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Video as Research DataCHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN VIDEO DATA PRESERVATION
JAMIE WITTENBERG & CELIA EMMELHAINZ
Types of video data:Field observations (ecology and ethnographic)
Laboratory or educational observation
Life history, oral history, community history
Performances
Zulu Woman at a reconstructed traditional village in South Africa rolling clay for pottery making, by John Atherton https://www.flickr.com/photos/gbaku/2355358070/
Social challengesEthics: confidentiality
Ethics: informed consent
Legal issues: Ownership
Legal issues: Copyright
Contextual information
Village Focus Group, by CIFOR, at https://www.flickr.com/photos/cifor/34742000210/
Technical challengesFile size: Research data repositories often have a 2GB upload limit
Playback: Most repositories do not support playback
Access copies: Increases storage costs and may be less useful
Preservation formats: Must be in formats useful to the end user and the library
Packaging: Video data should be bundled with other documentation
Archival storage & cost
The need for context
Transcription*:
Berik: Oh, Celia will show this in America! [laughs]
Dauren [waves fan]: Yeah, say he's making shashlik.
Celia: Yes, yes.
Oleg: It's a video?
Dauren: Will you show this in America? [grins]
[pans to Berik]
*pseudonyms
Metadata
Session-level description for research videos:
Session: “Cooking Shashlik,” June 2014, Haileybury Astana, men cooking lamb kebabs for a school staff party in Kazakhstan.Project: Ethnography of Libraries in Kazakhstan, semi-structured interviews and observation.Content: Food preparation, unscripted, researcher in observation mode,
controlled (workplace) environment, end-of-year teacher celebration, face to face, in Russian language.Actors: “Dauren,” young Kazakh, fanning meat on skewers, “Oleg,” Russian male from Kazakhstan, turning skewers, “Berik,” older Kazakh man observing.
Conversation is in Russian. Ethnographer, Celia Emmelhainz, is offscreenrecording with a handheld camera.Resources: Transcript available at [link].References: [link to other sessions, related publications.]
Sample session-level metadata in IDMI
Principal investigator. Celia Emmelhainz, Kent State University
Title: Research and Information use Among Social Science Faculty and Students in Kazakhstan.
Funding sources. None.
Project description. Research interviews to better understand how faculty and students in Central Asia undertake research and use information in theuniversity setting. General ethnographic data on gender, workplace, and culture in Kazakhstan was also collected.
Sample and sampling procedures. Snowball sample of faculty, students, and librarians at Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan; a related questionnaire uses a snowball sample of government librarians at the National Academic Library in Kazakhstan.
Substantive, temporal, and geographic coverage of the data collection [Dublin Core -- Coverage]. Libraries and librarianship, 2011-2014, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Unit(s) of analysis/observation. Individual librarians, faculty, and students.
Variables. N/A, qualitative research. Topics covered with students include major, department, steps in research, hard/easy information to locate, professors’ assistance, attendance at library instruction, resourced used at the library. Topics covered with faculty include learning to research, current projects, process for finding literature, resources used at the library, impact of region on research, projects assigned to students, teaching information literacy to students, databases used.
Technical information on files. .rtf and .doc for text, .jpg for images, .mp4 for video.
Data collection instruments. Partial interview questionnaire: 1. Can you tell me about your studies? Which year are you? In which department? Prompt: why did you choose that department/major? 2. Have you done any research projects that involve looking for information? [ . . . ]
Coding instrument. Interviews were coded in Atlas.ti and on paper for themes. Emerging themes included preferences for print vs. ebooks, challenges in accessing and interpreting information, the need for training on critical thinking and citing materials, challenges of location, student tendency to google or ask friends, and creative workarounds for faculty accessing information.
Sample project-level metadata in DDI
Enabling meaningful access
EVIADA: Sharing Access Copies Maleševsko (Mалешевcко) dance clip from EVIA: https://media.eviada.org/eviadasb/displaysegment.html?id=9-S0452
Role of librarians
Engaging partners
Developing policy
Recruiting content creators
Enhancing metadata
Stewarding collections
Raising awareness
Workflows for librarians & partners
Evaluate sensitivity
Check rightsEnhance metadata
Ensure accessibility
Engage liaisons
