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08/04/23
1
Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
GUI Design for the Geobashing Game
Marco Vernier - Ingrid Visentini
08/04/23
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Outline
Goals Evolutionary process Evaluation of the prototypes Results Conclusions
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Goals
Create a GUI for Geobashing game Guidelines platform-driven Software Engineering scheme Tests
Usabilty tests
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Evolutionary model
Before: state of the art (patterns, guidelines,…)
Requirement Analysis Design Prototyping Evaluation
REQUIREMENTSANALYSIS
EVALUATION DESIGN
PROTOTYPING
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Evolutionary model
State of the art Requirement Analysis Design Prototyping Evaluation
REQUIREMENTSANALYSIS
EVALUATION DESIGN
PROTOTYPING
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
State of the art
Rules to guide design and implementation of interfaces for mobile/handheld devices Shneiderman’s ‘Golden Rules of Interface
Design’“Design is not just what
it looks like and feels like.
Design is how it works” Steve Jobs
“A good design is as little design as possible”
D. Rams
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Types of guidelines
General purpose guidelines Intuitiveness and simplicity Presesence of shortcuts Feedback, notifications Consistency Reversal of action Short-term memory load … and many others
Platform-driven Interface Guidelines Android, Symbian, Iphone etc.
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Evolutionary model
State of the art Requirement Analysis Design Prototyping Evaluation
REQUIREMENTSANALYSIS
EVALUATION DESIGN
PROTOTYPING
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Requirements
Game structure Challenges Fights Components of the game
Added functionalities Home link Status Map …
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Evolutionary model
State of the art Requirement Analysis Design Prototyping Evaluation
REQUIREMENTSANALYSIS
EVALUATION DESIGN
PROTOTYPING
08/04/23
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Requirement Analysis
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Evolutionary model
State of the art Requirement Analysis Design Prototyping Evaluation
REQUIREMENTSANALYSIS
EVALUATION DESIGN
PROTOTYPING
08/04/23
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Prototyping
The most creative part ;) Use of Balsamiq Mockups Design of the interfaces
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Evolutionary model
State of the art Requirement Analysis Design Prototyping Evaluation
REQUIREMENTSANALYSIS
EVALUATION DESIGN
PROTOTYPING
08/04/23
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Evaluation
A - Inspection test Heuristic test Cognitive Walkthrough
B - Usability test Task tests
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Evaluation
A - Inspection test Heuristic test Cognitive Walkthrough
B - Usability test Task tests
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Heuristic tests
Goals: opinion production by inspection of the system by usability experts in reference to “gold rules”
Jakob Nielsen’s usability heuristics
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Ten Usability Heuristics
1) Visibility of system status
2) Match between system and the real world
3) User control and freedom
4) Consistency and standards
5) Error prevention
6) Recognition rather than recall
7) Flexibility and efficiency of use
8) Aesthetic and minimalist design
9) Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors
10) Help and documentation
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Heuristic tests - example
Visibility of system status Where I am? Where I can go? The interface has a clear structure?
Match between system and real world Links, buttons and controls have
appropriate languages? The category and the groupings have
appropriate labels?
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Cognitive Walkthrough
Goals: is a test performed by usability experts
The evaluator shall examine in details the elementary actions that the user of the system must do to succesfully complete each task recostrunction of the mental process that the user could take during various actions
The expert who analyzes the software product tries to answer four questions
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
CW Tests
The system has been evaluated whereas the following use cases:A. Visualize the details of a challengeB. Visualize the map of a challengeC. Initialization of a challengeD. Searching for a challengeE. Fight with a user in the proximityF. Search a challengeG. Create and initialize a challengeH. Create a challenge and delete a waypointI. Visualize the health statusJ. Recognize that there is a fighting in the background
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
UT example
A – Visualize the details of a challenge MV IV
1 – The user tries to get the right effect? YES YES
2 – The user notice that the correct action is available? YES YES
3 – The user associate the correct action with the effect that is going to get?
YES YES
4 – If the correct action has been executed, the user sees that there is a step towards the solution of the task?
YES YES
The usability experts that perform the test are:Marco Vernier – abbreviation MVIngrid Visentini – abbreviation IV
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Evaluation
A - Inspection test Heuristic test Cognitive Walkthrough
B - Usability test Task tests
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
B - Usability test
Usability testing = user testing Goals: evaluation of the system by possible users
of the system Users sample evaluate the system under
observation of expert who gather data, analize them and draw conclusion
Users perform different task test choosen by the experts as use models to investigate the usability of the system
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
UT Planning
How is it developed? 4 phases
Planning the experiment: definition of the type of users, type of task and the methods of implementation of the tests
Recrutiment of users Execution of the experiment
Briefing Execution of the test with the tecnhique “Think aloud”
Final Debriefing
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Operational status
How did we execute the UT?
Laboratory Paper prototype
(constraints dueto indoorenvironment)
Use cases
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Use cases
A Use Case is a set of tasks to pursue one goal between the user and the product
Three different types of tasks:1. Delicate tasks – more usability problems2. Tasks most often – functions more significant3. Tasks more important – too much barriers
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Use cases examples
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Impact and frequency
How did we evaluate the prototype?
To evaluate the gravity of the problems, two variables have been taken into account: Impact that a problem can effect the efficiency,
productivity and the security of a user who is carrying out a specific task in a particular operational situation
Frequency with which the problem is presented to the user when performing the task.
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Severity table
From the values assigned to frequency and impact, the value of severity is set
Impact Frequency Severity1 1 Low1 2 Low1 3 Serious2 1 Serious2 2 Serious2 3 Critical3 1 Critical3 2 Critical3 3 Critical
G. Brajnik. Beyond Conformance: the role of Accessibility Evaluation Methods , Keynote paper, 2nd International Workshop on Web Usability and Accessibility IWWUA08, Sept. 2008, Auckland, New Zealand
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Results
Users profiles
Test results
Prototype examples
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Results - Users profiles
User Sex Age Occupation Computer skills
Smartphoneskills
Played with a smartphone
game
Played with internet games
U1 F 26 Student Medium Medium NO NOU2 M 31 Student Medium-High Medium YES NOU3 F 24 Student Medium -- YES YESU4 M 27 R.S. Member High High YES NOU5 M 28 Student High -- YES NOU6 M 26 -- Medium-High Medium YES NOU7 M 28 Student High Low-Medium YES NO
U8 M 31 Research Ass. High Medium YES NO
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Results - Users profiles
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Tests results version 2.3 (1)
Problems Use Case User Solution Frequency Impact SeverityRecognizing problem of map button A,B,C U1,U2,U3 Add a zoom icon 3 3 Critical
Misunderstanding between the text “create challenge” with “create a new challenge”
H,F U3-U6,U4 Change the entire interface 3 3 Critical
Add the challenge to “my favorite” – Problems with the “add button”
F U4-U7 Add a “favorite button” on the bottom
2 2 Serious
Problem with the text in the popup “create challenge”
L,I U4,U5-U7 Change the entire text 2 2 Serious
Waiting time is not clear during the fight requests
E U6 Add another method of request to fight
2 1 Serious
Misunderstanding of the icon run (two man) during the challenges
C,B U6,U8 Change with another icon – maybe is a mockups problem
2 2 Serious
Misunderstanding with the label “Create Challenge” and “My created Challenge”
H U6 Change the entire interface 2 2 Serious
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Problem with the compass. Is this the direction that I have to follow?
B U8 New versions of compass 1 3 Serious
Misunderstanding with the face icon I U5 -- 1 1 LowMisunderstanding of the possibility to order the challenges
G U5 Maybe is a mockups problem 1 1 Low
Misunderstanding of the point during the fighting
D U5 1 1 Low
Misunderstanding of the text “Best time”
C U6 -- 1 1 Low
Problem with the dimension of the icons
A U7 Change the dimension of the icons
1 1 Low
Misunderstanding with the number in Player’s name – think that the number is a point
D U7 -- 1 1 Low
Tests results version 2.3 (2)
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Test results ver. 2.4
Problems Use Case User Solution Frequency Impact Severity
Misunderstanding of the second marker in the compass representation
G U2 Chose a new compass representation
3 3 Critical
Misunderstanding overview button: did not do what I expected
B,C U4,U5 Change label with “minimap” 2 3 Critical
Press “Change options” to insert the search parameters
A U1 2 1 Serious
Problem name My challenge A U1 1 1 Low
Ordering of the list was not obvious D U3 Maybe is a Mockups problem 1 1 Low
Not clear the button back to fight D U3 Write “back to fight menu” 1 1 Low
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Some examples – main menu
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Challenges menu
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Challenges in action
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Map view
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Create a challenge - waypoints
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
Conclusions
Prototype 2.4.1 is ready for use
Evolutionary model works well for GUI prototyping User testing brought huge benefit as many errors have
been solved Paper prototype is effective
Platform-dependent implementation
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Vernier - Visentini Research Project in Pervasive Computing
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION