01 brief history of the panama canal 1513 1999 by chris siverd

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Challenge the future

Brief History of the Panama Canal

1513-1999 Chris Siverd

PIANC USA YP-Com delegate

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Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1475 – 1519)

• Established Santa Maria

• Discovered Pacific Ocean Sept. 1513

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Panama Railroad

• Incorporated April 7, 1849

• New York City

• Quicker and Safer

• Gold rush

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French Attempt (1880 - 1887, 1890 - 1903)

• Ferdinand de Lesseps (1805 – 1894)

• Suez Canal – Nov. 17, 1869

• “future will take care of itself”

• Sea level canal

• Godin de Lepinay, Baron de Brusly

• Climate most serious

• Locks

• 2 artificial lakes

• 1879

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Problems

• Poor design

• Malaria, Yellow Fever

• “Men of genius would come forth”

• Not enough money

• Folded Dec. 15, 1888

• Corruption

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US Attempt (1903 – 1914)

• Panama Independence

• Manuel Amador (1833 – 1909)

• Doctor of Panama Railroad

• Integral in revolution

• 1st president of Panama (1904 – 1908)

• Philippe Bunau-Varilla

• 27 – director general in Panama (1886)

• “Envoy Extraordinary”

• Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (Nov. 18, 1903)

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US Attempt (1903 – 1914)

• Dr. William Gorgas (1854 – 1920)

• Chief Sanitary Officer (1904)

• In 2 years

• Yellow fever eradicated

• Malaria controlled

• John Stevens (1853 – 1943)

• Railroad era

• Fully supported Gorgas

• George Goethals (1858 – 1928)

• Chief Engineer of the Panama Canal (1907-1914)

• USACE

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• Lake Elevation: 24.8 – 26.7m (82 – 88ft)

• Lock dimensions: 33.5 x 304.8m (110 – 1000ft)

• US naval ships

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Landslides

• French Period (1881-1903) 14.3M m3 N/A

• US Construction (1903 – 1913) 84.3M m3 20.0M m3

• Post-construction (1914 – 2005) 102.6M m3 52.0M m3

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Torrijos – Carter Treaty September 7, 1977

• US President Jimmy Carter

• Gen. Omar Torrijos

• Panama full control of canal zone 1999

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Tolls

• 1st toll paid to US Government

• Pleasure boat

• Aug. 14, 1914

• Least expensive toll

• Richard Halliburton - $0.36

• 1928

• Avg. toll

• $54,000

• Most expensive toll

• Norwegian Pearl - $375,000

• April 14, 2010

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Thank you

Design

01 brief history of the panama canal 1513 1999 by chris siverd