Upload
heather-troutman
View
212
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
REAP | 2nd Semester SuSe15
Heather Troutman
Project 2 | Final Report5
Albania Arrazola
Emiel Afrans Titho
Gabriel Nießen
Eimsbüttel
15.07.2015
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
1
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Soil Permeability
Surface Types
Topography
±0,00 m
30,00 mGreen Roof Potential
2
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
SuitabilitySolar Potential
3
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Traffic-Noise-Map Night Traffic Noise Map Day
4
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Recycling Containers Underground-bins
5
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Food-related businesses
6
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
7
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
8
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
9
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Pedestrian pathsBike lane paths
10
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Pedestrian pathsBike lane paths
11
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Information panel
12
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Benches
13
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Calamagrostis epigejos Endymion non-scriptaFritillaria meleagrisGeranium robertianum
Planting of endangered species
14
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Light Design
15
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
16
Bunker
Look forward
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Vertical circulation
Services
Circulation
17
€6 million wasted 30 km2 land required 700 tonnes from food sector 3,000 tonnes from households
Problems: 20% SpaceCauses: 20% Space
5,000 tonnes CO2eq
First level – space scheme
Solutions: 60% Space
18
Interactive Exhibition
Second level – space scheme 19
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Sustainable Urbanism
Throughout the analysis, we identified elements such as the "sharing stations" (figures 1 and 2) which indicated the presence of a strong community sense in the district. Such feature seemed relevant to be considered for further study and lead to establishing the center of one of our two main topics. We defined the social perspective as the main focus for the sustainable urbanism topic. On that basis, we also considered the existent historical background of Eimbüttel as added component of the district's community sense, as stated by Crowhurst (1987), the historic character of a neighborhood encourages community identity and sense of place.
Since its foundation (ca. 1275) Eimsbüttel has seen the evolution of buildings, parks and streets (Salomon, 2002). Such is the case of the Im Gehölz street, which used to be a forested recreational area (Schubert, 1992), and subsequently it formed part of the tramway infrastructure in Hamburg (Figure 3) (Becker, 2002). Now, Im Gehölz street is a primary highway in the city, allowing a great opportunity for a project development. Furthermore, the presence of the "Bunker Alardusstraße" and the high public transportation connectivity in the aforementioned street provide an additional asset to the project.
Figure 2. Sharing station OsterstraßeAuthor‘s photo
Figure 3. Im GehölzPhoto taken from: (Schubert, 2002)
Eimsbüttel 1000 x 1000 meters selected square distrcit
F1
F2
Figure 1. Sharing station Stellinger WegAuthor‘s photo
20
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Sustainable Urbanism
One of the project‘s goal is to be integrated into the current City of Hamburg‘s urban plan, „Stadtraumerneuerung Osterstraße“, which main goal is to improve the area’s walkability and promote cyclist mobility. Therefore, a third construction stage is proposed. The third proposal starts in Im Gehölz main city street, a few meters from Schulweg, the last cross section street from the „Stadtraumerneuerung Osterstraße“ urban plan. This third stage includes the Bunker located in Alardusstraße 8/ Im Gehölz and its surrounding Southwest area. According to Dipl.-Ing. Mareike Gärtner, from the Eimsbüttel Office District, the property belongs to the city of Hamburg, hence, the bunker could potentially be used as a community and information center regarding food waste awareness.
The proposal covers a surface of 4,364.81 m2 (Figure 4), from which 326.75 m2 corresponds to the bunker’s surface and the remaining 4,038.06 m2 are intended to be used as open spaces. The open spaces surfaces are described as following: green open space and pedestrian paths cover an area of 2,594.77 m2; bike lanes cover an area of 922.79 m2; car parking space covers an area of 520.50 m2, which allows 18 parking spaces (Table 1, Figure 5). The suggested parking space located next to the bunker is intended to provide space for the vehicles that are currently located in the bunker’s Southwest area. To do so, a layout change is to be made by replacing the current 90º parking spaces to 30º parking spaces, as well as relocating two trees within the current parking space into the new open green space (Figure 6).
Table 1. Project Surfaces
Chart 1. Project Surfaces Figure 6. Parking spaces
Figure 5. Space Project Surfaces
Figure 4. Total Project Surface
Surface = 4,364.81 m2
21
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Sustainable UrbanismBunker Alardustraße
The ground level includes the following spaces: vertical and horizontal circulations; foyer; manueuver area; food refrigeration and storage; and services (Table 2; Chart 2; Figures 7, 8).
Figure 7. Ground Level
A A
Figure 8. Section A-AChart 2. Ground Level Surfaces
Table 2. Ground Level Surfaces
Bunker Location
22
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Sustainable UrbanismBunker Alardustraße
The first level includes the following spaces: vertical and horizontal circulations; foyer; permanent exhibitions displaying food waste causes, problems and solutions; and services; (Table 3; Chart 3; Figures 9, 10).
Bunker Location
Figure 10 Section A-A
Figure 9. First Level
A A
Chart 3. First Level Surfaces
Table 3. First Level Surfaces
23
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Sustainable UrbanismBunker Alardustraße
The second level includes the following spaces: vertical and horizontal circulations; foyer; an interactive exhibition offering dynamic food waste solutions for the visitors to explore and interact ; and services. (Table 4; Chart 4; Figures 11, 12).
Bunker Location
Figure 12. Section A-A
Figure 11. Second Level
A A
Chart 4. Second Level Surfaces
Table 4. Second Level Surfaces
24
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Sustainable UrbanismBunker Alardustraße
The third level includes the following spaces: vertical and horizontal circulations; foyer; an area to offer community dinners; a kitchen; and services. (Table 5; Chart 5; Figures 13, 14).
Bunker Location
Figure 14. Section A-A
Figure 13. Third Level
A A
Chart 5. Third Level Surfaces
Table 5. Third Level Surfaces
25
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Interdependenciesremainig REAP-scopes
Figure 15. Interdependencies to other REAP-scopes
26
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Interdependenciesremainig REAP-scopes
Figure 16. Development through proposals
27
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Food Waste
28
“Food waste is composed of raw or cooked food materials and includes food loss before, during or after meal preparation in the household, as well as food discarded in the process of manufacturing, distribution, retail and food service activities. It comprises materials such as vegetable peelings, meat trimmings, and spoiled or excess ingredients or prepared food as well as bones, carcasses and organs” (BIO Intelligence, 2010). The European Commission (2014) has called for EU-wide targets, aimed at kick-starting action on food waste prevention following the publication of an environmental impact assessment on food waste. The report identified that nearly 90 million tonnes of food waste was generated by the EU27 in 2006, approximately 179 kg per person, costing €180 billion. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2013) estimated that “at the European level, the overall CO2 equivalents attributable to food waste is at least 170 Mt. emitted per year (close to the total greenhouse gas emissions of Romania or of the Netherlands in 2008, and approximately 3% of total EU27 emissions in 2008” (emissions data sourced from Eurostat, 2010)).
*EU figures do not include agricultural losses. (Source: EC, 2014)**This level is equivalent to roughly the total emissions of greenhouse gases of Romania.
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Food wastage figures in Eimsbüttel
29
Initially, the aim of our project was focused specifically on saving food from vendors in the district, such as overly ripe fruits and vegetables, breads and dairy products passed sale-by-date, and leftover prepared food items from restaurants. The food will be collected with small, electric-engine trucks and vans according to schedules that are made by the food vendors themselves. Saved food will be taken to the community bunker for sorting and to determine where the food is needed. The program will work with community organizations such as food shelters and refugee centers who are in need of nutritional food items. When the community bunker collects more food than there is a community demand for, food items will be processed in a way that elongates the edible timeframe of the item, such as preparing sauces and jams that can be frozen and stored for long periods of time. Further investigation revealed that food-related businesses account for only 19% of the total food wasted in the EU27, with households accounting for 42% (FAO, 2013).
It became apparent that if the aim of our project was to increase sustainable urbanism in our district and reduce stresses on energy, land, water and the global climate, that our project must also address food wasted in households. To do this, we decided to make the Bunker’s primary use an exhibition on food waste with 20% of the exhibition space dedicated to understanding the problem, 20% dedicated to understanding the causes and 60% dedicated to celebrating fun and practical solutions.
Using data provided the FAO’s Food Wastage Footprint: Impacts on Natural Resources, we normalized the data per capita to determine Eimsbüttel-specific food wastage figures.
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Affected Actors
30
Residents
Positive effects – There are numerous anticipated positive effects for residents of the district if our proposal is realized, including an increased sense of community, reduced financial burden, increased environmental awareness and understanding of sustainability. The most obvious incentive for residents is the availability of food at no cost. This is of particular reward to low-income residents and unemployed and homeless users of the district. This project does not only seek to save wasted food from businesses in the district, but focuses more on educating district residents on the environmental impacts that wasting food at home causes, the annual financial losses resulting from wasting food, and empowers them with creative ways to eliminate food waste at home. The bunker will host community dinners and workshops on composting and preparing foods for storage that will provide an opportunity for residents to interact and exchange ideas and experiences, increasing the sense of community in the district. Negative effects – There are no obvious negative effects anticipated for residents of the district resulting from this proposal. There is a small threat that constantly available, free food will increase the prevalence of homeless users in the district, especially in the park adjacent to the Bunker, which some district residents may perceive as inconvenient. We believe that this is not a threat, but an opportunity to find new housing solutions, employment opportunities, and greater understanding for community members in need.
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Affected Actors
31
Food-related business owners
Positive effects – It is foreseeable that businesses can gain customer loyalty by partnering with food saving programs and making a public commitment to stop waste from their place of business and save food that can no longer be sold due to quality by working with our food saving program. The third largest French supermarket, Intermarché, proved an innovative concept for saving unattractive fruits and vegetables that would otherwise be wasted at the farm due to their unusual appearance with the campaign Inglòrious fruits & vegetables. The campaign highlighted the irrelevance of a vegetable’s appearance when the motivation is nutrition. Working with farmers, Intermarché was able to retail fruits and vegetables that would have otherwise been wasted for a 30% reduction in cost to the customers. The campaign was an immediate and celebrated success selling an average of 1.2 tons per store during the first two days and accounting for 24% of total store sales (Intermarché, 2015). Retailers such as supermarkets, fruit stands and bakeries can save food by marketing lesser quality food items at a discount, earning profit from a commodity that would otherwise be a waste management cost if business-as-usual is to throw out low-quality products as waste. Negative effects – Implementing food saving strategies would certainly require an effort, time and possibly money, to train employees and create a system for collecting a briefly storing food that can no longer be retailed. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization has prepared a variety of resources, such as toolkits and hand guides, for food vendors and caterers who would like to start saving food (FAO, 2014). Some vendors may not wish that residents know that food is wasted at their venue. Specialized programs can be made that allow for anonymity of food providers. Collection times will be coordinated with food providers at times that are chosen for convenience.
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
Food Waste
32
Institutional bodies
Positive effects – Schools and kindergartens will benefit greatly from this project with new academic programs and workshops, offering students and professors with increased opportunities to incorporate resource efficiency into education and daily lives. Municipalities will benefit from championed actions to address concerns declared by the EU, and an opportunity for celebration of new, sustainable projects, such as workshops for other districts that would like to also implement food saving programs. Additionally, this project lays the platform for increased community events that the municipality can use to disseminate information. Waste collectors will benefit from decreased waste loads that need to be collected, possibly eventually reducing the frequency of pickups, saving the municipality time, money, and GHG emission allowances. Community organizations that support low-income and homeless residents will have a reliable source for nutritional food and sustainability edification for their programs.
Negative effects – Some of the organic foods that will be saved through our program may currently be utilized as a substrate for bio-gas plants. This threat can be ameliorated by implementing integrated management strategies at the Bunker to collect all usable biomass that cannot be eaten and insuring it is secured for fuel.
Bunker
Supplementary
ApproachFoodwastefoodsharing
Look back
Material
WaterEnergyTraffic
IdeasConnectionIntervention
OutsideConceptInside
Sust_Urbanism
References
Becker, C. (2002). Eimsbüttel von A-Z. Das Stadtteillexikon. Hamburg, Germany: Medien-Verlag Schubert.
Botanischer Verein zu Hamburg e.V. . (1891-2015). Botanischer Verein zu Hamburg e.V. . Retrieved June 10, 2015, from Pflanzenportraits: www.botanischerverein.de/pflanzenportraits.html
Braae, E. (2015). Beauty Redeemed. Recycling Post-industrial Landscapes. Basel: IKAROS Press.
Crowhurst Lennard, S. H. (1987). Livable Cities: People and Places: Social and Design Principles for the Future of the CIty. Southampton, N.Y. : Gondolier Press.
European Commission [EC] (2014) Impact Assessment on Measures Addressing Food Waste. Retrieved June 12, 2015, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/content/20120118IPR35648/html/Parliament-calls-for-urgent-measures-to-halve- food-wastage-in-the-EU
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations [FAO] (2013) Food wastage footprint: impacts on natural resources.
Frei und Hansestadt Hamburg Behörde für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt Abteilung Naturschutz. (2010, Mai). hamburg.de. Retrieved from hamburg.de/start-natur: http://epub.sub.uni-hamburg.de/epub/volltexte/2014/31775/pdf/
rote_liste_und_florenliste_der_gefaesspflanzen_von_hamburg.pdf
Hamburg.de. (n.d.). hamburg.de. Retrieved May 25, 2015, from Planung läuft. Stadtraumerneuerung Osterstraße: http://www.hamburg.de/eimsbuettel/4256588/stadtraumerneuerung-osterstrasse/
Intermarché, (2015) Inglòrious fruits & vegetables. Retrieved June 14, 2015, from http://itm.marcelww.com/inglorious/
Intermarché, (2014) Inglòrious fruits & vegetables Retrieved June 14, 2015, from https://vimeo.com/98441820
Schubert, Medien-Verlag. (1992). Eimsbüttel im Wandel in alten uns neuen Bilder. Hamburg, Germany: Medien-Verlag Schubert.
Strassenkatalog.de. (n.d.). Strassenkatalog.de. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from Bunker Alardusstraße: http://www.strassenkatalog.de/osm/bunker_alardusstrasse,32298077w.html
Salomon, S. (1994). Eimsbütteler Facetten. Einblicke in 100 Jahre Stadtteilgeschichte; 1894-1994. Hamburg, Germany: Galerie Morgenland.