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Research convergence to
enable accessibility to be
customised for individual users
Liddy NevileLa Trobe
UniversityAustralia
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Ideas …
• Concepts behind AccessForAll– personal choice of adaptation
– accessibility for everyone
– discovery of what “I” need
– interoperability
• Approaches to accessibility – universal design and/or
– distributed and cumulative metadata
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
AccessForAll Accessibility
• What do we want to achieve?
• Flexibility with respect to resources and services so everyone can use them as they choose.
• Let’s see what TILE does:http://inclusivelearning.ca/tile/
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
TILE
E-learning environment that enables learner-centric
transformation of learning content and delivery
• Authoring support for transformable content and
Metadata
• Browser
• Learning Object Repository
• Learner Preference System
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
So what’s happening?
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
DRD metadata
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
In fact, ……
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
TILE is …
• A centralised system• All resources are digital• All resources standards compliant• All resources are ‘atomic’ • All resources are appropriately
described
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Digital resources (Microsoft research)
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Digital resources (Microsoft research)
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
AfA definition of accessibility
• the accessible relationship between the user and the resource enables the user to make sensory and cognitive contact with the content of the resource.
See http://www.imsglobal.org/accessibility/
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Sensory needs and preferences
• I can’t see now• I like Braille but screen-reading is OK• I can’t see well now• I may have an epileptic seizure if I
see flashing• I read (Braille) slowly and may need
extra timeNote - no mention of disabilities!
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Relationship Descriptions
• So how do we describe sensory and other accessibility needs and preferences for digital resources?
• We have opted for display, control and content as the three relationships that can be affected and can change.
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Adapting to all devices & contexts
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Adaptive technologies
• Some replace standard technologies and some have special requirements.
• Many have features users like to use.• In addition, there may be requirements
for other display characteristics, and there may be separate needs for content adjustment.
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Adaptive technologies
• Some requirements can conflict, eg an on-screen keyboard and a ‘full-screen’ resource.
• For this reason, descriptions of needs and preferences for display, control and content characteristics need to be separated.
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Needs and preferences
• Some people can choose between several alternative resources
• Some people can use only one
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Multiple PNPs
• Descriptions of users needs and preferences (PNPs) will be used according to the context or circumstances and may differ according to the occasion.
• PNPs may be personal, situational, contextual, etc.
• PNPs should be stored and available any time, anywhere.
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
• Accessible resource components – in general this means WCAG
compliance– BUT …..
• resources may be distributed• resources may be produced ‘just in
time’
Dependencies
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
What else is happening?
• IMS and Dublin Core and IEEE/LOM and CEN ISSS/LT and INCITS/V2 and W3C and ISO JTC1 SC …. and
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Metadata is …
• Structured, machine-readable information about resources – (data about data)
• Used when Google can’t help…• Human-input is valued• but interoperability is not implied….• And now it might be tagging as
well….
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Personal Needs and Preferences (PNPs)
• Display: – how resources are to be presented
and structured, • Control:
– how resources are to be controlled and operated, and
• Content: – what supplementary or alternative
resources are to be supplied.
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Display preferences
• Where the person can’t see text, it may need to be transformed into another mode - auditory or tactile (Braille).
• Text may need to be bigger and a different colour.
• Images may need to be bigger.
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Control preferences
• Some assistive technologies effectively replace the typical mouse and keyboard combination without any adjustment
• but others use technologies that require special configuration.
• An on-screen keyboard will use screen space e.g.
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Content preferences
• A dyslexic person may need additional images to avoid excessive text density
• a ‘foreigner’ may need an alternative language
• a eyes-busy person may need a text description of an image.
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Digital Resource Description (DRDs)
• Display: – how the resource can be presented and
structured,
• Control: – how the resource can be controlled and
operated, and
• Content: – what supplementary or alternative resources
are supplied with the resource.
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Basic DRD metadata includes:
– Access Mode: vision, hearing, touch, text
– Access Mode Usage: informative or
ornamental
– Display: amenability of a resource to
transformation of the display
– Control: how the method of control is flexible
– Alternatives: any known alternatives
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
and, where appropriate,
• Components: any parts that make up this resource (a sound file, an image, etc.) or a
composite resource of which it is a part
• Hazards: any dangerous characteristics
• Support tools: electronic tools associated with the resource (calculator, dictionary, etc.)
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
& DRD for alternatives also includes:
• Identity of the original resource
• Type: kind of alternative
• Extent: extent of coverage of original resource
• Detailed description of the alternative: description of its characteristics necessary for matching it to details of the PNP.
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
AfA is an approach …
PNP
DRD
Dlfkng fg jhgj fglhk fghRt hrtj hlkjg hklj thkkj ttRt grlkthklj thk thl kjrthkRthnk tlhkk jthk rth th lrt
Fra
mew
ork
PN
PD
RD
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Resource metadata
With abstract models …
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
The conversations flow …
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Multi-lingual/multi-cultural
• Definition of languages and cultures
• etc….
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Accessibility of events and places, ….
• Location-based– Location dependent– Location independent
• What divisions?– Physical needs?– Electronic needs?
ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 [email protected]
Thank you!
• To participate, please contact me…
– [email protected]– [email protected]
• Check the new standards and work at– http://dublincore.org/groups/access