specialist [email protected]@metroswcd.org
U.S. Department of AgricultureU.S. Department of AgricultureNatural Resources Conservation ServiceNatural Resources Conservation Service